FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McFee, WE Adams, JD Fair, PA Bossart, GD AF McFee, Wayne E. Adams, Jeffrey D. Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Age Distribution and Growth of Two Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Populations from Capture-Release Studies in the Southeastern United States SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE asymptotic growth; age distribution; capture-release study; bottlenose dolphins; Tursiops truncatus ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; FLORIDA; REPRODUCTION; USA; LOBOMYCOSIS; PACIFIC; OBESITY; WEIGHT; SYSTEM; OCEAN AB Information regarding the growth parameters of wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) is sparse despite increased captures of wild bottlenose dolphins for research over the last two decades. The present study investigated age distribution and growth parameters (e. g., length, age, body-mass index [BMI], mass, and girth) of dolphins examined during health assessment studies performed from 2003 to 2007 in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, and Charleston Estuary (CHS), South Carolina. Age distributions of 94 dolphins from the IRL and 71 dolphins from CHS showed that significantly younger dolphins were caught in the IRL than in the CHS, though this may be a sampling issue. CHS female dolphins reached a higher girth asymptote than IRL females, whereas both IRL sexes attained higher mass asymptotes than their CHS counterparts. No significant differences in BMI, mass, or girth were detected between IRL and CHS dolphins when accounting for age. Male growth rates obtained from longitudinal data showed IRL dolphins exceeded growth rates of CHS dolphins throughout life. IRL dolphins captured in the northern region of the IRL showed significantly lower mean BMI, mass, and girth than their counterparts captured in the central and southern IRL. While this study demonstrated the varied growth patterns of wild bottlenose dolphins between two geographically separate populations, continued use of longitudinal data on growth parameters may provide for more subtle variations in growth between populations. C1 [McFee, Wayne E.; Adams, Jeffrey D.; Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP McFee, WE (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM wayne.mcfee@noaa.gov FU Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution; NOAA FX The project was administered under a permit granted by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Permit Number 998-1678, issued to Dr. Gregory Bossart. Funding for the project came from the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution's "Florida Protect Wild Dolphins" program and the NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. The authors would like to thank all of the staff members who contributed to the HERA project, especially Stephen McCulloch, Eric Zolman, Larry Hansen, Juli Goldstein, Rene Verela, and Forrest Townsend. Len Balthis, Paul Pennington, Leslie Burdett, and Suzanne Lane assisted with statistical analysis. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 26 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1578/AM.38.1.2012.17 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 952TB UT WOS:000304814200002 ER PT J AU Martinson, EC Stokes, HH Scarnecchia, DL AF Martinson, Ellen C. Stokes, Houston H. Scarnecchia, Dennis L. TI Use of juvenile salmon growth and temperature change indices to predict groundfish post age-0 yr class strengths in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; groundfish; Gulf of Alaska; indicators; salmon ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PINK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; CARRYING-CAPACITY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ECOSYSTEM; RECRUITMENT AB Juvenile marine growth (SW1) of salmon and a new temperature change (TC) index were evaluated as ecosystem indicators and predictors for the post age-0 year class strength (YCS) of groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Our hypothesis was that SW1, as measured on the scales of adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), is a proxy for ocean productivity on the continental shelf, a rearing area for young salmon and groundfish. Less negative TC index values are the result of a cool late summer followed by a warm spring, conditions favorable for groundfish YCS. In the GOA, SW1 was a positive predictor of age-1 pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), but not age-2 sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) YCS, indicating that the growth of the Karluk River sockeye salmon that enter Shelikof Strait is a proxy for ocean conditions experienced by age-0 pollock. Contrary to our hypotheses, the TC index was a negative predictor of GOA pollock YCS; and the SW1 a negative predictor of EBS pollock and cod YCS since the 1980s. Recent fisheries oceanography survey results provide insight into possible mechanisms to support the inverse SW1 and YCS relationship. For the EBS, the TC index was a significant positive predictor for pollock and cod YCS, supporting the hypothesis that a cool late summer followed by a warm spring maximizes the over-wintering survival of pollock and cod (Gadus macrocephalus), especially since the 1980s. The TC and SW1 index showed value for the assessment of pollock and cod, but not sablefish. C1 [Martinson, Ellen C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Stokes, Houston H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Scarnecchia, Dennis L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Martinson, EC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ellen.martinson@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2012.00626.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 952US UT WOS:000304819100007 ER PT J AU Pirkl, RJ Remley, KA AF Pirkl, Ryan J. Remley, Kate A. TI MIMO Channel Capacity in 2D and 3D Isotropic Environments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID ANTENNAS; CHAMBER; FIELDS AB We analyze theoretical distributions of MIMO channel capacity for different antennas in 2D and 3D statistically isotropic environments, which may be generated by multiprobe anechoic and reverberation chambers, respectively. We observe that the two environments yield comparable capacity distributions provided that (1) the 2D statistically isotropic environment's capacity data are taken at many different antenna orientations and (2) the radiation elements have a low directivity. When these conditions are met, we find that the relative error between the 2D statistically isotropic environment's orientation-combined capacity distribution and the 3D statistically isotropic environment's capacity distribution is typically less than 10% for signal-to-noise ratios greater than 5 dB. C1 [Pirkl, Ryan J.; Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Fields Grp, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Fields Grp, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway St,MS 818-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.pirkl@nist.gov OI Pirkl, Ryan/0000-0001-8803-3154 FU National Research Council FX The authors acknowledge the cochair of CTIA's MIMO OTA Subgroup (MOSG), Scott Prather of AT&T Wireless, and the lead designer of the the CTIA MIMO reference antennas, Istvan Szini of Motorola Mobility, for providing the complex radiation pattern data for the CTIA MIMO reference antennas. This work was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5869 J9 INT J ANTENN PROPAG JI Int. J. Antennas Propag. PY 2012 AR 676405 DI 10.1155/2012/676405 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 954PK UT WOS:000304958900001 ER PT J AU Wittmann, RC Stubenrauch, CF Francis, MH AF Wittmann, Ronald C. Stubenrauch, Carl F. Francis, Michael H. TI Using Truncated Data Sets in Spherical-Scanning Antenna Measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID NEAR-FIELD AB We discuss the the mitigation of truncation errors in spherical-scanning measurements by use of a constrained least-squares estimation method. The main emphasis is the spherical harmonic representation of probe transmitting and receiving functions; however, our method is applicable to near-field measurement of electrically small antennas for which full-sphere data are either unreliable or unavailable. C1 [Wittmann, Ronald C.; Stubenrauch, Carl F.; Francis, Michael H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wittmann, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wittmannrc@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5869 J9 INT J ANTENN PROPAG JI Int. J. Antennas Propag. PY 2012 AR 979846 DI 10.1155/2012/979846 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 954SB UT WOS:000304966000001 ER PT J AU Flores, HS Wikfors, GH Dam, HG AF Flores, Hayley S. Wikfors, Gary H. Dam, Hans G. TI Reactive oxygen species are linked to the toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. to protists SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium; Ciliate; Harmful algae; Heterotrophic dinoflagellate; Polykrikos kofoidii; Reactive oxygen species; Tiarina fusus ID CHATTONELLA-MARINA RAPHIDOPHYCEAE; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXIN; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; RED-TIDE; TINTINNID CILIATE; ALLELOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS; COCHLODINIUM-POLYKRIKOIDES; FAVELLA-TARAIKAENSIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ALGAL BLOOM AB Short-term experiments were conducted to examine the response of the ciliate Tiarina fusus and the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii to 3 strains in the Alexandrium tamarense species complex, each with a different paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) content. Both protist species fed on all 3 Alexandrium strains, but significant mortality occurred within 24 h of initial exposure to high densities of each dinoflagellate isolate. Protist mortality was not related, however, to the PST content of the Alexandrium strains, indicating a different mechanism of toxicity. Exposure of T. fusus to cell-free culture filtrates or cell extracts did not cause significant ciliate mortality. In contrast, significant mortality occurred when ciliates were separated physically from a live Alexandrium sp. culture by a 10 mu m nylon mesh, suggesting that the toxicity is dependent upon the viability of the Alexandrium spp. cells but does not require physical contact or ingestion. Addition of antioxidant compounds significantly increased the survival of both protist species when exposed to Alexandrium, suggesting that reactive oxygen species and/or the secondary compounds produced by ROS-induced lipid peroxidation are involved in the toxicity of Alexandrium spp. to ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates. This mechanism of toxicity is previously unknown for Alexandrium spp. and may play an important role in bloom dynamics and toxin transfer within the food web. C1 [Flores, Hayley S.; Dam, Hans G.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Dam, HG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM hans.dam@uconn.edu RI Dam, Hans/A-9723-2015 OI Dam, Hans/0000-0001-6121-5038 FU NOAA; Oceans and Human Health Initiative [NA06NOS4780249]; NSF [OCE-0648126, OCE-1130284] FX We thank G. McManus for the Tiarina fusus culture. Funding was provided by grants from NOAA, including an Oceans and Human Health Initiative grant for the Interdisciplinary Research and Training Initiative on Coastal Ecosystems and Human Health (I-RICH), which provided a postdoctoral fellowship to H. S. F., and grant (NA06NOS4780249). Support during the writing phase of this project was also provided by NSF grants (OCE-0648126 and OCE-1130284). This is ECOHAB contribution number 686. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.3354/ame01570 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 950RB UT WOS:000304665300008 ER PT J AU Colburn, LL Jepson, M AF Colburn, Lisa L. Jepson, Michael TI Social Indicators of Gentrification Pressure in Fishing Communities: A Context for Social Impact Assessment SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fishing communities; gentrification; social impact assessment; social indicators ID ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; JOB-SATISFACTION; RESILIENCE; FISHERMEN; VULNERABILITY AB The use of social indicators in this analysis of coastal communities enhances the evaluation of the combined impacts of changes in fisheries management regulations and gentrification for fisheries social impact assessments. Increasing population pressure, declining fish stocks, and the attractiveness of natural amenities have all led to demographic shifts and economic transformations for many coastal communities dependent on fishing. This impact of "gentrification" on the commercial fishing industry often precipitates a move toward non-marine based economies that can displace local residents and their dependence on fishing as a way of life with resulting impacts to local economies and cultures. Drawing on the United States Census, National Marine Fisheries Service, and other secondary data sources, social indicators were developed for 2,948 coastal communities in the Eastern United States and Gulf Coast and were used to evaluate gentrification pressure in select communities highly engaged in fishing. We anticipate this methodology, when groundtruthed and then combined with time-series assessments, will lead to improvements in the assessment of fishing community vulnerability and resilience for the conduct of fisheries social impact assessments. C1 [Colburn, Lisa L.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02840 USA. [Jepson, Michael] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Colburn, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02840 USA. EM lisa.l.colburn@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 3 SI SI BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1080/08920753.2012.677635 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 948EJ UT WOS:000304486100006 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Fenves, SJ Bock, C Suh, HW Rachuri, S Fiorentini, X Sriram, RD AF Lee, Jae H. Fenves, Steven J. Bock, Conrad Suh, Hyo-Won Rachuri, Sudarsan Fiorentini, Xenia Sriram, Ram D. TI A Semantic Product Modeling Framework and Its Application to Behavior Evaluation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Multilevel modeling framework; OWL; product information modeling; semantic product modeling ID ONTOLOGY; DESIGN AB Supporting different stakeholder viewpoints across the product lifecycle requires semantic richness to represent product-related information and enable multiview engineering simulations. This paper proposes a multilevel product modeling framework enabling stakeholders to define product models and relate them to physical or simulated instances. The framework is defined within the Model-Driven Architecture using the multilevel (data, model, metamodel) approach. The data level represents real-world products, the model level describes models (product models) of real-world products, and the metamodel level describes models of the product models. The metamodel defined in this paper is specialized from a web ontology language enabling product designers to express the semantics of product models in an engineering-friendly way. The interactions between these three levels are described to show how each level in the framework is used in a product engineering context. A product design scenario and user interface for the product metamodel is provided for further understanding of the framework. Note to Practitioners-The views of stakeholders in a product lifecycle may be different according to their concerns. However, they develop product models and data for a same product. The product models and data should be managed in a single framework to validate consistency of product information. The framework proposed in this paper enables stakeholders to define their product models and relate them to physical or simulated instances. A generic metamodel is also proposed to guide engineers in building their product models using engineer-friendly terms. A product design scenario and user interface prototype was implemented for further understanding of the framework and the metamodel. If the prototype is integrated with a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system, it can be a powerful mechanism for semantically annotating CAD models. C1 [Lee, Jae H.; Fenves, Steven J.; Bock, Conrad; Rachuri, Sudarsan; Fiorentini, Xenia; Sriram, Ram D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suh, Hyo-Won] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.jaehyun@nist.gov; steven.fenves@nist.gob; conrad.bock@nist.gov; hw_suh@kaist.ac.kr; sudarsan@nist.gov; xenia.fiorentini@gmail.com; sriram@nist.gov RI Suh, Hyo-Won/C-1543-2011 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-5955 J9 IEEE T AUTOM SCI ENG JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1 BP 110 EP 123 DI 10.1109/TASE.2011.2165210 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 951XV UT WOS:000304754400010 ER PT J AU Moriarty, PE Andrews, KS Harvey, CJ Kawase, M AF Moriarty, Pamela E. Andrews, Kelly S. Harvey, Chris J. Kawase, Mitsuhiro TI Vertical and horizontal movement patterns of scyphozoan jellyfish in a fjord-like estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Acoustic telemetry; Cyanea capillata; Phacellophora camtschatica; Diel vertical migration; Hypoxia ID LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; AURELIA-AURITA; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; PERIPHYLLA-PERIPHYLLA; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; MIDWATER HYPOXIA; WATER JELLYFISH; FOOD-WEB; MIGRATION AB Despite their important functional role in marine ecosystems, we lack much information about jellyfish, including basic research on their swimming behavior. Here we used acoustic telemetry to obtain detailed behavioral data on 2 scyphozoans, lion's mane jellyfish Cyanea capillata and fried-egg jellyfish Phacellophora camtschatica, in Hood Canal, Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Individual variation was high in both the short-term (hours) and long-term (days) data, although several patterns of behavior emerged. Lion's mane jellyfish performed diel vertical migrations over the longer time period, but their depth did not vary with tidal stage. Additionally, horizontal swimming speeds varied with diel period and tidal stage for both lion's mane and fried-egg jellyfish. Lion's mane jellyfish swam faster during the night than day, whereas fried-egg jellyfish swam faster during the day. Both species had the highest swimming rates during flood tides. Jellyfish clearly exhibited active swimming behaviors and were not passively planktonic. Net and cumulative distances traveled suggest that Hood Canal may be a sink for jellyfish, potentially exacerbating effects of population blooms on the ecosystem. Our findings provide mixed support for previous studies reporting diel vertical migrations in other jelly fish species, and provide evidence that jellyfish are capable of more advanced swimming behaviors than often thought. C1 [Andrews, Kelly S.; Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moriarty, Pamela E.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Moriarty, Pamela E.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Math, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Kawase, Mitsuhiro] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andrews, KS (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kelly.andrews@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 FU US Navy; NOAA; NOAA, and NSF; NWFSC FX We thank members of the Ecosystem Science Program (G. Williams, N. Tolimieri, J. Samhouri) at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) for helping with the collection, tagging, and active tracking of jellyfish. T. Essington, A. Beaudreau, H. Nelson, N. Grose, and F. Stevick deployed and retrieved acoustic receivers in Hood Canal. M. Gordon, G. Hays, R. Brodeur, E. Thuesen, and S. Parker-Stetter provided helpful discussion regarding collecting and tagging jellyfish. We thank the ORCA project for data used in calculating the pycnocline and depth of hypoxia. ORCA data were provided by A. Devol and W. Ruef, and funded primarily by the US Navy, NOAA, and NSF. This work was funded by a scholarship from NOAA's Ernest F. Hollings Scholar Program (to P.E.M.) and an internal grant from the NWFSC (to C.J.H. and K.S.A.). We also thank M.L.V. Ciccone for inspiration during active tracking sessions. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 57 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 455 BP 1 EP + DI 10.3354/meps09783 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 949WI UT WOS:000304607100001 ER PT J AU Smart, TI Duffy-Anderson, JT Horne, JK AF Smart, T. I. Duffy-Anderson, J. T. Horne, J. K. TI Alternating temperature states influence walleye pollock early life stages in the southeastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Theragra chalcogramma; Temperature; Distribution; Phenology; Bering Sea ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; SHELF; GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEM; EGGS AB Water temperatures in the southeastern Bering Sea influence the density of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma early life stages, potentially influencing spatial distributions and the phenology of reproduction and development. We quantified stage-specific changes in spatial and temporal distributions under cold- and warm-water conditions using generalized additive models. Analyses showed that walleye pollock egg and yolksac larval spatial distributions are unaffected by temperature, suggesting that spawning locations are stable. Preflexion larvae, late larvae, and juveniles shift onto the shelf under warm conditions, similar to spatial shifts observed in distributions of sub-adults and adults. Temporal distributions were used to address the hypo thesis that timing of the density peak at each stage is delayed under cold conditions. Differences in the timing of density peaks supported the hypothesis that the timing of spawning, hatching, larval development, and juvenile transition are temperature-dependent. The current analysis represents the best support available for the importance of temperature to walleye pollock in determining early life stage development and population trends in the eastern Bering Sea. Our data indicate that future changes in water temperatures could influence the early life stages of an ecologically dominant member of the Bering Sea community by changing phenology and habitat use in the first several months of life. C1 [Smart, T. I.; Horne, J. K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, J. T.] NOAA, Recruitment Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Recruitment Proc Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Smart, TI (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. EM tis@u.washington.edu FU North Pacific Research Board; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration FX Thanks to the members of NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated In vestigations (EcoFOCI) who were involved in the collection and processing of the ichthyoplankton samples. L. Ciannelli (Oregon State University) assisted with statistical analyses and interpretation. This research was supported by the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research program (BSIERP) of the North Pacific Research Board and the North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. This paper is EcoFOCI Contribution No. N754-RAOA-0, BEST-BSIERP Publication No. 35. We appreciate comments by J. Napp, A. Matarese, and 3 anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 455 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.3354/meps09619 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 949WI UT WOS:000304607100017 ER PT J AU Jacobson, KC Baldwin, R Reese, DC AF Jacobson, Kym C. Baldwin, Rebecca Reese, Douglas C. TI Parasite communities indicate effects of cross-shelf distributions, but not mesoscale oceanographic features on northern California Current mid-trophic food web SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Marine parasites; Pelagic fish; Cape Blanco; Hotspot; Inshore-offshore ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; MARINE FISH; METAZOAN PARASITES; UPWELLING SEASON; JUVENILE SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; CURRENT SYSTEM; CENTRAL OREGON; JACK MACKEREL; PATTERNS AB Mesoscale physical oceanographic features, such as jets and eddies, can influence the structure of marine ecosystems. We used trophically transmitted parasite communities of pelagic fishes in the northern California Current to examine effects of physical oceanographic features on pelagic ecosystem structure. We tested the hypotheses that (1) oceanographic features associated with a coastal promontory, Cape Blanco, Oregon (USA), produced a faunal break resulting in different pelagic ecosystems north and south of the cape, and that (2) the use of biological hotspots in the area by pelagic nekton is reflected in the trophic interactions of mid- and upper trophic level fishes. We recovered 19 taxa of trophically transmitted parasites from 10 common pelagic fish species caught between Newport, Oregon, and Crescent City, California. Non-metric multidimensional scaling of parasite communities reflected a trophic structure among these fish species; results were similar to published diet studies. We found no evidence in the trophically transmitted parasites of spatial differences between the pelagic ecosystems north or south of Cape Blanco, or within versus outside of the biological hotspots. However, we found significant cross shelf differences in parasite communities. Therefore, Cape Blanco does not seem to be a strong faunal boundary, rather the strongest influence is cross-shelf transport associated with coastal upwelling. C1 [Jacobson, Kym C.] NOAA, Newport Field Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baldwin, Rebecca] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Reese, Douglas C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Jacobson, KC (reprint author), NOAA, Newport Field Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kym.jacobson@noaa.gov FU NOAA; National Science Foundation FX We thank the captains and crew of the FV 'Sea Eagle' and FV 'Frosti' for their assistance in conducting the trawling operations for these surveys and the numerous members of the Fish Ecology Division of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Cooperative Institute of Marine Resources Studies staff at Oregon State University that assisted in field sampling and fish necropsies. We also thank a number of internal and journal reviewers for their suggested improvements of this manuscript. Research was conducted as part of the US GLOBEC Northeast Pacific program and was jointly funded by NOAA and the National Science Foundation. This is contribution number 720 of US GLOBEC. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 454 BP 19 EP 36 DI 10.3354/meps09654 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 949VW UT WOS:000304605500002 ER PT J AU Hinke, JT Polito, MJ Reiss, CS Trivelpiece, SG Trivelpiece, WZ AF Hinke, Jefferson T. Polito, Michael J. Reiss, Christian S. Trivelpiece, Susan G. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. TI Flexible reproductive timing can buffer reproductive success of Pygoscelis spp. penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula region SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Phenology; Adelie; Gentoo; Climate change; Migrant ID KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; LAST 50 YEARS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ADELIE PENGUINS; POPULATION-CHANGES; BREEDING SUCCESS; SEA-ICE; GENTOO; KRILL; CONSEQUENCES AB Varying the timing of reproduction in response to local environmental conditions is a key factor influencing reproductive success. We used 19 yr (1991 to 2009) of data on breeding chronology and reproductive success of Adelie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae and gentoo penguins P. papua at King George Island, Antarctica to compare clutch initiation dates (CIDs), hatch rates, and creche rates at population and individual levels. The CIDs of both species occurred earlier with warmer October temperatures, but gentoo penguins adjusted CIDs twice as much per C of temperature as Adelie penguins. Gentoo penguins also exhibited lower variances in hatch and creche rates than Adelie penguins, suggesting that greater ability to respond to ambient conditions can buffer reproductive success. Mixed-effects models revealed that individual-and year-specific random effects on the overall population mean best accounted for observed variation in CIDs, with some individuals routinely breeding earlier than others. However, individual differences in the relative timing of breeding provided no advantage for long-term reproductive success. The results suggest that, among gentoo and Adelie penguins, plasticity in CIDs with respect to environmental conditions is primarily a population-level rather than an individual-level response. Energetic constraints of contrasting migratory and fasting behaviors likely contribute to the different abilities to respond to warming spring temperatures. Overall, larger responses of gentoo penguin CIDs to October temperature and lower variability in reproductive success, despite reduced reproductive success with delayed breeding, suggests that gentoo penguins are better equipped than Adelie penguins to adjust to rapid warming in the Antarctic Peninsula ecosystem. C1 [Hinke, Jefferson T.; Reiss, Christian S.; Trivelpiece, Susan G.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hinke, Jefferson T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Polito, Michael J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Hinke, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jefferson.hinke@noaa.gov RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012 OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1016936]; Pew Charitable Trusts FX We thank the numerous researchers who have collected the long-term data sets used here. Data on monthly meteorology were obtained from the Russian Federation National Antarctic Data Center (NADC) at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI). We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF; grant #1016936) and the Lenfest Oceans Program of the Pew Charitable Trusts. Comments from M. Goebel, D. Kinzey, G. Kooyman, H. Lynch, G. Watters, and anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 43 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 454 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.3354/meps09633 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 949VW UT WOS:000304605500008 ER PT J AU Lynch, HJ Fagan, WF Naveen, R Trivelpiece, SG Trivelpiece, WZ AF Lynch, Heather J. Fagan, William F. Naveen, Ron Trivelpiece, Susan G. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. TI Differential advancement of breeding phenology in response to climate may alter staggered breeding among sympatric pygoscelid penguins SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Breeding phenology; Climate change; Pygoscelid; Breeding asynchrony; Adelie penguin; Chinstrap penguin; Gentoo penguin; Interannual variability ID WESTERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; WILD BIRD POPULATION; NEST-SITE COMPETITION; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ADELIE PENGUINS; URIA-AALGE; ECOLOGICAL SEGREGATION; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB Numerous studies link climate change with advancing breeding phenology in birds, but less frequently considered are the joint impacts on sympatrically breeding communities of birds. We used data on clutch initiation dates (CID) from 4 sites along the Western Antarctic Peninsula for 3 congeneric and sympatrically breeding penguin species (Adelie Pygoscelis adeliae, gentoo P. papua and chinstrap P. antarcticus) to understand what factors correlate with the phenology and synchrony of breeding and how these factors might change with the recent warming experienced in this region. We found that clutch initiation was most significantly correlated with October air temperatures such that all 3 species advanced clutch initiation to varying degrees in warmer years. Gentoo penguins were able to advance CID almost twice as much (3.2 d degrees C-1) as Adelie (1.7 d degrees C-1) and chinstrap penguins (1.8 d degrees C-1). Beyond the variation explained by mean October temperatures, there was an unexplained trend to earlier clutch initiation of 0.15 +/- 0.05 d yr(-1). Greater plasticity in gentoo breeding phenology compressed the mean interval between Adelie and gentoo breeding in warm years and this may increase competition for nesting space in mixed colonies. Our results suggest that differential responses in breeding phenology to changing temperatures represent an additional mechanism by which climate change may affect competitive interactions and, consequently, pygoscelid penguins on the Antarctic Peninsula. C1 [Lynch, Heather J.; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Naveen, Ron] Oceanites Inc, Chevy Chase, MD 20825 USA. [Trivelpiece, Susan G.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SWFSC, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Lynch, HJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM hlynch@life.bio.sunysb.edu FU US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [NSF/OPP-0739515] FX H.J.L., W. F. F. and R.N. gratefully acknowledge assistance from the US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (award no. NSF/OPP-0739515). Data from the Palmer LTER data archive were supported by Office of Polar Programs, NSF/OPP-9011927, NSF/OPP-9632763 and NSF/OPP-0217282. NR 78 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 41 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 454 BP 135 EP + DI 10.3354/meps09252 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 949VW UT WOS:000304605500011 ER PT J AU Ballihaut, G Kilpatrick, LE Kilpatrick, EL Davis, WC AF Ballihaut, Guillaume Kilpatrick, Lisa E. Kilpatrick, Eric L. Davis, W. Clay TI Multiple forms of selenoprotein P in a candidate human plasma standard reference material SO METALLOMICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; SELENIUM; PROTEIN; SERUM; UGA AB Selenoprotein P (SePP) is a unique selenium-containing protein responsible for the transport and distribution of the essential trace element selenium (Se) through the human body with the concentration of SePP in human blood representing the most useful marker of Se nutritional status. Although SePP has been extensively studied, the structure of SePP in human plasma remains unresolved. Two potential isoforms of SePP have been identified by Western blot analyses distinguished principally by differences in migration (51 kDa and 61 kDa). The biological relevance of the smaller isoform has been called into question by several studies reporting only one major SePP form (69 kDa) suggesting that the shorter 51 kDa is an artifact of protease activity during the SePP purification process. A deficiency of these Western blot analyses is that no information can be gleaned regarding the Se content of the potential isoforms. This study reports a characterization of SePP isoforms in a human plasma Standard Reference Material representative of a healthy US population. Following immunoprecipitation, three SePP isoforms were unequivocally identified at 45 kDa, 49 kDa and 57 kDa (termed as SePP45, SePP49 and SePP57) by LC-MS/MS analyses from a spectral searching approach. Selenium (Se) was detected by gel electrophoresis LA-ICP-MS in SePP49 and SePP57 which was confirmed by the identification of three selenopeptides covering the SePP sequence from residues 312-346 by LC-MS/MS analyses utilizing a sequence searching approach. Conversely, neither Se nor peptides covering SePP sequence from residues 306-346 was identified in SePP45 which suggests that SePP45 is a truncated isoform transcriptionally terminated at the 2nd in-frame UGA codon thereby terminating the protein with the Ser residue at position 299. An additional band at 23 kDa was found to contain Se but no peptides of SePP. Instead, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) was unequivocally identified within the band presumably being co-immunoprecipitated with the SePP providing preliminary evidence that SePP and GPx3 interaction may take place in vivo. C1 [Ballihaut, Guillaume; Davis, W. Clay] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kilpatrick, Lisa E.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kilpatrick, Eric L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ballihaut, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM guillaume.ballihaut@noaa.gov FU NIST-ARRA through the University of Maryland FX This research was supported in part by a NIST-ARRA post-doctoral fellowship through the University of Maryland granted to GB. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1756-5901 J9 METALLOMICS JI Metallomics PY 2012 VL 4 IS 6 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1039/c2mt20059g PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 950OU UT WOS:000304659400001 PM 22552441 ER PT J AU Dong, S Striegel, AM AF Dong, Shen Striegel, Andre M. TI MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF THE SEQUENCE LENGTH AND JUNCTION POINT DISTRIBUTIONS IN RANDOM COPOLYMERS OBEYING BERNOULLIAN STATISTICS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Copolymers; Junction point distribution; Monte Carlo simulation; Sequence length distribution ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION DISTRIBUTION; SOLUTION CONFORMATION; INHOMOGENEITY; CHAINS AB The sequence length and junction point distributions (SLD and JPD, respectively) in random copolymers influence processing and end-use properties such as thermal transitions, chain conformation, and elastic properties. There are currently no experimental methods to determine SLD. As such, information on this type of distribution can be accessed, at present, only through models and simulations. Here, we present the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the SLD and the JPD of generic AB random copolymers with Bernoullian distributions of interest and with individually varying chain length (degree of polymerization) and monomer ratio. Results from the simulations show, among other things, the development of bimodality in the SLD of a particular monomer as a function of increasing percent of that monomer in the copolymer and the development of JPD as a function of varying monomer ratios, and that, in select cases, the JPD based on an even number of junction points is much larger than the corresponding distribution based on an odd number of junction points. The results presented should help guide the design and optimization of "interactive'' macromolecular separation methods capable of determining the SLD and JPD of random copolymers. C1 [Dong, Shen] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Striegel, Andre M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-666X J9 INT J POLYM ANAL CH JI Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. PY 2012 VL 17 IS 4 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1080/1023666X.2012.653100 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 945KX UT WOS:000304273500001 ER PT S AU Arceo, A Bunday, B Vartanian, V Attota, R AF Arceo, Abraham Bunday, Benjamin Vartanian, Victor Attota, Ravikiran BE Starikov, A TI Patterned Defect & CD Metrology by TSOM Beyond the 22 nm Node SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI CY FEB 13-16, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE TSOM; Through-focus scanning optical microscopy; defect inspection; metrology; FinFET; double patterning; CD; critical dimension; metrology; optical microscopy AB Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is a novel method [1-8] that allows conventional optical microscopes to collect dimensional information down to the nanometer level by combining 2D optical images captured at several through-focus positions, transforming conventional optical microscopes into truly 3D metrology tools for nanoscale to microscale dimensional analysis with nanometer scale sensitivity. Although not a resolution enhancement method, it has been shown to provide lateral and vertical measurement sensitivity of less than a nanometer [5], comparable to the dimensional measurement sensitivity of other critical dimension (CD) metrology tools. The technique is capable of measuring features far beyond the theoretical resolution limits of optical microscopy, because it can capture much richer data at many z-heights (i.e., through focus). Additionally, TSOM appears to decouple the measurement of profile dimensional changes at the nanoscale, such as small perturbations in sidewall angle and height, with little or no ambiguity, and may be able to analyze target dimensions ranging from as small as 10 nm up to many microns with similar nanometer-scale sensitivity. Furthermore, previous simulation and experimental work has shown this method to be applicable to a variety of target materials and structures, such as nanoparticles, semiconductor memory features, and buried structures under transparent films. Additionally, this relatively simple technique is inexpensive and has high throughput, making it attractive for a variety of semiconductor metrology applications, such as CD, photomask, overlay, and defect metrologies [8]. In-line defect metrology is continuously challenged by the aggressive pace of device scaling. It is expected that the conventional brightfield techniques currently used in semiconductor manufacturing will not be able to meet defect inspection requirements near the 11 nm node. Electron beam-based inspection is able to meet resolution limits well below the 11 nm node, but operates at a significantly lower throughput. It has therefore become necessary to explore alternative approaches that have the potential to meet both resolution and throughput requirements. This work will present TSOM results of simulations and supporting experiments to demonstrate the metrology application of TSOM to features at the ITRS 22 nm node [9], including measurement of linewidths down to 10 nm, showing the ability to measure changes in line height, sidewall angle, and pitch variations. By extension, these results will show the feasibility of applying TSOM to important contemporary metrology problems in measuring doublep-atterned features and FinFETs. Additionally, we will theoretically explore the use of TSOM to inspect defects on gatelevel arrays with different CDs down to 15 nm. This theoretical work consisted of modeling the optical response of cross-sectional perturbations and several patterned defect types and sizes using illumination wavelengths ranging from visible to deep ultraviolet (DUV) under different illumination polarizations. The results indicate that TSOM may be able to detect small CD and profile changes in fins of FinFET structures as well as defects that currently challenge conventional brightfield optical methods. The simulation results also indicate an added advantage of the TSOM method to differentiate certain types of defects and their orientations by exhibiting different optical intensity patterns. These results will provide insight into the feasibility of TSOM for CD and yield enhancement metrology. C1 [Arceo, Abraham; Bunday, Benjamin; Vartanian, Victor] SEMATECH Adv Metrol Div, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8980-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8324 AR 83240E DI 10.1117/12.917236 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAI77 UT WOS:000304299900013 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Sohn, YJ Goasmat, F Zhou, H Silver, RM Arceo, A AF Barnes, Bryan M. Sohn, Yeung-Joon Goasmat, Francois Zhou, Hui Silver, Richard M. Arceo, Abraham BE Starikov, A TI Scatterfield microscopy of 22 nm node patterned defects using visible and DUV light SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI CY FEB 13-16, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE Defect detection; scatterfield optical microscopy; illumination optimization; bright-field microscopy; dark-field microscopy AB Smaller patterning dimensions and novel architectures are fostering research into improved methods of defect detection in semiconductor device manufacturing. This experimental study, augmented with simulation, evaluates scatterfield microscopy to enhance defect detectability on two separate 22 nm node intentional defect array wafers. Reducing the illumination wavelength nominally delivers direct improvements to detectability. Precise control of the focus position is also critical for maximizing the defect signal. Engineering of the illumination linear polarization and incident angle are shown to optimize the detection of certain highly directional defects. Scanning electron microscopy verifies that sub 15 nm defects can be measured experimentally using 193 nm wavelength light. Techniques are discussed for taking advantage of the complexities inherent in the scattering of highly directional defects within unidirectional patterning. Although no one single set of parameters can be optimized to detect all defects equally, source optimization is shown to be a realistic path towards improved sensitivity. C1 [Barnes, Bryan M.; Sohn, Yeung-Joon; Goasmat, Francois; Zhou, Hui; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.barnes@nist.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8980-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8324 AR 83240F DI 10.1117/12.917286 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAI77 UT WOS:000304299900014 ER PT S AU Cepler, AJ Bunday, B Thiel, BL Villarrubia, JS AF Cepler, Aron J. Bunday, Benjamin Thiel, Bradley L. Villarrubia, John S. BE Starikov, A TI Scanning electron microscopy imaging of ultra-high aspect ratio hole features SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI CY FEB 13-16, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE CD-Metrology; 3D Memory; CD-SEM; contact holes; HAR features ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON; YIELD AB In-line, non-destructive process control metrology of high aspect ratio (HAR) holes and trenches has long been a known gap in metrology. Imaging the bottoms of at-node size contact holes in oxide with aspect rations beyond 10: 1 has not yet been demonstrated. Nevertheless, holes and trenches of 30: 1, 40: 1, or even 60: 1 will soon enter production, with these etches being applied to various homogeneous and multi-layer stacks of Si and SiO2. The need comes from Moore's Law and increasing functional density on microchips, on which true 3D memory devices will soon be manufactured. These can take many different forms, but a common building block will be these ultra-HAR etched features. In this work, we show experimental results and simulations from the NIST JMONSEL program to assess the feasibility of measuring such features using both conventional low voltage scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and higher beam energies and low vacuum conditions to ameliorate charging. In our measurements, higher voltage SEM did not improve upon conventional critical dimension (CD)-SEM. Simulations suggest the reason is a failure to overcome a negative oxide potential. Although a signal can in principle be detected from the bottom of contact holes in typical imaging conditions in the CD-SEM, it is likely that it will be very small and possibly below the noise floor. C1 [Cepler, Aron J.; Bunday, Benjamin; Thiel, Bradley L.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Cepler, Aron J.; Thiel, Bradley L.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, 1535 Western Ave, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Villarrubia, John S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimesional Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cepler, AJ (reprint author), SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8980-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8324 AR UNSP 83241N DI 10.1117/12.916552 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAI77 UT WOS:000304299900055 ER PT S AU Damazo, B Attota, R Kavuri, P Vladar, AE AF Damazo, Bradley Attota, Ravikiran Kavuri, Purushotham Vladar, Andras E. BE Starikov, A TI Nanoparticle Size and Shape Evaluation Using the TSOM Method SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI CY FEB 13-16, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE TSOM; optical microscope; through-focus; nanoparticles; nanometrology AB A novel through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) method that yields nanoscale information from optical images obtained at multiple focal planes will be used here for nanoparticle dimensional analysis. The TSOM method can distinguish not only size differences but also shape differences among nanoparticles. Size evaluation based on simulations will be presented along with experimental data for nanoparticles and nanodots with sizes below 100 nm. Size determination using an experimentally created library will also be presented. C1 [Damazo, Bradley; Attota, Ravikiran; Kavuri, Purushotham; Vladar, Andras E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8980-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8324 AR 832436 DI 10.1117/12.918263 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAI77 UT WOS:000304299900103 ER PT S AU Orji, NG Dixson, RG Vladar, AE Ming, B Postek, MT AF Orji, Ndubuisi G. Dixson, Ronald G. Vladar, Andras E. Ming, Bin Postek, Michael T. BE Starikov, A TI Contour Metrology using Critical Dimension Atomic Force Microscopy SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI CY FEB 13-16, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE contour metrology; critical dimension atomic force microscope; scanning electron microscope; helium ion microscope ID LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENTS AB The critical dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM), which is used as a reference instrument in lithography metrology, has been proposed as a complementary instrument for contour measurement and verification. Although data from CD-AFM is inherently three dimensional, the planar two-dimensional data required for contour metrology is not easily extracted from the top-down CD-AFM data. This is largely due to the limitations of the CD-AFM method for controlling the tip position and scanning. We describe scanning techniques and profile extraction methods to obtain contours from CD-AFM data. We also describe how we validated our technique, and explain some of its limitations. Potential sources of error for this approach are described, and a rigorous uncertainty model is presented. Our objective is to show which data acquisition and analysis methods could yield optimum contour information while preserving some of the strengths of CD-AFM metrology. We present comparison of contours extracted using our technique to those obtained from the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the helium ion microscope (HIM). C1 [Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Dixson, Ronald G.; Vladar, Andras E.; Ming, Bin; Postek, Michael T.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, PML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, PML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8980-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8324 AR 83240U DI 10.1117/12.918056 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAI77 UT WOS:000304299900028 ER PT S AU Silver, RM Qin, J Barnes, BM Zhou, H Dixson, R Goasmat, F AF Silver, Richard M. Qin, Jing Barnes, Bryan M. Zhou, Hui Dixson, Ronald Goasmat, Francois BE Starikov, A TI Phase sensitive parametric optical metrology: Exploring the limits of 3-dimensional optical metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI CY FEB 13-16, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE Optical metrology; electromagnetic simulation; evaluate sensitivities and uncertainties; phase sensitive measurements; through-focus three-dimensional field AB There has been much recent work in developing advanced optical metrology applications that use imaging optics for critical dimension measurements, defect detection and for potential use with in-die metrology. Sensitivity to nanometer scale changes has been observed when measuring critical dimensions of sub-wavelength features or when imaging defects below 20 nm using angle-resolved and focus-resolved optical data. However, these methods inherently involve complex imaging optics and analysis of complicated three-dimensional electromagnetic fields. This paper will develop a new approach to enable the rigorous analysis of three-dimensional through-focus optical images. We use rigorous electromagnetic simulation tools and statistical methods to evaluate sensitivities and uncertainties in the measurement of three dimensional layouts encountered in critical dimension, contour metrology and defect inspection. C1 [Silver, Richard M.; Qin, Jing; Barnes, Bryan M.; Zhou, Hui; Dixson, Ronald; Goasmat, Francois] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8980-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8324 AR 83240N DI 10.1117/12.916988 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAI77 UT WOS:000304299900022 ER PT S AU Ukraintsev, VA Orji, NG Vorburger, TV Dixson, RG Fu, J Silver, RM AF Ukraintsev, V. A. Orji, N. G. Vorburger, T. V. Dixson, R. G. Fu, J. Silver, R. M. BE Starikov, A TI On CD-AFM bias related to probe bending SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI CY FEB 13-16, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE CD-AFM; reference metrology; accuracy; measurement bias; probe bending; van der Waals-London; CNT ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CARBON-NANOTUBE; METROLOGY AB Critical Dimension AFM (CD-AFM) is a widely used reference metrology. To characterize modern semiconductor devices, very small and flexible probes, often 15 nm to 20 nm in diameter, are now frequently used. Several recent publications have reported on uncontrolled and significant probe-to-probe bias variation during linewidth and sidewall angle measurements [1,2]. Results obtained in this work suggest that probe bending can be on the order of several nanometers and thus potentially can explain much of the observed CD-AFM probe-to-probe bias variation. We have developed and experimentally tested one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) models to describe the bending of cylindrical probes. An earlier 1D bending model reported by Watanabe et al. [3] was refined. Contributions from several new phenomena were considered, including: probe misalignment, diameter variation near the carbon nanotube tip (CNT) apex, probe bending before snapping, distributed van der Waals-London force, etc. The methodology for extraction of the Hamaker probe-surface interaction energy from experimental probe bending data was developed. To overcome limitations of the 1D model, a new 2D distributed force (DF) model was developed. Comparison of the new model with the 1D single point force (SPF) model revealed about 27 % difference in probe bending bias between the two. A simple linear relation between biases predicted by the 1D SPF and 2D DF models was found. This finding simplifies use of the advanced 2D DF model of probe bending in various CD-AFM applications. New 2D and three-dimensional (3D) CD-AFM data analysis software is needed to take full advantage of the new bias correction modeling capabilities. C1 [Ukraintsev, V. A.; Orji, N. G.; Vorburger, T. V.; Dixson, R. G.; Fu, J.; Silver, R. M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ukraintsev, VA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ukraintsev@nanometrology.net NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8980-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8324 AR 83240V DI 10.1117/12.916737 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAI77 UT WOS:000304299900029 ER PT S AU Vladar, AE Cizmar, P Villarrubia, JS Postek, MT AF Vladar, Andras E. Cizmar, Petr Villarrubia, John S. Postek, Michael T. BE Starikov, A TI Can We Get 3D CD Metrology Right? SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI CY FEB 13-16, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE three dimensional; 3D; contour metrology; critical dimension; atomic force; scanning electron microscope; AFM; SEM AB Our world is three-dimensional, and so are the integrated circuits (ICs), they have always been. In the past, for a long time, we have been very fortunate, because it was enough to measure a simple critical dimension (CD), the width of the resist line, to keep IC production under acceptable control. This requirement has changed in the last few years to contour and now to three-dimensional measurements. Optical lithography is printing photoresist features that are significantly smaller than the wavelength of the light used, and therefore it is indispensable to use optical proximity correction (OPC) methods. This includes modeling and compensation for various errors in the lithography process down to sub-nanometer, essentially atomic levels. The process has to rely on sophisticated and complex simulations and on accurate and highly repeatable dimensional metrology. The necessary dimensional metrology is beyond the conventional one-dimensional line width measurements, and must include two - and three-dimensional measurements of the contours and shapes of structures. Contour metrology needs accurate and highly repeatable measurements on sets and individual OPC structures, for which the critical dimension measurement scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) is the key metrology tool. Three-dimensional (3D) metrology is now indispensable for IC technology, but current metrology tools and methods cannot fulfill the requirements. We believe that with the implementation of new methods it is feasible to develop 3D metrology that will well serve IC production, even on structures in the few nanometer-size range. C1 [Vladar, Andras E.; Cizmar, Petr; Villarrubia, John S.; Postek, Michael T.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vladar, AE (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8980-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8324 AR 832402 DI 10.1117/12.916537 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BAI77 UT WOS:000304299900001 ER PT J AU Forrey, C Douglas, JF Gilson, MK AF Forrey, Christopher Douglas, Jack F. Gilson, Michael K. TI The fundamental role of flexibility on the strength of molecular binding SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; INDUCED-FIT; PROTEIN FLEXIBILITY; LIGAND-BINDING; NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS; CONFORMATIONAL ENTROPY; SEMIFLEXIBLE POLYMERS; DISORDERED PROTEINS; CHAIN STIFFNESS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM AB Non-covalent molecular association underlies a diverse set of biologically and technologically relevant phenomena, including the action of drugs on their biomolecular targets and self- and supra-molecular assembly processes. Computer models employed to model binding frequently use interaction potentials with atomistic detail while neglecting the thermal molecular motions of the binding species. However, errors introduced by this simplification and, more broadly, the thermodynamic consequences of molecular flexibility on binding, are little understood. Here, we isolate the fundamental relationship of molecular flexibility to binding thermodynamics via simulations of simplified molecules with a wide range of flexibilities, but the same interaction potential. Disregarding molecular motion is found to generate large errors in binding entropy, enthalpy and free energy, even for molecules that are nearly rigid. Indeed, small decreases in rigidity markedly reduce affinity for highly rigid molecules. Remarkably, precisely the opposite trend occurs for more flexible molecules, for which increasing flexibility leads to stronger binding affinity. We also find that differences in flexibility suffice to generate binding specificity: for example, a planar surface selectively binds rigid over flexible molecules. Intriguingly, varying molecular flexibility while keeping interaction potentials constant leads to near-linear enthalpy-entropy compensation over a wide range of flexibilities, with the unexpected twist that increasing flexibility produces opposite changes in entropy and enthalpy for molecules in the flexible versus the rigid regime. Molecular flexibility is thus a crucial determinant of binding affinity and specificity and variations in flexibility can lead to strong yet non-intuitive consequences. C1 [Forrey, Christopher] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilson, Michael K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Forrey, C (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM christopher.forrey@fda.hhs.gov FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [GM61300] FX This work was initiated at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and completed at the Center for Devices and Radiological Health at the FDA. We thank the Division of Electrical and Software Engineering (FDA) for use of the high performance computing facilities and the Division of Imaging and Applied Mathematics (FDA) for computational time. We also thank the Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science at NIST for computational time. This publication was made possible in part by grant no. GM61300 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 23 BP 6385 EP 6392 DI 10.1039/c2sm25160d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 945XG UT WOS:000304309300024 PM 22707976 ER PT J AU Hoef, JMV AF Hoef, Jay M. Ver TI Practical considerations for experimental designs of spatially autocorrelated data using computer intensive methods SO STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geostatistics; Optimal design; Autoregressive models; Stochastic process; A-optimality ID ALGORITHM AB Classical experimental design depends upon randomization of treatment applications. However, if data come from a spatially autocorrelated random process, it is possible to find specific designs that are much better. For example, it is possible to find universally optimum complete block designs that are optimal for a spatial process where the variables are independent among blocks but within blocks follow an autoregressive second order process. The problem with these designs is that they are only possible for certain combinations of plots, blocks, and treatments, and the optimality criteria is based on a particular set of contrasts. In this paper, I use methods based on simple genetic algorithms with simulating annealing to find good experimental designs for any combination of plots, blocks, treatments, and any set of contrasts. The computer intensive methods find optimal designs equivalent to universally optimum complete block design for certain sets of contrasts, and they find better designs for other sets of contrasts. The computer intensive methods are much better than randomized designs. I show a real example for a 2 x 3 factorial experiment where shade and water treatments were applied to examine their effects on caribou forage quality, where I also examine the robustness of the design. General guidelines are discussed on using computer intensive methods to find near-optimal designs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoef, JMV (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, POB 757345, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jay.verhoef@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU National Marine Fisheries Service of NOAA; Division of Wildlife Conservation of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX This project received financial support from the National Marine Fisheries Service of NOAA and the Division of Wildlife Conservation of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3127 J9 STAT METHODOL JI Stat. Methodol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 172 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.stamet.2011.04.005 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 946HK UT WOS:000304341900015 ER PT J AU Lemos, RT Sanso, B AF Lemos, Ricardo T. Sanso, Bruno TI Conditionally linear models for non-homogeneous spatial random fields SO STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spatial random fields; Spatial interpolation; Bayesian inference ID COVARIANCE STRUCTURE; SPATIOTEMPORAL DATA; GAUSSIAN-PROCESSES; DATA SETS; DATASETS; LIKELIHOOD AB We consider parsimonious representations of non-homogeneous spatial random fields. We focus on processes that can be represented as linear combinations of basis functions. As the basis functions are allowed to depend on unknown parameters, we identify such models with conditionally linear processes. We present a detailed description of an approach that uses discrete process convolutions with spatially varying, compactly supported kernels. We discuss the similarities and differences between this approach and the predictive Gaussian process approach. We also discuss the problem of obtaining decompositions of a spatial random field, as well as spatio-temporal extensions of our spatial models. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanso, Bruno] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lemos, Ricardo T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Sanso, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, 1156 High St,MS SOE2, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM rtl@net.sapo.pt; bruno@ams.ucsc.edu RI Silva Tavares de Lemos, Ricardo/D-6703-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0906765] FX Bruno Sanso was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS-0906765. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3127 EI 1878-0954 J9 STAT METHODOL JI Stat. Methodol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.stamet.2011.02.001 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 946HK UT WOS:000304341900023 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Kline, SR Wycoff, WG Paul, RL Mossine, AV Deakyne, CA Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Kline, Steven R. Wycoff, Wei G. Paul, Rick L. Mossine, Andrew V. Deakyne, Carol A. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Solution-Phase Structures of Gallium-Containing Pyrogallol[4]arene Scaffolds SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE gallium; pyrogallol[4]arene; small-angle neutron scattering; supramolecular chemistry; toroids ID METAL-COORDINATED CAPSULES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ORGANIC NANOCAPSULES; DIFFUSION NMR; RESORCINARENE; NANOTUBES; ROBUST C1 [Kumari, Harshita; Wycoff, Wei G.; Mossine, Andrew V.; Deakyne, Carol A.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Deakyne, CA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM deakynec@missouri.edu; atwoodj@missouri.edu FU NSF [DMR-0944772, CHE-89-08304]; NIBIB [T21 EB004822]; NIH/NCRR [S10 RR022341-01] FX We thank NSF for support of this work (J.L.A.). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 (S.R.K.), NIBIB training grant T21 EB004822 (A.V.M.), NSF grant CHE-89-08304, NIH/NCRR S10 RR022341-01 (Cold probe) for NMR. Certain trade names and company products are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products are necessarily best for the purpose. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 21 BP 5086 EP 5091 DI 10.1002/anie.201200209 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 942LG UT WOS:000304044900007 PM 22511521 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, A Wang, Y Laszlo, I Korkin, S AF Lyapustin, A. Wang, Y. Laszlo, I. Korkin, S. TI Improved cloud and snow screening in MAIAC aerosol retrievals using spectral and spatial analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LAND; REGION AB An improved cloud/snow screening technique in the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm is described. It is implemented as part of MAIAC aerosol retrievals based on analysis of spectral residuals and spatial variability. Comparisons with AERONET aerosol observations and a large-scale MODIS data analysis show strong suppression of aerosol optical thickness outliers due to unresolved clouds and snow. At the same time, the developed filter does not reduce the aerosol retrieval capability at high 1 km resolution in strongly inhomogeneous environments, such as near centers of the active fires. Despite significant improvement, the optical depth outliers in high spatial resolution data are and will remain the problem to be addressed by the application-dependent specialized filtering techniques. C1 [Lyapustin, A.] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Y.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Laszlo, I.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Korkin, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU NASA; NOAA GOES-R FX The research of A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang and S. Korkin was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (D. Wickland), NASA Applications Program (L. Friedl, B. Doorn) and in part by the NOAA GOES-R program (M. Goldberg). The work of I. Laszlo is supported by the NOAA GOES-R program. We are grateful to AERONET team for providing data. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.5194/amt-5-843-2012 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942OY UT WOS:000304056200010 ER PT J AU Chen, H Winderlich, J Gerbig, C Katrynski, K Jordan, A Heimann, M AF Chen, H. Winderlich, J. Gerbig, C. Katrynski, K. Jordan, A. Heimann, M. TI Validation of routine continuous airborne CO2 observations near the Bialystok Tall Tower SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GREENHOUSE GASES; TRANSPORT MODELS; CENTRAL SIBERIA; AIR SAMPLES; AIRCRAFT; SINKS AB Since 2002 in situ airborne measurements of atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios have been performed regularly aboard a rental aircraft near Bialystok (53A degrees 08A ' N, 23A degrees 09A ' E), a city in northeastern Poland. Since August 2008, the in situ CO2 measurements have been made by a modified commercially available and fully automated non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer system. The response of the analyzer has been characterized and the CO2 mixing ratio stability of the associated calibration system has been fully tested, which results in an optimal calibration strategy and allows for an accuracy of the CO2 measurements within 0.2 ppm. Besides the in situ measurements, air samples have been collected in glass flasks and analyzed in the laboratory for CO2 and other trace gases. To validate the in situ CO2 measurements against reliable discrete flask measurements, we developed weighting functions that mimic the temporal averaging of the flask sampling process. Comparisons between in situ and flask CO2 measurements demonstrate that these weighting functions can compensate for atmospheric variability, and provide an effective method for validating airborne in situ CO2 measurements. In addition, we show the nine-year records of flask CO2 measurements. The new system, automated since August 2008, has eliminated the need for manual in-flight calibrations, and thus enables an additional vertical profile, 20 km away, to be sampled at no additional cost in terms of flight hours. This sampling strategy provides an opportunity to investigate both temporal and spatial variability on a regular basis. C1 [Chen, H.; Winderlich, J.; Gerbig, C.; Jordan, A.; Heimann, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Katrynski, K.] AeroMeteo Serv, PL-15620 Bialystok, Poland. RP Chen, H (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM huilin.chen@noaa.gov RI Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013 OI Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603 FU European Commission through the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS); CarboEurope; Max Planck Society FX The authors are grateful for the ongoing collaboration with the flight club in Bialystok (Aeroklub Bialostocki), Poland. We thank Olaf Kolle, Karl Kuebler, Frank Voigt, Reimo Leppert, and the flight club in Jena, Germany, for supporting the field tests with the CO2 analyzer. We would also like to give our thanks to Michal Ciborowski for his technical assistance, to Michael Rothe and Willi A. Brand for providing flask analysis results for isotopic ratios of delta13C and delta18O in CO2, and to Emily Wheeler for her assistance in editing the manuscript. This work was supported by the European Commission through the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) Design Study, an FP6 project. Funding for the regular flights in Bialystok was provided by CarboEurope and the Max Planck Society. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 873 EP 889 DI 10.5194/amt-5-873-2012 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942OY UT WOS:000304056200012 ER PT J AU Song, Z Qiao, F Lei, X Wang, C AF Song, Z. Qiao, F. Lei, X. Wang, C. TI Influence of parallel computational uncertainty on simulations of the Coupled General Climate Model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM MODEL AB This paper investigates the impact of the parallel computational uncertainty due to the round-off error on climate simulations using the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3). A series of sensitivity experiments have been conducted and the analyses are focused on the Global and Nino3.4 average sea surface temperatures (SST). For the monthly time series, it is shown that the amplitude of the deviation induced by the parallel computational uncertainty is the same order as that of the climate system change. However, the ensemble mean method can reduce the influence and the ensemble member number of 15 is enough to ignore the uncertainty. For climatology, the influence can be ignored when the climatological mean is calculated by using more than 30-yr simulations. It is also found that the parallel computational uncertainty has no distinguishable effect on power spectrum analysis of climate variability such as ENSO. Finally, it is suggested that the influence of the parallel computational uncertainty on Coupled General Climate Models (CGCMs) can be a quality standard or a metric for developing CGCMs. C1 [Song, Z.; Qiao, F.; Lei, X.] SOA, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Song, Z.] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Wang, C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Qiao, F (reprint author), SOA, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao, Peoples R China. EM qiaofl@fio.org.cn RI Song, Zhenya/F-9819-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Song, Zhenya/0000-0002-8098-5529; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB950500]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40730842, 40906018]; Key Supercomputing Science-Technology Project of Shandong Province of China [2011YD01107] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) through grant 2010CB950500, the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China through grant 40730842, the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China through grant 40906018 and the Key Supercomputing Science-Technology Project of Shandong Province of China through grant 2011YD01107. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.5194/gmd-5-313-2012 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 942QD UT WOS:000304060600004 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Cai, JF Wu, H He, YB Chen, BL Qian, GD AF Huang, Qian Cai, Jianfeng Wu, Hui He, Yabing Chen, Banglin Qian, Guodong TI A robust microporous metal-organic framework constructed from a flexible organic linker for highly selective sorption of methanol over ethanol and water SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFINITE POLYMERIC FRAMEWORKS; RATIONALLY TUNED MICROPORES; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; COORDINATION POLYMER; KINETIC SEPARATION; SMALL MOLECULES; GAS-ADSORPTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CO2 UPTAKE AB A microporous metal-organic framework MOF 1 [Zn(L)(2)(methanol)(2)] (H2L (1R, 3S)-1,2,2-trimethyl- 3-(pyridin-4-ylcarbamoyl) cyclopentanecarboxylic acid) constructed from a flexible Zn2+ node and a flexible organic linker L was obtained by solvothermal reaction of diamond topology, and exhibits highly selective sorption of methanol over ethanol and water. C1 [Huang, Qian; Cai, Jianfeng; Chen, Banglin; Qian, Guodong] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [He, Yabing; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, UTSA Circle 1, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM banglin.chen@utsa.edu; gdqian@zju.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; Qian, Guodong/A-5034-2012; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115 FU PCSIRT; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50625206, 50928201, 50972127, 51010002]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX We are grateful for financial support for this work from PCSIRT, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50625206, 50928201, 50972127 and 51010002). This work was also partially supported by an Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC). NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 57 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 20 BP 10352 EP 10355 DI 10.1039/c2jm15604k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 934KF UT WOS:000303442300033 ER PT J AU Cope, JM Haltuch, MA AF Cope, Jason M. Haltuch, Melissa A. TI Temporal and spatial summer groundfish assemblages in trawlable habitat off the west coast of the USA, 1977 to 2009 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Cluster analysis; Fisheries management; Multispecies interactions; Catch-per-unit-effort; Marine ecosystems ID POPULATION BIOLOGY; MARINE-FISHERIES; UPPER SLOPE; OREGON; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT; SHELF; FISH; CONSERVATION; STRATEGY AB Increasingly, multispecies interactions are being considered by US management councils during decision making, which highlights the need for identification of fish assemblages across varying spatial and temporal resolutions. On the US West Coast, previous groundfish assemblage analyses have focused either on particular species groups (i.e. Sebastes) or limited time frames and/or geographic regions within the groundfish fishery. The present study expands on previous work to identify groundfish assemblages across the full spatial extent of the West Coast groundfish fishery from 1977-2009, by using 2 fishery-independent trawl surveys. Species assemblages were identified using 2 clustering methods (partitioning analysis and hierarchical analysis) and 2 realizations of the data (presence-absence and log+1 transformed catch-per-unit-effort, CPUE). The analysis using presence-absence data provides information on species that co-occur while the CPUE data provides information on species that occur at similar magnitudes. Temporally and spatially persistent assemblages were detected by both clustering methods through most years. Assemblages identified using CPUE were often subsets of those identified using presence-absence, indicating that the members of an assemblage may occur together, but not necessarily at the same magnitude, a result that should be considered when choosing the clustering metric. Identification of species assemblages is applicable to bycatch models and informative when evaluating the implementation of spatial management measures, and thus germane to current challenges faced by marine resource managers. C1 [Cope, Jason M.; Haltuch, Melissa A.] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.cope@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 451 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.3354/meps09595 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 940QL UT WOS:000303908000014 ER PT J AU Najarro, M Morris, MED Staymates, ME Fletcher, R Gillen, G AF Najarro, Marcela Morris, Melissa E. Davila Staymates, Matthew E. Fletcher, Robert Gillen, Greg TI Optimized thermal desorption for improved sensitivity in trace explosives detection by ion mobility spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article AB In this work we evaluate the influence of thermal desorber temperature on the analytical response of a swipe-based thermal desorption ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) for detection of trace explosives. IMS response for several common high explosives ranging from 0.1 ng to 100 ng was measured over a thermal desorber temperature range from 60 degrees C to 280 degrees C. Most of the explosives examined demonstrated a well-defined maximum IMS signal response at a temperature slightly below the melting point. Optimal temperatures, giving the highest IMS peak intensity, were 80 degrees C for trinitrotoluene (TNT), 100 degrees C for pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 160 degrees C for cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and 200 degrees C for cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX). By modifying the desorber temperature, we were able to increase cumulative IMS signal by a factor of 5 for TNT and HMX, and by a factor of 10 for RDX and PETN. Similar signal enhancements were observed for the same compounds formulated as plastic-bonded explosives (Composition 4 (C-4), Detasheet, and Semtex). In addition, mixtures of the explosives exhibited similar enhancements in analyte peak intensities. The increases in sensitivity were obtained at the expense of increased analysis times of up to 20 seconds. A slow sample heating rate as well as slower vapor-phase analyte introduction rate caused by low-temperature desorption enhanced the analytical sensitivity of individual explosives, plastic-bonded explosives, and explosives mixtures by IMS. Several possible mechanisms that can affect IMS signal response were investigated such as thermal degradation of the analytes, ionization efficiency, competitive ionization from background, and aerosol emission. C1 [Najarro, Marcela; Morris, Melissa E. Davila; Staymates, Matthew E.; Fletcher, Robert; Gillen, Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Najarro, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM najarro@nist.gov FU Transportation Security Laboratory, Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The Transportation Security Laboratory, Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this work under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2012 VL 137 IS 11 BP 2614 EP 2622 DI 10.1039/c2an16145a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 938XY UT WOS:000303768100015 PM 22498665 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Elzey, S DelRio, FW Keene, AM Tyner, KM Clogston, JD MacCuspie, RI Guha, S Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Elzey, Sherrie DelRio, Frank W. Keene, Athena M. Tyner, Katherine M. Clogston, Jeffrey D. MacCuspie, Robert I. Guha, Suvajyoti Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Tumor necrosis factor interaction with gold nanoparticles SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; PLASMA-PROTEIN ADSORPTION; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; COLLOIDAL GOLD; SOLID-SURFACES; DRUG-DELIVERY; TNF-ALPHA; POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) AB We report on a systematic investigation of molecular conjugation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) protein onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the subsequent binding behavior to its antibody (anti-TNF). We employ a combination of physical and spectroscopic characterization methods, including electrospray-differential mobility analysis, dynamic light scattering, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The native TNF used in this study exists in the active homotrimer configuration prior to conjugation. After binding to AuNPs, the maximum surface density of TNF is (0.09 +/- 0.02) nm(-2) with a binding constant of 3 x 10(6) (mol L-1)(-1). Dodecyl sulfate ions induce desorption of monomeric TNF from the AuNP surface, indicating a relatively weak intermolecular binding within the AuNP-bound TNF trimers. Anti-TNF binds to both TNF-conjugated and citrate-stabilized AuNPs, showing that non-specific binding is significant. Based on the number of anti-TNF molecules adsorbed, a substantially higher binding affinity was observed for the TNF-conjugated surface. The inclusion of thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG) on the AuNPs inhibits the binding of anti-TNF, and the amount of inhibition is related to the number ratio of surface bound SH-PEG to TNF and the way in which the ligands are introduced. This study highlights the challenges in quantitatively characterizing complex hybrid nanoscale conjugates, and provides insight on TNF-AuNP formation and activity. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Elzey, Sherrie; DelRio, Frank W.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Keene, Athena M.; Tyner, Katherine M.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Clogston, Jeffrey D.] NCI Frederick, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Adv Technol Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research FX The authors acknowledge Anil Patri and Sarah Skoczen of the National Cancer Institute's Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, and Jiwen Zheng at FDA for helpful discussions and for assistance with PAGE measurements. The authors also thank Robert Cook, Sang-Min Lee, Tae Joon Cho, and Lei Zhou at NIST for manuscript review and insightful comments. This research was performed while S. E. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract no. HHSN261200800001E. This project was supported in part by an appointment of AMK to the Research Participation Program at the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 10 BP 3208 EP 3217 DI 10.1039/c2nr30415e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 936QB UT WOS:000303604000033 PM 22481570 ER PT J AU Raborn, SW Gallaway, BJ Cole, JG Gazey, WJ Andrews, KI AF Raborn, Scott W. Gallaway, Benny J. Cole, John G. Gazey, William J. Andrews, Kate I. TI Effects of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) on the Bycatch of Three Small Coastal Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico Penaeid Shrimp Fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PRAWN TRAWL FISHERY; REDUCTION DEVICES; UNITED-STATES; POWER; MODEL; CATCH AB The stock of blacknose sharks Carcharhinus acronotus in the U.S. South Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico is overfished, and according to the 2007 stock assessment conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service overfishing continues to occur. Penaeid shrimp trawl bycatch rates in the Gulf of Mexico were modeled for this species as well as for the Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae and bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo using a combination of research trawl and observer data. Research trawls have never used turtle excluder devices (TEDs), which are expected to exclude larger specimens of blacknose sharks. Most of the observer data that contain blacknose shark occurrences were collected during the pre-TED era when the two data sets tracked one another. Minimum observer data were available for the post-TED period (1990-present). As a consequence, the pre-TED (1972-1989) relationship between observer and research trawl catch per unit effort (CPUE) is driving the observer CPUE estimates from 1990 to the present, a period characterized by increased blacknose shark abundance. We suspected that the increase in predicted observer CPUE in the post-TED era is an artifact of application of the pre-TED observer and research trawl relationship to the post-TED era. This suspicion led us to question whether the bycatch of these species was altered due to the use of TEDs. We used negative binomial regression in a before-after-control-impact setting to test the effects of TEDs on the bycatch rates of these small coastal sharks. The TED effect was found to substantially reduce the bycatch of blacknose sharks (by 94%) and to do so moderately for bonnethead sharks (31%); the results were inconclusive for Atlantic sharpnose sharks. The management implication of our findings is that the existing small coastal shark-penaeid shrimp fishery bycatch model needs to be modified or replaced with a model that explicitly incorporates the potential for a TED effect. C1 [Raborn, Scott W.; Gallaway, Benny J.; Cole, John G.] LGL Ecol Res Associates Inc, Bryan, TX 77801 USA. [Gazey, William J.] Gazey Res, Victoria, BC V8X 4R1, Canada. [Andrews, Kate I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Raborn, SW (reprint author), LGL Ecol Res Associates Inc, 1410 Cavitt Ave, Bryan, TX 77801 USA. EM sraborn@lgl.com NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.678962 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936OY UT WOS:000303601100014 ER PT J AU Ilicak, M Vallis, GK AF Ilicak, Mehmet Vallis, Geoffrey K. TI Simulations and scaling of horizontal convection SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE horizontal convection; sideways convection; meridional overturning circulation; buoyant plume; gravity current; horizontal density gradient ID CIRCULATION; ENERGY; MODEL AB In this paper we describe the results of various numerical simulations of sideways or horizontal convection. Specifically, a two-dimensional Boussinesq fluid is both heated and cooled from its upper surface, but the walls and the bottom of the tank are insulating and have no flux of heat through them. We perform experiments with a range of Rayleigh numbers up to 10(11), obtained by systematically reducing the diffusivity. We also explore the effects of a nonlinear equation of state and of a mechanical force imposed on the top surface at a fixed Rayleigh number. We find that, when there is no mechanical forcing, both the energy dissipation and the strength of the circulation itself monotonically fall with decreasing diffusivity. At Rayleigh numbers greater than 10(10) the flow is unsteady; however, the eddying flow is still much weaker than the steady flow at smaller Rayleigh numbers. At high Rayleigh numbers, the stratification and the mean circulation are increasingly confined to a thin layer at the upper surface, with the layer thickness decreasing according to Ra-1/5. There is no evidence that the flow ever enters a regime that is independent of Rayleigh number. Using a nonlinear equation of state makes little difference to the flow phenomenology at a moderate Rayleigh number. The addition of an imposed stress at the upper surface makes a significant difference in the flow. A strong, energy-dissipating circulation can be maintained even at Ra = 10(9), and the stratification extends more deeply into the fluid than in the unstressed case. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that in the absence of mechanical forcing a fluid that is heated and cooled from above cannot maintain a deep stratification or a strong sustained flow at high Rayleigh numbers, even if the interior flow is unsteady. C1 [Ilicak, Mehmet; Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Princeton Univ, AOS GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ilicak, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM mehmet.ilicak@noaa.gov RI ILICAK, Mehmet/H-2219-2011 OI ILICAK, Mehmet/0000-0002-4777-8835 FU NSF [OCE-1027603]; DOE [DE-SC0005189] FX We thank Andy Hogg for suggesting the experiment with enhanced diffusion near the surface and the anonymous reviewers for their comments. This work was supported by NSF award OCE-1027603 and DOE award DE-SC0005189. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2012 VL 64 AR 18377 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18377 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 942JA UT WOS:000304039000001 ER PT J AU Mongillo, TM Holmes, EE Noren, DP VanBlaricom, GR Punt, AE O'Neill, SM Ylitalo, GM Hanson, MB Ross, PS AF Mongillo, Teresa M. Holmes, Elizabeth E. Noren, Dawn P. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Punt, Andre E. O'Neill, Sandra M. Ylitalo, Gina M. Hanson, M. Bradley Ross, Peter S. TI Predicted polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in southern resident killer whales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE PCB; PBDE; Bioaccumulation; Killer whale; Model; Contaminants; Persistent organic pollutants ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ORCINUS-ORCA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY AB Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are anthropogenic contaminants that bioaccumulate in upper trophic level species. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are POPs of particular concern because they can induce immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive impairment. Killer whales Orcinus orca can accumulate high concentrations of POPs because they are long-lived apex predators. Southern resident killer whales (SRKWs) are an endangered fish-eating population that consists of 3 pods (J, K, and L) with a geographic range from central California, USA, to the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. An individual-based modeling approach was used to predict the accumulation of sum PBDEs (Sigma PBDEs) and sum PCBs (Sigma PCBs) in specific individuals in the SRKW population. Model predictions for the current concentrations corresponded closely to the concentrations measured in biopsies collected from known individuals. The predicted Sigma PBDE concentrations over the life-span of individual killer whales were consistent with a doubling time of similar to 3 to 4 yr, highlighting the rapid emergence of PBDEs as a priority concern in these animals. J pod individuals had the highest predicted Sigma PBDE and Sigma PCB concentrations, likely due to their increased residence time near industrial centers. Modeled historical Sigma PCB concentrations did not increase substantially over time or with age in males born after 1970, whereas the Sigma PBDE concentrations increased over time and with age. In general, modeled future projections indicated that the average male and female had similar Sigma PBDE trends with age, time, and diet scenario. Future Sigma PCBs are predicted to slowly decline; however, SRKWs will continue to be exposed for several generations. C1 [Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Noren, Dawn P.; O'Neill, Sandra M.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mongillo, Teresa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ross, Peter S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Mongillo, Teresa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mongillo, TM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM teresa.mongillo@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC; SAFS/UW; Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the US Geological Survey, located at SAFS, UW FX We thank Ken Balcomb and his colleagues at the Center for Whale Research, Friday Harbor, Washington, who perform the SRKW annual surveys and who provided the life history and population data. Brendan Hickie (Trent University) provided guidance and support with the beginning modeling structure. We offer additional thanks to Peter Olesiuk (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Peggy Krahn, Eric Ward, Brice Semmens, and Yasmin Lucero (NWFSC, NOAA Fisheries), and the graduate students and staff of the VanBlaricom lab (School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences [SAFS], University of Washington [UW], Seattle) for their advice during the course of this study. We thank Trevor Branch and 3 anonymous reviewers for their constructively critical comments on draft versions of the manuscript. Main funding support for our work was provided by NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC, the SAFS/UW, and the Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship. Additional support came from the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the US Geological Survey, located at SAFS, UW. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 78 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 453 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.3354/meps09658 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 937PK UT WOS:000303670200014 ER PT J AU Constantine, R Jackson, JA Steel, D Baker, CS Brooks, L Burns, D Clapham, P Hauser, N Madon, B Mattila, D Oremus, M Poole, M Robbins, J Thompson, K Garrigue, C AF Constantine, Rochelle Jackson, Jennifer A. Steel, Debbie Baker, C. Scott Brooks, Lyndon Burns, Daniel Clapham, Phillip Hauser, Nan Madon, Benedicte Mattila, David Oremus, Marc Poole, Michael Robbins, Jooke Thompson, Kirsten Garrigue, Claire TI Abundance of humpback whales in Oceania using photo-identification and microsatellite genotyping SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article C1 [Constantine, Rochelle; Steel, Debbie; Baker, C. Scott; Oremus, Marc; Thompson, Kirsten] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Jackson, Jennifer A.] Marine Res Ltd, Portsmouth PO4 9RN, Hants, England. [Steel, Debbie; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Steel, Debbie; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brooks, Lyndon; Burns, Daniel] So Cross Univ, Marine Ecol Res Ctr, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Clapham, Phillip] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hauser, Nan] Cook Isl Whale Res, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Madon, Benedicte] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Mattila, David] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Poole, Michael] Marine Mammal Res Program, Maharepa 98728, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Robbins, Jooke] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Oremus, Marc; Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea, New Caledonia. RP Constantine, R (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM r.constantine@auckland.ac.nz RI Jackson, Jennifer/E-7997-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 453 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 937PK UT WOS:000303670200013 ER PT J AU Mongillo, TM Holmes, EE Noren, DP VanBlaricom, GR Punt, AE O'Neill, SM Ylitalo, GM Hanson, MB Ross, PS AF Mongillo, Teresa M. Holmes, Elizabeth E. Noren, Dawn P. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Punt, Andre E. O'Neill, Sandra M. Ylitalo, Gina M. Hanson, M. Bradley Ross, Peter S. TI Predicted polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in southern resident killer whales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BLUBBER; WATERS C1 [Mongillo, Teresa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Noren, Dawn P.; O'Neill, Sandra M.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mongillo, Teresa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ross, Peter S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Mongillo, TM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM teresa.mongillo@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 453 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 937PK UT WOS:000303670200015 ER PT J AU Foote, AD Hofreiter, M Morin, PA AF Foote, Andrew D. Hofreiter, Michael Morin, Phillip A. TI Ancient DNA from marine mammals: Studying long-lived species over ecological and evolutionary timescales SO ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER LA English DT Article DE Ancient DNA; Distribution; DNA substitution rate; Ecology; Evolution; Marine mammals; Stable isotopes ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES; STELLERS SEA COW; BOWHEAD WHALES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; POPULATION-SIZE; ELEPHANT SEAL; MUTATION-RATE; MUSEUM SPECIMENS AB Marine mammals have long generation times and broad, difficult to sample distributions, which makes inferring evolutionary and demographic changes using field studies of extant populations challenging. However, molecular analyses from sub-fossil or historical materials of marine mammals such as bone, tooth, baleen, skin, fur, whiskers and scrimshaw using ancient DNA (aDNA) approaches provide an opportunity for investigating such changes over evolutionary and ecological timescales. Here, we review the application of aDNA techniques to the study of marine mammals. Most of the studies have focused on detecting changes in genetic diversity following periods of exploitation and environmental change. To date, these studies have shown that even small sample sizes can provide useful information on historical genetic diversity. Ancient DNA has also been used in investigations of changes in distribution and range of marine mammal species; we review these studies and discuss the limitations of such 'presence only' studies. Combining aDNA data with stable isotopes can provide further insights into changes in ecology and we review past studies and suggest future potential applications. We also discuss studies reconstructing inter- and intra-specific phylogenies from aDNA sequences and discuss how aDNA sequences could be used to estimate mutation rates. Finally, we highlight some of the problems of aDNA studies on marine mammals, such as obtaining sufficient sample sizes and calibrating for the marine reservoir effect when radiocarbon-dating such wide-ranging species. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Foote, Andrew D.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hofreiter, Michael] Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Morin, Phillip A.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, OsterVolgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM FooteAD@gmail.com RI Hofreiter, Michael/A-3996-2017 OI Hofreiter, Michael/0000-0003-0441-4705 FU Lundbeck Foundation; Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship; Centre for GeoGenetics; Natural History Museum; University of Copenhagen; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; University of York FX AF was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation, a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship and the Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen.; PAM was supported by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center.; MH was supported by the University of York. NR 120 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-9602 J9 ANN ANAT JI Ann. Anat.-Anat. Anz. PY 2012 VL 194 IS 1 SI SI BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.04.010 PG 9 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 930LY UT WOS:000303142100014 PM 21652193 ER PT J AU Brown, DP Kipfmueller, KF AF Brown, David P. Kipfmueller, Kurt F. TI Pacific Climate Forcing of Multidecadal Springtime Minimum Temperature Variability in the Western United States SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; PDO; spring; temperature; western United States ID ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; NORTH-AMERICA; US; PRECIPITATION; REGIONALIZATION; OSCILLATION; SNOWPACK; DROUGHT; TRENDS AB Trends toward an earlier spring season onset in the western United States have been increasingly documented and are of interest to many different users of climate information throughout the region. Studies, however, have not adequately quantified the variability of spring season temperatures on multidecadal time scales. This study examines the spatio-temporal variability of spring season minimum temperatures in the western United States as a function of multidecadal Pacific climate variability for the period from 1925 to 1994. Spatio-temporal variations in minimum temperature patterns, as determined by a principal-components-based regionalization analysis, indicate a significant statistical relationship between March and April minimum temperatures and multidecadal Pacific climate variability, measured diagnostically using an index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Anomalous temperature patterns associated with cool phases of the PDO are evident in the Pacific Northwest region during March, whereas warm phases are evident in the Southern Coast region during April, suggesting a possible association with canonical interannual El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts. These results, suggesting a strong and thus far uncharacterized relationship between spring temperature minima in the West and the PDO, have implications for an improved understanding of multidecadal climate dynamics, including the detection and attribution of recent temperature trends, as well as climate-driven environmental impacts such as growing season length and intensity. C1 [Brown, David P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. [Kipfmueller, Kurt F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Brown, DP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. EM david.p.brown@noaa.gov; kurt@umn.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 EI 1467-8306 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1080/00045608.2011.627052 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 930BG UT WOS:000303109900001 ER PT J AU Machemer, EGP Walter, JF Serafy, JE Kerstetter, DW AF Machemer, Ethan G. P. Walter, John F., III Serafy, Joseph E. Kerstetter, David W. TI Importance of mangrove shorelines for rainbow parrotfish Scarus guacamaia: habitat suitability modeling in a subtropical bay SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Logistic regression; Habitat suitability; Coral reefs; Ontogenetic shifts ID CORAL-REEF RESILIENCE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SHALLOW-WATER; SEAGRASS BEDS; BISCAYNE BAY; CONNECTIVITY; ESTUARINE; FIELD AB Rainbow parrotfish Scarus guacamaia is a coral-reef herbivore that requires both mangrove and coral-reef habitat to complete its life cycle. This species is listed as 'vulnerable' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The present study used a long-term visual survey of mangrove fishes to develop a predictive habitat model for juvenile S. guacamaia. The factors tested were temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, average depth, distance from offshore channel openings, temperature variation (Delta T), and salinity variation (Delta S). The average depth, distance from offshore channel openings, Delta T, and Delta S emerged as significant within the model evaluations. The results suggested that high variation in salinity reduces mangrove habitat suitability for this species. Salinity variation along many of south Florida's coastal bays is largely driven by water management-related freshwater canal discharges. Everglades restoration efforts seek to reduce Delta S along south Florida's mainland shoreline; thus, if successful, restoration may also confer benefits to Scarus guacamaia through the subsequent expansion of suitable mangrove habitat. C1 [Machemer, Ethan G. P.; Kerstetter, David W.] Nova SE Univ Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Walter, John F., III; Serafy, Joseph E.] NOAA NMFS SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kerstetter, DW (reprint author), Nova SE Univ Oceanog Ctr, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM kerstett@nova.edu RI Kerstetter, David/I-5396-2012 FU RECOVER (US Army Corps of Engineers and South Florida Water Management District); Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA FX We thank B. Teare, D. L. Jones, B. K. Walker, and J. A. Bohnsack for their technical assistance. Financial support for the mangrove-fish surveys was provided by RECOVER (US Army Corps of Engineers and South Florida Water Management District) and the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 42 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.3354/ab00412 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 931HG UT WOS:000303206400008 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Flagg, EB Muller, A Migdall, A Solomon, GS AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Flagg, Edward B. Muller, Andreas Migdall, Alan Solomon, Glenn S. BE DAriano, M Fei, SM Haven, E Hiesmayr, B Jaeger, G Khrennikov, A Larsson, JA TI Indistinguishability of single photons from dissimilar single-photon sources SO FOUNDATIONS OF PROBABILITY AND PHYSICS - 6 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Foundations of Probability and Physics - 6 (FPP) CY JUN 14-16, 2011 CL Vaxjo, SWEDEN SP Linnaeus Univ, Int Ctr Math Modelling Phys, Engn, Econom & Cognit Sci DE Single Photons; Quantum Dots; Parametric Down-conversion; Quantum Interferometry ID QUANTUM-DOT; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; INTERFERENCE; DEVICE; LIGHT; BEAMS AB In quantum mechanics, particles in identical states are indistinguishable, giving rise to effects with no classical analog. For instance, the bosonic nature of light insures that upon interference two indistinguishable photons will coalesce into a single inseparable state. Through this coalescence, we demonstrate that photons produced from two separate quantum dots are indistinguishable. Further, we show that single photons created in a fundamentally different process - parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear crystal - can be manipulated to be indistinguishable from those from quantum dots. The quantum interference in both experiments occurs with a visibility reduced from unity because the quantum dot photons are not lifetime-limited due to the presence of pure dephasing. The measured visibility closely matches the theoretical visibility predicted for photons with the parameters of those measured here. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Flagg, Edward B.; Muller, Andreas; Migdall, Alan; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1004-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1424 DI 10.1063/1.3688982 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BZS43 UT WOS:000302768800037 ER PT J AU Gaitan, M Minhas, H AF Gaitan, Michael Minhas, Harp TI The art in science of microTAS SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaitan, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1737 EP 1738 DI 10.1039/c2lc90034c PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 930UL UT WOS:000303167200001 PM 22508418 ER PT J AU Espinasse, B Zhou, M Zhu, YW Hazen, EL Friedlaender, AS Nowacek, DP Chu, DZ Carlotti, F AF Espinasse, Boris Zhou, Meng Zhu, Yiwu Hazen, Elliott L. Friedlaender, Ari S. Nowacek, Douglas P. Chu, Dezhang Carlotti, Francois TI Austral fall-winter transition of mesozooplankton assemblages and krill aggregations in an embayment west of the Antarctic Peninsula SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Peninsula; Chlorophyll; Zooplankton; Krill; Food web; Austral fall ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LIFE-CYCLE STRATEGIES; MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; IN-SITU GROWTH; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TARGET STRENGTH; MARGUERITE BAY AB To assess krill aggregations and humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae foraging behavior, spatial and temporal relationships between Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and zooplankton taxonomic groups were studied during an interdisciplinary cruise conducted in May and June 2009 within Wilhelmina Bay on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula. A vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a calibrated EK-60 echo sounder were used to assess circulation patterns and krill distributions in the bay, and a multiple opening and closing net (with 333 mu m mesh) and environmental sensing system (MOCNESS) was used to collect live samples of mesozooplankton and krill for taxonomic composition analysis. The results from this field study complement a previous one that examined an anticyclonic bay-scale circulation of Antarctic krill. This super-aggregation of krill covered similar to 100 km(2), had a concentration of 1000s of individuals m(-2) and was associated with more than 306 humpback whales present in Wilhelmina Bay. Our results from the mesozooplankton study revealed that krill continuously conducted diel vertical migrations and formed aggregations in the inner bay, while the chlorophyll concentration at the surface decreased from 2.2 to 0.6 g C m(-2) due to the decrease of daylight, and zooplankton concentrations increased from 0.5 to 1.5 g C m(-2) probably from advective influx. Most zooplankton were distributed below 200 m while krill fed in the upper 150 m. The spatial and temporal correlations between krill and small-to medium-sized mesozooplankton imply that krill may become omnivorous when there is a lack of phytoplankton in the late austral fall. Though both phytoplankton and zooplankton biomasses contributed only small fractions of the daily ration needed for krill metabolism in Wilhelmina Bay, it is not clear what caused krill to aggregate on such a large scale, as this led to high mortality as a result of starvation and predation by whales and other top predators. C1 [Zhou, Meng; Zhu, Yiwu] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Espinasse, Boris; Carlotti, Francois] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Lab Oceanog Phys & Biogeochim, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Pratt Sch Engn, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Chu, Dezhang] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Zhou, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM meng.zhou@umb.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU US National Science Foundation [ANT-0739566, ANT-073948]; CNRS FX We thank the Captain and crews of the ASRV 'LM Gould' and Raytheon Polar Service Company for all their assistance during the cruise. We acknowledge E. Firing and J. Hummon at the University of Hawaii and T. Chereskin at Scripps Institution of Oceanography for the ADCP operation and data acquisition during the cruise. This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation grants ANT-0739566 and ANT-073948. B. E. acknowledges the PhD fellowship from CNRS. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 33 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 452 BP 63 EP 80 DI 10.3354/meps09626 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 931KD UT WOS:000303213900005 ER PT J AU Bailey, KM Zhang, TY Chan, KS Porter, SM Dougherty, AB AF Bailey, Kevin M. Zhang, Tianyang Chan, Kung-sik Porter, Steven M. Dougherty, Annette B. TI Near real-time forecasting of recruitment from larval surveys: application to Alaska pollock SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; Fisheries; Environment; Ocean research; Regime shift; Ecological community ID WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WESTERN GULF; CLIMATE; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; JUVENILE; DISTRIBUTIONS; MORTALITY; ECOSYSTEM AB The fishery for Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the western Gulf of Alaska is dependent on the strength of incoming year classes. Methods were developed to measure late-larval stage abundance and sizes at-sea and to use such data in a near real-time model to forecast recruitment about 4 yr in advance. Larval abundances were weighted for size-and temperature-dependent mortality to project the number attaining a critical size of 15 mm; this weighting reflects the greater survival value of larger larvae to the population. The method was applied to catches in the 2007 and 2008 larval surveys to show the feasibility of attaining near real-time estimates. The accuracy of the method to forecast recruitment was evaluated from historical data. Adjusting larval abundance for size-and temperature-dependent mortality improved the trend with recruitment, but the relationship was not significant over the entire time series (1979 to 2007) because of an increasing trend in predators of juvenile stages, decoupling the parameters. A threshold-based generalized additive recruitment forecast model was developed to account for autocorrelative structure caused by inter-cohort interactions and mortality-related factors occurring after the larval period. The model closely tracks past recruitment trends. Based on low larval abundances and high numbers of predators, low to moderate abundances of age-4 recruits were predicted for 2007 to 2011, which matched observed levels reasonably well. C1 [Bailey, Kevin M.; Porter, Steven M.; Dougherty, Annette B.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhang, Tianyang; Chan, Kung-sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Bailey, KM (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kevin.bailey@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 452 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.3354/meps09614 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 931KD UT WOS:000303213900016 ER PT J AU Abecassis, M Dewar, H Hawn, D Polovina, J AF Abecassis, Melanie Dewar, Heidi Hawn, Donald Polovina, Jeffrey TI Modeling swordfish daytime vertical habitat in the North Pacific Ocean from pop-up archival tags SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Xiphias gladius; Swordfish; Satellite tracking; Generalized additive model; Habitat modelling ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; STATE-SPACE MODEL; XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; MARINE ANIMALS; PELAGIC LONGLINES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; MOVEMENTS; ATLANTIC; TRACKING AB The daytime foraging depth of swordfish in the North Pacific was investigated with data from an 8 yr tagging program, using 28 Wildlife Computer pop-up archival tags deployed on swordfish in the North Pacific. The tags transmitted data from 1 degrees S to 44 degrees N latitude and from 206 to 249 degrees E longitude. Five tags were recovered, providing a full archival record that showed that when swordfish did not engage in daytime basking behavior, they remained within a narrow range of light level during both day and night, suggesting swordfish stay within a sound-scattering layer (SSL) to feed during both day and night. Daytime mean depth of non-basking swordfish ranged from 32 to 760 m. Seventy-seven percent of the daytime mean depth could be explained with a generalized additive model that used 3 environmental indices: satellite-derived surface chlorophyll as a proxy for light at depth, oxygen at 400 m obtained from the World Ocean Atlas, and temperature at 400 m inferred from the tag data. This model, when used in a predictive mode, generated a basin-wide map of swordfish daytime mean depth that showed depths exceeding 600 m to the north of Hawaii, shoaling to 300 m off the coast of California. This information could improve daytime swordfish catch by longliners and potentially allow them to switch from shallow night sets that result in interactions with sea turtles. This approach in effect defines the habitat of swordfish prey, giving us insight into the vertical behavior of those mid-trophic level organisms inhabiting the SSL. Our model could be easily applied to other deep-foraging species. C1 [Abecassis, Melanie; Hawn, Donald] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dewar, Heidi] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Polovina, Jeffrey] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Abecassis, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM melanie.abecassis@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) [NA17RJ1230]; NOAA [NA17RJ1230] FX The authors are grateful to F. Royer and B. Calmettes from Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), France, for processing most of the tracks with the 'Track&Lock' software, and A. Nielsen and C. Lam, who developed the geolocation package 'trackit'. L. Moxey of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CoastWatch program provided access to satellite data and E. Howell provided a script for data extraction. C. Wabnitz, E. Howell, D. Courtney, J. Brodziak, P. Kleiber, P. Woodworth, J. Drazen and P. Lehodey provided discussions and revisions that significantly improved this manuscript. Some of the tag deployments off California were supported by the Tagging of Pacific Predators program. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers who helped strengthen this manuscript. Authors' contributions: J. P. and H. D. conceived and designed the experiments; H. D. and D. H. performed the experiments; M. A. analyzed the data, with important intellectual input from J. P. and H. D.; M. A. wrote the paper, with important revisions from J. P. and H. D. This project was partly funded by Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and NOAA. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 452 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.3354/meps09583 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 931KD UT WOS:000303213900017 ER PT J AU Tomaro, LM Teel, DJ Peterson, WT Miller, JA AF Tomaro, Londi M. Teel, David J. Peterson, William T. Miller, Jessica A. TI When is bigger better? Early marine residence of middle and upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Survival mechanisms; Juvenile salmon; Columbia River; Ocean residence; Otolith back-calculation ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; TO-ADULT SURVIVAL; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC-SALMON; PINK SALMON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS AB Early ocean residence is considered a critical period for juvenile salmon although specific survival mechanisms are often unidentified and may vary by species or life stage. Columbia River spring-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha abundance has declined dramatically since the early 1900s. To elucidate mechanisms of early marine survival, we tested the 'bigger-is-better' and 'stage-duration' aspects of the 'growth-mortality' hypothesis, which posits that size and growth rate are important for future abundance. We tested the 'match-mismatch' hypothesis to determine whether early marine growth was related to indices related to regional productivity, including spring transition timing and copepod community composition. We generated estimates of individual size at ocean entry and capture, marine growth rate, early marine migration rate, and emigration timing using data from ocean surveys, genetic stock-assignment, and otolith analyses of juveniles collected across 8 yr between 1998 and 2008. Size at capture and marine growth rate after similar to 30 d marine residence were positively related to future adult returns, whereas size at marine entry was not. Growth rate was not significantly related to indices of secondary production, but size at capture was significantly greater when lipid-rich copepods dominated. Although future adult abundance was not related to emigration timing, juveniles migrated more slowly when copepod biomass was high, perhaps responding to foraging conditions. Overall, processes during early ocean residence appear to be more important for cohort size establishment than those at marine entry. Approaches that combine genetic and otolith analyses have great potential to provide information on stock-specific variation in survival mechanisms. C1 [Tomaro, Londi M.; Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Tomaro, LM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 SE Marine Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM londi.tomaro@lifetime.oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA Fisheries; Mamie Markham Research Award FX A. Paul and J. Unrein assisted with otolith preparation. A. Ungerer assisted with LA-ICPMS. L. Weitkamp provided the PIT-tagged juveniles for the back-calculation techniques comparison and constructive criticisms on an earlier draft of this paper. The Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission provided the 2010 age-composition of spring-run Chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam. The comments of 4 anonymous reviewers strengthened this paper. Funding was provided by Bonneville Power Administration, NOAA Fisheries, and a Mamie Markham Research Award. NR 88 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 47 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 452 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.3354/meps09620 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 931KD UT WOS:000303213900018 ER PT J AU Torres, JM Stafford, CM Vogt, BD AF Torres, Jessica M. Stafford, Christopher M. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Photoinitator surface segregation induced instabilities from polymerization of a liquid coating on a rigid substrate SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID WRINKLING PATTERNS; ORDERED STRUCTURES; CROSS-LINKING; SOFT MATTER; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION; HYDROGELS; COMPLEX AB Periodic wrinkled surfaces have generated significant interest over the past decade as these structures can be easily fabricated over large areas with minimal fabrication cost, but these structures have generally been limited to thin films on soft elastomeric substrates, which limits their general applicability and utility. Here we present a simple methodology to generate wrinkled surfaces on rigid substrates by surface segregation of a photocatalyst. Upon ultraviolet light (UV) induced photopolymerization, increased catalyst concentration yields a cross-linked layer at the free surface that is supported on top of a more liquid-like bulk film due to differences in polymerization rate. Further polymerization of the underlayer provides the requisite mechanical stress (contraction due to polymerization) to create a wrinkled pattern. A system based upon the renewable monomer, furfuryl alcohol, that is cross-linked with a photoacid generator, triphenyl sulfonium triflate, is utilized to illustrate this concept. Moreover, the polymerized furfuryl alcohol can be transformed into amorphous carbon by heating at elevated temperatures in an inert environment. The role of photoacid generator concentration and substrate temperature on the wrinkle formation and morphology is presented. Finally, exposure through a simple mask can generate hierarchical structures with the wrinkled structure conforming to the geometric constraints of the photopatterned area, including curvilinear structures. This photocatalyzed surface segregation-based methodology provides a promising route to the facile fabrication of microstructured surfaces based upon the wrinkling instability. C1 [Vogt, Bryan D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Torres, Jessica M.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM vogt@uakron.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0653989, CBET-0746664] FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #CMMI-0653989 and CBET-0746664. We gratefully acknowledge the technical help from Barry O'Brien and the use of facilities within the Flexible Display Center and Arizona State University. This manuscript is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 19 BP 5225 EP 5232 DI 10.1039/c2sm00037g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 931ID UT WOS:000303208700015 ER PT J AU Lemons, GE Eguchi, T Lyon, BN LeRoux, R Seminoff, JA AF Lemons, Garrett E. Eguchi, Tomoharu Lyon, Boyd N. LeRoux, Robin Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Effects of blood anticoagulants on stable isotope values of sea turtle blood tissue SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delta C-13 and delta N-15; Carbon; Cheloniidae; Ectotherm; Isotope enrichment; Nitrogen; Reptilia ID FORAGING ECOLOGY; MARINE TURTLES; WHOLE-BLOOD; PRESERVATION; CARBON; SIGNATURES; EDTA; DIET; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13 AB Collecting tissue samples from sea turtles for stable isotope analysis often occurs at remote field sites. For blood tissue, samples are treated with an anticoagulant that allows for later separation of plasma from cellular components. However, the effect of this technique on stable isotope values of sea turtle blood has not been established. We measured the effects of 3 widely used anticoagulants, acid citrate dextrose (ACD), sodium heparin (SH) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), on stable carbon (delta C-13) and stable nitrogen (delta N-15) values in whole blood, red blood cells, and blood plasma of 11 green turtles Chelonia mydas captured in San Diego Bay, California, USA. Vials containing each of the 3 blood preservatives as well as a vial containing no additive (i.e. control vial) were filled in random order. Blood in the no-additive vial was immediately separated into fractions (e.g. red blood cells, plasma) via centrifugation, whereas blood collected in the treatment vials was chilled and then centrifuged 48 h after collection. We found that, relative to the controls, ACD-preserved whole blood and blood plasma were C-13 enriched, EDTA-treated red blood cells and plasma were N-15 depleted, and SH-treated whole blood was N-15 enriched. Because SH was the only anticoagulant with no measured effect on blood plasma and red blood cells-the most commonly studied blood fractions for sea turtle stable isotope studies-we recommend its exclusive use as a blood anticoagulant for field studies where prompt centrifugation is not possible. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We thank B. Deck, P. Dutton, A. Frey, E. La Casella, D. Prosperi, S. Roden, L. Saez and G. Serra-Valente for sample collection, data management and laboratory assistance over the years. We thank T. Liebst of Dynergy and E. Maher of the Unified Port of San Diego for site access. B. Wallace provided valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This study was funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and research was authorized under NMFS Research Permit #1227. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.3354/ab00397 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928ML UT WOS:000302986800001 ER PT J AU Milke, LM Bricelj, VM Ross, NW AF Milke, Lisa M. Bricelj, V. Monica Ross, Neil W. TI Changes in enzymatic activity during early development of bay scallops Argopecten irradians and sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Digestive enzyme activity; Scallops; Placopecten magellanicus; Argopecten irradians; Development ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA GMELIN; DIETARY-PROTEIN CONTENT; ACID HYDRAZIDE PAHBAH; PECTEN-MAXIMUS; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CARBOHYDRASE ACTIVITY; RUDITAPES-DECUSSATUS; CHAETOCEROS-MUELLERI; VENERUPIS-PULLASTRA; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT AB Poor growth and survival of scallops is often reported during early developmental stages. Stage- and species-specific dietary requirements have been identified, but the mechanisms responsible for these differences remain largely unknown. Dietary success depends on food biochemical properties, digestive and/or assimilative capacity, as well as the animal's specific nutritional demands, which can vary over development and between species. The present study examines developmental changes in the activities of key digestive enzymes in larval and postlarval bay scallops Argopecten irradians and sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus raised on a mixed algal diet until similar to 4 to 5 mm in shell height (SH) and sampled at intervals encompassing major transitions in feeding organ development. Colorimetric assays measured general protease, lipase (esterase) and carbohydrase (a-amylase, cellulase and laminarinase) activities. The most pronounced changes in enzymatic activity occurred prior to scallops attaining similar to 1.2 mm SH in both scallop species. The esterase:protease ratio exhibited similar ontogenetic patterns in both scallop species, decreasing sharply between larval and immediate postlarval stages before increasing to an intermediate level and stabilizing around 1.2 mm SH. In contrast, mean carbohydrase activities measured over the experimental duration differed between species, with bay scallops exhibiting higher specific activities of a-amylase and cellulase but much lower activities of laminarinase than sea scallops. These findings have implications for understanding scallop utilization of the food supply in nature, as well as developing targeted diets that could enhance their growth and survival in culture. C1 [Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Bricelj, V. Monica] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Ross, Neil W.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. RP Milke, LM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM lisa.milke@noaa.gov FU Aqua Net; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Network of Centers of Excellence in Canadian Aquaculture; IMB FX We thank S. MacQuarrie and S. McKenna (Institute for Marine Biosciences, IMB/NRC) for algal culture and help in maintenance of experiments, M. Goguen for assisting with enzymatic methods development, J. Rose for exchanges concerning statistical analyses, as well as 4 anonymous reviewers. The present study was partially supported by Aqua Net, a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Network of Centers of Excellence in Canadian Aquaculture, and by IMB operating funds awarded to V.M.B., and is part of a PhD dissertation by L.M. at Dalhousie University, Department of Biology. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.3354/ab00398 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928ML UT WOS:000302986800002 ER PT J AU Jech, JM Stroman, F AF Jech, J. Michael Stroman, Francine TI Aggregative patterns of pre-spawning Atlantic herring on Georges Bank from 1999-2010 SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Herring school; Acoustic baskscatter survey; Regression tree ID ACOUSTIC SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; PELAGIC FISH SCHOOLS; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; MULTIBEAM SONAR; CLASSIFICATION; TREES; CONNECTIVITY; SIMULATION AB Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the offshore regions of the Gulf of Maine migrate each fall from their feeding grounds to the northern portion of Georges Bank to spawn. The Northeast Fisheries Science Center's (NEFSC) herring acoustic survey has taken advantage of this behavior by conducting systematic surveys of the pre-spawning fish each year since 1999. Multi-frequency acoustic and midwater trawl data were collected along transects oriented perpendicular to bathymetric contours. Acoustic backscatter was analyzed to describe the aggregative patterns (e. g., size, location in the water column, and spatial and temporal distribution) of Atlantic herring during these surveys and regression trees were used to examine the aggregation characteristics. The positional variables of distance to spawning grounds and vertical location in the water column were the primary characteristics for describing pre-spawning aggregations. Secondary to these were the temporal variables of diel and survey timing, and the morphological characteristic of aggregation area. Lower numbers of aggregations were observed close to the herring spawning grounds but with higher acoustic energy than larger numbers of aggregations observed further from the spawning grounds but smaller in size and lower in acoustic energy. Most aggregations were in the lower portion of the water column, but those that were in the upper portion of the water column had higher acoustic energy. Consistently throughout the decade, 90% or more of herring aggregations were located within 40 nautical miles of their spawning grounds. The regression tree method provided valuable insight to the data series where it highlighted spatial and temporal patterns and was an effective way to quantitatively summarize relationships. C1 [Jech, J. Michael] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stroman, Francine] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jech, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Michael.Jech@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1051/alr/2012003 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928AY UT WOS:000302953200001 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Mellqvist, J Johansson, J Fried, A Richter, D Walega, JG Washenfelder, RA de Gouw, JA Peischl, J Aikin, KC McKeen, SA Frost, GJ Fehsenfeld, FC Herndon, SC AF Parrish, D. D. Ryerson, T. B. Mellqvist, J. Johansson, J. Fried, A. Richter, D. Walega, J. G. Washenfelder, R. A. de Gouw, J. A. Peischl, J. Aikin, K. C. McKeen, S. A. Frost, G. J. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Herndon, S. C. TI Primary and secondary sources of formaldehyde in urban atmospheres: Houston Texas region SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; OZONE FORMATION; EMISSION INVENTORIES; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; AMBIENT AIR; AIRBORNE; NOX; STRATOSPHERE; HYDROCARBONS; CARBONYLS AB We evaluate the rates of secondary production and primary emission of formaldehyde (CH2O) from petrochemical industrial facilities and on-road vehicles in the Houston Texas region. This evaluation is based upon ambient measurements collected during field studies in 2000, 2006 and 2009. The predominant CH2O source (92 +/- 4% of total) is secondary production formed during the atmospheric oxidation of highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs) emitted from the petrochemical facilities. Smaller contributions are primary emissions from these facilities (4 +/- 2%), and secondary production (similar to 3%) and primary emissions (similar to 1%) from vehicles. The primary emissions from both sectors are well quantified by current emission inventories. Since secondary production dominates, control efforts directed at primary CH2O emissions cannot address the large majority of CH2O sources in the Houston area, although there may still be a role for such efforts. Ongoing efforts to control alkene emissions from the petrochemical facilities, as well as volatile organic compound emissions from the motor vehicle fleet, will effectively reduce the CH2O concentrations in the Houston region. We do not address other emission sectors, such as off-road mobile sources or secondary formation from biogenic hydrocarbons. Previous analyses based on correlations between ambient concentrations of CH2O and various marker species have suggested much larger primary emissions of CH2O, but those results neglect confounding effects of dilution and loss processes, and do not demonstrate the causes of the observed correlations. Similar problems must be suspected in any source apportionment analysis of secondary species based upon correlations of ambient concentrations of pollutants. C1 [Parrish, D. D.; Ryerson, T. B.; Washenfelder, R. A.; de Gouw, J. A.; Peischl, J.; Aikin, K. C.; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Mellqvist, J.; Johansson, J.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J. G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.; de Gouw, J. A.; Peischl, J.; Aikin, K. C.; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herndon, S. C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM david.d.parrish@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Mellqvist, Johan/0000-0002-6578-9220; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU NOAA; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) FX This work was funded in part by NOAA's Air Quality and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs and in part by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). The authors are grateful to the Principal Investigators of the Moody Tower site and the Baylor Aztec aircraft for making their data sets available. NR 52 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 7 BP 3273 EP 3288 DI 10.5194/acp-12-3273-2012 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 926BQ UT WOS:000302806700010 ER PT J AU Birch, CE Brooks, IM Tjernstrom, M Shupe, MD Mauritsen, T Sedlar, J Lock, AP Earnshaw, P Persson, POG Milton, SF Leck, C AF Birch, C. E. Brooks, I. M. Tjernstrom, M. Shupe, M. D. Mauritsen, T. Sedlar, J. Lock, A. P. Earnshaw, P. Persson, P. O. G. Milton, S. F. Leck, C. TI Modelling atmospheric structure, cloud and their response to CCN in the central Arctic: ASCOS case studies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE ANOMALIES; LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; CLIMATE; AEROSOL; OCEAN; SUMMER AB Observations made during late summer in the central Arctic Ocean, as part of the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS), are used to evaluate cloud and vertical temperature structure in the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM). The observation period can be split into 5 regimes; the first two regimes had a large number of frontal systems, which were associated with deep cloud. During the remainder of the campaign a layer of low-level cloud occurred, typical of central Arctic summer conditions, along with two periods of greatly reduced cloud cover. The short-range operational NWP forecasts could not accurately reproduce the observed variations in near-surface temperature. A major source of this error was found to be the temperature-dependant surface albedo parameterisation scheme. The model reproduced the low-level cloud layer, though it was too thin, too shallow, and in a boundary-layer that was too frequently well-mixed. The model was also unable to reproduce the observed periods of reduced cloud cover, which were associated with very low cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations (< 1 cm(-3)). As with most global NWP models, the MetUM does not have a prognostic aerosol/cloud scheme but uses a constant CCN concentration of 100 cm(-3) over all marine environments. It is therefore unable to represent the low CCN number concentrations and the rapid variations in concentration frequently observed in the central Arctic during late summer. Experiments with a single-column model configuration of the MetUM show that reducing model CCN number concentrations to observed values reduces the amount of cloud, increases the near-surface stability, and improves the representation of both the surface radiation fluxes and the surface temperature. The model is shown to be sensitive to CCN only when number concentrations are less than 10-20 cm(-3). C1 [Birch, C. E.; Brooks, I. M.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Mauritsen, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Sedlar, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Lock, A. P.; Earnshaw, P.; Milton, S. F.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Birch, CE (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM c.e.birch@leeds.ac.uk RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Milton, Sean/J-8866-2012; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Birch, Cathryn/P-4228-2014; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E010008/1]; UK Met Office; US National Science Foundation [ARC0732925, ARC1023366] FX This work is part of ASCOS (the Arctic Summer Cloud-Ocean Study). ASCOS was made possible by funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the DAMOCLES European Union 6th Framework Program Integrated Research Project. We express our gratitude to Douglas Orsini, Jost Heintzenberg, Maria Martin, and Staffan Sjogren for providing the aerosol and CCN data. Thanks goes to Guylaine Canut for providing the cloud base and cloud top estimates. The Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (SPRS) provided access to the icebreaker Oden and logistical support. We are grateful to the SPRS logistical staff and to Oden's Captain Mattias Peterson and his crew. ASCOS is an IPY project under the AICIA-IPY umbrella and an endorsed SOLAS project. The participation of CEB and IMB was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant No. NE/E010008/1). CEB was also funded by a CASE award from the UK Met Office. The participation of MS and POGP was supported by grants from the US National Science Foundation (ARC0732925 and ARC1023366). NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 7 BP 3419 EP 3435 DI 10.5194/acp-12-3419-2012 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 926BQ UT WOS:000302806700018 ER PT S AU Rice, JP Brown, SW Allen, DW Yoon, HW Litorja, M Hwang, JC AF Rice, Joseph P. Brown, Steven W. Allen, David W. Yoon, Howard W. Litorja, Maritoni Hwang, Jeeseong C. BE Douglass, MR Oden, PI TI Hyperspectral image projector applications SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications IV CY JAN 23-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, DLP Texas Instruments, Dyoptyka, VUZIX Corp DE calibration; DMD; hyperspectral; imaging; microscope; photovoltaic; projector; remote sensing ID RADIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS AB For the past several years NIST has been developing, along with several collaborators, a Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP). This scene projector produces high-resolution programmable spectra and projects them into dynamic two-dimensional images. The current digital micromirror device (DMD) based HIP prototype has a spatial resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels and a spectral range of 450 nm to 2400 nm, with spectral resolution from 2 nm in the visible to 5 nm in the short-wave infrared. It disperses light from a supercontinuum fiber source across two DMDs to produce the programmable spectra, which then globally-illuminate a third DMD to form the spatial images. The HIP can simulate top-of-the atmosphere spectral radiance over a 10 mm x 14 mm, f/3 image, and this can be collimated to stimulate remote sensing instruments. Also, the spectral radiance of the projected scenes can be measured with a NIST-calibrated spectroradiometer, such that the spectral radiance projected into each pixel can be accurately known. The HIP was originally developed for applications in multi-spectral and hyperspectral imager testing, calibration, and performance validation, and examples of this application will be reviewed. Conceivable applications for the HIP in photovoltaic device characterization and optical medical imaging will also be discussed. C1 [Rice, Joseph P.; Brown, Steven W.; Allen, David W.; Yoon, Howard W.; Litorja, Maritoni; Hwang, Jeeseong C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rice, JP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.rice@nist.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8897-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8254 AR 82540R DI 10.1117/12.907898 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZS21 UT WOS:000302693000024 ER PT J AU Dixson, R Orji, NG AF Dixson, Ronald Orji, Ndubuisi G. TI Dimensional Metrology with Atomic Force Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dixson, Ronald; Orji, Ndubuisi G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dixson, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 AR 011001 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.11.1.011001 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 925SP UT WOS:000302781900002 ER PT J AU Dixson, R Orji, NG McGray, CD Bonevich, J Geist, J AF Dixson, Ronald Orji, Ndubuisi G. McGray, Craig D. Bonevich, John Geist, Jon TI Traceable calibration of a critical dimension atomic force microscope SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE CD-AFM; metrology; CD; linewidth; standards; calibration; traceability; HRTEM; SCCDRM ID CD-AFM; REFERENCE METROLOGY; LINEWIDTH STANDARD; NIST AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a multifaceted program in atomic force microscope (AFM) dimensional metrology. One component of this program, and the focus of this paper, is the use of critical dimension atomic force microscopy (CD-AFM). CD-AFM is a commercially available AFM technology that uses flared tips and two-dimensional surface sensing to scan the sidewalls of near-vertical or even reentrant features. Features of this sort are commonly encountered in semiconductor manufacturing and other nanotechnology industries. NIST has experience in the calibration and characterization of CD-AFM instruments and in the development of uncertainty budgets for typical measurements in semiconductor manufacturing metrology. A third generation CD-AFM was recently installed at NIST. The current performance of this instrument for pitch and height measurements generally supports our relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) goals in the range of 2.0 x 10(-3) and lower. Additionally, a new generation of the NIST single crystal critical dimension reference material (SCCDRM) project is pushing toward feature widths below 10 nm, with the prospect of CD-AFM tip width calibration having expanded uncertainty (k = 2) below 1 nm. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JMM.11.1.011006] C1 [Dixson, Ronald; Orji, Ndubuisi G.; McGray, Craig D.; Bonevich, John; Geist, Jon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dixson, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.dixson@nist.gov FU NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory FX This work was supported by the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory. The fabrication of the SCCDRM structures was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology NanoFab at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The TEM sample preparation and TEM imaging were performed using the instrumentation available in the NIST Materials Measurement Laboratory (MML). The authors thank Richard Kasica of the CNST/NanoFab for assistance with the electron beam lithography, Brian Renegar of NIST for photography of the SCCDRM model, and we also thank Sean Hand, Eric Cottrell, and Richard Crook of Bruker-Nano, Ltd. for field service on the Insight3D. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 AR 011006 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.11.1.011006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 925SP UT WOS:000302781900007 ER PT J AU Scheef, LP Pendleton, DE Hampton, SE Katz, SL Holmes, EE Scheuerell, MD Johns, DG AF Scheef, Lindsay P. Pendleton, Daniel E. Hampton, Stephanie E. Katz, Stephen L. Holmes, Elizabeth E. Scheuerell, Mark D. Johns, David G. TI Assessing marine plankton community structure from long-term monitoring data with multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models: a comparison of fixed station versus spatially distributed sampling data SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL; TIME-SERIES; RECORDER SURVEY; ZOOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; CONSISTENCY; WEBS; LAKE; L4 AB We examined how marine plankton interaction networks, as inferred by multivariate autoregressive (MAR) analysis of time-series, differ based on data collected at a fixed sampling location (L4 station in the Western English Channel) and four similar time-series prepared by averaging Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) data-points in the region surrounding the fixed station. None of the plankton community structures suggested by the MAR models generated from the CPR datasets were well correlated with the MAR model for L4, but of the four CPR models, the one most closely resembling the L4 model was that for the CPR region nearest to L4. We infer that observation error and spatial variation in plankton community dynamics influenced the model performance for the CPR datasets. A modified MAR framework in which observation error and spatial variation are explicitly incorporated could allow the analysis to better handle the diverse time-series data collected in marine environments. C1 [Scheef, Lindsay P.; Hampton, Stephanie E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Pendleton, Daniel E.; Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Katz, Stephen L.] Channel Isl Natl Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Johns, David G.] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. RP Scheef, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM scheef@nceas.ucsb.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016; OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254; Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249 FU National Science Foundation under Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) [NA09NMF4720180]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) [NA09NMF4720180] FX We would like to acknowledge the Western Channel Observatory and others who have contributed to the collection and archival of data from the L4 station. We also thank the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science for maintaining the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey and providing us with the extensive dataset analyzed in this study. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for providing thoughtful comments that helped us improve this paper. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under their joint Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program (award NA09NMF4720180). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 10 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.4319/lom.2012.10.54 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 927OY UT WOS:000302918800006 ER PT J AU Luhr, H Siddiqui, TA Maus, S AF Luehr, H. Siddiqui, T. A. Maus, S. TI Global characteristics of the lunar tidal modulation of the equatorial electrojet derived from CHAMP observations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Electric fields and currents; Equatorial ionosphere; Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; Waves and tides ID TIDES AB It has been known since many decades that lunar tide has an influence on the strength of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ). There has, however, never been a comprehensive study of the tidal effect on a global scale. Based on the continuous magnetic field measurements by the CHAMP satellite over 10 years it is possible to investigate the various aspects of lunar effects on the EEJ. The EEJ intensity is enhanced around times when the moon is overhead or at the antipode. This effect is particularly strong around noon, shortly after new and full moon. The lunar tide manifests itself as a semi-diurnal wave that precesses through all local times within one lunar month. The largest tidal amplitudes are observed around December solstice and smallest around June solstice. The tidal wave crest lags behind the moon phase. During December this amounts to about 4 days while it is around 2 days during other times of the year. We have not found significant longitudinal variations of the lunar influence on the EEJ. When comparing the average EEJ amplitude at high solar activity with that during periods of solar minimum conditions a solar cycle dependence can be found, but the ratio between tidal amplitude and EEJ intensity stays the same. Actually, tidal signatures standout clearer during times of low solar activity. We suggest that the tidal variations are caused by a current system added to the EEJ rather than by modulating the EEJ. Gravitational forcing of the lower atmosphere by the moon and the sun is assumed to be the driver of an upward propagating tidal wave. The larger tidal amplitudes around December solstice can be related to stratospheric warming events which seem to improve the conditions for upward propagation. The results described here have to large extent been presented as a Julius-Bartels Medal Lecture during the General Assembly 2011 of the European Geosciences Union. C1 [Luehr, H.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. [Siddiqui, T. A.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Luhr, H (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. EM hluehr@gfz-potsdam.de OI Siddiqui, Tarique Adnan/0000-0001-9394-6708 FU Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology [50EE0944] FX The CHAMP mission was sponsored by the Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, following a decision of the German Federal Parliament (grant code 50EE0944). NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 3 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.5194/angeo-30-527-2012 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918RZ UT WOS:000302269700008 ER PT J AU Gaffin, SR Imhoff, M Rosenzweig, C Khanbilvardi, R Pasqualini, A Kong, AYY Grillo, D Freed, A Hillel, D Hartung, E AF Gaffin, S. R. Imhoff, M. Rosenzweig, C. Khanbilvardi, R. Pasqualini, A. Kong, A. Y. Y. Grillo, D. Freed, A. Hillel, D. Hartung, E. TI Bright is the new black-multi-year performance of high-albedo roofs in an urban climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE urban heat island; mitigation; cool roofs; white roofs; albedo; emissivity; TPO; EPDM; asphaltic membrane; solar reflectance; Energy Star Reflective Roof program ID SOLAR REFLECTANCE; ENERGY SAVINGS; COATINGS AB High-albedo white and cool roofing membranes are recognized as a fundamental strategy that dense urban areas can deploy on a large scale, at low cost, to mitigate the urban heat island effect. We are monitoring three generic white membranes within New York City that represent a cross section of the dominant white membrane options for US flat roofs: (1) an ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber membrane; (2) a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) membrane; and (3) an asphaltic multi-ply built-up membrane coated with white elastomeric acrylic paint. The paint product is being used by New York City's government for the first major urban albedo enhancement program in its history. We report on the temperature and related albedo performance of these three membranes at three different sites over a multi-year period. The results indicate that the professionally installed white membranes are maintaining their temperature control effectively and are meeting the Energy Star Cool Roofing performance standards requiring a three-year aged albedo above 0.50. The EPDM membrane shows evidence of low emissivity; however this had the interesting effect of avoiding any 'winter heat penalty' for this building. The painted asphaltic surface shows high emissivity but lost about half of its initial albedo within two years of installation. Given that the acrylic approach is such an important 'do-it-yourself', low-cost, retrofit technique, and, as such, offers the most rapid technique for increasing urban albedo, further product performance research is recommended to identify conditions that optimize its long-term albedo control. Even so, its current multi-year performance still represents a significant albedo enhancement for urban heat island mitigation. C1 [Gaffin, S. R.; Rosenzweig, C.; Pasqualini, A.; Kong, A. Y. Y.; Hillel, D.; Hartung, E.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Imhoff, M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Khanbilvardi, R.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Grillo, D.] New York City Dept Bldg, New York, NY USA. [Freed, A.] Mayors Off Long Term Planning & Sustainabil, New York, NY USA. RP Gaffin, SR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM srg43@columbia.edu NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 50 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR 014029 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014029 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922XA UT WOS:000302580600040 ER PT J AU Patton, DL Page, KA Hoff, EA Fasolka, MJ Beers, KL AF Patton, Derek L. Page, Kirt A. Hoff, Emily A. Fasolka, Michael J. Beers, Kathryn L. TI A robust and high-throughput measurement platform for monomer reactivity ratios from surface-initiated polymerization SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-METHACRYLATE; RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION; RATE CONSTANTS; PEAK SHAPE; STYRENE; ETHYLENE; ACRYLATE; BEHAVIOR; XPS AB This article describes a robust approach to measure monomer reactivity ratios from surface-initiated copolymerization, by measuring composition of statistical copolymer brush surfaces using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Statistical copolymer brushes were prepared from various monomer feeds by surface-initiated radical copolymerization at room temperature under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The copolymer brush composition data were fit to the terminal copolymerization kinetic model resulting in point estimates for the monomer reactivity ratios that are in good agreement with values measured under bulk reaction conditions. Additionally, a high-throughput approach was demonstrated to measure reactivity ratios using a single substrate exhibiting a gradient in copolymer brush composition. This high-throughput approach significantly reduces the time and effort required to generate reliable and reproducible point estimates of reactivity ratios, and these values are in good agreement with values obtained from both the discrete sample surface measurements and classical bulk analytical methods. C1 [Page, Kirt A.; Fasolka, Michael J.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patton, Derek L.; Hoff, Emily A.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beers@nist.gov RI Patton, Derek/E-8241-2013 OI Patton, Derek/0000-0002-8738-4750 FU National Research Council; NSF CAREER [DMR-1056817] FX D.P. and K.P. gratefully acknowledge support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. D.P. acknowledges financial support from NSF CAREER (DMR-1056817). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1181 DI 10.1039/c2py20023f PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 919IC UT WOS:000302315800011 ER PT J AU Averett, D Cicerone, MT Douglas, JF de Pablo, JJ AF Averett, Devin Cicerone, Marcus T. Douglas, Jack F. de Pablo, Juan J. TI Fast relaxation and elasticity-related properties of trehalose-glycerol mixtures SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ATOM FORCE-FIELD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; GLASS; ALPHA,ALPHA-TREHALOSE; STABILIZATION; STABILITY; SUCROSE; SOLVENT AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate basic fast relaxation properties and thermophysical properties of trehalose-glycerol mixtures over a wide composition range and for a temperature range from above to below the glass transition temperature, T-g. An important aspect of the present work is that we employ a revised force field that yields glycerol densities that agree much better with experiment than those formerly used in models of these mixtures. This optimized molecular model provides a platform for more refined simulation studies of this class of protein drug preservative matrix materials. For temperatures below T-g, the inverse of the Debye-Waller factor, (-1), exhibits a maximum near a 30% relative glycerol mass concentration. This local 'stiffening' effect, in conjunction with a reduction of T-g by glycerol, indicates that glycerol is an antiplastizer of trehalose at intermediate concentrations, a finding consistent with dielectric measurements on trehalose-glycerol mixtures in which moisture has been carefully excluded from the samples. We also find that the shear modulus of these materials C-11 increases progressively with glycerol concentration. The Boson peak, which provides one of the most experimentally accessible fast dynamics properties of glass-forming liquids, is also calculated for trehalose-glycerol glasses as a function of glycerol concentration. The change in the Boson peak intensity with glycerol concentration is found to be consistent with a reduction of fragility of glass formation with the addition of glycerol, an effect that previous simulation studies of coarse grain models have linked to antiplasticization. We also find general agreement with a recently proposed relation between the fast beta relaxation time tau(beta) and the local amplitude of atomic motion on picosecond timescales, .(1) The implications of our simulations and their interpretation in terms of physics of glass formation are briefly discussed in the context of protein stabilization. C1 [Averett, Devin; de Pablo, Juan J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Douglas, Jack F.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Averett, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM daverett@wisc.edu FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1] FX This work was funded in part under NIH/NIBIB Grant R01 EB006398-01A1. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 18 BP 4936 EP 4945 DI 10.1039/c2sm25095k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 923RP UT WOS:000302636700014 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Douglas, JF Jones, RL AF Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas, Jack F. Jones, Ronald L. TI Influence of film casting method on block copolymer ordering in thin films SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPIN-COATED POLYSTYRENE; SOLVENT EVAPORATION; POLYMER-FILMS; MICRODOMAIN ORIENTATION; HOMOPOLYMER FILMS; PATTERNS; ARRAYS AB We study the orientation of the cylinder phase of the block copolymer (BCP) poly(styrene-block-methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) in thin spun-cast films having a range of film thicknesses and temperatures and compare to our earlier observations on flow-coated films of the same BCP under similar thermodynamic conditions. As in our former measurements on flow-coated films, morphology maps of our spun-cast BCP films reveal distinct ordering regimes where the cylinders orient predominantly perpendicular or parallel to the interface and an 'intermediate' regime where these morphologies are mixed. However, we find that the locations of these morphology lines in the temperature-film thickness plane are greatly influenced by the method of film formation. We hypothesize that the slow solvent evaporation of the flow-coated films leads to films having higher residual stresses than spun-cast films because of a relatively inhibited transport of the solvent out of the film during drying, and annealing measurements on both types of cast films provide supporting evidence that the BCP surface morphology change is associated with residual stresses within the films. Contrary to our initial expectations, spun-cast films showed little sensitivity to film casting speed so that residual stress effects associated with the comparatively violent fluid flow conditions of spin-casting appear to be small. Instead, residual stresses arising from slow film evaporation appear to be implicated. Residual stress effects arising during the course of film casting and drying are relevant to other fabrications involving cast polymer films, such as in organic photovoltaic devices where flow-coating or similar industrial film casting method is normally employed for film formation. C1 [Zhang, Xiaohua] Soochow Univ, Ctr Soft Condensed Matter Phys & Interdisciplinar, Suzhou, Peoples R China. [Douglas, Jack F.; Jones, Ronald L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), Soochow Univ, Ctr Soft Condensed Matter Phys & Interdisciplinar, Suzhou, Peoples R China. EM zhangxiaohua@suda.edu.cn; jack.douglas@nist.gov FU NSFC [21104054, 91027040] FX The authors thank Dr Sangcheol Kim of the Polymers Division (NIST) for his many thoughtful comments on our paper. X. Zhang acknowledges the financial support of Grants No. 21104054 and No. 91027040 by NSFC. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 61 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 18 BP 4980 EP 4987 DI 10.1039/c2sm07308k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 923RP UT WOS:000302636700019 ER PT J AU Haustein, K Perez, C Baldasano, JM Jorba, O Basart, S Miller, RL Janjic, Z Black, T Nickovic, S Todd, MC Washington, R Muller, D Tesche, M Weinzierl, B Esselborn, M Schladitz, A AF Haustein, K. Perez, C. Baldasano, J. M. Jorba, O. Basart, S. Miller, R. L. Janjic, Z. Black, T. Nickovic, S. Todd, M. C. Washington, R. Mueller, D. Tesche, M. Weinzierl, B. Esselborn, M. Schladitz, A. TI Atmospheric dust modeling from meso to global scales with the online NMMB/BSC-Dust model - Part 2: Experimental campaigns in Northern Africa SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CALCULATIONS; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; SAMUM 2006; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB The new NMMB/BSC-Dust model is intended to provide short to medium-range weather and dust forecasts from regional to global scales. It is an online model in which the dust aerosol dynamics and physics are solved at each model time step. The companion paper (P,rez et al., 2011) develops the dust model parameterizations and provides daily to annual evaluations of the model for its global and regional configurations. Modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) was evaluated against AERONET Sun photometers over Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe with correlations around 0.6-0.7 on average without dust data assimilation. In this paper we analyze in detail the behavior of the model using data from the Saharan Mineral dUst experiment (SAMUM-1) in 2006 and the Bod,l, Dust Experiment (BoDEx) in 2005. AOD from satellites and Sun photometers, vertically resolved extinction coefficients from lidars and particle size distributions at the ground and in the troposphere are used, complemented by wind profile data and surface meteorological measurements. All simulations were performed at the regional scale for the Northern African domain at the expected operational horizontal resolution of 25 km. Model results for SAMUM-1 generally show good agreement with satellite data over the most active Saharan dust sources. The model reproduces the AOD from Sun photometers close to sources and after long-range transport, and the dust size spectra at different height levels. At this resolution, the model is not able to reproduce a large haboob that occurred during the campaign. Some deficiencies are found concerning the vertical dust distribution related to the representation of the mixing height in the atmospheric part of the model. For the BoDEx episode, we found the diurnal temperature cycle to be strongly dependant on the soil moisture, which is underestimated in the NCEP analysis used for model initialization. The low level jet (LLJ) and the dust AOD over the Bod,l, are well reproduced. The remaining negative AOD bias (due to underestimated surface wind speeds) can be substantially reduced by decreasing the threshold friction velocity in the model. C1 [Haustein, K.; Washington, R.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Climate Res Grp, Oxford, England. [Haustein, K.; Baldasano, J. M.; Jorba, O.; Basart, S.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona, Spain. [Perez, C.; Miller, R. L.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Perez, C.; Miller, R. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Perez, C.] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Baldasano, J. M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Environm Modeling Lab, Barcelona, Spain. [Janjic, Z.; Black, T.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Nickovic, S.] World Meteorol Org, Res Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Todd, M. C.] Univ Sussex, Dept Geog, Brighton, E Sussex, England. [Mueller, D.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. [Tesche, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Weinzierl, B.; Esselborn, M.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Esselborn, M.] European So Observ, Div Technol, D-8046 Garching, Germany. [Mueller, D.; Schladitz, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. RP Haustein, K (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Climate Res Grp, Oxford, England. EM karsten.haustein@ouce.ox.ac.uk; carlos.perezga@nasa.gov RI Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; MUELLER, DETLEF/F-1010-2015; todd, martin/I-4143-2015; Weinzierl, Bernadett/G-5319-2012; OI Tesche, Matthias/0000-0003-0096-4785; MUELLER, DETLEF/0000-0002-0203-7654; Weinzierl, Bernadett/0000-0003-4555-5686; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244; Basart, Sara/0000-0002-9821-8504 FU Earth Institute at Columbia University through the Cross-Cutting Initiative; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2006-11879, CGL2008-02818, CGL2010-19652, CSD00C-06-08924] FX The authors would like to thank the AERONET program for establishing and maintaining the used sites. We would like to thank the EARLINET program for providing and analyzing the lidar data. We are grateful to Benoit Laurent and LISA for providing high resolution roughness length data. We would also like to express our thanks to the whole SAMUM-1 and BoDEx team, who provided us with in-situ and surface based data gathered during the field campaign. OMI and MODIS daily data used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. The Earth Institute at Columbia University is acknowledged for support through the Cross-Cutting Initiative project: Atmospheric Aerosol impacts on health in sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable and helpful comments. This work was developed under the research projects CGL2006-11879, CGL2008-02818, CGL2010-19652 and CSD00C-06-08924 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. Simulations were performed with the Marenostrum Supercomputer at the BSC. NR 112 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 2933 EP 2958 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2933-2012 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917LM UT WOS:000302178000007 ER PT J AU Esteve, AR Ogren, JA Sheridan, PJ Andrews, E Holben, BN Utrillas, MP AF Esteve, A. R. Ogren, J. A. Sheridan, P. J. Andrews, E. Holben, B. N. Utrillas, M. P. TI Sources of discrepancy between aerosol optical depth obtained from AERONET and in-situ aircraft profiles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; UNITED-STATES; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; VERTICAL PROFILES; NORTH-AMERICA AB Aerosol optical properties were measured by NOAA's Airborne Aerosol Observatory over Bondville, Illinois, during more than two years using a light aircraft. Measured properties included total light scattering, backscattering, and absorption, while calculated parameters included aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrom exponent, single-scattering albedo, hemispheric backscatter fraction, asymmetry parameter, and submicrometer mode fraction of scattering. The in-situ aircraft measurements are compared here with AERONET measurements and retrievals of the aerosol optical properties at the same location, although it is difficult to verify the AERONET retrieval algorithm at a site that is not highly polluted. The comparison reveals discrepancies between the aerosol properties retrieved from AERONET and from in-situ aircraft measurements. These discrepancies are smaller for the AOD, while the biggest discrepancies are for the other derived aerosol properties. Possible sources of discrepancy between the AOD measured by AERONET and the one calculated from the in-situ aircraft measurements are investigated. The largest portion of the AOD discrepancy is likely due to an incorrect adjustment to ambient RH of the scattering coefficient. Another significant part (along with uncertain nephelometer truncation corrections) may come from the possibility that there might be less aerosol below the lowest flight altitude or that the aircraft inlet excludes aerosol particles larger than 5-7 mu m diameter. C1 [Esteve, A. R.; Utrillas, M. P.] Univ Valencia, Dept Earth Phys & Thermodynam, Valencia, Spain. [Ogren, J. A.; Sheridan, P. J.; Andrews, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Esteve, AR (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Earth Phys & Thermodynam, Valencia, Spain. EM anna.esteve@uv.es RI Utrillas, Maria Pilar/B-5099-2015; Esteve, Anna/C-3396-2015; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Utrillas, Maria Pilar/0000-0002-1952-4117; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU NOAA; Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) of the Spanish Government [BES-2006-12521, CGL2009-07790] FX This research was funded by the NOAA Climate Program. The collaboration of A. R. Esteve was possible thanks to the fellowship BES-2006-12521 and the project CGL2009-07790 of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) of the Spanish Government. The authors would like to thank Alexander Smirnov for his help with the AERONET data; John Augustine for the MFRSR data; Jenny Hand for the IMPROVE data; Jason Tackett for examining the CALIPSO data above the aircraft flight altitudes; and the pilots, crew and support personnel of Greenwood Aviation. NR 64 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 2987 EP 3003 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2987-2012 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917LM UT WOS:000302178000010 ER PT J AU Harrison, RM Dall'Osto, M Beddows, DCS Thorpe, AJ Bloss, WJ Allan, JD Coe, H Dorsey, JR Gallagher, M Martin, C Whitehead, J Williams, PI Jones, RL Langridge, JM Benton, AK Ball, SM Langford, B Hewitt, CN Davison, B Martin, D Petersson, KF Henshaw, SJ White, IR Shallcross, DE Barlow, JF Dunbar, T Davies, F Nemitz, E Phillips, GJ Helfter, C Di Marco, CF Smith, S AF Harrison, R. M. Dall'Osto, M. Beddows, D. C. S. Thorpe, A. J. Bloss, W. J. Allan, J. D. Coe, H. Dorsey, J. R. Gallagher, M. Martin, C. Whitehead, J. Williams, P. I. Jones, R. L. Langridge, J. M. Benton, A. K. Ball, S. M. Langford, B. Hewitt, C. N. Davison, B. Martin, D. Petersson, K. F. Henshaw, S. J. White, I. R. Shallcross, D. E. Barlow, J. F. Dunbar, T. Davies, F. Nemitz, E. Phillips, G. J. Helfter, C. Di Marco, C. F. Smith, S. TI Atmospheric chemistry and physics in the atmosphere of a developed megacity (London): an overview of the REPARTEE experiment and its conclusions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WEST MIDLANDS CONURBATION; AIR-POLLUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DISPERSION EXPERIMENTS AB The < b > RE gents < b > PAR k and < b > T ower < b > E nvironmental < b > E xperiment (REPARTEE) comprised two campaigns in London in October 2006 and October/November 2007. The experiment design involved measurements at a heavily trafficked roadside site, two urban background sites and an elevated site at 160-190 m above ground on the BT Tower, supplemented in the second campaign by Doppler lidar measurements of atmospheric vertical structure. A wide range of measurements of airborne particle physical metrics and chemical composition were made as well as measurements of a considerable range of gas phase species and the fluxes of both particulate and gas phase substances. Significant findings include (a) demonstration of the evaporation of traffic-generated nanoparticles during both horizontal and vertical atmospheric transport; (b) generation of a large base of information on the fluxes of nanoparticles, accumulation mode particles and specific chemical components of the aerosol and a range of gas phase species, as well as the elucidation of key processes and comparison with emissions inventories; (c) quantification of vertical gradients in selected aerosol and trace gas species which has demonstrated the important role of regional transport in influencing concentrations of sulphate, nitrate and secondary organic compounds within the atmosphere of London; (d) generation of new data on the atmospheric structure and turbulence above London, including the estimation of mixed layer depths; (e) provision of new data on trace gas dispersion in the urban atmosphere through the release of purposeful tracers; (f) the determination of spatial differences in aerosol particle size distributions and their interpretation in terms of sources and physico-chemical transformations; (g) studies of the nocturnal oxidation of nitrogen oxides and of the diurnal behaviour of nitrate aerosol in the urban atmosphere, and (h) new information on the chemical composition and source apportionment of particulate matter size fractions in the atmosphere of London derived both from bulk chemical analysis and aerosol mass spectrometry with two instrument types. C1 [Harrison, R. M.; Dall'Osto, M.; Beddows, D. C. S.; Thorpe, A. J.; Bloss, W. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Harrison, R. M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Excellence Environm Studies, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Dall'Osto, M.] CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Thorpe, A. J.] AECOM, Beckenham BR3 4DE, Kent, England. [Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.; Dorsey, J. R.; Gallagher, M.; Martin, C.; Whitehead, J.; Williams, P. I.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Allan, J. D.; Dorsey, J. R.; Williams, P. I.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Jones, R. L.; Langridge, J. M.; Benton, A. K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Langridge, J. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Langridge, J. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Benton, A. K.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Ball, S. M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Langford, B.; Hewitt, C. N.; Davison, B.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Langford, B.; Nemitz, E.; Phillips, G. J.; Helfter, C.; Di Marco, C. F.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Martin, D.; Petersson, K. F.; Henshaw, S. J.; White, I. R.; Shallcross, D. E.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Barlow, J. F.; Dunbar, T.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6B, Berks, England. [Davies, F.] Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Greater Manches, England. [Phillips, G. J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Smith, S.] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Harrison, RM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM r.m.harrison@bham.ac.uk RI Bloss, William/N-1305-2014; Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/B-1219-2009; Phillips, Gavin/A-6570-2009; Whitehead, James/D-3088-2012; Harrison, Roy/A-2256-2008; Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Langford, Ben/N-3072-2013 OI dallosto, manuel/0000-0003-4203-894X; Gallagher, Martin/0000-0002-4968-6088; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Bloss, William/0000-0002-3017-4461; Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/0000-0001-7973-2666; Jones, Roderic /0000-0002-6761-3966; Phillips, Gavin/0000-0003-4443-0822; Harrison, Roy/0000-0002-2684-5226; Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Langford, Ben/0000-0002-6968-5197 FU Natural Environment Research Council through the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; CityFlux grant; BOC Foundation; Bristol ChemLabS; Eurochlor FX The authors are grateful to BT for allowing access to the BT Tower and to the Royal Parks for providing facilities at Regent's Park. Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council through the National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the CityFlux grant, and the BOC Foundation. Bristol ChemLabS and Eurochlor supported work at the University of Bristol. NR 132 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 75 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 3065 EP 3114 DI 10.5194/acp-12-3065-2012 PG 50 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917LM UT WOS:000302178000014 ER PT J AU Wiedensohler, A Birmili, W Nowak, A Sonntag, A Weinhold, K Merkel, M Wehner, B Tuch, T Pfeifer, S Fiebig, M Fjaraa, AM Asmi, E Sellegri, K Depuy, R Venzac, H Villani, P Laj, P Aalto, P Ogren, JA Swietlicki, E Williams, P Roldin, P Quincey, P Huglin, C Fierz-Schmidhauser, R Gysel, M Weingartner, E Riccobono, F Santos, S Gruning, C Faloon, K Beddows, D Harrison, RM Monahan, C Jennings, SG O'Dowd, CD Marinoni, A Horn, HG Keck, L Jiang, J Scheckman, J McMurry, PH Deng, Z Zhao, CS Moerman, M Henzing, B de Leeuw, G Loschau, G Bastian, S AF Wiedensohler, A. Birmili, W. Nowak, A. Sonntag, A. Weinhold, K. Merkel, M. Wehner, B. Tuch, T. Pfeifer, S. Fiebig, M. Fjaraa, A. M. Asmi, E. Sellegri, K. Depuy, R. Venzac, H. Villani, P. Laj, P. Aalto, P. Ogren, J. A. Swietlicki, E. Williams, P. Roldin, P. Quincey, P. Hueglin, C. Fierz-Schmidhauser, R. Gysel, M. Weingartner, E. Riccobono, F. Santos, S. Gruening, C. Faloon, K. Beddows, D. Harrison, R. M. Monahan, C. Jennings, S. G. O'Dowd, C. D. Marinoni, A. Horn, H. -G. Keck, L. Jiang, J. Scheckman, J. McMurry, P. H. Deng, Z. Zhao, C. S. Moerman, M. Henzing, B. de Leeuw, G. Loeschau, G. Bastian, S. TI Mobility particle size spectrometers: harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION NUCLEUS COUNTER; ANALYZER NANO-DMA; AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; CENTRAL-EUROPE; NM; INSTRUMENTS; RESOLUTION; INVERSION; DESIGN AB Mobility particle size spectrometers often referred to as DMPS (Differential Mobility Particle Sizers) or SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers) have found a wide range of applications in atmospheric aerosol research. However, comparability of measurements conducted world-wide is hampered by lack of generally accepted technical standards and guidelines with respect to the instrumental set-up, measurement mode, data evaluation as well as quality control. Technical standards were developed for a minimum requirement of mobility size spectrometry to perform long-term atmospheric aerosol measurements. Technical recommendations include continuous monitoring of flow rates, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity for the sheath and sample air in the differential mobility analyzer. We compared commercial and custom-made inversion routines to calculate the particle number size distributions from the measured electrical mobility distribution. All inversion routines are comparable within few per cent uncertainty for a given set of raw data. Furthermore, this work summarizes the results from several instrument intercomparison workshops conducted within the European infrastructure project EUSAAR (European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research) and ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network) to determine present uncertainties especially of custom-built mobility particle size spectrometers. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the particle number size distributions from 20 to 200 nm determined by mobility particle size spectrometers of different design are within an uncertainty range of around +/- 10% after correcting internal particle losses, while below and above this size range the discrepancies increased. For particles larger than 200 nm, the uncertainty range increased to 30%, which could not be explained. The network reference mobility spectrometers with identical design agreed within +/- 4% in the peak particle number concentration when all settings were done carefully. The consistency of these reference instruments to the total particle number concentration was demonstrated to be less than 5%. Additionally, a new data structure for particle number size distributions was introduced to store and disseminate the data at EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Program). This structure contains three levels: raw data, processed data, and final particle size distributions. Importantly, we recommend reporting raw measurements including all relevant instrument parameters as well as a complete documentation on all data transformation and correction steps. These technical and data structure standards aim to enhance the quality of long-term size distribution measurements, their comparability between different networks and sites, and their transparency and traceability back to raw data. C1 [Wiedensohler, A.; Birmili, W.; Nowak, A.; Sonntag, A.; Weinhold, K.; Merkel, M.; Wehner, B.; Tuch, T.; Pfeifer, S.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Fiebig, M.; Fjaraa, A. M.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Asmi, E.; de Leeuw, G.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Sellegri, K.; Depuy, R.; Venzac, H.; Villani, P.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Observ Phys Globe Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Laj, P.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. [Aalto, P.; de Leeuw, G.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Ogren, J. A.] NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Swietlicki, E.; Roldin, P.] Lund Univ, Div Nucl Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Williams, P.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Quincey, P.] Natl Phys Lab, Environm Measurements Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Hueglin, C.] EMPA Dubendorf Air Pollut Environm Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Fierz-Schmidhauser, R.; Gysel, M.; Weingartner, E.; Riccobono, F.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Santos, S.; Gruening, C.] IES CCU, European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Faloon, K.; Beddows, D.; Harrison, R. M.] Univ Birmingham, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Monahan, C.; Jennings, S. G.; O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Monahan, C.; Jennings, S. G.; O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland, Environm Change Inst, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland. [Marinoni, A.] Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Horn, H. -G.] TSI GmbH, D-52068 Aachen, Germany. [Keck, L.] GRIMM Aerosol Tech GmbH & Co KG, D-83404 Ainring, Germany. [Jiang, J.; Scheckman, J.; McMurry, P. H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Deng, Z.; Zhao, C. S.; Moerman, M.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Henzing, B.; de Leeuw, G.] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Loeschau, G.; Bastian, S.] Saxon State Off Environm Agr & Geol, D-01326 Dresden, Germany. RP Wiedensohler, A (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM alfred.wiedensohler@tropos.de RI Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; McMurry, Peter/A-8245-2008; Deng, Zhaoze/C-7367-2012; Zhao, Chunsheng/D-1176-2011; Harrison, Roy/A-2256-2008; Aalto, Pasi/A-1539-2009; Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; Jiang, Jingkun/A-1076-2010; Wiedensohler, Alfred/D-1223-2013; Gysel, Martin/C-3843-2008; Nowak, Andreas/B-6413-2014; Swietlicki, Erik/B-9426-2014; Wehner, Birgit/C-2650-2014; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; OI Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; McMurry, Peter/0000-0003-1609-5131; Deng, Zhaoze/0000-0002-0955-6350; Zhao, Chunsheng/0000-0003-1951-379X; Harrison, Roy/0000-0002-2684-5226; Aalto, Pasi/0000-0001-8826-9108; Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; Gysel, Martin/0000-0002-7453-1264; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Gruening, Carsten/0000-0002-6169-2827 FU European Union [FP6-026140, 262254, CT-2004-505337]; Federal Environmental Agency of Germany (Umweltbundesamt); EU-CAARI; Marie Curie Initial Training Network CLOUD-ITN (EC) [215072]; German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Protection and Reactor Safety (Bundesministerium fur Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit) [FE 3707 43200]; Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (Sachsisches Landesamt fur Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie) FX This work was accomplished by the European research infrastructure projects EUSAAR (European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, EU FP6 Integrated Infrastructures Initiatives project, No. FP6-026140), and ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) project No. 262254). Additionally, we acknowledge the network of excellence ACCENT (Atmospheric Composition Change: a European Network, EU FP6 Network of Excellence project, No. GOCE-CT-2004-505337) and the WCCAP (World Calibration Centre for Aerosol Physics as part of the WMO-GAW program; Global Atmosphere Watch) funded by the Federal Environmental Agency of Germany (Umweltbundesamt), EU-CAARI (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions), the Marie Curie Initial Training Network CLOUD-ITN (EC FP7 grant No. 215072), the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Protection and Reactor Safety (Bundesministerium fur Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit) grant F&E 3707 43200, and the project "Qualitatskontrolle der Messung ultrafeiner Partikel in der Aussenluft im Jahr 2011" funded by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (Sachsisches Landesamt fur Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie). Atmospheric data generated within EUSAAR/ACTRIS/WMO-GAW are stored at EBAS, a database developed and operated by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). EBAS hosts observation data of atmospheric aerosol chemical composition and physical properties. Figure 1 was kindly prepared by A. Haudek (IfT). NR 66 TC 220 Z9 224 U1 16 U2 133 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 657 EP 685 DI 10.5194/amt-5-657-2012 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917LP UT WOS:000302178500013 ER PT J AU Keppel-Aleks, G Wennberg, PO Washenfelder, RA Wunch, D Schneider, T Toon, GC Andres, RJ Blavier, JF Connor, B Davis, KJ Desai, AR Messerschmidt, J Notholt, J Roehl, CM Sherlock, V Stephens, BB Vay, SA Wofsy, SC AF Keppel-Aleks, G. Wennberg, P. O. Washenfelder, R. A. Wunch, D. Schneider, T. Toon, G. C. Andres, R. J. Blavier, J. -F. Connor, B. Davis, K. J. Desai, A. R. Messerschmidt, J. Notholt, J. Roehl, C. M. Sherlock, V. Stephens, B. B. Vay, S. A. Wofsy, S. C. TI The imprint of surface fluxes and transport on variations in total column carbon dioxide SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; FOSSIL-FUEL CONSUMPTION; TALL TOWER; OBSERVING NETWORK; VERTICAL PROFILES; CO2 FLUX; EMISSIONS; SINKS; NORTHERN; CLIMATE AB New observations of the vertically integrated CO2 mixing ratio, aYCO(2)aY (c), from ground-based remote sensing show that variations in CO(2)aY (c) are primarily determined by large-scale flux patterns. They therefore provide fundamentally different information than observations made within the boundary layer, which reflect the combined influence of large-scale and local fluxes. Observations of both aYCO(2)aY (c) and CO2 concentrations in the free troposphere show that large-scale spatial gradients induce synoptic-scale temporal variations in aYCO(2)aY (c) in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes through horizontal advection. Rather than obscure the signature of surface fluxes on atmospheric CO2, these synoptic-scale variations provide useful information that can be used to reveal the meridional flux distribution. We estimate the meridional gradient in aYCO(2)aY (c) from covariations in aYCO(2)aY (c) and potential temperature, theta, a dynamical tracer, on synoptic timescales to evaluate surface flux estimates commonly used in carbon cycle models. We find that simulations using Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) biospheric fluxes underestimate both the aYCO(2)aY (c) seasonal cycle amplitude throughout the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and the meridional gradient during the growing season. Simulations using CASA net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with increased and phase-shifted boreal fluxes better fit the observations. Our simulations suggest that climatological mean CASA fluxes underestimate boreal growing season NEE (between 45-65A degrees N) by ~40%. We describe the implications for this large seasonal exchange on inference of the net Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon sink. C1 [Keppel-Aleks, G.; Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.; Schneider, T.; Roehl, C. M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Andres, R. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J. -F.] NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Davis, K. J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Messerschmidt, J.; Notholt, J.] Univ Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Sherlock, V.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Stephens, B. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Vay, S. A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA USA. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Keppel-Aleks, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gka@alum.mit.edu RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen/A-3239-2013; Schneider, Tapio /A-7038-2014; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Schneider, Tapio /0000-0001-5687-2287; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU NASA [NNX08AI86G]; NSF; AAUW; New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology [C01X0204, C01X0703, C01X0406]; National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration; Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) Midwestern Region [050516Z19]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Biology Directorate [DEB-0845166]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Senate of Bremen; EU FX Support for this work from NASA Carbon Cycle Program grant NNX08AI86G is gratefully acknowledged. GKA acknowledges fellowships from NSF and AAUW. The simulations used in this study were performed on the Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences Dell Cluster. Lauder TCCON measurements are funded by New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology contracts C01X0204, C01X0703, and C01X0406. HIPPO is supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration. CarbonTracker 2009 results were provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov. LEF flux tower observations were made possible with assistance from A. Andrews (NOAA), J. Thom (UW), D. Baumann and M. Kubiske (USFS), and R. Strand and J. Ayers of the Wisconsin Educational Communications Board, and supported by Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) Midwestern Region Subagreement 050516Z19 and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Biology Directorate Grant DEB-0845166. RJA was sponsored by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We acknowledge financial support by the Senate of Bremen and the EU projects IMECC and GEOmon as well as maintainance and logistical work provided by AeroMeteo Service (Bialystok). NR 50 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 875 EP 891 DI 10.5194/bg-9-875-2012 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 917LX UT WOS:000302179500001 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Dunne, JP John, J AF Gnanadesikan, A. Dunne, J. P. John, J. TI Understanding why the volume of suboxic waters does not increase over centuries of global warming in an Earth System Model SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; OCEAN VENTILATION; PART I; CARBON; 21ST-CENTURY; MULTIMODEL; SIMULATION AB Global warming is expected to reduce oxygen solubility and vertical exchange in the ocean, changes which would be expected to result in an increase in the volume of hypoxic waters. A simulation made with a full Earth System model with dynamical atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and biogeochemical cycling (the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Earth System Model 2.1) shows that this holds true if the condition for hypoxia is set relatively high. However, the volume of the most hypoxic (i.e., suboxic) waters does not increase under global warming, as these waters actually become more oxygenated. We show that the rise in dissolved oxygen in the tropical Pacific is associated with a drop in ventilation time. A term-by-term analysis within the least oxygenated waters shows an increased supply of dissolved oxygen due to lateral diffusion compensating an increase in remineralization within these highly hypoxic waters. This lateral diffusive flux is the result of an increase of ventilation along the Chilean coast, as a drying of the region under global warming opens up a region of wintertime convection in our model. The results highlight the potential sensitivity of suboxic waters to changes in subtropical ventilation as well as the importance of constraining lateral eddy transport of dissolved oxygen in such waters. C1 [Gnanadesikan, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gnanadesikan, A.; Dunne, J. P.; John, J.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM gnanades@jhu.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1159 EP 1172 DI 10.5194/bg-9-1159-2012 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 917LX UT WOS:000302179500021 ER PT J AU Shrestha, P Ochia, A Cheung, KP Campbell, JP Baumgart, H Harris, G AF Shrestha, P. Ochia, A. Cheung, K. P. Campbell, J. P. Baumgart, H. Harris, G. TI High-Speed Endurance and Switching Measurements for Memristive Switches SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Accurate capture of the Set/Reset characteristics is a necessary but challenging task for the development of memristive switches. Here we describe and demonstrate a technique capable of meeting this challenge. This technique can measure the transient current during the Set/Reset operation with a rise time of 4 ns and simultaneously measure the OFF state resistance (R-off) to 1.6G Omega and the ON state resistance (R-on) to less than 10 Omega. It can also rapidly cycle through the sense states to study endurance. Solid electrolyte Pt/Ta2O5/Cu memristive switches (R-on/R-off ratio of > 10(4)) are used to highlight this new measurement capability. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.002206esl] All rights reserved. C1 [Shrestha, P.; Ochia, A.; Cheung, K. P.; Campbell, J. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shrestha, P.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Baumgart, H.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Ochia, A.; Harris, G.] Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Shrestha, P (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kin.cheung@nist.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 EI 1944-8775 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP H173 EP H175 DI 10.1149/2.002206esl PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 910QS UT WOS:000301656700026 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Salazar, L Roytman, L AF Kogan, Felix Salazar, Luis Roytman, Leonid TI Forecasting crop production using satellite-based vegetation health indices in Kansas, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION; NOAA-14 SPACECRAFT; AVHRR; DROUGHT; YIELD AB This article shows the results of early crop yield prediction from remote-sensing data. The study was carried out in Kansas, USA. The methodology proposed allows the estimation of winter wheat (WW), sorghum and corn yields 3-4 months before harvest. The procedure uses the vegetation health (VH) indices (vegetation condition index (VCI) and temperature condition index (TCI)) computed for each pixel and week over a 21-year period (1985-2005) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Over this period, a strong correlation was found between crop yield and VH indices during the weather-related critical period of crop development, which controls much final crop productivity. The 3-month advanced yield forecasts were independently compared with official agricultural statistics, showing that the estimation errors for WW, sorghum and corn were 8%, 6% and 3%, respectively. Implementing the 3-4 months lead forecast in operational practice will aid farmers to mitigate weather vagaries using irrigation, diseases/insects control, application of fertilizers and so on during a growing season and will help decision-makers to regulate marketing strategies, import/export and price policies and address food security issues. C1 [Kogan, Felix] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20276 USA. [Salazar, Luis] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20276 USA. EM Felix.Kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2798 EP 2814 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.621464 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917HF UT WOS:000302162800007 ER PT J AU Helmert, K Hassler, B Seltmann, JEE AF Helmert, Kathleen Hassler, Birgit Seltmann, Joerg E. E. TI An operational tool to quality control 2D radar reflectivity data for assimilation in COSMO-DE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NONPRECIPITATING ECHOES; IDENTIFICATION; REMOVAL; PROFILE AB An operational tool has been designed to enhance the quality of 2D radar reflectivity data for assimilation in COSMO-DE within the German Weather Service (DWD). This article describes the operational algorithms including their testing, the creation of local and composite quality-index fields and their application to improve data assimilation. In the first step, algorithms have been developed and tested to define and identify some of the most severe errors in radar data: corrupt images, low-reflectivity phenomena, which occur under special meteorological conditions, spokes, rings and clutter remnants/speckles. The algorithms use simple but effective tests based on statistical and textural characteristics of spurious signals. The results are stored in an 8-bit quality-index field created concurrently with the radar data at each radar station. It contains quality flags for each individual range bin plus some header information on the overall quality of the underlying data set. The independent coding of error bits enables a differentiated a posteriori decision on whether a range bin is to be used for a given application. These local quality index fields are then used to create a radar precipitation composite, accompanied by a quality-index composite, covering Germany. This tool has now been applied operationally throughout the German radar network. As a result, the radar data quality in data assimilation could be increased. C1 [Helmert, Kathleen] German Weather Serv, Offenbach, Germany. [Hassler, Birgit; Seltmann, Joerg E. E.] German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Hassler, Birgit] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, Birgit] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Helmert, K (reprint author), German Weather Serv, Offenbach, Germany. EM Kathleen.Helmert@dwd.de RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010 OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3456 EP 3471 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.592161 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917HP UT WOS:000302163800007 ER PT J AU Raja, MKRV Wu, XQ Yu, FF AF Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Wu, Xiangqian Yu, Fangfang TI Assessment of MetOp-A Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) short-wave infrared channel measurements using Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations and line-by-line radiative transfer model simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; RADIANCES; NOAA-16 AB MetOp-A satellite-based hyper-spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations are used to evaluate the accuracy of the broadband short-wave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric window channel (channel 3B) centred at 3.74 mu m of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) carried on the same platform. To complement the partial spectral coverage of IASI, line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM)-simulated IASI spectra are used. The comparisons result in significant negative AVHRR minus IASI bias in radiance (similar to-0.04 mW m(-2) sr(-1) cm(-1)) with scene temperature dependency in which the absolute value of the bias linearly increases with increasing temperature. It is demonstrated that the negative bias and the scene temperature dependency of the bias are the results of significant absorption in the portion of AVHRR spectral band not seen by IASI, leading to the conclusion that MetOp-A AVHRR channel 3B is not purely an 'atmospheric window' channel. C1 [Raja, M. K. Rama Varma] NASA, NPP OMPS Sci Operat Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Yu, Fangfang] NOAA, Sensor Phys Branch, ERT Syst Inc, NESDIS,STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Raja, MKRV (reprint author), NASA, NPP OMPS Sci Operat Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM ramavarmaraja.mundakkara-kovilakom@nasa.gov RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU I.M. Systems Group, Inc.; NOAA/NESDIS/STAR; NOAA [IA1-1016] FX The authors are grateful to Dr Michael Weinreb of NOAA/NESDIS/SOCC for helpful discussions during the course of the work. M. K. Rama Varma Raja also gratefully acknowledges the helpful discussions during the course of the reported work with Dr Changyong Cao (NOAA/NESDIS/STAR), Dr Likun Wang (Dell Services Federal Government@NOAA/NESDIS/STAR) and Dr Ruiyue Chen (I. M. Systems Group, Inc.@NOAA/NESDIS/STAR). M. K. Rama Varma Raja gratefully acknowledges the support received from I.M. Systems Group, Inc., during the course of this work. This work was funded by the NOAA/NESDIS/STAR cal/val project and the NOAA Science Data Stewardship project through the interagency agreement IA1-1016. The contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of the NOAA or the US Government. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 16 BP 5240 EP 5250 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.656766 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917JE UT WOS:000302169400022 ER PT J AU Ilicak, M Adcroft, AJ Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW AF Ilicak, Mehmet Adcroft, Alistair J. Griffies, Stephen M. Hallberg, Robert W. TI Spurious dianeutral mixing and the role of momentum closure SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Spurious dianeutral transport; Cabbeling; Overflows; Exchange-flow; Ocean models; Momentum transport; Tracer advection; Reference potential energy ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; FINITE-VOLUME; Z-COORDINATE; PART I; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ADVECTION SCHEME; NUMERICAL-MODEL; FREE-SURFACE; SIMULATION AB This paper examines spurious dianeutral transport within a suite of ocean models (GOLD, MITGCM, MOM, and ROMS). We quantify such transport through a global diagnostic that computes the reference potential energy, whose evolution arises solely through transport between density classes. Previous studies have focused on the importance of accurate tracer advection schemes in reducing the spurious transport and closure. The present study highlights complementary issues associated with momentum transport. Spurious dianeutral transport is shown to be directly proportional to the lateral grid Reynolds number (Re-Delta), with such transport significantly reduced when Re-Delta < 10. Simulations with the isopycnal model GOLD provide a benchmark for the smallest level of spurious dianeutral transport realizable in our model suite. For idealized simulations with a linear equation of state. GOLD exhibits identically zero spurious dianeutral mixing, and thus maintains a constant reference potential energy when all physical mixing processes are omitted. Amongst the non-isopycnal models tested in idealized simulations, ROMS generally produces smaller spurious dianeutral mixing than MITGCM or MOM, since ROMS makes use of a higher order upwind-biased scheme for momentum transport that enforces a small Re-Delta. In contrast, MITGCM and MOM both employ unbiased (centered) discretizations of momentum transport, and therefore rely on lateral friction operators to control the grid Reynolds number. We find that a lateral shear-dependent Smagorinsky viscosity provides an effective means to locally reduce Re-Delta, and thus to reduce spurious dianeutral transport in MITGCM and MOM. In addition to four idealized simulations, we quantify spurious dianeutral transport in realistic global ocean climate simulations using GOLD and MOM with a realistic equation of state for seawater, both with and without mesoscale eddies in the resolved flow field. The GOLD simulations have detectable levels of spurious cabbeling from along isopycnal advective truncation errors. Significantly larger spurious dianeutral transport arises in a non-eddying MOM simulation. In an eddying MOM simulation, spurious dianeutral transport is larger still but is reduced by increasing momentum friction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilicak, Mehmet; Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert W.] Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Ilicak, Mehmet; Adcroft, Alistair J.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ilicak, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM mehmet.ilicak@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; ILICAK, Mehmet/H-2219-2011 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; ILICAK, Mehmet/0000-0002-4777-8835 NR 63 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2012 VL 45-46 BP 37 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.10.003 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 917ON UT WOS:000302187700004 ER PT J AU Tkacik, DS Luna-Cruz, Y Clinton, N Spak, S Ryan, J AF Tkacik, Daniel S. Luna-Cruz, Yaitza Clinton, Nicholas Spak, Scott Ryan, John TI Atmospheric correction for MASTER image data using localized modelled and observed meteorology and trace gases SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARCTAS-CARB PERIOD; OZONE; MODIS; CALIFORNIA; ALGORITHM AB Atmospheric correction for remote sensing-based studies typically does not use information from spatio-temporally resolved meteorological models. We assessed the effect of using observations and mesoscale weather and chemical transport models on multispectral retrievals of land and ocean properties. We performed two atmospheric corrections on image data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) airborne simulator over Monterey Bay, California. One correction used local atmospheric profiles of meteorology and trace gases at overpass and the other used the 1976 US Standard default atmospheric profile in the MODTRAN4 radiative transfer model. We found only minor impacts from atmospheric correction in the Fluorescence Line Height index of ocean chlorophyll, but substantive differences in retrievals of surface temperature and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Improvements in sea surface temperature retrieval were validated by in situ measurements. Results indicate that spatio-temporally specific atmospheric correction factors from mesoscale models can improve retrievals of surface properties from remotely sensed image data. C1 [Clinton, Nicholas] NASA, Airborne Sensor Facil, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tkacik, Daniel S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Luna-Cruz, Yaitza] Howard Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NOAA, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Spak, Scott] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ryan, John] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Clinton, N (reprint author), NASA, Airborne Sensor Facil, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM nicholas.clinton@nasa.gov RI Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; Tkacik, Daniel/G-5630-2011 OI Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Suborbital Education and Research Center (NSERC) FX This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Suborbital Education and Research Center (NSERC) during the 2009 Student Airborne Research Program (SARP). In situ data collection was supported by R. Kudela (University of California, Santa Cruz). NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.551550 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 918KH UT WOS:000302247900003 ER PT J AU Kovalskyy, V Roy, DP Zhang, X Ju, JC AF Kovalskyy, Valeriy Roy, David P. Zhang, Xiaoyang Ju, Junchang TI The suitability of multi-temporal web-enabled Landsat data NDVI for phenological monitoring - a comparison with flux tower and MODIS NDVI SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION PHENOLOGY; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; RADIATION SENSORS; NORTH-AMERICA; SATELLITE; ALBEDO; PARAMETERS; PRODUCTS; SURFACE AB Three years of flux-tower-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data were compared with contemporaneous 30 m web-enabled Landsat data (WELD) and with 500 m Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) nadir bidirectional reflectance distribution function-adjusted reflectance (NBAR) NDVI data to assess the relative suitability of these different resolutions of freely available satellite data for phenological monitoring. Comparisons were made at two flux tower sites in the United States with average to above average cloud cover. The WELD 30 m NDVI data were found to have higher correlation with the flux tower NDVI data than the MODIS 500 m NBAR NDVI data. The dates of vegetation green-up onset and maximum-greenness onset, derived using an established phenological metric extraction methodology, were generally closer between the flux tower and WELD NDVI data than between the flux tower and MODIS NBAR data. These results indicate that the WELD NDVI time series is suitable for 30 m scale phenological monitoring. C1 [Kovalskyy, Valeriy; Roy, David P.; Ju, Junchang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20701 USA. RP Kovalskyy, V (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Valeriy.Kovalskyy@sdstate.edu RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.593581 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 918KK UT WOS:000302248200006 ER PT S AU Wang, YM AF Wang, Yan Ming BE Sneeuw, N Novak, P Crespi, M Sanso, F TI On the Omission Errors Due to Limited Grid Size in Geoid Computations SO VII HOTINE-MARUSSI SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL GEODESY SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy CY JUN 06-10, 2009 CL Sapienza Univ Rome, Fac Engn, Rome, ITALY SP Federazione delle Assoc Scientifiche per Informazioni Territoriali Ambientali (ASITA), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), European Space Agcy (ESA) HO Sapienza Univ Rome, Fac Engn DE Geoid; Omission error; RTM effect AB Based on the assumption that the ultra-high frequencies of the gravity field are produced by the topography variations, we compute the omission errors by using 3 arc-second elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). It is shown that the maximum omission errors to the geoid are in the range of dm, cm and sub-cm level for grid sizes of 5 '', 2 '' and 1 '' over the contiguous United States (CONUS), respectively. The results suggest that a 1 arc-minute grid size is sufficient for the 1-cm geoid, even for areas with very rough topography. The results also show that the omission errors to gravity are significant even for 100 grid size, at which the smoothed-out gravity still reaches tens of mGals. The omission errors to gravity at a 5 '' grid size peaks above 1 '' mGals, demonstrating the importance of correction of residual terrain to gravity observations in data gridding or block mean value computations. The results are also compared with those based on Kaula's rule. While the omission errors based on Kaula's rule are +/- 0.5 and +/- 3.0 cm for 1 '' and 5 '' grid size, respectively, the RMS values of the omission error in this paper are +/- 0.1 and +/- 1.1 cm. The differences suggest Kaula's rule may overestimate the power of the gravity field at the ultra-high frequency band, which renders the convergence studies of the spherical harmonic series based on Kaula's rule questionable. C1 Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM YAN.WANG@NOAA.GOV RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-22078-4; 978-3-642-22077-7 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2012 VL 137 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-22078-4_33 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BZN52 UT WOS:000302145900033 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Can the Miscibility of Telechelic Polymer Solutions Increase with Polymer Chain Length? SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE MODEL; BLENDS; WATER AB Increasing the molar mass of the polymers in blends and in solutions tends to decrease miscibility, but application of the lattice cluster theory for strongly interactiong polymer systems to telechelic polymer solutions explains why this usual trend can be inverted, a situation actually observed in some telechelic polymer solutions and blends. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu FU NSF [CHE-1111918] FX The paper is supported, in part, by NSF Grant No. CHE-1111918. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 88 EP 91 DI 10.1021/mz200101p PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 913YR UT WOS:000301913800021 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Chung, JY Stafford, CM AF Lee, Jung-Hyun Chung, Jun Young Stafford, Christopher M. TI Effect of Confinement on Stiffness and Fracture of Thin Amorphous Polymer Films SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULI; CRACKING; STRESS; MEMBRANES; STRENGTH; SURFACES AB The elastic modulus, fracture strength, and onset fracture strain of supported glassy polystyrene films with a thickness ranging from 250 to 9 nm were quantitatively determined by a recently developed wrinkling-cracking method. Films with a thickness below about 40 nm showed a decrease in both elastic modulus and fracture strength with decreasing film thickness, whereas the onset fracture strain was shown to increase. The observed variations in mechanical properties with respect to the bulk counterparts support the notion that a mechanically soft thin layer having a loosely entangled chain network exists in the near-surface region of polymeric materials, whose contribution becomes more pronounced in thinner films. C1 [Lee, Jung-Hyun; Chung, Jun Young; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1021/mz200090a PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 913YR UT WOS:000301913800028 ER PT J AU Wang, J Bai, XZ Wang, DX Wang, DR Hu, HG Yang, XY AF Wang, Jia Bai, Xuezhi Wang, Dongxiao Wang, Daoru Hu, Haoguo Yang, Xiaoyi TI Impacts of the Siberian High and Arctic Oscillation on the East Asia winter monsoon: Driving downwelling in the western Bering Sea SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aleutian low; coupled ice-ocean model; marginal seas; semi-enclosed seas ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LABRADOR SEA; OCEAN MODEL; ICE AB The relationships between the wind fields of the East Asia winter monsoon (EAWM), the Siberian High (SH), and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) were investigated using reanalysis products. The winter anomalies of the wind fields were systematically examined from the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk (SoO), the Sea of Japan (SOJ), the East China Sea (ECS), and all the way to the South China Sea (SCS). The sea-level pressure (SLP) difference between the SH and the Aleutian Low (AL) determines the intensity of the EAWM. Wind field anomalies are controlled directly by the SH and indirectly by the AO that has significant impacts on the SH and AL. It is found that +SH enhances the EAWM, while +AO reduces the intensity of the EAWM by reducing the SLP difference (gradient) between the SH and AL; vice versa for the -SH and -AO, respectively. The surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies caused by the +SH result in a significant cooling in the downstream regions and a warming in the upstream regions; vice versa for the negative phase of the SH. The +AO produces a large warming in northern Eurasian and a cooling in the Bering Sea. Furthermore, using a Coupled Ice-Ocean Model (CIOM), it is found that the EAWM can produce a downwelling and dense water formation along the Siberian coast in the western Bering Sea, and also a significant surface-to-bottom convection over the Bering shelf, forming the winter shelf water, which can survive the summer as the so-called cold pool. The cold pool in the Bering Sea has significant impacts on marine ecosystems and habitat including fisheries, which has much implication to other marginal seas of East Asia. C1 [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Bai, Xuezhi; Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, Dongxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Daoru] Hainan Marine Dev & Design Inst, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Yang, Xiaoyi] Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM jia.wang@noaa.gov RI WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012 FU NOAA RUSALCA FX We thank supports from the NOAA RUSALCA (Joint Russian-American Long-Term Census of the Arctic) International Polar Year modeling project. We want to thank two anonymous reviewers for their very constructive comments, which helped significantly improve this paper. Thanks also go to Cathy Darnell of NOAA GLERL for editing this paper. This is also GLERL Contribution No. 1617. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1080/14634988.2012.648860 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 914NE UT WOS:000301956600005 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Schmidt, CC Schmit, TJ Hillger, DW AF Miller, Steven D. Schmidt, Christopher C. Schmit, Timothy J. Hillger, Donald W. TI A case for natural colour imagery from geostationary satellites, and an approximation for the GOES-R ABI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; AEROSOL; MODIS; CHLOROPHYLL; RETRIEVAL; WATER; SCATTERING; FEATURES; PARTICLE; COASTAL AB 'Natural' (or 'true') colour imagery, so-called for its qualitative likeness to colour photography, is one of the most visually intuitive and readily communicable forms of satellite information. It is constructed by combining solar reflectance measurements from three narrow spectral bands defining the red, green and blue wavelengths of visible light. Natural colour facilitates the interpretation of multiple components in the complex earth/atmosphere scene and, therefore, it is widely used by experts and non-experts alike to visualize many forms of geophysical phenomena. Although sensors on board low-Earth-orbiting (LEO) satellites have long-demonstrated the superior quality of natural colour imagery over various other 'false colour' renditions, similar capabilities currently do not exist on sensors operating in geostationary orbits that offer distinct advantages over LEO in terms of high temporal refresh. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) of the next-generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R series will include the blue and red bands, but is missing the 0.55 mu m green band necessary for producing natural colour. The emphases of this article are twofold. First, we consider the merits of natural colour imagery from the standpoints of both science and operational users, and the philosophical roadblocks of a system definition process that seems inherently ill-equipped to consider qualitative user requirements. Second, we present a mitigation strategy for GOES-R ABI that entails synthesizing the missing ABI green band information via its correlation with spectrally adjacent available bands, with a first-order account for surface type dependencies. The technique is developed, demonstrated and evaluated here using Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. C1 [Miller, Steven D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schmidt, Christopher C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, ASPB, Madison, WI USA. [Hillger, Donald W.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM miller@cira.colostate.edu RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; FU programme office at PEO via Naval Research Laboratory [C4I PMW-120, PE 0603207N, N00173-10-C-2003]; NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) GOES-R Program Office FX This work was supported by the Oceanographer of the Navy through the programme office at PEO C4I PMW-120 (PE 0603207N) via Naval Research Laboratory (contract N00173-10-C-2003), and by the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) GOES-R Program Office. We thank Liam Gumley (SSEC/UW-Madison), Jacques Descloitres (NASA/GSFC), and Jeffrey Schmaltz (NASA/GSFC) for software assistance, and Scott Bachmeier (Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, UW-Madison) for directing us towards useful case studies. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or United States government position, policy, or decision. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 13 BP 3999 EP 4028 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.637529 PG 30 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917IX UT WOS:000302168500002 ER PT J AU Winder, VL Pennington, PL Hurd, MW Wirth, EF AF Winder, Virginia L. Pennington, Paul L. Hurd, Mark W. Wirth, Ed F. TI Fluoxetine effects on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) locomotor activity SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Fluoxetine; locomotor activity; pharmaceuticals; serotonin; sheepshead minnow ID BRAIN SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY; CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL RANK; FISH; ACETYLCHOLINE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; ZEBRAFISH AB Fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is among the top 100 drugs prescribed annually in the United States and the United Kingdom and is one of many pharmaceutical products that have been detected in global surface waters. Our study used sublethal concentrations to assess the impact of FLX exposure on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) locomotor behavior. Exposures lasted for 56 hours, and fish were recorded for locomotor behavior assessment at six timepoints between 1-56 h post-dose. Behavior was recorded to quantify locomotor activity using line crossing counts. Animals treated with 300 mu g L-1 FLX exhibited reduced locomotor activity at 1, 25, 32, 49 and 56 h post-dose. An EC25 value of 2 mu g L-1 (lower and upper 95 % confidence limits at 1.3, 43 mu g L-1, respectively) was determined for locomotor activity at 32 h of exposure. Changes in locomotor activity due to FLX exposure may have implications for the ecological response of populations to other natural and anthropogenic stressors. C1 [Winder, Virginia L.; Pennington, Paul L.; Wirth, Ed F.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Pennington, Paul L.; Wirth, Ed F.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. [Hurd, Mark W.] Coll Charleston, Dept Psychol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Hurd, Mark W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Winder, VL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM vlw3056@uncw.edu NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1080/03601234.2012.607767 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 916AD UT WOS:000302067900007 PM 22022788 ER PT J AU Manley, TO McCormick, M Gascard, JC Tillier, P Hunkins, KL Manley, PL AF Manley, T. O. McCormick, Michael Gascard, Jean Claude Tillier, Pierre Hunkins, Kenneth L. Manley, Patricia L. TI An initial view of subsurface Lagrangian observations in Lake Champlain: General patterns, cross-lake flow and coastal currents SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cross-lake flow; Ekman dynamics; Lake Champlain; Lagrangian; Sub-surface floats; Kelvin wave ID WAVES; BASIN AB Subsurface free-drifting floats operating in the Main Lake of Lake Champlain in 2002 and 2004 showed the presence of 1) small circular to elliptical motion away from coastal boundaries, 2) linear to curvilinear motion associated with alongshore currents and 3) subsurface westward cross-lake flow located within the base of the epilimnion and upper metalimnion (10-16 m) followed by large displacements up to 48 km by a coastal current. This subsurface westward flow is believed to be driven by linked upwelling and downwelling regimes on either side of the lake. Subsurface moorings deployed for similar to 34 days in 2007 and within 1 km of Whallon Bay's (NY) western shore showed that Kelvin wave dynamics and a high-speed subsurface jet located above the metalimnic core and >600 m offshore could account for these large southerly transports. This subsurface jet may be linked to the cross-lake flow due to similar vertical positioning. The southern concave shape of Whallon Bay also appears to be the cause of high-speed northward-flowing currents within 400 m of the shore. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Manley, T. O.; Manley, Patricia L.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [McCormick, Michael] NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gascard, Jean Claude] Univ Paris 06, LODYC Tour 14 15, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Tillier, Pierre] SeaScan, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Hunkins, Kenneth L.] Columbia Univ, LDEO, Palisades, NY USA. RP Manley, TO (reprint author), Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, 242 Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. EM tmanley@middlebury.edu; Michael.McCormick@noaa.gov; gascard@lodyc.jussieu.fr; SeaScan@cape.com; hunkins@Ideo.columbia.edu; tmanley@middlebury.edu FU NOAA; Vermont Waters Resource Research Center; Lintilhac Foundation and Middlebury College FX This project was funded through NOAA appropriations to Lake Champlain, the Vermont Waters Resource Research Center, the Lintilhac Foundation and Middlebury College. Many thanks go to Captain Richard Furbish and first mate Mark Eisenhower of the UVM research vessel Melosira for their professional excellence, countless mooring/float deployments and recoveries along with their unparalleled camaraderie. Sincere thanks to John Sinclair of the Vermont State Police Marine Patrol who found our missing 2003 drifter. Special note is given to the Middlebury College oceanography class of 2007 that helped deploy, recover and provide some of the initial analysis of the data from the Whallon Bay mooring array. Many discussions with Dima Beletsky were extremely valuable in the development of this manuscript. Modeling and visual display of many of the images within this document were created using earthVisions by Dynamic Graphics, Inc, Alameda, CA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 1 SI SI BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.07.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TF UT WOS:000301514000008 ER PT J AU Forbes, TP Forry, SP AF Forbes, Thomas P. Forry, Samuel P. TI Microfluidic magnetophoretic separations of immunomagnetically labeled rare mammalian cells SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELLS; PARAMAGNETIC BEADS; CAPTURE; DEVICES; MODEL; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; CANCER AB Immunomagnetic isolation and magnetophoresis in microfluidics have emerged as viable techniques for the separation, fractionation, and enrichment of rare cells. Here we present the development and characterization of a microfluidic system that incorporates an angled permanent magnet for the lateral magnetophoresis of superparamagnetic beads and labeled cell-bead complexes. A numerical model, based on the relevant transport processes, is developed as a design tool for the demonstration and prediction of magnetophoretic displacement. We employ a dimensionless magnetophoresis parameter to efficiently investigate the design space, gain insight into the physics of the system, and compare results across the vast spectrum of magnetophoretic microfluidic systems. The numerical model and theoretical analysis are experimentally validated by the lateral magnetophoretic deflection of superparamagnetic beads and magnetically labeled breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells in a microfluidic device that incorporates a permanent magnet angled relative to the flow. Through the dimensionless magnetophoresis parameter, the transition between regimes of magnetophoretic action, from hydrodynamically dominated (magnetic deflection) to magnetically dominated (magnetic capture), is experimentally identified. This powerful tool and theoretical framework enables efficient device and experiment design of biologically relevant systems, taking into account their inherent variability and labeling distributions. This analysis identifies the necessary beads, magnet configuration (orientation), magnet type (permanent, ferromagnetic, electromagnet), flow rate, channel geometry, and buffer to achieve the desired level of magnetophoretic deflection or capture. C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.; Forry, Samuel P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forry, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.forry@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 FU National Cancer Institute (NCI) [Y1-CN-0001-01] FX We would like to thank Alessandro Tona at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for his assistance establishing and maintaining the MCF-7 cell line. This work was performed while TPF held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program (RAP) position. Financial support was also provided through an Interagency Agreement (Y1-CN-0001-01) with the National Cancer Institute (NCI). NR 42 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 70 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1471 EP 1479 DI 10.1039/c2lc40113d PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 914XL UT WOS:000301986500011 PM 22395226 ER PT J AU Muhling, BA Lamkin, JT Richards, WJ AF Muhling, Barbara A. Lamkin, John T. Richards, William J. TI Decadal-scale responses of larval fish assemblages to multiple ecosystem processes in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Ichthyoplankton; Multivariate statistics; Community analyses ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT REGION; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; MYCTOPHID FISHES; BROWN SHRIMP; VARIABILITY AB Larval fish assemblages have been systematically sampled across the continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico since the early 1980s. To date, these data have not been analyzed in terms of assemblage structure or variability, despite representing a highly valuable resource for examining decadal-scale change. In this study, multivariate statistical techniques were used to characterize temporal and spatial changes in abundances of the larvae of 20 common fish families from the early 1980s through to the late 2000s. The larvae of some pelagic and mesopelagic families showed marked increases in abundance over the survey time period, while the abundances of some benthic families decreased. Changes in assemblage structure were partially explained by changes in the Gulf of Mexico environment with respect to sea surface temperature and changes in shrimp trawling effort. Outflow from the Mississippi River was also influential on the interannual assemblage variability. However, the strong directional trends apparent in many family groups remained unexplained, and further research is required to discern the drivers of these patterns. C1 [Muhling, Barbara A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lamkin, John T.; Richards, William J.] NOAA, NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Muhling, BA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM barbara.muhling@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 450 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.3354/meps09540 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915ZK UT WOS:000302066000003 ER PT J AU Gaos, AR Lewison, RL Wallace, BP Yanez, IL Liles, MJ Nichols, WJ Baquero, A Hasbun, CR Vasquez, M Urteaga, J Seminoff, JA AF Gaos, Alexander R. Lewison, Rebecca L. Wallace, Bryan P. Yanez, Ingrid L. Liles, Michael J. Nichols, Wallace J. Baquero, Andres Hasbun, Carlos R. Vasquez, Mauricio Urteaga, Jose Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Spatial ecology of critically endangered hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata: implications for management and conservation SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Satellite telemetry; Movement; Home range; Mangrove estuary; Migration; Protected area; Eastern Pacific ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; GREEN TURTLES; SEA-TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; POPULATION-MODEL; COASTAL WATERS; TRACKING DATA AB Elucidating spatio-temporal movements of animals is an integral component of wildlife conservation and protected species management. Between 2008 and 2010 we satellite tracked 15 adult female hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata in the eastern Pacific Ocean to evaluate their movement behavior and to guide management and conservation efforts of this highly endangered population. Movements and habitat use were highly neritic, and post-nesting migration distances (maximum = 283.11 km) were short relative to migrations of other sea turtle species. In foraging areas, the majority of hawksbills established restricted, inshore home ranges within mangrove estuaries. A large proportion (>65%) of turtle location points fell within protected areas, although many of these sites lack enforcement and monitoring. The consistent use of estuarine and mangrove habitat for nesting and foraging may explain why hawksbills went virtually undetected in the eastern Pacific for decades. The spatially restricted and neritic life cycles of adult hawksbills in the eastern Pacific highlight threats (e. g. overlap with coastal fisheries, increased susceptibility to habitat degradation and/or catastrophic events) and opportunities for conservation (e. g. acute conservation target areas, less variant jurisdictional boundaries/regulations) for this species. Our results underscore the importance of strengthening protected area management, mangrove estuary protection and hawksbill research and conservation in the eastern Pacific. C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Wallace, Bryan P.; Yanez, Ingrid L.; Liles, Michael J.; Nichols, Wallace J.; Baquero, Andres; Vasquez, Mauricio; Urteaga, Jose; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA 92102 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Liles, Michael J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Nichols, Wallace J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Baquero, Andres] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador. [Baquero, Andres] Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito 022971700, Ecuador. [Hasbun, Carlos R.] US Agcy Int Dev, San Salvador 22352506, El Salvador. [Vasquez, Mauricio] Univ Salvador, Inst Ciencias Mary Limnol, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Urteaga, Jose] Fauna & Flora Int, Managua, Nicaragua. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA 92102 USA. EM gaos@hawksbill.org FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Machalilla National Park; Paso Pacifico; Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada; Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos; Cooperativa de Pescadores El Maculis; Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador; Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo; Los Zorros y Padre Ramos; Ocean Foundation FX We thank Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Machalilla National Park, Paso Pacifico, Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada, Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos, Cooperativa de Pescadores El Maculis, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador, Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo, Los Zorros y Padre Ramos and The Ocean Foundation for financial/logisitical support. We also thank the following individuals: Rene Flores, Cristabel Flores, Georgina Mariona, Wilfredo Lopez, Tarla Peterson, Sarah Otterstrom, Liza Gonzalez, Salvador Sanchez, Perla Torres, Eduardo Altamirano Urbina, Eddy Maradiaga, Luis Manzanares, Micaela Pena, Juan Pablo Munoz, Gabriela Anhalzer, Felipe Vallejo, Michelle Pico, Earl Possardt, Grover Jeane, Michael Carey, Philippe Gaspar, Remy Lopez, Michael Coyne and Harry Johnson. We acknowledge insightful comments from several anonymous reviewers. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 90 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 450 BP 181 EP U198 DI 10.3354/meps09591 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915ZK UT WOS:000302066000014 ER PT J AU Shaw, PW Hendrickson, L McKeown, NJ Stonier, T Naud, MJ Sauer, WHH AF Shaw, Paul W. Hendrickson, Lisa McKeown, Niall J. Stonier, Terry Naud, Marie-Jose Sauer, Warwick H. H. TI Population structure of the squid Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii on the eastern coast of the USA: Reply to Gerlach et al. (2012) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Squid; Population genetics; Fisheries management ID ATLANTIC COD AB Gerlach et al. (2012; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 450:281-283) argue that temporal instability in patterns of cryptic genetic differentiation in Doryteuthis pealeii, resulting from sampling of family groups, is the most likely explanation for differences in patterns of genetic differentiation presented in Buresch et al. (2006) and Shaw et al. (2010). We agree that temporal genetic patchiness might be an explanation, but disagree that cohesive and genetically differentiated family groups are the cause. We conclude that currently there is not enough evidence for temporally stable population differentiation, explained by a feasible biological/physical mechanism, to support management of the species as anything other than single genetic stocks across large geographical regions of the NW Atlantic. Further study of this species is warranted to understand the factors generating temporal genetic changes. C1 [Shaw, Paul W.; McKeown, Niall J.] Aberystwyth Univ, IBERS, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, Dyfed, Wales. [Hendrickson, Lisa] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shaw, Paul W.; Stonier, Terry; Sauer, Warwick H. H.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Ichthyol & Fisheries Sci, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Naud, Marie-Jose] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. RP Shaw, PW (reprint author), Aberystwyth Univ, IBERS, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, Dyfed, Wales. EM pws3@aber.ac.uk NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 450 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.3354/meps09652 PG 3 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915ZK UT WOS:000302066000023 ER PT J AU Morishige, C McElwee, K AF Morishige, Carey McElwee, Kris TI At-sea detection of derelict fishing gear in the North Pacific: An overview SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marine debris; North Pacific; Remote sensing; Derelict fishing gear; Detection ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MARINE DEBRIS ACCUMULATION; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; MONK SEAL; HABITAT; MIGRATION; FORAGE; OCEAN AB There are numerous known impacts of derelict fishing gear (DFG) to marine ecosystems and safe navigation around the world. To mitigate these impacts, the preemptive detection and removal of DFG at sea are being pursued. This special issue focuses on the North Pacific Ocean because of historic and ongoing research on DFG in the area, particularly as it relates to the Hawaiian Archipelago. In order to develop an effective detection strategy, information and expertise from three disciplines must be integrated: marine debris, oceanography, and remote sensing technology. Building upon results and discussions during a workshop held in December 2008, this special issue provides both results of original research and review papers, pursuing each discipline as it relates to DFG and outlining a multi-faceted strategy to effectively detect DFG at sea. This strategy serves as a roadmap, taking us closer to realizing the goal of detecting and removing DFG at sea. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morishige, Carey] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Morishige, Carey; McElwee, Kris] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Morishige, C (reprint author), NOAA Marine Debris Program, 6600 Kalanianaole Highway,Suite 300, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. EM carey.morishige@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.017 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913SE UT WOS:000301896900001 PM 21689834 ER PT J AU McElwee, K Donohue, MJ Courtney, CA Morishige, C Rivera-Vicente, A AF McElwee, Kris Donohue, Mary J. Courtney, Catherine A. Morishige, Carey Rivera-Vicente, Ariel TI A strategy for detecting derelict fishing gear at sea SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marine debris; Remote sensing; Derelict fishing gear ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MARINE DEBRIS; MONK SEAL; ACCUMULATION; NORTH; ENVIRONMENTS; PREDATION; POLYMERS; THREAT; ZONE AB Derelict fishing gear (DFG) is a highly persistent form of marine pollution known to cause environmental and economic damage. At-sea detection of DFG would support pelagic removal of this gear to prevent and minimize impacts on marine environments and species. In 2008, experts in marine debris, oceanography, remote sensing, and marine policy outlined a strategy to develop the capability to detect and ultimately remove DFG from the open ocean. The strategy includes three interrelated components: understanding the characteristics of the targeted DFG, indirectly detecting DFG by modeling likely locations, and directly detecting pelagic DFG using remote sensing. Together, these components aim to refine the search area, increase the likelihood of detection, and decrease mitigation response time, thereby providing guidance for removal operations. Here, we present this at-sea detection strategy, relate it to relevant extant research and technology, and identify gaps that currently prevent successful at-sea detection and removal of DFG. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McElwee, Kris; Morishige, Carey] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Donohue, Mary J.] Univ Hawaii, Sea Grant Coll Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Courtney, Catherine A.] Tetra Tech Inc, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Morishige, Carey] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Rivera-Vicente, Ariel] Tetra Tech Inc, Carolina, PR 00984 USA. RP Morishige, C (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Debris Program, 737 Bishop St,Suite 2250, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM carey.morishige@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913SE UT WOS:000301896900002 PM 22018882 ER PT J AU Howell, EA Bograd, SJ Morishige, C Seki, MP Polovina, JJ AF Howell, Evan A. Bograd, Steven J. Morishige, Carey Seki, Michael P. Polovina, Jeffrey J. TI On North Pacific circulation and associated marine debris concentration SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE North Pacific; Marine debris; Garbage patch; Subtropical Convergence Zone; Kuroshio Extension Recirculation Gyre ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; SUB-TROPICAL FRONT; MONK SEAL; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; TRANSITION ZONE; EL-NINO; OCEAN; ACCUMULATION; VARIABILITY AB Marine debris in the oceanic realm is an ecological concern, and many forms of marine debris negatively affect marine life. Previous observations and modeling results suggest that marine debris occurs in greater concentrations within specific regions in the North Pacific Ocean, such as the Subtropical Convergence Zone and eastern and western "Garbage Patches". Here we review the major circulation patterns and oceanographic convergence zones in the North Pacific, and discuss logical mechanisms for regional marine debris concentration, transport, and retention. We also present examples of meso- and large-scale spatial variability in the North Pacific, and discuss their relationship to marine debris concentration. These include mesoscale features such as eddy fields in the Subtropical Frontal Zone and the Kuroshio Extension Recirculation Gyre, and interannual to decadal climate events such as El Nino and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation/North Pacific Gyre Oscillation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Howell, Evan A.; Seki, Michael P.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Morishige, Carey] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, IM Syst Grp, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. RP Howell, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Evan.Howell@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 52 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 42 U2 382 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.034 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913SE UT WOS:000301896900003 PM 21592531 ER PT J AU Pichel, WG Veenstra, TS Churnside, JH Arabini, E Friedman, KS Foley, DG Brainard, RE Kiefer, D Ogle, S Clemente-Colon, P Li, XF AF Pichel, William G. Veenstra, Timothy S. Churnside, James H. Arabini, Elena Friedman, Karen S. Foley, David G. Brainard, Russell E. Kiefer, Dale Ogle, Simeon Clemente-Colon, Pablo Li, Xiaofeng TI GhostNet marine debris survey in the Gulf of Alaska - Satellite guidance and aircraft observations SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marine debris; Gulf of Alaska; Remote sensing; GhostNet; Eddy ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; NORTHERN GULF; EDDIES; OCEAN; EDDY; ACCUMULATION; SEA AB Marine debris, particularly debris that is composed of lost or abandoned fishing gear, is recognized as a serious threat to marine life, vessels, and coral reefs. The goal of the GhostNet project is the detection of derelict nets at sea through the use of weather and ocean models, drifting buoys and satellite imagery to locate convergent areas where nets are likely to collect, followed by airborne surveys with trained observers and remote sensing instruments to spot individual derelict nets. These components of GhostNet were first tested together in the field during a 14-day marine debris survey of the Gulf of Alaska in July and August 2003. Model, buoy, and satellite data were used in flight planning. A manned aircraft survey with visible and IR cameras and a LIDAR instrument located debris in the targeted locations, including 102 individual pieces of debris of anthropogenic or terrestrial origin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pichel, William G.; Arabini, Elena; Friedman, Karen S.; Clemente-Colon, Pablo] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Veenstra, Timothy S.] Airborne Technologies Inc, Wasilla, AK 99654 USA. [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Foley, David G.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [Foley, David G.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Pacif Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kiefer, Dale; Ogle, Simeon] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Pichel, WG (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA, NESDIS, Room 102 WWB,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM William.G.Pichel@noaa.gov; tveenstra@atiak.com; James.H.Churnside@noaa.gov; Elena.arabini@unimore.it; kdubey@seaspace.com; Dave.Foley@noaa.gov; Rusty.Brainard@noaa.gov; Keifer@physics.usc.edu; simogle@gmail.com; Pablo.Clemente-Colon@noaa.gov; Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; FU NASA; NOAA/NESDIS FX The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable comments and suggestions obtained from the reviewers. Our thanks go to Christopher Jackson of Global Ocean Associates for developing Figs. 1, 5 and 6. A grant supporting this project was provided by NASA and administered through the State of Alaska. Additional funding for the satellite component of this project came from the Ocean Remote Sensing Program of NOAA/NESDIS. Synthetic aperture radar from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) RADARSAT-1 satellite were obtained from the Alaska Satellite Facility of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Sea surface height anomaly data was obtained from the University of Colorado - Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research. Mention of a commercial product does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 28 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.009 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913SE UT WOS:000301896900005 PM 22088492 ER PT J AU Veenstra, TS Churnside, JH AF Veenstra, Timothy S. Churnside, James H. TI Airborne sensors for detecting large marine debris at sea SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marine debris; Derelict fishing gear; North pacific subtropical convergence; Ghost nets; Remote sensing ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SUBTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; PI-SAR DATA; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; PLASTIC DEBRIS; DUAL-FREQUENCY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ICE THICKNESS; LIDAR; SEAWIFS AB The human eye is an excellent, general-purpose airborne sensor for detecting marine debris larger than 10 cm on or near the surface of the water. Coupled with the human brain, it can adjust for light conditions and sea-surface roughness, track persistence, differentiate color and texture, detect change in movement, and combine all of the available information to detect and identify marine debris. Matching this performance with computers and sensors is difficult at best. However, there are distinct advantages over the human eye and brain that sensors and computers can offer such as the ability to use finer spectral resolution, to work outside the spectral range of human vision, to control the illumination, to process the information in ways unavailable to the human vision system, to provide a more objective and reproducible result, to operate from unmanned aircraft, and to provide a permanent record that can be used for later analysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Veenstra, Timothy S.] Airborne Technol Inc, Wasilla, AK 99654 USA. [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Veenstra, TS (reprint author), Airborne Technol Inc, 4338 N Gunflint Trail, Wasilla, AK 99654 USA. EM tveenstra@atiak.com RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.11.018 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913SE UT WOS:000301896900008 PM 21300380 ER PT J AU Ebbesmeyer, CC Ingraham, WJ Jones, JA Donohue, MJ AF Ebbesmeyer, Curtis C. Ingraham, W. J. Jones, Jason A. Donohue, Mary J. TI Marine debris from the Oregon Dungeness crab fishery recovered in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Identification and oceanic drift paths SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; Oregon; Marine debris; Derelict fishing gear; Crab trap; Ocean currents ID PLASTIC DEBRIS; MONK SEAL; ACCUMULATION; NORTH AB Two Dungeness crab trap tags and floats lost off the State of Oregon, USA during the 2006-2007 fishing season were recovered 4 years later in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI): on Lisianski Island on July 15, 2010; and on Kure Atoll on December 10, 2010. This is the first documented recovery of marine debris from Oregon fisheries in the NWHI. We simulate the oceanic drift tracks of the derelict fishing gear with the Ocean Surface Current Simulator (OSCURS) model using estimated loss dates in Oregon based on interviews with the crab trap owners and known recovery sites and dates in the NWHI. These data confirm the US Pacific Northwest as a source of marine debris deposited in the NWHI and provide enhanced understanding of the oceanic drift pathways of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Donohue, Mary J.] Univ Hawaii, Sea Grant Coll Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jones, Jason A.] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Research, Nat Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Ingraham, W. J.] Drift Busters Inc, Camano Isl, WA USA. [Ebbesmeyer, Curtis C.] Beachcombers & Oceanographers Int Assoc, Seattle, WA USA. RP Donohue, MJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sea Grant Coll Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM curtisebbesmeyer@comcast.net; jim.ingraham@wavecable.com; donohuem@hawaii.edu NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.037 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913SE UT WOS:000301896900009 PM 22014917 ER PT J AU Huang, L Nichols, LAB Craig, JK Smith, MD AF Huang, Ling Nichols, Lauren A. B. Craig, J. Kevin Smith, Martin D. TI Measuring Welfare Losses from Hypoxia: The Case of North Carolina Brown Shrimp SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; dead zones; nutrient pollution; welfare analysis; bioeconomics; ecosystem-based management ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HABITAT DEGRADATION; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; WATER-QUALITY; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; PENAEUS-AZTECUS; DEMERSAL FISHES; CHESAPEAKE BAY AB While environmental stressors such as hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen) are perceived as a threat to the productivity of coastal ecosystems, policy makers have little information about the economic consequences for fisheries. Recent work on hypoxia develops a bioeconomic model to harness microdata and quantify the effects of hypoxia on North Carolina's brown shrimp fishery. This work finds that hypoxia is responsible for a 12.9% decrease in NC brown shrimp catches from 1999-2005 in the Neuse River Estuary and Pamlico Sound, assuming that vessels do not react to changes in abundance. The current article extends this work to explore the full economic consequences of hypoxia on the supply and demand for brown shrimp. Demand analysis reveals that the NC shrimp industry is too small to influence prices, which are driven entirely by imports and other domestic U.S. harvest. Thus, demand is flat and there are no measurable benefits to shrimp consumers from reduced hypoxia. On the supply side, we find that the shrimp fleet responds to variation in price, abundance, and weather Hence, the supply curve has some elasticity. Producer benefits of reduced hypoxia are less than a quarter of the computed gains from assuming no behavioral adjustment. C1 [Huang, Ling] Univ Connecticut, Dept Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Nichols, Lauren A. B.; Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Craig, J. Kevin] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Econ, 341 Mansfield Rd,Unit 1063, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ling.huang@uconn.edu; labnichols@gmail.com; kevin.craig@noaa.gov; marsmith@duke.edu RI Smith, Martin/D-9168-2016 OI Smith, Martin/0000-0002-4714-463X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA05NOS4781197] FX Financial support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award #NA05NOS4781197 to J. Kevin Craig, Larry B. Crowder, and Martin D. Smith (Duke University). This is CHRRP publication number 164. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 48 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 913TT UT WOS:000301901000002 ER PT B AU Speicher, M Harris, J AF Speicher, M. Harris, J. BE Mazzolani, F Herrera, R TI Seismic assessment of a new steel moment frame designed per ASCE 7 with ASCE 41 SO STESSA 2012: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEHAVIOUR OF STEEL STRUCTURES IN SEISMIC AREAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA) CY JAN 09-11, 2012 CL Santiago, CHILE SP Univ Chile, Dept Civil Engn, GERDAU AZA, ILAFA, ECCS CECM EKS, Chilean Assoc Seismol & Earthquake Engn (ACHISINA) AB Performance-based seismic design of existing buildings has been implemented in the US for seismic retrofits during the past decade (e. g. ASCE 41). Engineers are now starting to rely more heavily on the existing building procedures in ASCE 41 for the design of new buildings in order to justify satisfactory seismic performance. Though the International Existing Building Code contains a matrix that correlates ASCE 41 Performance Objectives with ASCE 7 Risk Categories, this matrix has not been comprehensively validated nor have the seismic performance expectations for new buildings been quantitatively assessed so to standardize acceptable performance. A research initiative is currently in progress to formally validate the link between seismic assessment per ASCE 41-06 and seismic design per ASCE 7-10. This paper reports the preliminary results of one aspect of this study, the assessment of an eight-story steel moment frame. Results indicate that, on average, the frame satisfies the structural performance criteria. Results also highlight that a few design and assessment provisions require further research in order to improve performance metrics. C1 [Speicher, M.; Harris, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Speicher, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62105-2 PY 2012 BP 867 EP 873 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BYU49 UT WOS:000300400100122 ER PT J AU Owen, M Mulholland, G Guthrie, W AF Owen, Miles Mulholland, George Guthrie, Will TI Condensation Particle Counter Proportionality Calibration from 1 Particle.cm(-3) to 10(4) Particles.cm(-3) SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NIST AB This article presents a process to calibrate a condensation particle counter (CPC) over the concentration range from 1 particle.cm(-3) to 10(4) particles.cm(-3) with traceability to SI units as realized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The process combines two independent steps: a proportionality assessment over the range of the CPC using a consistent diluter and an absolute calibration of the CPC with an aerosol electrometer (AE) at high concentrations. The proportionality assessment, which is the focus of the article, is analogous to the attenuation method for testing the proportionality of high-power laser detectors. This procedure tests the proportionality of one CPC by itself and does not require the use of a calibrated reference CPC. The primary calibration of the CPC with the AE at high concentrations allows for an absolute calibration with NIST traceability, resulting in a simple one-parameter correction to the measured CPC data. The proportionality test enables uncertainties to be assigned to the CPC over an extended range of concentration beyond the lower detection limit of the AE, thereby establishing measurement traceability for low concentrations. The relative expanded uncertainty of the CPC with a coverage factor of k = 2 is 2.8% over the range of about 1 particle.cm(-3) to 10(4) particles.cm(-3). C1 [Owen, Miles] USA, Primary Stand Lab, US Army TMDE Act, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Mulholland, George] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guthrie, Will] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Owen, M (reprint author), USA, Primary Stand Lab, US Army TMDE Act, Bldg 5435 Fowler Rd, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM miles.owen@us.army.mil FU US Air Force Primary Standards Laboratory in Heath, Ohio FX The authors would like to thank the US Air Force Primary Standards Laboratory in Heath, Ohio, for sponsoring this project. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.637998 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 912CG UT WOS:000301771600008 ER PT J AU Rim, D Green, M Wallace, L Persily, A Choi, JI AF Rim, Donghyun Green, Michal Wallace, Lance Persily, Andrew Choi, Jung-Il TI Evolution of Ultrafine Particle Size Distributions Following Indoor Episodic Releases: Relative Importance of Coagulation, Deposition and Ventilation SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SOURCE STRENGTHS; SMOOTH SURFACES; TEST CHAMBER; EMISSION; RATES; DYNAMICS; COOKING; FINE; GAS AB Indoor ultrafine particles (UFP,<100 nm) undergo aerosol processes such as coagulation and deposition, which alter UFP size distribution and accordingly the level of exposure to UFP of different sizes. This study investigates the decay of indoor UFP originated from five different sources: a gas stove and an electric stove, a candle, a hair dryer, and power tools in a residential test building. An indoor aerosol model was developed to investigate differential effects of coagulation, deposition, and ventilation. The coagulation model includes Brownian, van der Waals, and viscosity forces, and also fractal geometry for particles of >24 nm. The model was parameterized using different values of the Hamaker constant for predicting the coagulation rate. Deposition was determined for two different conditions: central fan on versus central fan off. For the case of a central fan running, deposition rates were measured by using a nonlinear solution to the mass balance equation for the whole building. For the central fan off case, an empirical model was used to estimate deposition rates. Ventilation was measured continuously using an automated tracer gas injection and sampling system. The study results show that coagulation is a significant aerosol process for UFP dynamics and the primary cause for the shift of particle size distribution following an episodic high-concentration UFP release with no fans operating. However, with the central mechanical fan on, UFP deposition loss is substantial and comparable to the coagulation loss. These results suggest that coagulation should be considered during high concentration periods (>20,000 cm(-3)), while particle deposition should be treated as a major loss mechanism when air recirculates through ductwork or mechanical systems. C1 [Choi, Jung-Il] Yonsei Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Rim, Donghyun; Green, Michal; Wallace, Lance; Persily, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, JI (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Engn, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jic@yonsei.ac.kr RI Choi, Jung-il/H-1013-2011; Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through a US Intergovernmental Personal Act; Basic Science Research program [2011-0014558]; World Class University (WCU) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [R31-10049]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology FX Donghyun Rim's participation in this project was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through a US Intergovernmental Personal Act with the University of Texas at Austin. Michal Green participated in this study as a foreign guest researcher at the NIST while on sabbatical from the Israel Atomic Energy Commission; she contributed by collecting ultrafine particle data from consumer product tests. Jung-II Choi is supported by Basic Science Research program (2011-0014558) and World Class University (WCU) program (R31-10049) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. However, the manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views of these agencies and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 494 EP 503 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.639317 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 912CQ UT WOS:000301772600003 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Richardson, MS Law, D Langridge, JM Cappa, CD McLaughlin, RJ Murphy, DM AF Lack, Daniel A. Richardson, Mathews S. Law, Daniel Langridge, Justin M. Cappa, Christopher D. McLaughlin, Richard J. Murphy, Daniel M. TI Aircraft Instrument for Comprehensive Characterization of Aerosol Optical Properties, Part 2: Black and Brown Carbon Absorption and Absorption Enhancement Measured with Photo Acoustic Spectroscopy SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING LIGHT-ABSORPTION; PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; CROSS-SECTION; CALIBRATION; PARTICLES; COEFFICIENT; DEPENDENCE; PSAP AB This paper describes the design and performance of a photo-acoustic aerosol absorption spectrometer (PAS) built for operation on a research aircraft platform. The PAS instrument is capable of measuring dry absorption at 659 nm, 532 nm, and 404 nm, and absorption enhancement due to coatings at 532 nm and 404 nm. The measurement accuracy for all channels is < = 10% and inflight 1 Hz sensitivities lie within the range of 0.5-1.5 Mm(-1). PAS measurements of calibrated absorbing aerosol samples are shown to be consistent with measurements made by a previous generation single channel photo-acoustic instrument. Aircraft data collected during a recent field campaign in California are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the PAS. In combination with an aircraft cavity ring down aerosol extinction spectrometer described in a companion paper, the new PAS instrument provides a sensitive airborne in-situ characterization of aerosol optics. C1 [Lack, Daniel A.; Richardson, Mathews S.; Law, Daniel; Langridge, Justin M.; McLaughlin, Richard J.; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.; Richardson, Mathews S.; Langridge, Justin M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM daniel.lack@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Richardson, Mathews/H-4882-2013; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Law, Daniel/I-4843-2013; Richardson, Matt/B-4271-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Richardson, Matt/0000-0001-6841-9770; FU NOAA FX This research was funded by NOAAs Climate Program. The authors thank the NOAA Air Operations Center and crews of the WP-3D aircraft for the aircraft frequency measurements and operation during the CalNex campaign. NR 49 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 11 U2 71 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 555 EP 568 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.645955 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 912CQ UT WOS:000301772600009 ER PT J AU Yu, F Luo, G Turco, RP Ogren, JA Yantosca, RM AF Yu, F. Luo, G. Turco, R. P. Ogren, J. A. Yantosca, R. M. TI Decreasing particle number concentrations in a warming atmosphere and implications SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; ASSIMILATED METEOROLOGY; OCEANIC PHYTOPLANKTON; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MODEL DESCRIPTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUCLEATION; EMISSIONS; SENSITIVITY AB New particle formation contributes significantly to the number concentration of condensation nuclei (CN) as well as cloud CN (CCN), a key factor determining aerosol indirect radiative forcing of the climate system. Using a physics-based nucleation mechanism that is consistent with a range of field observations of aerosol formation, it is shown that projected increases in global temperatures could significantly inhibit new particle, and CCN, formation rates worldwide. An analysis of CN concentrations observed at four NOAA ESRL/GMD baseline stations since the 1970s and two other sites since 1990s reveals long-term decreasing trends that are consistent in sign with, but are larger in magnitude than, the predicted temperature effects. The possible reasons for larger observed long-term CN reductions at remote sites are discussed. The combined effects of rising temperatures on aerosol nucleation rates and other chemical and microphysical processes may imply substantial decreases in future tropospheric particle abundances associated with global warming, delineating a potentially significant feedback mechanism that increases Earth's climate sensitivity to greenhouse gas emissions. Further research is needed to quantify the magnitude of such a feedback process. C1 [Yu, F.; Luo, G.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Turco, R. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, GMD, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Yu, F (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM fangqun.yu@asrc.albany.edu RI Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Yu, Fangqun/F-3708-2011; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Yu, Fangqun/0000-0003-0874-4883; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU NSF [AGS-0942106]; NASA [NNX11AQ72G]; US Department of Energy; NCAR CCSM3 team FX This study is supported by NSF under grant AGS-0942106 and NASA under grant NNX11AQ72G. We thank the following sources of information and data used in this work: the Observatory Staff and Aerosol Group of NOAA/ESRL's GMD for making CN measurements available; Rolf Weller of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research for the Neumayer CN data; Anne Jefferson (NOAA/ESRL/GMD and U. Colo/CIRES) for the CCN data observed through the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy; the NCAR CCSM3 team for projected temperature increases; and Hatakka Juha of the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the CREATE Aerosol Database for particle size distributions at Pallas used in the Supplement. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 2399 EP 2408 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2399-2012 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909FH UT WOS:000301547500009 ER PT J AU McLandress, C Perlwitz, J Shepherd, TG AF McLandress, C. Perlwitz, J. Shepherd, T. G. TI Comment on 'Tropospheric temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery in the 21st century' by Hu et al. (2011) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TRENDS AB In a recent paper Hu et al. (2011) suggest that the recovery of stratospheric ozone during the first half of this century will significantly enhance free tropospheric and surface warming caused by the anthropogenic increase of greenhouse gases, with the effects being most pronounced in Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes. These surprising results are based on a multi-model analysis of CMIP3 model simulations with and without prescribed stratospheric ozone recovery. Hu et al. suggest that in order to properly quantify the tropospheric and surface temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery, it is necessary to run coupled atmosphere-ocean climate models with stratospheric ozone chemistry. The results of such an experiment are presented here, using a state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model coupled to a three-dimensional ocean model. In contrast to Hu et al., we find a much smaller Northern Hemisphere tropospheric temperature response to ozone recovery, which is of opposite sign. We suggest that their result is an artifact of the incomplete removal of the large effect of greenhouse gas warming between the two different sets of models. C1 [McLandress, C.; Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Perlwitz, J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McLandress, C (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM charles@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 2533 EP 2540 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2533-2012 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909FH UT WOS:000301547500018 ER PT J AU Gourdji, SM Mueller, KL Yadav, V Huntzinger, DN Andrews, AE Trudeau, M Petron, G Nehrkorn, T Eluszkiewicz, J Henderson, J Wen, D Lin, J Fischer, M Sweeney, C Michalak, AM AF Gourdji, S. M. Mueller, K. L. Yadav, V. Huntzinger, D. N. Andrews, A. E. Trudeau, M. Petron, G. Nehrkorn, T. Eluszkiewicz, J. Henderson, J. Wen, D. Lin, J. Fischer, M. Sweeney, C. Michalak, A. M. TI North American CO2 exchange: inter-comparison of modeled estimates with results from a fine-scale atmospheric inversion SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID QUANTIFY REGIONAL FLUXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT MODELS; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; WEATHER RESEARCH; STILT MODEL; CLOUD MODEL; PART 1; EMISSIONS; REANALYSIS AB Atmospheric inversion models have the potential to quantify CO2 fluxes at regional, sub-continental scales by taking advantage of near-surface CO2 mixing ratio observations collected in areas with high flux variability. This study presents results from a series of regional geostatistical inverse models (GIM) over North America for 2004, and uses them as the basis for an inter-comparison to other inversion studies and estimates from biospheric models collected through the North American Carbon Program Regional and Continental Interim Synthesis. Because the GIM approach does not require explicit prior flux estimates and resolves fluxes at fine spatiotemporal scales (i.e. 1 degrees x 1 degrees, 3-hourly in this study), it avoids temporal and spatial aggregation errors and allows for the recovery of realistic spatial patterns from the atmospheric data relative to previous inversion studies. Results from a GIM inversion using only available atmospheric observations and a fine-scale fossil fuel inventory were used to confirm the quality of the inventory and inversion setup. An inversion additionally including auxiliary variables from the North American Regional Reanalysis found inferred relationships with flux consistent with physiological understanding of the biospheric carbon cycle. Comparison of GIM results with bottom-up biospheric models showed stronger agreement during the growing relative to the dormant season, in part because most of the biospheric models do not fully represent agricultural land-management practices and the fate of both residual biomass and harvested products. Comparison to earlier inversion studies pointed to aggregation errors as a likely source of bias in previous subcontinental scale flux estimates, particularly for inversions that adjust fluxes at the coarsest scales and use atmospheric observations averaged over long periods. Finally, whereas the continental CO2 boundary conditions used in the GIM inversions have a minor impact on spatial patterns, they have a substantial impact on the continental carbon budget, with a difference of 0.8 PgC yr(-1) in the total continental flux resulting from the use of two plausible sets of boundary CO2 mixing ratios. Overall, this inter-comparison study helps to assess the state of the science in estimating regional-scale CO2 fluxes, while pointing towards the path forward for improvements in future top-down and bottom-up modeling efforts. C1 [Gourdji, S. M.; Mueller, K. L.; Yadav, V.; Huntzinger, D. N.; Michalak, A. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Andrews, A. E.; Trudeau, M.; Petron, G.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nehrkorn, T.; Eluszkiewicz, J.; Henderson, J.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Wen, D.; Lin, J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Fischer, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gourdji, SM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sgourdji@stanford.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Yadav, Vineet/A-1313-2014 FU NASA ROSES [NNX06AE84G]; NASA; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0836153] FX This work was supported by NASA ROSES Grant # NNX06AE84G, "Constraining North American Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide and Inferring Their Spatiotemporal Covariances through Assimilation of Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Data in a Geostatistical Framework", and a NASA Earth System Science Fellowship (awarded to S. Gourdji).; Collection and processing of CO2 data from the ARM tower was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. Other data providers (not listed as co-authors) include Doug Worthy of Environment Canada for the Canadian continuous measurement sites and Bill Munger from Harvard University for the Harvard Forest CO2 data.; The WRF-STILT development at AER has been funded by the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program (grant # ATM-0836153). We thank Steve Wofsy and Christoph Gerbig for their continuing contributions to the STILT model development. The WRF and STILT runs described in this paper have been made possible by access to NASA's high-end computing resources, and we thank the personnel at the NASA Ames supercomputing facility for technical assistance. NR 105 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1 BP 457 EP 475 DI 10.5194/bg-9-457-2012 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 891PL UT WOS:000300229000031 ER PT J AU Samhouri, JF Levin, PS AF Samhouri, Jameal F. Levin, Phillip S. TI Linking land- and sea-based activities to risk in coastal ecosystems SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Marine ecosystem-based management; (EBM); Integrated ecosystem assessment; Ecosystem indicator; Risk assessment; Coastal conservation; Land-sea connections ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; VULNERABILITY; SUSTAINABILITY; INDICATORS; CHALLENGES; VALUATION; IMPACTS; OCEAN AB The emerging science and policy arena of marine ecosystem-based management is beset with the challenging question of how to assess the urgency of problems influencing different ecosystem components. In this paper, we introduce a synthetic and efficient framework to identify land- or sea-based activities that pose the greatest risk to valued members of marine ecosystems, including mammals, fishes, and invertebrates. Ecosystem-based risk is scored along two axes of information: the exposure of a population to an activity, and the sensitivity of the population to that activity, given a particular level of exposure. Risk is illustrated in a variety of ways, including two-dimensional contour plots and maps showing regional variation in risk. We apply this risk assessment framework to regional populations of indicator species in Puget Sound, WA, USA. This case study provides insight into how risk varies for particular activity-species combinations, and, because it is applied to indicator species, it also provides an estimate of how different activities influence risk to overall ecosystem structure and function. More generally, the risk assessment approach highlights the linkages between land-based activities and risk to marine species and can be used to evaluate the potential impacts of a diversity of human activities on coastal oceans. The framework is scalable, transparent, and repeatable and can be used now to facilitate the implementation of ecosystem-based management, including integrated ecosystem assessments and coastal and marine spatial planning. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Samhouri, Jameal F.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Samhouri, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jameal.samhouri@noaa.gov FU NSF CAMEO [1041454] FX We gratefully acknowledge crucial information and context provided by Jason Cope regarding the thinking behind the PSA conducted for US fisheries by Patrick et al. (2010). We are especially thankful to K. Arkema, J. Bernhardt, and J. Azose for participating in thoughtful discussions about risk assessment during the development of this work. Mark Plummer supplied PacFIN data, G. Williams identified many historical data sources, and A. Beaudreau provided guidance regarding fishing regulations in Puget Sound. C. Harvey and I. Kaplan gave their wisdom. K. Bartz, J. Davies, and T. Good kindled some of the ideas included here about stressors and spatial data. N. Hamel and S. Pearson gave their time for important conversations about threats and risk in Puget Sound, and M. Ruckelshaus directed us to much of the relevant literature for the Puget Sound case study. We thank B. Feist for creating the regional risk maps and D.P.S. for inspiration. JS was supported by an NSF CAMEO Grant # 1041454. NR 65 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.021 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903CB UT WOS:000301092400018 ER PT J AU Chadsey, M Trainer, VL Leschine, TM AF Chadsey, Meg Trainer, Vera L. Leschine, Thomas M. TI Cooperation of Science and Management for Harmful Algal Blooms: Domoic Acid and the Washington Coast Razor Clam Fishery SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; harmful algal blooms; Institutional Analysis and Development; Pseudo-nitzschia; Washington coast razor clam fishery ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; US WEST-COAST; FRAMEWORK; DIATOMS; WATERS AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) may be increasing in frequency and intensity worldwide. Coastal economies suffer significant income losses when fisheries or beaches are closed to protect human health and subsistence fishing communities are at risk. Despite these hardships, managers must often conservatively close harvests across a wide area or for long periods, because they lack scientific information that would allow them to predict HAB events. The outer coast of Washington State has experienced several closures of the razor clam (Siliqua patula) fishery starting in 1991, due to domoic acid (DA) contamination caused by toxic blooms of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Improved science-based management was needed to minimize the impact of DA on this fishery and the coastal communities that relied on it for income, tourism, and subsistence. The Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) Partnership, comprised of state and tribal managers, scientists, and local stakeholders, evolved in response to this need; it has been successful in its mission. Here we examine ORHAB through the lens of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework, in order to identify key factors contributing to its success. The relevance of our findings for other ORHAB-like institutions in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere is discussed. C1 [Chadsey, Meg; Leschine, Thomas M.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Leschine, TM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Box 355685, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tml@u.washington.edu FU Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Oceans Studies at the University of Washington [PNWH20]; NOAA West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH), as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH [P50 ES012762]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0910624] FX Although, due to human subjects guidelines, those whom we interviewed for this article may not be named, we are deeply grateful for their cooperation, candid impressions, and not the least, their patience. We thank Nick Adams for his assistance with Figures 1 and 3, Rita Horner, Dan Ayres, and Kate Litle for their thoughtful comments, and Rebecca Jablonski-Diehl for her skillful editing. This work was funded by grants from the Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Oceans Studies at the University of Washington (PNWH20), and from the NOAA West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH), as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA. The PNWH2O was made possible by grant number P50 ES012762 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH and OCE-0910624 from the National Science Foundation. This is MERHAB publication number 146, and WCCOHH publication number 40. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 33 EP 54 DI 10.1080/08920753.2011.639865 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911LD UT WOS:000301717400003 ER PT J AU Turner-Tomaszewicz, C Seminoff, JA AF Turner-Tomaszewicz, Calandra Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Turning Off the Heat: Impacts of Power Plant Decommissioning on Green Turtle Research in San Diego Bay SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; endangered species; once-through cooling; policy; power plant; thermal effluent ID WARM-WATER REFUGES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; FLORIDA MANATEES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CARETTA-CARETTA; COASTAL WATERS; SEA-TURTLES; DISCHARGE; PHYTOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEMS AB Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are among the most high profile species in San Diego Bay, California, and understanding impacts of coastal development and industry is essential to the management and conservation of this local population. Here we describe power plant changing energy production and its impact on turtle habitat use and our ability to research and manage this population. For over 20 years, green sea turtles have been captured, assessed, and tagged near the South Bay Power Plant (SBPP) in the San Diego Bay; from 2002-2011, 104 turtles were captured on 212 occasions. As the 50-year-old SBPP generates less energy, effluent patterns change and water temperatures decrease, presumably to more natural conditions. There has been a concurrent decrease in turtle-capture success, perhaps due to lesser visitation to the effluent site where nets are tended. Seasonal catch-per-unit-effort declined from a high of 4.14 turtles per monitoring day, to a nine-year low of 1.33 during the 2010-2011 season. It is already apparent that management decisions related to energy policy are affecting the habitat and behavior of this stock of endangered turtles. Green turtles are expected to remain in the San Diego Bay after the SBPP becomes inoperative and continuing research will monitor future impacts and distribution shifts resulting from the expected changes in thermal pattern within south San Diego Bay. Research efforts to study this population (i.e., capture methods and locations) will require modification in response to these changes. Lessons learned here are applicable to the immediate coastal development of San Diego, as well as at similar interactions between marine turtles and industrial thermal effluent discharge throughout Southern California, the United States, and beyond. C1 [Turner-Tomaszewicz, Calandra] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Turner-Tomaszewicz, C (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM cali.turner@gmail.com FU NOAA; Unified Port of San Diego; NMFS [1591] FX We gratefully acknowledge Peter Dutton, Tomo Eguchi, Amy Frey, Amy Jue, Erin LaCasella, Garrett Lemons, Robin LeRoux, Dan Prosperi, Sue Roden, and Manjula Tiwari for comprising our principal turtle capture team. In addition we thank personnel at South Bay Power Plant for providing access and logistical assistance, especially Tom Liebst. Funding support provided by NOAA and the Unified Port of San Diego. All research activities occurred under NMFS Permit #1591. This research was in partial fulfillment of a Masters at Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at the University of California, San Diego. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1080/08920753.2012.640267 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911LD UT WOS:000301717400005 ER PT J AU Queen, WL Bloch, ED Brown, CM Hudson, MR Mason, JA Murray, LJ Ramirez-Cuesta, AJ Peterson, VK Long, JR AF Queen, Wendy L. Bloch, Eric D. Brown, Craig M. Hudson, Matthew R. Mason, Jarad A. Murray, Leslie J. Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal Javier Peterson, Vanessa K. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Hydrogen adsorption in the metal-organic frameworks Fe-2(dobdc) and Fe-2(O-2)(dobdc) SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; HIGH-CAPACITY; COORDINATION POLYMER; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SITES; STORAGE; IRON(III); CENTERS AB The hydrogen storage properties of Fe-2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) and an oxidized analog, Fe-2(O-2)(dobdc), have been examined using several complementary techniques, including low-pressure gas adsorption, neutron powder diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering. These two metal-organic frameworks, which possess one-dimensional hexagonal channels decorated with unsaturated iron coordination sites, exhibit high initial isosteric heats of adsorption of -9.7(1) and -10.0 (1) kJ mol(-1), respectively. Neutron powder diffraction has allowed the identification of three D-2 binding sites within the two frameworks, with the closest contacts corresponding to Fe-D-2 separations of 2.47(3) and 2.53(5) angstrom, respectively. Inelastic neutron scattering spectra, obtained from p-H-2 (para-H-2) and D-2-pH(2) mixtures adsorbed in Fe-2(dobdc), reveal weak interactions between two neighboring adsorption sites, a finding that is in opposition to a previous report of possible 'pairing' between neighboring H-2 molecules. C1 [Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.; Hudson, Matthew R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Murray, Leslie J.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Murray, Leslie J.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Craig M.; Peterson, Vanessa K.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Hudson, Matthew R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murray, Leslie J.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal Javier] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Brown, CM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov; jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/A-4296-2010; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/0000-0003-1231-0068; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Murray, Leslie/0000-0002-1568-958X FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); NIST/NRC; National Science Foundation FX This research was funded by was funded by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. In addition, work at NIST was partially supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). We acknowledge fellowship support for W.L.Q. from the NIST/NRC Fellowship Program and for J.A.M. from the National Science Foundation. We thank Prof. C. J. Kepert for the use of an inert atmosphere glovebox, and M. Kibble and C. Goodway from ISIS for their help in gas loading experiments performed on TOSCA. We are also grateful to the neutron scattering facilities, ISIS, ANSTO, and NIST NCNR, for allocating the beamtime necessary to carry out these experiments. NR 62 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 55 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4180 EP 4187 DI 10.1039/c2dt12138g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 908MW UT WOS:000301495500046 PM 22371265 ER PT J AU Beeden, R Maynard, JA Marshall, PA Heron, SF Willis, BL AF Beeden, Roger Maynard, Jeffrey A. Marshall, Paul A. Heron, Scott F. Willis, Bette L. TI A Framework for Responding to Coral Disease Outbreaks that Facilitates Adaptive Management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Coral reefs; Coral disease; Management actions; Outbreaks; Response framework ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHAGE THERAPY; RESILIENCE; COVER; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; DECLINE AB Predicted increases in coral disease outbreaks associated with climate change have implications for coral reef ecosystems and the people and industries that depend on them. It is critical that coral reef managers understand these implications and have the ability to assess and reduce risk, detect and contain outbreaks, and monitor and minimise impacts. Here, we present a coral disease response framework that has four core components: (1) an early warning system, (2) a tiered impact assessment program, (3) scaled management actions and (4) a communication plan. The early warning system combines predictive tools that monitor the risk of outbreaks of temperature-dependent coral diseases with in situ observations provided by a network of observers who regularly report on coral health and reef state. Verified reports of an increase in disease prevalence trigger a tiered response of more detailed impact assessment, targeted research and/or management actions. The response is scaled to the risk posed by the outbreak, which is a function of the severity and spatial extent of the impacts. We review potential management actions to mitigate coral disease impacts and facilitate recovery, considering emerging strategies unique to coral disease and more established strategies to support reef resilience. We also describe approaches to communicating about coral disease outbreaks that will address common misperceptions and raise awareness of the coral disease threat. By adopting this framework, managers and researchers can establish a community of practice and can develop response plans for the management of coral disease outbreaks based on local needs. The collaborations between managers and researchers we suggest will enable adaptive management of disease impacts following evaluating the cost-effectiveness of emerging response actions and incrementally improving our understanding of outbreak causation. C1 [Beeden, Roger; Marshall, Paul A.] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Climate Change Grp, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Beeden, Roger] James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Business, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] CRIOBE, USR CNRS EPHE 3278, Moorea 98729, Fr Polynesia. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld 4817, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ N Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Beeden, R (reprint author), Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Climate Change Grp, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. EM roger@gardenofbeeden.com RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority FX This study was made possible by funding and logistical support provided by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Some of the content and presentation format resulted from insightful discussions and/or other collaborative efforts with L. Raymundo, D. Harvell, G. Aeby, J. Johnson, M. Turner, D. Abrego, H. Schuttenberg, E. Weil, K. Ritchie, M. Eakin, C. Spillman and C. Woodley. Figures and tables were developed in collaboration with D. Tracey. This is a contribution by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or GBRMPA or the U.S. or Australian Governments. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9770-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905UD UT WOS:000301299800001 PM 22042407 ER PT J AU Kayal, E Bentlage, B Collins, AG Kayal, M Pirro, S Lavrov, DV AF Kayal, Ehsan Bentlage, Bastian Collins, Allen G. Kayal, Mohsen Pirro, Stacy Lavrov, Dennis V. TI Evolution of Linear Mitochondrial Genomes in Medusozoan Cnidarians SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE linear mtDNA; medusozoa; cnidaria; ORF314; polB ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; ARMADILLIDIUM-VULGARE; PHYLUM CNIDARIA; DNA-POLYMERASE; RDNA DATA; SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; HYDROZOA; HYDRA; PROGRAM AB In nearly all animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) consists of a single circular molecule that encodes several subunits of the protein complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation as well as part of the machinery for their expression. By contrast, mtDNA in species belonging to Medusozoa (one of the two major lineages in the phylum Cnidaria) comprises one to several linear molecules. Many questions remain on the ubiquity of linear mtDNA in medusozoans and the mechanisms responsible for its evolution, replication, and transcription. To address some of these questions, we determined the sequences of nearly complete linear mtDNA from 24 species representing all four medusozoan classes: Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Staurozoa. All newly determined medusozoan mitochondrial genomes harbor the 17 genes typical for cnidarians and map as linear molecules with a high degree of gene order conservation relative to the anthozoans. In addition, two open reading frames (ORFs), polB and ORF314, are identified in cubozoan, schyphozoan, staurozoan, and trachyline hydrozoan mtDNA. polB belongs to the B-type DNA polymerase gene family, while the product of ORF314 may act as a terminal protein that binds telomeres. We posit that these two ORFs are remnants of a linear plasmid that invaded the mitochondrial genomes of the last common ancestor of Medusozoa and are responsible for its linearity. Hydroidolinan hydrozoans have lost the two ORFs and instead have duplicated cox1 at each end of their mitochondrial chromosome(s). Fragmentation of mtDNA occurred independently in Cubozoa and Hydridae (Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina). Our broad sampling allows us to reconstruct the evolutionary history of linear mtDNA in medusozoans. C1 [Kayal, Ehsan; Lavrov, Dennis V.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Kayal, Mohsen] CRIOBE, Lab Excellence CORAIL, CNRS, EPHE,USR 3278, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Pirro, Stacy] Iridian Genomes Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kayal, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ekayal@iastate.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Lavrov, Dennis/0000-0002-2745-1704 FU USNational Science Foundation [DEB 0910237]; Smithsonian; National Science Foundation [DEB-0829783]; Iowa State University; [DEB-0531779] FX We would like to thank Dr Michael Dawson and Dr Alexander Ereskovsky for their contributions to the sampling effort of Scyphozoa, Dr Janet Voight for providing us with DNA from the staurozoan L. janetae, and Dr Annette F. Govindarajan for providing us with the hydrozoxan O. longissima. We also thank Dr Casey Dunn and the Cnidarian Tree of Life project (DEB-0531779 to Paulyn Cartwright and A.G.C.) for granting access to EST data from the scyphozoan C. capillata and H. "sanjuanensis." We are very grateful to Dr Peter Schuchert for the identification of our hydrozoan samples. B.B. wishes to acknowledge funding through the USNational Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Grant DEB 0910237. E.K. wishes to acknowledge the funding through the Smithsonian Pre-doctoral Fellow grant. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to D.V.L. (DEB-0829783) and by the funding from the Iowa State University. NR 61 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 48 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1093/gbe/evr123 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 914VE UT WOS:000301979900001 PM 22113796 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Kayal, E Yanagihara, AA Collins, AG Pirro, S Keeling, PJ AF Smith, David Roy Kayal, Ehsan Yanagihara, Angel A. Collins, Allen G. Pirro, Stacy Keeling, Patrick J. TI First Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence from a Box Jellyfish Reveals a Highly Fragmented Linear Architecture and Insights into Telomere Evolution SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Alatina moseri; Cnidaria; Cubozoa; gene conversion; inverted repeat; nucleotide diversity ID CHLOROPLAST INVERTED REPEAT; AURELIA-AURITA CNIDARIA; UNICELLULAR RELATIVES; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; POPULATION-SIZE; DNA; ANIMALS; RECOMBINATION; CHROMOSOMES; HYDROZOA AB Animal mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) are typically single circular chromosomes, with the exception of those from medusozoan cnidarians (jellyfish and hydroids), which are linear and sometimes fragmented. Most medusozoans have linear monomeric or linear bipartite mitochondrial genomes, but preliminary data have suggested that box jellyfish (cubozoans) have mtDNAs that consist of many linear chromosomes. Here, we present the complete mtDNA sequence from the winged box jellyfish Alatina moseri (the first from a cubozoan). This genome contains unprecedented levels of fragmentation: 18 unique genes distributed over eight 2.9- to 4.6-kb linear chromosomes. The telomeres are identical within and between chromosomes, and recombination between subtelomeric sequences has led to many genes initiating or terminating with sequences from other genes (the most extreme case being 150 nt of a ribosomal RNA containing the 5' end of nad2), providing evidence for a gene conversion-based model of telomere evolution. The silent-site nucleotide variation within the A. moseri mtDNA is among the highest observed from a eukaryotic genome and may be associated with elevated rates of recombination. C1 [Smith, David Roy; Keeling, Patrick J.] Univ British Columbia, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Kayal, Ehsan] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Yanagihara, Angel A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Bekesy Lab Neurobiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Pirro, Stacy] Iridian Genomes Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM smithdr@dal.ca RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Smith, David/L-7910-2015; Yanagihara, Angel/O-5664-2016 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Smith, David/0000-0001-9560-5210; Yanagihara, Angel/0000-0001-6908-8176 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Trusts; NSERC [227301]; Smithsonian Predoctoral Fellowship program FX D.R.S. is supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Trusts. P.J.K. is funded by a grant from NSERC (227301) and is a Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. E.K. is funded by the Smithsonian Predoctoral Fellowship program. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1093/gbe/evr127 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 914VE UT WOS:000301979900007 PM 22117085 ER PT J AU Kirschner, SB Smith, NP Wepasnick, KA Katz, HE Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Reich, DH AF Kirschner, Stuart B. Smith, Nathaniel P. Wepasnick, Kevin A. Katz, Howard E. Kirby, Brian J. Borchers, Julie A. Reich, Daniel H. TI X-ray and neutron reflectivity and electronic properties of PCBM-poly(bromo)styrene blends and bilayers with poly(3-hexylthiophene) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; FULLERENE DERIVATIVES; PHOTOVOLTAICS; PERFORMANCE AB We used neutron reflectivity to complement X-ray reflectivity characterization of PCBM-based layers formed on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Single-layer analyses were used to provide reliable scattering length density values for bilayer fitting. Atomic force microscopy analyses showed trends similar to the reflectivity experiments when observing upper surfaces. Styrene polymers added to PCBM in small concentrations (ca. 10%) led to processing advantages while retaining substantial electron mobility, about 0.001 cm(2)/V s. The further introduction of a relatively heavy bromo substituent on the styrene rings greatly increased the film smoothness, as revealed by increases of the oscillation amplitudes in the reflectivity. In addition, the bromine heavy atom increased the X-ray reflectivity scattering length density of the upper layer. Finally, we present data consistent with PCBM becoming partially mixed with the P3HT as the PCBM is spin coated from a solution with poly(bromostyrene) to form an overlying film, consistent with predictions based on published phase diagrams of the P3HT-PCBM system. C1 [Kirschner, Stuart B.; Smith, Nathaniel P.; Reich, Daniel H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wepasnick, Kevin A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Katz, Howard E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kirby, Brian J.; Borchers, Julie A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reich, DH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM reich@jhu.edu RI Katz, Howard/A-3352-2010 FU NSF [ECCS-0823947]; JHU MRSEC REU [DMR-0520491] FX This research was supported in part by NSF grant ECCS-0823947. NPS was supported by the JHU MRSEC REU program (DMR-0520491). The XPS measurements were carried out in the surface analysis laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, and XRR measurements at JHU made use of JHU MRSEC central facilities. We thank Yaohua Liu and Ming-Ling Yeh for fruitful discussions. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 10 BP 4364 EP 4370 DI 10.1039/c2jm14967b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 891XN UT WOS:000300250200028 ER PT S AU Samarov, DV Clarke, M Lee, JY Allen, D Litorja, M Hwang, J AF Samarov, Daniel V. Clarke, Matthew Lee, Ji Yoon Allen, David Litorja, Maritoni Hwang, Jeeseong BE Nordstrom, RJ Cote, GL TI Validating the LASSO Algorithm by Unmixing Spectral Signatures in Multicolor Phantoms SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND SENSING XII: TOWARD POINT-OF-CARE DIAGNOSTICS AND DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE VALIDATION OF PHANTOMS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF TISSUE IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XII - Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics/4th Meeting of the Design and Performance Validation of Phantoms Used in Conjunction with Optical Measurement of Tissues CY JAN 21-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Sparse regression; LASSO; SPLASSO; hyperspectral image analysis ID REGRESSION; SELECTION AB As hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sees increased implementation into the biological and medical fields it becomes increasingly important that the algorithms being used to analyze the corresponding output be validated. While certainly important under any circumstance, as this technology begins to see a transition from benchtop to bedside ensuring that the measurements being given to medical professionals are accurate and reproducible is critical. In order to address these issues work has been done in generating a collection of datasets which could act as a test bed for algorithms validation. Using a microarray spot printer a collection of three food color dyes, acid red 1 (AR), brilliant blue R (BBR) and erioglaucine (EG) are mixed together at different concentrations in varying proportions at different locations on a microarray chip. With the concentration and mixture proportions known at each location, using HSI an algorithm should in principle, based on estimates of abundances, be able to determine the concentrations and proportions of each dye at each location on the chip. These types of data are particularly important in the context of medical measurements as the resulting estimated abundances will be used to make critical decisions which can have a serious impact on an individual's health. In this paper we present a novel algorithm for processing and analyzing HSI data based on the LASSO algorithm (similar to "basis pursuit"). The LASSO is a statistical method for simultaneously performing model estimation and variable selection. In the context of estimating abundances in an HSI scene these so called "sparse" representations provided by the LASSO are appropriate as not every pixel will be expected to contain every endmember. The algorithm we present takes the general framework of the LASSO algorithm a step further and incorporates the rich spatial information which is available in HSI to further improve the estimates of abundance. We show our algorithm's improvement over the standard LASSO using the dye mixture data as the test bed. C1 [Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Samarov, DV (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.samarov@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-872-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8229 AR 82290Z DI 10.1117/12.908133 PG 9 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BZF73 UT WOS:000301419300025 ER PT S AU Doney, SC Ruckelshaus, M Duffy, JE Barry, JP Chan, F English, CA Galindo, HM Grebmeier, JM Hollowed, AB Knowlton, N Polovina, J Rabalais, NN Sydeman, WJ Talley, LD AF Doney, Scott C. Ruckelshaus, Mary Duffy, J. Emmett Barry, James P. Chan, Francis English, Chad A. Galindo, Heather M. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Hollowed, Anne B. Knowlton, Nancy Polovina, Jeffrey Rabalais, Nancy N. Sydeman, William J. Talley, Lynne D. BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 4 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE trophic structure; hypoxia; diversity; food webs ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; THERMAL TOLERANCE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WARMER OCEAN AB In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change are associated with concurrent shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen content, and ocean acidification, with potentially wide-ranging biological effects. Population-level shifts are occurring because of physiological intolerance to new environments, altered dispersal patterns, and changes in species interactions. Together with local climate-driven invasion and extinction, these processes result in altered community structure and diversity, including possible emergence of novel ecosystems. Impacts are particularly striking for the poles and the tropics, because of the sensitivity of polar ecosystems to sea-ice retreat and poleward species migrations as well as the sensitivity of coral-algal symbiosis to minor increases in temperature. Midlatitude upwelling systems, like the California Current, exhibit strong linkages between climate and species distributions, phenology, and demography. Aggregated effects may modify energy and material flows as well as biogeochemical cycles, eventually impacting the overall ecosystem functioning and services upon which people and societies depend. C1 [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Duffy, J. Emmett] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Barry, James P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Chan, Francis] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [English, Chad A.] Commun Partnership Sci & Sea, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Galindo, Heather M.] Commun Partnership Sci & Sea, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Polovina, Jeffrey] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Rabalais, Nancy N.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Talley, Lynne D.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Doney, SC (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM sdoney@whoi.edu; mary.ruckelshaus@stanford.edu; jeduffy@vims.edu; barry@mbari.org; chanft@science.oregonstate.edu; cenglish@compassonline.org; hgalindo@compassonline.org; jgrebmei@umces.edu; anne.hollowed@noaa.gov; knowlton@si.edu; jeffrey.polovina@noaa.gov; nrabalais@lumcon.edu; wsydeman@comcast.net; ltalley@ucsd.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568 NR 165 TC 541 Z9 549 U1 138 U2 965 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4504-4 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2012 VL 4 BP 11 EP 37 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-041911-111611 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BYW27 UT WOS:000300634900003 PM 22457967 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Gustafson, WI Berg, LK Shaw, WJ Pekour, M Shrivastava, M Barnard, JC Ferrare, RA Hostetler, CA Hair, JA Erickson, M Jobson, BT Flowers, B Dubey, MK Springston, S Pierce, RB Dolislager, L Pederson, J Zaveri, RA AF Fast, J. D. Gustafson, W. I., Jr. Berg, L. K. Shaw, W. J. Pekour, M. Shrivastava, M. Barnard, J. C. Ferrare, R. A. Hostetler, C. A. Hair, J. A. Erickson, M. Jobson, B. T. Flowers, B. Dubey, M. K. Springston, S. Pierce, R. B. Dolislager, L. Pederson, J. Zaveri, R. A. TI Transport and mixing patterns over Central California during the carbonaceous aerosol and radiative effects study (CARES) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; LOW-LEVEL WINDS; AIR-QUALITY; AIRBORNE LIDAR; ARCTAS-CARB; OZONE; MODEL; QUANTIFICATION; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB We describe the synoptic and regional-scale meteorological conditions that affected the transport and mixing of trace gases and aerosols in the vicinity of Sacramento, California during June 2010 when the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) was conducted. The meteorological measurements collected by various instruments deployed during the campaign and the performance of the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) are both discussed. WRF-Chem was run daily during the campaign to forecast the spatial and temporal variation of carbon monoxide emitted from 20 anthropogenic source regions in California to guide aircraft sampling. The model is shown to reproduce the overall circulations and boundary-layer characteristics in the region, although errors in the upslope wind speed and boundary-layer depth contribute to differences in the observed and simulated carbon monoxide. Thermally-driven upslope flows that transported pollutants from Sacramento over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada occurred every afternoon, except during three periods when the passage of mid-tropospheric troughs disrupted the regional-scale flow patterns. The meteorological conditions after the passage of the third trough were the most favorable for photochemistry and likely formation of secondary organic aerosols. Meteorological measurements and model forecasts indicate that the Sacramento pollutant plume was likely transported over a downwind site that collected trace gas and aerosol measurements during 23 time periods; however, direct transport occurred during only eight of these periods. The model also showed that emissions from the San Francisco Bay area transported by intrusions of marine air contributed a large fraction of the carbon monoxide in the vicinity of Sacramento, suggesting that this source likely affects local chemistry. Contributions from other sources of pollutants, such as those in the Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley, were relatively low. Aerosol layering in the free troposphere was observed during the morning by an airborne Lidar. WRF-Chem forecasts showed that mountain venting processes contributed to aged pollutants aloft in the valley atmosphere that are then entrained into the growing boundary layer the subsequent day. C1 [Fast, J. D.; Gustafson, W. I., Jr.; Berg, L. K.; Shaw, W. J.; Pekour, M.; Shrivastava, M.; Barnard, J. C.; Zaveri, R. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ferrare, R. A.; Hostetler, C. A.; Hair, J. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Erickson, M.; Jobson, B. T.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Flowers, B.; Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Springston, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Dolislager, L.; Pederson, J.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016; OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807; Jobson, Bertram/0000-0003-1812-9745 FU US DOE at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), Climate and Environmental Sciences Division FX We thank the numerous scientists, pilots, and other staff that contributed to the data collection during CARES. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. We also thank the staff at Northside School in Cool and American River College, particularly Wendy Westsmith and Laduan Smedley, for the use of their facilities. Elaine Chapman provided valuable comments on the content of this paper. This research was supported by the US DOE's Atmospheric Science Research (ASR) Program under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. NR 50 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1759 EP 1783 DI 10.5194/acp-12-1759-2012 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900007 ER PT J AU Wild, O Fiore, AM Shindell, DT Doherty, RM Collins, WJ Dentener, FJ Schultz, MG Gong, S MacKenzie, IA Zeng, G Hess, P Duncan, BN Bergmann, DJ Szopa, S Jonson, JE Keating, TJ Zuber, A AF Wild, O. Fiore, A. M. Shindell, D. T. Doherty, R. M. Collins, W. J. Dentener, F. J. Schultz, M. G. Gong, S. MacKenzie, I. A. Zeng, G. Hess, P. Duncan, B. N. Bergmann, D. J. Szopa, S. Jonson, J. E. Keating, T. J. Zuber, A. TI Modelling future changes in surface ozone: a parameterized approach SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; GASES; STABILIZATION; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; PATHWAY AB This study describes a simple parameterization to estimate regionally averaged changes in surface ozone due to past or future changes in anthropogenic precursor emissions based on results from 14 global chemistry transport models. The method successfully reproduces the results of full simulations with these models. For a given emission scenario it provides the ensemble mean surface ozone change, a regional source attribution for each change, and an estimate of the associated uncertainty as represented by the variation between models. Using the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) emission scenarios as an example, we show how regional surface ozone is likely to respond to emission changes by 2050 and how changes in precursor emissions and atmospheric methane contribute to this. Surface ozone changes are substantially smaller than expected with the SRES A1B, A2 and B2 scenarios, with annual global mean reductions of as much as 2 ppb by 2050 vs. increases of 4-6 ppb under SRES, and this reflects the assumptions of more stringent precursor emission controls under the RCP scenarios. We find an average difference of around 5 ppb between the outlying RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, about 75% of which can be attributed to differences in methane abundance. The study reveals the increasing importance of limiting atmospheric methane growth as emissions of other precursors are controlled, but highlights differences in modelled ozone responses to methane changes of as much as a factor of two, indicating that this remains a major uncertainty in current models. C1 [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Collins, W. J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dentener, F. J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Gong, S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Hess, P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bergmann, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Jonson, J. E.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Environm, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. RP Wild, O (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. EM o.wild@lancaster.ac.uk RI Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015 OI Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 2037 EP 2054 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2037-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900023 ER PT J AU Brooks, BGJ Desai, AR Stephens, BB Bowling, DR Burns, SP Watt, AS Heck, SL Sweeney, C AF Brooks, B. -G. J. Desai, A. R. Stephens, B. B. Bowling, D. R. Burns, S. P. Watt, A. S. Heck, S. L. Sweeney, C. TI Assessing filtering of mountaintop CO2 mole fractions for application to inverse models of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; TRANSPORT MODELS; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; TURBULENT FLUX; HIGH-ELEVATION; NORTH-AMERICA; PART 2; UNCERTAINTIES AB There is a widely recognized need to improve our understanding of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchanges in areas of complex terrain including the United States Mountain West. CO2 fluxes over mountainous terrain are often difficult to measure due to unusual and complicated influences associated with atmospheric transport. Consequently, deriving regional fluxes in mountain regions with carbon cycle inversion of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction is sensitive to filtering of observations to those that can be represented at the transport model resolution. Using five years of CO2 mole fraction observations from the Regional Atmospheric Continuous CO2 Network in the Rocky Mountains (Rocky RACCOON), five statistical filters are used to investigate a range of approaches for identifying regionally representative CO2 mole fractions. Test results from three filters indicate that subsets based on short-term variance and local CO2 gradients across tower inlet heights retain nine-tenths of the total observations and are able to define representative diel variability and seasonal cycles even for difficult-to-model sites where the influence of local fluxes is much larger than regional mole fraction variations. Test results from two other filters that consider measurements from previous and following days using spline fitting or sliding windows are overly selective. Case study examples showed that these windowing-filters rejected measurements representing synoptic changes in CO2, which suggests that they are not well suited to filtering continental CO2 measurements. We present a novel CO2 lapse rate filter that uses CO2 differences between levels in the model atmosphere to select subsets of site measurements that are representative on model scales. Our new filtering techniques provide guidance for novel approaches to assimilating mountain-top CO2 mole fractions in carbon cycle inverse models. C1 [Brooks, B. -G. J.; Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stephens, B. B.; Burns, S. P.; Watt, A. S.; Heck, S. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bowling, D. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Heck, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brooks, BGJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bjorn@climatemodeling.org RI Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Brooks, Bjorn-Gustaf/D-2258-2016 OI Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Brooks, Bjorn-Gustaf/0000-0002-1371-5246 FU NOAA CPO [NA09OAR4310065, NA080AR4310533] FX This work was supported by NOAA CPO, grant numbers NA09OAR4310065 and NA080AR4310533. The authors would also like to thank Kurt Chowanski (Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado), Gannet Hallar and Ian McCubbin (Storm Peak Laboratory, Desert Research Institute), for their collaboration and providing meteorological data. We thank James Cornette (Iowa State University) for his recommendations on the mathematical descriptions. We are also indebted to Andy Jacobson, Wouter Peters, and others from the NOAA Earth Systems Research Lab's CarbonTracker research group for collaboration in using RACCOON data and in discussing the CarbonTracker assimilation protocol. We thank Dean Cardinale and the Snowbird Ski and Summer Resort for their support at the Hidden Peak site. CarbonTracker 2009 results provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA are from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 2099 EP 2115 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2099-2012 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900026 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Kline, SR Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Kline, Steven R. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Investigation of encapsulation of insulin biotemplate within C-methylresorcin[4]arenes SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; RAY FIBER DIFFRACTION; ORGANIC NANOCAPSULES; SCATTERING; CAPSULES; RESOLUTION; BONDS AB Solution structure of insulin templated C-methyl resorcin[4]arene nanocapsules has been investigated using neutron scattering. The insulin biotemplate has enhanced the limits of encapsulation and enabled formation of a larger spherical molecular host. C1 [Kumari, Harshita; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM AtwoodJ@missouri.edu FU NSF; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank NSF for support of this work (J.L.A.). We thank the group of Prof. J. Tanner for help with protein assays. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 (S.R.K.). Certain trade names and company products are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 30 BP 3599 EP 3601 DI 10.1039/c2cc18071e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 908MI UT WOS:000301494100005 PM 22392225 ER PT J AU Thacker, WC Srinivasan, A Iskandarani, M Knio, OM Le Henaff, M AF Thacker, W. C. Srinivasan, A. Iskandarani, M. Knio, O. M. Le Henaff, M. TI Propagating boundary uncertainties using polynomial expansions SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Polynomial chaos; Ocean modeling; Error propagation; Uncertainty quantification; Spectral stochastic expansions; Gulf of Mexico; Loop Current; HYCOM ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; CHAOS; QUANTIFICATION; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB The method of polynomial chaos expansions is illustrated by showing how uncertainties in boundary conditions specifying the flow from the Caribbean Sea into the Gulf of Mexico manifest as uncertainties in a model's simulation of the Gulfs surface elevation field. The method, which has been used for a variety of engineering applications, is explained within an oceanographic context and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The method's utility requires that the spatially and temporally varying uncertainties of the inflow be characterized by a small number of independent random variables, which here correspond to amplitudes of spatiotemporal modes inferred from an available boundary climatology. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Ctr Computat Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thacker, W. C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Srinivasan, A.; Iskandarani, M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Knio, O. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Ctr Computat Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM w.thacker@miami.edu; asrinivasan@rsmas.miami.edu; miskandarani@rsmas.miami.edu; knio@jhu.edu; mlehenaff@rsmas.miami.edu RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010498]; [NSF-OCE0622662] FX The research herein was supported by the Office of Naval Research, under Grant No N000141010498. Dr. Iskandarani was also supported by NSF-OCE0622662. All calculations were performed at the Center for Computational Science at the University of Miami. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2012 VL 43-44 BP 52 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.11.011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 908SX UT WOS:000301513000004 ER PT J AU Haza, AC Ozgokmen, TM Griffa, A Garraffo, ZD Piterbarg, L AF Haza, Angelique C. Oezgoekmen, Tamay M. Griffa, Annalisa Garraffo, Zulema D. Piterbarg, Leonid TI Parameterization of particle transport at submesoscales in the Gulf Stream region using Lagrangian subgridscale models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Submesoscale; Relative dispersion; Lagrangian stochastic models ID RESOLUTION NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RELATIVE DISPERSION; ADRIATIC SEA; MIXED-LAYER; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; LANGMUIR CIRCULATIONS; COHERENT STRUCTURES; APERIODIC FLOWS; SURFACE-OCEAN; DRIFTER DATA AB Ocean model fields are being routinely used for forecasting the spreading of pollutants, oil spills, and for biogeochemical transport. Recent observations and advances in our understanding of ocean processes indicate there is an explosion of flow instabilities in the submesoscale range. While submesoscale flows have a significant impact on transport at their own scales, they require much more extensive data sets and numerical computations. Therefore, transport carried out by submesoscale flows is quite challenging to approach deterministically. In this study, we put forward a hybrid approach by combining deterministic Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) to compute transport over the mesoscale range with statistical Lagrangian subgridscale (LSGS) models for the underresolved submesoscale motions. We apply this approach to particle transport in the Gulf Stream region, which exhibits indications of submesoscale activity from both models and observations. We consider HYCOM solutions at two resolutions. In the 1/12 degrees computation, mesoscale features are well resolved but submesoscales are not resolved, while the 1/48 degrees computation captures some of the submesoscale flow instabilities as well. By using metrics of relative dispersion, we investigate three LSGS models and demonstrate that they can be useful in correcting the underestimation of submesoscale dispersion in the 1/12 degrees solution, with respect to relative dispersion obtained from the 1/48 degrees solution and an observational result. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haza, Angelique C.; Oezgoekmen, Tamay M.; Griffa, Annalisa] Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Griffa, Annalisa] UOS Pozzuolo Lerici SP, CNR, ISMAR, I-10932 Lerici, SP, Italy. [Garraffo, Zulema D.] NOAA, IMSG, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Piterbarg, Leonid] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Haza, AC (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Csw, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ahaza@rsmas.miami.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486 FU Office of Naval Research [N000140510094, N000140510095, N000141110369, N000141110087] FX We greatly acknowledge the support of Office of Naval Research Under Grants N000140510094, N000140510095, N000141110369 and N000141110087. This work also greatly benefitted from the helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers as well as the editor Stephen Griffies that resulted in a significant improvement of this manuscript. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2012 VL 42 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.11.005 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 911FR UT WOS:000301703200003 ER PT J AU Paik, DH Perkins, TT AF Paik, D. Hern Perkins, Thomas T. TI Dynamics and Multiple Stable Binding Modes of DNA Intercalators Revealed by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE DNA; force spectroscopy; intercalations; optical traps; single-molecule studies ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; COMPLEXES; DYES; MICROSCOPY; MECHANISMS; YOYO-1; DRUG C1 [Paik, D. Hern; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Paik, D. Hern; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1811 EP 1815 DI 10.1002/anie.201105540 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 894SD UT WOS:000300446100008 PM 22162006 ER PT J AU McKenna-Lawlor, SMP Fry, CD Dryer, M Heynderickx, D Kecskemety, K Kudela, K Balaz, J AF McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P. Fry, C. D. Dryer, M. Heynderickx, D. Kecskemety, K. Kudela, K. Balaz, J. TI A statistical study of the performance of the Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry version 2 numerical model in predicting solar shock arrival times at Earth during different phases of solar cycle 23 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary shocks; Solar wind plasma ID SPACE WEATHER; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; WIND DISTURBANCES; APRIL 2001; 1 AU; MHD; CME; HELIOSPHERE; SIMULATION; CHALLENGES AB The performance of the Hakamada Akasofu-Fry, version 2 (HAFv.2) numerical model, which provides predictions of solar shock arrival times at Earth, was subjected to a statistical study to investigate those solar/interplanetary circumstances under which the model performed well/poorly during key phases (rise/maximum/decay) of solar cycle 23. In addition to analyzing elements of the overall data set (584 selected events) associated with particular cycle phases, subsets were formed such that those events making up a particular sub-set showed common characteristics. The statistical significance of the results obtained using the various sets/subsets was generally very low and these results were not significant as compared with the hit by chance rate (50%). This implies a low level of confidence in the predictions of the model with no compelling result encouraging its use. However, the data suggested that the success rates of HAFv. 2 were higher when the background solar wind speed at the time of shock initiation was relatively fast. Thus, in scenarios where the background solar wind speed is elevated and the calculated success rate significantly exceeds the rate by chance, the forecasts could provide potential value to the customer. With the composite statistics available for solar cycle 23, the calculated success rate at high solar wind speed, although clearly above 50 %, was indicative rather than conclusive. The RMS error estimated for shock arrival times for every cycle phase and for the composite sample was in each case significantly better than would be expected for a random data set. Also, the parameter "Probability of Detection, yes" (PODy) which presents the Proportion of Yes observations that were correctly forecast (i.e. the ratio between the shocks correctly predicted and all the shocks observed), yielded values for the rise/maximum/decay phases of the cycle and using the composite sample of 0.85, 0.64, 0.79 and 0.77, respectively. The statistical results obtained through detailed analysis of the available data provided insights into how changing circumstances on the Sun and in interplanetary space can affect the performance of the model. Since shock arrival predictions are widely utilized in making commercially significant decisions re. protecting space assets, the present detailed archival studies can be useful in future operational decision making during solar cycle 24. It would be of added value in this context to use Briggs-Rupert methodology to estimate the cost to an operator of acting on an incorrect forecast. C1 [McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P.; Balaz, J.] Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Fry, C. D.; Dryer, M.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Dryer, M.] NOAA Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heynderickx, D.] DH Consultancy, Louvain, Belgium. [Kecskemety, K.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Kudela, K.; Balaz, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. RP McKenna-Lawlor, SMP (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. EM stil@nuim.ie OI Balaz, Jan/0000-0001-8918-2610 FU agency VEGA [2/0081/10] FX KK wishes to acknowledge grant agency VEGA, project 2/0081/10 for support. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.5194/angeo-30-405-2012 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900HF UT WOS:000300876900011 ER PT J AU Venema, VKC Mestre, O Aguilar, E Auer, I Guijarro, JA Domonkos, P Vertacnik, G Szentimrey, T Stepanek, P Zahradnicek, P Viarre, J Muller-Westermeier, G Lakatos, M Williams, CN Menne, MJ Lindau, R Rasol, D Rustemeier, E Kolokythas, K Marinova, T Andresen, L Acquaotta, F Fratianni, S Cheval, S Klancar, M Brunetti, M Gruber, C Duran, MP Likso, T Esteban, P Brandsma, T AF Venema, V. K. C. Mestre, O. Aguilar, E. Auer, I. Guijarro, J. A. Domonkos, P. Vertacnik, G. Szentimrey, T. Stepanek, P. Zahradnicek, P. Viarre, J. Mueller-Westermeier, G. Lakatos, M. Williams, C. N. Menne, M. J. Lindau, R. Rasol, D. Rustemeier, E. Kolokythas, K. Marinova, T. Andresen, L. Acquaotta, F. Fratianni, S. Cheval, S. Klancar, M. Brunetti, M. Gruber, C. Duran, M. Prohom Likso, T. Esteban, P. Brandsma, T. TI Benchmarking homogenization algorithms for monthly data SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENTAL TIME-SERIES; GREATER ALPINE REGION; TEMPERATURE SERIES; CLIMATE DATA; STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS; PRECIPITATION SERIES; HOMOGENEITY TEST; SURROGATE DATA; UNITED-STATES; DISCONTINUITIES AB The COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action ES0601: advances in homogenization methods of climate series: an integrated approach (HOME) has executed a blind intercomparison and validation study for monthly homogenization algorithms. Time series of monthly temperature and precipitation were evaluated because of their importance for climate studies and because they represent two important types of statistics (additive and multiplicative). The algorithms were validated against a realistic benchmark dataset. The benchmark contains real inhomogeneous data as well as simulated data with inserted inhomogeneities. Random independent break-type inhomogeneities with normally distributed breakpoint sizes were added to the simulated datasets. To approximate real world conditions, breaks were introduced that occur simultaneously in multiple station series within a simulated network of station data. The simulated time series also contained outliers, missing data periods and local station trends. Further, a stochastic nonlinear global (network-wide) trend was added. Participants provided 25 separate homogenized contributions as part of the blind study. After the deadline at which details of the imposed inhomogeneities were revealed, 22 additional solutions were submitted. These homogenized datasets were assessed by a number of performance metrics including (i) the centered root mean square error relative to the true homogeneous value at various averaging scales, (ii) the error in linear trend estimates and (iii) traditional contingency skill scores. The metrics were computed both using the individual station series as well as the network average regional series. The performance of the contributions depends significantly on the error metric considered. Contingency scores by themselves are not very informative. Although relative homogenization algorithms typically improve the homogeneity of temperature data, only the best ones improve precipitation data. Training the users on homogenization software was found to be very important. Moreover, state-of-the-art relative homogenization algorithms developed to work with an inhomogeneous reference are shown to perform best. The study showed that automatic algorithms can perform as well as manual ones. C1 [Venema, V. K. C.; Lindau, R.; Rustemeier, E.] Univ Bonn, Meteorol Inst, Bonn, Germany. [Mestre, O.] Meteo France, Ecole Natl Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Aguilar, E.; Domonkos, P.; Viarre, J.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change C3, Tarragona, Spain. [Auer, I.; Gruber, C.] Zentralanstalt Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria. [Guijarro, J. A.] Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Vertacnik, G.; Klancar, M.] Slovenian Environm Agcy, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Szentimrey, T.; Lakatos, M.] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Budapest, Hungary. [Stepanek, P.; Zahradnicek, P.] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Brno, Czech Republic. [Stepanek, P.; Zahradnicek, P.] Czechglobe Global Change Res Ctr AS CR, Vvi, Brno, Czech Republic. [Mueller-Westermeier, G.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Williams, C. N.; Menne, M. J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Rasol, D.; Likso, T.] Meteorol & Hydrol Serv, Zagreb, Croatia. [Kolokythas, K.] Univ Patras, Lab Atmospher Phys, GR-26110 Patras, Greece. [Marinova, T.] Natl Inst Meteorol & Hydrol BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Andresen, L.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Acquaotta, F.; Fratianni, S.] Univ Turin, Dept Earth Sci, I-10124 Turin, Italy. [Cheval, S.] Natl Meteorol Adm, Bucharest, Romania. [Cheval, S.] Natl Inst R&D Environm Protect, Bucharest, Romania. [Brunetti, M.] Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate ISAC CNR, Bologna, Italy. [Duran, M. Prohom; Esteban, P.] Univ Barcelona, Grp Climatol, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. [Duran, M. Prohom] Meteorol Serv Catalonia, Area Climatol, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Brandsma, T.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Venema, VKC (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Meteorol Inst, Bonn, Germany. EM victor.venema@uni-bonn.de RI brunetti, michele/A-2447-2011; Zahradnicek, Pavel/G-9447-2014; Aguilar, Enric/L-4971-2014; Domonkos, Peter/L-5257-2014; Stepanek, Petr/G-1614-2014; Cheval, Sorin/B-4506-2011; OI brunetti, michele/0000-0003-3487-2221; Domonkos, Peter/0000-0002-3148-244X; Cheval, Sorin/0000-0001-6412-1918; Esteban, Pere/0000-0001-5095-1187 FU European Union through COST Action [ES0601]; North Rhine-Westphalia Academy of Science; German Science Foundation (DFG) [VE 366/3, VE366/5]; Cambios en la Frecuencia, Intensidad y Duracion de eventos Extremos en la Peninsula Iberica [CGL2007-65546-C03-02] FX This study has been performed with support of the European Union, through the COST Action ES0601 - Advances in Homogenisation Methods of Climate Series: an Integrated Approach (HOME), as well as the project Large Scale Climate Changes and their Environmental Relevance funded by the North Rhine-Westphalia Academy of Science. The contribution of VV was supported by the surrogate cloud project (VE 366/3), the one of RL by the Daily Stew project (VE366/5), both sponsored by the German Science Foundation (DFG). The contribution of EA was sponsored by the "Cambios en la Frecuencia, Intensidad y Duracion de eventos Extremos en la Peninsula Iberica", code number: CGL2007-65546-C03-02. This dataset would have been impossible without contributed climate records. Our thanks thus go to Meteo France, Ecole Nationale de la Meteorologie, Toulouse, France, the Zentralanstalt fur Meteorologie und Geodynamik, Wien, Austria, the Center on Climate Change (C3), Tarragona, Spain, the Centre d'Estudis de la Neu i de la Muntanya d'Andorra, Andorra, the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands, the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology - BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria, and the National Meteorological Administration, Bucharest, Romania. Furthermore, we would like to thank Lucie Vincent and Mario Pereira for their comments. NR 65 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 6 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 89 EP 115 DI 10.5194/cp-8-89-2012 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900HR UT WOS:000300878100007 ER PT S AU Vogl, U Glasser, R Lett, PD AF Vogl, Ulrich Glasser, Ryan Lett, Paul D. BE Galvez, EJ Andrews, DL Gluckstad, J Soskin, MS TI A Compact Source for Quantum Image Processing with Four-wave Mixing in Rubidium-85 SO COMPLEX LIGHT AND OPTICAL FORCES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Complex Light and Optical Forces VI/Conference on Photonics West/Conference on Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication V CY JAN 25-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Squeezed light; Four-wave-mixing; Anomalous dispersion ID SQUEEZED-LIGHT; GENERATION; VAPOR AB We have built a compact light source for bright squeezed twin-beams at 795nm based on four-wave-mixing in atomic Rb-85 vapor. With a total optical power of 400mW derived from a free running diode laser and a tapered amplifier to pump the four-wave-mixing process, we achieve 2.1 dB intensity difference squeezing of the twin beams below the standard quantum limit, without accounting for losses. Squeezed twin beams generated by the type of source presented here could be used as reference for the precise calibration of photodetectors. Transferring the quantum correlations from the light to atoms in order to generate correlated atom beams is another interesting prospect. In this work we investigate the dispersion that is generated by the employed four-wave-mixing process with respect to bandwidth and dependence on probe detuning. We are currently using this squeezed light source to test the transfer of spatial information and quantum correlations through media of anomalous dispersion. C1 [Vogl, Ulrich] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogl, U (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ulrich.vogl@nist.gov RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-917-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8274 AR 82740C DI 10.1117/12.907333 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BZB67 UT WOS:000301054600008 ER PT S AU Hill, CR AF Hill, Carolyn R. BE Alonso, A TI Capillary Electrophoresis and 5-Channel LIF Detection of a 26plex Autosomal STR Assay for Human Identification SO DNA ELECTROPHORESIS PROTOCOLS FOR FORENSIC GENETICS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Multiplex PCR; Short tandem repeat; STR marker; Forensic DNA; PCR primers; 26plex; non-CODIS ID DEGRADED DNA; MINISTR LOCI; PARENTAGE; TOOLS AB Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common method used for DNA typing in forensic and paternity cases. There are numerous commercial short tandem repeat (SIR) multiplex assays currently available to the forensic community. These assays amplify the core Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) STR loci for entry into the US. DNA database. Additional non-CODIS loci, which are considered genetically unlinked to the CODIS loci, can be useful in resolving challenging cases such as missing persons and mass disaster victim identification, paternity testing, and immigration testing. An SIR multiplex has been successfully developed with 25 non-CODIS autosomal loci plus the sex-typing locus amelogenin for a total of 26 loci in a single 26plex amplification reaction. This chapter will focus on the preparation and the use of the 26plex assay with DNA samples for the purpose of human identification. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hill, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-460-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 830 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-461-2_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-461-2 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA BYT94 UT WOS:000300258100002 PM 22139650 ER PT S AU Coble, MD AF Coble, Michael D. BE Alonso, A TI Capillary Electrophoresis of MiniSTR Markers to Genotype Highly Degraded DNA Samples SO DNA ELECTROPHORESIS PROTOCOLS FOR FORENSIC GENETICS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Mini-STRs; PCR; Degraded DNA; STR; DNA typing ID PCR AMPLIFICATION KIT; SKELETAL REMAINS; MULTIPLEX SYSTEM; STR AMPLICONS; VALIDATION; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; VICTIMS; LESS AB The amplification of short tandem repeat (STR) markers throughout the human nuclear DNA genome are used to associate crime scene evidence to the perpetrator's profile in criminal investigations. For highly challenged or compromised materials such as stains exposed to the elements, skeletal remains from missing persons cases, or fragmented and degraded samples from mass disasters, obtaining a hill STR profile may be difficult if not impossible. With the introduction of short amplicon SIR or "miniSTR" typing, it is possible to obtain STR genetic information from highly challenged samples without the need to sequence the hypervariable regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome. Non-Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) STR markers have been developed to obtain information beyond the core CODIS loci. This chapter will focus on the steps necessary to prepare and use one of the non-CODIS (NC) multiplexes, NC01 (Coble and Butler 2005), for analysis on capillary electrophoresis instrumentation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coble, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-460-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 830 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-461-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-461-2 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA BYT94 UT WOS:000300258100003 PM 22139651 ER PT S AU Vallone, PM AF Vallone, Peter M. BE Alonso, A TI Capillary Electrophoresis of an 11-Plex mtDNA Coding Region SNP Single Base Extension Assay for Discrimination of the Most Common Caucasian HV1/HV2 Mitotype SO DNA ELECTROPHORESIS PROTOCOLS FOR FORENSIC GENETICS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Single nucleotide polymorphism; PCR; Mitochondrial DNA; Multiplex ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FORENSIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE; GENOME AB The typing of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located throughout the human mitochondrial genome assists in resolving individuals with an identical HV1/HIV2 haplotype. A set of 11 sites which were selected for distinguishing individuals of a common Western European Caucasian HV1/HV2 mitotype was incorporated into a single base extension (SBE) assay. the assay was optimized for multiplex detection of sequence polymorphisms at positions 3010, 4793, 10211, 5004, 7028, 7202, 16519, 12858, 4580, 477, and 14470 in the mitochondrial genome. PCR. primers were designed to allow for multiplex amplification of unique regions in the mitochondrial genome followed by an 11-plex SBE reaction using the SNaPshot (R) reagent kit. Separation and detection can be accomplished with a capillary-based electrophoresis platform commonly found in most forensic laboratories. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vallone, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-460-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 830 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-461-2_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-461-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA BYT94 UT WOS:000300258100011 PM 22139659 ER PT J AU Xu, JT Long, W Wiggert, JD Lanerolle, LWJ Brown, CW Murtugudde, R Hood, RR AF Xu, Jiangtao Long, Wen Wiggert, Jerry D. Lanerolle, Lyon W. J. Brown, Christopher W. Murtugudde, Raghu Hood, Raleigh R. TI Climate Forcing and Salinity Variability in Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Skill assessment; Salinity variability; EOF analysis; Model validation; Estuary; Climate; Spatiotemporal patterns ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA GMELIN; DELAWARE ESTUARY; MODELING-SYSTEM; RIVER FLOW; BLUE-CRAB; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; LARVAE; STRATIFICATION; SIMULATIONS AB Salinity is a critical factor in understanding and predicting physical and biogeochemical processes in the coastal ocean where it varies considerably in time and space. In this paper, we introduce a Chesapeake Bay community implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ChesROMS) and use it to investigate the interannual variability of salinity in Chesapeake Bay. The ChesROMS implementation was evaluated by quantitatively comparing the model solutions with the observed variations in the Bay for a 15-year period (1991 to 2005). Temperature fields were most consistently well predicted, with a correlation of 0.99 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.5 degrees C for the period, with modeled salinity following closely with a correlation of 0.94 and RMSE of 2.5. Variability of salinity anomalies from climatology based on modeled salinity was examined using empirical orthogonal function analysis, which indicates the salinity distribution in the Bay is principally driven by river forcing. Wind forcing and tidal mixing were also important factors in determining the salinity stratification in the water column, especially during low flow conditions. The fairly strong correlation between river discharge anomaly in this region and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation suggests that the long-term salinity variability in the Bay is affected by large-scale climate patterns. The detailed analyses of the role and importance of different forcing, including river runoff, atmospheric fluxes, and open ocean boundary conditions, are discussed in the context of the observed and modeled interannual variability. C1 [Xu, Jiangtao; Lanerolle, Lyon W. J.] NOAA, NOS, OCS, CSDL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Xu, Jiangtao] UCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Long, Wen; Hood, Raleigh R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Wiggert, Jerry D.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lanerolle, Lyon W. J.] Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Brown, Christopher W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, DAOS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xu, JT (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, OCS, CSDL, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jiangtao.Xu@noaa.gov RI hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013; Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA05NOS4781222, NA05NOS4781226]; Center for Satellite Applications and Research; NOAA-CBFS; Divecha Center for Climate Change at IISc, Bangalore FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research's Monitoring for Event Response for Harmful Algal Bloom (MERHAB) Program (NA05NOS4781222 and NA05NOS4781226 to PIs R. Hood and C. Brown, respectively) and the Center for Satellite Applications and Research. The authors thank Tom Gross for introducing ROMS to this project and helping with the initial model development and Frank Aikman and Edward Myers at NOAA/CSDL for generously supporting the completion of the model analyses and development of the manuscript. Murtugudde gratefully acknowledges the generous support of NOAA-CBFS grant and Divecha Center for Climate Change at IISc, Bangalore. This paper represents UMCES contribution no. 4510 and MERHAB publication no. 150. NR 73 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 237 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9423-5 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898VW UT WOS:000300771500018 ER PT S AU Bruyninx, C Altamimi, Z Becker, M Craymer, M Combrinck, L Combrink, A Dawson, J Dietrich, R Fernandes, R Govind, R Herring, T Kenyeres, A King, R Kreemer, C Lavallee, D Legrand, J Sanchez, L Sella, G Shen, Z Santamaria-Gomez, A Woppelmann, G AF Bruyninx, C. Altamimi, Z. Becker, M. Craymer, M. Combrinck, L. Combrink, A. Dawson, J. Dietrich, R. Fernandes, R. Govind, R. Herring, T. Kenyeres, A. King, R. Kreemer, C. Lavallee, D. Legrand, J. Sanchez, L. Sella, G. Shen, Z. Santamaria-Gomez, A. Woeppelmann, G. BE Kenyon, SC Pacino, MC Marti, UJ TI A Dense Global Velocity Field Based on GNSS Observations: Preliminary Results SO GEODESY FOR PLANET EARTH: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 IAG SYMPOSIUM SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Assembly of the International-Association-of-Geodesy (IAG) - Geodesy for Planet Earth CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP Int Assoc Geodesy (IAG) AB In a collaborative effort with the regional sub-commissions within IAG sub-commission 1.3 "Regional Reference Frames", the IAG Working Group (WG) on "Regional Dense Velocity Fields" (see http://epncb.oma.be/IAG) has made a first attempt to create a dense global velocity field. GNSS-based velocity solutions for more than 6,000 continuous and episodic GNSS tracking stations, were proposed to the WG in reply to the first call for participation issued in November 2008. The combination of a part of these solutions was done in a two-step approach: first at the regional level, and secondly at the global level. Comparisons between different velocity solutions show an RMS agreement between 0.3 and 0.5 mm/year resp. for the horizontal and vertical velocities. In some cases, significant disagreements between the velocities of some of the networks are seen, but these are primarily caused by the inconsistent handling of discontinuity epochs and solution numbers. In the future, the WG will re-visit the procedures in order to develop a combination process that is efficient, automated, transparent, and not more complex than it needs to be. C1 [Bruyninx, C.; Sanchez, L.] Royal Observ Belgium, Av Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Altamimi, Z.] Inst Geographique Natl, Serv Rech, LARGE, F-77455 Champs Sur Mame, France. [Becker, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Phys Geodesy, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Craymer, M.] Nat Resources Canada, Geodet Survey Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. [Combrinck, L.; Combrink, A.] HartRAO, Krugersdorp 1740, South Africa. [Dawson, J.] Geosci Australia, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia. [Dietrich, R.; Govind, R.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Plantare Geodasie, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Fernandes, R.] Univ Beira Interior, IDL, P-6201001 Covilha, Portugal. [Fernandes, R.] Delft Univ Technol, DEOS, NL-2600 GB Delft, Netherlands. [Herring, T.; King, R.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kenyeres, A.] FOMI Satellite Geodet Observ, H-1592 Budapest, Hungary. [Kreemer, C.; Lavallee, D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Legrand, J.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, DEOS, NL-2600 GB Delft, Netherlands. [Sanchez, L.] Royal Observ, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Sella, G.] Deutsch Geodat Forschungsinst, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Shen, Z.] NOAA, NGS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Santamaria-Gomez, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Woeppelmann, G.] Inst Geografico Nacl, E-28071 Madrid, Spain. [Woeppelmann, G.] Inst Geophique Natl, Serv Rech, LAREG, F-77455 Champs Sur Marne, France. RP Bruyninx, C (reprint author), Royal Observ Belgium, Av Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM C.Bruyninx@oma.be RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012; Santamaria-Gomez, Alvaro/E-4573-2013; WOPPELMANN, Guy/N-6386-2014; Fernandes, Rui/B-6972-2008 OI Santamaria-Gomez, Alvaro/0000-0002-1655-3414; Fernandes, Rui/0000-0002-9733-284X NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-20338-1; 978-3-642-20337-4 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2012 VL 136 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_3 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BYU53 UT WOS:000300433100003 ER PT S AU Edwards, KR Grejner-Brzezinska, D Smith, D AF Edwards, K. R. Grejner-Brzezinska, Dorota Smith, Dru BE Kenyon, SC Pacino, MC Marti, UJ TI In Pursuit of a cm-Accurate Local Geoid Model for Ohio SO GEODESY FOR PLANET EARTH: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 IAG SYMPOSIUM SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Assembly of the International-Association-of-Geodesy (IAG) - Geodesy for Planet Earth CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP Int Assoc Geodesy (IAG) AB As part of its strategic plan for 2008-2018 [The NGS Ten Year-Plan, Mission, vision and strategy, 2008-2018], the National Geodetic Survey has resolved to engage in activities which would allow for the development of a 1-cm accurate national gravimetric geoid for the conterminous US. In this regard, the Ohio Department of Transportation has been collaborating with the OSU SPIN Laboratory in height modernization activities for the state of Ohio. Presented in this paper are the results of an investigation used to evaluate the quality of gravity and height data needed to produce a cm-accurate geoid in Ohio. In this study a local geoid model over Ohio was computed in a remove-restore geoid determination procedure using EGM2008 [Pavlis NK, Holmes SA, Kenyon SC, Factor JK (2008) An earth gravitational model to degree 2160: EGM2008, presented at the 2008 General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union, Vienna, Austria, April 13-18], publicly-available surface gravity data from the PACES website and the GTOPO30 DEM. Terrain corrections (subject to a planar approximation) were evaluated using a 2D FFT algorithm [Forsberg R (1985) Gravity field terrain effect computations by FFT. Bull Geodesique 59:342-3601; Forsberg R (1997) Terrain effects in geoid computations. Lecture notes. International School for the Determination and Use of the Geoid, Rio de Janeiro, Sept 1997]. Ohioan terrain being substantially flat (on average about 330 +/- 160 m AMSL) produced terrain corrections which were, for the most part, at the sub-mGal level. However, these translated into a geoid contribution of about 0.039 +/- 0.038 m in the local model. A 1D FFT technique [Haagmans R, de Min E, von Gelderen M (1993) Fast evaluation of convolution integrals on the sphere using 1D FFT, and a comparison with existing methods for Stokes' integral. Manuscripta Geodaetica 18:227-241] was used to evaluate the Stokes' integral [Heiskanen WA, Moritz H (1967) Physical geodesy, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA] over a 5 degrees x 5 degrees region on a 5 ' x 5 ' grid encompassing the state of Ohio and its environs. This local geoid model was used as a reference solution for statistical comparisons made to subsequently computed geoid determinations (over the same region) in which the latter had been evaluated using surface gravity and height data sets subjected to simulated zero-mean Gaussian-distributed random errors of homogeneous spatial distribution. While EGM2008 was assumed to be perfect, the standard deviation of the errors applied to the surface gravity ranged from +/- 0.1 to +/- 5 mGal while those associated with the height data (of both the gravity and the DEM) ranged from +/- 0.5 to +/- 20 m. For each Gaussian dispersion utilized, 100 simulated error-prone data sets were selected and their associated geoid solutions determined using the same Stokes/FFT algorithms which were used to evaluate the aforementioned reference geoid model. Summary statistics were evaluated for each set of the 100 "randomized" geoid models relative to the reference solution, allowing for an evaluation of the potential impact of random errors present in the input height and gravity data on the local geoid solution in Ohio. It was found that simulated height errors which were +/- 10 m or less produced a 1 cm (1 sigma) accurate local geoid while those in excess did not. RMS differences of 1-1.6 cm occurred on application of gravity errors of +/- 3 to +/- 5 mGal, prohibiting the possibility of achieving a cm-accurate geoid. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that minimum requirements for a cm accurate geoid determination in Ohio would be a combination of gravity and height data accurate up to about the +/- 3 mGal and +/- 10 m levels, respectively. Future studies will be conducted using updated gravity and height data sets. In addition the geoid height error analysis would account for (1) the implementation of a spatially-heterogeneous error modeling scheme based on surface gravity data density and (2) simulated random errors in the global geopotential model used in concert with the surface gravity and height data sets. C1 [Edwards, K. R.; Grejner-Brzezinska, Dorota] Ohio State Univ, Satellite Positioning & Inertial Nav SPIN Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Smith, Dru] US Natl Geodet Survey, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Edwards, KR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Satellite Positioning & Inertial Nav SPIN Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM edwards.582@buckeyemail.osu.edu RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 FU Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) FX This study is one aspect of Height Modernization investigations being conducted for the state of Ohio and being supported by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). We are grateful to ODOTs Mr. John Ray for his support of this project. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-20338-1; 978-3-642-20337-4 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2012 VL 136 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_57 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BYU53 UT WOS:000300433100057 ER PT J AU Saylor, RD Stein, AF AF Saylor, R. D. Stein, A. F. TI Identifying the causes of differences in ozone production from the CB05 and CBMIV chemical mechanisms SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; PHOTOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS; PREDICTIONS; CB4 AB An investigation was conducted to identify the mechanistic differences between two versions of the carbon bond gas-phase chemical mechanism (CB05 and CBMIV) which consistently lead to larger ground-level ozone concentrations being produced in the CB05 version of the National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC) modeling system even though the two parallel forecast systems utilize the same meteorology and base emissions and similar initial and boundary conditions. Box models of each of the mechanisms as they are implemented in the NAQFC were created and a set of 12 sensitivity simulations was designed. The sensitivity simulations independently probed the conceptual mechanistic differences between CB05 and CBMIV and were exercised over a 45-scenario simulation suite designed to emulate the wide range of chemical regimes encountered in a continental-scale atmospheric chemistry model. Results of the sensitivity simulations indicate that two sets of reactions that were included in the CB05 mechanism, but which were absent from the CBMIV mechanism, are the primary causes of the greater ozone production in the CB05 version of the NAQFC. One set of reactions recycles the higher organic peroxide species of CB05 (ROOH), resulting in additional photochemically reactive products that act to produce additional ozone in some chemical regimes. The other set of reactions recycles reactive nitrogen from less reactive forms back to NO2, increasing the effective NOx concentration of the system. In particular, the organic nitrate species (NTR), which was a terminal product for reactive nitrogen in the CBMIV mechanism, acts as a reservoir species in CB05 to redistribute NOx from major source areas to potentially NOx-sensitive areas where additional ozone may be produced in areas remote from direct NOx sources. C1 [Saylor, R. D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Stein, A. F.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. RP Saylor, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM rick.saylor@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014 OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.5194/gmd-5-257-2012 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 900HT UT WOS:000300878300016 ER PT J AU Li, B Toll, D Zhan, X Cosgrove, B AF Li, B. Toll, D. Zhan, X. Cosgrove, B. TI Improving estimated soil moisture fields through assimilation of AMSR-E soil moisture retrievals with an ensemble Kalman filter and a mass conservation constraint SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; SURFACE MODEL; SYSTEM NLDAS; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; ALTIMETER DATA; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; FRAMEWORK; EQUATION; PRODUCTS AB Model simulated soil moisture fields are often biased due to errors in input parameters and deficiencies in model physics. Satellite derived soil moisture estimates, if retrieved appropriately, represent the spatial mean of near surface soil moisture in a footprint area, and can be used to reduce bias of model estimates (at locations near the surface) through data assimilation techniques. While assimilating the retrievals can reduce bias, it can also destroy the mass balance enforced by the model governing equation because water is removed from or added to the soil by the assimilation algorithm. In addition, studies have shown that assimilation of surface observations can adversely impact soil moisture estimates in the lower soil layers due to imperfect model physics, even though the bias near the surface is decreased. In this study, an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with a mass conservation updating scheme was developed to assimilate Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) soil moisture retrievals, as they are without any scaling or preprocessing, to improve the estimated soil moisture fields by the Noah land surface model. Assimilation results using the conventional and the mass conservation updating scheme in the Little Washita watershed of Oklahoma showed that, while both updating schemes reduced the bias in the shallow root zone, the mass conservation scheme provided better estimates in the deeper profile. The mass conservation scheme also yielded physically consistent estimates of fluxes and maintained the water budget. Impacts of model physics on the assimilation results are discussed. C1 [Li, B.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, B.; Toll, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhan, X.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Cosgrove, B.] NOAA NWS Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bailing.li@nasa.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 FU NOAA; NASA FX The work was supported by the NOAA Climate Prediction Program for America and NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program. We thank the Department of Energy, the Department of Agriculture and US Geological Survey for making ground based measurements available in the public domain and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which helped improving the quality of this paper. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 1 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.5194/hess-16-105-2012 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 891QY UT WOS:000300232900008 ER PT J AU Buckel, CA Blanchette, CA Warner, RR Gaines, SD AF Buckel, Christine A. Blanchette, Carol Anne Warner, Robert R. Gaines, Steven D. TI Where a male is hard to find: consequences of male rarity in the surfgrass Phyllospadix torreyi SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pollen limitation; Sex ratio; Sex bias; Dispersal; Seed viability; Seagrass; Reproductive failure; Dioecy ID ZOSTERA-MARINA L; SEAGRASS AMPHIBOLIS-ANTARCTICA; POLLEN-LIMITATION; SEX-RATIOS; SUBMARINE POLLINATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PLANT REPRODUCTION; SEED SET; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; DISPERSAL AB Determining whether seed production is limited by pollen availability has been an area of intensive study. Past studies have focused largely on terrestrial species with biotic pollination modes, but precise causes and consequences of pollen limitation remain unknown. Here, sex ratio, seed production, seed recruitment, and viability were examined in intertidal populations of a dioecious, abiotically pollinated marine angiosperm, Phyllospadix torreyi (Torrey's surfgrass). Using field surveys and a common garden experiment, this study was conducted near Santa Barbara, California, USA, from 2007 to 2008. Reproduction and recruitment of P. torreyi primarily occur near the parental source (tens of meters) because female reproductive success ratio (RSR, measured as the ratio of fertilized ovules to total ovules) increased with local pollen production (RSR range: 0.02-0.71), and seed recruitment was predicted by local (site) seed production and elevation zone within the intertidal. Low RSR at sites with extreme male rarity (<0.3 male flowering shoots m(-2)) suggests that pollen limitation is occurring within this system. Seed recruitment was predicted by local (site) seed production and elevation zone (area of potential seed recruitment within the intertidal). The occurrence of seed production and recruitment at sites with extreme male rarity suggests some dispersal of seeds and pollen extending beyond the immediate vicinity of the site. Pollen or seed dispersal over longer distances, although rare, may reduce habitat fragmentation by facilitating colonization of newly available habitat. Localized pollen availability affected seed quantity but not quality; seed germination and growth were uniform among sites. C1 [Blanchette, Carol Anne] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Blanchette, Carol Anne] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Marine Sci Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Buckel, Christine A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Interdept Grad Program Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Buckel, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM christine.addison@noaa.gov RI Warner, Robert/M-5342-2013 OI Warner, Robert/0000-0002-3299-5685 FU University of California, Santa Barbara; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research FX This research was funded by the Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science (IGPMS) at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research. We thank J. Buckel for assistance with the manuscript and the many PISCO students and other volunteers who worked long, sleepless nights assisting with field surveys, particularly J. A. Macfarland, L. Dally, L. Herrera, and E. Pagaling. This is PISCO publication number 404. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 449 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.3354/meps09576 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 904XF UT WOS:000301231500010 ER PT J AU Clements, C Bonito, V Grober-Dunsmore, R Sobey, M AF Clements, Cody Bonito, Victor Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki Sobey, Milika TI Effects of small, Fijian community-based marine protected areas on exploited reef fishes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Resource management; Coral reefs; Locally managed marine areas; Tag-recapture; Conservation; Fiji ID LIFE-HISTORY; RESERVES; AGE; MANAGEMENT; ISLANDS; MATTER; SIZE; FECUNDITY; RESPONSES; CLOSURES AB No-take marine protected areas (MPAs) are commonly applied in community-based management schemes to sustain and enhance coral-reef fisheries. However, many MPAs in Fiji and the South Pacific are relatively small (<= 1 km(2)), and few data exist regarding the effects of these MPAs on populations of exploited species. We used hook-and-line fishing surveys to assess whether 4 relatively small (<1 km(2)) community-based MPAs in Fiji (3 current, 1 former) were providing any commonly sought benefits to exploited reef-fish stocks. All of the MPAs had maintained no-take status for over 4 yr, although the former MPA was opened to fishing 4 mo before this study. The current MPAs exhibited significantly greater catch and biomass per unit effort, individual fish biomass, and/or percentage of reproductive-size fish than paired, adjacent fished areas, while this was not the case with the former MPA. Sites with intact MPAs also exhibited greater catch diversity than the former MPA site. Additionally, tag and recapture data from the 17 recaptured of 2650 tagged fish suggest site fidelity of these fishes, although fishes initially captured in the MPA at all 4 sites were later caught in fished areas, indicating that there is movement of fishes from the MPAs to fished areas. While the combination of these findings supports the utility of even relatively small MPAs as effective tools for the conservation of certain target species, it also suggests that MPA benefits may be quickly depleted and that even closures of extended duration may be insufficient for long-term fisheries management if the MPAs are not maintained. C1 [Bonito, Victor] Reef Explorer Fiji Ltd, Votua Village, Korolevu, Fiji. [Clements, Cody] Univ S Pacific, Sch Marine Studies, Suva, Fiji. [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki] Univ S Pacific, Inst Appl Sci, Suva, Fiji. [Sobey, Milika] Univ S Pacific, Sch Biol Chem & Environm Sci, Suva, Fiji. [Clements, Cody] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki] NOAA, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Bonito, V (reprint author), Reef Explorer Fiji Ltd, Votua Village, Box 183, Korolevu, Fiji. EM staghorncoral@hotmail.com FU NOAA [NA08NOS4630338] FX We thank B. Donaldson, A. Bogiva, and the villagers of the Korolevu-I-Wai and Komave districts in Fiji for their assistance with data collection. We also thank J. Comley for his constructive comments during various stages of this project, as well as M. Hay, D. Rasher, and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. This research was supported by generous funding from the NOAA International Coral Reef Conservation Program (award NA08NOS4630338). NR 64 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 41 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 449 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.3354/meps09554 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 904XF UT WOS:000301231500019 ER PT J AU Smolowitz, R Milliken, HO Weeks, M AF Smolowitz, Ronald Milliken, Henry O. Weeks, Matthew TI Design, Evolution, and Assessment of a Sea Turtle Deflector Dredge for the U.S. Northwest Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery: Impacts on Fish Bycatch SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Between May 2006 and November 2009 we tested five sequential dredge modifications during 37 trips on 13 different sea scallop fishing vessels. The testing evaluated the impacts of these modifications on the catch of sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus, the bycatch of fish and sea turtles in the families Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae, and frame durability. We tested the modified dredges and an original New Bedford dredge (control) by conducting paired, side-by-side tows using identical tow parameters. A total of 4,059 paired tows were conducted in which tow data, scallop catch, and bycatch were recorded; data from 44% of the tows were sufficiently sampled for comparisons of bycatch. The dredge catches showed a significant 3% increase in sea scallop catch and significant decreases in the bycatch of many species, including yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea (46%), winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (69%), barndoor skate Dipturus laevis (18%), and winter skate Leucoraja ocellata (20%). The final design, the CFarm turtle deflector dredge, proved effective at guiding turtle carcasses over the top of the dredge by eliminating most of the bale bars and forming a ramp with a forward-positioned cutting bar and closely spaced struts leading back at a 45 degrees angle. The final design also proved effective in reducing bycatch for a number of nontarget fish species. Flow characterizations in a flume tank provided insight into the cutting bar and frame hydrodynamics that may explain the field trial results. C1 [Smolowitz, Ronald; Weeks, Matthew] Coonamessett Farm Inc, E Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. [Milliken, Henry O.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Smolowitz, R (reprint author), Coonamessett Farm Inc, 277 Hatchville Rd, E Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. EM cfarm@capecod.net NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.661386 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902NW UT WOS:000301046200009 ER PT J AU Stark, JW AF Stark, James W. TI Contrasting Maturation and Growth of Northern Rock Sole in the Eastern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska for the Purpose of Stock Management SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB The primary purpose of this study was to provide commercial fishery managers with the age- and length-at-maturity information about northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra needed for them to set a sustainable overfishing limit and evaluate the precision of the two predictors of maturity. The estimated length at which 50% of eastern Bering Sea female northern rock sole matured (L-50) was 309 mm, which was significantly smaller than that for Gulf of Alaska females. We determined that the differences in L-50 between populations were probably the result of differences in the rate of female growth. Growth was significantly faster in the Gulf of Alaska than in the eastern Bering Sea during 1996 and 1999. However, by 2007 the growth rates were similar between these areas. The variability in growth was correlated with seawater temperature. There were also differences in the age at which 50% of the females matured (A(50)) between the populations in the eastern Bering Sea (9 years) and the Gulf of Alaska (7 years). In contrast, within the eastern Bering Sea, females maintained a similar A(50) over several years, which indicates that age is the most reliable predictor of maturity for northern rock sole. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stark, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jim.stark@noaa.gov RI Stark, James/E-1868-2012 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.655845 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902NW UT WOS:000301046200013 ER PT J AU Rosales, AM Murnen, HK Kline, SR Zuckermann, RN Segalman, RA AF Rosales, Adrianne M. Murnen, Hannah K. Kline, Steven R. Zuckermann, Ronald N. Segalman, Rachel A. TI Determination of the persistence length of helical and non-helical polypeptoids in solution SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC POLYPEPTOIDS; AROMATIC SIDE-CHAINS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PEPTOID OLIGOMERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PROTEINS; CIS; CONFORMATIONS; ISOMERIZATION; POLYMERS AB Control over the shape of a polymer chain is desirable from a materials perspective because polymer stiffness is directly related to chain characteristics such as liquid crystallinity and entanglement, which in turn are related to mechanical properties. However, the relationship between main chain helicity in novel biologically derived and inspired polymers and chain stiffness (persistence length) is relatively poorly understood. Polypeptoids, or poly(N-substituted glycines), constitute a modular, biomimetic system that enables precise tuning of chain sequence and are therefore a good model system for understanding the interrelationship between monomer structure, helicity, and persistence length. The incorporation of bulky chiral monomers is known to cause main chain helicity in polypeptoids. Here, we show that helical polypeptoid chains have a flexibility nearly identical to an analogous random coil polypeptoid as observed via small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Additionally, our findings show that polypeptoids with aromatic phenyl side chains are inherently flexible with persistence lengths ranging from 0.5 to 1 nm. C1 [Zuckermann, Ronald N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rosales, Adrianne M.; Murnen, Hannah K.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zuckermann, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rnzuckermann@lbl.gov; segalman@berkeley.edu RI Zuckermann, Ronald/A-7606-2014; OI Zuckermann, Ronald/0000-0002-3055-8860; Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation; Department of Defense; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research via a Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering. A.M.R. and H.K.M also gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation and the Department of Defense for graduate fellowships (respectively). Polypeptoid synthesis and associated chemical characterization were performed at the Molecular Foundry, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory user facility supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The neutron scattering in this work is based on activities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. Certain trade names and company products are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products are necessarily best for the purpose. A portion of this research was also performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors thank Dr Volker S. Urban at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for assistance on SANS data collection. The SANS studies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Structural Molecular Biology were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, using facilities supported by the DOE, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 13 BP 3673 EP 3680 DI 10.1039/c2sm07092h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 904LN UT WOS:000301198100022 ER PT J AU Wong, KW Tsai, C Lefer, B Haman, C Grossberg, N Brune, WH Ren, X Luke, W Stutz, J AF Wong, K. W. Tsai, C. Lefer, B. Haman, C. Grossberg, N. Brune, W. H. Ren, X. Luke, W. Stutz, J. TI Daytime HONO vertical gradients during SHARP 2009 in Houston, TX SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; NITRIC-ACID PHOTOLYSIS; NITROUS-ACID; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OH RADICALS; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; MAJOR SOURCE; GASEOUS NO2; EXCITED NO2 AB Nitrous Acid (HONO) plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry as a precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most important oxidizing agent in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, the formation mechanisms of HONO are still not completely understood. Recent field observations found unexpectedly high daytime HONO concentrations in both urban and rural areas, which point to unrecognized, most likely photolytically enhanced HONO sources. Several gas-phase, aerosol, and ground surface chemistry mechanisms have been proposed to explain elevated daytime HONO, but atmospheric evidence to favor one over the others is still weak. New information on whether HONO formation occurs in the gas-phase, on aerosol, or at the ground may be derived from observations of the vertical distribution of HONO and its precursor nitrogen dioxide, NO2, as well as from its dependence on solar irradiance or actinic flux. Here we present field observations of HONO, NO2 and other trace gases in three altitude intervals (30-70 m, 70-130m and 130-300 m) using UCLA's long path DOAS instrument, as well as in situ measurements of OH, NO, photolysis frequencies and solar irradiance, made in Houston, TX, during the Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursor (SHARP) experiment from 20 April to 30 May 2009. The observed HONO mixing ratios were often ten times larger than the expected photostationary state with OH and NO. Larger HONO mixing ratios observed near the ground than aloft imply, but do not clearly prove, that the daytime source of HONO was located at or near the ground. Using a pseudo steady-state (PSS) approach, we calculated the missing day-time HONO formation rates, P-unknown, on four sunny days. The NO2-normalized P-unknown, P-norm, showed a clear symmetrical diurnal variation with a maximum around noontime, which was well correlated with actinic flux (NO2 photolysis frequency) and solar irradiance. This behavior, which was found on all clear days in Houston, is a strong indication of a photolytic HONO source. [HONO]/[NO2] ratios also showed a clear diurnal profile, with maxima of 2-3% around noon. PSS calculations show that this behavior cannot be explained by the proposed gas-phase reaction of photo-excited NO2 (NO2*) or any other gas-phase or aerosol photolytic process occurring at similar or longer wavelengths than that of HONO photolysis. HONO formation by aerosol nitrate photolysis in the UV also seems to be unlikely. P-norm correlated better with solar irradiance (average R-2 = 0.85/0.87 for visible/UV) than with actinic flux (R-2 = 0.76) on the four sunny days, clearly pointing to HONO being formed at the ground rather than on the aerosol or in the gas-phase. In addition, the observed [HONO]/[NO2] diurnal variation can be explained if the formation of HONO depends on solar irradiance, but not if it depends on the actinic flux. The vertical mixing ratio profiles, together with the stronger correlation with solar irradiance, support the idea that photolytically enhanced NO2 to HONO conversion on the ground was the dominant source of HONO in Houston. C1 [Wong, K. W.; Tsai, C.; Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lefer, B.; Haman, C.; Grossberg, N.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ren, X.; Luke, W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Stutz, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jochen@atmos.ucla.edu RI Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666 FU State of Texas through the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality; Houston Advanced Research Center; University of Texas; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work was funded by the State of Texas through the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality, the Houston Advanced Research Center, and the Air Quality Research Program of the University of Texas. Funding was also provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Career Award. NR 61 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 59 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 635 EP 652 DI 10.5194/acp-12-635-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892YL UT WOS:000300321500002 ER PT J AU McComiskey, A Feingold, G AF McComiskey, A. Feingold, G. TI The scale problem in quantifying aerosol indirect effects SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; AREAL UNIT PROBLEM; SATELLITE DATA; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; OPTICAL DEPTH; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATIONS AB A wide range of estimates exists for the radiative forcing of the aerosol effect on cloud albedo. We argue that a component of this uncertainty derives from the use of a wide range of observational scales and platforms. Aerosol influences cloud properties at the microphysical scale, or the "process scale", but observations are most often made of bulk properties over a wide range of resolutions, or "analysis scales". We show that differences between process and analysis scales incur biases in quantification of the albedo effect through the impact that data aggregation and computational approach have on statistical properties of the aerosol or cloud variable, and their covariance. Measures made within this range of scales are erroneously treated as equivalent, leading to a large uncertainty in associated radiative forcing estimates. Issues associated with the coarsening of observational resolution particular to quantifying the albedo effect are discussed. Specifically, the omission of the constraint on cloud liquid water path and the separation in space of cloud and aerosol properties from passive, space-based remote sensors dampen the measured strength of the albedo effect. We argue that, because of this lack of constraints, many of these values are in fact more representative of the full range of aerosol-cloud interactions and their associated feedbacks. Based on our understanding of these biases we propose a new observationally-based and process-model-constrained, method for estimating aerosol-cloud interactions that can be used for radiative forcing estimates as well as a better characterization of the uncertainties associated with those estimates. C1 [McComiskey, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McComiskey, A.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP McComiskey, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM allison.mccomiskey@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0002037] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-SC0002037. We thank Hailong Wang for providing the cloud resolving model fields in Fig. 5. NR 71 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1049 DI 10.5194/acp-12-1031-2012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892YL UT WOS:000300321500028 ER PT J AU Stiller, GP Kiefer, M Eckert, E von Clarmann, T Kellmann, S Garcia-Comas, M Funke, B Leblanc, T Fetzer, E Froidevaux, L Gomez, M Hall, E Hurst, D Jordan, A Kampfer, N Lambert, A McDermid, IS McGee, T Miloshevich, L Nedoluha, G Read, W Schneider, M Schwartz, M Straub, C Toon, G Twigg, LW Walker, K Whiteman, DN AF Stiller, G. P. Kiefer, M. Eckert, E. von Clarmann, T. Kellmann, S. Garcia-Comas, M. Funke, B. Leblanc, T. Fetzer, E. Froidevaux, L. Gomez, M. Hall, E. Hurst, D. Jordan, A. Kaempfer, N. Lambert, A. McDermid, I. S. McGee, T. Miloshevich, L. Nedoluha, G. Read, W. Schneider, M. Schwartz, M. Straub, C. Toon, G. Twigg, L. W. Walker, K. Whiteman, D. N. TI Validation of MIPAS IMK/IAA temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles with MOHAVE-2009 campaign measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; BOARD ENVISAT; RAMAN LIDAR; RETRIEVAL; MIPAS/ENVISAT AB MIPAS observations of temperature, water vapor, and ozone in October 2009 as derived with the scientific level-2 processor run by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) and CSIC, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) and retrieved from version 4.67 level-1b data have been compared to co-located field campaign observations obtained during the MOHAVE-2009 campaign at the Table Mountain Facility near Pasadena, California in October 2009. The MIPAS measurements were validated regarding any potential biases of the profiles, and with respect to their precision estimates. The MOHAVE-2009 measurement campaign provided measurements of atmospheric profiles of temperature, water vapor/relative humidity, and ozone from the ground to the mesosphere by a suite of instruments including radiosondes, ozonesondes, frost point hygrometers, lidars, microwave radiometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. For MIPAS temperatures (version V4O_T_204), no significant bias was detected in the middle stratosphere; between 22 km and the tropopause MIPAS temperatures were found to be biased low by up to 2 K, while below the tropopause, they were found to be too high by the same amount. These findings confirm earlier comparisons of MIPAS temperatures to ECMWF data which revealed similar differences. Above 12 km up to 45 km, MIPAS water vapor (version V4O_H2O_203) is well within 10% of the data of all correlative instruments. The well-known dry bias of MIPAS water vapor above 50 km due to neglect of non-LTE effects in the current retrievals has been confirmed. Some instruments indicate that MIPAS water vapor might be biased high by 20 to 40% around 10 km (or 5 km below the tropopause), but a consistent picture from all comparisons could not be derived. MIPAS ozone (version V4O_O3_202) has a high bias of up to +0.9 ppmv around 37 km which is due to a non-identified continuum like radiance contribution. No further significant biases have been detected. Cross-comparison to co-located observations of other satellite instruments (Aura/MLS, ACE-FTS, AIRS) is provided as well. C1 [Stiller, G. P.; Kiefer, M.; Eckert, E.; von Clarmann, T.; Kellmann, S.; Schneider, M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Garcia-Comas, M.; Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Fetzer, E.; Froidevaux, L.; Lambert, A.; Read, W.; Schwartz, M.; Toon, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hall, E.; Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Hall, E.; Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaempfer, N.; Straub, C.] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [McGee, T.; Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Miloshevich, L.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO USA. [Gomez, M.; Nedoluha, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Twigg, L. W.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Walker, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Stiller, GP (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM gabriele.stiller@kit.edu RI Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Kiefer, Michael/A-7254-2013; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; Garcia-Comas, Maya/E-4050-2014; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016 OI Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379; Garcia-Comas, Maya/0000-0003-2323-4486; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094 FU NASA; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [50EE0901]; Naval Research Laboratory; ESA; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX The MOHAVE-2009 campaign was partly funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. The work by KIT was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under contract no. 50EE0901. G. E. Nedoluha and R. M. Gomez were funded by NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program and by the Naval Research Laboratory. M. Garcia-Comas was supported by the CHOCOLATE project by ESA within the framework of the Changing Earth Science Network Initiative. AIRS and MLS data were obtained through the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The authors acknowledge ESA for providing MIPAS L1b data. GS and TvC would like to thank F. Hase, KIT, for helpful discussions. The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the manuscript with constructive and supportive comments. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 289 EP 320 DI 10.5194/amt-5-289-2012 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900HD UT WOS:000300876700003 ER PT J AU Mariani, Z Strong, K Wolff, M Rowe, P Walden, V Fogal, PF Duck, T Lesins, G Turner, DS Cox, C Eloranta, E Drummond, JR Roy, C Turner, DD Hudak, D Lindenmaier, IA AF Mariani, Z. Strong, K. Wolff, M. Rowe, P. Walden, V. Fogal, P. F. Duck, T. Lesins, G. Turner, D. S. Cox, C. Eloranta, E. Drummond, J. R. Roy, C. Turner, D. D. Hudak, D. Lindenmaier, I. A. TI Infrared measurements in the Arctic using two Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RESPONSIVITY-BASED CRITERION; WATER-VAPOR; EMISSION-SPECTRA; ACCURATE CALIBRATION; CLOUD PROPERTIES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FTIR; ANTARCTICA; PROFILES; DESIGN AB The Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI) is a moderate resolution (1 cm(-1)) Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for measuring the absolute downwelling infrared spectral radiance from the atmosphere between 400 and 3000 cm(-1). The extended spectral range of the instrument permits monitoring of the 400-550 cm(-1) (20-25 mu m) region, where most of the infrared surface cooling currently occurs in the dry air of the Arctic. Spectra from the E-AERI have the potential to provide information about radiative balance, trace gases, and cloud properties in the Canadian high Arctic. Calibration, performance evaluation, and certification of the E-AERI were performed at the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Centre from September to October 2008. The instrument was then installed at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) Ridge Lab (610m altitude) at Eureka, Nunavut, in October 2008, where it acquired one year of data. Measurements are taken every seven minutes year-round, including polar night when the solar-viewing spectrometers at PEARL are not operated. A similar instrument, the University of Idaho's Polar AERI (P-AERI), was installed at the Zero-altitude PEARL Auxiliary Laboratory (0PAL), 15 km away from the PEARL Ridge Lab, from March 2006 to June 2009. During the period of overlap, these two instruments provided calibrated radiance measurements from two altitudes. A fast line-by-line radiative transfer model is used to simulate the downwelling radiance at both altitudes; the largest differences (simulation-measurement) occur in spectral regions strongly influenced by atmospheric temperature and/or water vapour. The two AERI instruments at close proximity but located at two different altitudes are well-suited for investigating cloud forcing. As an example, it is shown that a thin, low ice cloud resulted in a 6% increase in irradiance. The presence of clouds creates a large surface radiative forcing in the Arctic, particularly in the 750-1200 cm(-1) region where the downwelling radiance is several times greater than clear-sky radiances, which is significantly larger than in other more humid regions. C1 [Mariani, Z.; Strong, K.; Wolff, M.; Fogal, P. F.; Lindenmaier, I. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wolff, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Rowe, P.; Walden, V.; Cox, C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Fogal, P. F.; Hudak, D.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Duck, T.; Lesins, G.; Drummond, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Turner, D. S.] Environm Canada, Data Assimilat & Satellite Meteorol Res Sect, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Eloranta, E.; Turner, D. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Roy, C.] ABB Bomem, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Turner, D. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Lindenmaier, I. A.] Thunder Bay Reg Res Inst, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. RP Mariani, Z (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM zmariani@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca; strong@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca; mareile.wolff@met.no; prowe@harbornet.com; vonw@uidaho.edu; pierre.fogal@utoronto.ca; tom.duck@dal.ca; glen.lesins@dal.ca; shawn.turner@ec.gc.ca; ccox@vandals.uidaho.edu; eloranta@ssec.wisc.edu; james.drummond@dal.ca; claude.b.roy@ca.abb.com; dave.turner@noaa.gov; david.hudak@ec.gc.ca; ialindenmaier@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca RI Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016 OI Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173 FU Arctic Research Infrastructure Fund; Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Environment Canada (EC); Government of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Ontario Innovation Trust; Ontario Research Fund; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Program; CSA; EC; NSERC; Northern Student Training Program; Eureka Weather Station FX The Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) is operated by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). CANDAC/PEARL funding partners are: the Arctic Research Infrastructure Fund, Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust, Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Environment Canada (EC), Government of Canada International Polar Year, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Ontario Innovation Trust, Ontario Research Fund, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, and the Polar Continental Shelf Program. Spring visits to PEARL were made as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaigns, led by Kaley A. Walker and supported by CSA, EC, NSERC and the Northern Student Training Program. Thanks to CANDAC operators Ashley Harrett, Alexei Khmel, Paul Loewen, Oleg Mikhailov, Keith MacQuarrie and Matt Okraszewski who have helped with the P-AERI and E-AERI measurements at PEARL. Thanks to Stephane Lantagne from ABB Bomem for his work installing the E-AERI at PEARL. Thanks also to the staff at the Eureka Weather Station for their support and hospitality. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 329 EP 344 DI 10.5194/amt-5-329-2012 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900HD UT WOS:000300876700005 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Sayer, AM Holben, BN Hsu, NC Sakerin, SM Macke, A Nelson, NB Courcoux, Y Smyth, TJ Croot, P Quinn, PK Sciare, J Gulev, SK Piketh, S Losno, R Kinne, S Radionov, VF AF Smirnov, A. Sayer, A. M. Holben, B. N. Hsu, N. C. Sakerin, S. M. Macke, A. Nelson, N. B. Courcoux, Y. Smyth, T. J. Croot, P. Quinn, P. K. Sciare, J. Gulev, S. K. Piketh, S. Losno, R. Kinne, S. Radionov, V. F. TI Effect of wind speed on aerosol optical depth over remote oceans, based on data from the Maritime Aerosol Network SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; MARINE AEROSOL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; IN-SITU; SURFACE; MODEL; AERONET; VARIABILITY; THICKNESS AB The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. The MAN archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we investigate correlations between ship-borne aerosol optical depth (AOD) and near-surface wind speed, either measured (on-board or from satellite) or modeled (NCEP). According to our analysis, wind speed influences columnar aerosol optical depth, although the slope of the linear regression between AOD and wind speed is not steep (similar to 0.004-0.005), even for strong winds over 10m s(-1). The relationships show significant scatter (correlation coefficients typically in the range 0.3-0.5); the majority of this scatter can be explained by the uncertainty on the input data. The various wind speed sources considered yield similar patterns. Results are in good agreement with the majority of previously published relationships between surface wind speed and ship-based or satellite-based AOD measurements. The basic relationships are similar for all the wind speed sources considered; however, the gradient of the relationship varies by around a factor of two depending on the wind data used. C1 [Smirnov, A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Smirnov, A.; Sayer, A. M.; Holben, B. N.; Hsu, N. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sayer, A. M.] GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Sakerin, S. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia. [Macke, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Courcoux, Y.] Univ Reunion, St Denis, Reunion. [Smyth, T. J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Croot, P.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [Sciare, J.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gulev, S. K.] PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Piketh, S.] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Losno, R.] Univ Paris 07, Creteil, France. [Losno, R.] Univ Paris 12, Creteil, France. [Kinne, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. [Radionov, V. F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. EM alexander.smirnov-1@nasa.gov RI Smyth, Tim/D-2008-2012; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012; Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Nelson, Norman/B-7343-2014; Croot, Peter/C-8460-2009; Gulev, Sergey/A-4994-2014; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789; Nelson, Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598; Croot, Peter/0000-0003-1396-0601; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NASA; AMSR-E Science Team FX The authors thank Hal Maring (NASA Headquarters) for his support of AERONET. The authors thank Kirk Knobelspiesse (Columbia University and NASA GISS) and anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. Measurements onboard R/V Marion-Dufresne were supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV). NCEP Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. AMSR-E data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project and the AMSR-E Science Team. Data are available at www.remss.com. Gert Konig-Langlo from Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Bremerhaven, Germany) is acknowledged for providing the meteorological data from R/V Polarstern. British Oceanographic Data Centre is acknowledged for providing AMT19 and 20 meteorological data (the data were supplied to BODC by Chris Barnard, Gareth Knights and Jon Seddon). NR 44 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.5194/amt-5-377-2012 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900HD UT WOS:000300876700008 ER PT J AU Matsui, N Long, CN Augustine, J Halliwell, D Uttal, T Longenecker, D Niebergall, O Wendell, J Albee, R AF Matsui, N. Long, C. N. Augustine, J. Halliwell, D. Uttal, T. Longenecker, D. Niebergall, O. Wendell, J. Albee, R. TI Evaluation of Arctic broadband surface radiation measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BUDGET; EARTHS; INSTRUMENTATION; CLOUDS; ICE AB The Arctic is a challenging environment for making in-situ surface radiation measurements. A standard suite of radiation sensors is typically designed to measure incoming and outgoing shortwave (SW) and thermal infrared, or longwave (LW), radiation. Enhancements may include various sensors for measuring irradiance in narrower bandwidths. Many solar radiation/thermal infrared flux sensors utilize protective glass domes and some are mounted on complex mechanical platforms (solar trackers) that keep sensors and shading devices trained on the sun along its diurnal path. High quality measurements require striking a balance between locating stations in a pristine undisturbed setting free of artificial blockage (such as from buildings and towers) and providing accessibility to allow operators to clean and maintain the instruments. Three significant sources of erroneous data in the Arctic include solar tracker malfunctions, rime/frost/snow deposition on the protective glass domes of the radiometers and operational problems due to limited operator access in extreme weather conditions. In this study, comparisons are made between the global and component sum (direct [vertical component] + diffuse) SW measurements. The difference between these two quantities (that theoretically should be zero) is used to illustrate the magnitude and seasonality of arctic radiation flux measurement problems. The problem of rime/frost/snow deposition is investigated in more detail for one case study utilizing both SW and LW measurements. Solutions to these operational problems that utilize measurement redundancy, more sophisticated heating and ventilation strategies and a more systematic program of operational support and subsequent data quality protocols are proposed. C1 [Matsui, N.; Longenecker, D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsui, N.; Augustine, J.; Uttal, T.; Longenecker, D.; Wendell, J.; Albee, R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Halliwell, D.; Niebergall, O.] Environm Canada, Regina, SK, Canada. [Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Albee, R.] Sci Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matsui, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nobuki.matsui@colorado.edu FU NOAA/GMD; NOAA SEARCH; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) FX The authors thank Dutton, E., and Michalsky, J. (NOAA/GMD) and McArthur, L. J. B. for their expertise, support and encouragement. We salute all the hard work by CANDAC and Environment Canada operators in Eureka. This work was supported by the NOAA SEARCH program and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.5194/amt-5-429-2012 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900HD UT WOS:000300876700012 ER PT J AU King, AL Sanudo-Wilhelmy, SA Boyd, PW Twining, BS Wilhelm, SW Breene, C Ellwood, MJ Hutchins, DA AF King, A. L. Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S. A. Boyd, P. W. Twining, B. S. Wilhelm, S. W. Breene, C. Ellwood, M. J. Hutchins, D. A. TI A comparison of biogenic iron quotas during a diatom spring bloom using multiple approaches SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PARTICULATE MATTER; EXPERIMENT SOFEX; SURFACE WATERS; CELLULAR IRON; PACIFIC-OCEAN; BOUND IRON AB Biogenic Fe quotas were determined using three distinct techniques on samples collected concurrently in the subtropical Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand. Fe quotas were measured using radioisotope uptake experiments (24 h incubation), bulk filtration and analysis by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS), and single-cell synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) analysis over a sixteen-day period (year days 263 to 278 of 2008) during a quasi-Lagrangian drifter experiment that tracked the evolution of the annual spring diatom bloom within a counter-clockwise open-ocean eddy. Overall, radioisotope uptake-determined Fe quotas (washed with oxalate reagent to remove extracellular Fe) were the lowest (0.5-1.0 mmol Fe:mol P; 4-8 mu mol Fe:mol C), followed by single-cell Fe quotas (2.3-7.5 mmol Fe:mol P; 1757 mu mol Fe:mol C), and the highest and most variable quotas were from the bulk filtration ICPMS approach that used the oxalate reagent wash, corrected for lithogenic Fe using Al (0.8-21 mmol Fe:mol P; 4-136 mu mol Fe:mol C). During the evolution of the spring bloom within the eddy (year days 263 to 272), the surface mixed layer inventories of particulate biogenic elements (C, N, P, Si) and chlorophyll increased while Fe quotas estimated from all three approaches exhibited a general decline. After the onset of the bloom decline, the drogued buoys exited the eddy center (days 273 to 277). Fe quotas returned to pre-bloom values during this part of the study. Our standardized and coordinated sampling protocols reveal the general observed trend in Fe quotas: ICPMS > SXRF > radioisotope uptake. We discuss the inherent differences between the techniques and argue that each technique has its individual merits and uniquely contributes to the characterization of the oceanic particulate Fe pool. C1 [King, A. L.; Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S. A.; Breene, C.; Hutchins, D. A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Boyd, P. W.] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, NIWA Ctr Chem & Phys Oceanog, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Boyd, P. W.] Natl Inst Water & Atmosphere, Wellington, New Zealand. [Twining, B. S.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Wilhelm, S. W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ellwood, M. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP King, AL (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM andrew.king@gmail.com RI Wilhelm, Steven/B-8963-2008; Hutchins, David/D-3301-2013; Boyd, Philip/J-7624-2014; OI Wilhelm, Steven/0000-0001-6283-8077; Boyd, Philip/0000-0001-7850-1911; Twining, Benjamin/0000-0002-1365-9192; Ellwood, Michael/0000-0003-4288-8530 FU MSI (New Zealand); National Science Foundation [OCE 0825379/0825405/0825319, OCE 0850730]; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The FeCycle II project was supported by the MSI (New Zealand) funding to the Coasts and Oceans OBI programme (P. W. Boyd, S. Nodder and E. W. Maas) and by grants from the National Science Foundation OCE 0825379/0825405/0825319 to B. S. Twining, S. W. Wilhelm, and D. A. Hutchins, and OCE 0850730 to D. A. Hutchins and F. X. Fu. R. Frew and M. J. Ellwood assisted sampling. H. Chang provided phytoplankton identification and counts. J. Mendez, J. Jacquot, and L. Cutter provided technical assistance at the USC ICPMS facility. We thank E. P. Achterberg and M. T. Maldonado for helpful reviews of our manuscript. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Open access publication costs were awarded to A. L. King by Copernicus Publishing and the ClimECO2 summer school. NR 83 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 667 EP 687 DI 10.5194/bg-9-667-2012 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 900HK UT WOS:000300877400004 ER PT J AU Harrison, MD Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS AF Harrison, Melanie D. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. TI Microbial biomass and activity in geomorphic features in forested and urban restored and degraded streams SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; Methane; Nitrification; Restoration; Urban ID LAND-USE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; METHANE OXIDATION; HEADWATER STREAMS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ORGANIC-CARBON; PRAIRIE STREAM; DEBRIS DAMS; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION AB Geomorphic spatial heterogeneity affects sediment denitrification, an anaerobic microbial process that results in the loss of nitrogen (N), and other anaerobic microbial processes such as methanogenesis in urban streams. We measured sediment denitrification potential (DEA), net nitrification, methanogenesis, and a suite of ancillary microbial variables in geomorphic stream features (organic debris dams, pools, riffles, and sloughs) in forested, urban degraded and urban restored streams in the Baltimore. MD, USA metropolitan area, between June 2005 and November 2006. DEA was higher in organic debris dams (2783 +/- 1405 ng N g(-1) h(-1), mean standard error) than in pools (505 +/- 144), riffles (360 +/- 78), and sloughs (270 +/- 106), and was higher in forest (1439 +/- 613) than in urban degraded (442 +/- 98) and restored sites (391 +/- 116), but the differences were not statistically significant. DEA was positively related to microbial biomass N (MBN) (p < 0.0001) and percent sediment organic matter (SOM) (p = 0.006). DEA and MBN were significantly higher in June 2005 and August 2006 than in November 2006, a temporal pattern that may have been driven by changes in microbial biomass. Methanogenesis was active in all stream geomorphic features across all study sites. Reach scale estimates of nitrification ranged from 157 to 344 mg N m(-2) d(-1) and were similar to reach scale DEA rates (97-230 mg N m(-2) d(-1)), with no significant differences between restored and unrestored reaches. These results suggest that in-stream geomorphic features in urban restored and degraded sites have the potential to function as N sinks by maintaining anaerobic conditions and microbial biomass and activity that stimulate denitrification. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harrison, Melanie D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NMFS SW Reg, Protected Resources Div, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Harrison, Melanie D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol & Earth Syst Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harrison, MD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NMFS SW Reg, Protected Resources Div, 777 Sonoma Ave, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. EM Melanie.Harrison@noaa.gov RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR829676]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0423476]; NSF [0549469]; NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI) [06-40300]; NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP) FX This research was supported by grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (CR829676), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476), the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program program (0549469), the NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI 06-40300), and the NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP). We thank Dan Dillon, Dave Lewis, and Lisa Martel for assistance with field and laboratory work, Edward Doheny (USGS) for providing geomorphic survey information and Andrew Miller for thoughtful comments and review of the manuscript. The research has not been subjected to EPA or USGS review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.09.001 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 899GN UT WOS:000300804500001 ER PT J AU Hamm, DE AF Hamm, David E. TI Development and Evaluation of a Data Dictionary to Standardize Salmonid Habitat Assessments in the Pacific Northwest SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ET-AL; RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; THREATS; REACH AB Restoration ecology and conservation biology have increasingly recognized the need for a common language to facilitate the combining of data sets to help identify threats, degraded habitat, and appropriate restoration response. However, to date no tool exists that can standardize language for large quantities of publicly available information relevant to the analysis and management of threatened and endangered Pacific salmonids. Here, I present a simple and transparent method for integrating assessments of degraded salmonid habitat into a database using a data dictionary. The data dictionary is then used to measure similarity between independently created assessments for subbasins within the Columbia-Cascade region. The relationship between the number of restoration projects and the number of assessed ecological concerns is also compared. This initial investigation illustrates the data dictionary's utility in defining a set of salmonid-specific ecological concerns, providing a means to integrate habitat assessments to encompass a wider area and measure the concordance between different assessments conducted over the same geographical area. The ability to standardize and integrate information on degraded habitat provides an important link in a logical chain connecting habitat conditions to the restoration projects intended to enhance populations of threatened and endangered salmonids. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hamm, DE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM david.e.hamm@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 6 EP 18 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.639679 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902MP UT WOS:000301042900003 ER PT J AU Theocharous, E Lehman, J AF Theocharous, Evangelos Lehman, John TI The evaluation of a pyroelectric detector with and without a sprayed multi-walled carbon nanotube coating SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black coatings; Multi-wall carbon nanotubes; Linearity of response; Pyroelectric detectors; Spatial uniformity ID ABSOLUTE LINEARITY MEASUREMENTS; BLACK COATINGS AB The radiometric properties of a pyroelectric detector based on a LiTaO3 crystal were studied when the detector had a sprayed multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coating and when the coating was removed. The spatial uniformity of response of the bare detector improved as the modulation frequency increased in the 4-70 Hz range whereas the spatial uniformity of response of the coated detector deteriorated as the modulation frequency increased over the same range. The uncoated detector was observed to have a "super-linear" response whereas the linearity of response of the coated detector was shown to be "sub-linear". The origin and implications of this behaviour are discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Theocharous, Evangelos] Natl Phys Lab, Opt Measurement Team, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Lehman, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Theocharous, E (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Opt Measurement Team, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM e.theo@npl.co.uk NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2011.11.002 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 901KQ UT WOS:000300966200025 ER PT J AU Haynes, WM AF Haynes, William M. TI Untitled SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Haynes, WM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM haynes@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1152-2 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 891YU UT WOS:000300253800001 ER PT J AU Kazakov, A Muzny, CD Kroenlein, K Diky, V Chirico, RD Magee, JW Abdulagatov, IM Frenkel, M AF Kazakov, A. Muzny, C. D. Kroenlein, K. Diky, V. Chirico, R. D. Magee, J. W. Abdulagatov, I. M. Frenkel, M. TI NIST/TRC SOURCE Data Archival System: The Next-Generation Data Model for Storage of Thermophysical Properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Database; Data model; Thermochemical properties; Thermophysical properties ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; DATA COMPILATIONS; WEB; THERMODYNAMICS; QUALITY; DEMAND; XML AB A new data model for storage of experimental thermophysical and thermochemical property data was developed and implemented for the NIST/TRC SOURCE data archival system. Substantial improvements in data quality, as well as system usability and extendability, are achieved. Substance identification based on chemical structures was implemented. Availability of stored chemical structures will facilitate the use of property estimation methods to supplement the experimental information. C1 [Kazakov, A.; Muzny, C. D.; Kroenlein, K.; Diky, V.; Chirico, R. D.; Magee, J. W.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Frenkel, M.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kazakov, A (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrei.kazakov@nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1107-7 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 891YU UT WOS:000300253800004 ER PT J AU Thomas, DS Butry, DT AF Thomas, Douglas S. Butry, David T. TI Wildland Fires within Municipal Jurisdictions SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland-urban interface; wildfire; wildland ID URBAN INTERFACE AB Each year, wildland fires threaten structures and occupants of the wildland urban interface (RI). Currently, wildfire ignition estimates largely exclude ignitions originating within municipal jurisdictions, which contain the majority of the US population. The objective of this article is to provide national estimates and trends of the WUI fire problem; in particular, we analyze the US Fire Administration's National Fire Incident Reporting System fire incident data from 2002 to 2006 reported by local municipal fire departments across the United States. We estimate that, on average, the burning of wildland fuels is associated with 116,971 fires annually. Each year, these fires are responsible for, on average, 15 civilian (nonfire service) fatalities, 88 civilian injuries, and $160 million in direct property losses. These damages include losses to 599 residential structures, 649 nonresidential structures, and 829 vehicles (per year). Based on the value of a statistical life ($8.75 million) and statistical injury ($189 thousand), we find that the economic value of fatalities and injuries averaged $148 million annually. Thus, the losses associated with fires occurring on municipal lands total on average $308 million annually over this time period. C1 [Thomas, Douglas S.; Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thomas, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Off Appl Econ, 100 Bur Rd,MS 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM douglas.thomas@nist.gov; david.butry@nist.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.5849/jof.10-024 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 898OS UT WOS:000300752300004 ER PT J AU Palamara, L Manderson, J Kohut, J Oliver, MJ Gray, S Goff, J AF Palamara, Laura Manderson, John Kohut, Josh Oliver, Matthew J. Gray, Steven Goff, John TI Improving habitat models by incorporating pelagic measurements from coastal ocean observatories SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Habitat characteristics; Pelagic; Remote sensing; Spatial fisheries management; Canonical correspondence analysis; CCA; Mid-Atlantic Bight ID MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; BEHAVIOR; NETWORK; RADAR AB As in all temperate coastal seas, habitats in the Mid-Atlantic Bight are spatially and temporally dynamic. Understanding how species respond to the dynamics of their environment is important for developing effective management strategies. In this study, we used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to determine habitat variables most important in explaining variation in fish and invertebrate communities sampled with bottom trawls. We also quantified the relative explanatory power of seabed habitat features, pelagic features measured in situ and pelagic features measured remotely, all of which can be used to explain species variability. Pelagic habitat features, most notably surface and bottom temperature and stratification, explained 76% of the community variation observed, compared with 40.9% explained by seabed features, mainly depth. Remotely sensed pelagic characteristics explained 46.9% of the variation that was accounted for and were redundant for features measured in situ; this suggests that remotely sensed features are representative of features measured in situ including certain subsurface features. Cross-shelf and seasonal variation in environmental variables were the major predictors of species distributions and accounted for 71.3% of the total explained community variation. We described the seasonal dynamics of important habitat gradients and the responses of species with different habitat requirements and geographic range distributions to those gradients. We argue that consideration of dynamic pelagic features in addition to slowly changing features is important. Dynamic approaches are necessary for effective management and ocean observing systems can be used to develop dynamic space-based management strategies. C1 [Palamara, Laura; Kohut, Josh] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Manderson, John] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst Proc Div,James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Oliver, Matthew J.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Gray, Steven] Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Goff, John] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Palamara, L (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM palamara@marine.rutgers.edu FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment [FATE NA08NMF450626]; NASA Biodiversity [NNG06GH75G1/3]; NASA [NNH07ZDA001N]; US IOOS [MARACOOS NA07NOS4730221, MARACOOS NA10NOS4730014, MARACOOS NA11NOS0120038]; Delaware Sea Grant [NA10OAR4170084] FX The authors thank the following agencies for support during this project: NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE NA08NMF450626) for primary support, as well as NASA Biodiversity (NNG06GH75G1/3), NASA New Investigator Program (NNH07ZDA001N), US IOOS Program (MARACOOS NA07NOS4730221, MARACOOS NA10NOS4730014 and MARACOOS NA11NOS0120038) and Delaware Sea Grant (NA10OAR4170084). RU COOL, usSEABED, National Geophysical Data Center and M. Taylor, B. Phelan and S. Lucey at NOAA-NEFSC provided data used in the analysis. We also thank H. Fuchs, J. Manning and anonymous reviewers for their comments and advice. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 447 BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.3354/meps09496 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 897OG UT WOS:000300660600002 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Shertzer, KW AF Sunda, William G. Shertzer, Kyle W. TI Modeling ecosystem disruptive algal blooms: positive feedback mechanisms SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE EDABs; Plankton models; Positive feedback; Nutrients; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; Brown tide; Diatoms ID TEXAS BROWN-TIDE; ARCTIC PACIFIC-OCEAN; LAGUNA MADRE; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; AMMONIUM UPTAKE; HIGH-NITRATE; FOOD WEBS; CELL-SIZE AB Harmful blooms of algae that disrupt and degrade ecosystems (ecosystem disruptive algal blooms, EDABs) are occurring with increasing frequency with eutrophication and other adverse anthropogenic alterations of coastal systems. EDAB events have been hypothesized to be caused by positive feedback interactions involving differential growth of competing algal species, low grazing mortality rates on EDAB species, and resulting decreases in nutrient inputs from grazer-mediated nutrient cycling as the EDAB event progresses. Here we develop a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model to test the conceptual positive feedback hypothesis. In this model we compete the low-nutrient adapted brown tide EDAB species Aureoumbra lagunensis and 2 high-nutrient-adapted diatoms (Thalassiosira pseudonana and T. weissflogii) using published data for growth rate versus limiting nutrient (ammonium) concentration. The model results support the positive feedback hypothesis for EDAB formation, and verify that bloom formation requires low grazing rates on the EDAB species. The model predicts that because of the positive feedback, the harmful bloom should persist once formed. The model further shows that the likelihood and biomass intensity of an EDAB event is increased by greater residence time of water in a coastal system and that increased nutrient supply increases its severity. Our results demonstrate that EDAB events do not simply involve a direct stimulation of growth of harmful species by increased nutrients, but rather involve complex interactions among the growth of competing algal species, differential grazing on those species, and changes in nutrient cycling that are directly linked to algal grazing. C1 [Sunda, William G.; Shertzer, Kyle W.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, CCFHR, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, CCFHR, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 447 BP 31 EP U69 DI 10.3354/meps09482 PG 26 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 897OG UT WOS:000300660600003 ER PT J AU Bodkin, JL Ballachey, BE Coletti, HA Esslinger, GG Kloecker, KA Rice, SD Reed, JA Monson, DH AF Bodkin, James L. Ballachey, Brenda E. Coletti, Heather A. Esslinger, George G. Kloecker, Kimberly A. Rice, Stanley D. Reed, John A. Monson, Daniel H. TI Long-term effects of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: sea otter foraging in the intertidal as a pathway of exposure to lingering oil SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Sea otter; 'Exxon Valdez'; Oil spill; Enhydra lutris; Time-depth recorder; TDR ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CRUDE-OIL; PROTOTHACA-STAMINEA; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; FOOD LIMITATION; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; ALASKA; HYDROCARBONS; RECOVERY; MORTALITY AB The protracted recovery of some bird and mammal populations in western Prince William Sound (WPWS), Alaska, and the persistence of spilled 'Exxon Valdez' oil in intertidal sediments, suggests a pathway of exposure to consumers that occupy nearshore habitats. To evaluate the hypothesis that sea otter (Enhydra lutris) foraging allows access to lingering oil, we contrast spatial relations between foraging behavior and documented oil distribution. We recovered archival time-depth recorders implanted in 19 sea otters in WPWS, where lingering oil and delayed ecosystem recovery are well documented. Sea otter foraging dives ranged from +2.7 to -92 m below sea level (MLLW), with intertidal accounting for 5 to 38% of all foraging. On average, female sea otters made 16 050 intertidal dives per year and 18% of these dives were at depths above the +0.80 m tidal elevation. Males made 4100 intertidal dives per year and 26% of intertidal foraging took place at depths above the +0.80 m tidal elevation. Estimated annual oil encounter rates ranged from 2 to 24 times yr(-1) for females, and 2 to 4 times yr(-1) for males. Exposure rates increased in spring when intertidal foraging doubled and females were with small pups. In summer 2008, we found sea otter foraging pits on 13.5 of 24.8 km of intertidal shoreline surveyed. Most pits (82%) were within 0.5 m of the zero tidal elevation and 15% were above 0.5 m, the level above which most (65%) lingering oil remains. In August 2008, we detected oil above background concentrations in 18 of 41 (44%) pits excavated by sea otters on beaches with prior evidence of oiling, with total PAH concentrations up to 56 000 ng g(-1) dry weight. Our estimates of intertidal foraging, the widespread presence of foraging pits in the intertidal, and the presence of oil in and near sea otter foraging pits documents a pathway of exposure from lingering intertidal oil to sea otters foraging in WPWS. C1 [Bodkin, James L.; Ballachey, Brenda E.; Esslinger, George G.; Kloecker, Kimberly A.; Reed, John A.; Monson, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rice, Stanley D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Bodkin, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbodkin@usgs.gov RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013; OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673; Kloecker, Kimberly/0000-0002-2461-968X FU US Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; however, the findings and conclusions do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the US government. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of J. deLaBruere, B. Hatfield, P. Kearney, M. Kenner and B. Uher-Koch for their significant contributions to sea otter captures and field data collection, to M. Murray and P. Snyder for veterinary procedures, and to J. Coffey for TDR data calibration. We appreciate the thoughtful reviews of this work by L. Bowen, D. Esler, K. Oakley, and 3 anonymous colleagues. NR 67 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 93 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 447 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.3354/meps09523 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 897OG UT WOS:000300660600019 ER PT J AU Mancini, A Koch, V Seminoff, JA Madon, B AF Mancini, Agnese Koch, Volker Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Madon, Benedicte TI Small-scale gill-net fisheries cause massive green turtle Chelonia mydas mortality in Baja California Sur, Mexico SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Artisanal fisheries; bycatch; Chelonia mydas; East Pacific green turtle; gill-nets; mortality; marine turtles; Mexico ID COASTAL FORAGING AREA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-TURTLES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; PELAGIC LONGLINES; BAHIA MAGDALENA; HOME-RANGE; STRANDINGS; BYCATCH; POPULATION AB The coastal waters of Baja California Sur, Mexico, include some of the most important foraging grounds of the East Pacific green turtle Chelonia mydas. However, they are also important fishing grounds for artisanal fleets, leading potentially to high levels of bycatch mortality. We studied the impact of a small-scale gill-net fishery at San Ignacio lagoon, north-west Mexico, an important green turtle feeding ground. We conducted mortality censuses and interviewed local fishers to estimate total bycatch mortality at the lagoon. We also used marked drifters and carcasses to estimate stranding probabilities of turtles taken as bycatch. During 2006-2009 we found 262 dead turtles; 96% of the mortality occurred in May-August corresponding to the fishing season for halibut Paralichthys californicus and guitar-fish (Rhinobatus sp.). Stranding probability estimated from drifters was 0.062 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.035-0.094), yielding a minimum mortality of 3,516 turtles during 2006-2008 (95% CI 2,364-6,057) or 1,172 animals per year. This is probably an underestimate of real mortality as the drifters have higher stranding probabilities than carcasses and most of the nets were set in the lower lagoon where carcasses rarely strand. Interviews with local fishers yielded a similar estimate of 1,087 (95% CI 901-1,286) dead turtles per year. This study is emblematic of the impact of artisanal fleets on marine turtles caused by overlap of fishing and turtle feeding areas. In 2009 strandings declined by > 97%, resulting from a change in fishing practices because of increased vigilance by enforcement authorities, underscoring the importance of law enforcement to protect threatened species. C1 [Mancini, Agnese; Koch, Volker] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz 23080, Bcs, Mexico. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Madon, Benedicte] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math & Stat, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Mancini, Agnese; Madon, Benedicte] Boomerang Earth Conservat, Antony, France. [Koch, Volker] Invest Conservac & el Desarrollo, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, Carretera Sur Km 5-5, La Paz 23080, Bcs, Mexico. EM vokoch@uabcs.mx RI Koch, Volker/J-1587-2012 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologias [SEMARNAT-2004-C01-277]; Earthwatch foundation; Grupo Tortuguero; Rufford Small Grants for Conservation FX We thank the Secretaria para el Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) for providing the permits under which this study was conducted (SGPA/DGVS/03846, SGPA/DGVS/03944/07, SGPA/DGVS/03816/08, SGPA/DGVS/05603/09). This study was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologias grant SEMARNAT-2004-C01-277 and by the Earthwatch foundation. We thank all the volunteers, fishers and members of the Grupo Tortuguero who supported our project. AM was supported by Rufford Small Grants for Conservation. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 31 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1017/S0030605310001833 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899CZ UT WOS:000300793200013 ER PT J AU Roscioli, JR Bell, DJ Nelson, DJ Nesbitt, DJ AF Roscioli, J. R. Bell, D. J. Nelson, D. J. Nesbitt, D. J. TI State-resolved velocity map imaging of surface-scattered molecular flux SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-LIQUID INTERFACE; ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; CO2 SCATTERING; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; INTERNAL-STATE; DYNAMICS; BEAM AB This work describes a novel surface-scattering technique which combines resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) with velocity-map imaging (VMI) to yield quantum-state and 2D velocity component resolved distributions in the scattered molecular flux. As an initial test system, we explore hyperthermal scattering (E-inc = 21(5) kcal mol(-1)) of jet cooled HC1 from Au(111) on atomically flat mica surfaces at 500 K. The resulting images reveal 2D (v(in-plane) and v(out-of-plane)) velocity distributions dominated by two primary features: trapping/thermal-desorption (TD) and a hyperthermal, impulsively scattering (IS) distribution. In particular, the IS component is strongly forward scattered and largely resolved in the velocity map images, which allows us to probe correlations between rotational and translational degrees of freedom in the IS flux without any model dependent deconvolution from the TD fraction. These correlations reveal that HC1 molecules which have undergone a large decrease in velocity parallel to scattering plane have actually gained the most rotational energy, reminiscent of a dynamical energy constraint between these two degrees of freedom. The data are reduced to a rotational energy map that correlates (E-rot) with velocity along and normal to the scattering plane, revealing that exchange occurs primarily between rotation and the in-plane kinetic energy component, with vout-of-plane playing a relatively minor role. C1 [Nesbitt, D. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with additional support from the National Science Foundation. JRR would like to gratefully acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology for a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 4070 EP 4080 DI 10.1039/c1cp22938a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 901FA UT WOS:000300946600006 PM 22159155 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Hudgens, JW AF Pettibone, John M. Hudgens, Jeffrey W. TI Reaction network governing diphosphine-protected gold nanocluster formation from nascent cationic platforms SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL ANALYSIS; METAL CLUSTER CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEARITY GOLD; PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; LIGAND; SIZE AB We identify the reaction network governing gold monolayer protected cluster (MPC) formation during the reduction of Au(PPh3) Cl and L-5 (L-5 = 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino) pentane) in solutions. UV-vis spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) monitored the formation of ligated Au-x: 6 <= x <= 12 clusters, which comprise the reaction intermediates and final products. Initially, predominantly [Au2L25](2+) complexes form through dissolution of Au(PPh3)Cl. These complexes control the reduction and nucleation reactions that form nascent phosphine-ligated Au-8 and Au-10 ionic clusters. [Au10L45](2+) is an observed growth platform for ligated Au-11 and Au-12 clusters. The data for syntheses of Au : L-5 systems evidence that the nascent reaction products (t < 3 days) are less dependent on the chosen reducing agent (borane tert-butylamine complex or NaBH4); instead, after reduction ceases, subsequent solution phase processing provides greater control for tuning cluster nuclearity. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudgens, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.pettibone@nist.gov; jeffrey.hudgens@nist.gov FU National Academy of Science's National Research Council FX JMP acknowledges the National Academy of Science's National Research Council for postdoctoral fellowships. We thank Dr Denis E. Bergeron for advice and help with experiments involving the aerated solutions. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 4142 EP 4154 DI 10.1039/c2cp22865c PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 901FA UT WOS:000300946600014 PM 22337143 ER PT J AU Furukawa, T Mak, LC Durrant-Whyte, H Madhavan, R AF Furukawa, Tomonari Mak, Lin Chi Durrant-Whyte, Hugh Madhavan, Rajmohan TI Autonomous Bayesian Search and Tracking, and its Experimental Validation SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Search; tracking; Bayesian; coordination; cooperation ID LOST TARGETS; FILTERS AB We present a technique that uniformly controls a team of autonomous sensor platforms charged with the dual task of searching for and then tracking a moving target within a recursive Bayesian estimation framework. The proposed technique defines the target detectable region, and uniformly formulates observation likelihoods with detection and no-detection events. The unified likelihood function allows the proposed technique to update and maintain the target belief, regardless of the target delectability. For unified search and tracking (SAT), the proposed technique further predicts the belief in a finite-time horizon, and decides control actions by maximizing a unified objective function consisting of local and global measures derived from the predicted belief. Using the objective function, the proposed technique can smoothly change its control actions even during transitions between SAT. The numerical results first show successful SAT by the proposed technique in tests using a sensor platform with different detectability and comparison with conventional searching techniques under different prior knowledge, and then identifies the superiorities of the proposed technique in SAT. The experimental results finally validate the applicability and extendability of the proposed technique via coordinated SAT in a field experiment. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan, 2012 C1 [Furukawa, Tomonari; Mak, Lin Chi] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, IALR, Danville, VA 24543 USA. [Durrant-Whyte, Hugh] Natl ICT Australia, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. [Madhavan, Rajmohan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mak, LC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, IALR, 150 Slayton Ave, Danville, VA 24543 USA. EM linchi@vt.edu FU US Army International Technology Center - Pacific [FA23896-08-1-4129]; ARC Centre of Excellence; Australian Research Council (ARC); New South Wales State Government FX This work was primarily supported by US Army International Technology Center - Pacific (FA23896-08-1-4129). Additional support by the ARC Centre of Excellence program, funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC) and the New South Wales State Government, is also greatly acknowledged. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-1864 J9 ADV ROBOTICS JI Adv. Robot. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5-6 BP 461 EP 485 DI 10.1163/156855311X617461 PG 25 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 898JR UT WOS:000300739200003 ER PT J AU Choi, S Wang, Y Salawitch, RJ Canty, T Joiner, J Zeng, T Kurosu, TP Chance, K Richter, A Huey, LG Liao, J Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Dibb, JE Weinheimer, AJ Diskin, G Ryerson, TB da Silva, A Curry, J Kinnison, D Tilmes, S Levelt, PF AF Choi, S. Wang, Y. Salawitch, R. J. Canty, T. Joiner, J. Zeng, T. Kurosu, T. P. Chance, K. Richter, A. Huey, L. G. Liao, J. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Dibb, J. E. Weinheimer, A. J. Diskin, G. Ryerson, T. B. da Silva, A. Curry, J. Kinnison, D. Tilmes, S. Levelt, P. F. TI Analysis of satellite-derived Arctic tropospheric BrO columns in conjunction with aircraft measurements during ARCTAS and ARCPAC SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPLETION EVENTS; STRATOSPHERIC BROMINE MONOXIDE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; SUNRISE EXPERIMENT 1992; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-ICE; POLAR SUNRISE; GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS; MONITORING EXPERIMENT; LIMB MEASUREMENTS AB We derive tropospheric column BrO during the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns in spring 2008 using retrievals of total column BrO from the satellite UV nadir sensors OMI and GOME-2 using a radiative transfer model and stratospheric column BrO from a photochemical simulation. We conduct a comprehensive comparison of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO column to aircraft in-situ observations of BrO and related species. The aircraft profiles reveal that tropospheric BrO, when present during April 2008, was distributed over a broad range of altitudes rather than being confined to the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Perturbations to the total column resulting from tropospheric BrO are the same magnitude as perturbations due to longitudinal variations in the stratospheric component, so proper accounting of the stratospheric signal is essential for accurate determination of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO. We find reasonably good agreement between satellite-derived tropospheric BrO and columns found using aircraft in-situ BrO profiles, particularly when satellite radiances were obtained over bright surfaces (albedo >0.7), for solar zenith angle <80 degrees and clear sky conditions. The rapid activation of BrO due to surface processes (the bromine explosion) is apparent in both the OMI and GOME-2 based tropospheric columns. The wide orbital swath of OMI allows examination of the evolution of tropospheric BrO on about hourly time intervals near the pole. Low surface pressure, strong wind, and high PBL height are associated with an observed BrO activation event, supporting the notion of bromine activation by high winds over snow. C1 [Choi, S.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, T.; Huey, L. G.; Liao, J.; Curry, J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.; Canty, T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Joiner, J.; da Silva, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kurosu, T. P.; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Richter, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.; Kinnison, D.; Tilmes, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Diskin, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Levelt, P. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Levelt, P. F.] Univ Technol Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012; Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008 OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Smithsonian Institution FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) IPY, ARCTAS, and Aura science team programs, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ARCPAC program, GEST GSSP program, and Smithsonian Institution. The authors are grateful to the NASA GMAO reanalysis processing teams as well as the GOME-2, OMI, and MODIS data processing teams for providing data sets. The authors also appreciate numerous helpful discussions with George Mount. We also thank Nicolas Theys for sharing his calculations of stratospheric column BrO and for many helpful email exchanges. Finally, the authors express special thanks to the two anonymous referees and editor Jan W. Bottenheim for valuable comments that improved this paper. NR 98 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1255 EP 1285 DI 10.5194/acp-12-1255-2012 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897ND UT WOS:000300656500004 ER PT J AU Liao, J Huey, LG Scheuer, E Dibb, JE Stickel, RE Tanner, DJ Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Choi, S Wang, Y Salawitch, RJ Canty, T Chance, K Kurosu, T Suleiman, R Weinheimer, AJ Shetter, RE Fried, A Brune, W Anderson, B Zhang, X Chen, G Crawford, J Hecobian, A Ingall, ED AF Liao, J. Huey, L. G. Scheuer, E. Dibb, J. E. Stickel, R. E. Tanner, D. J. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Choi, S. Wang, Y. Salawitch, R. J. Canty, T. Chance, K. Kurosu, T. Suleiman, R. Weinheimer, A. J. Shetter, R. E. Fried, A. Brune, W. Anderson, B. Zhang, X. Chen, G. Crawford, J. Hecobian, A. Ingall, E. D. TI Characterization of soluble bromide measurements and a case study of BrO observations during ARCTAS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE OZONE DEPLETION; SUNRISE EXPERIMENT 1992; POLAR SUNRISE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR; TROPOSPHERE; AEROSOL; SUMMIT; MODEL AB A focus of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was examination of bromine photochemistry in the spring time high latitude troposphere based on aircraft and satellite measurements of bromine oxide (BrO) and related species. The NASA DC-8 aircraft utilized a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) to measure BrO and a mist chamber (MC) to measure soluble bromide. We have determined that the MC detection efficiency to molecular bromine (Br-2), hypobromous acid (HOBr), bromine oxide (BrO), and hydrogen bromide (HBr) as soluble bromide (Br-) was 0.9 +/- 0.1, 1.06 + 0.30/-0.35, 0.4 +/- 0.1, and 0.95 +/- 0.1, respectively. These efficiency factors were used to estimate soluble bromide levels along the DC-8 flight track of 17 April 2008 from photochemical calculations constrained to in situ BrO measured by CIMS. During this flight, the highest levels of soluble bromide and BrO were observed and atmospheric conditions were ideal for the spaceborne observation of BrO. The good agreement (R-2 = 0.76; slope = 0.95; intercept = -3.4 pmol mol(-1)) between modeled and observed soluble bromide, when BrO was above detection limit (>2 pmol mol(-1)) under unpolluted conditions (NO <10 pmol mol(-1)), indicates that the CIMS BrO measurements were consistent with the MC soluble bromide and that a well characterized MC can be used to derive mixing ratios of some reactive bromine compounds. Tropospheric BrO vertical column densities (BrOVCD) derived from CIMS BrO observations compare well with BrOTROPVCD from OMI on 17 April 2008. C1 [Liao, J.; Huey, L. G.; Dibb, J. E.; Stickel, R. E.; Tanner, D. J.; Choi, S.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Hecobian, A.; Ingall, E. D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Scheuer, E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Salawitch, R. J.; Canty, T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chance, K.; Kurosu, T.; Suleiman, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.; Shetter, R. E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fried, A.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brune, W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Anderson, B.; Chen, G.; Crawford, J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Huey, LG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Ingall, Ellery/A-5447-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Zhang, Xiaolu/F-9190-2011; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Hecobian, Arsineh/A-9743-2012; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013 OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Ingall, Ellery/0000-0003-1954-0317; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Hecobian, Arsineh/0000-0001-9511-4868; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934 FU NASA [NNX08AR67G]; NASA Aura Science; ACMAP; ARCTAS FX This work was funded by the NASA Tropospheric Program - Contract NNX08AR67G, NASA Aura Science, ACMAP, and ARCTAS. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1327 EP 1338 DI 10.5194/acp-12-1327-2012 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897ND UT WOS:000300656500007 ER PT J AU Casey, SPF Fetzer, EJ Kahn, BH AF Casey, S. P. F. Fetzer, E. J. Kahn, B. H. TI Revised identification of tropical oceanic cumulus congestus as viewed by CloudSat SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRIMODAL CHARACTERISTICS; CONVECTION; WAVES; RADAR; MJO AB Congestus cloud convective features are examined in one year of tropical oceanic cloud observations from the CloudSat/CALIPSO instruments. Two types of convective clouds (cumulus and deep convective, based on classification profiles from radar), and associated differences in radar reflectivity and radar/lidar cloud-top height are considered. Congestus convective features are defined as contiguous convective clouds with heights between 3 and 9 km. Three criteria were used in previous studies to identify congestus: (1) CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud-top heights less than 1 km apart; (2) CloudSat 0 dBZ echo-top height less than 1 km from CloudSat cloud-top height, and (3) CloudSat 10 dBZ echo-top height less than 2 km from CloudSat cloud-top height. A majority of congestus convective features satisfy the second and third requirements. However, over 40% of convective features identified had no associated CALIPSO cloud-top height, predominantly due to the extinguishment of the lidar beam above the CloudSat-reported convective cloud. For the remaining cells, approximately 56% of these satisfy all three requirements; when considering the lidar beam-extinction issue, only 31% of congestus convective features are identified using these criteria. This implies that while previous methods used to identify congestus clouds may be accurate in finding vigorous convection (such as transient congestus rising toward the tropopause), these criteria may miss almost 70% of the total observed congestus convective features, suggesting a more general approach should be used to describe congestus and its surrounding environment. C1 [Casey, S. P. F.; Fetzer, E. J.; Kahn, B. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Casey, SPF (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sean.casey@noaa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Government sponsorship FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It was supported by the NASA Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) project. (C) 2011 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1587 EP 1595 DI 10.5194/acp-12-1587-2012 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897ND UT WOS:000300656500023 ER PT J AU Fei, ZP Ashraf, RS Huang, ZG Smith, J Kline, RJ D'Angelo, P Anthopoulos, TD Durrant, JR McCulloch, I Heeney, M AF Fei, Zhuping Ashraf, Raja Shahid Huang, Zhenggang Smith, Jeremy Kline, R. Joseph D'Angelo, Pasquale Anthopoulos, Thomas D. Durrant, James R. McCulloch, Iain Heeney, Martin TI Germaindacenodithiophene based low band gap polymers for organic solar cells SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; DITHIENOGERMOLE; 2,1,3-BENZOTHIADIAZOLE; TRANSISTORS; EFFICIENCY; ATOM AB We report the first synthesis of a fused germaindacenodithiophene monomer and its polymerisation with 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole by Suzuki polycondensation. The resulting polymer, PGeTPTBT, is semicrystalline, despite the presence of four bulky 2-ethylhexyl groups. Blends with P70CBM afford solar cells with efficiencies of 5.02%. C1 [Fei, Zhuping; Ashraf, Raja Shahid; Huang, Zhenggang; Durrant, James R.; McCulloch, Iain; Heeney, Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Fei, Zhuping; Ashraf, Raja Shahid; Huang, Zhenggang; Smith, Jeremy; D'Angelo, Pasquale; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.; Durrant, James R.; McCulloch, Iain; Heeney, Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Smith, Jeremy; D'Angelo, Pasquale; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heeney, M (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM m.heeney@imperial.ac.uk RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; D'Angelo, Pasquale/E-2951-2012; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; ASHRAF, RAJA SHAHID/A-3640-2008 OI D'Angelo, Pasquale/0000-0002-4500-4457; Fei, Zhuping/0000-0002-2160-9136; Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; ASHRAF, RAJA SHAHID/0000-0003-1885-2271 FU Dutch Polymer Institute [678] FX This work was supported by the Dutch Polymer Institute (grant 678). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. We thank Michael F Toney for help with the GIWAXS measurements. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 24 BP 2955 EP 2957 DI 10.1039/c2cc17996b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 896ML UT WOS:000300570800006 PM 22318622 ER PT J AU McAllister, T MacNeill, R Erbay, O Sarawit, A Zarghamee, M Kirkpatrick, S Gross, J AF McAllister, Therese MacNeill, Robert Erbay, Omer Sarawit, Andrew Zarghamee, Mehdi Kirkpatrick, Steven Gross, John TI Analysis of Structural Response of WTC 7 to Fire and Sequential Failures Leading to Collapse SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE World Trade Center; WTC 7; Fire-induced damage; Structural analysis; Failure; Global collapse AB This paper presents the structural analysis approach used and results obtained during the investigation conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to model the sequence of fire-induced damage and failures leading to the global collapse of World Trade Center 7 (WTC 7). The structural analysis required a two-phased approach to address both the gradual response of the structure to fire before collapse initiation (approximately 4 h) and the rapid response of the structure during the collapse process (approximately 15 s). This paper emphasizes the first phase, a pseudostatic (implicit) analysis that simulated the response of structural elements to fires that spread and grew over several hours and presents key aspects of the second phase, a dynamic (explicit) analysis that used the first-phase damage as initial conditions and simulated the progression of structural failures that resulted in global collapse. The analyses accounted for (1) geometric nonlinearities; (2) temperature-dependent nonlinear materials behavior for both members and connections (including thermal expansion, degradation of stiffness, yield and ultimate strength, and creep); and (3) sequential failure of structural framing and connections. Analysis uncertainty was addressed by determining rational bounds on the complex set of input conditions and by running several multiphase analyses within those bounds. The structural response from each analysis was compared to the observed collapse behavior. This approach allowed evaluation of fire-induced damage, sequential component failures, and progression of component and subsystem failures through global collapse of WTC 7. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000398. (c) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [McAllister, Therese; Gross, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacNeill, Robert; Kirkpatrick, Steven] Appl Res Associates, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Erbay, Omer; Sarawit, Andrew; Zarghamee, Mehdi] Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. RP McAllister, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM therese.mcallister@nist.gov OI Kirkpatrick, Steven/0000-0001-9590-7980 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000398 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 894PX UT WOS:000300440000012 ER PT J AU Moffat, TP Josell, D AF Moffat, T. P. Josell, D. TI Extreme Bottom-Up Superfilling of Through-Silicon-Vias by Damascene Processing: Suppressor Disruption, Positive Feedback and Turing Patterns SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; 2-MERCAPTO-5-BENZIMIDAZOLESULFONIC ACID; ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS; SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; MICRORING ELECTRODES; CU ELECTRODEPOSITION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); BLOCKING INHIBITORS; SULFATE-SOLUTIONS AB Extreme bottom-up copper superfilling of through-silicon-vias (TSV) is demonstrated using a CuSO4-H2SO4 electroplating bath containing chloride and a polyether suppressor. Via filling occurs almost exclusively by deposition on the bottom via surface. The differential between the incoming fluxes of hydrated metal cations and larger suppressor molecules is accentuated by the recessed via geometry and accounts for preferential metal deposition initiating and growing from the bottom surface. The bottom-up growth front eventually propagates beyond the via opening and a substantial overburden develops. Feature filling is enhanced in electrolytes with a high [Cu2+]/[H3O+] ratio where global coupling by migration helps sustain the flux of Cu2+ to actively growing surface sections. Bottom-up superfilling relies on positive feedback whereby inhibition provided by adsorption of the polyether additive on the chloride saturated surface is disrupted by the metal deposition reaction. Release of the water of hydration that accompanies reduction of the Cu2+ aquo complex contributes to the sustained disruption of suppressor activity at the growth front. The correlation between TSV superfilling and additive-generated voltammetric hysteresis on planar substrates, which also involves a negative-differential-resistance (S-NDR) coupled with the electrolyte resistance, provides a general framework for understanding and guiding optimization of the bottom-up growth mode in recessed surface features. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.040204jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Moffat, T. P.; Josell, D.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov NR 67 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 9 U2 108 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 4 BP D208 EP D216 DI 10.1149/2.040204jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 895HZ UT WOS:000300488300055 ER PT J AU Stavis, SM Geist, J Gaitan, M Locascio, LE Strychalski, EA AF Stavis, Samuel M. Geist, Jon Gaitan, Michael Locascio, Laurie E. Strychalski, Elizabeth A. TI DNA molecules descending a nanofluidic staircase by entropophoresis SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CONFINEMENT; ELECTROPHORESIS; NANOCHANNELS; STATISTICS; SEPARATION; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; ARRAYS AB A complex entropy gradient for confined DNA molecules was engineered for the first time. Following the second law of thermodynamics, this enabled the directed self-transport and self-concentration of DNA molecules. This new nanofluidic method is termed entropophoresis. As implemented in experiments, long DNA molecules were dyed with cyanine dimers, dispersed in a high ionic strength buffer, and confined by a nanofluidic channel with a depth profile approximated by a staircase function. The staircase step depths spanned the transition from strong to moderate confinement. The diffusion of DNA molecules across slitlike steps was ratcheted by entropic forces applied at step edges, so that DNA molecules descended and collected at the bottom of the staircase, as observed by fluorescence microscopy. Different DNA morphologies, lengths, and stoichiometric base pair to dye molecule ratios were tested and determined to influence the rate of transport by entropophoresis. A model of ratcheted diffusion was used to interpret a shifting balance of forces applied to linear DNA molecules of standard length in a complex free energy landscape. Related metrics for the overall and optimum performance of entropophoresis were developed. The device and method reported here transcend current limitations in nanofluidics and present new possibilities in polymer physics, biophysics, separation science, and lab-on-a-chip technology. C1 [Stavis, Samuel M.; Geist, Jon; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Locascio, Laurie E.; Strychalski, Elizabeth A.] NIST, Biochem Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stavis, SM (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sstavis@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X FU National Science Foundation; National Research Council FX This work was performed in part while S.M.S. and E.A.S. held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards. Device fabrication was performed at the Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility (CNF), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, and the Cornell Center for Materials Research, both supported by the National Science Foundation. Device characterization was performed in part at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors gratefully acknowledge the staff of the CNF staff for assistance with device fabrication. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1174 EP 1182 DI 10.1039/c2lc21152a PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895QO UT WOS:000300511500022 PM 22278088 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, O. A. TI On the possibility of using acoustic reverberation for remote sensing of ocean dynamics SO ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE acoustic tomography; noise interferometry; sound scattering; diffuse wave fields; acoustics of moving media ID CROSS-CORRELATION FUNCTION; GREENS-FUNCTION RETRIEVAL; SURFACE-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; DISCRETE SPECTRUM; SCATTERING MEDIUM; DIFFUSE FIELD; MOVING MEDIUM; OPEN SYSTEMS AB The two-point correlation function of diffuse noise fields produced by distributed random sound sources carries useful information on the medium of sound propagation. Such information can be used for performing passive acoustic tomography of the ocean. In a number of cases that are important for practice, the noise field in the ocean is predominated by contributions of individual point sources. Here, a theoretical study is presented on the possibility of determining the sound speed and current velocity in the water column by the correlation processing of reverberation signals measured by two vertical receiving arrays. In other words, we study the possibility of replacing the diffuse noise produced by a great number of delta-correlated sources by waves generated by a localized source and scattered at the rough surface and bottom of the ocean for sensing the medium. The correlation function of scattered waves is calculated by using the method of small perturbations. It is shown that the correlation processing of the scattered waves offers an opportunity of measuring the acoustic nonreciprocity and reconstructing the field of sound speed in the fluid, without using any acoustiLc transceivers. C1 [Godin, O. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, O. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU NAVAIR [N68335-10-C-0414]; CRDF [RUPI-2978-MO-10] FX The studies on which the present paper is based were supported by NAVAIR (project no. N68335-10-C-0414) and CRDF (project no. RUPI-2978-MO-10. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7710 J9 ACOUST PHYS+ JI Acoust. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1134/S1063771012010101 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 891UF UT WOS:000300241400014 ER PT J AU Ispas, CR Crivat, G Andreescu, S AF Ispas, Cristina R. Crivat, Georgeta Andreescu, Silvana TI REVIEW: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ENZYME-BASED BIOSENSORS FOR BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Bioanalysis; Biomedical; Electrochemical; Enzyme biosensors; Optical; Review ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; HIGHLY SENSITIVE DETECTION; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; ON-A-CHIP; QUANTUM DOTS; IN-VIVO; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; DIRECT ELECTROCHEMISTRY; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; GRAPHENE NANOSHEETS AB The need for simple, rapid, cost-effective, and portable screening methods has boosted the development of practical biosensors with applications in clinical monitoring, and diagnosis of disease. Compared with traditional analytical methods, enzyme-based bioanalytical devices have several distinct advantages such as high sensitivity and specificity, portability, cost-effectiveness, and the possibilities for miniaturization and mass production. Additionally, they can be developed for point-of-care diagnostic testing. This paper reviews recent advances in the development of enzyme biosensors, design characteristics, performances, and applications with a focus on electrochemical and optical sensors. Recent emerging technologies and innovative biosensing designs, such as nanosensors, paper based-sensors, lab-on-a-chip, biochips, and microfluidic devices are discussed. Specific applications in bioanalysis, clinical diagnosis, and pharmacology are discussed. C1 [Ispas, Cristina R.; Andreescu, Silvana] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Crivat, Georgeta] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Crivat, Georgeta] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Andreescu, S (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM eandrees@clarkson.edu RI Ispas, Cristina/F-9300-2011; OI Andreescu, Silvana/0000-0003-3382-7939 FU NSF [0954919] FX This work was supported by NSF grant 0954919 to SA. NR 109 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 18 U2 172 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2012 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 168 EP 186 DI 10.1080/00032719.2011.633188 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 894CV UT WOS:000300405500005 ER PT J AU Burton, SP Ferrare, RA Hostetler, CA Hair, JW Rogers, RR Obland, MD Butler, CF Cook, AL Harper, DB Froyd, KD AF Burton, S. P. Ferrare, R. A. Hostetler, C. A. Hair, J. W. Rogers, R. R. Obland, M. D. Butler, C. F. Cook, A. L. Harper, D. B. Froyd, K. D. TI Aerosol classification using airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar measurements - methodology and examples SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; SPACE TECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENT; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SAHARAN DUST; RAMAN LIDAR; MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ASIAN DUST; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AB The NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) on the NASA B200 aircraft has acquired extensive datasets of aerosol extinction (532 nm), aerosol optical depth (AOD) (532 nm), backscatter (532 and 1064 nm), and depolarization (532 and 1064 nm) profiles during 18 field missions that have been conducted over North America since 2006. The lidar measurements of aerosol intensive parameters (lidar ratio, depolarization, backscatter color ratio, and spectral depolarization ratio) are shown to vary with location and aerosol type. A methodology based on observations of known aerosol types is used to qualitatively classify the extensive set of HSRL aerosol measurements into eight separate types. Several examples are presented showing how the aerosol intensive parameters vary with aerosol type and how these aerosols are classified according to this new methodology. The HSRL-based classification reveals vertical variability of aerosol types during the NASA ARCTAS field experiment conducted over Alaska and northwest Canada during 2008. In two examples derived from flights conducted during ARCTAS, the HSRL classification of biomass burning smoke is shown to be consistent with aerosol types derived from coincident airborne in situ measurements of particle size and composition. The HSRL retrievals of AOD and inferences of aerosol types are used to apportion AOD to aerosol type; results of this analysis are shown for several experiments. C1 [Burton, S. P.; Ferrare, R. A.; Hostetler, C. A.; Hair, J. W.; Rogers, R. R.; Obland, M. D.; Cook, A. L.; Harper, D. B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Butler, C. F.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Froyd, K. D.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Burton, SP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate; NASA CALIPSO; US Department of Energy; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-AI02-05ER63985] FX Funding for this research came from the NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate Radiation Sciences Program; the NASA CALIPSO project; and the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program, under Grant No. DE-AI02-05ER63985. The authors also acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used for some of the analysis described in this publication. The authors would also like to thank the NASA Langley B200 King Air flight crew for their outstanding work in support of HSRL measurements. NR 102 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 73 EP 98 DI 10.5194/amt-5-73-2012 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 891RE UT WOS:000300233500004 ER PT J AU Ulbrich, IM Canagaratna, MR Cubison, MJ Zhang, Q Ng, NL Aiken, AC Jimenez, JL AF Ulbrich, I. M. Canagaratna, M. R. Cubison, M. J. Zhang, Q. Ng, N. L. Aiken, A. C. Jimenez, J. L. TI Three-dimensional factorization of size-resolved organic aerosol mass spectra from Mexico City SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; FACTOR-ANALYTIC MODELS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; GENERATING PARTICLE BEAMS; PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; NEW-YORK-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RECEPTOR MODEL AB A size-resolved submicron organic aerosol composition dataset from a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) collected in Mexico City during the MILAGRO campaign in March 2006 is analyzed using 3-dimensional (3-D) factorization models. A method for estimating the precision of the size-resolved composition data for use with the factorization models is presented here for the first time. Two 3-D models are applied to the dataset. One model is a 3-vector decomposition (PARAFAC model), which assumes that each chemical component has a constant size distribution over all time steps. The second model is a vector-matrix decomposition (Tucker 1 model) that allows a chemical component to have a size distribution that varies in time. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an application of 3-D factorization models to data from fast aerosol instrumentation, and the first application of this vector-matrix model to any ambient aerosol dataset. A larger number of degrees of freedom in the vector-matrix model enable fitting real variations in factor size distributions, but also make the model susceptible to fitting noise in the dataset, giving some unphysical results. For this dataset and model, more physically meaningful results were obtained by partially constraining the factor mass spectra using a priori information and a new regularization method. We find four factors with each model: hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), biomass-burning organic aerosol (BBOA), oxidized organic aerosol (OOA), and a locally occurring organic aerosol (LOA). These four factors have previously been reported from 2-dimensional factor analysis of the high-resolution mass spectral dataset from this study. The size distributions of these four factors are consistent with previous reports for these particle types. Both 3-D models produce useful results, but the vector-matrix model captures real variability in the size distributions that cannot be captured by the 3-vector model. A tracer m/z-based method provides a useful approximation for the component size distributions in this study. Variation in the size distributions is demonstrated in a case study day with a large secondary aerosol formation event, in which there is evidence for the coating of HOA-containing particles with secondary species, shifting the HOA size distribution to larger particle sizes. These 3-D factorizations could be used to extract size-resolved aerosol composition data for correlation with aerosol hygroscopicity, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and other aerosol impacts. Furthermore, other fast and chemically complex 3-D datasets, including those from thermal desorption or chromatographic separation, could be analyzed with these 3-D factorization models. Applications of these models to new datasets requires careful construction of error estimates and appropriate choice of models that match the underlying structure of those data. Factorization studies with these 3-D datasets have the potential to provide further insights into organic aerosol sources and processing. C1 [Ulbrich, I. M.; Cubison, M. J.; Aiken, A. C.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ulbrich, I. M.; Aiken, A. C.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Canagaratna, M. R.; Ng, N. L.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626 FU NSF [ATM-0919189]; CIRES; [NOAA NA08OAR4310565] FX We are grateful to A. Escrig for discussions of implementing models in the ME-2 script language, P. Paatero and the AMS users community for helpful discussions, and to the JILA writing workshop and especially to J. Phillips. We thank J. Allan, P. Paatero, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments in reviewing the manuscript. This research was supported by grants NOAA NA08OAR4310565, NSF ATM-0919189, and a CIRES Graduate Student Research Fellowship to I. Ulbrich. This paper has not been reviewed by any of the funding agencies and thus no endorsement should be inferred. NR 88 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 195 EP 224 DI 10.5194/amt-5-195-2012 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 891RE UT WOS:000300233500011 ER PT J AU Thomas, RM Lehmann, K Nguyen, H Jackson, DL Wolfe, D Ramanathan, V AF Thomas, R. M. Lehmann, K. Nguyen, H. Jackson, D. L. Wolfe, D. Ramanathan, V. TI Measurement of turbulent water vapor fluxes using a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle system SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LATENT-HEAT; AIRCRAFT; AIRBORNE; ENVIRONMENT; ABSORPTION; PROFILES; LIDARS; CARBON; ERRORS AB We present here the first application of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system designed to measure turbulent properties and vertical latent heat fluxes (lambda E). Such measurements are crucial to improve our understanding of linkages between surface moisture supply and boundary layer clouds and phenomena such as atmospheric rivers. The application of UAVs allows for measurements on spatial scales complimentary to satellite, aircraft, and tower derived fluxes. Key system components are: a turbulent gust probe; a fast response water vapor sensor; an inertial navigation system (INS) coupled to global positioning system (GPS); and a 100 Hz data logging system. We present measurements made in the continental boundary layer at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Research Flight Facility located in the Mojave Desert. Two flights consisting of several horizontal straight flux run legs up to ten kilometers in length and between 330 and 930 m above ground level (m a. g. l.) are compared to measurement from a surface tower. Surface measured lambda E ranged from -53 W m(-2) to 41 W m(-2), and the application of a Butterworth High Pass Filter (HPF) to the datasets improved agreement to within +/-12 W m(-2) for 86% of flux runs, by removing improperly sampled low frequency flux contributions. This result, along with power and co-spectral comparisons and consideration of the differing spatial scales indicates the system is able to resolve vertical fluxes for the measurement conditions encountered. Challenges remain, and the outcome of these measurements will be used to inform future sampling strategies and further system development. C1 [Thomas, R. M.; Lehmann, K.; Nguyen, H.; Ramanathan, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Clouds Chem & Climate C4, Scripps Inst Oceanog SIO, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jackson, D. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jackson, D. L.; Wolfe, D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Thomas, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Clouds Chem & Climate C4, Scripps Inst Oceanog SIO, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rmthomas@ucsd.edu RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866 FU NOAA [NOAA NA17RJ1231]; NSF [ATM0721142] FX We would like to acknowledge the outstanding contributions to this system made by the late Katrin Lehmann, whose life was tragically cut short by a hiking accident. Katrin was responsible for the initial design and construction and programming of the system elements, and laid solid foundations for the excellent system performance encountered during this experiment. We are indebted to NOAA (Gary Wick, Robbie Hood, Marty Ralph), for funding this project through research grant NOAA NA17RJ1231. Thanks to Todd Jacobs for assisting with Tower data collection, Mike Rezin for technical help, to the pilots Phillip Corcoran and Rafael Gaytan, and Mike Marston for arranging the use of the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center. V. Ramanathan's participation was funded by NSF, ATM0721142. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 243 EP 257 DI 10.5194/amt-5-243-2012 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 891RE UT WOS:000300233500013 ER PT J AU Greenlee, LF Hooker, SA AF Greenlee, Lauren F. Hooker, Stephanie A. TI Development of stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles SO DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE Carboxymethyl cellulose; Nanoparticle characterization; Organic contaminant; Zero valent iron; Stabilizer; Nanoparticle synthesis ID FE-PD NANOPARTICLES; BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; PALLADIZED IRON; HUMIC-ACID; DECHLORINATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SIZE; HYDRODECHLORINATION AB Many organic micropollutants have recently been identified in natural water sources and treated drinking water. Often, these compounds are not successfully degraded or removed by current water treatment processes. There is an increasing interest in developing new water treatment technologies based on catalytic nanoparticles to take advantage of enhanced particle reactivity at the nanoscale. Our current research focuses on the development and characterization of zero valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles to improve nanoparticle design and enhance particle reactivity. The focus of this study was to evaluate two different iron salts as starting materials and to evaluate three different carboxymethyl cellulose stabilizers. The stabilizers were evaluated for their ability to stabilize ZVI nanoparticles during synthesis and to produce dispersed nanoparticles with narrow size distributions. Nanoparticles with a modal particle diameter of less than 50 nm were obtained. Particles were characterized using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta potential. C1 [Greenlee, Lauren F.; Hooker, Stephanie A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA. RP Greenlee, LF (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA. EM lauren.greenlee@nist.gov OI Greenlee, Lauren/0000-0001-6147-1533 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 51 PU DESALINATION PUBL PI HOPKINTON PA 36 WALCOTT VALLEY DRIVE,, HOPKINTON, MA 01748 USA SN 1944-3994 J9 DESALIN WATER TREAT JI Desalin. Water Treat. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.5004/dwt.2012.2526 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 893NP UT WOS:000300362900014 ER PT J AU Doucette, GJ Mikulski, CM King, KL Roth, PB Wang, ZH Leandro, LF DeGrasse, SL White, KD De Biase, D Gillett, RM Rolland, RM AF Doucette, Gregory J. Mikulski, Christina M. King, Kristen L. Roth, Patricia B. Wang, Zhihong Leandro, Luis F. DeGrasse, Stacey L. White, Kevin D. De Biase, Daniela Gillett, Roxanne M. Rolland, Rosalind M. TI Endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) experience repeated, concurrent exposure to multiple environmental neurotoxins produced by marine algae SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; Eubalaena glacialis; Harmful algal blooms; Paralytic shellfish toxins; Reproductive failure; Saxitoxin ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; FREE-FLOATING FECES; DOMOIC ACID; SEA LIONS; EASTERN CANADA; FUNDY; BAY; HEALTH; TOXICITY; TOXINS AB The western North Atlantic population of right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) is one of the most critically endangered of any whale population in the world. Among the factors considered to have potentially adverse effects on the health and reproduction of E. glacialis are biotoxins produced by certain microalgae responsible for causing harmful algal blooms. The worldwide incidence of these events has continued to increase dramatically over the past several decades and is expected to remain problematic under predicted climate change scenarios. Previous investigations have demonstrated that N. Atlantic right whales are being exposed to at least two classes of algal-produced environmental neurotoxins-paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and domoic acid (DA). Our primary aims during this six-year study (2001-2006) were to assess whether the whales' exposure to these algal biotoxins occurred annually over multiple years, and to what extent individual whales were exposed repeatedly and/or concurrently to one or both toxin classes. Approximately 140 right whale fecal samples obtained across multiple habitats in the western N. Atlantic were analyzed for PSTs and DA. About 40% of these samples were attributed to individual whales in the North Atlantic Right Whale Catalog, permitting analysis of biotoxin exposure according to sex, age class, and reproductive status/history. Our findings demonstrate clearly that right whales are being exposed to both of these algal biotoxins on virtually an annual basis in multiple habitats for periods of up to six months (April through September), with similar exposure rates for females and males (PSTs: similar to 70-80%; DA: similar to 25-30%). Notably, only one of 14 lactating females sampled did not contain either PSTs or DA, suggesting the potential for maternal toxin transfer and possible effects on neonatal animals. Moreover, 22% of the fecal samples tested for PSTs and DA showed concurrent exposure to both neurotoxins, leading to questions of interactive effects. Targeted studies employing both in vivo and in vitro model systems represent the next logical step in assessing how and to what extent these algal biotoxins might compromise the health and reproduction of this endangered population. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Doucette, Gregory J.; Mikulski, Christina M.; King, Kristen L.; Wang, Zhihong; Leandro, Luis F.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Roth, Patricia B.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [DeGrasse, Stacey L.; White, Kevin D.] US FDA, Off Regulatory Sci, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [De Biase, Daniela] Sapienza Univ Roma, Ist Pasteur, Fdn Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento Sci Biotecnol Med Chirurg, I-04100 Latina, Italy. [Gillett, Roxanne M.] Trent Univ, Nat Resources DNA Profiling & Forens Ctr, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Rolland, Rosalind M.] New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; OI DeGrasse, Stacey/0000-0001-7808-4193; De Biase, Daniela/0000-0003-3536-9927 FU NOAA/NMFS [50-EANF-0-00047, EA133F-02-SE-0155, DG133F-04-CN-0056]; Northeast Consortium [02-557]; Morris Animal Foundation; Island Foundation; International Fund for Animal Welfare; Bernice Barbour Foundation; NOAA/NOS FX Funding for the collection, processing and analysis of samples, and analysis of the resulting data was provided in part by grants to R.M.R. from NOAA/NMFS (#s 50-EANF-0-00047, EA133F-02-SE-0155, DG133F-04-CN-0056), Northeast Consortium (02-557), Morris Animal Foundation, Island Foundation, International Fund for Animal Welfare, and Bernice Barbour Foundation, and in part by NOAA/NOS operational funds to G.J.D. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 65 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 112 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2011.09.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 885TX UT WOS:000299804800008 PM 22018895 ER PT J AU Wang, XM Wang, CH Wu, MM Wang, YX Jing, XP AF Wang, Xiao-Ming Wang, Chun-Hai Wu, M. M. Wang, Y. X. Jing, Xi-Ping TI O/N ordering in the structure of Ca3Si2O4N2 and the luminescence properties of the Ce3+ doped material SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION-NITRIDATION METHOD; LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE; SIALON-EU PHOSPHORS; O-N SYSTEM; ALPHA-SIALON; OXONITRIDOALUMINOSILICATES SIALONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; WHITE LEDS; CA; NITRIDOSILICATES AB A white powder of oxonitridosilicate Ca3Si2O4N2 was synthesized at 1450 degrees C from CaCO3, Si3N4 and SiO2. The crystal structure was refined using X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data with subsequent Rietveld refinements (R-wp = 7.35 for XRD and R-wp = 5.53 for NPD). The phase has a cubic unit cell with space group Pa (3) over bar (no. 205), cell parameters a = 15.0739(2) angstrom and Z = 24. In contrast with most layered oxonitridosilicates, such as MSi2O2N2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba), Ba3Si6O9N4 and Ce4Si4O5N6, Ca3Si2O4N2 is constructed of highly corrugated 12-membered rings of [Si12O24N12], which is composed of [SiO2N2] tetrahedra. N atoms fully occupy the bridging sites and O atoms fully occupy the terminal sites. This structure is also supported by the Si-29 NMR measurement. The photoluminescence of Ce3+ doped Ca3Si2O4N2 shows that the phosphor has a typical shouldered emission band peaking at 470 nm and the phosphor can be efficiently excited in the range 300-400 nm, which makes it an attractive candidate phosphor for the application in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). C1 [Wang, Xiao-Ming; Wang, Chun-Hai; Wang, Y. X.; Jing, Xi-Ping] Peking Univ, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wu, M. M.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Wu, M. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jing, XP (reprint author), Peking Univ, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM xpjing@pku.edu.cn RI Wang, Chun-Hai/J-2814-2014 OI Wang, Chun-Hai/0000-0001-5527-199X FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [20821091, 20423005]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce FX We are thankful for financial support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (20821091 and 20423005). We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing facilities used in this work. Thanks are also given to Prof. C.-X. Guo (the Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Controllable Chemical Reactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology) for providing 29Si solid-state NMR measurements. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 3388 EP 3394 DI 10.1039/c2jm13852b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 884HL UT WOS:000299695400019 ER PT S AU Vogl, U Sass, A Weitz, M AF Vogl, Ulrich Sass, Anne Weitz, Martin BE Epstein, RI SheikBahae, M TI Laser Cooling of Dense Rubidium-Noble Gas Mixtures via Collisional Redistribution of Radiation SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids V CY JAN 25-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser cooling; optical refrigeration; collisional redistribution ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; FLUORESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; LIQUIDS; LINE AB We describe experiments on the laser cooling of both helium-rubidium and argon-rubidium gas mixtures by collisional redistribution of radiation. Frequent alkali-noble gas collisions in the ultradense gas, with typically 200 bar of noble buffer gas pressure, shift a highly red detuned optical beam into resonance with a rubidium D-line transition, while spontaneous decay occurs close to the unshifted atomic resonance frequency. The technique allows for the laser cooling of macroscopic ensembles of gas atoms. The use of helium as a buffer gas leads to smaller temperature changes within the gas volume due to the high thermal conductivity of this buffer gas, as compared to the heavier argon noble gas, while the heat transfer within the cell is improved. C1 [Vogl, Ulrich] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD USA. RP Vogl, U (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD USA. EM uvogl@umd.edu RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-918-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8275 AR 827508 DI 10.1117/12.905897 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYT91 UT WOS:000300254800005 ER PT J AU Dattoli, EN Davydov, AV Benkstein, KD AF Dattoli, Eric N. Davydov, Albert V. Benkstein, Kurt D. TI Tin oxide nanowire sensor with integrated temperature and gate control for multi-gas recognition SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; THICK-FILM SENSORS; ELECTRONIC NOSE; SNO2 NANOWIRES; METAL; CATALYSIS; SURFACE; ARRAYS; OXYGEN; NANOSTRUCTURES AB The selectivity of a chemiresistive gas sensor comprising an array of single-crystalline tin oxide nanowires (NWs) is shown to be greatly enhanced by combined temperature and gate voltage modulation. This dual modulation was effected by a novel microsensor platform that consisted of a suspended nitride membrane embedded with independently addressable platinum heater and back-gate structures. The sensor was evaluated in a chemical vapor exposure test consisting of three volatile organic compound (VOC) analytes in an air background; VOC concentrations ranged from 20 mu mol/mol to 80 mu mol/mol. During the exposure test, the temperature and gating conditions of the NW sensor were modulated in order to induce variations in the sensor's analyte response behavior. By treating these temperature-and gate-dependent analyte response variations as an identifying "fingerprint,'' analyte identification was achieved using a statistical pattern recognition procedure, linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Through optimization of this pattern recognition procedure, a VOC recognition rate of 98% was obtained. An analysis of the recognition results revealed that this high recognition rate could only be achieved through the combined modulation of temperature and gate bias as compared to either parameter alone. Overall, the highly accurate VOC analyte discrimination that was achieved here confirms the selectivity benefits provided by the utilized dual modulation approach and demonstrates the suitability of miniature nanowire sensors in real-world, multi-chemical detection problems. C1 [Dattoli, Eric N.; Davydov, Albert V.; Benkstein, Kurt D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dattoli, EN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edattoli1@gmail.com RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU NIST-National Research Council (NRC) FX E.N.D. acknowledges support provided through the NIST-National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associateship Program and valuable assistance from Phil Rogers, Chip Montgomery, Michael Carrier, Steve Semancik, and Sergiy Krylyuk (NIST). NR 60 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1760 EP 1769 DI 10.1039/c2nr11885h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 894NO UT WOS:000300433700057 PM 22297465 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT Douglas, JF AF Cicerone, Marcus T. Douglas, Jack F. TI beta-Relaxation governs protein stability in sugar-glass matrices SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STOKES-EINSTEIN RELATIONSHIP; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; STORAGE STABILITY; SOLID-STATE; LYOPHILIZED FORMULATIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FORMING LIQUIDS; REACTION-RATES AB The stabilizing effect of sugar-glass matrix materials for freeze-drying proteins or nucleic acids has been variously ascribed to the thermodynamic effect of 'water replacement' by sugar molecules or to the kinetic effect of slowed alpha relaxation associated with sugar matrix vitrification. While evidence for each of these hypotheses exists, we show that neither can adequately account for the observed stabilization of proteins embedded in sugar-glasses. Instead, we find firm evidence that protein stability in these glasses is directly linked to high frequency beta relaxation processes of the sugar matrix. Specifically, we observe that when the beta relaxation time, tau(B), of sugar-glasses is increased with antiplasticizing additives, protein stability increases in linear proportion to the increase in tau(B), even though these same additives simultaneously decrease the glass transition temperature, T-g, and the alpha relaxation time, tau(alpha), of the sugar matrix materials. Moreover, we find that while sugars 'replace' water by stabilizing protein native-like conformation in the dry state, the resulting enhanced protein conformational stability does not have a significant impact on the degradation rate of the proteins in sugar-glasses. We discuss implications of these findings for the fundamental physics of glass formation and for effective engineering of protein stabilizing glasses through the modification of tau(B).double dagger C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov; Jack.Douglas@nist.gov FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1] FX We thank David S. Simmons and Hans Frauenfelder for simulating discussion and useful comments. This work was funded in part under NIH/NIBIB Grant R01 EB006398-01A1. NR 88 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 10 BP 2983 EP 2991 DI 10.1039/c2sm06979b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 892XI UT WOS:000300318500025 ER PT J AU Salinas-Prieto, JA Padilla-Hernandez, R Oropeza-Rosales, F Lobato-Sanchez, R AF Antonio Salinas-Prieto, Jose Padilla-Hernandez, Roberto Oropeza-Rosales, Fernando Lobato-Sanchez, Rene TI Operational wind-wave forecasting system SO TECNOLOGIA Y CIENCIAS DEL AGUA LA Spanish DT Article DE coupled models; wind; local and distant wind wave; validation ID MODEL; VALIDATION; SPECTRUM AB A numerical forecast system was implemented (POMA, acronym in Spanish: coupled wind-wave models) with 3 widely-used models: MM5 model, WAM-PROMISE and SWAN. Model validation was based on data from buoys owned by the NDBC (National Data Buoy Center). The nesting process was generated with a coarse grid for the Atlantic tropics (northern hemisphere) where winds 10 meters from the surface level were simulated (with MM5 model). This information was transferred to the global WAM model for deep waters using a down-scaling process based on initial boundary conditions to simulate wind waves in shallow waters. The POMA system was verified using several events; three cases with different wind characteristics are presented in this paper: 1) calm situation, 2) cold front and 3) hurricane. The results are automatically displayed on a restricted WEB page, illustrating two nested grids located in the Mexican coast - the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. The system is able to incorporate new nested grids in sites with local interest. C1 [Antonio Salinas-Prieto, Jose] Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. [Padilla-Hernandez, Roberto] NOAA, EMC, NCEP, MMAB,IMSG,Ahora IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Lobato-Sanchez, Rene] Comis Nacl Agua, Serv Meteorol Nacl, Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Mexico City 11860, DF, Mexico. RP Salinas-Prieto, JA (reprint author), Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Paseo Cuauhnahuac 8532, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. EM jsalinas@tlaloc.imta.mx; roberto.padilla@noaa.gov; foropeza@fugro.com; rene.lobatc@conagua.gob.mx NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MEXICANO TECHNOLOGIAAGUA PI MORELOS PA APARTADO POSTAL 202, MORELOS 62550 CIVAC, MEXICO SN 0187-8336 J9 TECNOL CIENC AGUA JI Tecnol. Cienc. Agua PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 45 EP 67 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 885GE UT WOS:000299765700004 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Liu, Z Rosati, A Delworth, T AF Zhang, S. Liu, Z. Rosati, A. Delworth, T. TI A study of enhancive parameter correction with coupled data assimilation for climate estimation and prediction using a simple coupled model SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Coupled model bias; climate drift; parameter optimization; coupled data assimilation ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SIMULATED RADAR DATA; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; SIMULTANEOUS STATE; ATMOSPHERIC STATE; PART II; SYSTEM; IMPACT; PERFORMANCE; COVARIANCE AB Uncertainties in physical parameters of coupled models are an important source of model bias and adversely impact initialisation for climate prediction. Data assimilation using error covariances derived from model dynamics to extract observational information provides a promising approach to optimise parameter values so as to reduce such bias. However, effective parameter estimation in a coupled model is usually difficult because the error covariance between a parameter and the model state tends to be noisy due to multiple sources of model uncertainties. Using a simple coupled model consisting of the 3-variable Lorenz model and a slowly varying slab 'ocean', this study first investigated how to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in covariances between model states and parameters, and then designed a data assimilation scheme for enhancive parameter correction (DAEPC). In DAEPC, parameter estimation is facilitated after state estimation reaches a 'quasi-equilibrium' where the uncertainty of coupled model states is sufficiently constrained by observations so that the covariance between a parameter and the model state is signal dominant. The observation-updated parameters are applied to improving the next cycle of state estimation and the refined covariance of parameter and model state further improves parameter correction. Performing dynamically adaptive state and parameter estimations with speedy convergence, DAEPC provides a systematic way to estimate the whole array of coupled model parameters using observations, and produces more accurate state estimates. Forecast experiments show that the DAEPC initialisation with observation-estimated parameters greatly improves the model predictability - while valid 'atmospheric' forecasts are extended two times longer, the 'oceanic' predictability is almost tripled. The simple model results here provide some insights for improving climate estimation and prediction with a coupled general circulation model. C1 [Zhang, S.; Rosati, A.; Delworth, T.] Princeton Univ, GFDL NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Liu, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Z.] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmospher Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Shaoqing.Zhang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 FU NSF [0968383] FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Tony Gordon, Andrew Wittenberg and Rym Msadek for their thorough examination and comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Thanks also go to Dr. Issac Held for the discussions that brought authors more thoughts on this topic. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their thorough examination and comments that are very useful for improving the manuscript. This research is supported by the NSF project Grant 0968383. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2012 VL 64 AR 10963 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.10963 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 893ZL UT WOS:000300396400002 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Dennis, CL Mossine, AV Deakyne, CA Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Dennis, Cindi L. Mossine, Andrew V. Deakyne, Carol A. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Exploring the Magnetic Behavior of Nickel-Coordinated Pyrogallol[4]arene Nanocapsules SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE dimeric nickel-seamed nanocapsule; hexameric nickel-seamed nanocapsule; pyrogallol; soild-state magnetic behavior ID CAPSULES; NANOTUBES; COMPLEXES; LIGAND; NI2+ AB The magnetic behavior of nickel-seamed C-propylpyrogallol[4]arene dimeric and hexameric nanocapsular assemblies has been Investigated in the solid state using a SQUID magnetometer. These dimeric and hexameric capsular entities show magnetic differentiation both In terms of moment per nanocapsule and potential antiferromagnetic interactions within individual nanocapsules. The weak antiferromagnefic behavior observed at low temperatures indicates dipolar interactions between neighboring nickel atoms; however, this effect is higher In the hexameric nickel-seamed assembly. The differences in magnetic behavior of dimer versus hexamer can be attributed to different coordination environments and metal arrangements In the two nanocapsular assemblies. C1 [Kumari, Harshita; Mossine, Andrew V.; Deakyne, Carol A.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dennis, Cindi L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM AtwoodJ@missouri.edu FU NSF [DMR-0944772]; National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) FX We thank NSF for support of this research (J.L.A.). This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). It utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 (C.L.D.). The use of specific trade names does not imply endorsement of products or companies by NIST, but they are used to fully describe the experimental procedures. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 272 EP 275 DI 10.1021/nn203540e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 879YH UT WOS:000299368300035 PM 22148724 ER PT J AU Harris, JM Iyer, GRS Bernhardt, AK Huh, JY Hudson, SD Fagan, JA Hobbie, EK AF Harris, John M. Iyer, Ganjigunte R. Swathi Bernhardt, Anna K. Huh, Ji Yeon Hudson, Steven D. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Hobbie, Erik K. TI Electronic Durability of Flexible Transparent Films from Type-Specific Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE single-wall carbon nanotubes; metallic; semiconducting; flexible transparent electronics ID THIN-FILMS; PERCOLATION; NETWORKS; COMPOSITES; LENGTH; CONDUCTIVITY; SEPARATION; MECHANICS; POLYMER AB The coupling between mechanical flexibility and electronic performance is evaluated for thin films of metallic and semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) deposited on compliant supports. Percolated networks of type-purified SWCNTs are assembled as thin conducting coatings on elastic polymer substrates, and the sheet resistance is measured as a function of compression and cyclic strain through impedance spectroscopy. The wrinkling topography, microstructure and transparency of the films are independently characterized using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and optical absorption spectroscopy. Thin films made from metallic SWCNTs show better durability as flexible transparent conductive coatings, which we attribute to a combination of superior mechanical performance and higher interfacial conductivity. C1 [Harris, John M.; Iyer, Ganjigunte R. Swathi; Bernhardt, Anna K.; Hobbie, Erik K.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Coatings & Polymer Mat, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Huh, Ji Yeon; Hudson, Steven D.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Coatings & Polymer Mat, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM erik.hobbie@ndsu.edu RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU NSF [CMMI-0969155]; DOE [DE-FG36-08GO88160] FX We thank Jan Obrzut, Chris Stafford, Jun Chung, Benjamin Forsythe, Steven Ruckdashel, Matthew Mumm, and Abby Mattson for assistance. E.K.H. acknowledges the support of the NSF through CMMI-0969155 (J.M.H.) and the DOE through DE-FG36-08GO88160 (G.R.S.I.). NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 881 EP 887 DI 10.1021/nn204383t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 879YH UT WOS:000299368300104 PM 22148890 ER PT J AU Telg, H Duque, JG Staiger, M Tu, XM Hennrich, F Kappes, MM Zheng, M Maultzsch, J Thomsen, C Doorn, SK AF Telg, Hagen Duque, Juan G. Staiger, Matthias Tu, Xiaomin Hennrich, Frank Kappes, Manfred M. Zheng, Ming Maultzsch, Janina Thomsen, Christian Doorn, Stephen K. TI Chiral Index Dependence of the G(+) and G(-) Raman Modes in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE single-wall carbon nanotubes; Raman spectroscopy; G mode; LO/TO phonons; diameter determination; (n,m) assignment ID SINGLE-WALL; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; SYMMETRY; GRAPHITE AB Raman spectroscopy on the radial breathing mode Is a common tool to determine the diameter d or chiral indices (n,m) of single-wall carbon nanotubes. In this work we present an alternative technique to determine d and (n,m) based on the high-energy G(-) mode. From resonant Raman scattering experiments on 14 highly purified single chirality (n,m) samples we obtain the diameter, chiral angle, and family dependence of the G(-) and G(+) peak position. Considering theoretical predictions we discuss the origin of these dependences with respect to rehybridization of the carbon orbitals, confinement, and electron-electron interactions. The relative Raman intensities of the two peaks have a systematic chiral angle dependence in agreement with theories considering the symmetry of nanotubes and the associated phonons. C1 [Telg, Hagen; Duque, Juan G.; Doorn, Stephen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Staiger, Matthias; Maultzsch, Janina; Thomsen, Christian] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hennrich, Frank; Kappes, Manfred M.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Duque, Juan G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Phys Chem & Appl Spect C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Telg, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hagen@lanl.gov; skdoorn@lanl.gov RI Thomsen, Christian/E-2295-2012; Telg, Hagen/O-3348-2013; Thomsen, Christian/B-5014-2015; Maultzsch, Janina/A-4781-2017 OI Telg, Hagen/0000-0002-4911-2703; Thomsen, Christian/0000-0001-6057-1401; FU U.S. Department of Energy; NSF [CMS-060950]; European Research Council, ERC [259286]; DFG; Helmholtz Association FX H.T, J.G.D., and S.K.D. acknowledge support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL-LDRD program. X.T. and M.Z. acknowledge the support of NSF Grant CMS-060950. J.M. acknowledges support from the European Research Council, ERC grant no. 259286. F.H. and M.K. acknowledge support by the DFG-funded Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) and by the Helmholtz Association. This work was performed in part at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, user facility. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 904 EP 911 DI 10.1021/nn2044356 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 879YH UT WOS:000299368300107 PM 22175270 ER PT J AU Weissman, A Petrov, M Gupta, SK Fiorentini, X Sudarsan, R Sriram, R AF Weissman, Alexander Petrov, Martin Gupta, Satyandra K. Fiorentini, Xenia Sudarsan, Rachuri Sriram, Ram TI A computational framework for authoring and searching product design specifications (vol 25, pg 516, 2011) SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Weissman, Alexander; Petrov, Martin; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fiorentini, Xenia; Sudarsan, Rachuri; Sriram, Ram] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM skgupta@eng.umd.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 156 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2011.10.003 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 889JZ UT WOS:000300071300016 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Mossine, AV Kline, SR Dennis, CL Fowler, DA Teat, SJ Barnes, CL Deakyne, CA Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Mossine, Andrew V. Kline, Steven R. Dennis, Cindi L. Fowler, Drew A. Teat, Simon J. Barnes, Charles L. Deakyne, Carol A. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Controlling the Self-Assembly of Metal-Seamed Organic Nanocapsules SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE molecular capsules; pyrogallol[4]arenes; small-angle neutron scattering; supramolecular chemistry ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING C1 [Kumari, Harshita; Mossine, Andrew V.; Fowler, Drew A.; Barnes, Charles L.; Deakyne, Carol A.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dennis, Cindi L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Deakyne, CA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM deakynec@missouri.edu; atwoodj@missouri.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, CHE1012998] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 (S.R.K.) and CHE1012998 (J.L.A.). The use of specific trade names does not imply endorsement of products or companies by NIST but are used to fully describe the experimental procedures. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1452 EP 1454 DI 10.1002/anie.201107182 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 884VG UT WOS:000299736300031 PM 22294358 ER PT J AU Dupont, R Pierce, B Worden, J Hair, J Fenn, M Hamer, P Natarajan, M Schaack, T Lenzen, A Apel, E Dibb, J Diskin, G Huey, G Weinheimer, A Kondo, Y Knapp, D AF Dupont, R. Pierce, B. Worden, J. Hair, J. Fenn, M. Hamer, P. Natarajan, M. Schaack, T. Lenzen, A. Apel, E. Dibb, J. Diskin, G. Huey, G. Weinheimer, A. Kondo, Y. Knapp, D. TI Attribution and evolution of ozone from Asian wild fires using satellite and aircraft measurements during the ARCTAS campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; FIELD EXPERIMENT; ZONAL STRUCTURE AB We use ozone and carbon monoxide measurements from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), model estimates of Ozone, CO, and ozone pre-cursors from the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS), and data from the NASA DC8 aircraft to characterize the source and dynamical evolution of ozone and CO in Asian wildfire plumes during the spring ARCTAS campaign 2008. On the 19 April, NASA DC8 O-3 and aerosol Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) observed two biomass burning plumes originating from North-Western Asia (Kazakhstan) and South-Eastern Asia (Thailand) that advected eastward over the Pacific reaching North America in 10 to 12 days. Using both TES observations and RAQMS chemical analyses, we track the wildfire plumes from their source to the ARCTAS DC8 platform. In addition to photochemical production due to ozone pre-cursors, we find that exchange between the stratosphere and the troposphere is a major factor influencing O-3 concentrations for both plumes. For example, the Kazakhstan and Siberian plumes at 55 degrees North is a region of significant springtime stratospheric/tropospheric exchange. Stratospheric air influences the Thailand plume after it is lofted to high altitudes via the Himalayas. Using comparisons of the model to the aircraft and satellite measurements, we estimate that the Kazakhstan plume is responsible for increases of O-3 and CO mixing ratios by approximately 6.4 ppbv and 38 ppbv in the lower troposphere (height of 2 to 6 km), and the Thailand plume is responsible for increases of O-3 and CO mixing ratios of approximately 11 ppbv and 71 ppbv in the upper troposphere (height of 8 to 12 km) respectively. However, there are significant sources of uncertainty in these estimates that point to the need for future improvements in both model and satellite observations. For example, it is challenging to characterize the fraction of air parcels from the stratosphere versus those from the fire because of the low sensitivity of the TES CO estimates used to mark stratospheric air versus air parcels affected by the smoke plume. Model transport uncertainties, such as too much dispersion, results in a broad plume structure from the Kazakhstan fires that is approximately 2 km lower than the plume observed by aircraft. Consequently, the model and TES data do not capture the photochemical production of ozone in the Kazakhstan plume that is apparent in the aircraft in situ data. However, ozone and CO distributions from TES and RAQMS model estimates of the Thailand plume are within the uncertainties of the TES data. Therefore, the RAQMS model is better able to characterize the emissions from this fire, the mixing of ozone from the stratosphere to the plume, and the photochemical production and transport of ozone and ozone pre-cursors as the plume moves across the Pacific. C1 [Dupont, R.; Worden, J.; Hamer, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Pierce, B.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Madison, WI USA. [Hair, J.; Natarajan, M.; Diskin, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fenn, M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Schaack, T.; Lenzen, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Apel, E.; Weinheimer, A.; Knapp, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire EOS, Durham, NH USA. [Huey, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kondo, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. RP Dupont, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM richard.dupont@live.fr RI Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 FU NASA [NAG: NNX08AD29G] FX HCN measurements were obtained from the Caltech Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer and were made available by P. O. Wennberg, J. C. Crounse and A. Kurten. Support for Caltech from NASA (NAG: NNX08AD29G) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 104 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 169 EP 188 DI 10.5194/acp-12-169-2012 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892XZ UT WOS:000300320200008 ER PT J AU Stevens, RG Pierce, JR Brock, CA Reed, MK Crawford, JH Holloway, JS Ryerson, TB Huey, LG Nowak, JB AF Stevens, R. G. Pierce, J. R. Brock, C. A. Reed, M. K. Crawford, J. H. Holloway, J. S. Ryerson, T. B. Huey, L. G. Nowak, J. B. TI Nucleation and growth of sulfate aerosol in coal-fired power plant plumes: sensitivity to background aerosol and meteorology SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SULFURIC-ACID; ATMOSPHERIC NUCLEATION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CCN CONCENTRATIONS; UNITED-STATES; MEXICO-CITY; MODEL; UNCERTAINTIES; MICROPHYSICS AB New-particle formation in the plumes of coal-fired power plants and other anthropogenic sulfur sources may be an important source of particles in the atmosphere. It remains unclear, however, how best to reproduce this formation in global and regional aerosol models with grid-box lengths that are 10s of kilometers and larger. The predictive power of these models is thus limited by the resultant uncertainties in aerosol size distributions. In this paper, we focus on sub-grid sulfate aerosol processes within coal-fired power plant plumes: the sub-grid oxidation of SO2 with condensation of H2SO4 onto newly-formed and pre-existing particles. We have developed a modeling framework with aerosol microphysics in the System for Atmospheric Modelling (SAM), a Large-Eddy Simulation/Cloud-Resolving Model (LES/CRM). The model is evaluated against aircraft observations of new-particle formation in two different power-plant plumes and reproduces the major features of the observations. We show how the downwind plume aerosols can be greatly modified by both meteorological and background aerosol conditions. In general, new-particle formation and growth is greatly reduced during polluted conditions due to the large pre-existing aerosol surface area for H2SO4 condensation and particle coagulation. The new-particle formation and growth rates are also a strong function of the amount of sunlight and NOx since both control OH concentrations. The results of this study highlight the importance for improved sub-grid particle formation schemes in regional and global aerosol models. C1 [Stevens, R. G.; Pierce, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Brock, C. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Ryerson, T. B.; Nowak, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Reed, M. K.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Crawford, J. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stevens, RG (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM robin.stevens@dal.ca RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Pierce, Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Stevens, Robin/D-1341-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Pierce, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Stevens, Robin/0000-0002-8737-6988; FU Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) FX This research was funded by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). We would like to thank Marat Khairoutdinov of the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, for access to and help with the System for Atmospheric Modeling. NCEP Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 189 EP 206 DI 10.5194/acp-12-189-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892XZ UT WOS:000300320200009 ER PT J AU Wespes, C Emmons, L Edwards, DP Hannigan, J Hurtmans, D Saunois, M Coheur, PF Clerbaux, C Coffey, MT Batchelor, RL Lindenmaier, R Strong, K Weinheimer, AJ Nowak, JB Ryerson, TB Crounse, JD Wennberg, PO AF Wespes, C. Emmons, L. Edwards, D. P. Hannigan, J. Hurtmans, D. Saunois, M. Coheur, P. -F. Clerbaux, C. Coffey, M. T. Batchelor, R. L. Lindenmaier, R. Strong, K. Weinheimer, A. J. Nowak, J. B. Ryerson, T. B. Crounse, J. D. Wennberg, P. O. TI Analysis of ozone and nitric acid in spring and summer Arctic pollution using aircraft, ground-based, satellite observations and MOZART-4 model: source attribution and partitioning SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; WESTERN PACIFIC; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AIR-QUALITY; INTEGRATED ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; EMISSIONS AB In this paper, we analyze tropospheric O-3 together with HNO3 during the POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport) program, combining observations and model results. Aircraft observations from the NASA ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) and NOAA ARCPAC (Aerosol, Radiation and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate) campaigns during spring and summer of 2008 are used together with the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) to assist in the interpretation of the observations in terms of the source attribution and transport of O-3 and HNO3 into the Arctic (north of 60 degrees N). The MOZART-4 simulations reproduce the aircraft observations generally well (within 15%), but some discrepancies in the model are identified and discussed. The observed correlation of O3 with HNO3 is exploited to evaluate the MOZART-4 model performance for different air mass types (fresh plumes, free troposphere and stratospheric-contaminated air masses). Based on model simulations of O-3 and HNO3 tagged by source type and region, we find that the anthropogenic pollution from the Northern Hemisphere is the dominant source of O-3 and HNO3 in the Arctic at pressures greater than 400 hPa, and that the stratospheric influence is the principal contribution at pressures less 400 hPa. During the summer, intense Russian fire emissions contribute some amount to the tropospheric columns of both gases over the American sector of the Arctic. North American fire emissions (California and Canada) also show an important impact on tropospheric ozone in the Arctic boundary layer. Additional analysis of tropospheric O-3 measurements from ground-based FTIR and from the IASI satellite sounder made at the Eureka (Canada) and Thule (Greenland) polar sites during POLARCAT has been performed using the tagged contributions. It demonstrates the capability of these instruments for observing pollution at northern high latitudes. Differences between contributions from the sources to the tropospheric columns as measured by FTIR and IASI are discussed in terms of vertical sensitivity associated with these instruments. The first analysis of O-3 tropospheric columns observed by the IASI satellite instrument over the Arctic is also provided. Despite its limited vertical sensitivity in the lowermost atmospheric layers, we demonstrate that IASI is capable of detecting low-altitude pollution transported into the Arctic with some limitations. C1 [Wespes, C.; Emmons, L.; Edwards, D. P.; Hannigan, J.; Saunois, M.; Coffey, M. T.; Batchelor, R. L.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hurtmans, D.; Coheur, P. -F.; Clerbaux, C.] Univ Libre Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 6, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Lindenmaier, R.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Nowak, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wespes, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM wespes@ucar.edu RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; FU National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08AD22G, NNX08AD29G, NNX07AL57G]; NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Danish Meteorological Institute at the Thule site; Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canadian Space Agency; Environment Canada; Government of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Innovation Trust; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Ontario Research Fund; F.R.S.-FNRS (M. I. S) [nF.4511.08]; Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements); 'Actions de Recherche Concertees' (Communaute Francaise de Belgique); CNES FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation program at Thule, GR is supported under contract by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work is also supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). We wish to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule site. The PEARL Bruker 125HR measurements at Eureka were made by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), led by James R. Drummond, and in part by the Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaigns, led by Kaley A. Walker. They were supported by the Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Canadian Space Agency, Environment Canada, Government of Canada International Polar Year funding, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Northern Scientific Training Program, Ontario Innovation Trust, Polar Continental Shelf Program, and Ontario Research Fund. The authors wish to thank PEARL site manager Pierre F. Fogal, the CANDAC operators, and the staff at Environment Canada's Eureka weather station for logistical and on-site support. IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). It is flown onboard the Metop satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. The IASI L1 data are received through the EUMETCast near real time data distribution service. P. F. Coheur is Research Associate (Chercheur Qualifie) with F.R.S.-FNRS. The research in Belgium was funded by the F.R.S.-FNRS (M. I. S. nF.4511.08), the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs and the European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements). Financial support by the 'Actions de Recherche Concertees' (Communaute Francaise de Belgique) is also acknowledged. The research in France is supported by CNES. This research has been supported by NASA's Tropospheric Chemistry Program (ARCTAS) under grant NNX08AD22G, NNX08AD29G, and NNX07AL57G. NR 79 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 237 EP 259 DI 10.5194/acp-12-237-2012 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892XZ UT WOS:000300320200012 ER PT J AU Lauvaux, T Schuh, AE Uliasz, M Richardson, S Miles, N Andrews, AE Sweeney, C Diaz, LI Martins, D Shepson, PB Davis, KJ AF Lauvaux, T. Schuh, A. E. Uliasz, M. Richardson, S. Miles, N. Andrews, A. E. Sweeney, C. Diaz, L. I. Martins, D. Shepson, P. B. Davis, K. J. TI Constraining the CO2 budget of the corn belt: exploring uncertainties from the assumptions in a mesoscale inverse system SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODELS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; SYNTHETIC DATA; PART 1; SINKS; LAND; SENSITIVITY; CONTINENT; AIRBORNE AB We performed an atmospheric inversion of the CO2 fluxes over Iowa and the surrounding states, from June to December 2007, at 20 km resolution and weekly timescale. Eight concentration towers were used to constrain the carbon balance in a 1000x1000 km(2) domain in this agricultural region of the US upper midwest. The CO2 concentrations of the boundaries derived from CarbonTracker were adjusted to match direct observations from aircraft profiles around the domain. The regional carbon balance ends up with a sink of 183 Tg C +/- 35 Tg C over the area for the period June-December, 2007. Potential bias from incorrect boundary conditions of about 0.55 ppm over the 7 months was corrected using mixing ratios from four different aircraft profile sites operated at a weekly time scale, acting as an additional source of uncertainty of 24 Tg C. We used two different prior flux estimates, the SiBCrop model and the inverse flux product from the CarbonTracker system. We show that inverse flux estimates using both priors converge to similar posterior estimates (20 Tg C difference), in our reference inversion, but some spatial structures from the prior fluxes remain in the posterior fluxes, revealing the importance of the prior flux resolution and distribution despite the large amount of atmospheric data available. The retrieved fluxes were compared to eddy flux towers in the corn and grassland areas, revealing an improvement in the seasonal cycles between the two compared to the prior fluxes, despite large absolute differences due to representation errors. The uncertainty of 34 Tg C (or 34 g C m(2)) was derived from the posterior uncertainty obtained with our reference inversion of about 25 to 30 Tg C and from sensitivity tests of the assumptions made in the inverse system, for a mean carbon balance over the region of -183 Tg C, slightly weaker than the reference. Because of the potential large bias (similar to 24 Tg C in this case) due to choice of background conditions, proportional to the surface but not to the regional flux, this methodology seems limited to regions with a large signal (sink or source), unless additional observations can be used to constrain the boundary inflow. C1 [Lauvaux, T.; Richardson, S.; Miles, N.; Diaz, L. I.; Martins, D.; Davis, K. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Inversity Pk, PA USA. [Schuh, A. E.] NREL, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Shepson, P. B.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Andrews, A. E.; Sweeney, C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO USA. [Schuh, A. E.; Uliasz, M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lauvaux, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Inversity Pk, PA USA. EM lauvaux@meteo.psu.edu RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; OI Lauvaux, Thomas/0000-0002-7697-742X FU NOAA/ESRL division; CarbonTracker products; Office of Science (BER) US Department of Energy; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration; US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Global Programs FX We thank Andy Jacobson from NOAA/ESRL division for discussions and support with CarbonTracker products, Arlyn Andrews from NOAA/ESRL division for data support and management for the West Branch tall tower, Colm Sweeney and Gabrielle Petron from NOAA/ESRL division for data from the aircraft program, Tim Griffis from University of Minnesota for his comments and the eddy-covariance flux data from Rosemount, Shashi Verma and Andrew Suyker from University of Nebraska-Lincoln for eddy-covariance flux data from Mead, Tilden Meyers from NOAA/ARL division for eddy-covariance flux data from Brookings and Bondville, and Roser Matamala from Argonne National Laboratory for eddy-covariance flux data from Fermi. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER) US Department of Energy, Terrestrial Carbon Program, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Terrestrial Ecology Program, and the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Global Programs, Global Carbon Cycle program. NR 60 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 337 EP 354 DI 10.5194/acp-12-337-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892XZ UT WOS:000300320200018 ER PT J AU Hossaini, R Chipperfield, MP Feng, W Breider, TJ Atlas, E Montzka, SA Miller, BR Moore, F Elkins, J AF Hossaini, R. Chipperfield, M. P. Feng, W. Breider, T. J. Atlas, E. Montzka, S. A. Miller, B. R. Moore, F. Elkins, J. TI The contribution of natural and anthropogenic very short-lived species to stratospheric bromine SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; TRACER TRANSPORT; DEEP CONVECTION; BR-Y; VALIDATION; SUBSTANCES; BROMOFORM; SCHEMES; TROPICS AB We have used a global three-dimensional chemical transport model to quantify the impact of the very short-lived substances (VSLS) CHBr3, CH2Br2, CHBr2Cl, CHBrCl2, CH2BrCl and C2H5Br on the bromine budget of the stratosphere. Atmospheric observations of these gases allow constraints on surface mixing ratios that, when incorporated into our model, contribute similar to 4.9-5.2 parts per trillion (ppt) of inorganic bromine (Br-y) to the stratosphere. Of this total, similar to 76% comes from naturally-emitted CHBr3 and CH2Br2. The remaining species individually contribute modest amounts. However, their accumulated total accounts for up to similar to 1.2 ppt of the supply and thus should not be ignored. We have compared modelled tropical profiles of a range of VSLS with observations from the recent 2009 NSF HIPPO-1 aircraft campaign. Modelled profiles agree reasonably well with observations from the surface to the lower tropical tropopause layer. We have also considered the poorly studied anthropogenic VSLS, C2H5Br, CH2BrCH2Br, n-C3H7Br and i-C3H7Br. We find the local atmospheric lifetime of these species in the tropical tropopause layer are similar to 183, 603, 39 and 49 days, respectively. These species, particularly C2H5Br and CH2BrCH2Br, would thus be important carriers of bromine to the stratosphere if emissions were to increase substantially. Our model shows similar to 70-73% and similar to 80-85% of bromine from these species in the tropical boundary layer can reach the lower stratosphere. C1 [Hossaini, R.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Feng, W.; Breider, T. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Breider, T. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Montzka, S. A.; Miller, B. R.; Moore, F.; Elkins, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hossaini, R (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM r.hossaini@see.leeds.ac.uk RI Hossaini, Ryan/I-5217-2012; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Hossaini, Ryan/F-7134-2015; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; OI Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU UK NERC; EU SHIVA [SHIVA-226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1]; NERC; NCAS; NSF; University of California (San Diego); UCAR; Uni. Colorado/CIRES; Uni. Miami; NCAR; NOAA/ESRL; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NASA FX This work was supported by the UK NERC and the EU SHIVA project (SHIVA-226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1). RH thanks NERC for a studentship. WF is part funded by NCAS. We thank S. Wofsy as head PI for HIPPO, C. Sweeney for assistance in NOAA/ESRL flask sampling during HIPPO and at RTA, and B. Hall for calibration standards. Data from the HIPPO Program was supported by NSF grants to Harvard University, University of California (San Diego), UCAR, Uni. Colorado/CIRES, Uni. Miami and by NCAR. Participation by NOAA/ESRL station data and airborne instruments, and weather forecasting, were supported in part by the NSF through its Atmospheric Chemistry Program to CIRES, NOAA/ESRL through its Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and NASA through its Upper Atmosphere Research and Radiation Sciences Programs. EA acknowledges the contributions of R. Lueb, R. Hendershot, X. Zhu, and L. Pope to the sampling and analysis of HIPPO samples. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.5194/acp-12-371-2012 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892XZ UT WOS:000300320200020 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Cohan, DS Pinder, RW Neuman, JA Holloway, JS Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Nowak, JB Flocke, F Zheng, WG AF Zhou, W. Cohan, D. S. Pinder, R. W. Neuman, J. A. Holloway, J. S. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Nowak, J. B. Flocke, F. Zheng, W. G. TI Observation and modeling of the evolution of Texas power plant plumes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; PART I; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; URBAN; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; NOX; DISTRIBUTIONS AB During the second Texas Air Quality Study 2006 (TexAQS II), a full range of pollutants was measured by aircraft in eastern Texas during successive transects of power plant plumes (PPPs). A regional photochemical model is applied to simulate the physical and chemical evolution of the plumes. The observations reveal that SO2 and NOy were rapidly removed from PPPs on a cloudy day but not on the cloud-free days, indicating efficient aqueous processing of these compounds in clouds. The model reasonably represents observed NOx oxidation and PAN formation in the plumes, but fails to capture the rapid loss of SO2 (0.37 h(-1)) and NOy (0.24 h(-1)) in some plumes on the cloudy day. Adjustments to the cloud liquid water content (QC) and the default metal concentrations in the cloud module could explain some of the SO2 loss. However, NOy in the model was insensitive to QC. These findings highlight cloud processing as a major challenge to atmospheric models. Model-based estimates of ozone production efficiency (OPE) in PPPs are 20-50% lower than observation-based estimates for the cloudy day. C1 [Zhou, W.; Cohan, D. S.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Pinder, R. W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Nowak, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Flocke, F.; Zheng, W. G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM zhouwei@rice.edu RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; zhou, wei/E-9807-2011 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; FU Shell Center for Sustainability at Rice University; National Science Foundation [087386] FX The work of W. Zhou and D. S. Cohan was funded by the Shell Center for Sustainability at Rice University and National Science Foundation CAREER Award Grant 087386. We thank Robert Griffin at Rice University for helpful discussions on data analyses. We thank Ken Aikin and Harald Stark in the NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division for help in using meteorological and photolysis data. Although this article has been reviewed by the US EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPA policies or views. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 455 EP 468 DI 10.5194/acp-12-455-2012 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892XZ UT WOS:000300320200025 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Kim, SH Halasyamani, PS Green, MA Bhatti, KP Leighton, C Das, H Fennie, CJ AF Kim, Sun Woo Kim, Sang-Hwan Halasyamani, P. Shiv Green, Mark A. Bhatti, Kanwal Preet Leighton, C. Das, Hena Fennie, Craig J. TI RbFe2+Fe3+F6: Synthesis, structure, and characterization of a new charge-ordered magnetically frustrated pyrochlore-related mixed-metal fluoride SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; NH4FEIIFEIIIF6; MOSSBAUER; BEHAVIOR; SPECTRA; OXIDE; FE; NI AB A new charge-ordered magnetically frustrated mixed-metal fluoride with a pyrochlore-related structure has been synthesized and characterized. The material, RbFe2F6 (RbFe2+Fe3+F6) was synthesized through mild hydrothermal conditions. The material exhibits a three-dimensional pyrochlore-related structure consisting of corner-shared Fe2+F6 and Fe3+F6 octahedra. In addition to single-crystal diffraction data, neutron powder diffraction and magnetometry measurements were carried out. Magnetic data clearly reveal strong antiferromagnetic interactions (a Curie-Weiss temperature of -270 K) but sufficient frustration to prevent ordering until 16 K. No structural phase transformation is detected from the variable-temperature neutron diffraction data. Infrared, UV-vis, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis measurements were also performed. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations were also done. Crystal data: RbFe2F6, orthorhombic, space group Pnma (no. 62), a = 7.0177(6), b = 7.4499(6), c = 10.1765(8) angstrom, V = 532.04(8) angstrom(3), Z = 4. C1 [Kim, Sun Woo; Kim, Sang-Hwan; Halasyamani, P. Shiv] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhatti, Kanwal Preet; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Das, Hena; Fennie, Craig J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Halasyamani, PS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, 136 Fleming Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM psh@uh.edu; mark.green@nist.gov; Leighton@umn.edu; fennie@cornell.edu RI Kim, Sun Woo/F-7113-2011; Halasyamani, P. Shiv/A-8620-2009; Halasyamani, Shiv/J-3438-2014 OI Kim, Sun Woo/0000-0003-1057-2283; Halasyamani, Shiv/0000-0003-1787-1040 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0005032]; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46275] FX Work at UH and Cornell supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award # DE-SC0005032. Work at UMN supported by DOE Award #DE-FG02-06ER46275 (magnetic measurements). NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 741 EP 751 DI 10.1039/c2sc00765g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 887SH UT WOS:000299949500011 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Frame, ER Kendrick, PS AF Lefebvre, Kathi A. Frame, Elizabeth R. Kendrick, Preston S. TI Domoic acid and fish behavior: A review SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Behavioral toxicity; Domoic acid; Fish; Harmful algal bloom; LD50; Oral exposure ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; SEA LIONS; SHELLFISH; EXPOSURE; ZEBRAFISH; RECEPTORS; MORTALITY; MICE; EXPRESSION AB This paper provides a summary of the "state of knowledge" regarding behavioral impacts of domoic acid exposure on fish. Initial studies by authors of this paper suggested that fish are behaviorally impacted by domoic acid in the same way that birds and mammals are impacted during toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. However, subsequent research and field observations have contradicted that hypothesis and provide evidence that fish are more tolerant to domoic acid under ecologically relevant exposure conditions than their piscivorous predators. This is an important distinction as more attention has been drawn to domoic acid producing algal blooms and the potential for domoic acid to cause fish kills. Currently available data indicate that domoic acid producing algal blooms do not cause fish kills or neuroexcitotoxic behaviors in fish. Neuroexcitatory behavioral effects have been documented in fish in laboratory studies when fish were intraceolomically (IC) injected with domoic acid. In fact, with IC injection as the mode of exposure all fish, bird, and mammal species tested to date show a similar neurologic sensitivity to domoic acid in terms of behavioral excitotoxicity as quantified by a 50% effective concentration (EC50) metric. However, IC injection is not an ecologically relevant mode of exposure. Dietary consumption during toxic blooms is the route of exposure for fish. Results from oral exposure experiments and observations from multiple highly toxic bloom events have provided strong evidence that fish are not behaviorally affected by domoic acid during natural bloom conditions, even though fish regularly contain high levels of the toxin and act as vectors to seabirds and marine mammals. Collectively, the data presented in this review suggest that fish are not significantly impacted by domoic acid during typical toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Frame, Elizabeth R.; Kendrick, Preston S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, WARRN W & Biomed Diagnost Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, WARRN W & Biomed Diagnost Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2012 VL 13 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.09.011 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 890GH UT WOS:000300132600016 ER PT J AU Yong, B Ren, LL Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Chen, X Zhang, YJ Yang, XL Zhang, ZX Wang, WG AF Yong, Bin Ren, Li-Liang Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Chen, Xi Zhang, You-Jing Yang, Xiao-Li Zhang, Zeng-Xin Wang, Wei-Guang TI A novel multiple flow direction algorithm for computing the topographic wetness index SO HYDROLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flow partition; hydrological model; multiple flow direction algorithm; topographic wetness index ID ENERGY-BALANCE; TOPMODEL; MODEL; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS; CATCHMENTS; PATHS; WATER AB The topographic wetness index (TNI), frequently used in approximately characterizing the spatial distribution of soil moisture and surface saturation within a watershed, has been widely applied in topography-related geographical processes and hydrological models. However, it is still questionable whether the current algorithms of TWI can adequately model the spatial distribution of topographic characteristics. Based upon the widely-used multiple flow direction approach (MFD), a novel MFD algorithm (NMFD) is proposed for improving the TWI derivation using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in this study. Compared with MFD, NMFD improves the mathematical equations of the contributing area and more precisely calculates the effective contour length. Additionally, a varying exponent strategy is adopted to dynamically determine the downslope flow-partition exponent. Finally, a flow-direction tracking method is employed to address grid cells in flat terrain. The NMFD algorithm is first applied to a catchment located upstream of the Hanjiang River in China to demonstrate its accuracy and improvements. Then NMFD is quantitatively evaluated by using four types of artificial mathematical surfaces. The results indicate that the error generated by NMFD is generally lower than that computed by MFD, and NMFD is able to more accurately represent the hydrological similarity of watersheds. C1 [Yong, Bin; Ren, Li-Liang; Chen, Xi; Yang, Xiao-Li; Zhang, Zeng-Xin; Wang, Wei-Guang] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yong, Bin; Zhang, You-Jing] Hohai Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yong, Bin] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn S, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Ren, LL (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM rll@hhu.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU National Key Basic Research Program of China [2006CB400502]; National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China [40901017]; Ministry of Education and State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China [B08048]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science [2008B039]; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [2009586512]; Chinese Ministry of Education [308012, IRT0717]; 111 Project FX This research was funded by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2006CB400502) and the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (40901017). This work was also financially supported by the 111 Project, Ministry of Education and State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China (B08048), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the open study funds of State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science (2008B039) and the Independent Innovation Project of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (2009586512). The authors also acknowledge the partial support granted by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (308012) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, Chinese Ministry of Education (IRT0717). We extend our appreciation to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions on an earlier version of this paper. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1998-9563 J9 HYDROL RES JI Hydrol. Res. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.2166/nh.2011.115 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 887DB UT WOS:000299905000014 ER PT J AU Coddington, I Giorgetta, FR Baumann, E Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Coddington, Ian Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Baumann, Esther Swann, William C. Newbury, Nathan R. TI Characterizing Fast Arbitrary CW Waveforms With 1500 THz/s Instantaneous Chirps SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Frequency combs; laser tuning; metrology ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIZER; DUAL-COMB SPECTROSCOPY; ABSOLUTE MODE NUMBER; FREE-INDUCTION DECAY; FIBER-LASER; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; NOBEL LECTURE; RANGE; GENERATOR; PRECISE AB The instantaneous frequency of a rapidly tuned continuous-wave (CW) laser is measured through linear optical sampling against dual-frequency combs. This dual-comb interferometer determines the instantaneous frequency of the CW laser during a quasi-sinewave frequency sweep of 3 THz amplitude with a 10 ms period. More complicated waveforms are also measured with instantaneous chirps exceeding 1500 THz/s (12 000 nm/s). The uncertainty is 1.5MHz at 20 ns time resolution, averaging down to 5 kHz at 5 mu s time resolution. The absolute frequency accuracy can be calibrated to within 2.5 kHz provided there is a brief period (<1ms) of low laser chirp (<160 GHz/s) during the waveform measurement to allow for a dual-comb Vernier measurement of the absolute frequency, modulo 3 THz. This approach allows for the characterization of arbitrary CW waveforms with instantaneous frequencies that change rapidly and over wide optical bandwidth. C1 [Coddington, Ian; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Baumann, Esther; Swann, William C.; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ian@boulder.nist.gov; fabrizio@nist.gov; baumann@boulder.nist.gov; swann@boulder.nist.gov; nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PBNEP2-127797] FX The work of F. R. Giorgetta was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under Grant PBNEP2-127797. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 228 EP 238 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2114875 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 887ND UT WOS:000299933700025 ER PT J AU Cundiff, ST Bristow, AD Siemens, M Li, HB Moody, G Karaiskaj, D Dai, XC Zhang, TH AF Cundiff, Steven T. Bristow, Alan D. Siemens, Mark Li, Hebin Moody, Galan Karaiskaj, Denis Dai, Xingcan Zhang, Tianhao TI Optical 2-D Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of Excitons in Semiconductor Nanostructures SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Semiconductor nanostructures; spectroscopy; ultrafast optics ID 2-DIMENSIONAL INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; 4-WAVE-MIXING LINE-SHAPES; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON-ECHOES; BAND-EDGE; EXCITATION; PHASE AB Optical 2-D Fourier transform spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying resonant light-matter interactions, determining the transition structure and monitoring dynamics of optically created excitations. The ability to separate homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening is one important capability. In this paper, we discuss the use of this technique to study excitonic transitions in semiconductor nanostructures. In quantum wells, the effects of structural disorder is observed as inhomogeneous broadening of the exciton resonances. In quantum dots, the temperature dependence of the homogeneous width gives insight into the nature of the dephasing processes. C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.; Bristow, Alan D.; Siemens, Mark; Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Karaiskaj, Denis; Dai, Xingcan] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.; Bristow, Alan D.; Siemens, Mark; Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Karaiskaj, Denis; Dai, Xingcan; Zhang, Tianhao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.; Moody, Galan] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu; alan.bristow@mail.wvu.edu; msiemens@du.edu; hebin.li@jila.colorado.edu; galan.moody@colorado.edu; karaiskaj@usf.edu; XingcanDai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; TZhang@uamail.albany.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council FX The authors thank R. P. Mirin, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-Boulder, for providing the quantum-well samples, D. Gammon and A. S. Bracker, National Research Laboratory (NRL), for providing the natural quantum dot sample and P. Thomas, T. Meier, and S. Mukamel for discussions. This work was funded by the the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences. M. E. Siemens acknowledges funding from the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellows program. NR 71 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 318 EP 328 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2123876 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 887ND UT WOS:000299933700033 ER PT J AU Fair, PA Stavros, HC Mollenhauer, MAM DeWitt, JC Henry, N Kannan, K Yun, SH Bossart, GD Keil, DE Peden-Adams, MM AF Fair, Patricia A. Stavros, Hui-Chen Mollenhauer, Meagan A. M. DeWitt, Jamie C. Henry, Natasha Kannan, Kurunthachalam Yun, Se Hun Bossart, Gregory D. Keil, Deborah E. Peden-Adams, Margie M. TI Immune function in female B6C3F1 mice is modulated by DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polybrominated diphenyl ether; PBDE; DE-71; immune; hematology; splenic CD4+/CD8+cells; serum clinical chemistry; thyroid hormone; histology ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; BETA T-CELLS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; OFFSPRING MICE; UNITED-STATES; PBDE MIXTURE; NEW-YORK; EXPOSURE; SERUM AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are an important class of flame-retardants that are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative. Toxicity of these compounds has become a concern because detectable levels of PBDEs are present in humans and wildlife and they are structurally similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This study examined the effects of the commercial penta-BDE mixture, DE-71, in adult female B6C3F1 mice on hematology, serum clinical chemistry, thyroid hormones, tissue histology, and several immunotoxicity end-points (lymphocyte proliferation, NK cell activity, splenic immunophenotypes, and SRBC-specific-IgM production). Mice were exposed via oral gavage for 28 days to achieve total administered doses (TAD) of 0, 0.5, 5, 50, or 100 mg/kg. No changes in histology, clinical chemistry, body or organ weights were observed. Serum total T3 and T4 levels were not altered by any of the DE-71 treatments. Peripheral blood monocyte numbers were decreased by the 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg treatments, but not by the 100 mg/kg TAD concentration. Compared to controls, mitogen-stimulated T-and B-cell proliferation was increased by the 100 mg/kg TAD concentration (ED50 = 60 mg/kg TAD [2.14 mg/kg/day] and 58 mg/kg TAD [2.57 mg/kg/day], respectively). NK cell activity was decreased compared to controls by the 100 mg/kg TAD concentration (ED50 = 20 mg/kg TAD [0.7 mg/kg/day]). No alterations were noted in thymic T-cell populations or in SRBC-specific-IgM production. Numbers of CD19(+)CD21, CD19(+)CD21(+), CD4(+)CD8, CD4 CD8(+), CD4 CD8, and MHC-II+ cells in the spleen were not affected. However, the numbers of splenic CD4(+)CD8(+) cells were decreased compared to the controls by 0.5, 5, and 100 mg/kg TAD. This study provides an assessment of the systemic toxicity and immunotoxicity of DE-71, and indicates that immune parameters are modulated at exposure concentrations lower than previously reported. C1 [Fair, Patricia A.; Stavros, Hui-Chen; Henry, Natasha] NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Stavros, Hui-Chen] O2Si Smart Solut, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. [Mollenhauer, Meagan A. M.; Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [DeWitt, Jamie C.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Yun, Se Hun] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Yun, Se Hun] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Keil, Deborah E.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Ocean Service/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research FX The authors report no conflicts of interest. The project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Ocean Service/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 29 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.3109/1547691X.2011.643418 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 887CF UT WOS:000299902300011 PM 22214215 ER PT J AU Fair, PA Houde, M Hulsey, TC Bossart, GD Adams, J Balthis, L Muir, DCG AF Fair, Patricia A. Houde, Magali Hulsey, Thomas C. Bossart, Gregory D. Adams, Jeff Balthis, Len Muir, Derek C. G. TI Assessment of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in plasma of bottlenose dolphins from two southeast US estuarine areas: Relationship with age, sex and geographic locations SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs); PFOS; PFOA; Bottlenose dolphins; Tursiops truncatus ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; ADULT-BLOOD DONORS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PERFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; MARINE MAMMALS; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ACIDS; FLUOROCHEMICALS; EXPOSURE AB Plasma PFCs were measured in 157 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) sampled from two US southeast Atlantic sites (Charleston (CHS), SC and Indian River Lagoon (IRL), FL) during 2003-2005. Sigma PFCs, perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (Sigma PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (Sigma PFSAs) and individual compounds were significantly higher in CHS dolphins for all age/sex categories compared to IRL dolphins. Highest Sigma PFCs concentrations occurred in CHS juvenile dolphins (2340 ng/g w.w.); significantly higher than found in adults (1570 ng/g w.w. males; 1330 ng/g w.w. females). Sigma PFCAs were much greater in CHS dolphins (similar to 21%) compared to IRL dolphins (similar to 7%); Sigma PFSAs were 79% in CHS dolphins versus 93% in IRL dolphins. PFOS, the dominant compound, averaged 72% and 84%, respectively, in CHS and IRL dolphins. Decreasing PFC levels occurred with age on the bioaccumulation of PFCs in both sites. These observations suggest PFC accumulation in these two dolphin populations are influenced by site-specific exposures with significantly higher levels in CHS dolphins. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fair, Patricia A.; Balthis, Len] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Houde, Magali] Environm Canada, Ctr St Lauremt, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. [Hulsey, Thomas C.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Nw Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Adams, Jeff] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund FX We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to Dr. Forrest Townsend, Mr. Larry Hansen, Mr. Eric Zolman, Mr. Steve McCulloch, Mr. Larry Fulford, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help made the health assessment studies possible. We thank Mr. Wayne McFee for age analysis and Ms. Myla Ebling and Mr. Adam Schaefer for statistical support. We also thank Drs. Henry, Fire and Meaburn for manuscript review. This study was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Permit No. 998-1678, issued to Gregory Bossart, V.M.D., Ph.D., and supported through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program and the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.022 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 888CJ UT WOS:000299981100023 PM 22118898 ER PT J AU Smith, DH Gillett, G de Almeida, MP Branciard, C Fedrizzi, A Weinhold, TJ Lita, A Calkins, B Gerrits, T Wiseman, HM Nam, SW White, AG AF Smith, Devin H. Gillett, Geoff de Almeida, Marcelo P. Branciard, Cyril Fedrizzi, Alessandro Weinhold, Till J. Lita, Adriana Calkins, Brice Gerrits, Thomas Wiseman, Howard M. Nam, Sae Woo White, Andrew G. TI Conclusive quantum steering with superconducting transition-edge sensors SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SITUATION; BELLS-INEQUALITY; VIOLATION; MECHANICS; ENTANGLEMENT; PHOTONS; STATES; FIBER AB Quantum steering allows two parties to verify shared entanglement even if one measurement device is untrusted. A conclusive demonstration of steering through the violation of a steering inequality is of considerable fundamental interest and opens up applications in quantum communication. To date, all experimental tests with single-photon states have relied on post selection, allowing untrusted devices to cheat by hiding unfavourable events in losses. Here we close this 'detection loophole' by combining a highly efficient source of entangled photon pairs with superconducting transition-edge sensors. We achieve an unprecedented similar to 62% conditional detection efficiency of entangled photons and violate a steering inequality with the minimal number of measurement settings by 48 s.d.s. Our results provide a clear path to practical applications of steering and to a photonic loophole-free Bell test. C1 [Smith, Devin H.; Gillett, Geoff; de Almeida, Marcelo P.; Fedrizzi, Alessandro; Weinhold, Till J.; White, Andrew G.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Smith, Devin H.; Gillett, Geoff; de Almeida, Marcelo P.; Fedrizzi, Alessandro; Weinhold, Till J.; White, Andrew G.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Australian Res Council, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Smith, Devin H.; Gillett, Geoff; de Almeida, Marcelo P.; Branciard, Cyril; Fedrizzi, Alessandro; Weinhold, Till J.; White, Andrew G.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Lita, Adriana; Calkins, Brice; Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wiseman, Howard M.] Griffith Univ, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Australian Res Council, Ctr Quantum Dynam, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM smith@physics.uq.edu.au RI Fedrizzi, Alessandro/E-2888-2010; Gillett, Geoffrey/A-2342-2010; Branciard, Cyril/A-6964-2012; Wiseman, Howard/A-7266-2008; Weinhold, Till/A-9023-2013; de Almeida, Marcelo/E-6084-2013; White, Andrew/A-1088-2009 OI Fedrizzi, Alessandro/0000-0002-5089-3148; Gillett, Geoffrey/0000-0002-4933-4621; Branciard, Cyril/0000-0001-9460-825X; Wiseman, Howard/0000-0001-6815-854X; de Almeida, Marcelo/0000-0001-8791-4486; White, Andrew/0000-0001-9639-5200 FU ARC; IARPA funded US Army Research Office; Australian Research Council Centres of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems [CE110001013]; Quantum Computation and Communication Technology [CE110001027]; NIST Quantum Information Initiative FX We thank M. A. Broome for assistance with the experimental preparations. We acknowledge financial support from the ARC Discovery and Federation Fellow programs and an IARPA-funded US Army Research Office contract. This research was conducted by the Australian Research Council Centres of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (Project number CE110001013) and Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Project number CE110001027). The NIST contribution was supported by the NIST Quantum Information Initiative, and is a work of the US Government and as such this article is not subject to US Copyright. NR 37 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 AR 625 DI 10.1038/ncomms1628 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 887IV UT WOS:000299921000023 PM 22233635 ER PT J AU Bhandavat, R Kuhn, W Mansfield, E Lehman, J Singh, G AF Bhandavat, R. Kuhn, W. Mansfield, E. Lehman, J. Singh, G. TI Synthesis of Polymer-Derived Ceramic Si(B)CN-Carbon Nanotube Composite by Microwave-Induced Interfacial Polarization SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE microwave; polymer-derived ceramic; Si(B)CN; carbon nanotubes ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SILICON-CARBIDE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; PURIFICATION; ABSORPTION AB We demonstrate synthesis of a polymer-derived ceramic (PDC)-multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite using microwave irradiation at 2.45 GHz. The process takes about 10 min of microwave irradiation for the polymer-to-ceramic conversion. The successful conversion of polymer coated carbon nanotubes to ceramic composite is chemically ascertained by Fourier transform-infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and physically by thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy characterization. Frequency dependent dielectric measurements in the S-Band (300 MHz to 3 GHz) were studied to quantify the extent of microwave-CNT interaction and the degree of selective heating available at the MWCNT-polymer interface. Experimentally obtained return loss of the incident microwaves in the specimen explains the reason for heat generation. The temperature-dependent permittivity of polar molecules further strengthens the argument of internal heat generation. C1 [Bhandavat, R.; Singh, G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kuhn, W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Mansfield, E.; Lehman, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gurpreet@ksu.edu RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012; Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966; FU National Science Foundation [EPS-0903806]; State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation FX This research is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant EPS-0903806 and the State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation. We thank the following people for equipment usage and training: Dr. Jerry Hunter for XPS data, Myles Ikenberry and Yen Ting Kuo for the FTIR and TGA. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification implies neither recommendation nor endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1021/am201358s PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 880LV UT WOS:000299409500003 PM 22141448 ER PT J AU Rinella, DJ Wipfli, MS Stricker, CA Heintz, RA Rinella, MJ AF Rinella, Daniel J. Wipfli, Mark S. Stricker, Craig A. Heintz, Ron A. Rinella, Matthew J. TI Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) runs and consumer fitness: growth and energy storage in stream-dwelling salmonids increase with salmon spawner density SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; FRESH-WATER; FOOD WEBS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; MARINE SUBSIDIES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; KISUTCH AB We examined how marine-derived nutrients (MDN), in the form of spawning Pacific salmon, influenced the nutritional status and delta N-15 of stream-dwelling fishes. We sampled juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) during spring and fall from 11 south-central Alaskan streams that ranged widely in spawning salmon biomass (0.1-4.7 kg.m(-2)). Growth rate (as indexed by RNA-DNA ratios), energy density, and delta N-15 enrichment in spring-sampled fishes increased with spawner biomass, indicating the persistence of spawner effects more than 6 months after salmon spawning. Point estimates suggest that spawner effects on nutrition were substantially greater for coho salmon than Dolly Varden (268% and 175% greater for growth and energy, respectively), indicating that both species benefitted physiologically, but that juvenile coho salmon accrued more benefits than Dolly Varden. Although the data were less conclusive for fall-than spring-sampled fish, they do suggest spawner effects were also generally positive during fall, soon after salmon spawned. In a follow-up analysis where growth rate and energy density were modeled as a function of delta N-15 enrichment, results suggested that both increased with MDN assimilation, especially in juvenile coho salmon. Our results support the importance of salmon runs to the nutritional ecology of stream-dwelling fishes. C1 [Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Heintz, Ron A.] Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Rinella, Matthew J.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Rinella, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, 3211 Providence Dr,Beatrice McDonald Hall, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rinella@uaa.alaska.edu FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council; University of Alaska Anchorage's Environment and Natural Resources Institute FX Thanks go to the Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring program (Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council) for funding this project. Coowe Walker, Steve Baird, and Megan Murphy with the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve gave invaluable help in the field. Thanks also go to Ted Otis, David Westerman, Mike Booz, and Jeff Breakfield for help with Alaska Department of Fish and Game spawner counts and to Cayce Gulbransen for performing the isotope analyses. Advice from Hal Geiger and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The US Forest Service Forest Health and the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve provided laboratory and bunkhouse space in Cooper Landing and Homer, respectively. Finally, thanks are extended to the University of Alaska Anchorage's Environment and Natural Resources Institute for supplemental funding during analysis and writing. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1139/F2011-133 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 885PE UT WOS:000299790400006 ER PT J AU Mancia, A Spyropoulos, DD McFee, WE Newton, DA Baatz, JE AF Mancia, Annalaura Spyropoulos, Demetri D. McFee, Wayne E. Newton, Danforth A. Baatz, John E. TI Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of primary cell types from lung tissue of a stranded pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marine mammal; Pygmy sperm whale; Cryopreservation; Lung; Cell culture ID SP-B; BIOREPOSITORY; ATLANTIC AB Current models for in vitro studies of tissue function and physiology, including responses to hypoxia or environmental toxins, are limited and rely heavily on standard 2-dimensional (2-D) cultures with immortalized murine or human cell lines. To develop a new more powerful model system, we have pursued methods to establish and expand cultures of primary lung cell types and reconstituted tissues from marine mammals. What little is known about the physiology of the deep-sea diving pygmy sperm whale (PSW), Kogia breviceps, comes primarily from stranding events that occur along the coast of the southeastern United States. Thus, development of a method for preserving live tissues and retrieving live cells from deceased stranded individuals was initiated. This report documents successful cryopreservation of PSW lung tissue. We established in vitro cultures of primary lung cell types from tissue fragments that had been cryopreserved several months earlier at the stranding event. Dissociation of cryopreserved lung tissues readily provides a variety of primary cell types that, to varying degrees, can be expanded and further studied/manipulated in cell culture. In addition, PSW-specific molecular markers have been developed that permitted the monitoring of fibroblast, alveolar type II, and vascular endothelial cell types. Reconstitution of 3-D cultures of lung tissues with these cell types is now underway. This novel system may facilitate the development of rare or disease-specific lung tissue models (e.g., to test causes of PSW stranding events and lead to improved treatments for pulmonary hypertension or reperfusion injury in humans). Also, the establishment of a "living" tissue bank biorepository for rare/endangered species could serve multiple purposes as surrogates for freshly isolated samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mancia, Annalaura; Spyropoulos, Demetri D.; Baatz, John E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mancia, Annalaura; Newton, Danforth A.; Baatz, John E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Spyropoulos, Demetri D.] Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [McFee, Wayne E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Baatz, JE (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM baatzje@musc.edu RI mancia, annalaura/F-9706-2013; OI mancia, annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530; Baatz, John/0000-0001-5870-1000 FU National Institutes of Health [HL085738] FX The authors would like to thank Deirdre Myroslawa Soloshchenko for technical assistance in genotypic analyses and maintenance of the mouse colony, and D. Walker for technical assistance with the counting of cells and maintenance of records. This work was conducted with support from the National Institutes of Health, Grant Number HL085738. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 155 IS 1 SI SI BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.04.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 869DC UT WOS:000298574900018 ER PT J AU Faber-Hammond, J Phillips, RB Park, LK AF Faber-Hammond, J. Phillips, R. B. Park, L. K. TI The Sockeye Salmon Neo-Y Chromosome Is a Fusion between Linkage Groups Orthologous to the Coho Y Chromosome and the Long Arm of Rainbow Trout Chromosome 2 SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Evolution; Neo-Y; Sex chromosomes; Sockeye salmon ID MULTIPLE SEX-CHROMOSOMES; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DROSOPHILA-MIRANDA; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; FISHES; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; DEGENERATION AB Unlike other Pacific salmon, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) have an X1X2Y sex chromosome system, with females having a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 58 and males 2n = 57 in all populations examined. To determine the origin of the sockeye Y chromosome, we mapped microsatellite loci from the rainbow trout (O. mykiss; OMY) genetic map, including those found on the Y chromosomes of related species, in kokanee (i.e. non-anadromous sockeye) crosses. Results showed that 3 microsatellite loci from the long arm of rainbow trout chromosome 8 (OMY8q), linked to SEX (the sex-determining locus) in coho salmon (O. kisutch), are also closely linked to SEX in the kokanee crosses. We also found that 3 microsatellite loci from OMY2q are linked to those markers from OMY8q and SEX in kokanee, with both linkage groups fused to form the neo-Y. These results were confirmed by physical mapping of BAC clones containing microsatellite loci from OMY8q and OMY2q to kokanee chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The fusion of OMY2q to the ancestral Y may have resolved sexual conflict and, in turn, may have played a large role in the divergence of sockeye from a shared ancestor with coho. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Faber-Hammond, J.; Phillips, R. B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Phillips, R. B.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Park, L. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Biol Sci VELS 215,14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM phillipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2012 VL 136 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1159/000334583 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 886QG UT WOS:000299868300009 PM 22188666 ER PT J AU Anitescu, G Bruno, TJ AF Anitescu, George Bruno, Thomas J. TI Liquid Biofuels: Fluid Properties to Optimize Feedstock Selection, Processing, Refining/Blending, Storage/Transportation, and Combustion SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Sino-Australian Symposium on Advanced Coal and Biomass Utilisation Technologies CY DEC 09-11, 2011 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; DISTILLATION CURVE METHOD; COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES; LOW-TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION; INJECTION DIESEL-ENGINE; ALCOHOL-GASOLINE BLENDS; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; SUPERCRITICAL METHANOL; HIGH-PRESSURE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AB As the availability of petroleum-based liquid fuels is becoming increasingly problematic, alternative renewable biofuels attract growing research and development (R&D) and industry interest. The focus is to produce fuels with desired properties in both technically and economically attractive ways to support sustainability and protect the environment. While abundant, the variety of biomass feedstocks brings a great deal of incompatibility of various biofuels and the combustion engines. A consistent theme is that better knowledge of fuel properties would lead to better designs and shorter development times of everything from fuel production facilities to emission control systems. Thermophysical properties of biofuels are required to efficiently design the processes involved in their production, distribution, and utilization. These properties are also needed to develop and validate physicochemical models, the tools employed in process design, product development, or academic research. To date, the connection between the expertise in fluid properties and an integrating knowledge of where and how these properties are employed has not been adequately developed. Accordingly, the main goal of this review is to unite and set out the potential for synergy between all of the essential steps of fuel production and applications (from feedstock selection to the end use) with the properties of the fuel at each step. An integrating approach on a broad scale is helpful for the increasing number of fuel researchers, process engineers, entrepreneurs, and end users. This review discusses the main driving forces that are likely to encourage further development and move the emerging biofuel technologies from promising ideas to competitive solutions. C1 [Anitescu, George; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI 李, 涵/B-4995-2012 NR 212 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 324 EP 348 DI 10.1021/ef201392s PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 882SE UT WOS:000299583400037 ER PT J AU Marengo, JA Liebmann, B Grimm, AM Misra, V Dias, PLS Cavalcanti, IFA Carvalho, LMV Berbery, EH Ambrizzi, T Vera, CS Saulo, AC Nogues-Paegle, J Zipser, E Seth, A Alves, LM AF Marengo, J. A. Liebmann, B. Grimm, A. M. Misra, V. Silva Dias, P. L. Cavalcanti, I. F. A. Carvalho, L. M. V. Berbery, E. H. Ambrizzi, T. Vera, C. S. Saulo, A. C. Nogues-Paegle, J. Zipser, E. Seth, A. Alves, L. M. TI Recent developments on the South American monsoon system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE South American monsoon; climate change; climate variability ID ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; LOW-LEVEL JET; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LA-PLATA BASIN; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON BASIN; FUTURE CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER MONSOON AB This paper reviews recent progress made in our understanding of the functioning and variability of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) on time scales varying from synoptic to long-term variability and climate change. The SAMS contains one of the most prominent summertime climate patterns in South America, featuring a strong seasonal variability in a region lying between the Amazon and the La Plata Basin. Much of the recent progress is derived from complementary international programs, such as the Monsoon Experiment South America (MESA), as well as from ongoing international programs such as the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon Basin (LBA) and the La Plata Basin (LPB) Regional Hydroclimate Project, which includes the CLARIS LPB Europe-South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies in La Plata Basin Project. The latter assesses atmosphere-land surface interactions, the role of land use changes and aerosols from biomass burning considered as sources of variability and change in the SAMS functioning, characteristics and behaviour. The SAMS region is particularly susceptible to variations of climate due to the importance of hydroelectricity generation and the agricultural base of local economies. Also addressed in this report are projections of climate change and extremes, which are important for impact and vulnerability assessments. This discussion includes the need to identify and understand important processes that control the monsoonal climate, how these processes may vary and change, and how they may interact with key societal sectors, including water resource management, hydroelectric generation, agriculture, and agribusiness. This paper reports on the major contributions of MESA to the knowledge of characteristics, functioning and variability of the SAMS, and is based on recent studies and publications, and can be considered as an update of a previous review by C. S. Vera et al. (2006a). Copyright. 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Marengo, J. A.] CCST INPE, BR-12630000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Liebmann, B.] CIRES NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Grimm, A. M.] Univ Fed Parana, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Misra, V.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Silva Dias, P. L.; Ambrizzi, T.; Alves, L. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cavalcanti, I. F. A.] CPTEC INPE, BR-12630000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Carvalho, L. M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Berbery, E. H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vera, C. S.; Saulo, A. C.] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, CIMA FCEyN, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Nogues-Paegle, J.; Zipser, E.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Seth, A.] Univ Connecticut, Hartford, CT 06112 USA. RP Marengo, JA (reprint author), CCST INPE, Rodovia Dutra Km 40, BR-12630000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM jose.marengo@inpe.br RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012; Marengo, Jose /J-9382-2012; Ambrizzi, Tercio/A-4636-2008; Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010; Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/H-1183-2016 OI Marengo, Jose /0000-0002-8154-2762; Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345; Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/0000-0002-4051-2962 FU NOAA [ANA07OAR4310221]; CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technologic Development); European Community [212492] FX We would like to thank the National Institute of Science and Technology-Climate Change (INCT-Mudan, cas Climaticas) from the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology MCT, the UK Global Opportunity Fund-GOF Dangerous Climate Change (DCC) project. This work was partially supported by NOAA Grant ANA07OAR4310221. I. Cavalcanti, A. M. Grimm. T. Ambrizzi, and J. A. Marengo have received funding from CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technologic Development), and from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/20072013) under Grant Agreement No. 212492 (CLARIS LPB-A Europe-South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies in La Plata Basin). Additional thanks go to Ms. Meredith Field and Kathy Fearon of COAPS, FSU for her editorial assistance with this manuscript. All authors are members of the MESA Science Working Group. NR 153 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1002/joc.2254 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871JJ UT WOS:000298733800001 ER PT J AU Diky, V Chirico, RD Muzny, CD Kazakov, AF Kroenlein, K Magee, JW Abdulagatov, I Kang, JW Frenkel, M AF Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Muzny, Chris D. Kazakov, Andrei F. Kroenlein, Kenneth Magee, Joseph W. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin Kang, Jeong Won Frenkel, Michael TI ThermoData Engine (TDE) Software Implementation of the Dynamic Data Evaluation Concept. 7. Ternary Mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC CONSISTENCY; DATA COMPILATIONS; SYSTEMS; CYCLOHEXANE; PARAMETERS; METHANOL; QUALITY; DEMAND AB TherrnoData Engine (TDE) is the first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept, as reported in this journal. The present paper describes the first application of this concept to the evaluation of thermophysical properties for ternary chemical systems. The method involves construction of Redlich-Kister type equations for individual properties (excess volume, thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, and excess enthalpy) and activity coefficient models for phase equilibrium properties (vapor liquid and liquid liquid equilibrium). Constructed ternary models are based on those for the three pure component and three binary subsystems evaluated on demand through the TDE software algorithms. All models are described in detail, and extensions to the class structure of the program are provided. Reliable evaluation of properties for the binary subsystems is essential for successful property evaluations for ternary systems, and algorithms are described to aid appropriate parameter selection and fitting for the implemented activity coefficient models (NRTL, Wilson, Van Laar, Redlich-Kister, and UNIQUAC). Two activity coefficient models based on group contributions (original UNIFAC and NIST-KT-UNIFAC) are also implemented. Novel features of the user interface are shown, and directions for future enhancements are outlined. C1 [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Magee, Joseph W.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kang, Jeong Won] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov RI Kang, Jeongwon/F-7010-2013; Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Kang, Jeongwon/0000-0002-5161-1122; Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 1 BP 260 EP 276 DI 10.1021/ci200456w PG 17 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 879SD UT WOS:000299351600025 PM 22107452 ER PT J AU Gallatin, GM AF Gallatin, Gregg M. TI Fourier, Gauss, Fraunhofer, Porod and the shape from moments problem SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BOUNDARY PRINCIPLE; FIELD-THEORIES; RECONSTRUCTION; INTENSITIES; PLANE AB We show how the Fourier transform of a shape in any number of dimensions can be simplified using Gauss's law and evaluated explicitly for polygons in two dimensions, polyhedra in three dimensions, etc. We also show how this combination of Fourier and Gauss can be related to numerous classical problems in physics and mathematics. Examples include Fraunhofer diffraction patterns, Porod's law, the shape from moments problem, and Davis's extension of the Motzkin-Schoenberg formula to polygons in the complex plane. [doi:10.1063/1.3676310] C1 NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gallatin, GM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregg.gallatin@nist.gov RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 AR 013509 DI 10.1063/1.3676310 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 885QP UT WOS:000299794500035 ER PT J AU Buijsman, MC Uchiyama, Y McWilliams, JC Hill-Lindsay, CR AF Buijsman, M. C. Uchiyama, Y. McWilliams, J. C. Hill-Lindsay, C. R. TI Modeling Semidiurnal Internal Tide Variability in the Southern California Bight SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SANTA-MONICA BASIN; OCEANIC MODEL; WAVES; RIDGE; TOPOGRAPHY; ENERGETICS; CURRENTS; SHELF; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION AB The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) is applied in a nested configuration with realistic forcing to the Southern California Bight (SCB) to analyze the variability in semidiurnal internal wave generation and propagation. The SCB has a complex topography with supercritical slopes that generate linear internal waves at the forcing frequency. The model predicts the observed barotropic and baroclinic tides reasonably well, although the observed baroclinic tides feature slightly larger amplitudes. The strongest semidiurnal barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion occurs on a steep sill slope of the 1900-m-deep Santa Cruz Basin. This causes a forced, near-resonant, semidiurnal Poincare wave that rotates clockwise in the basin and is of the first mode along the radial, azimuthal, and vertical directions. The associated tidal-mean, depth-integrated energy fluxes and isotherm oscillation amplitudes in the basin reach maximum values of about 5 kW m(-1) and 100 m and are strongly modulated by the spring-neap cycle. Most energy is locally dissipated, and only 10% escapes the basin. The baroclinic energy in the remaining basins is orders of magnitudes smaller. High-resolution coastal models are important in locating overlooked mixing hotspots such as the Santa Cruz Basin. These mixing hotspots may be important for ocean mixing and the overturning circulation. C1 [Buijsman, M. C.; Uchiyama, Y.; McWilliams, J. C.; Hill-Lindsay, C. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Buijsman, MC (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM buijsman@princeton.edu RI Uchiyama, Yusuke/M-4395-2016; Totsukawa, Nobuhisa/D-2028-2017 NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 62 EP 77 DI 10.1175/2011JPO4597.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 882SK UT WOS:000299584000004 ER PT J AU Insley, SJ Holt, MM AF Insley, Stephen J. Holt, Marla M. TI Do male northern elephant seals recognize individuals or merely relative dominance rank? SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Vocal recognition was tested in a socially dynamic context where many individuals interact: the female defense polygyny practiced by male northern elephant seals. The goal was to tease apart whether animals recognize other individuals or instead use a simple rule-based category (i.e., relative dominance rank). A total of 67 playback experiments conducted with 18 males at Ano Nuevo State Reserve, California, tested three aspects of recognition: (1) recognition of relative rank; (2) whether such recognition was continuous or categorical; and (3) recognition of familiarity. Results indicate that males recognize familiar individuals although responses are primarily based on relative dominance rank. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Insley, Stephen J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Insley, Stephen J.; Holt, Marla M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Holt, Marla M.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Seabird Ecol Team, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Insley, SJ (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Stn CSC, POB 3020, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. EM sinsley@uvic.ca; marla.holt@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-04-1-0284] FX Thank you to Elizabeth Atwood, Michelle Hanenburg, Sandrine Hazen, David Kastak, and Brandon Southall for their assistance in the field and lab, and to Daniel Costa, Daniel Crocker, Dave Casper, Patricia Morris, Colleen Reichmuth, Sue Reynoldson, and Gary Strachan and the other park rangers at the Ano Nuevo State Reserve for logistical support. Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-04-1-0284 to SJI). Data were collected under a cooperative research use agreement between Ano Nuevo State Reserve and the University of California, Santa Cruz. This investigation was conducted under U.S. Marine Mammal Permit No. 87-1743-00 of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Resources. All protocols of this investigation were approved by the University of California, Santa Cruz Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (the Chancellor's Animal Research Committee, CARC protocol code Insl04.02). NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP EL35 EP EL41 DI 10.1121/1.3665259 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 876TN UT WOS:000299130700006 PM 22280727 ER PT J AU Craig, JK AF Craig, J. Kevin TI Aggregation on the edge: effects of hypoxia avoidance on the spatial distribution of brown shrimp and demersal fishes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; Spatial statistics; Avoidance behavior; Bycatch; Catchability; Fishery interactions; Dead zone; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; Mississippi River plume ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WEAKFISH CYNOSCION-REGALIS; ESTUARY-DEPENDENT FISHES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; HABITAT COMPRESSION; QUANTILE REGRESSION; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; TROPHIC DYNAMICS AB The northwestern Gulf of Mexico shelf experiences the largest seasonal hypoxic (dissolved oxygen, DO <= 2.0 mg l(-1)) zone in the western hemisphere. This study uses bottom trawl and hydrographic surveys over 3 yr to quantify low DO avoidance thresholds, patterns of aggregation in nearby oxygenated refuge habitats, and spatial overlap of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and several finfishes on the nearshore Louisiana shelf. On average, DO avoidance thresholds were low (1 to 3 mg l(-1)) and near incipient lethal levels for similar species, suggesting organisms avoid the lowest, lethal DO levels on the shelf. Avoidance thresholds varied both within and among years, indicating that behavioral responses to low DO are context-dependent and vary in relation to the severity of hypoxia and possibly other factors. Despite the absence of physical barriers to movement, evading organisms aggregated at short distances (1 to 3 km) just beyond the margins of the hypoxic zone, indicating that sublethal and indirect effects of hypoxia are probably most intense within a relatively narrow region along the hypoxic edge. DO avoidance thresholds and patterns of aggregation were similar between brown shrimp, the primary target of the commercial shrimp trawl fishery, and several juvenile and small adult finfishes that comprise most of the bycatch. In addition, spatial overlap between brown shrimp and finfishes was highest in the years when hypoxia was most severe, and this effect was stronger for benthic fishes than for pelagic fishes. These results suggest the potential for enhanced harvest and bycatch interactions along the margins of the hypoxic zone as an indirect effect of hypoxia-induced shifts in spatial patterns. Such spatially mediated indirect effects are an important means by which hypoxia influences mobile species in the Gulf. C1 [Craig, J. Kevin] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. RP Craig, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kevin.craig@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA05NOS4781197, NA03NOS4780040] FX I thank the crew of the RV 'Tommy Munro', the RV 'Longhorn' and numerous technicians and volunteers for help in conducting the research cruises, in particular P. Gillikin, S. Keller, M. Sheba, and Z. Tait. T. Henwood, B. Pellegrin, and S. Nichols of the National Marine Fisheries Service Pascagoula Laboratory provided valuable advice and use of trawl gear. I thank L. Crowder and the Duke University Marine Lab for support throughout this project and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Financial support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award # NA05NOS4781197 and # NA03NOS4780040. This is NGOMEX publication number 163. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 95 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 97 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 445 BP 75 EP 95 DI 10.3354/meps09437 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 880DE UT WOS:000299384100007 ER PT J AU Call, KA Ream, RR AF Call, Katherine A. Ream, Rolf R. TI Prey selection of subadult male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and evidence of dietary niche overlap with adult females during the breeding season SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE northern fur seal; Callorhinus ursinus; niche overlap; Bering Sea; pinnipeds; foraging behavior ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; EASTERN BERING SEA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; FORAGING HABITATS; MARINE MAMMALS; NEW-ZEALAND; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; SITE FIDELITY; BODY-SIZE AB During the breeding season northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) congregate on the Pribilof Islands in large numbers creating the potential for intraspecific competition. Due to the declining trend in the Pribilof Islands population of fur seals, it is important to understand how prey resources are partitioned among the population. Fur seals exhibit a high degree of sexual dimorphism resulting in energetic differences among age and sex classes. Therefore, we hypothesized that subadult male and adult female fur seals would differ in the type and size of prey consumed. We examined the diets of subadult male (age 28; mean mass 28176 kg) and adult female (age = 3 yr; mean mass 1350 kg) seals on St. Paul Island from 1992 to 2000. Prey remains found in fecal samples were compared using niche overlap indices. There was nearly complete dietary niche overlap between subadult male and adult female fur seals. Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), Pacific herring (Clupeia pallasi), and cephalopods were common prey items found in the diets of both groups. We found differences in the size of pollock consumed and that geographic location of sample collection may be important in determining diet differences. Our results indicate high levels of dietary overlap among subadult male and adult female fur seals. C1 [Call, Katherine A.; Ream, Rolf R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Call, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kate.call@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00463.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 869HH UT WOS:000298588300006 ER PT J AU Pitman, RL Durban, JW AF Pitman, Robert L. Durban, John W. TI Cooperative hunting behavior, prey selectivity and prey handling by pack ice killer whales (Orcinus orca), type B, in Antarctic Peninsula waters SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; hunting behavior; killer whale; Leptonychotes weddellii; Orcinus orca; prey handling; prey specialization; Weddell seal ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BALEEN WHALES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MARINE MAMMALS; WEDDELL SEALS; ROSS SEA; POPULATIONS; PREDATION AB Currently, there are three recognized ecotypes (or species) of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Antarctic waters, including type B, a putative prey specialist on seals, which we refer to as pack ice killer whale (PI killer whale). During January 2009, we spent a total of 75.4 h observing three different groups of PI killer whales hunting off the western Antarctic Peninsula. Observed prey taken included 16 seals and 1 Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis). Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) were taken almost exclusively (14/15 identified seal kills), despite the fact that they represented only 15% of 365 seals identified on ice floes; the whales entirely avoided taking crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga; 82% relative abundance) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx; 3%). Of the seals killed, the whales took 12/14 (86%) off ice floes using a cooperative wave-washing behavior; they produced 120 waves during 22 separate attacks and successfully took 12/16 (75%) of the Weddell seals attacked. The mean number of waves produced per successful attack was 4.1 (range 110) and the mean attack duration was 30.4 min (range 1562). Seal remains that we examined from one of the kills provided evidence of meticulous postmortem prey processing perhaps best termed butchering. C1 [Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pitman, RL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM robert.pitman@noaa.gov FU National Geographic Society FX J. Poncet and D. Poncet helped with shipboard operations and BBC personnel on the Frozen Planet film crew-D. Alan, D. Anderson, and K. Jeffs-allowed us to work on the boat with them during their filming; all were generous with their time and enthusiasm for our project. Satellite tags were purchased from a grant by the National Geographic Society. We thank C. Pierpoint and J. Frizell of Greenpeace International for sharing their descriptions and video, respectively, of the McMurdo wave-wash event. O. Carlsson, J. Drennan, A. Friedlaender, J. Poncet, and T. Pusser provided details about their killer whale observations from the Peninsula area; Y. Ivashchenko translated Soviet papers for us, and H. Fearnbach provided field assistance. We had informative discussions about seal biology and identification with D. Siniff, B. Stewart, I. Stirling, and T. Smith and our paper was improved by the comments of R. Baird, L. Ballance, W. F. Perrin, D. Siniff, and two anonymous reviewers. K. Robertson at the Marine Mammal Genetics Laboratory at Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, genetically confirmed the identification of two of our seal tissue samples. All research was conducted under ACA Permit No. 2009-013M#1, and MMPA No. 774-1714-08 issued to NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 21 U2 230 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 16 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00453.x PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 869HH UT WOS:000298588300007 ER PT J AU Viricel, A Rosel, PE AF Viricel, A. Rosel, P. E. TI Evaluating the utility of cox1 for cetacean species identification SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DNA barcoding; species identification; mitochondrial DNA; forensics; whales; dolphins; conservation genetics ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CYTOCHROME-B; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; NUCLEAR MARKERS; EVOLUTION; WHALE; BARCODES; DOLPHIN; SEQUENCES AB The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene has been promoted as a universal reference gene, or barcode, to identify organisms to the species level. We evaluated whether cox1 would be appropriate to diagnose cetacean species. The 5' end of cox1 (686 base pairs, bp) was sequenced for 46 of 86 recognized species of cetaceans. In addition, we included 105 sequences from GenBank, increasing our taxonomic coverage to 61 species. Particular focus was placed on sampling two subfamilies that contain closely related taxa: the Delphininae and the Globicephalinae. Species-specific sequences were observed for all but three taxa (Delphinus delphis, D. capensis, and Stenella coeruleoalba). Although correct assignment was seen for most species, significant overlap between intra- and interspecific variation makes cox1 an imperfect barcode for cetaceans. The efficacy of cox1 was compared to the 5' end of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene, a mitochondrial region routinely used for cetacean species identification. Although cytb performed better than cox1 for some species, this marker could not differentiate other closely related taxa (Eubalaena spp.). Species identification for taxa not reliably identified using cox1 or cytb might be best addressed through use of multiple mitochondrial DNA fragments or other newly developed markers. C1 [Viricel, A.; Rosel, P. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Viricel, A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Viricel, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Suite 234, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM patricia.rosel@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Cente; Graduate Student Organization of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette (ULL) FX This project was funded by the NOAA Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center, a grant from the Graduate Student Organization of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette (ULL), and a ULL Fellowship to Amelia Viricel. We would like to acknowledge Sarah Kingston, Stephanic Blochowiak, and Kristine Hiltunen for generating some of the cytb sequences and Eric Pante, Michael Schwartz, and several anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. We thank the many people and institutions who provided samples, including K. Williams (AFSC), B. Sima (Aquarium of the Americas), J. Reyes (CEPEC, Peru), V. Ridoux (CRMM, France), A. Read (Duke University), A. Costidis (FFWCC), M. C. Pinedo (Fundacao Universidade do Rio Grande), L. Youngner (Georgia DNR), V. da Silva and T. Martin (INPA, Brazil), J. Heyning (LA County Museum), J. Brush (Maryland DNR), N. Barros (Mote Marine Lab), R. Bailey (MMSC), F. Wenzel (NEFSC-Woods Hole), W. McFee (NOS-Charleston), G. Anli (NNU, China), S. Ridgway (NOSC), K. Durham (Riverhead Foundation), A. Hohn, R. Baird and P. Martone (SEFSC-Beaufort), S. Gomez, R. Ewing, B. Mase and J. Litz (SEFSC-Miami), W. Jones and S. Bowen (SEFSC-Panama City), K. Mullin and W. Hoggard (SEFSC-Pascagoula), C. Potter (Smithsonian Institution), T. Jefferson (SWFSC), E. Rogan (UCC, Ireland), W. McLellan (UNCW), and S. Barco (Virginia Marine Science Museum). Skin biopsy samples were collected under U. S. MMPA permit numbers 779-1339-00, 779-1633-00 and 775-1600-10. NR 96 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 37 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00460.x PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 869HH UT WOS:000298588300008 ER PT J AU Jefferson, TA Hung, SK Robertson, KM Archer, FI AF Jefferson, Thomas A. Hung, Samuel K. Robertson, Kelly M. Archer, Frederick I. TI Life history of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin in the Pearl River Estuary, southern China SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age; growth; reproduction; sexual maturity; age; sex classes; calving seasonality; Hong Kong; Pearl River Estuary; Southeast Asia ID SOUSA-CHINENSIS; SPOTTED PORPOISE; HONG-KONG; GROWTH; WATERS; REPRODUCTION; MAMMALS AB We studied life history characteristics of the Hong Kong/Pearl River Estuary population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis), based on data from 120 specimens stranded between 1995 and 2009, 40 individuals biopsied at sea, and a long-term (14+ yr) photo-identification study. Ages were determined for 112 specimens by thin-sectioning teeth and counting growth layer groups. Estimated length at birth was 101 cm. Longevity was at least 38 yr, and there was little difference in growth patterns of males and females. Growth was described by a Bayesian two-phase Gompertz model; asymptotic length was reached at 249 cm. The tooth pulp cavity filled at an average of 18.5 yr of age. Physical maturity was reached at between 14 and 17 yr of age, apparently a few years after attainment of sexual maturity. Maximum lengths and weights of about 268 cm and 240 kg were attained. Females appear to lose all their spots by 30 yr, although males may retain some spotting throughout life. Calving occurred throughout the year, with a broad peak from March to June. Of 60 females monitored at sea for >14 yr of the study, none were documented to have more than three calves, suggestive of low reproductive output or low calf survival. C1 [Jefferson, Thomas A.] Clymene Enterprises, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. [Hung, Samuel K.] Hong Kong Cetacean Res Project, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Robertson, Kelly M.; Archer, Frederick I.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jefferson, TA (reprint author), Clymene Enterprises, 5495 Camino Playa Malaga, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. EM sclymene@aol.com FU Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD); Ocean Park Conservation Foundation-Hong Kong; Hong Kong Dolphin Conservation Society FX We would like to thank all those who were involved in the necropsies and in collection and analysis of samples from the specimens. In particular, E. C. M. Parsons, I. Beasley, C. Choi, M. Torey, L. Law, A. Lee, D. Wong, L. Yeung, S. Ng, R. Kinoshita, S. C. Yang, and J. Y. Wang were heavily involved at various stages. Staff of Ocean Park Corporation and Ocean Park Conservation Foundation have collected stranding data and tooth samples since 2006. The marine mammal stranding program in Hong Kong is coordinated and funded by the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD), and AFCD is also the major funder for the biopsy, photo-ID, and age-determination work. We thank especially D. Choi, J. Sham, S. P. Lau, F. Y. Wong, W. W. Cheng, I. Chan, and J. Lun for their help with this. Portions of the age determination work were funded by the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation-Hong Kong, and part of the biopsy work was funded by the Hong Kong Dolphin Conservation Society. Samples were imported to the United States under CITES permits, and biopsy samples were collected under appropriate permits from the AFCD and the Hong Kong Police Force. J. Lipsky and K. Danil provided assistance in age determination, C. LeDuc and V. Pease assisted with sex determination, and J. Larese provided access to curve-fitting software and valuable assistance in preliminary analysis of growth data. Reproductive hormone concentrations were analyzed by N. Kellar. Finally, we would like to thank S. J. Chivers for her kind permission to use the age determination lab at SWFSC for this work, and to R. L. Brownell Jr., S. J. Chivers, K. Danil, W. F. Perrin, J. Y. Wang, and two anonymous referees for their thorough reviews of earlier drafts of this paper. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 84 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00462.x PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 869HH UT WOS:000298588300010 ER PT J AU Noren, DP Mocklin, JA AF Noren, Dawn P. Mocklin, Julie A. TI Review of cetacean biopsy techniques: Factors contributing to successful sample collection and physiological and behavioral impacts SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE behavioral response; biopsy; blubber; cetacean; skin; wound healing ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; FUNCTION OXIDASE ACTIVITY; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HUMPBACK WHALES; KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA AB Biopsy techniques have been developed to collect skin and blubber samples through non-lethal methods. One sample can provide data on genetics, prey preferences, foraging ecology, contaminant loads, and physiological processes. The limited data available suggest that biopsy wounds heal quickly and that there are usually no discernable adverse health effects. Published accounts on factors contributing to the success of collecting biopsy samples and the behavioral impacts to cetaceans following biopsy sampling were standardized to permit statistical analysis. Several factors contribute to the success of acquiring samples; however, sampling rates do not differ significantly between delivery devices. Behavioral responses to biopsy sampling vary by species and other factors. The most predominant response for odontocetes is low, while low and moderate responses are equally prevalent for mysticetes. The use of retrieval lines may increase the occurrence of moderate and strong responses by mysticetes. These findings suggest that biopsy sampling is relatively benign, causing only minor and short-lived responses. However, most researchers do not report sufficient data to assess short- and long-term physiological and behavioral impacts. Finally, limited data suggest that biopsy sampling does not impact cetacean habitat use or distribution patterns. Yet these impacts are rarely investigated, so additional data are needed. C1 [Noren, Dawn P.; Mocklin, Julie A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Noren, DP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov NR 155 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 154 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00469.x PG 46 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 869HH UT WOS:000298588300013 ER PT J AU Ridgway, S Wursig, B Yablokov, AV Perrin, WF Davis, R AF Ridgway, Sam Wuersig, Bernd Yablokov, Alexey V. Perrin, William F. Davis, Randall TI William Eugene Evans 11 October 1930-12 October 2010 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Ridgway, Sam] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. [Wuersig, Bernd] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Davis, Randall] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Ridgway, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Ste 200, San Diego, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 232 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00556.x PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 869HH UT WOS:000298588300019 ER PT J AU Olin, JA Fair, PA Recks, MA Zolman, E Adams, J Fisk, AT AF Olin, Jill A. Fair, Patricia A. Recks, Melissa A. Zolman, Eric Adams, Jeff Fisk, Aaron T. TI Unique seasonal forage bases within a local population of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; foraging ecology; estuaries; coastal; marine mammals; seasonal variation ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; FOOD-WEB; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; RIVER ESTUARY; HARBOR SEALS; HABITAT USE; DELTA-N-15; CALIFORNIA; DELTA-C-13; SULFUR AB Using photo-identification data, bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations can be differentiated based on their use of particular estuaries or coastal habitats. Questions remain, however, about the validity of such fine-scale population partitioning and whether the resulting assemblages utilize unique forage bases. To address the issue of forage base use, stable isotopes of carbon (d13C), nitrogen (d15N) and sulfur (d34S) were analyzed from skin tissues (n= 74) of bottlenose dolphins sampled seasonally along the coast and in three estuaries near Charleston, South Carolina. Autumn values of d34S, d15N, and d13C and summer values of d34S indicated that dolphins sampled from these four assemblages utilized unique forage bases, despite limited sample sizes. Likewise, autumn and spring differences in d15N and d13C values were evident in the North Edisto River, and in d34S from dolphins sampled from all three estuarine assemblages; no seasonal differences were identified in the coastal assemblage. Results demonstrate the importance of considering spatial and temporal variation in forage base when developing local management plans for bottlenose dolphin and highlight the discriminatory power of d34S for estuarine and coastal marine mammals. These results also suggest that stable isotopes could be developed as a complementary tool for photo-identification based partitioning of bottlenose dolphin populations. C1 [Olin, Jill A.; Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Fair, Patricia A.; Recks, Melissa A.; Zolman, Eric; Adams, Jeff] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Fisk, AT (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM afisk@uwindsor.ca FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NSERC FX We thank Tom Maddox, Richard Doucette, and Todd Speakman for sample analysis, biopsy collection and photo-identification, and M. Aaron MacNeil, Scott Rush and Nigel Hussey for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank Dr. Patricia Rosel, NMFS Lafayette Laboratory, Louisiana, for the genetic analysis sex determination of the skin biopsy samples. We give special thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Photo-identification was conducted under NMFS Permit No. 738 and General Authorization No. 779-1334 and remote biopsy was conducted under Permit No. 779-1633. This study was supported through funding from NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR to P. A. Fair and NSERC to A. T. Fisk. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP E28 EP E40 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00470.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 869HH UT WOS:000298588300003 ER PT J AU Wilson, K Fritz, L Kunisch, E Chumbley, K Johnson, D AF Wilson, Kenady Fritz, Lowell Kunisch, Erin Chumbley, Kathryn Johnson, Devin TI Effects of research disturbance on the behavior and abundance of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) at two rookeries in Alaska SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Steller sea lion; Eumetopias jubatus; research; disturbance; branding; behavior; abundance; rookery ID SHORT-TERM; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; PACIFIC; HAUL AB We examined the effects of research disturbance on the behavior and abundance of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) at rookeries on Marmot and Ugamak Islands in Alaska. During 3 of 6 yr, researchers intentionally drove all adult and juvenile sea lions off at least part of the beach in order to permanently mark and measure sea lion pups. The research disturbance occurred after the majority of females had bred and when most pups were 1 mo old. We used generalized linear models to determine the relationship between research disturbance and sea lion behavior or abundance. Research disturbance was related to changes in the proportion of sea lions exhibiting two to three of nine behavior metrics: agonistic and resting females and active males at Marmot, and active and resting males and females at Ugamak. Model results indicated that changes lasted between 3 and 20 d depending on the sex, behavior, and rookery. Inclusion of research disturbance into Marmot abundance models did not improve the fit to the data, if variability between years was permitted. Optimally timed, low-frequency research disturbance did not appear to have long-term effects on sea lion behavior or abundance and was largely associated with changes that were similar to natural variation. C1 [Wilson, Kenady; Fritz, Lowell; Kunisch, Erin; Chumbley, Kathryn; Johnson, Devin] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wilson, K (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, POB 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kcr13@duke.edu FU NOAA FX We thank all of the patient and hardy scientists who worked as observers on Marmot and Ugamak Islands during the summers of 2000 through 2009, as well as Tom Walters, Maritime Helicopters, Kodiak, Alaska, who flew them all safely back and forth. We also thank Brian Fadely, Kim Shelden, Grey Pendleton, Tom Gelatt, Gary Duker, James Lee, John Bengtson, two anonymous reviewers, and the editorial staff of Marine Mammal Science whose constructive comments greatly improved the manuscript; and Kathryn Sweeney who assisted with the literature review. This research was sponsored by NOAA's Steller Sea Lion Research program and was conducted under Steller sea lion research permit 782-1532 and 782-1768 authorized by NMFS under conditions specified by the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP E58 EP E74 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00485.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 869HH UT WOS:000298588300005 ER PT J AU Sullivan, K AF Sullivan, Kathryn TI Building Partnerships to Improve Ocean Observing SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sullivan, K (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 886JN UT WOS:000299850800003 ER PT J AU Fu, TC Aly, AM Chowdhury, AG Bitsuamlak, G Yeo, DH Simiu, E AF Fu, Tuan-Chun Aly, Aly Mousaad Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Bitsuamlak, Girma Yeo, DongHun Simiu, Emil TI A proposed technique for determining aerodynamic pressures on residential homes SO WIND AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE aerodynamics; atmospheric surface layer; building technology; low-rise structures; open jet facilities; residential buildings; wind engineering; wind tunnels ID SCALE TESTING FACILITY; WIND-TUNNEL; SURFACE PRESSURES; UWO CONTRIBUTION; LOW BUILDINGS; SIMULATION; DATABASE; LOADS; CUBE AB Wind loads on low-rise buildings in general and residential homes in particular can differ significantly depending upon the laboratory in which they were measured. The differences are due in large part to inadequate simulations of the low-frequency content of atmospheric velocity fluctuations in the laboratory and to the small scale of the models used for the measurements. The imperfect spatial coherence of the low frequency velocity fluctuations results in reductions of the overall wind effects with respect to the case of perfectly coherent flows. For large buildings those reductions are significant. However, for buildings with sufficiently small dimensions (e.g., residential homes) the reductions are relatively small. A technique is proposed for simulating the effect of low-frequency flow fluctuations on such buildings more effectively from the point of view of testing accuracy and repeatability than is currently the case. Experimental results are presented that validate the proposed technique. The technique eliminates a major cause of discrepancies among measurements conducted in different laboratories. In addition, the technique allows the use of considerably larger model scales than are possible in conventional testing. This makes it possible to model architectural details, and improves Reynolds number similarity. The technique is applicable to wind tunnels and large scale open jet facilities, and can help to standardize flow simulations for testing residential homes as well as significantly improving testing accuracy and repeatability. The work reported in this paper is a first step in developing the proposed technique. Additional tests are planned to further refine the technique and test the range of its applicability. C1 [Fu, Tuan-Chun; Chowdhury, Arindam Gan; Bitsuamlak, Girma] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Aly, Aly Mousaad] Florida Int Univ, Intl Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Yeo, DongHun; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chowdhury, AG (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM chowdhur@fiu.edu OI Aly, Aly Mousaad/0000-0002-1253-139X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0928740]; Florida Sea Grant College [R/C-D-19-FIU]; Center of Excellence in Hurricane Damage Mitigation and Product Development FX The Wall of Wind testing reported in this paper was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF Award No. CMMI-0928740), Florida Sea Grant College Program (Project # R/C-D-19-FIU), and Center of Excellence in Hurricane Damage Mitigation and Product Development. Findings and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agency. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI DAEJEON PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-6116 J9 WIND STRUCT JI Wind Struct. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mechanics GA 885BT UT WOS:000299754200003 ER PT J AU Giammanco, IM Schroeder, JL Powell, MD AF Giammanco, Ian M. Schroeder, John L. Powell, Mark D. TI Observed characteristics of tropical cyclone vertical wind profiles SO WIND AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclones; GPS dropwindsonde; radar; wind; profiles; low-level jets; velocity azimuth display ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; DRAG COEFFICIENT; PART I; CORE; SEA; EXCHANGE; BALANCE; SYSTEM AB Over the last decade substantial improvements have been made in our ability to observe the tropical cyclone boundary layer. Low-level wind speed maxima have been frequently observed in Global Positioning System dropwindsonde (GPS sonde) profiles. Data from GPS sondes and coastal Doppler radars were employed to evaluate the characteristics of tropical cyclone vertical wind profiles in open ocean conditions and at landfall. Changes to the mean vertical wind profile were observed azimuthally and with decreasing radial distance toward the cyclone center. Wind profiles within the hurricane boundary layer exhibited a logarithmic increase with height up to the depth of the wind maximum. C1 [Giammanco, Ian M.; Schroeder, John L.] Texas Tech Univ, Wind Sci & Engn Res Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Powell, Mark D.] NOAA AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Giammanco, IM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Wind Sci & Engn Res Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM ian.giammanco@ttu.edu RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 FU National Science Foundation [DGE-0221688]; Department of Energy [DE-FG36-06G0B6092]; Wind Science and Engineering Research Center at Texas Tech University; Department of Geosciences FX Financial support for the various data collection and analysis efforts has been provided by the National Science Foundation Grant DGE-0221688, Department of Energy cooperative agreement DE-FG36-06G0B6092, the Wind Science and Engineering Research Center at Texas Tech University, and the Department of Geosciences. Thanks are extended to Russell St. Fleur, Nick Carrasco, and Sonia Otero for assistance with the NOAA-HRD GPS dropwindsonde database and H*Wind. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI DAEJEON PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-6116 J9 WIND STRUCT JI Wind Struct. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 65 EP 86 PG 22 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mechanics GA 885BT UT WOS:000299754200005 ER PT J AU Cucurull, L AF Cucurull, Lidia TI Sensitivity of NWP model skill to the obliquity of the GPS radio occultation soundings SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GPS Radio Occultation; data assimilation; numerical weather prediction; forecast skill ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; OBSERVATION OPERATORS; IMPACT AB The impact of accounting for the drift of the tangent point of the global positioning system radio occultation (GPS RO) profiles within a data assimilation system has been investigated. The GPS RO processing centers provide geographic coordinates for each retrieved value within a profile, as well as profile-representative coordinates. Instead of assimilating each retrieved value with its corresponding latitude and longitude, several numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers have alternatively been using the profile-representative horizontal coordinates. This study shows that this simplification of the geometry of the GPS RO data should be avoided when possible in order to get optimal results in terms of NWP forecast skill. Copyright (c) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Cucurull, Lidia] NOAA, NWS, FMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Cucurull, L (reprint author), UCAR Community Programs, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM Lidia.Cucurull@noaa.gov RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1002/asl.363 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877TV UT WOS:000299206500009 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Weiss, SJ Kain, JS Jirak, IL Coniglio, M Melick, CJ Siewert, C Sobash, RA Marsh, PT Dean, AR Xue, M Kong, FY Thomas, KW Wang, YH Brewster, K Gao, JD Wang, XG Du, J Novak, DR Barthold, FE Bodner, MJ Levit, JJ Entwistle, CB Jensen, TL Correia, J AF Clark, Adam J. Weiss, Steven J. Kain, John S. Jirak, Israel L. Coniglio, Michael Melick, Christopher J. Siewert, Christopher Sobash, Ryan A. Marsh, Patrick T. Dean, Andrew R. Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou Thomas, Kevin W. Wang, Yunheng Brewster, Keith Gao, Jidong Wang, Xuguang Du, Jun Novak, David R. Barthold, Faye E. Bodner, Michael J. Levit, Jason J. Entwistle, C. Bruce Jensen, Tara L. Correia, James, Jr. TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE 2010 HAZARDOUS WEATHER TESTBED EXPERIMENTAL FORECAST PROGRAM SPRING EXPERIMENT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION-PARAMETERIZING ENSEMBLES; WRF MODEL; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; PREDICTION; RESOLUTION; GUIDANCE C1 [Clark, Adam J.; Kain, John S.; Coniglio, Michael; Melick, Christopher J.; Siewert, Christopher; Marsh, Patrick T.; Gao, Jidong; Correia, James, Jr.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Weiss, Steven J.; Jirak, Israel L.; Dean, Andrew R.] NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Melick, Christopher J.; Siewert, Christopher; Correia, James, Jr.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Sobash, Ryan A.; Marsh, Patrick T.; Xue, Ming; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou; Thomas, Kevin W.; Wang, Yunheng; Brewster, Keith; Wang, Xuguang] Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK USA. [Du, Jun] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Novak, David R.; Barthold, Faye E.; Bodner, Michael J.] NOAA, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Barthold, Faye E.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Levit, Jason J.; Entwistle, C. Bruce] NOAA, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. [Jensen, Tara L.] Dev Testbed Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov RI Correia, Jr, James/A-9455-2010; Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Correia, Jr, James/0000-0003-1092-8999; Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NSF [ATM-0802888]; National Research Council FX In addition to NOAA CSTAR support, CAPS simulations received supplementary support from NSF Grant ATM-0802888. All 2010 CAPS forecasts were produced at the National Institute of Computational Sciences (NICS) at the University of Tennessee, and Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Research and Education resources were used for ensemble postprocessing. A National Research Council Post-doctoral Award supported AJC. NR 57 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 1 BP 55 EP 74 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00040.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 883SN UT WOS:000299655300007 ER PT J AU Waite, JN Burkanov, VN Andrews, RD AF Waite, J. N. Burkanov, V. N. Andrews, R. D. TI Prey competition between sympatric Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on Lovushki Island, Russia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING DIET COMPOSITION; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; FECAL SAMPLES; BERING-SEA; FEEDING-HABITS; HARBOR SEALS; SKELETAL STRUCTURES; AQUATIC CARNIVORE; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PHOCA-VITULINA AB Approximately 1 000 Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776); SSL) and 14 000 northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus (L., 1758); NFS) breed sympatrically on Lovushki Island in the Russian Far East, creating the potential for interspecific competition for prey. An additional 13 000 - 14 000 juvenile NFS are present during the breeding season. The diets of breeding SSL and both breeding and juvenile NFS were examined through analysis of scats and spews collected during the breeding seasons of 2003, 2005, and 2007-2008. There were significant overlaps in the prey species and size selection of SSL and juvenile NFS. There were significant differences between the diets of SSL and breeding NFS. SSL and juvenile NFS fed primarily on Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)), while breeding NFS fed on cephalopods, salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861), Atka mackerel, and northern smoothtongue (Leuroglossus schmidti Rass, 1955). The partitioning of resources between breeding animals has allowed both species to coexist within the same region and likely reflected differences in foraging abilities and provisioning strategies of the adults and the fasting abilities of their pups. However, continued growth of the NFS population may lead to the exclusion of SSL owing to interspecific competition for prey. C1 [Waite, J. N.; Andrews, R. D.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Waite, J. N.; Andrews, R. D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burkanov, V. N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, V. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. RP Waite, JN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, 17101 Point Lena Loop, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jason.waite@alaska.edu RI Waite, Jason/D-5334-2011 FU NOAA; National Marine Mammal Laboratory FX We thank J. Albers, A. Altukhov, A. Bishop, J. Gilding, J. O'Quin, and A. Tretiyakov for their assistance in the collection and processing of samples. We thank B. Walker and J. Thomason for their assistance with squid beak identification. We also thank M. Short and J. McIntyre for their statistical advice, as well as M. Castellini, L. Rea, S. Trumble, and S. Atkinson for their invaluable comments on the manuscript. All work was conducted under permits from the Russian regional permitting agency SakhalinVetSanNadzor and was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Alaska Sea Life Center. Funding was provided by grants from NOAA to the Alaska Sea Life Center and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. NR 109 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 1 BP 110 EP 127 DI 10.1139/Z11-117 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 880XL UT WOS:000299443200013 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Levin, PS Lance, MM Jeffries, SJ Acevedo-Gutierrez, A AF Ward, Eric J. Levin, Phillip S. Lance, Monique M. Jeffries, Steven J. Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro TI Integrating diet and movement data to identify hot spots of predation risk and areas of conservation concern for endangered species SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Harbor seals; marine planning; marine protected areas; movement models; predation risk; reserve design; rockfish; salmon ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; HARBOR SEALS; STATE; COMPETITION; ESTUARY; MODELS; TRENDS AB Effective management of threatened and endangered species requires an understanding of how species of conservation concern are distributed spatially, as well as the spatial distribution of risks to the population, such as predation or human impacts (fishing, pollution, and loss of habitat). Identifying high-risk areas is particularly important when designing reserves or protected areas. Our novel approach incorporates data on distribution, movement, and diet of a generalist marine predator (harbor seals) to identify and map hot spots of predation risk for an endangered prey species (rockfish). Areas with high concentrations of seals (including some current marine reserves) are also estimated hot spots for rockfish predation. Although marine reserve planning currently targets areas with good habitat and low human disturbance, our modeling suggests that future terrestrial and marine reserve design may be made more effective by incorporating other components of the food web that either directly or indirectly interact with target species. C1 [Lance, Monique M.; Jeffries, Steven J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Ward, Eric J.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov FU SeaDoc Society [K004431-25]; National Science Foundation [0550443] FX Field support was provided by WDFW, WWU graduate and undergraduate students, and NMFS technicians. Activities were conducted under MMPA Research Permit 782-1702-00. Financial support was provided by The SeaDoc Society Research Agreement No. K004431-25 and National Science Foundation Award No. 0550443 to A.A. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00210.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 881FV UT WOS:000299468900005 ER PT J AU Marancik, KE Richardson, DE Lyczkowski-Shultz, J Cowen, RK Konieczna, M AF Marancik, Katrin E. Richardson, David E. Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne Cowen, Robert K. Konieczna, Malgorzata TI Spatial and temporal distribution of grouper larvae (Serranidae: Epinephelinae: Epinephelini) in the Gulf of Mexico and Straits of Florida SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GAG MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; US-VIRGIN-ISLANDS; EASTERN GULF; NASSAU GROUPER; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; PROTECTED AREAS; NORTH-CAROLINA; LIFE-HISTORY; RED GROUPER; PROTOGYNOUS GROUPER AB Little is known about the seasonality and distribution of grouper larvae (Serranidae: Epinephelini) in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the southeast United States. Grouper larvae were collected from a transect across the Straits of Florida in 2003 and 2004 and during the Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program spring and fall surveys from 1982 through 2005. Analysis of these larval data provided information on location and timing of spawning, larval distribution patterns, and interannual occurrence for a group of species not easily studied as adults. Our analyses indicated that shelf-edge habitat is important for spawning of many species of grouper-some species for which data were not previously available. Spawning for some species may occur year-round, but two peak seasons are evident: late winter and late summer through early fall. Interannual variability in the use of three important subregions by species or groups of species was partially explained by environmental factors (surface temperature, surface salinity, and water depth). A shift in species dominance over the last three decades from spring-spawned species (most of the commercial species) to fall-spawned species also was documented. The results of these analyses expand our understanding of the basic distribution and spawning patterns of northwest Atlantic grouper species and indicate a need for further examination of the changing population structure of individual species and species dominance in the region. C1 [Marancik, Katrin E.; Richardson, David E.] NOAA, Narragansett Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Marancik, Katrin E.; Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne] NOAA, Mississippi Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Marancik, Katrin E.] IAP World Serv Inc, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Cowen, Robert K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Konieczna, Malgorzata] Plankton Sorting & Identificat Ctr, Sea Fisheries Inst, PL-71550 Szczecin, Poland. RP Marancik, KE (reprint author), NOAA, Narragansett Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Katey.marancik@noaa.gov FU OAR Cooperative Institute Program Office; Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute; National Science Foundation [OCE-0136132]; Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission [Billfish-2005-017] FX We would like to thank the following people for their significant contributions to this research: L. Bulloc, J. Llopiz, C. Guigand, A. Exum, J. VanWye, K. Shulzitski, K. Williams, The SEAMAP Plankton Team, and the staff at the Sea Fisheries Institute, Plankton Sorting and Identification Center. This research would not have been possible without the resourcefulness and skilled assistance of the crews of the NOAA research vessels Chapman, Oregon II and Gordon Gunter and the dedication of biologists and volunteers who participated in SEAMAP plankton surveys sampling. N. Bachelor and J. Hare provided statistical expertise. This project was funded through the OAR Cooperative Institute Program Office and is part of the research program of the Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute. Funding for the Florida Straits sampling was provided by grants from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0136132) and the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (Billfish-2005-017). NR 64 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 880KO UT WOS:000299406200001 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Martin, MH AF Rooper, Christopher N. Martin, Michael H. TI Comparison of habitat-based indices of abundance with fishery-independent biomass estimates from bottom trawl surveys SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PERCH SEBASTES-ALUTUS; BERING-SEA; ROCKFISH; PACIFIC; COASTAL; ALASKA; OCEAN; NURSERY; AREAS; CATCH AB Rockfish species are notoriously difficult to sample with multispecies bottom trawl survey methods. Typically, biomass estimates have high coefficients of variation and can fluctuate outside the bounds of biological reality from year to year. This variation may be due in part to their patchy distribution related to very specific habitat preferences. We successfully modeled the distribution of five commercially important and abundant rockfish species. A two-stage modeling method (modeling both presence-absence and abundance) and a collection of important habitat variables were used to predict bottom trawl survey catch per unit of effort. The resulting models explained between 22% and 66% of the variation in rockfish distribution. The models were largely driven by depth, local slope, bottom temperature, abundance of coral and sponge, and measures of water column productivity (i.e., phytoplankton and zooplankton). A year-effect in the models was back-transformed and used as an index of the time series of abundance. The abundance index trajectories of three of five species were similar to the existing estimates of their biomass. In the majority of cases the habitat-based indices exhibited less interannual variability and similar precision when compared with stratified survey-based biomass estimates. These indices may provide for stock assessment models a more stable alternative to current biomass estimates produced by the multispecies bottom trawl survey in the Gulf of Alaska. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Martin, Michael H.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chris.Rooper@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 880KO UT WOS:000299406200002 ER PT J AU Rodgveller, CJ Lunsford, CR Fujioka, JT AF Rodgveller, Cara J. Lunsford, Chris R. Fujioka, Jeffrey T. TI Effects of maternal age and size on embryonic energy reserves, developmental timing, and fecundity in quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; LARVAL SURVIVAL; FISH; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; MELANOPS; GROWTH AB Maternal effects on the quality of progeny can have direct impacts on population productivity. Rockfish are viviparous and the oil globule size of larvae at parturition has been shown to have direct effects on time until starvation and growth rate. We sampled embryos and preparturition larvae opportunistically from 89 gravid quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger) in Southeast Alaska. Because the developmental stage and sampling period were correlated with oil globule size, they were treated as covariates in an analysis of maternal age, length, and weight effects on oil globule size. Maternal factors were related to developmental timing for almost all sampling periods, indicating that older, longer, and heavier females develop embryos earlier than younger, shorter, or lighter ones. Oil globule diameter and maternal length and weight were statistically linked, but the relationships may not be biologically significant. Weight-specific fecundity did not increase with maternal size or age, suggesting that reproductive output does not increase more quickly as fish age and grow. Age or size truncation of a rockfish population, in which timing of parturition is related to age and size, could result in a shorter parturition season. This shortening of the parturition season could make the population vulnerable to fluctuating environmental conditions. C1 [Rodgveller, Cara J.; Lunsford, Chris R.; Fujioka, Jeffrey T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Alaska Biol Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Rodgveller, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Alaska Biol Lab, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 880KO UT WOS:000299406200003 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Zwolinski, JP Byers, KA Cutter, GR Renfree, JS Sessions, TS Macewicz, BJ AF Demer, David A. Zwolinski, Juan P. Byers, Kyle A. Cutter, George R. Renfree, Josiah S. Sessions, Thomas S. Macewicz, Beverly J. TI Prediction and confirmation of seasonal migration of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current Ecosystem SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; TARGET-STRENGTH; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SPAWNING HABITAT; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; ACOUSTIC SURVEYS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; PELAGIC FISH; SOUND-SCATTERING; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX AB During the last century, the population of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current Ecosystem has exhibited large fluctuations in abundance and migration behavior. From approximately 1900 to 1940, the abundance of sardine reached 3.6 million metric tons and the "northern stock" migrated from offshore of California in the spring to the coastal areas near Oregon, Washington, and Vancouver Island in the summer. In the 1940s, the sardine stock collapsed and the few remaining sardine schools concentrated in the coastal region off southern California, year-round, for the next 50 years. The stock gradually recovered in the late 1980s and resumed its seasonal migration between regions off southern California and Canada. Recently, a model was developed which predicts the potential habitat for the northern stock of Pacific sardine and its seasonal dynamics. The habitat predictions were successfully validated using data from sardine surveys using the daily egg production method; scientific trawl surveys off the Columbia River mouth; and commercial sardine landings off Oregon, Washington, and Vancouver Island. Here, the predictions of the potential habitat and seasonal migration of the northern stock of sardine are validated using data from "acoustic-trawl" surveys of the entire west coast of the United States during the spring and summer of 2008. The estimates of sardine biomass and lengths from the two surveys are not significantly different between spring and summer, indicating that they are representative of the entire stock. The results also confirm that the model of potential sardine habitat can be used to optimally apply survey effort and thus minimize random and systematic sampling error in the biomass estimates. Furthermore, the acoustic-trawl survey data are useful to estimate concurrently the distributions and abundances of other pelagic fishes. C1 [Demer, David A.; Zwolinski, Juan P.; Byers, Kyle A.; Cutter, George R.; Renfree, Josiah S.; Sessions, Thomas S.; Macewicz, Beverly J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov FU Fisheries Resources Division at SWFSC; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCES) [SFRH/BPD/44834/ 2008] FX We are very grateful to the numerous scientists and technicians from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) that contributed to the collection and archive of data from these surveys. We thank Russ Vetter, Director of the Fisheries Resources Division at SWFSC, and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCES) for funding J. P. Zwolinski's postdoctoral internship (SFRH/BPD/44834/ 2008) with D. A. Demer at the SWFSC. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments. NR 91 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 52 EP 70 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 880KO UT WOS:000299406200005 ER PT J AU Weber, ED McClatchie, S AF Weber, Edward D. McClatchie, Sam TI Effect of environmental conditions on the distribution of Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) larvae in the California Current system SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; SOUTHERN AB We modeled the probability of capturing Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) larvae as a function of environmental variables for the Southern California Bight (SCB) most years from 1951 through 2008 and Mexican waters offshore of Baja California from 1951 through 1984. The model exhibited acceptable fit, as indicated by the area under a receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.80 but was inconsistent with the zero catches that occurred frequently in the 2000s. Two types of spawners overlapped spatially within the survey area: those that exhibited peak spawning during April in the SCB at about 15.5 degrees C and a smaller group that exhibited peak spawning in August near Punta Eugenia, Mexico, at 20 degrees C or greater. The SCB generally had greater zoo-plankton than Mexican waters but less appropriate (lower) geostrophic flows. Mexican waters generally exhibited greater predicted habitat quality than the SCB in cold years. Predicted quality of the habitat in the SCB was greater from the 1980s to 2008 than in the earlier years of the survey primarily because temperatures and geostrophic flows were more appropriate for larvae. However, stock size the previous year had a larger effect on predictions than any environmental variable, indicating that larval Pacific mackerel did not fully occupy the suitable habitat during most years. C1 [Weber, Edward D.; McClatchie, Sam] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92107 USA. RP Weber, ED (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92107 USA. EM ed.weber@noaa.gov RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 880KO UT WOS:000299406200007 ER PT J AU Zwolinski, JP Demer, DA Byers, KA Cutter, GR Renfree, JS Sessions, TS Macewicz, BJ AF Zwolinski, Juan P. Demer, David A. Byers, Kyle A. Cutter, George R. Renfree, Josiah S. Sessions, Thomas S. Macewicz, Beverly J. TI Distributions and abundances of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and other pelagic fishes in the California Current Ecosystem during spring 2006, 2008, and 2010, estimated from acoustic-trawl surveys SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WEST-COAST; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS AB The abundances and distributions of coastal pelagic fish species in the California Current Ecosystem from San Diego to southern Vancouver Island, were estimated from combined acoustic and trawl surveys conducted in the spring of 2006, 2008, and 2010. Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus), and Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) were the dominant coastal pelagic fish species, in that order. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) were sampled only sporadically and therefore estimates for these species were unreliable. The estimates of sardine biomass compared well with those of the annual assessments and confirmed a declining trajectory of the "northern stock" since 2006. During the sampling period, the biomass of jack mackerel was stable or increasing, and that of Pacific mackerel was low and variable. The uncertainties in these estimates are mostly the result of spatial patchiness which increased from sardine to mackerels to anchovy and herring. Future surveys of coastal pelagic fish species in the California Current Ecosystem should benefit from adaptive sampling based on modeled habitat; increased echosounder and trawl sampling, particularly for the most patchy and nearshore species; and directed-trawl sampling for improved species identification and estimations of their acoustic target strength. C1 [Zwolinski, Juan P.; Demer, David A.; Byers, Kyle A.; Cutter, George R.; Renfree, Josiah S.; Sessions, Thomas S.; Macewicz, Beverly J.] NOAA, Adv Survey Technol Program, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Zwolinski, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Adv Survey Technol Program, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Juan.Zwolinski@noaa.gov FU Fisheries Resources Division at SWFSC; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCES) [SFRH/BPD/44834/ 2008] FX We are very grateful to the numerous scientists and technicians from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center that collected and archived the data from the acoustic-trawl surveys. We thank R. Vetter, Director of the Fisheries Resources Division at SWFSC, and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCES) for funding J. P. Zwolinski's postdoctoral internship (SFRH/BPD/44834/ 2008) with D. A. Demer at SWFSC. Finally, we thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 110 EP 122 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 880KO UT WOS:000299406200009 ER PT J AU Lough, RG O'Brien, L AF Lough, R. Gregory O'Brien, Loretta TI Life-stage recruitment models for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) on Georges Bank SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FISH COMMUNITY; LARVAL COD; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH; MORTALITY AB Ichthyoplankton surveys have been used to provide an independent estimate of adult spawning biomass of commercially exploited species and to further our understanding of the recruitment processes in the early life stages. However, predicting recruitment has been difficult because of the complex interaction of physical and biological processes operating at different spatial and temporal scales that can occur at the different life stages. A model of first-year life-stage recruitment was applied to Georges Bank Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) stocks over the years 1977-2004 by using environmental and density-dependent relationships. The best life-stage mortality relationships for eggs, larvae, pelagic juveniles, and demersal juveniles were first determined by hindcasting recruitment estimates based on egg and larval abundance and mortality rates derived from two intensive sampling periods, 1977-87 and 1995-99. A wind-driven egg mortality relationship was used to estimate losses due to transport off the bank, and a wind-stress larval mortality relationship was derived from feeding and survival studies. A simple metric for the density-dependent effects of Atlantic cod was used for both Atlantic cod and haddock. These life stage proxies were then applied to the virtual population analysis (VPA) derived annual egg abundances to predict age-1 recruitment. Best models were determined from the correlation of predicted and VPA-derived age-1 abundance. The larval stage was the most quantifiable of any stage from surveys, whereas abundance estimates of the demersal juvenile stage were not available because of undersampling. Attempts to forecast recruitment from spawning stock biomass or egg abundance, however, will always be poor because of variable egg survival. C1 [Lough, R. Gregory; O'Brien, Loretta] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lough, RG (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Gregory.Lough@noaa.gov FU NOAA [710]; National Science Foundation [710] FX This is contribution #710 of the US GLOBEC program, funded jointly by NOAA and the National Science Foundation. We thank J. Hare, D. Richardson, and the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, and E. Broughton, M. Traver and X. Wu for revised figures. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 123 EP 140 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 880KO UT WOS:000299406200010 ER PT J AU Shi, L Peng, G Bates, JJ AF Shi, Lei Peng, Ge Bates, John J. TI Surface Air Temperature and Humidity from Intersatellite-Calibrated HIRS Measurements in High Latitudes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIANCE; RETRIEVAL; AMSU; CHANNELS; BIASES AB High-latitude ocean surface air temperature and humidity derived from intersatellite-calibratcd High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) measurements are examined. A neural network approach is used to develop retrieval algorithms. HIRS simultaneous nadir overpass observations from high latitudes are used to intercalibrate observations from different satellites. Investigation shows that if HIRS observations were not intercalibrated, then it could lead to intersatellite biases of 1 degrees C in the air temperature and 1-2 g kg(-1) in the specific humidity for high-latitude ocean surface retrievals. Using a full year of measurements from a high-latitude moored buoy site as ground truth, the instantaneous (matched within a half-hour) root-mean-square (RMS) errors of HIRS retrievals are 1.50 degrees C for air temperature and 0.86 g kg(-1) for specific humidity. Compared to a large set of operational moored and drifting buoys in both northern and southern oceans greater than 50 latitude, the retrieval instantaneous RMS errors are within 2.6 degrees C for air temperature and 1.4 g kg(-1) for specific humidity. Compared to 5 yr of International Maritime Meteorological Archive in situ data, the HIRS specific humidity retrievals show less than 0.5 g kg(-1) of differences over the majority of northern high-latitude open oceans. C1 [Shi, Lei; Peng, Ge; Bates, John J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Peng, Ge] STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM lei.shi@noaa.gov RI Peng, Ge/B-6080-2011; Peng, Ge /D-8003-2014; Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Peng, Ge /0000-0002-1986-9115; Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 29 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00024.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881PA UT WOS:000299497400001 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Shapiro, A Xue, M AF Potvin, Corey K. Shapiro, Alan Xue, Ming TI Impact of a Vertical Vorticity Constraint in Variational Dual-Doppler Wind Analysis: Tests with Real and Simulated Supercell Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; VARIABLE ADVECTION CORRECTION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; RADAR NETWORK; PART II; MODEL; CIRCULATIONS; RETRIEVALS; TORNADOES; EQUATION AB One of the greatest challenges to dual-Doppler retrieval of the vertical wind is the lack of low-level divergence information available to the mass conservation constraint. This study examines the impact of a vertical vorticity equation constraint on vertical velocity retrievals when radar observations are lacking near the ground. The analysis proceeds in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) framework with the anelastic form of the vertical vorticity equation imposed along with traditional data, mass conservation, and smoothness constraints. The technique is tested using emulated radial wind observations of a supercell storm simulated by the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), as well as real dual-Doppler observations of a supercell storm that occurred in Oklahoma on 8 May 2003. Special attention is given to procedures to evaluate the vorticity tendency term, including spatially variable advection correction and estimation of the intrinsic evolution. Volume scan times ranging from 5 min, typical of operational radar networks, down to 30 s, achievable by rapid-scan mobile radars, are considered. The vorticity constraint substantially improves the vertical velocity retrievals in our experiments, particularly for volume scan times smaller than 2 min. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Shapiro, Alan; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Shapiro, Alan; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0532107, EEC-0313747, AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0750790]; National Research Council, National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) FX This research was largely supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant ATM-0532107. Part of the work was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). Partial support of this work was provided by the NSSL. The authors were also supported by NSF Grant EEC-0313747, and the third author was also supported by NSF Grants AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, and AGS-0750790. The SOLO II and REORDER software developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) were used to edit the radar data. Most of the data editing was performed by Katherine Willingham (NSSL). We are thankful to Daniel Betten (University of Oklahoma) for helpful discussions and to the three anonymous reviewers for their very useful comments. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 29 IS 1 BP 32 EP 49 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00019.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881PA UT WOS:000299497400003 ER PT J AU Collilieux, X van Dam, T Ray, J Coulot, D Metivier, L Altamimi, Z AF Collilieux, Xavier van Dam, Tonie Ray, Jim Coulot, David Metivier, Laurent Altamimi, Zuheir TI Strategies to mitigate aliasing of loading signals while estimating GPS frame parameters SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Loading effects; Terrestrial Reference Frame; GNSS; GPS; Geocenter motion ID GEOCENTER MOTION; EARTH; DEFORMATION; SYSTEM AB Although GNSS techniques are theoretically sensitive to the Earth center of mass, it is often preferable to remove intrinsic origin and scale information from the estimated station positions since they are known to be affected by systematic errors. This is usually done by estimating the parameters of a linearized similarity transformation which relates the quasi-instantaneous frames to a long-term frame such as the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). It is well known that non-linear station motions can partially alias into these parameters. We discuss in this paper some procedures that may allow reducing these aliasing effects in the case of the GPS techniques. The options include the use of well-distributed sub-networks for the frame transformation estimation, the use of site loading corrections, a modification of the stochastic model by downweighting heights, or the joint estimation of the low degrees of the deformation field. We confirm that the standard approach consisting of estimating the transformation over the whole network is particularly harmful for the loading signals if the network is not well distributed. Downweighting the height component, using a uniform sub-network, or estimating the deformation field perform similarly in drastically reducing the amplitude of the aliasing effect. The application of these methods to reprocessed GPS terrestrial frames permits an assessment of the level of agreement between GPS and our loading model, which is found to be about 1.5 mm WRMS in height and 0.8 mm WRMS in the horizontal at the annual frequency. Aliased loading signals are not the main source of discrepancies between loading displacement models and GPS position time series. C1 [Collilieux, Xavier; Coulot, David; Metivier, Laurent; Altamimi, Zuheir] IGN LAREG, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [van Dam, Tonie] Univ Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Ray, Jim] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Metivier, Laurent] Inst Phys Globe, F-75005 Paris, France. [Collilieux, Xavier; Coulot, David; Metivier, Laurent; Altamimi, Zuheir] GRGS, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. RP Collilieux, X (reprint author), IGN LAREG, 6-8 Av Blaise Pascal, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. EM xavier.collilieux@ign.fr RI Metivier, Laurent/A-5003-2011 FU CNES through a TOSCA FX This work was partly funded by the CNES through a TOSCA grant. All the plots, except Fig. 6, have been made with the General Mapping Tool (GMT) software (Wessel and Smith 1991). NR 27 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s00190-011-0487-6 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 881XF UT WOS:000299524600001 ER PT J AU Flaud, JM Lafferty, WJ Tchana, FK Perrin, A Landsheere, X AF Flaud, J. -M. Lafferty, W. J. Tchana, F. Kwabia Perrin, A. Landsheere, X. TI First high-resolution analysis of the v(15), v(12), v(5), v(10) and v(2) bands of oxirane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Oxirane; Ethylene oxide; High resolution IR spectrum ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; SPECTRUM AB Fourier transform spectra of oxirane (ethylene oxide, c-C2H4O) have been recorded in the 730-1560 cm(-1) (6.4-13.7 gm) spectral region using a Bruker IFS125HR spectrometer at a resolution of 0.0019 cm(-1). A total of six vibration bands, v(15), v(12), V-5, v(3), v(10) and v(2), have been observed and analyzed. The corresponding upper state ro-vibrational levels were fit using Hamiltonian matrices accounting for various interactions. Satisfactory fits were obtained using the following polyads (15(1),12(1),5(1)) and (10(1),2(1)) of interacting states. As a result, an accurate and extended set of Hamiltonian constants were obtained. The following band centers were derived: v(0) (v(15)) = 808.13518(60) cm(-1), v(0) (v(12)) = 822.27955(37) cm(-1), v(0) (v(5)) = 876.72592(15), v(0) (v(3)) = 1270.37032(10) cm(-1), v(0) ( v(10)) = 1471.35580(50) cm(-1) and v(0) (v(2)) = 1497.83309(15) cm(-1) where the uncertainties are one standard deviation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.; Tchana, F. Kwabia; Perrin, A.; Landsheere, X.] Univ Paris Est Creteil & Paris Diderot, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-94010 Creteil, France. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.lafferty@nist.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 271 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.11.005 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 881DZ UT WOS:000299462000007 ER PT J AU Keown, AJ Bush, MB Ford, C Lee, JJW Constantino, PJ Lawn, BR AF Keown, Amanda J. Bush, Mark B. Ford, Chris Lee, James J. -W. Constantino, Paul J. Lawn, Brian R. TI Fracture susceptibility of worn teeth SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Teeth; Enamel; Worn surfaces; Longitudinal fracture; Critical load ID TOOTH WEAR; DENTAL MICROWEAR; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; LAYER STRUCTURES; CONTACT DAMAGE; FALLBACK FOODS; HUMAN ENAMEL; GREAT APES; FAILURE; DIET AB An experimental simulation study is made to determine the effects of occlusal wear on the capacity of teeth to resist fracture. Tests are carried out on model dome structures, using glass shells to represent enamel and epoxy filler to represent dentin. The top of the domes are ground and polished to produce flat surfaces of prescribed depths relative to shell thickness. The worn surfaces are then loaded axially with a hard sphere, or a hard or soft flat indenter, to represent extremes of food contacts. The loads required to drive longitudinal cracks around the side walls of the enamel to failure are measured as a function of relative wear depth. It is shown that increased wear can inhibit or enhance load-bearing capacity, depending on the nature of the contact. The results are discussed in the context of biological evolutionary pressures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Keown, Amanda J.; Bush, Mark B.; Lawn, Brian R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Ford, Chris] Curtin Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Constantino, Paul J.; Lawn, Brian R.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. RP Bush, MB (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM mark.bush@uwa.edu.au FU Australian Research Council; US National Science Foundation; NRC FX We are grateful to Peter Lucas for many discussions on the biological implications of wear in humans and other animals. The glass domes were produced in the Glassblowing Workshop, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia. Funding for this work was provided by a Discovery Grant from the Australian Research Council (MBB, AJK and BRL), by the US National Science Foundation (BRL), and by an NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship (JJ-WL). NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.028 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 873QX UT WOS:000298899200027 PM 22100100 ER PT J AU Norman, SA Goertz, CEC Burek, KA Quakenbush, LT Cornick, LA Romano, TA Spoon, T Miller, W Beckett, LA Hobbs, RC AF Norman, Stephanie A. Goertz, Caroline E. C. Burek, Kathy A. Quakenbush, Lori T. Cornick, Leslie A. Romano, Tracy A. Spoon, Tracey Miller, Woutrina Beckett, Laurel A. Hobbs, Roderick C. TI SEASONAL HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM CHEMISTRY OF WILD BELUGA WHALES (DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS) IN BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Beluga whale; Bristol Bay; Delphinapterus leucas; health assessment; hematology; serum chemistry ID BLOOD-CHEMISTRY; KILLER WHALE; PORPOISES; VALUES; CONSTITUENTS; POPULATION; ATLANTIC; ECOLOGY; OXYGEN; DEEP AB We collected blood from 18 beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), live-captured in Bristol Bay, Alaska, USA, in May and September 2008, to establish baseline hematologic and serum chemistry values and to determine whether there were significant differences in hematologic values by sex, season, size/age, or time during the capture period. Whole blood was collected within an average of 19 min (range=11-30 min) after the net was set for capture, and for eight animals, blood collection was repeated in a later season after between 80-100 min; all blood was processed within 12 hr. Mean hematocrit, chloride, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly lower in May than they were in September, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, monocytes, phosphorous, magnesium, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and creatinine kinase were significantly higher. Mean total protein, white blood cell count, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were significantly higher early in the capture period than they were later. No significant differences in blood analyte values were noted between males and females. Using overall body length as a proxy for age, larger (older) belugas had lower white blood cell, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts as well as lower sodium, potassium, and calcium levels but higher creatinine levels than smaller belugas. These data provide values for hematology and serum chemistry for comparisons with other wild belugas. C1 [Norman, Stephanie A.; Miller, Woutrina] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goertz, Caroline E. C.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burek, Kathy A.] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Quakenbush, Lori T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Cornick, Leslie A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Romano, Tracy A.; Spoon, Tracey] Myst Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Beckett, Laurel A.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Biostat, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hobbs, Roderick C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Norman, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Immunol, Sch Vet Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM whaledoctor@gmail.com FU NMML-AFSC FX Special thanks to H. Chythlook and the Bristol Bay Native Association for local coordination, boat drivers, and crews (B. Tinker [using F. Bartman's boat], A. Roehl, T. Olson, T. Bavilla, B. Lopez, and R. Andrew). Logistic support was provided by Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG), P. Liedberg and the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, with additional support by R. Griffith, J. Holt, M. Hilbert, J. Casteel, D. Finley, and C. Reigert (Kanakanak Hospital, Bristol Bay Area Health Corporation), J. Citta (ADFG), C. Field, I. Sidor, A. Delmonaco, and J. Richard (MA), T. Binder, A. Dove, D. Christen, T. Claus (Georgia Aquarium), G. Godfrey, L. Kendall (Alaska Pacific University), and J. Nettiksimmons (University of California, Davis) are also appreciated. T. Rowles and J. Whaley (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Fisheries) provided guidance and valuable suggestions. B. Fadely, M. Lander, G. Duker, J. Lee (National Marine Mammal Laboratory-Alaska Fisheries Science Center [NMML-AFSC]), and K. Harr (Phoenix Central Laboratories) kindly reviewed the manuscript. Funding provided by NMML-AFSC. Activities were performed under NOAA Fisheries permits (782-1719 and 932-1489-09. Capture and sampling protocols were approved by the ADFG Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (06-16, last amended 9/28/07). This constitutes publication 200 from the Sea Research Foundation. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 876VW UT WOS:000299136800003 PM 22247370 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA Lockhart, S Collin, R Sotil, G Sanchez-Jerez, P Zigler, KS Perez, AF Garrido, MJ Geyer, LB Bernardi, G Vacquier, VD Haroun, R Kessing, BD AF Lessios, H. A. Lockhart, S. Collin, R. Sotil, G. Sanchez-Jerez, P. Zigler, K. S. Perez, A. F. Garrido, M. J. Geyer, L. B. Bernardi, G. Vacquier, V. D. Haroun, R. Kessing, B. D. TI Phylogeography and bindin evolution in Arbacia, a sea urchin genus with an unusual distribution SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gametic isolation molecules; Isthmus of Panama; marine barriers; mitochondrial DNA; speciation ID DETECTING POSITIVE SELECTION; AMINO-ACID SITES; GAMETE RECOGNITION PROTEIN; CODON-SUBSTITUTION MODELS; TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC; INDO-WEST PACIFIC; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SPERM BINDIN; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES AB Among shallow water sea urchin genera, Arbacia is the only genus that contains species found in both high and low latitudes. In order to determine the geographical origin of the genus and its history of speciation events, we constructed phylogenies based on cytochrome oxidase I and sperm bindin from all its species. Both the mitochondrial and the nuclear gene genealogies show that Arbacia originated in the temperate zone of the Southern Hemisphere and gave rise to three species in the eastern Pacific, which were then isolated from the Atlantic by the Isthmus of Panama. The mid-Atlantic barrier separated two additional species. The bindin data suggest that selection against hybridization is not important in the evolution of this molecule in this genus. Metz et al. in a previous publication found no evidence of selection on bindin of Arbacia and suggested that this might be due to allopatry between species, which obviated the need for species recognition. This suggestion formed the basis of the conclusion, widely spread in the literature, that the source of selection on sea urchin bindin (where it does occur) was reinforcement. However, the range of Arbacia spatuligera overlaps with that of two other species of Arbacia, and our data show that it is hybridizing with one of them. We found that even in the species that overlap geographically, there are no deviations from selective neutrality in the evolution of bindin. C1 [Lessios, H. A.; Collin, R.; Geyer, L. B.; Kessing, B. D.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Lockhart, S.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lima 14, Peru. [Sotil, G.] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Ciencias Biol, Lima 14, Peru. [Sanchez-Jerez, P.] Univ Alicante, Dept Ciencias Ambient, Alicante, Spain. [Zigler, K. S.] Univ South, Dept Biol, Sewanee, TN USA. [Perez, A. F.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Garrido, M. J.] Gobierno Canarias, Serv Espacios Nat, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [Bernardi, G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Vacquier, V. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Marine Biol Res, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Haroun, R.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias, Spain. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM lessiosh@post.harvard.edu RI Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011; Haroun, Ricardo/L-1352-2013; Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo/L-4750-2014 OI Sotil, Giovanna/0000-0002-1583-8821; Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678; Haroun, Ricardo/0000-0003-1348-692X; Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo/0000-0003-4047-238X NR 92 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 130 EP 144 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05303.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 869FO UT WOS:000298582700011 PM 21981354 ER PT J AU Almudevar, A Anderson, EC AF Almudevar, Anthony Anderson, Eric C. TI A new version of PRT software for sibling groups reconstruction with comments regarding several issues in the sibling reconstruction problem SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE pedigree reconstruction; sibling group inference ID FULL SIBSHIP RECONSTRUCTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PEDIGREE RECONSTRUCTION; PARTITION-DISTANCE; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; GENETIC-MARKERS; GENOTYPIC DATA; ASSIGNMENT; PATERNITY; INFERENCE AB Pedigree reconstruction using genotypic markers has become an important tool for the study of natural populations. The nonstandard nature of the underlying statistical problems has led to the necessity of developing specialized statistical and computational methods. In this article, a new version of pedigree reconstruction tools (PRT 2.0) is presented. The software implements algorithms proposed in Almudevar & Field (Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics, 4, 1999, 136) and Almudevar (Biometrics, 57, 2001a, 757) for the reconstruction of single generation sibling groups (SG). A wider range of enumeration algorithms is included, permitting improved computational performance. In particular, an iterative version of the algorithm designed for larger samples is included in a fully automated form. The new version also includes expanded simulation utilities, as well as extensive reporting, including half-sibling compatibility, parental genotype estimates and flagging of potential genotype errors. A number of alternative algorithms are described and demonstrated. A comparative discussion of the underlying methodologies is presented. Although important aspects of this problem remain open, we argue that a number of methodologies including maximum likelihood estimation (COLONY 1.2 and 2.0) and the set cover formulation (KINALYZER) exhibit undesirable properties in the sibling reconstruction problem. There is considerable evidence that large sets of individuals not genetically excluded as siblings can be inferred to be a true sibling group, but it is also true that unrelated individuals may be genetically compatible with a true sibling group by chance. Such individuals may be identified on a statistical basis. PRT 2.0, based on these sound statistical principles, is able to efficiently match or exceed the highest reported accuracy rates, particularly for larger SG. The new version is available at . C1 [Almudevar, Anthony] Univ Rochester, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Almudevar, A (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM anthony_almudevar@urmc.rochester.edu NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 164 EP 178 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03061.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 869GF UT WOS:000298585000020 PM 21883980 ER PT J AU A'Hara, SW Amouroux, P Argo, EE Avand-Faghih, A Barat, A Barbieri, L Bert, TM Blatrix, R Blin, A Bouktila, D Broome, A Burban, C Capdevielle-Dulac, C Casse, N Chandra, S Cho, KJ Cottrell, JE Crawford, CR Davis, MC Delatte, H Desneux, N Djieto-Lordon, C Dubois, MP El-Mergawy, RAAM Gallardo-Escarate, C Garcia, M Gardiner, MM Guillemaud, T Haye, PA Hellemans, B Hinrichsen, P Jeon, JH Kerdelhue, C Kharrat, I Kim, KH Kim, YY Kwan, YS Labbe, EM Lahood, E Lee, KM Lee, WO Lee, YH Legoff, I Li, H Lin, CP Liu, SS Liu, YG Long, D Maes, GE Magnoux, E Mahanta, PC Makni, H Makni, M Malausa, T Matura, R McKey, D McMillen-Jackson, AL Mendez, MA Mezghani-Khemakhem, M Michel, AP Paul, M Muriel-Cunha, J Nibouche, S Normand, F Palkovacs, EP Pande, V Parmentier, K Peccoud, J Piats-Check, F Puchulutegui, C Ramos, R Ravest, G Richner, H Robbens, J Rochat, D Rousselet, J Saladin, V Sauve, M Schlei, O Schultz, TF Scobie, AR Segovia, NI Seyoum, S Silvain, JF Tabone, E Van Houdt, JKJ Vandamme, SG Volckaert, FAM Wenburg, J Willis, TV Won, YJ Ye, NH Zhang, W Zhang, YX AF A'Hara, S. W. Amouroux, P. Argo, Emily E. Avand-Faghih, A. Barat, Ashoktaru Barbieri, Luiz Bert, Theresa M. Blatrix, R. Blin, Aurelie Bouktila, D. Broome, A. Burban, C. Capdevielle-Dulac, C. Casse, N. Chandra, Suresh Cho, Kyung Jin Cottrell, J. E. Crawford, Charles R. Davis, Michelle C. Delatte, H. Desneux, Nicolas Djieto-Lordon, C. Dubois, M. P. El-Mergawy, R. A. A. M. Gallardo-Escarate, C. Garcia, M. Gardiner, Mary M. Guillemaud, Thomas Haye, P. A. Hellemans, B. Hinrichsen, P. Jeon, Ji Hyun Kerdelhue, C. Kharrat, I. Kim, Ki Hwan Kim, Yong Yul Kwan, Ye-Seul Labbe, Ellen M. Lahood, Eric Lee, Kyung Mi Lee, Wan-Ok Lee, Yat-Hung Legoff, Isabelle Li, H. Lin, Chung-Ping Liu, S. S. Liu, Y. G. Long, D. Maes, G. E. Magnoux, E. Mahanta, Prabin Chandra Makni, H. Makni, M. Malausa, Thibaut Matura, Rakesh McKey, D. McMillen-Jackson, Anne L. Mendez, M. A. Mezghani-Khemakhem, M. Michel, Andy P. Paul, Moran Muriel-Cunha, Janice Nibouche, S. Normand, F. Palkovacs, Eric P. Pande, Veena Parmentier, K. Peccoud, J. Piats-Check, F. Puchulutegui, Cecilia Ramos, R. Ravest, G. Richner, Heinz Robbens, J. Rochat, D. Rousselet, J. Saladin, Verena Sauve, M. Schlei, Ora Schultz, Thomas F. Scobie, A. R. Segovia, N. I. Seyoum, Seifu Silvain, J-F Tabone, Elisabeth Van Houdt, J. K. J. Vandamme, S. G. Volckaert, F. A. M. Wenburg, John Willis, Theodore V. Won, Yong-Jin Ye, N. H. Zhang, W. Zhang, Y. X. CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2011-30 September 2011 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis, Menippe mercenaria, Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontarinia mangiferae, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus rhombus, Tetraponera aethiops, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Tuta absoluta and Ugni molinae. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barilius bendelisis, Chiromantes haematocheir, Eriocheir sinensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cladocalix, Eucalyptus globulus, Garra litaninsis vishwanath, Garra para lissorhynchus, Guindilla trinervis, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Luma chequen. Guayaba, Myrceugenia colchaguensis, Myrceugenia correifolia, Myrceugenia exsucca, Parasesarma plicatum, Parus major, Portunus pelagicus, Psidium guayaba, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus maximus, Tetraponera latifrons, Thaumetopoea bonjeani, Thaumetopoea ispartensis, Thaumetopoea libanotica, Thaumetopoea pinivora, Thaumetopoea pityocampa ena clade, Thaumetopoea solitaria, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni and Tor putitora. This article also documents the addition of nine EPIC primer pairs for Euphaea decorata, Euphaea formosa, Euphaea ornata and Euphaea yayeyamana. C1 [A'Hara, S. W.; Broome, A.; Cottrell, J. E.] No Res Stn, Forest Res, Roslin EH25 9SY, Midlothian, Scotland. [Amouroux, P.; Normand, F.] Stn Bassin Plat, CIRAD, UPR HortSys, F-97455 Saint Pierre, La Reunion, France. [Amouroux, P.] Univ Reunion, F-97715 Saint Denis Messag, La Reunion, France. [Argo, Emily E.; Palkovacs, Eric P.; Schultz, Thomas F.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Lab, Marine Conservat Mol Facil, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Avand-Faghih, A.] Plant Pests & Dis Res Inst, Tehran 19395, Iran. [Barat, Ashoktaru; Chandra, Suresh; Mahanta, Prabin Chandra; Matura, Rakesh] Indian Council Agr Res, Mol Genet Lab, Directorate Coldwater Fisheries Res, Naini Tal 263136, Uttarakhand, India. [Barbieri, Luiz; Bert, Theresa M.; Crawford, Charles R.; Davis, Michelle C.; McMillen-Jackson, Anne L.; Puchulutegui, Cecilia; Seyoum, Seifu] Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Blatrix, R.; Dubois, M. P.; Garcia, M.; McKey, D.; Peccoud, J.; Piats-Check, F.; Sauve, M.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, CEFE, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Blin, Aurelie; Guillemaud, Thomas; Legoff, Isabelle; Malausa, Thibaut] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, IBSV INRA, Equipe Biol Populat Interact,UMR 1301, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Bouktila, D.; Kharrat, I.; Makni, H.; Makni, M.; Mezghani-Khemakhem, M.] Univ Tunis El Manar, Fac Sci Tunis, Unite Genom Insectes Ravageurs Cultures Interet A, Manar, Tunisia. [Bouktila, D.] Univ Jendouba, Inst Super Biotechnol Beja, Jendouba, Tunisia. [Burban, C.] Univ Bordeaux, INRA, BIOGECO, UMR1202, F-33610 Cestas, France. [Capdevielle-Dulac, C.; Silvain, J-F] CNRS, IRD, Lab Evolut,Genomes & Speciat, UR 072,UPR 9034, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Casse, N.] Univ Maine, Lab Mer Mol Sante MMS, F-72017 Le Mans, France. [Cho, Kyung Jin; Kim, Yong Yul; Lee, Kyung Mi] Korea Forest Seed & Variety Ctr, Div Seed Seedling Management, Chungju Si 380941, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea. [Delatte, H.; Nibouche, S.] UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410 St Pierre, Reunion. [Desneux, Nicolas] INRA, Unite Rech integree Hort, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex 06903, France. [Djieto-Lordon, C.] Univ Yaounde 1, Fac Sci, Zool Lab, Yaounde, Cameroon. [El-Mergawy, R. A. A. M.] Minoufia Univ, Genet Engn & Biotechnol Res Inst GEBRI, Dept Mol Biol, El Sadat City, Minoufia, Egypt. [Gallardo-Escarate, C.] Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Ctr Biotechnol, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Gardiner, Mary M.; Michel, Andy P.; Zhang, W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Haye, P. A.; Segovia, N. I.] Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Biol Marina, Coquimbo, Chile. [Hinrichsen, P.; Ramos, R.; Ravest, G.] Inst Invest Agropecuarias, Ctr Invest Platina, Lab Biotecnol, INIA, Santiago, Chile. [Jeon, Ji Hyun; Kim, Ki Hwan] Biomedic, Bucheon Si 420020, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Kerdelhue, C.] INRA, UMR CBGP INRA IRD CIRAD Montpellier Supagro, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Kwan, Ye-Seul; Won, Yong-Jin] Ewha Womans Univ, Div Ecosci, Seoul, South Korea. [Labbe, Ellen M.] Univ So Maine, Dept Biol, Portland, ME 04102 USA. [Lahood, Eric; Paul, Moran] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lee, Wan-Ok] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Inland Fisheries Res Inst, Gapyeong, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Lee, Yat-Hung; Lin, Chung-Ping] Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. [Li, H.] Yancheng Teachers Univ, Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Coastal Wetland Bioresources, Yancheng 224002, Peoples R China. [Liu, S. S.] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Liu, Y. G.; Zhang, Y. X.] Shandong Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, Qingdao 266002, Peoples R China. [Long, D.] Plantlife Scotland, Stirling FK8 2QG, Scotland. [Magnoux, E.; Rousselet, J.] INRA, UR Zool Forestiere 633, F-45075 Orleans 2, France. [Makni, H.] Univ Tunis, Inst Super Animat Jeunesse & Culture, Tunis, Tunisia. [Mendez, M. A.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Lab Genet Evoluc, Santiago, Chile. [Muriel-Cunha, Janice] Fed Univ Para Altamira, Fac Ciencias Biol, BR-68372040 Altamira, PA, Brazil. [Pande, Veena] Kumaon Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Bhimtal 263136, Uttarakhand, India. [Parmentier, K.; Robbens, J.; Vandamme, S. G.] Inst Agr & Fisheries Res ILVO Fisheries, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Ramos, R.] Syngenta Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Richner, Heinz; Saladin, Verena] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Rochat, D.] UPMC, INRA, UMR 1272, F-78026 Versailles, France. [Schlei, Ora; Wenburg, John] USFWS, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Tabone, Elisabeth] INRA, Unite Expt Lutte Biol, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex 06903, France. [Van Houdt, J. K. J.] KULeuven, Lab Cytogenet & Genome Res, O&N, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Willis, Theodore V.] Univ So Maine, Dept Environm Sci, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Ye, N. H.] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Capdevielle-Dulac, C.; Silvain, J-F] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Haye, P. A.; Segovia, N. I.] Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas CEAZA, Coquimbo, Chile. [Hellemans, B.; Maes, G. E.; Van Houdt, J. K. J.; Vandamme, S. G.; Volckaert, F. A. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Anim Div & Systemat, Biogenom Div, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Lee, Yat-Hung; Lin, Chung-Ping] Tunghai Univ, Ctr Trop Ecol & Biodivers, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. [Scobie, A. R.] Scottish Nat Heritage, Cairngorms Rare Plants Project, Aviemore PH22 1QD, Inverness, Scotland. RI Richner, Heinz/B-1659-2008; Nibouche, Samuel/C-1964-2008; Desneux, Nicolas/J-6262-2013; Normand, Frederic/J-7200-2013; Mendez, Marco/B-1912-2014; Maes, Gregory/C-5450-2008; Haye, Pilar/B-7082-2015; guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012; Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Research Institute /E-7221-2017; OI Kerdelhue, Carole/0000-0001-7667-902X; Bouktila, Dhia/0000-0002-7360-5161; Blatrix, Rumsais/0000-0003-1662-7791; Peccoud, Jean/0000-0002-3356-7869; Richner, Heinz/0000-0001-7390-0526; Nibouche, Samuel/0000-0003-2675-1382; Maes, Gregory/0000-0002-1531-7321; Haye, Pilar/0000-0002-1093-9076; guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644; Schultz, Thomas/0000-0001-9694-9920 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03088.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 869GF UT WOS:000298585000022 ER PT J AU Kinsinger, CR Apffel, J Baker, M Bian, XP Borchers, CH Bradshaw, R Brusniak, MY Chan, DW Deutsch, EW Domon, B Gorman, J Grimm, R Hancock, W Hermjakob, H Horn, D Hunter, C Kolar, P Kraus, HJ Langen, H Linding, R Moritz, RL Omenn, GS Orlando, R Pandey, A Ping, PP Rahbar, A Rivers, R Seymour, SL Simpson, RJ Slotta, D Smith, RD Stein, SE Tabb, DL Tagle, D Yates, JR Rodriguez, H AF Kinsinger, Christopher R. Apffel, James Baker, Mark Bian, Xiaopeng Borchers, Christoph H. Bradshaw, Ralph Brusniak, Mi-Youn Chan, Daniel W. Deutsch, Eric W. Domon, Bruno Gorman, Jeff Grimm, Rudolf Hancock, William Hermjakob, Henning Horn, David Hunter, Christie Kolar, Patrik Kraus, Hans-Joachim Langen, Hanno Linding, Rune Moritz, Robert L. Omenn, Gilbert S. Orlando, Ron Pandey, Akhilesh Ping, Peipei Rahbar, Amir Rivers, Robert Seymour, Sean L. Simpson, Richard J. Slotta, Douglas Smith, Richard D. Stein, Stephen E. Tabb, David L. Tagle, Danilo Yates, John R. Rodriguez, Henry TI Recommendations for mass spectrometry data quality metrics for open access data (corollary to the Amsterdam principles) SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Amsterdam principles; Bioinformatics; Data quality; Metrics; Open access; Selected reaction monitoring; Standards ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION DATA; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL PROTEOMICS; MINIMUM INFORMATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; GUIDELINES; RESOURCE; SPECTRA; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened the International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, funding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed upon two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: (i) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and (ii) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in Proteomics, Proteomics Clinical Applications, Journal of Proteome Research, and Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals. C1 [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Rahbar, Amir; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Apffel, James] Agilent Res Labs, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Baker, Mark] Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Bian, Xiaopeng] NCI, Ctr Bioinformat & Informat Technol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Borchers, Christoph H.] Univ Victoria, Genome BC Prote Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Bradshaw, Ralph] Univ Calif San Francisco, Mass Spectrometry Facil, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Chan, Daniel W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Domon, Bruno] CRP Sante, Luxembourg Clin Prote Ctr, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Gorman, Jeff] Queensland Inst Med Res, Prot Discovery Ctr, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. [Grimm, Rudolf] Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Hancock, William] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hermjakob, Henning] European Bioinformat Inst, Prote Serv, Cambridge, England. [Horn, David] Thermo Fisher Sci, Prote Software Strateg Mkt, San Jose, CA USA. [Hunter, Christie; Rivers, Robert] AB SCIEX, Foster City, AB, Canada. [Kolar, Patrik] European Commiss, Directorate Gen Res, Brussels, Belgium. [Kraus, Hans-Joachim] Wiley VCH, Weinheim, Germany. [Langen, Hanno] Hoffmann La Roche Ag, Exploratory Biomarkers, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Linding, Rune] Tech Univ Denmark DTU, Cellular Signal Integrat Grp C SIG, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal CBS, Dept Syst Biol, Lyngby, Denmark. [Moritz, Robert L.] Inst Syst Biol, Cellular & Mol Logic Unit, Seattle, WA USA. [Omenn, Gilbert S.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Orlando, Ron] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ping, Peipei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Seymour, Sean L.] NCI, Small Business Dev Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Simpson, Richard J.] La Trobe Univ, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Slotta, Douglas] NIH, Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Chem Reference Data Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tabb, David L.] Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Tagle, Danilo] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Yates, John R.] Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kinsinger, CR (reprint author), NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, 31 Ctr Dr,MSC 2580, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kinsingc@mail.nih.gov RI Pandey, Akhilesh/B-4127-2009; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Bradshaw, Ralph/K-1515-2013; OI Hermjakob, Henning/0000-0001-8479-0262; Baker, Mark/0000-0001-5858-4035; Pandey, Akhilesh/0000-0001-9943-6127; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Ping, Peipei/0000-0003-3583-3881; Omenn, Gilbert S./0000-0002-8976-6074 NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1615-9853 EI 1615-9861 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1002/pmic.201100562 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 872WL UT WOS:000298841000004 PM 22069307 ER PT J AU Woods, TN Eparvier, FG Hock, R Jones, AR Woodraska, D Judge, D Didkovsky, L Lean, J Mariska, J Warren, H McMullin, D Chamberlin, P Berthiaume, G Bailey, S Fuller-Rowell, T Sojka, J Tobiska, WK Viereck, R AF Woods, T. N. Eparvier, F. G. Hock, R. Jones, A. R. Woodraska, D. Judge, D. Didkovsky, L. Lean, J. Mariska, J. Warren, H. McMullin, D. Chamberlin, P. Berthiaume, G. Bailey, S. Fuller-Rowell, T. Sojka, J. Tobiska, W. K. Viereck, R. TI Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of Science Objectives, Instrument Design, Data Products, and Model Developments SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EVE; SDO; Solar EUV irradiance; Space weather research ID EUV IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; OPEN MAGNETIC-FLUX; SPACE WEATHER; FAR-SIDE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; EXPERIMENT SEE; SUN; WAVELENGTHS; OPERATIONS AB The highly variable solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is the major energy input to the Earth's upper atmosphere, strongly impacting the geospace environment, affecting satellite operations, communications, and navigation. The Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) will measure the solar EUV irradiance from 0.1 to 105 nm with unprecedented spectral resolution (0.1 nm), temporal cadence (ten seconds), and accuracy (20%). EVE includes several irradiance instruments: The Multiple EUV Grating Spectrographs (MEGS)-A is a grazing-incidence spectrograph that measures the solar EUV irradiance in the 5 to 37 nm range with 0.1-nm resolution, and the MEGS-B is a normal-incidence, dual-pass spectrograph that measures the solar EUV irradiance in the 35 to 105 nm range with 0.1-nm resolution. To provide MEGS in-flight calibration, the EUV SpectroPhotometer (ESP) measures the solar EUV irradiance in broadbands between 0.1 and 39 nm, and a MEGS-Photometer measures the Sun's bright hydrogen emission at 121.6 nm. The EVE data products include a near real-time space-weather product (Level 0C), which provides the solar EUV irradiance in specific bands and also spectra in 0.1-nm intervals with a cadence of one minute and with a time delay of less than 15 minutes. The EVE higher-level products are Level 2 with the solar EUV irradiance at higher time cadence (0.25 seconds for photometers and ten seconds for spectrographs) and Level 3 with averages of the solar irradiance over a day and over each one-hour period. The EVE team also plans to advance existing models of solar EUV irradiance and to operationally use the EVE measurements in models of Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere. Improved understanding of the evolution of solar flares and extending the various models to incorporate solar flare events are high priorities for the EVE team. C1 [Woods, T. N.; Eparvier, F. G.; Hock, R.; Jones, A. R.; Woodraska, D.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Judge, D.; Didkovsky, L.] Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lean, J.; Mariska, J.; Warren, H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McMullin, D.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Chamberlin, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Berthiaume, G.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Bailey, S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, T.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, T.; Viereck, R.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sojka, J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tobiska, W. K.] Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. RP Woods, TN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tom.woods@lasp.colorado.edu RI Chamberlin, Phillip/C-9531-2012; OI Chamberlin, Phillip/0000-0003-4372-7405; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 FU NASA [NAS5-02140] FX This research is supported by NASA contract NAS5-02140 to the University of Colorado. The authors gratefully acknowledge the many people who have contributed to the success of this new instrument throughout concept, design, fabrication, and testing. Special thanks to Vanessa George for her support in preparing this manuscript. NR 67 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 275 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9487-6 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 878YT UT WOS:000299294600007 ER PT J AU Thomas, JB Duewer, DL Mugenya, IO Phinney, KW Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Sniegoski, LT Tai, SS Welch, MJ Yen, JH AF Thomas, Jeanice B. Duewer, David L. Mugenya, Isaac O. Phinney, Karen W. Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Sniegoski, Lorna T. Tai, Susan S. Welch, Michael J. Yen, James H. TI Preparation and value assignment of standard reference material 968e fat-soluble vitamins, carotenoids, and cholesterol in human serum SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Standard reference material; Fat-soluble vitamins; Carotenoids; Frozen human serum; Cholesterol; Value assignment ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEFINITIVE METHOD; RETINOL; PLASMA; STABILITY; STORAGE; FROZEN AB Standard Reference Material 968e Fat-Soluble Vitamins, Carotenoids, and Cholesterol in Human Serum provides certified values for total retinol, gamma- and alpha-tocopherol, total lutein, total zeaxanthin, total beta-cryptoxanthin, total beta-carotene, 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3, and cholesterol. Reference and information values are also reported for nine additional compounds including total alpha-cryptoxanthin, trans- and total lycopene, total alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and coenzyme Q(10). The certified values for the fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in SRM 968e were based on the agreement of results from the means of two liquid chromatographic methods used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and from the median of results of an interlaboratory comparison exercise among institutions that participate in the NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program. The assigned values for cholesterol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 in the SRM are the means of results obtained using the NIST reference method based upon gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. SRM 968e is currently one of two available health-related NIST reference materials with concentration values assigned for selected fat-soluble vitamins, carotenoids, and cholesterol in human serum matrix. This SRM is used extensively by laboratories worldwide primarily to validate methods for determining these analytes in human serum and plasma and for assigning values to in-house control materials. The value assignment of the analytes in this SRM will help support measurement accuracy and traceability for laboratories performing health-related measurements in the clinical and nutritional communities. C1 [Thomas, Jeanice B.; Duewer, David L.; Phinney, Karen W.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Sniegoski, Lorna T.; Tai, Susan S.; Welch, Michael J.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mugenya, Isaac O.] Kenya Bur Stand, Food & Agr Labs, Testing Serv Dept, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Thomas, JB (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jbthomas@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 402 IS 2 BP 749 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5447-8 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 870BY UT WOS:000298645300017 PM 22015475 ER PT J AU Bisceglia, KJ Roberts, AL Lippa, KA AF Bisceglia, Kevin J. Roberts, A. Lynn Lippa, Katrice A. TI A hydrolysis procedure for the analysis of total cocaine residues in wastewater SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HILIC; Cocaine; Ecgonine; Anhydroecgonine; Hydrolysis; Transformation ID ECGONINE METHYL-ESTER; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; URINARY-EXCRETION; ILLICIT DRUGS; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; HUMANS; ABUSE; BENZOYLECGONINE AB We report a sample pretreatment approach for the analysis of total cocaine residues in wastewater that eliminates the need for two key assumptions often made in estimating cocaine utilization from measurement of its benzoylecgonine metabolite: that benzoylecgonine is neither degraded nor generated during transport in a sewer system, and that it is excreted as a constant fraction of cocaine ingested. By adding NaOH and incubating samples at 55 A degrees C, cocaine and its principal metabolites are efficiently hydrolyzed into ecgonine, anhydroecgonine, and norecgonine. Ecgonine, estimated to represent between 37% and 90% (on a molar basis) of cocaine residues, can be directly determined (without preconcentration via solid-phase extraction (SPE)) by reversed-phase (RP) or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). If samples are subjected to SPE, anhydroecgonine can also be determined; this metabolite (and its precursors) represents a parts per thousand 7% of urinary cocaine residues (based on spot collections from living individuals). Although a reference standard for norecgonine is not commercially available, such nortropanes are also a minor fraction (up to 2%) of urinary cocaine residues. The stability of two human markers (cotinine and creatinine) to the hydrolysis procedure was also investigated. Results obtained by applying the hydrolysis approach for the analysis of total cocaine in an untreated municipal wastewater sample (obtained from Baltimore, MD) were generally in excellent agreement with those obtained from split samples analyzed using a more comprehensive solid-phase extraction RPLC/MS/MS method as described in our previous work. In particular, total tropane-based cocaine residues were found to be hydrolyzed to ecgonine with 98-99% efficiency. C1 [Bisceglia, Kevin J.; Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bisceglia, Kevin J.; Roberts, A. Lynn] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Lippa, KA (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katrice.lippa@nist.gov RI Roberts, A. Lynn/A-3295-2010 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 402 IS 3 BP 1277 EP 1287 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5553-7 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 870CE UT WOS:000298645900027 PM 22147270 ER PT J AU Vu, ET Risch, D Clark, CW Gaylord, S Hatch, LT Thompson, MA Wiley, DN Van Parijs, SM AF Vu, Elizabeth T. Risch, Denise Clark, Christopher W. Gaylord, Shonda Hatch, Leila T. Thompson, Michael A. Wiley, David N. Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Humpback whale song occurs extensively on feeding grounds in the western North Atlantic Ocean SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Song; Feeding grounds; Humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; ACOUSTIC DETECTIONS; SOUTHERN GULF; BIRD SONG; MIGRATION; HAWAIIAN; PACIFIC; PLASTICITY; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB Male humpback whales produce complex, patterned songs that are traditionally heard on their breeding grounds. Short-term studies demonstrated that they also sing along migration routes and on higher-latitude feeding grounds. This study expands the current understanding of feeding-ground song by providing yearlong views of singing activity. Acoustic recordings were made in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, part of the western North Atlantic Ocean feeding grounds. Recordings were made in 2006 and 2008. Song occurred during all months except February 2006 and June 2008. Song occurred most frequently in November for both years (mean +/- SE-2006: 18.26 +/- 0.66 h with song d(-1); 2008: 18.59 +/- 0.82 h with song d(-1)). The longest song sessions occurred in April for both years (2220 +/- 348, 1430 +/- 274 s, respectively) in November and December for 2006, and in May for 2008. This study demonstrates that song occurs often, when whales arrive at the feeding grounds in early April. The occurrence and length of song sessions decrease during July and August when whales are observed to be feeding in the sanctuary. Song occurrence and song session length increase when most males prepare to migrate southward in October to December. Such patterns are congruent with the hypothesis of seasonal hormonal activity and its potential role in song production. C1 [Vu, Elizabeth T.; Risch, Denise; Gaylord, Shonda; Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Clark, Christopher W.; Van Parijs, Sofie M.] Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Hatch, Leila T.; Thompson, Michael A.; Wiley, David N.] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. RP Vu, ET (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0205, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM e2vu@ucsd.edu FU NOAA; Cornell University; NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Northeast Regional Office; Stellwagen Bank FX The authors thank the Bioacoustics' Research Program at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology and the Protected Species Branch of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for field work and analysis support. We thank A. Chang, M. Hansen, and G. Poritz for statistical analysis support and P. Oboyski and S. Cole for comments. We thank J. Tougaard for providing helpful tools for preliminary song structure analyses. This project was completed under the support of the NOAA Ernst Hollings Scholarship Program while attending the University of California, Berkeley (E.T.V.). Funding for this project was provided by Cornell University, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Northeast Regional Office, and Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary via the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). We give special thanks to Dr. S. Cerchio for insightful and detailed comments as well as 2 anonymous referees who helped to significantly improve this paper. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.3354/ab00390 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 880CM UT WOS:000299382200008 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Conn, PB AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Conn, Paul B. TI SPAWNER-RECRUIT RELATIONSHIPS OF DEMERSAL MARINE FISHES: PRIOR DISTRIBUTION OF STEEPNESS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; STOCK; METAANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; RATES AB Stock assessments use spawner-recruit functions to relate the reproductive capacity of a stock (e.g., total fecundity) to subsequent recruitment. The Beverton-Holt spawner-recruit function, perhaps the most widely used, is conventionally parameterized using a "steepness" parameter that describes the stock's productivity. This parameter highly influences predicted population dynamics and responses to exploitation. Unfortunately, steepness can also be difficult to estimate reliably from data typical of stock assessments. In such cases, estimation can be improved by drawing inference from other stocks with similar life-history patterns. In particular, Bayesian prior distributions can formally be incorporated into stock assessments to inform estimation of steepness. In the present study, we used a meta-analytic approach to compute a prior distribution of steepness, focusing on marine demersal fishes. We similarly computed a prior distribution of maximum lifetime reproductive rate, a parameter inextricably related to steepness. In addition, we tested relationships between steepness and two life-history parameters linked to longevity-natural mortality and age at maturity-to examine the common assumption that long-lived, "K-selected" species have lower steepness values. In neither case was steepness significantly related to the life-history parameter. Our results should be directly applicable in stock assessments that apply the Beverton-Holt (or Ricker) function to marine demersal fishes, such as reef-associated species of the southeast United States in Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico waters. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Kyle.Shertzer@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1019 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 879TR UT WOS:000299355600003 ER PT J AU Hannan, KM Driggers, WB Hanisko, DS Jones, LM Canning, AB AF Hannan, Kristin M. Driggers, William B., III Hanisko, David S. Jones, Lisa M. Canning, Amanda B. TI DISTRIBUTION OF THE NURSE SHARK, GINGLYMOSTOMA CIRRATUM, IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EAST-COAST AB The distribution of nurse sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonaterre, 1778), in the northern Gulf of Mexico was examined using fisheries-independent bottom longline data collected from 1995 to 2009. Results indicate that nurse sharks are most abundant in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and their occurrence is relatively rare west of the Mississippi River Delta. While the eastern Gulf of Mexico had significantly different abiotic characteristics than the central and western regions, it is hypothesized that nurse shark distribution in the Gulf of Mexico is most associated with hard bottom substrate. Most nurse sharks were captured in groups of two or more individuals, indicating this species frequently aggregates. Nurse sharks in the region likely aggregate in response to prey availability, rather than for predator avoidance or mating purposes. C1 [Hannan, Kristin M.; Driggers, William B., III; Hanisko, David S.; Jones, Lisa M.; Canning, Amanda B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Hannan, KM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM kristin.hannan@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1033 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 879TR UT WOS:000299355600007 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Davis, MH Booker, CJ AF Stoner, Allan W. Davis, Martha H. Booker, Catherine J. TI NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF ALLEE EFFECT ARE COMPOUNDED BY FISHING PRESSURE: COMPARISON OF QUEEN CONCH REPRODUCTION IN FISHING GROUNDS AND A MARINE PROTECTED AREA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; STROMBUS-GIGAS; POPULATION RECOVERY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; LARVAL PRODUCTION; MATURITY; STOCK; SIZE; AGE; SUSTAINABILITY AB Relationships between density of mature adults and mating frequency in queen conch (Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758) were observed at three sites in the central Bahamas including one no-take marine reserve (Exuma Gays Land and Sea Park) and two historically important fishing grounds (Berry Islands and Andros Island). No mating was observed in arty one count with density < 47 adults ha(-1), consistent with an earlier study suggesting a mate-finding Allee effect in queen conch. The unfished site had larger and older conch, and mating at that site increased rapidly with adult density, reaching an asymptote at 12%-14% of the population mating at highest density levels. Logistic modeling showed that a 90% probability of mating occurred at 100 adults ha(-1). Mating frequencies increased more slowly with density on the fishing grounds; asymptotic mating frequencies were 6.3% in the Berry Islands and just 2.3% at Andros Island. In contrast to the marine reserve, 90% probability of mating required 350 and 570 adults ha(-1) at Andros Island and the Berry Islands, respectively. Higher densities required for successful mating in the fished areas were associated with numerical dominance by small, thick-shelled adults. The small phenotype in adults appears to result from selectivity imposed by fishing pressure, and those adults had low mating frequencies, compounding the density effect on reproduction. Because releases of hatchery-reared queen conch have not been successful, preserving the integrity of spawner density and population structure will be critical for conch conservation. C1 [Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Davis, Martha H.] Community Conch, Littleton, CO 80121 USA. [Booker, Catherine J.] Community Conch, Savannah, GA 31405 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Al.Stoner@noaa.gov FU NOAA (US Department of Commerce); Bahamas Department of Marine Resources (DMR); Bahamas National Trust; Nature Conservancy's Northern Caribbean Office; Community Conch FX This study was supported with funds and logistical assistance from the National Undersea Research Program of NOAA (US Department of Commerce), The Bahamas Department of Marine Resources (DMR), The Bahamas National Trust, The Nature Conservancy's Northern Caribbean Office, and Community Conch. DMR provided assistance from L Anderson and J Dillet, and a small boat for surveys in the Berry Islands and Andros Island. Exuma Gays diving was directed by M Ray-Culp, assisted by E Bartels, T Hall, L Hambrick, R Jones, C Kuiken, and N Mehta. H Bethel, A Davis, L Davis, and K Finalyson, A McLean, T Thompson, and A Vellacott assisted with diving in the Berry Islands and Andros Island. M Vandenrydt was critical as boat captain, chief engineer, and diver for the project in the Berry Islands and Andros Island. We are also grateful to a long list of community members and fishers at each of the sites who provided help with travel, logistics, and guidance on queen conch distribution. We thank RA Glazer who participated in extensive discussion on the subject of density-dependent reproduction and three anonymous reviewers who provided thoughtful criticism. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 38 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1044 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 879TR UT WOS:000299355600009 ER PT J AU Kellison, GT McDonough, V Harper, DE Tilmant, JT AF Kellison, G. T. McDonough, V. Harper, D. E. Tilmant, J. T. TI CORAL REEF FISH ASSEMBLAGE SHIFTS AND DECLINES IN BISCAYNE NATIONAL PARK, FLORIDA, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAPID VISUAL TECHNIQUE; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; MARINE RESERVES; ECOSYSTEMS; KEYS; COMMUNITIES; DEGRADATION; RESILIENCE; RECOVERY; IMPACTS AB Reef fish assemblage structure was assessed in 2006-2007 ("recent" period) in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, and compared with data collected from 1977 to 1981 ("historical" period) from the same location. Substantial differences were observed in reef fish assemblage structure between periods. Sixty-four percent of species were observed less frequently in the recent period. Mean species richness per survey declined at all sites, with declines ranging from 9% to 27%. Declines of fishery-targeted species were also observed and were consistent with but not greater than those observed for the reef fish assemblage as a whole. The observed declines appeared to be assemblage-wide, as a majority of species within all trophic guilds examined (spongivores, planktivores, herbivores, omnivores, invertivores, generalist carnivores, and piscivores) declined in frequency of occurrence between periods, with declines ranging from 55% of species for piscivores to 75% for omnivores. Mean number of species per survey declined for all guilds but herbivores, and ranged from a 14% decline for piscivores to 67% for planktivores. The declines observed in the present study are conceptually consistent with, but more extensive than, those recently documented for the Caribbean region as a whole and with those expected in coral reef systems that are heavily utilized by humans. C1 [Kellison, G. T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [McDonough, V.] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. [Harper, D. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tilmant, J. T.] Natl Pk Serv, Div Water Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Kellison, GT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM todd.kellison@noaa.gov FU South Florida; Caribbean Network FX We thank S Moneysmith, H Tritt, D McClellan, L Harman, J Javech, N Baertlein, H Balchowsky, J Bohnsack, G Davenport, D Grenda, T Jackson, M Judge, V Koch, S Robbins, and J Schull for assistance completing fish surveys; BNP for providing research vessels and scuba tank air fills, E Alvear (BNP) and M Patterson (NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program, South Florida and Caribbean Network) for funding the transition of historical data into electronic format, R Curry for assistance in locating survey sites and obtaining NPS permits, and J Patterson for creating Figure 1. This work was conducted under BNP permit numbers BISC-2006-SCI-0007 and BISC-2007-SCI-0017. We thank the editors of Bulletin of Marine Science, J Bohnsack, A Chester, and multiple anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and criticisms on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 147 EP 182 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1027 PG 36 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 879TR UT WOS:000299355600013 ER PT J AU Huang, BH Hu, ZZ Kinter, JL Wu, ZH Kumar, A AF Huang, Bohua Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kinter, James L., III Wu, Zhaohua Kumar, Arun TI Connection of stratospheric QBO with global atmospheric general circulation and tropical SST. Part I: methodology and composite life cycle SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Stratospheric QBO; Tropical Pacific SST; Walker circulation; Deep convection; Atmospheric stability; ERA40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ENSO VARIABILITY; NCEP REANALYSES; DEEP CONVECTION; PHASE-SPACE; EL-NINO; MODEL AB The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and its association with the interannual variability in the stratosphere and troposphere, as well as in tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), are examined in the context of a QBO life cycle. The analysis is based on the ERA40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses, radiosonde observations at Singapore, and other observation-based datasets. Both reanalyses reproduce the QBO life cycle and its associated variability in the stratosphere reasonably well, except that some long-term changes are detected only in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. In order to separate QBO from variability on other time scales and to eliminate the long-term changes, a scale separation technique [Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD)] is applied to the raw data. The QBO component of zonal wind anomalies at 30 hPa, extracted using the EEMD method, is defined as a QBO index. Using this index, the QBO life cycle composites of stratosphere and troposphere variables, as well as SSTA, are constructed and examined. The composite features in the stratosphere are generally consistent with previous investigations. The correlations between the QBO and tropical Pacific SSTA depend on the phase in a QBO life cycle. On average, cold (warm) SSTA peaks about half a year after the maximum westerlies (easterlies) at 30 hPa. The connection of the QBO with the troposphere seems to be associated with the differences of temperature anomalies between the stratosphere and troposphere. While the anomalies in the stratosphere propagate downward systematically, some anomalies in the troposphere develop and expand vertically. Therefore, it is possible that the temperature difference between the troposphere and stratosphere may alter the atmospheric stability and tropical deep convection, which modulates the Walker circulation and SSTA in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kinter, James L., III] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Wu, Zhaohua] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wu, Zhaohua] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Suite 605,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@NOAA.GOV RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Wu, Zhaohua/N-7102-2013; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Wu, Zhaohua/0000-0003-1660-0724 FU NOAA CVP [NA07OAR4310310]; NSF [ATM-0830062, ATM-0830068, ATM-0917743, AGS-1139479]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX Thanks go to James M. Wallace, Shuntai Zhou, Amy Butler, Xiaosong Yang, Cristiana Stan, and Jian Lu for their useful discussion and suggestions. This work was supported by the NOAA CVP Program (NA07OAR4310310) (Hu, Huang), as well as NSF ATM-0830062 (Huang, Kinter), NSF ATM-0830068, NOAA NA09OAR4310058, NASA NNX09AN50G (Hu, Huang, Kinter), NSF ATM-0917743 and AGS-1139479 (Wu). NR 63 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1250-7 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871QQ UT WOS:000298753200001 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Huang, BH Kinter, JL Wu, ZH Kumar, A AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Huang, Bohua Kinter, James L., III Wu, Zhaohua Kumar, Arun TI Connection of the stratospheric QBO with global atmospheric general circulation and tropical SST. Part II: interdecadal variations SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Stratospheric QBO; Tropical Pacific SST; Interdecadal variation; Walker circulation; Tropical deep convection; ERA40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses; ENSO ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ENSO VARIABILITY; NCEP REANALYSES; PHASE-SPACE; FREQUENCY; SHIFT; MODEL AB The interdecadal variation of the association of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) with tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTA) and with the general circulation in the troposphere and lower stratosphere is examined using the ERA40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses, as well as other observation-based analyses. It is found that the relationship between the QBO and tropical SSTA changed once around 1978-1980, and again in 1993-1995. During 1966-1974, negative correlation between the QBO and NINO3.4 indices reached its maximum when the NINO3.4 index lagged the QBO by less than 6 months. Correspondingly, the positive correlations were observed when the NINO3.4 index led the QBO by about 11-13 months or lagged by about 12-18 months. However, maximum negative correlations were shifted from the NINO3.4 index lagging the QBO by about 0-6 months during 1966-1974 to about 3-12 months during 1985-1992. During 1975-1979, both the negative and positive correlations were relatively small and the QBO and ENSO were practically unrelated to each other. The phase-based QBO life cycle composites also confirm that, on average, there are two phase (6-7 months) delay in the evolution of the QBO-associated anomalous Walker circulation, tropical SST, atmospheric stability, and troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature anomalies during 1980-1994 in comparison with those in 1957-1978. The interdecadal variation of the association between the QBO and the troposphere variability may be largely due to the characteristic change of El Nio-Southern Oscillation. The irregularity of the QBO may play a secondary role in the interdecadal variation of the association. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wu, Zhaohua] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wu, Zhaohua] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Room 605,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Wu, Zhaohua/N-7102-2013; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Wu, Zhaohua/0000-0003-1660-0724 FU NOAA CVP [NA07OAR4310310]; NSF [ATM-0830062, ATM-0830068, ATM-0917743]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX Thanks go to James M. Wallace, Shuntai Zhou, Amy Butler, Michelle L'Heureux, Cristiana Stan, Xiaosong Yang, and Jian Lu for their useful discussion and suggestions. This work was supported by the NOAA CVP Program (NA07OAR4310310) (Hu and Huang), as well as NSF ATM-0830062 (Huang and Kinter), NSF ATM-0830068, NOAA NA09OAR4310058, NASA NNX09AN50G (Hu, Huang, and Kinter), and NSF ATM-0917743 (Wu). NR 27 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1073-6 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871QQ UT WOS:000298753200002 ER PT J AU Christenson, RH Bunk, DM Schimmel, H Tate, JR AF Christenson, Robert H. Bunk, David M. Schimmel, Heinz Tate, Jillian R. CA IFCC Working Grp Standardization T TI POINT - Put Simply, Standardization of Cardiac Troponin I Is Complicated SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATE REFERENCE MATERIALS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ASSAYS; HARMONIZATION C1 [Christenson, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Labs Pathol,Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bunk, David M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schimmel, Heinz] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Tate, Jillian R.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Herston, Qld, Australia. RP Christenson, RH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Labs Pathol,Dept Pathol, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM rchristenson@umm.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2011.166140 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 875RQ UT WOS:000299052700028 PM 21940656 ER PT J AU Weis, JS Candelmo, A AF Weis, Judith S. Candelmo, Allison TI Pollutants and fish predator/prey behavior: A review of laboratory and field approaches SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Predator; Feeding; Prey; Pollution; Activity; Trophic ID MUMMICHOGS FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PREY CAPTURE ABILITY; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; FATHEAD MINNOWS; POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Fish behavior can be altered by contaminants. There is an extensive literature on laboratory behavioral assays, with many chemicals impairing feeding or predator avoidance. However, there is not extensive work on fishes that live in contaminated environments. Therefore, we then review our recent research on feeding and trophic relations of populations from contaminated estuaries compared with relatively unpolluted sites. The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, is a non-migratory fish; those from more contaminated areas are poor predators and slower to capture active prey (grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio). In the field, they consume much detritus and sediment, which is not nutritious. They are less active than fish from cleaner sites and more vulnerable to predation. They have altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitter levels, which may underlie altered behaviors. Fish from the reference site kept in tanks with sediment and food from the polluted site showed bioaccumulation and reduced prey capture after two months, although fish from the polluted site did not show significant improvement when maintained in a clean environment. Poor nutrition and predator avoidance may be responsible for their being smaller and having a shorter life span than reference fish. Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix, are a marine species in which the young-of-the-year spend their first summer in estuaries. We found bioaccumulation of contaminants and reduced activity, schooling, and feeding in young-of-the-year bluefish from a relatively unpolluted site that were fed prey fish from a contaminated site. They also had altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitter levels. Many field-caught specimens had empty stomachs, which is rare in this species. In the fall, when they migrate back out to the ocean, they are smaller, slower, and more likely to starve or to be eaten than those that spent their summer in cleaner estuaries [Current Zoology 58 (1): 9-20, 2012]. C1 [Weis, Judith S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Candelmo, Allison] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James Howard Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Weis, JS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jweis@andromeda.rutgers.edu FU NJ Sea Grant Program; NOAA; Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS); Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute (MERI) FX We appreciate the assistance of numerous undergraduate students and of the staff at the James Howard NOAA Laboratory at Sandy Hook New Jersey. We are grateful for the help of Dr. Peddrick Weis with thyroid histology. This research received funding from the NJ Sea Grant Program, the NOAA CMER Program, The Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS), and the Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute (MERI). NR 78 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 39 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 877TA UT WOS:000299204400003 ER PT J AU Levin, PS Horne, P Andrews, KS Williams, G AF Levin, Phillip S. Horne, Peter Andrews, Kelly S. Williams, Greg TI An empirical movement model for sixgill sharks in Puget Sound: Combining observed and unobserved behavior SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hexanchus griseus; Movement; Correlated random walk; Biased random walk; Displacement; Movement model ID HEXANCHUS-GRISEUS; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEM; TIGER SHARKS; HABITAT USE; MARINE CONSERVATION; LEMON SHARKS; RANDOM-WALKS; REEF SHARKS; HOME-RANGE AB Understanding the movement of animals is fundamental to population and community ecology. Historically, it has been difficult to quantify movement patterns of most fishes, but technological advances in acoustic telemetry have increased our abilities to monitor their movement. In this study, we combined small-scale active acoustic tracking with large-scale passive acoustic monitoring to develop an empirical movement model for sixgill sharks in Puget Sound, WA, USA. We began by testing whether a correlated random walk model described the daily movement of sixgills; however, the model failed to capture home-ranging behavior. We added this behavior and used the resultant model (a biased random walk model) to determine whether daily movement patterns are able to explain large-scale seasonal movement. The daily model did not explain the larger-scale patterns of movement observed in the passive monitoring data. In order to create the large-scale patterns, sixgills must have performed behaviors (large, fast directed movements) that were unobserved during small-scale active tracking. In addition, seasonal shifts in location were not captured by the daily model. We added these 'unobserved' behaviors to the model and were able to capture large-scale seasonal movement of sixgill sharks over 150 days. The development of empirical models of movement allows researchers to develop hypotheses and test mechanisms responsible for a species movement behavior and spatial distribution. This knowledge will increase our ability to successfully manage species of concern [Current Zoology 58 (1): 103-115, 2012]. C1 [Levin, Phillip S.; Horne, Peter; Andrews, Kelly S.; Williams, Greg] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.levin@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 FU NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank the crew members of the R/V Harold Streeter for safe collection of sharks throughout this research; and S. Larson, J. Christiansen, J. Hollander, D. Farrer and G. Bargmann for collaborative efforts during our sixgill research. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments to improve the content of this manuscript. PSL thanks R. Hesjedal for his preparation and professionalism. This work was supported by the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1 BP 103 EP 115 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 877TA UT WOS:000299204400012 ER PT J AU Amarin, RA Jones, WL El-Nimri, SF Johnson, JW Ruf, CS Miller, TL Uhlhorn, E AF Amarin, Ruba A. Jones, W. Linwood El-Nimri, Salem Fawwaz Johnson, James W. Ruf, Christopher S. Miller, Timothy L. Uhlhorn, Eric TI Hurricane Wind Speed Measurements in Rainy Conditions Using the Airborne Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hurricane imaging; hurricane imaging radiometer (HIRAD); hurricanes wind speed retrievals; synthetic aperture radiometry ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; OCEAN AB This paper describes a realistic computer simulation of airborne hurricane surveillance using the recently developed microwave remote sensor, the hurricane imaging radiometer (HIRAD). An end-to-end simulation is described of HIRAD wind speed and rain rate measurements during two hurricanes while flying on a high-altitude aircraft. This simulation addresses the particular challenge which is accurate hurricane wind speed measurements in the presence of intense rain rates. The objective of this research is to develop baseline retrieval algorithms and provide a wind speed measurement accuracy assessment for future hurricane flights including the NASA GRIP hurricane field program that was conducted in summer of 2010. Examples of retrieved hurricane wind speed and rain rate images are presented, and comparisons of the retrieved parameters with two different numerical hurricane models data are made. Special emphasis is provided on the wind speed measurement error, and statistical results are presented over a broad range of wind and rain conditions over the full measurement swath (earth incidence angle). C1 [Amarin, Ruba A.; Jones, W. Linwood; El-Nimri, Salem Fawwaz; Johnson, James W.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ruf, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Miller, Timothy L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Amarin, RA (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM ramarin@mail.ucf.edu; ljones@ucf.edu; selnimri@knights.ucf.edu; jwjohnson.8443@gmail.com; cruf@umich.edu; tim.miller@nasa.gov; eric.uhlhorn@noaa.gov RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012; Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 FU NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; Von Braun Center for Science and Innovation; Von Braun Center for Science and Innovation, Huntsville, AL FX This work was supported by the HIRAD Project of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center under a contract with the Von Braun Center for Science and Innovation.; This work was sponsored under Grants from the Von Braun Center for Science and Innovation, Huntsville, AL. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 180 EP 192 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2161637 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 872BS UT WOS:000298782000015 ER PT J AU Huber, HP Humer, I Hochleitner, M Fenner, M Moertelmaier, M Rankl, C Imtiaz, A Wallis, TM Tanbakuchi, H Hinterdorfer, P Kabos, P Smoliner, J Kopanski, JJ Kienberger, F AF Huber, H. P. Humer, I. Hochleitner, M. Fenner, M. Moertelmaier, M. Rankl, C. Imtiaz, A. Wallis, T. M. Tanbakuchi, H. Hinterdorfer, P. Kabos, P. Smoliner, J. Kopanski, J. J. Kienberger, F. TI Calibrated nanoscale dopant profiling using a scanning microwave microscope SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CAPACITANCE-MICROSCOPY AB The scanning microwave microscope is used for calibrated capacitance spectroscopy and spatially resolved dopant profiling measurements. It consists of an atomic force microscope combined with a vector network analyzer operating between 1-20 GHz. On silicon semiconductor calibration samples with doping concentrations ranging from 10(15) to 10(20) atoms/cm(3), calibrated capacitance-voltage curves as well as derivative dC/dV curves were acquired. The change of the capacitance and the dC/dV signal is directly related to the dopant concentration allowing for quantitative dopant profiling. The method was tested on various samples with known dopant concentration and the resolution of dopant profiling determined to 20% while the absolute accuracy is within an order of magnitude. Using a modeling approach the dopant profiling calibration curves were analyzed with respect to varying tip diameter and oxide thickness allowing for improvements of the calibration accuracy. Bipolar samples were investigated and nano-scale defect structures and p-n junction interfaces imaged showing potential applications for the study of semiconductor device performance and failure analysis. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3672445] C1 [Fenner, M.; Moertelmaier, M.; Rankl, C.; Tanbakuchi, H.; Kienberger, F.] Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Huber, H. P.; Hochleitner, M.; Hinterdorfer, P.] Univ Linz, Christian Doppler Lab Nanoscop Methods Biophys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Humer, I.; Smoliner, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Solid State Elect, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Imtiaz, A.; Wallis, T. M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kopanski, J. J.] NIST, Semicond Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kienberger, F (reprint author), Agilent Technol, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. EM ferry_kienberger@agilent.com RI Hinterdorfer, Peter/C-4235-2013 FU Austrian Christian Doppler Society FX We thank Gerald Kada, Shijie Wu, Michael Dieudonne, and Dirk Orgassa from Agilent Technologies for technical support. This work was financially supported by the Austrian Christian Doppler Society. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1 AR 014301 DI 10.1063/1.3672445 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876SE UT WOS:000299127200089 ER PT J AU Wang, H Kumar, A Wang, WQ Xue, Y AF Wang, Hui Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu Xue, Yan TI Seasonality of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN INTERACTION; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; NORTH PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; FORECAST SYSTEM; CLIMATE; MODEL AB The seasonality of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is examined using North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) in observations and in a 480-yr simulation with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) coupled model. The PDO, both in observations and in the CFS, shows similar seasonality, with increasing SST variance during spring and a maximum in late spring and early summer. The vertical structure of the ocean temperature anomaly associated with the PDO in the CFS displays a significant transition from a deep to a shallow structure during late spring, consistent with the seasonal variation of the mean ocean mixed layer depth (MLD). An analysis of atmospheric surface wind and SST anomalies from the CFS simulation indicates that there is a 1-month delay in the PDO-related SST response to the atmospheric wind forcing. The results based on the CFS simulation are generally consistent with observations, including both atmospheric data from the NCEP/Department of Energy (DOE) Global Reanalysis 2 (GR-2) and ocean data from the NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS). The 1-month delay together with the seasonal variation of the mean MLD tends to amplify the PDO-related SST response to the atmospheric surface wind in late spring to early summer, and the combination leads to the maximum variability of the PDO, which is a 3-month delay from the peak phase of the surface wind in February and March. C1 [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu; Xue, Yan] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 FU NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB) FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB) Program. We thank Drs. Zeng-Zhen Hu, Caihong Wen, and Scott J. Weaver; three anonymous reviewers; and the editor for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 46 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4092.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TG UT WOS:000299130000003 ER PT J AU Schmidtko, S Johnson, GC AF Schmidtko, Sunke Johnson, Gregory C. TI Multidecadal Warming and Shoaling of Antarctic Intermediate Water SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWEST PACIFIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; INDIAN-OCEAN; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; DECADAL CHANGES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MASS CHANGES; THERMOCLINE; CIRCULATION AB Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is a dominant Southern Hemisphere water mass that spreads from its formation regions just north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to at least 20 degrees S in all oceans. This study uses an isopycnal climatology constructed from Argo conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profile data to define the current state of the AAIW salinity minimum (its core) and thence compute anomalies of AAIW core pressure, potential temperature, salinity, and potential density since the mid-1970s from ship-based CTD profiles. The results are used to calculate maps of temporal property trends at the AAIW core, where statistically significant strong circumpolar shoaling (30-50 dbar decade(-1)), warming (0.05 degrees-0.15 degrees C decade(-1)), and density reductions [up to -0.03 (kg m(-3)) decade(-1)] are found. These trends are strongest just north of the ACC in the southeast Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and decrease equatorward. Salinity trends are generally small, with their sign varying regionally. Bottle data are used to extend the AAIW core potential temperature anomaly analysis back to 1925 in the Atlantic and to similar to 1960 elsewhere. The modern warm AAIW core conditions appear largely unprecedented in the historical record: biennially and zonally binned median AAIW core potential temperatures within each ocean basin are, with the notable exception of the subtropical South Atlantic in the 1950s-70s, 0.2-1 degrees C colder than modern values. Zonally averaged sea surface temperature anomalies around the AAIW formation latitudes in each ocean and sectoral southern annular mode indices are used to put the AAIW core property trends and variations into context. C1 [Schmidtko, Sunke; Johnson, Gregory C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Schmidtko, S (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM s.schmidtko@uea.ac.uk RI Schmidtko, Sunke/F-3355-2011; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Schmidtko, Sunke/0000-0003-3272-7055; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research FX Float data used here were collected and made freely available by Argo (http://www.argo.net/), a program of the Global Ocean Observing System, and contributing national programs. Our heartfelt thanks go to all those who helped to collect, calibrate, and process Argo, WOCE, and GO-SHIP data analyzed here. Comments of two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research supported this analysis. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 207 EP 221 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00021.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TG UT WOS:000299130000013 ER PT J AU Li, Y Lau, NC AF Li, Ying Lau, Ngar-Cheung TI Impact of ENSO on the Atmospheric Variability over the North Atlantic in Late Winter-Role of Transient Eddies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE STORM TRACKS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; EXTRATROPICAL SST ANOMALIES; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; LEVEL PRESSURE ANOMALIES; EL-NINO; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; SEASONAL DEPENDENCE AB The dynamical mechanism for the late-winter teleconnection between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is examined using the output from a 2000-yr integration of a coupled general circulation model (GCM). The coupled model captures many salient features of the observed behavior of both ENSO and NAO, as well as their impact on the surface climate in late winter. Both the observational and model data indicate more occurrences of negative phase of NAO in late winter during El Nino events, and positive NAO in La Nina episodes. The potential role of high-frequency transient eddies in the above teleconnection is diagnosed. During El Nino winters, the intensified transient disturbances along the equatorward-shifted North Pacific storm track extend their influences farther downstream. The eddy-induced negative height tendencies are found to be more coherent and stronger over North Atlantic than that over North Pacific. These negative height tendencies over the North Atlantic are coincident with the southern lobe of NAO, and thus favor more occurrences of negative NAO events. During those El Nino winters with relatively strong SST warming in eastern equatorial Pacific, the eastward extension of eddy activity is reinforced by the enhanced near-surface baroclinicity over the subtropical eastern Pacific. This flow environment supports a stronger linkage between the Pacific and Atlantic storm tracks, and is more conducive to a negative NAO phase. These model results are supported by a parallel analysis of various observational datasets. It is further demonstrated that these transient eddy effects can be reproduced in atmospheric GCM integrations subjected to ENSO-related SST forcing in the tropical Pacific. C1 [Li, Ying] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM yingl@princeton.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS) at Princeton University FX This work was supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS) at Princeton University. We thank Rym Msadek, Isaac Held, Andrew Wittenberg, and Thomas Delworth for constructive and thoughtful comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We are indebted to Mary Jo Nath, who helped with the implementation of the AM2.1 experiments described here, and assisted in the analysis phase of this endeavor. We would also like to thank Mike Alexander and the three anonymous referees for their thorough reviews and insightful comments, which have led to considerable improvements in this work. NR 104 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 320 EP 342 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00037.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TG UT WOS:000299130000020 ER PT J AU Karnauskas, KB Johnson, GC Murtugudde, R AF Karnauskas, Kristopher B. Johnson, Gregory C. Murtugudde, Raghu TI An Equatorial Ocean Bottleneck in Global Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; SST; TELECONNECTIONS; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS AB The Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) is a major component of the tropical Pacific Ocean circulation. EUC velocity in most global climate models is sluggish relative to observations. Insufficient ocean resolution slows the EUC in the eastern Pacific where nonlinear terms should dominate the zonal momentum balance. A slow EUC in the east creates a bottleneck for the EUC to the west. However, this bottleneck does not impair other major components of the tropical circulation, including upwelling and poleward transport. In most models, upwelling velocity and poleward transport divergence fall within directly estimated uncertainties. Both of these transports :play a critical role in a theory for how the tropical Pacific may change under increased radiative forcing, that is, the ocean dynamical thermostat mechanism. These findings suggest that, in the mean, global climate models may not underrepresent the role of equatorial ocean circulation, nor perhaps bias the balance between competing mechanisms for how the tropical Pacific might change in the future. Implications for model improvement under higher resolution are also discussed. C1 [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Karnauskas, KB (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MS 23, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kk@whoi.edu RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; J. Lamar Worzel Assistant Scientist Fund; NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NASA PO FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank all who helped collect, process, and calibrate the observational data used here. T. Busalacchi and R. Seager, and the anonymous reviewers all made helpful comments. J. Carton and B. Giese provided and discussed the SODA reanalysis. KBK gratefully acknowledges the J. Lamar Worzel Assistant Scientist Fund. GCJ is supported by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA. RM gratefully acknowledges the generous support and hospitality of the Divecha Centre for Climate Change and CAOS at IISc, Bangalore, and partial support by NASA PO grants. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00059.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TG UT WOS:000299130000021 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ Lumpkin, R AF Foltz, Gregory R. McPhaden, Michael J. Lumpkin, Rick TI A Strong Atlantic Meridional Mode Event in 2009: The Role of Mixed Layer Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; VARIABILITY; SST; ANOMALIES; CIRCULATION AB In the first half of 2009, anomalous cooling of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial North Atlantic (ENA; 2 degrees-12 degrees N) triggered a strong Atlantic meridional mode event. During its peak in April-May, SSTs in the ENA were 1 degrees C colder than normal and SSTs in the equatorial South Atlantic (5 degrees S-0 degrees) were 0.5 degrees C warmer than normal. Associated with the SST gradient were anomalous northerly winds, an anomalous southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone, and severe flooding in Northeast Brazil. This study uses in situ and satellite observations to examine the mechanisms responsible for the anomalous cooling in the ENA during boreal winter and spring of 2009. It is found that the cooling was initiated by stronger than normal trade winds during January and February 2009 associated with an anomalous strengthening of the subtropical North Atlantic high pressure system. Between 6 degrees and 12 degrees N, unusually strong trade winds cooled the ocean through wind-induced evaporation and deepened the mixed layer anomalously by 5-20 m. Closer to the equator, surface equatorial winds responded to the anomalous interhemispheric SST gradient, becoming northwesterly between the equator and 6 degrees N. The anomalous winds drove upwelling of 0.5-1 m day(-1) during March-April, a period when there is normally weak downwelling. The associated vertical turbulent heat flux at the base of the mixed layer led to unusually cool SSTs in the central basin, further strengthening the anomalous interhemispheric SST gradient. These results emphasize the importance of mixed layer dynamics in the evolution of the meridional mode event of 2009 and the potential for positive coupled feedbacks between wind-induced upwelling and SST in the ENA. C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.; Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 363 EP 380 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00150.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TG UT WOS:000299130000023 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Sunila, I Wikfors, GH AF Roberts, Steven B. Sunila, Inke Wikfors, Gary H. TI Immune response and mechanical stress susceptibility in diseased oysters, Crassostrea virginica SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oyster; Stress; Gene expression; Immune; Hemocyte ID PARASITE PERKINSUS-MARINUS; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; EASTERN OYSTERS; DERMOCYSTIDIUM-MARINUM; HEMOCYTES; GIGAS; GENE; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; INFECTION; DERMO AB Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, naturally infected with the parasite Perkinsus marinus were subjected to a mechanical stress by centrifugation, and immune parameters, pathological conditions, and gene expression of selected transcripts were compared to uninfected controls. Immune parameters were assessed by flow cytometry, pathology and parasites by histotechnology and fluid thioglycollate assays, and gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Irrespective of mechanical stress, an increased number of hemocytes were observed in P. marinus-infected oysters that corresponded to increased expression of genes that have been shown to be involved in inflammation and apoptosis, two processes associated with regulating immune cell populations. Mechanically stressed, diseased oysters showed histological gill abnormalities and aggregations of hemocytes in tissues not seen in stressed, uninfected oysters. Expression of a high-mobility group protein and hemocyte phagocytosis were significantly upregulated upon mechanical stress only in uninfected oysters. The results of this study demonstrate the role of inflammation in the oyster immune response including possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of considering mechanical stressors when characterizing oyster immune function. C1 [Roberts, Steven B.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Sunila, Inke] Bur Aquaculture, Dept Agr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1140 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sr320@uw.edu OI Roberts, Steven/0000-0001-8302-1138 FU Cooperative State Research Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture [2003-38500-13505 (SR)] FX The technical assistance provided by Christina Romano, Jennifer Alix, April Croxton, Yaqin Li, Shannon Meseck, and Barry Smith is greatly appreciated. The authors would also like to acknowledge the beneficial comments of the three anonymous reviewers. This research was supported in part by the Cooperative State Research Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2003-38500-13505 (SR). NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 182 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s00360-011-0605-z PG 8 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 879LZ UT WOS:000299332000002 PM 21853237 ER PT J AU Rahane, SB Hensarling, RM Sparks, BJ Stafford, CM Patton, DL AF Rahane, Santosh B. Hensarling, Ryan M. Sparks, Bradley J. Stafford, Christopher M. Patton, Derek L. TI Synthesis of multifunctional polymer brush surfaces via sequential and orthogonal thiol-click reactions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; DIELS-ALDER; CHEMISTRY; ENE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; DENDRIMERS; EFFICIENT; FACILE AB Fabrication of multifunctional surfaces with complexity approaching that found in nature requires the application of a modular approach to surface engineering. We describe a versatile post-polymerization modification strategy to synthesize multifunctional polymer brush surfaces via combination of surface-initiated photopolymerization (SIP) and orthogonal thiol-click reactions. Specifically, we demonstrate two routes to multifunctional brush surfaces: in the first approach, alkyne-functionalized homopolymer brushes are modified with multiple thiols via a statistical, radical-mediated thiol-yne co-click reaction; and in the second approach, statistical copolymer brushes carrying two distinctly-addressable reactive moieties are sequentially modified via orthogonal base-catalyzed thiol-X (where X represents an isocyanate, epoxy, or alpha-bromoester) and radical-mediated thiol-yne reactions. In both cases, we show that surface properties, in the form of wettability, can be easily tuned over a wide range by judicious choice of brush composition and thiol functionality. C1 [Rahane, Santosh B.; Hensarling, Ryan M.; Sparks, Bradley J.; Patton, Derek L.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patton, DL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RI Patton, Derek/E-8241-2013 OI Patton, Derek/0000-0002-8738-4750 FU NSF [DMR-1056817]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-1057]; U.S. Department of Education [P200A090066] FX This work was supported in part by NSF CAREER (DMR-1056817) and the Office of Naval Research (Award N00014-07-1-1057). RMH acknowledges fellowship support from the U.S. Department of Education GAANN program (Award #P200A090066). NR 53 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 8 U2 101 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 932 EP 943 DI 10.1039/c1jm14762e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 877WF UT WOS:000299212700023 ER PT J AU Simon, MJ Bright, VM Radebaugh, R Lee, YC AF Simon, M. J. Bright, V. M. Radebaugh, R. Lee, Y. C. TI An Analytical Model for a Piezoelectric Axially Driven Membrane Microcompressor for Optimum Scaled Down Design SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article DE microcompressor; piezoelectric; membrane; axially driven; model; compression ratio; stack actuator; PZT; lead zirconium titanate AB A new and comprehensive analytical model for membrane microcompressors driven axially by a single lead zirconium titanate (PZT) stack actuator that incorporates assembly variation errors is presented. The model can be used as a future design aid, to predict dynamic device performance as a function of error severity and as microcompressor dimensions are scaled down from the macro to micro scale. The major conclusion of this work is that since micro compressors can be made adjustable to achieve maximum compression ratio another factor besides assembly variation error reduces the achievable compression ratio. An analytical method to predict the maximum pressure to within similar to 5% of that experimentally measured is developed. Also, a numerical method to predict the maximum pressure to within similar to 0.6% of that experimentally measured is defined. Moreover, an analytical method to predict the compression ratio degradation factor as a function of assembly variation error for adjustable and fixed devices is presented. It is shown that compression ratio is a function of this single net error parameter, and that this function is scale invariant. The model also outputs membrane moments, vertical shear forces, and stresses throughout actuation cycles. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4005329] C1 [Simon, M. J.; Bright, V. M.; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Radebaugh, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Simon, MJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mjssimon@comcast.net NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 134 IS 1 AR 011006 DI 10.1115/1.4005329 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 874NN UT WOS:000298965400007 ER PT J AU Fan, MZ Schneider, EK AF Fan, Meizhu Schneider, Edwin K. TI Observed Decadal North Atlantic Tripole SST Variability. Part I: Weather Noise Forcing and Coupled Response SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; STOCHASTIC CLIMATE MODELS; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PREDICTABILITY; GCM; OSCILLATION AB The mechanisms responsible for the decadal variability of the tripole mode of North Atlantic SST during the latter half of the twentieth century are diagnosed using a new technique. The SST and associated ocean variability are reconstructed by forcing an interactive ensemble coupled GCM by the surface fluxes resulting from weather noise. The weather noise surface fluxes are obtained from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis by removing the simulated atmospheric feedback to the observed SST evolution. Simulations are performed to reconstruct and estimate the contributions of the local weather noise heat flux and wind stress to the observed evolution of the tripole pattern. The results indicate that the North Atlantic tripole pattern is forced primarily by the local weather noise surface heat flux. The roles of several types of ocean circulation variability, including gyres forced by the wind stress weather noise, the wind stress feedback to the SST, and the meridional overturning circulation, are also examined. Conclusions from this approach are expected to be model dependent. Further analysis, in the context of a simple model, of the mechanisms producing the tripole variability is presented in Part II. C1 [Schneider, Edwin K.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Fan, Meizhu] NOAA, NESDIS, CTR Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Schneider, EK (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM schneide@cola.iges.org FU NSF [ATM-0342104, ATM-0653123, 0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We thank Ben Kirtman for the use of his interactive ensemble version of the COLA CGCM and for his assistance in implementing the weather noise forcing in the model, and Mike Fennessy for his help in processing the reanalysis data. Suggestions of relevant publications made by Allessio Bellucci, Yochanan Kushir, and Hua Chen, and comments by Bohua Huang, are greatly appreciated. This research was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0342104, ATM-0653123, and 0830068, NOAA Grant NA09OAR4310058, and NASA Grant NNX09AN50G. The NCAR CISL provided computer resources for the simulations. Data analysis and plotting were done using GrADS. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-018.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TF UT WOS:000299129900003 ER PT J AU Schneider, EK Fan, MZ AF Schneider, Edwin K. Fan, Meizhu TI Observed Decadal North Atlantic Tripole SST Variability. Part II: Diagnosis of Mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; STOCHASTIC CLIMATE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANALYTICAL PROTOTYPES; MIDLATITUDES; OSCILLATION; GCM AB In Part I of this study, the atmospheric weather noise for 1951-2000 was inferred from an atmospheric analysis in conjunction with SST-forced AGCM simulations and used to force interactive ensemble coupled GCM simulations of the North Atlantic SST variability. Here, results from those calculations are used in conjunction with a simple stochastically forced coupled model of the decadal time scale North Atlantic tripole SST variability to examine the mechanisms associated with the tripole SST variability. The diagnosed tripole variability is found to be characterized by damped, delayed oscillator dynamics, similar to what has been found by other investigators. However, major differences here, affecting the signs of two of the crucial parameters of the simple model, are that the atmospheric heat flux feedback damps the tripole pattern and that a counter-clockwise intergyre gyre-like circulation enhances the tripole pattern. Delayed oscillator dynamics are still obtained because the sign of the dynamically important parameter, proportional to the product of these two parameters, is unchanged. Another difference with regard to the dynamical processes included in the simple model is that the major contribution to the ocean's dynamical heat flux response to the weather noise wind stress is through a delayed modulation of the mean gyres, rather than from the simultaneous intergyre gyre response. The power spectrum of a revised simple model forced by white noise has a less prominent decadal peak using the parameter values and dynamics diagnosed here than in previous investigations. Decadal time scale retrospective predictions made with this version of the simple model are no better than persistence. C1 [Schneider, Edwin K.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Schneider, Edwin K.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Fan, Meizhu] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Schneider, EK (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM schneide@cola.iges.org FU NSF [ATM-0342104, ATM-0653123, 0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We thank Ben Kirtman for the use of his interactive ensemble version of the COLA CGCM and for his assistance in implementing the weather noise forcing in the model, and Mike Fennessy for his help in processing the reanalysis data. Suggestions of relevant publications made by Allessio Bellucci, Yochanan Kushir, Hua Chen, and two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. This research was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0342104, ATM-0653123, and 0830068, NOAA Grant NA09OAR4310058, and NASA Grant NNX09AN50G. The NCAR CISL provided computer resources for the simulations. Data analysis and plotting were done using GrADS. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-019.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TF UT WOS:000299129900004 ER PT J AU Voigt, A Held, IM Marotzke, J AF Voigt, Aiko Held, Isaac M. Marotzke, Jochem TI Hadley Cell Dynamics in a Virtually Dry Snowball Earth Atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SHALLOW MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; PRIMITIVE EQUATION MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS; FLUXES; SCALE; FLOW AB The Hadley cell of a virtually dry snowball Earth atmosphere under equinox insolation is studied in a comprehensive atmospheric general circulation model. In contrast to the Hadley cell of modern Earth, momentum transport by dry convection, which is modeled as vertical diffusion of momentum, is important in the upper branch of the snowball Earth Hadley cell. In the zonal momentum balance, mean meridional advection of mean absolute vorticity is not only balanced by eddies but also by vertical diffusion of zonal momentum. Vertical diffusion also contributes to the meridional momentum balance by decelerating the Hadley cell through downgradient mixing of meridional momentum between its upper and lower branches. When vertical diffusion of momentum is suppressed in the upper branch, the Hadley cell strengthens by a factor of about 2. This is in line with the effect of vertical diffusion in the meridional momentum balance but in contrast with its effect in the zonal momentum balance. Neither axisymmetric Hadley cell theories based on angular momentum conservation nor eddy-permitting Hadley cell theories that neglect vertical diffusion of momentum are applicable to the snowball Earth Hadley cell. Because the snowball Earth Hadley cell is a particular realization of a dry Hadley cell, these results show that an appropriate description of dry Hadley cells should take into account vertical transport of momentum by dry convection. C1 [Voigt, Aiko; Marotzke, Jochem] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Voigt, Aiko] Int Max Planck Res Sch Earth Syst Modelling, Hamburg, Germany. [Held, Isaac M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Voigt, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM aiko.voigt@zmaw.de RI Voigt, Aiko/H-4691-2012 OI Voigt, Aiko/0000-0002-7394-8252 FU Max Planck Society; International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling FX We are grateful to the reviews by Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, Dorian S. Abbot, and one anonymous reviewer. We thank Bjorn Stevens for help with setting up the 62-level version of ECHAM5, Thorsten Mauritsen for help with implementing the short-tail stability function, and Jurgen Bader for comments and the internal review at MPI-M. This work was supported by the Max Planck Society and the International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling. A.V. thanks the IMPRS-ESM Guest and Exchange Program for financial support for a visit to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) in Princeton, New Jersey, USA, and GFDL for their hospitality. All simulations were performed at the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) in Hamburg, Germany. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 116 EP 128 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-083.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TF UT WOS:000299129900008 ER PT J AU Zuidema, P Li, ZJ Hill, RJ Bariteau, L Rilling, B Fairall, C Brewer, WA Albrecht, B Hare, J AF Zuidema, Paquita Li, Zhujun Hill, Reginald J. Bariteau, Ludovic Rilling, Bob Fairall, Chris Brewer, W. Alan Albrecht, Bruce Hare, Jeff TI On Trade Wind Cumulus Cold Pools SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CELLULAR STRUCTURES; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PACIFIC WARM POOL; SHALLOW CUMULUS; SUBCLOUD LAYER; PRECIPITATING CONVECTION; THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; TROPICAL OCEANS; WESTERN PACIFIC AB Shallow precipitating cumuli within the easterly trades were investigated using shipboard measurements, scanning radar data, and visible satellite imagery from 2 weeks in January 2005 of the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) experiment. Shipboard rainfall rates of up to 2 mm h(-1) were recorded almost daily, if only for 10-30 min typically, almost always from clouds within mesoscale arcs. The precipitating cumuli, capable of reaching above 4 km, cooled surface air by 1-2 K, in all cases lowered surface specific humidities by up to 1.5 g kg(-1), reduced surface equivalent potential temperatures by up to 6 K, and were often associated with short-lived increases in wind speed. Upper-level downdrafts were inferred to explain double-lobed moisture and temperature sounding profiles, as well as multiple inversions in wind profiler data. In two cases investigated further, the precipitating convection propagated faster westward than the mean surface wind by about 2-3 m s(-1), consistent with a density current of depth similar to 200 m. In their cold pool recovery zones, the surface air temperatures equilibrated with time to the sea surface temperatures, but the surface air specific humidities stayed relatively constant after initial quick recoveries. This suggested that entrainment of drier air from above fully compensated the moistening from surface latent heat fluxes. Recovery zone surface wind speeds and latent heat fluxes were not higher than environmental values. Nonprecipitating clouds developed after the surface buoyancy had recovered (barring encroachment of other convection). The mesoscale arcs favored atmospheres with higher water vapor paths. These observations differed from those of stratocumulus and deep tropical cumulus cold pools. C1 [Zuidema, Paquita; Li, Zhujun; Albrecht, Bruce] Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hill, Reginald J.; Bariteau, Ludovic] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rilling, Bob] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fairall, Chris; Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hare, Jeff] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Zuidema, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pzuidema@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; FU NSF-ATM [0735955]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by NSF-ATM Grant 0735955. GOES-12 satellite visible radiance data were provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. Comments from three anonymous reviewers usefully improved the manuscript; we thank them for their attention to detail. We thank Chris Bretherton for the suggestion of partitioning the cloud radar and sounding datasets by water vapor path and Bart Geerts for suggesting that RKW theory may be relevant for trade wind cumuli cloud line propagation. NR 57 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 258 EP 280 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0143.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TF UT WOS:000299129900016 ER PT J AU Sun, JL Mahrt, L Banta, RM Pichugina, YL AF Sun, Jielun Mahrt, Larry Banta, Robert M. Pichugina, Yelena L. TI Turbulence Regimes and Turbulence Intermittency in the Stable Boundary Layer during CASES-99 SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; DOPPLER LIDAR; VERTICAL VARIATIONS; GRAVITY-WAVES; SURFACE; VELOCITY; FLUXES; ENERGY; ATMOSPHERE; MOTIONS AB An investigation of nocturnal intermittent turbulence during the Cooperative Atmosphere Surface Exchange Study in 1999 (CASES-99) revealed three turbulence regimes at each observation height: 1) regime 1, a weak turbulence regime when the wind speed is less than a threshold value; 2) regime 2, a strong turbulence regime when the wind speed exceeds the threshold value; and 3) regime 3, a moderate turbulence regime when top-down turbulence sporadically bursts into the otherwise weak turbulence regime. For regime 1, the strength of small turbulence eddies is correlated with local shear and weakly related to local stratification. For regime 2, the turbulence strength increases systematically with wind speed as a result of turbulence generation by the bulk shear, which scales with the observation height. The threshold wind speed marks the transition above which the boundary layer approaches near-neutral conditions, where the turbulent mixing substantially reduces the stratification and temperature fluctuations. The preference of the turbulence regimes during CASES-99 is closely related to the existence and the strength of low-level jets. Because of the different roles of the bulk and local shear with regard to turbulence generation under different wind conditions, the relationship between turbulence strength and the local gradient Richardson number varies for the different turbulence regimes. Turbulence intermittency at any observation height was categorized in three ways: turbulence magnitude oscillations between regimes 1 and 2 as wind speed varies back and forth across its threshold value, episodic turbulence enhancements within regime 1 as a result of local instability, and downbursts of turbulence in regime 3. C1 [Sun, Jielun] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mahrt, Larry] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sun, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jsun@ucar.edu RI pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; FU U.S. Army Research Office [MIPR3KNSFAR057]; NOAA; National Science Foundation FX The study was supported by U.S. Army Research Office, MIPR3KNSFAR057, and the NOAA Air Quality Program. The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research manages the National Center for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 41 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 338 EP 351 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-082.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TF UT WOS:000299129900020 ER PT J AU Fridlind, AM van Diedenhoven, B Ackerman, AS Avramov, A Mrowiec, A Morrison, H Zuidema, P Shupe, MD AF Fridlind, Ann M. van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan Ackerman, Andrew S. Avramov, Alexander Mrowiec, Agnieszka Morrison, Hugh Zuidema, Paquita Shupe, Matthew D. TI A FIRE-ACE/SHEBA Case Study of Mixed-Phase Arctic Boundary Layer Clouds: Entrainment Rate Limitations on Rapid Primary Ice Nucleation Processes SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY; BULK MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGET; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; RADIATION BUDGET; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FALL SPEEDS AB Observations of long-lived mixed-phase Arctic boundary layer clouds on 7 May 1998 during the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment (FIRE)-Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE)/Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) campaign provide a unique opportunity to test understanding of cloud ice formation. Under the microphysically simple conditions observed (apparently negligible ice aggregation, sublimation, and multiplication), the only expected source of new ice crystals is activation of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) and the only sink is sedimentation. Large-eddy simulations with size-resolved microphysics are initialized with IN number concentration N-IN measured above cloud top, but details of IN activation behavior are unknown. If activated rapidly (in deposition, condensation, or immersion modes), as commonly assumed, IN are depleted from the well-mixed boundary layer within minutes. Quasi-equilibrium ice number concentration N-i is then limited to a small fraction of overlying N-IN that is determined by the cloud-top entrainment rate w(e) divided by the number-weighted ice fall speed at the surface upsilon(f). Because w(c) < 1 cm s(-1) and upsilon f > 10 cm s(-1), N-i/N-IN << 1. Such conditions may be common for this cloud type, which has implications for modeling IN diagnostically, interpreting measurements, and quantifying sensitivity to increasing N-IN (when w(e)/upsilon(f) < 1, entrainment rate limitations serve to buffer cloud system response). To reproduce observed ice crystal size distributions and cloud radar reflectivities with rapidly consumed IN in this case, the measured above-cloud N-IN must be multiplied by approximately 30. However, results are sensitive to assumed ice crystal properties not constrained by measurements. In addition, simulations do not reproduce the pronounced mesoscale heterogeneity in radar reflectivity that is observed. C1 [Fridlind, Ann M.; Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan; Avramov, Alexander; Mrowiec, Agnieszka] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zuidema, Paquita] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fridlind, AM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM ann.fridlind@nasa.gov RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Fridlind, Ann/E-1495-2012; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan/A-2002-2013; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan/0000-0001-5622-8619 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AI02-06ER64173, DE-AI02-08ER64547]; NASA; NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division; National Science Foundation; NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory; Naval Postgraduate School FX This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Fridlind and Ackerman were supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through Interagency Agreements DE-AI02-06ER64173 and DE-AI02-08ER64547, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. We thank the SHEBA Atmospheric Surface Flux Group, Ed Andreas, Chris Fairall, Peter Guest, and Ola Persson for collecting and processing the tower data. The National Science Foundation supported their research with grants to the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory, and the Naval Postgraduate School. NCEP reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 108 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 365 EP 389 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-052.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TF UT WOS:000299129900022 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Cooley, RI Engelhaupt, DT Ortega-Ortiz, JG AF Ruiz-Cooley, R. I. Engelhaupt, D. T. Ortega-Ortiz, J. G. TI Contrasting C and N isotope ratios from sperm whale skin and squid between the Gulf of Mexico and Gulf of California: effect of habitat SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; JUMBO SQUID; LIPID EXTRACTION; TROPHIC POSITION; NORTH PACIFIC; NITROGEN; CARBON; BEHAVIOR; MARINE; DIET AB To investigate feeding variation between populations of an apex oceanic predator, stable isotope ratios of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-13) have been compared in skin of female and immature male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) from the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and the Gulf of California (GC). Whale sexes were determined genetically. The delta C-13 and delta C-13 values from squid muscle were used from the GC, and from inshore and offshore sites in the GoM. We documented contrastingly lower delta C-13 and delta N-13 from whales and squid of the GoM compared with those from the GC. While this difference may be associated with variation in trophic position, geographic variation in biochemical cycling influenced significantly the contrasting isotope values between gulfs. Within the northern GoM, the highly distinct delta N-13 values of neritic squid versus mesopelagic squid provide further evidence of habitat specificity in delta N-13. C1 [Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Engelhaupt, D. T.] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Ruiz-Cooley, RI (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Iliana.Ruiz-Cooley@noaa.gov FU Minerals Management Service [0106CT39790]; MBRS-RISE [R25GM061222] FX Skin tissue samples from free-ranging sperm whales in the northern GoM were collected under Marine Mammal Protection Act/Endangered Species Act permit #909-1,465 and #909-1,726. We thank C. Roden and D. Epperson (Minerals Management Service), B. Mate (OSU), A. Jochens (Texas A&M) and all scientific team (SWSS project) and crew of the R/V Gyre for their extensive support during field work. We are grateful to J. Wormouth (Texas A&M), K. Johnson, A. Hamilton and A. Debosse (DOC/NOAA/NMFS) for the collection of squid specimens. We thank J. Dominguez (NMSU) and D. W. Weller (SWFSC-La Jolla-NOAA) for their editions and comments to an early draft of the manuscript, and D. W. Johnson (Western Watersheds Project-Carlton, WA) for his editions on the final draft of this manuscript. We thank the associate editor C. Harrod and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism and comments that improved the manuscript significantly. This project was funded by Minerals Management Service Contract 0106CT39790 and partially by MBRS-RISE R25 Grant #R25GM061222. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 159 IS 1 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1795-3 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 877RF UT WOS:000299198900014 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Vecchi, GA Smith, JA AF Villarini, Gabriele Vecchi, Gabriel A. Smith, James A. TI US Landfalling and North Atlantic Hurricanes: Statistical Modeling of Their Frequencies and Ratios SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; POISSON REGRESSION-MODEL; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; WEST-AFRICAN RAINFALL; PACIFIC-OCEAN REGION; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; STRONG ASSOCIATION AB Time series of U.S. landfalling and North Atlantic hurricane counts and their ratios over the period 1878 2008 are modeled using tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), tropical mean SST, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). Two SST input datasets are employed to examine the uncertainties in the reconstructed SST data on the modeling results. Because of the likely undercount of recorded hurricanes in the earliest part of the record, both the uncorrected hurricane dataset (HURDAT) and a time series with a recently proposed undercount correction are considered. Modeling of the count data is performed using a conditional Poisson regression model, in which the rate of occurrence can depend linearly or nonlinearly on the climate indexes. Model selection is performed following a stepwise approach and using two penalty criteria. These results do not allow one to identify a single "best" model because of the different model configurations (different SST data, corrected versus uncorrected datasets, and penalty criteria). Despite the lack of an objectively identified unique final model, the authors recommend a set of models in which the parameter of the Poisson distribution depends linearly on tropical Atlantic and tropical mean SSTs. Modeling of the fractions of North Atlantic hurricanes making U.S. landfall is performed using a binomial regression model. Similar to the count data, it is not possible to identify a single best model, but different model configurations are obtained depending on the SST data, undercount correction, and penalty criteria These results suggest that these fractions are controlled by local (related to the NAO) and remote (SOI and tropical mean SST) effects. C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Willis Res Network, London, England. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM gvillari@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network; NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences [NOAA CICS NA08OAR4320752]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0653772] FX This research was funded by the Willis Research Network, the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences (Grant NOAA CICS NA08OAR4320752), and the National Science Foundation (Grant CMMI-0653772). The authors thank Dr. Stasinopoulos, Dr. Rigby, Dr. Akantziliotou, and Dr. Harrell for making the GAMLSS (Stasinopoulos et al. 2007) and Design package (Harrell 2009) freely available in R (R Development Core Team 2008). The authors also acknowledge constructive and helpful comments by two anonymous reviewers. NR 139 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 140 IS 1 BP 44 EP 65 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00063.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TQ UT WOS:000299131000003 ER PT J AU Rogers, R Lorsolo, S Reasor, P Gamache, J Marks, F AF Rogers, Robert Lorsolo, Sylve Reasor, Paul Gamache, John Marks, Frank TI Multiscale Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Kinematic Structure from Airborne Doppler Radar Composites SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CONVECTIVE VERTICAL MOTIONS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; INNER CORE REGION; PART I; INTENSE HURRICANES; ISABEL 2003; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; EVOLUTION AB The multiscale inner-core structure of mature tropical cyclones is presented via the use of composites of airborne Doppler radar analyses. The structure of the axisymmetric vortex and the convective and turbulent-scale properties within this axisymmetric framework are shown to be consistent with many previous studies focusing on individual cases or using different airborne data sources. On the vortex scale, these structures include the primary and secondary circulations, eve wall slope, decay of the tangential wind with height, low-level inflow layer and region of enhanced outflow, radial variation of convective and stratiform reflectivity. eyewall vorticity and divergence fields, and rainband signatures in the radial wind, vertical velocity, vorticity. and divergence composite mean and variance fields. Statistics of convective-scale fields and how they vary as a function of proximity to the radius of maximum wind show that the inner eyewall edge is associated with stronger updrafts and higher reflectivity and vorticity in the mean and have broader distributions for these fields compared with the outer radii. In addition, the reflectivity shows a clear characteristic of stratiform precipitation in the outer radii and the vorticity distribution is much more positively skewed along the inner eyewall than it is in the outer radii. Composites of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) show large values along the inner eyewall. in the hurricane boundary layer, and in a secondary region located at about 2-3 times the radius of maximum wind. This secondary peak in TKE is also consistent with a peak in divergence and in the variability of vorticity, and they suggest the presence of rainbands at this radial band. C1 [Rogers, Robert; Reasor, Paul; Gamache, John; Marks, Frank] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lorsolo, Sylve] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Rogers, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM robert.rogers@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013; Gamache, John/A-9702-2014; Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378; Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X FU NOAA FX Our thanks go to Drs. Sim Aberson and Sundaraman Gopalakrishnan, and two anonymous reviewers who provided many helpful comments to improve this manuscript, and to Paul Leighton for providing the lower-fuselage composites. We are grateful to all of the staff of NOAA's Aircraft Operations Center who have tirelessly collected this data over many years. Funding for this work was provided by NOAA base funds through the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). NR 80 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 140 IS 1 BP 77 EP 99 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05075.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TQ UT WOS:000299131000005 ER PT J AU Akmaev, RA AF Akmaev, Rashid A. TI Correcting the Coriolis correlation SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Akmaev, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rashid.akmaev@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876TI UT WOS:000299130200004 ER PT J AU Hunley, MT Bhangale, AS Kundu, S Johnson, PM Waters, MS Gross, RA Beers, KL AF Hunley, Matthew T. Bhangale, Atul S. Kundu, Santanu Johnson, Peter M. Waters, Michael S. Gross, Richard A. Beers, Kathryn L. TI In situ monitoring of enzyme-catalyzed (co)polymerizations by Raman spectroscopy SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; REACTIVITY RATIOS; RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION; POLYESTERS; LACTONE; BUTYROLACTONE; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM AB In situ, fiber optic-based Raman spectroscopy provided real time monitoring of enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening homo-and copolymerizations of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) and delta-valerolactone (delta-VL). A custom designed reactor equipped with in situ fiber optic probe was used to measure monomer conversion as a function of time. The results from the in situ technique were in good agreement with those determined by offline H-1 NMR analysis. Monomer reactivity ratios for the lipase-catalyzed copolymerization of epsilon-CL and delta-VL were estimated using the Kelen-Tudos method as r(epsilon-CL) = 0.38 and r(delta-VL) = 0.29. C1 [Bhangale, Atul S.; Gross, Richard A.] NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Hunley, Matthew T.; Bhangale, Atul S.; Kundu, Santanu; Johnson, Peter M.; Waters, Michael S.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gross, RA (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM rgross@poly.edu; beers@nist.gov RI Kundu, Santanu/B-6842-2008 FU Biocatalysis Center at Polytechnic Institute of NYU; National Research Council FX The authors would like to thank Novozyme for providing the N435 beads. A.B. and R.G. thank the Industrial Members of the Biocatalysis Center at Polytechnic Institute of NYU for their financial support of this research. M.H. would like to acknowledge the support of the National Research Council Fellowship Program. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 314 EP 318 DI 10.1039/c1py00447f PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 874XK UT WOS:000298991200008 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Zhang, JZ AF Huang, Xiao-Lan Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate in aged, acid-forced hydrolysed nanomolar inorganic iron solutions-an inorganic biocatalyst? SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED PHOSPHORYL TRANSFER; PHOSPHATE DIESTER HYDROLYSIS; PEROXIDASE-LIKE ACTIVITY; BOVINE SPLEEN; SWEET-POTATO; BINUCLEAR METALLOHYDROLASES; PROMOTED DEPHOSPHORYLATION; NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHATES; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; MECHANISTIC ASPECTS AB Phosphate ester hydrolysis is one of the most important chemical processes in biological systems. Although catalysis by the natural phosphoesterases, e. g., purple acid phosphatase (PAP) and its biomimetics, are well known in biochemistry, it has been reported that some metals and mineral phases can significantly facilitate the hydrolysis of phosphate ester. Here we report for the first time that aged, acid-forced hydrolysed nanomolar inorganic iron solutions significantly promoted the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), and that the reaction kinetics followed the Michaelis-Menten equation. The catalysis was inhibited by tetrahedral oxyanions in an order of WO4 > MoO4 > PO4. The newly formed oxo-bridge or hydroxo-bridge during the iron-aging process might contribute to this biocatalytic effect, though the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Further studies are needed in order to understand the (hydr)oxo-bridged Fe-Fe structure in water and its role in organic phosphorus transformation. This catalyst might be one of many ubiquitous sets of inorganic enzymes yet to be discovered in nature that act as a bridge between the inorganic and organic worlds, and would have played a critical role in the origin of life. C1 [Huang, Xiao-Lan] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM xiaolan.huang@ymail.com RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Huang, XiaoLan/G-6306-2012; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/E-9159-2010 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/0000-0002-3330-4858 FU NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research FX X.L.H. greatly appreciates the precious comments of Drs. R.J.P. Williams, Michael J. Russell, Gerhard Schenk and Jianping Xu and personal encouragements from Drs. Tsung-Hung Peng, Peter B. Ortner, Robert Atlas and Mr. Yu-Dong Sun for this study. X. L. H also thanks Ms. Gail Derr and Dr Raghuraman Venkatapathy for English editing. Financial support for the experimental parts of the study was provided by NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research to J. Z. Z. All statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pegasus Technical Services Inc., University of Miami or NOAA or the U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 153 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1039/c1ra00353d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 876DD UT WOS:000299086600022 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Chiu, C Moon, KW Bendersky, LA AF Levin, I. Krayzman, V. Chiu, C. Moon, K. -W. Bendersky, L. A. TI Local metal and deuterium ordering in the deuterated ZrTiNi C14 Laves phase SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Laves phases; Neutron diffraction ID REVERSE MONTE-CARLO; X-RAY; HYDROGEN ABSORPTION; TOTAL SCATTERING; HYDRIDES; ALLOYS AB Local structure of the hexagonal C14 Laves phase in an annealed approximately equiatomic ZrTiNi alloy was studied before and after deuteration using neutron total scattering. Rietveld refinements of the P6(3)/mmc AB(2) model demonstrate that the A-sites are shared by Zr and Ti, whereas the two non-equivalent B-sites are occupied by a mixture of Ti and Ni. Reverse Monte Carlo refinements using a joint fit of the neutron total scattering data in real and reciprocal spaces revealed significant short-range ordering of Ti and Ni on the B-sites. The refined Ti-Ni nearest-neighbor distances are appreciably shorter than the corresponding Ti-Ti and Ni-Ni distances. Nevertheless, the differences in the effective sizes of chemically distinct tetrahedral interstices (i.e. [Zr2Ti2], [Zr2TiNi], [Zr2Ni2], etc.), which are important for hydrogen absorption, remain rather small. Rietveld refinements of the structure of the deuterated sample TiZrNiD2.14 confirmed that deuterium occupies various [A(2)B(2)] tetrahedral interstices. RMC refinements suggested a strong preferential occupation of deuterium in the [Zr2Ti2] and [Zr2TiNi] tetrahedra whereas the [Zr2Ni2] sites remained nearly empty. These results support earlier models which predicted preferential occupancy by hydrogen in sites coordinated by metals that form the most stable binary hydrides. The deuterium atoms in the [Zr2TiNi] tetrahedra are displaced toward Ni. X-ray absorption near-edge structure measured for Ti, Zr, and Ni K-edges demonstrated that deuteration is accompanied by the reduction in the density of unoccupied electronic states (just above the Fermi level) associated with Ti and Zr. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Levin, I.; Krayzman, V.; Chiu, C.; Moon, K. -W.; Bendersky, L. A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, funded by the Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-36. The authors are grateful to Joan Siewenie (LANL) and Joseph Woicik (NIST) for their technical assistance with the neutron and X-ray absorption measurements, respectively. X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy and electron back-scatter diffraction measurements were performed by Alexander Berner (Technion - Israel Institute of Technology). Benjamin Chao and his colleagues at Ovonic Hydrogen Systems, LLC are acknowledged for their help with sample deuteration and ICP analyses. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 645 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.021 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 869UA UT WOS:000298622500019 ER PT J AU Bergh, C Luongo, G Wise, S Ostman, C AF Bergh, Caroline Luongo, Giovanna Wise, Stephen Oestman, Conny TI Organophosphate and phthalate esters in standard reference material 2585 organic contaminants in house dust SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Organophosphate esters; Phthalate esters; Standard reference material 2585; Organic contaminants in house dust ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; FLAME RETARDANTS; INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS; SETTLED DUST; GAS-PHASE; AIR; PLASTICIZERS; ASSOCIATION; PESTICIDES; SYMPTOMS AB The levels of 22 phthalate diesters (phthalates) and organophosphate triesters (organophosphates) have been investigated in standard reference material 2585 (SRM 2585) "organic contaminants in house dust." Ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction on a Florisil adsorbent were used as the extraction and cleanup steps combined with analysis using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion chemical ionization mode. Seven phthalates were detected in the concentration range 1-570 mu g/g. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the major phthalate present at 570 mu g/g. Ten organophosphates were detected in SRM 2585. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate was the predominant organophosphate at 82 mu g/g, and nine organophosphates were determined at concentrations ranging from 0.19 to 2.3 mu g/g. Five organophosphates were below the method detection limit, of which two were in level with the procedural blank. The applied extraction and cleanup method was evaluated for the analysis of SRM 2585. The extraction yield was a parts per thousand yen99%, except for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (97%) and diethyl phthalate (98.5%). The problem of calibration curvature is addressed, and it is shown that the use of deuterated standards improves the analysis. The concentrations of ten organophosphate esters were determined in SRM 2585, and seven of these were compared with existing data. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the levels of the seven phthalates esters in SRM 2585 "organic contaminants in house dust.". C1 [Bergh, Caroline; Luongo, Giovanna; Oestman, Conny] Stockholm Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Wise, Stephen] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ostman, C (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM conny.ostman@anchem.su.se FU City of Stockholm Environment and Health Administration; Stockholm County Council FX This work has been partly funded by the City of Stockholm Environment and Health Administration and the Stockholm County Council. We thank Carmen Veneri for laboratory assistance during her undergraduate work at the department. We also gratefully acknowledge Professor Ake Bergman and Ioannis Athanassiadis at the Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, for access and instrumental support of the Varian GC-MS system. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 83 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 402 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5440-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 871PE UT WOS:000298749300011 PM 22065343 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM AF Striegel, Andre M. TI Hydrodynamic chromatography: packed columns, multiple detectors, and microcapillaries SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamic chromatography; Multiple detection; Packed columns; Microcapillaries; Particle sizing; Polymers; DNA ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; DEGRADATION; SEPARATION; POLYMER; MACROMOLECULES; TRANSITION; ALTERNAN; DNA AB Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) is a liquid chromatographic technique that separates analytes on the basis of their size in solution. Separation can be conducted either in an open tube or in a column packed with inert, nonporous beads. In HDC, larger analytes elute first and smaller ones later, due to preferential sampling of the streamlines of flow in the open tube or in the interstitial medium of the packed column. Because of the low shear rates experienced in HDC, coupled with the wealth of information obtained when employing a multiplicity of detection methods, the technique has experienced a resurgence in recent years in both the particle sizing and macromolecular arenas, where it can provide information on the mutual interdependence of molar mass, size, shape, and compactness. Additionally, microcapillary HDC is also gaining popularity amongst the bioanalytical community, who have employed the technique, inter alia, to separate DNA fragments over a base pair range spanning four orders in magnitude. Here, examples from the literature are used to show how HDC has been applied in each of the aforementioned areas, explaining the information that can be obtained from various detector combinations, and opining on the future of the technique. C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM striegel@chem.fsu.edu NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 402 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5334-3 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 871PE UT WOS:000298749300014 PM 21901463 ER PT J AU Sturgeon, RE Lam, JW Windust, A Grinberg, P Zeisler, R Oflaz, R Paul, RL Lang, BE Fagan, JA Simard, B Kingston, CT AF Sturgeon, Ralph E. Lam, Joseph W. Windust, Anthony Grinberg, Patricia Zeisler, Rolf Oflaz, Rabia Paul, Rick L. Lang, Brian E. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Simard, Benoit Kingston, Christopher T. TI Determination of moisture content of single-wall carbon nanotubes SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Single-wall carbon nanotubes; Moisture determination; Oven drying; Desiccator drying; Karl Fischer titration; Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis ID WATER; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; QUALITY AB Several techniques were evaluated for the establishment of reliable water/moisture content of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Karl Fischer titration (KF) provides a direct measure of the water content and was used for benchmarking against results obtained by conventional oven drying, desiccation over anhydrous magnesium perchlorate as well as by thermogravimetry and prompt gamma-ray activation analysis. Agreement amongst results was satisfactory with the exception of thermogravimetry, although care must be taken with oven drying as it is possible to register mass gain after an initial moisture loss if prolonged drying time or elevated temperatures (120 A degrees C) are used. Thermogravimetric data were precise but a bias was evident that could be accounted for by considering the non-selective loss of mass as volatile carbonaceous components. Simple drying over anhydrous magnesium perchlorate for a minimum period of 8-10 days is recommended if KF is not available for this measurement. C1 [Sturgeon, Ralph E.; Lam, Joseph W.; Windust, Anthony; Grinberg, Patricia] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Zeisler, Rolf; Oflaz, Rabia; Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lang, Brian E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simard, Benoit; Kingston, Christopher T.] Natl Res Council Canada, Mol & Nanomat Architecture Grp, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Sturgeon, RE (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM ralph.sturgeon@nrc.ca OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Lam, Joseph/0000-0001-6402-0535; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034; Grinberg, Patricia/0000-0002-1167-6474 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 402 IS 1 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5509-y PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 871PE UT WOS:000298749300047 PM 22124752 ER PT J AU Sander, LC Bedner, M Tims, MC Yen, JH Duewer, DL Porter, B Christopher, SJ Day, RD Long, SE Molloy, JL Murphy, KE Lang, BE Lieberman, R Wood, LJ Payne, MJ Roman, MC Betz, JM NguyenPho, A Sharpless, KE Wise, SA AF Sander, L. C. Bedner, M. Tims, M. C. Yen, J. H. Duewer, D. L. Porter, B. Christopher, S. J. Day, R. D. Long, S. E. Molloy, J. L. Murphy, K. E. Lang, B. E. Lieberman, R. Wood, L. J. Payne, M. J. Roman, M. C. Betz, J. M. NguyenPho, A. Sharpless, K. E. Wise, S. A. TI Development and certification of green tea-containing standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Green tea; Camellia sinensis; Standard Reference Material; Catechins; Xanthines; Toxic elements; Theanine ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; COULOMETRIC ARRAY DETECTION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MS-ELECTROSPRAY DETECTION; COMMERCIAL CANNED GREEN; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; GALLIC ACID; PURINE ALKALOIDS; INDIVIDUAL CATECHINS AB A suite of three green tea-containing Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): SRM 3254 Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) Leaves, SRM 3255 Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) Extract, and SRM 3256 Green Tea-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form. The materials are characterized for catechins, xanthine alkaloids, theanine, and toxic elements. As many as five methods were used in assigning certified and reference values to the constituents, with measurements carried out at NIST and at collaborating laboratories. The materials are intended for use in the development and validation of new analytical methods, and for use as control materials as a component in the support of claims of metrological traceability. C1 [Sander, L. C.; Bedner, M.; Tims, M. C.; Duewer, D. L.; Porter, B.; Long, S. E.; Molloy, J. L.; Murphy, K. E.; Lieberman, R.; Wood, L. J.; Sharpless, K. E.; Wise, S. A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yen, J. H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christopher, S. J.; Day, R. D.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lang, B. E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Payne, M. J.] Hershey Co, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Roman, M. C.] Tampa Bay Analyt Res Inc, Largo, FL 33777 USA. [Betz, J. M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [NguyenPho, A.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res CDER, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Sander, LC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lane.sander@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. M. Schantz and E. McGaw (NIST) are acknowledged for pesticide screening of the three SRMs. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 402 IS 1 BP 473 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5472-7 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 871PE UT WOS:000298749300051 PM 22127575 ER PT J AU Edmunds, RC Smith-Keune, C van Herwerden, L Fulton, CJ Jerry, DR AF Edmunds, Richard C. Smith-Keune, Carolyn van Herwerden, Lynne Fulton, Christopher J. Jerry, Dean R. TI Exposing local adaptation: synergistic stressors elicit population-specific lactate dehydrogenase-B (ldh-b) expression profiles in Australian barramundi, Lates calcarifer SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Thermal tolerance; Thermal stress; Aerobic challenge; Local adaptation ID CORAL-REEF FISH; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SWIMMING SPEED; JUVENILE BARRAMUNDI; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; GADUS-MORHUA; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; KILLIFISH AB The molecular response of fish to independently and/or concurrently applied ecological stressors (e.g. thermal and/or aerobic stress) can be quantified at the level of transcript abundance (i.e. gene expression). In temperate fish, the expression of the metabolic candidate gene lactate dehydrogenase-B (ldh-b) responds to both aerobic swimming challenge and extended acclimation to various ecologically relevant temperatures. We examined hepatic ldh-b expression in juvenile Lates calcarifer from two geographically, genetically and thermally distinct Australian populations to determine if similar environmental stressors also influence the transcription of this locus in a tropical fish. Hepatic ldh-b expression was quantified following 28-day acclimation to ecologically relevant temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35A degrees C). Expression was also quantified in L. calcarifer subjected to aerobic swimming challenge at these temperatures. Fish from southern (high latitude) and northern (low latitude) populations within this species' Australian distribution exhibited a significant increase in hepatic ldh-b expression following aerobic swimming challenge at native temperatures of 25 and 30A degrees C, respectively (p < 0.001). Southern and northern fish also exhibited significant increase in hepatic ldh-b expression (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) following 28-day acclimation to heat-stress (35A degrees C). However, only southern fish exhibited significant increase in expression (p < 0.001) following 28-day acclimation to cold-stress (20A degrees C). The novel evidence presented herein suggests that (a) transcription of hepatic ldh-b is responsive to both aerobic and thermal stress when applied independently, and (b) southern Australian L. calcarifer populations may be locally adapted to cooler seasonal water temperatures. C1 [Edmunds, Richard C.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Edmunds, Richard C.; Smith-Keune, Carolyn; van Herwerden, Lynne; Jerry, Dean R.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Mol Evolut & Ecol Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Edmunds, Richard C.; Fulton, Christopher J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Edmunds, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM richard.c.edmunds@gmail.com RI Jerry, Dean/B-3053-2012; Smith-Keune, Carolyn/F-3265-2011; van Herwerden, Lynne/I-1087-2012; CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Manager, MEEL/C-4732-2015; Fulton, Christopher/A-5971-2008 OI van Herwerden, Lynne/0000-0001-6717-8995; Fulton, Christopher/0000-0002-1140-1999 FU Research Advancement Program in Finfish Aquaculture FX Thanks to Dianne Rowe (JCU) for laboratory assistance and Bill Foley (ANU) for storage and transportation of tissue samples. This research was funded by the Research Advancement Program in Finfish Aquaculture Grant (LvH and DRJ). NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s00027-011-0208-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 871PT UT WOS:000298750900014 ER PT J AU France, K Burgh, EB Herczeg, GJ Schindhelm, E Yang, H Abgrall, H Roueff, E Brown, A Brown, JM Linsky, JL AF France, Kevin Burgh, Eric B. Herczeg, Gregory J. Schindhelm, Eric Yang, Hao Abgrall, Herve Roueff, Evelyne Brown, Alexander Brown, Joanna M. Linsky, Jeffrey L. TI CO AND H-2 ABSORPTION IN THE AA TAURI CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (AA Tau) ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN EMISSION; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET CONTINUUM; PLANET-FORMING REGION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LY-ALPHA RADIATION; T-TAURI; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM AB The direct study of molecular gas in inner protoplanetary disks is complicated by uncertainties in the spatial distribution of the gas, the time variability of the source, and the comparison of observations across a wide range of wavelengths. Some of these challenges can be mitigated with far-ultraviolet spectroscopy. Using new observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, we measure column densities and rovibrational temperatures for CO and H-2 observed on the line of sight through the AA Tauri circumstellar disk. CO A - X absorption bands are observed against the far-UV continuum. The CO absorption is characterized by log(10)(N((CO)-C-12)) = 17.5 +/- 0.5 cm(-2) and T-rot(CO) = 500(-200)(+500) K, although this rotational temperature may underestimate the local kinetic temperature of the CO-bearing gas. We also detect (CO)-C-13 in absorption with an isotopic ratio of similar to 20. We do not observe H-2 absorption against the continuum; however, hot H-2 (v > 0) is detected in absorption against the Ly alpha emission line. We measure the column densities in eight individual rovibrational tates, determining a total log(10)(N(H-2)) = 17.9(-0.3)(+ 0.6) cm(-2) with a thermal temperature of T(H-2) = 2500(-700)(+800) K. The high temperature of the molecules, the relatively small H-2 column density, and the high inclination of the AA Tauri disk suggest that the absorbing gas resides in an inner disk atmosphere. If the H-2 and CO are cospatial within a molecular layer similar to 0.6 AU thick, this region is characterized by < n(H2)> similar to 10(5) cm(-3) with an observed < CO/H-2 > ratio of similar to 0.4. We also find evidence for a departure from a purely thermal H-2 distribution, suggesting that excitation by continuum photons and H-2 formation may be altering the level populations in the molecular gas. C1 [France, Kevin; Burgh, Eric B.; Schindhelm, Eric; Brown, Alexander] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herczeg, Gregory J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Yang, Hao; Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yang, Hao; Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Abgrall, Herve; Roueff, Evelyne] Observ Paris, CNRS, Sect Meudon, UMR 8102, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Abgrall, Herve; Roueff, Evelyne] LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Brown, Joanna M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.france@colorado.edu RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014; OI Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333; Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043]; Agence Nationale de La Recherche (ANR, France) [09-BLAN-020901] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.; K.F. appreciates the hospitality of Poker Flat Research Range, operated by the University of Alaska's Geophysical Institute, where a portion of this work was carried out. We thank Naseem Rangwala for helpful discussions about CO level populations, M. Eidelsberg for providing CO wavelengths and oscillator strengths used in this work, and an anonymous referee for suggestions that improved the quality of the paper. This work makes use of data obtained through HST guest observing program 11616 and was supported by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. H.A. and E.R. acknowledge the partial support of the Agence Nationale de La Recherche (ANR, France) through the contract"SUMOSTA," N0. 09-BLAN-020901. NR 84 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 744 IS 1 AR 22 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/22 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 866TY UT WOS:000298408300022 ER PT J AU Green, JC Froning, CS Osterman, S Ebbets, D Heap, SH Leitherer, C Linsky, JL Savage, BD Sembach, K Shull, JM Siegmund, OHW Snow, TP Spencer, J Stern, SA Stocke, J Welsh, B Beland, S Burgh, EB Danforth, C France, K Keeney, B McPhate, J Penton, SV Andrews, J Brownsberger, K Morse, J Wilkinson, E AF Green, James C. Froning, Cynthia S. Osterman, Steve Ebbets, Dennis Heap, Sara H. Leitherer, Claus Linsky, Jeffrey L. Savage, Blair D. Sembach, Kenneth Shull, J. Michael Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Snow, Theodore P. Spencer, John Stern, S. Alan Stocke, John Welsh, Barry Beland, Stephane Burgh, Eric B. Danforth, Charles France, Kevin Keeney, Brian McPhate, Jason Penton, Steven V. Andrews, John Brownsberger, Kenneth Morse, Jon Wilkinson, Erik TI THE COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: spectrographs; ultraviolet: general ID LY-ALPHA FOREST; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; FLUORESCENT H-2 EMISSION; HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUD; LOW-REDSHIFT; T-TAURI; HST/COS OBSERVATIONS AB The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) is a moderate-resolution spectrograph with unprecedented sensitivity that was installed into the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 2009 May, during HST Servicing Mission 4 (STS-125). We present the design philosophy and summarize the key characteristics of the instrument that will be of interest to potential observers. For faint targets, with flux F(lambda) approximate to 1.0 x 10(-14) erg cm(-2) s(-1) angstrom(-1), COS can achieve comparable signal to noise (when compared to Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph echelle modes) in 1%-2% of the observing time. This has led to a significant increase in the total data volume and data quality available to the community. For example, in the first 20 months of science operation (2009 September-2011 June) the cumulative redshift pathlength of extragalactic sight lines sampled by COS is nine times than sampled at moderate resolution in 19 previous years of Hubble observations. COS programs have observed 214 distinct lines of sight suitable for study of the intergalactic medium as of 2011 June. COS has measured, for the first time with high reliability, broad Ly alpha absorbers and Ne VIII in the intergalactic medium, and observed the He II reionization epoch along multiple sightlines. COS has detected the first CO emission and absorption in the UV spectra of low-mass circumstellar disks at the epoch of giant planet formation, and detected multiple ionization states of metals in extra-solar planetary atmospheres. In the coming years, COS will continue its census of intergalactic gas, probe galactic and cosmic structure, and explore physics in our solar system and Galaxy. C1 [Green, James C.; Shull, J. Michael; Snow, Theodore P.; Stocke, John] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Green, James C.; Froning, Cynthia S.; Osterman, Steve; Shull, J. Michael; Snow, Theodore P.; Stocke, John; Beland, Stephane; Burgh, Eric B.; Danforth, Charles; France, Kevin; Keeney, Brian; Penton, Steven V.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ebbets, Dennis; Brownsberger, Kenneth] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Heap, Sara H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leitherer, Claus; Sembach, Kenneth] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Savage, Blair D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Siegmund, Oswald H. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Spencer, John; Stern, S. Alan; Andrews, John; Wilkinson, Erik] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Welsh, Barry; McPhate, Jason] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Morse, Jon] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Green, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391-UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NASA [NAS5-98043, NAG5-12279, NNX08AC14G] FX The authors thank the entire team at Goddard Space Flight Center, Ball Aerospace, JY Horiba, and the Space Telescope Science Institute for making the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph a reality. Literally hundreds of people contributed to its success. We especially thank Hsiao Smith, Jean Flammand, Francis Bonnemason, and Francis Cepollina for their years of service to the program. We also thank Gregory Herczeg for providing the AA Tau data. This work was supported by NASA programs NAS5-98043, NAG5-12279, and NNX08AC14G. NR 84 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 744 IS 1 AR 60 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/60 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 866TY UT WOS:000298408300060 ER PT J AU Lee, TR De Wekker, SFJ Andrews, AE Kofler, J Williams, J AF Lee, Temple R. De Wekker, Stephan F. J. Andrews, Arlyn E. Kofler, Jonathan Williams, Jonathan TI Carbon dioxide variability during cold front passages and fair weather days at a forested mountaintop site SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Cold fronts; Blue Ridge Mountains ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TALL TOWER; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; EXCHANGE; OZONE; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; FLUXES AB This study describes temporal carbon dioxide (CO2) changes at a new meteorological site on a mountaintop in the Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains during the first year of measurements. Continental mountaintop locations are increasingly being used for CO2 monitoring, and investigations are needed to better understand measurements made at these locations. We focus on CO2 mixing ratio changes on days with cold front passages and on fair weather days. Changes in CO2 mixing ratios are largest during cold front passages outside the growing season and on clear, fair weather days in the growing season. 67% (60%) of the frontal passages during the non-growing (growing) season have larger postfrontal than prefrontal CO2 mixing ratios. The increase in CO2 mixing ratio around the frontal passage is short-lived and coincides with changes in CO and O-3. The CO2 increase can therefore be used as an additional criterion to determine the timing of frontal passages at the mountaintop station. The CO2 increase can be explained by an accumulation of trace gases along frontal boundaries. The magnitude and duration of the CO2 increase is affected by the wind speed and direction that determine the source region of the postfrontal air. Southward-moving fronts result in the largest prolonged period of elevated CO2, consistent with the postfrontal advection of air from the Northeastern United States where anthropogenic contributions are relatively large compared to other areas in the footprint of the mountaintop station. These anthropogenic contributions to the CO2 changes are confirmed through concurrent CO measurements and output from NOAA's CarbonTracker model. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Temple R.; De Wekker, Stephan F. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Kofler, Jonathan; Williams, Jonathan] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lee, TR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, POB 400123,Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM trl2y@virginia.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; OI De Wekker, Stephan/0000-0002-6343-854X NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 46 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.068 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871UM UT WOS:000298763200044 ER PT J AU Maurer, JJ Hudson, JL Fick, SE Moffat, TP Shaw, GA AF Maurer, Joseph J. Hudson, John L. Fick, Steven E. Moffat, Thomas P. Shaw, Gordon A. TI Electrochemical Micromachining of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys with Ultrashort Voltage Pulses SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MACHINING CHARACTERISTICS; NICKEL-TITANIUM; FILM; LAYER; TINI AB Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) with ultrashort voltage pulses has been used to fabricate microstructures on a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA). Because of its unique properties, NiTi is a desirable material for use in various applications including medical devices and actuators. ECMM is a heat-free, strain-free, and mask-free method for microfabrication, and therefore well suited for use with shape memory alloys. Microstructures were machined to a depth of 3 mu m on NiTi surfaces, and the lateral resolution of the machining was found to be dependent on the duration of the voltage pulses used. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.002202esl] All rights reserved. C1 [Maurer, Joseph J.; Hudson, John L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Fick, Steven E.; Moffat, Thomas P.; Shaw, Gordon A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Maurer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM gordon.shaw@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Research [SB1341-07-CN-0047] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Adam Creuziger of NIST for his assistance in polishing the NiTi, and helpful discussion of its properties. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Stephen Banovic of NIST for the use of his polishing facilities, David Kelley of NIST for help in preparing the NiTi workpieces, and Dr. John Bonevich of NIST for his assistance with the SEM. J.J. Maurer and J.L. Hudson would also like to acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology Research Grant # SB1341-07-CN-0047 for support for this research. This article is authored by employees of the U.S. federal government. Commercial equipment and materials are identified in order to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 EI 1944-8775 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP D8 EP D10 DI 10.1149/2.002202esl PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 864PP UT WOS:000298252500006 ER PT J AU Apeti, DA Whitall, DR Pait, AS Dieppa, A Zitello, AG Lauenstein, GG AF Apeti, Dennis A. Whitall, David R. Pait, Anthony S. Dieppa, Angel Zitello, Adam G. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. TI Characterization of land-based sources of pollution in Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico: status of heavy metal concentration in bed sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Surficial sediment; Heavy metals; Grain size; Total organic carbon; Land-based sources ID TRACE-METALS; FLORIDA; ESTUARINE; ELEMENT; MARINE; US AB As part of an assessment of land-based sources of pollution in Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico, sediment samples were collected at 43 sites to characterize concentrations of a suite of pollutants, including metals. Fifteen major and trace metals (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn) were measured along with total organic carbon and grain size in surficial sediments. For most metals, maximum concentrations were seen in the eastern bay; however, values were still within concentration ranges found in other estuarine systems. In contrast, silver was higher in the western region. In general, metal distribution in the bay was positively correlated with grain size. Additionally, correlations between Al and other metals suggest natural sources for metals. The data presented here suggest that, although the Jobos Bay watershed contains both urban centers along with industrial and agricultural developments, anthropogenic inputs of metals may be negligible. C1 [Apeti, Dennis A.; Whitall, David R.; Pait, Anthony S.; Zitello, Adam G.; Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dieppa, Angel] Jobos Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Aguirre, PR 00704 USA. RP Apeti, DA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Dennis.Apeti@noaa.gov FU NOAA; USDA FX We would like to acknowledge NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Program for funding the project. We would also like to thank Captain Claudio Burgos of the Jobos Bay NERR for his skill and patient captaining of the Estuarino during the collection of samples for this project. Also, the authors would like to acknowledge Kevin McMahon (NOAA) for his critical review and helpful comments. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 184 IS 2 BP 811 EP 830 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2003-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868EB UT WOS:000298505400014 PM 21509514 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Henry, TB AF Petersen, Elijah J. Henry, Theodore B. TI Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nanomaterials; Single-walled carbon nanotubes; Multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Daphnia magna; Fullerenes ID NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENCE; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; IN-VIVO; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS AB The recent emergence of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) that are released into the environment and lead to exposure in organisms has accelerated the need to determine NP toxicity. Techniques for measuring the toxicity of NPs (nanotoxicology) in ecological receptors (nanoecotoxicology) are in their infancy, however, and establishing standardized ecotoxicity tests for NPs are presently limited by several factors. These factors include the extent of NP characterization necessary (or possible) before, during, and after toxicity tests such that toxic effects can be related to physicochemical characteristics of NPs; determining uptake and distribution of NPs within exposed organisms (does uptake occur or are effects exerted at organism surfaces?); and determining the appropriate types of controls to incorporate into ecotoxicity tests with NPs. In this review, the authors focus on the important elements of measuring the ecotoxicity of carbon NPs (CNPs) and make recommendations for ecotoxicology testing that should enable more rigorous interpretations of collected data and interlaboratory comparisons. This review is intended to serve as a next step toward developing standardized tests that can be incorporated into a regulatory framework for CNPs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:6072. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biomed & Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013; OI Henry, Theodore/0000-0002-9675-9454 NR 131 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 SI SI BP 60 EP 72 DI 10.1002/etc.710 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 860ED UT WOS:000297930700006 PM 21994158 ER PT J AU Quarrell, OW Handley, O O'Donovan, K Dumoulin, C Ramos-Arroyo, M Biunno, I Bauer, P Kline, M Landwehrmeyer, GB AF Quarrell, Oliver W. Handley, Olivia O'Donovan, Kirsty Dumoulin, Christine Ramos-Arroyo, Maria Biunno, Ida Bauer, Peter Kline, Margaret Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard CA European Huntington's Dis Network TI Discrepancies in reporting the CAG repeat lengths for Huntington's disease SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Huntington's disease; CAG repeat length; standard reference materials ID TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; CHROMOSOMES; GENE AB Huntington's disease results from a CAG repeat expansion within the Huntingtin gene; this is measured routinely in diagnostic laboratories. The European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY project centrally measures CAG repeat lengths on fresh samples; these were compared with the original results from 121 laboratories across 15 countries. We report on 1326 duplicate results; a discrepancy in reporting the upper allele occurred in 51% of cases, this reduced to 13.3% and 9.7% when we applied acceptable measurement errors proposed by the American College of Medical Genetics and the Draft European Best Practice Guidelines, respectively. Duplicate results were available for 1250 lower alleles; discrepancies occurred in 40% of cases. Clinically significant discrepancies occurred in 4.0% of cases with a potential unexplained misdiagnosis rate of 0.3%. There was considerable variation in the discrepancy rate among 10 of the countries participating in this study. Out of 1326 samples, 348 were re-analysed by an accredited diagnostic laboratory, based in Germany, with concordance rates of 93% and 94% for the upper and lower alleles, respectively. This became 100% if the acceptable measurement errors were applied. The central laboratory correctly reported allele sizes for six standard reference samples, blind to the known result. Our study differs from external quality assessment (EQA) schemes in that these are duplicate results obtained from a large sample of patients across the whole diagnostic range. We strongly recommend that laboratories state an error rate for their measurement on the report, participate in EQA schemes and use reference materials regularly to adjust their own internal standards. European Journal of Human Genetics (2012) 20, 20-26; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.136; published online 3 August 2011 C1 [Quarrell, Oliver W.; O'Donovan, Kirsty] Sheffield Childrens Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Sheffield S10 2TH, S Yorkshire, England. [Handley, Olivia] Univ London, Inst Neurol, London, England. [Dumoulin, Christine] Inst Pathol & Genet, Ctr Genet Humaine, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium. [Ramos-Arroyo, Maria] Complejo Hosp Pamplona, Dept Med Genet, Pamplona, Spain. [Biunno, Ida] ITB CNR & BioRep, Milan, Italy. [Bauer, Peter] Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. [Kline, Margaret] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard] Univ Hosp Ulm, Dept Neurol, Ulm, Germany. RP Quarrell, OW (reprint author), Sheffield Childrens Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, S Yorkshire, England. EM Oliver.quarrell@sch.nhs.uk RI Di Donato, Stefano/B-9717-2012; Boelmans, Kai/J-9678-2012; nanetti, lorenzo/A-7361-2013; Gago, Miguel/F-2355-2015; Almeida Garrett, Maria Carolina/A-5332-2012; OI Mandich, Paola/0000-0003-3123-3512; Wild, Edward/0000-0002-6921-7887; Rizzo, Giovanni/0000-0002-9718-2044; Landwehrmeyer, Georg Bernhard/0000-0003-3375-790X; Romano, Silvia/0000-0003-0499-8843; Tabrizi, Sarah/0000-0003-2716-2045; Gago, Miguel/0000-0003-0894-6207; Almeida Garrett, Maria Carolina/0000-0003-3336-3302; Cavaco, Sara/0000-0001-7428-2854; BAS, JORDI/0000-0002-4478-421X; Calopa, Matilde/0000-0002-6943-3707; Rosser, Anne/0000-0002-4716-4753; Di Maria, Emilio/0000-0002-8357-2658 FU Cure Huntington's Disease Initiative FX G Bernhard Landwehrmeyer received research grants from CHDI and honoraria from Siena Biotech for consultations as well as compensation for the conduct of clinical trials from Amarin, Neurosearch, Novartis and Medivation. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.; The REGISTRY project is funded by the Cure Huntington's Disease Initiative. We thank Simon Patton from EMQN for reviewing the list of laboratories participating in this study and stating the number participating in the 2009 EMQN EQA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1018-4813 J9 EUR J HUM GENET JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1038/ejhg.2011.136 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 863MF UT WOS:000298167700008 PM 21811303 ER PT J AU Kuligowski, ED AF Kuligowski, Erica D. TI The Significance of Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuligowski, ED (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10694-011-0232-y PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 870GY UT WOS:000298658500001 ER PT J AU Rupp, DE Wainwright, TC Lawson, PW Peterson, WT AF Rupp, David E. Wainwright, Thomas C. Lawson, Peter W. Peterson, William T. TI Marine environment-based forecasting of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) adult recruitment SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate; coho salmon; forecast; generalized additive model; Pacific Decadal Oscillation ID OREGON PRODUCTION AREA; PACIFIC-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OCEAN CONDITIONS; NORTH PACIFIC; SURVIVAL; FISH AB Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to investigate the relationships between annual recruitment of natural coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from Oregon coastal rivers and indices of the physical ocean environment. Nine indices were examined, ranging from large-scale ocean indicators, e.g., Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), to indicators of the local ecosystem (e.g., coastal water temperature near Charleston, OR). Generalized additive models with two and three predictor variables were evaluated using a set of performance metrics aimed at quantifying model skill in short-term (approximately 1 yr) forecasting. High explanatory power and promising forecast skill resulted when the spring/summer PDO averaged over the 4 yr prior to the return year was used to explain a low-frequency (multi-year) pattern in recruitment and one or two additional variables accounted for year-to-year deviations from the low-frequency pattern. More variance was explained when averaging the predictions from a set of models (i.e., taking the ensemble mean) than by any single model. Making multiple forecasts from a set of models also provided a range of possible outcomes that reflected, to some degree, the uncertainty in our understanding of how salmon productivity is driven by physical ocean conditions. C1 [Rupp, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wainwright, Thomas C.; Lawson, Peter W.; Peterson, William T.] NOAA NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Rupp, DE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 326 Strand Ag Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.rupp@oregonstate.edu RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X; FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) [09-10] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program (project #09-10). We thank Jim Ruzicka for his thoughtful input and Brian Burke, Robert Kope, Ed Casillas and three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 60 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00605.x PG 19 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 858KC UT WOS:000297794600001 ER PT J AU Werner, S AF Werner, Sam TI Observation of Berry's Geometric Phase by Neutron Interferometry SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Berry's geometric phase; Neutron interferometry; Spin precession; Dynamical phase ID PANCHARATNAM PHASE; TOPOLOGICAL PHASE; DYNAMICAL PHASES; 2PI ROTATIONS; PRECESSION; OBSERVABILITY; DIFFRACTION; FERMIONS AB On the 25th anniversary of Berry's historic papers on the geometric phase, I discuss here our neutron interferometry experiment in which this phase is clearly separated from the dynamical phase. The connection of this experiment to the observation of the sign reversal of the wave function of a fermion during a 2 pi precession in a magnetic field by three groups independently in 1975 is discussed. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Werner, S (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sam.werner@verizon.net NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 122 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s10701-010-9526-z PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 869PE UT WOS:000298609400012 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW Dziak, RP Haxel, JH Embley, RW Matsumoto, H AF Chadwick, W. W., Jr. Dziak, R. P. Haxel, J. H. Embley, R. W. Matsumoto, H. TI Submarine landslide triggered by volcanic eruption recorded by in situ hydrophone SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STROMBOLI VOLCANO; DECEMBER 2002; TSUNAMI; RIDGE AB NW Rota-1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc that is notable as the site where underwater explosive eruptions were first witnessed in A. D. 2004. After years of continuous low-level eruptive activity, a major landslide occurred at NW Rota-1 in August 2009, triggered by an unusually large eruption that produced 10 times the acoustic energy of the background level of activity. An anomalous earthquake swarm preceded the eruption, suggesting that the sequence started with a magmatic intrusion and associated faulting beneath the volcano. We quantify the size and extent of the landslide using bathymetric resurveys and interpret the timing of events using data from an in situ hydrophone. This is the first instrumental documentation of an earthquake-eruption-landslide sequence at a submarine volcano, and illustrates the close interaction between magmatic activity and mass wasting events in the growth of undersea arc volcanoes. C1 [Chadwick, W. W., Jr.; Dziak, R. P.; Haxel, J. H.; Matsumoto, H.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Embley, R. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.chadwick@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0751776]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation grant OCE-0751776; additional support was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ocean Exploration and Vents Programs. The crews of R/V Thompson, R/V Kilo Moana, and ROV Jason provided outstanding logistical support for this research. Susan Merle processed the multibeam sonar data in Figure 1. Discussions with Del Bohnenstiehl, Ashley Shuler, Frank Trusdell, Jim Dixon, Kanoa Koyanagi, Marie Eble, Mick Spillane, and Vasily Titov were very helpful. Reviews by Jackie Caplan-Auerbach, Maya Tolstoy, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. This is Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution 3716. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1130/G32495.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 866VK UT WOS:000298414000013 ER PT J AU Bianga, J Ballihaut, G Pecheyran, C Touat, Z Preud'homme, H Mounicou, S Chavatte, L Lobinski, R Szpunar, J AF Bianga, Juliusz Ballihaut, Guillaume Pecheyran, Christophe Touat, Zahia Preud'homme, Hugues Mounicou, Sandra Chavatte, Laurent Lobinski, Ryszard Szpunar, Joanna TI Detection of selenoproteins in human cell extracts by laser ablation-ICP MS after separation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotting SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SELENIUM AB Laser ablation-ICP MS was optimized for the sensitive detection of selenoproteins in polyacrylamide gel and PVDF membrane after blotting. For this purpose, two interlaboratory reference samples were prepared: glutathione peroxidase band in the gel and on the membrane, respectively. The optimisation was carried out using two systems: 213 nm laser (Newwave)-Agilent 7500ce ICP MS, and a 1030 nm high repetition rate femtosecond laser with galvanometric optics (Novalase)-PE/SCIEX DRCII. Sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio were benchmarked to those obtained for the same sample by a recently published method in a reference lab. The optimization allowed a 12-fold gain of the S/N ratio during ablation of gels and a 3.5-fold gain in the ablation of blots in comparison with the method using an essentially similar system published by the reference lab. The gain of S/N by increasing ablation surface using the high repetition rate laser was not as spectacular as expected (2.5-fold for the gels and 1.5-fold for the blots) as the background noise increased considerably when a larger surface is ablated due to selenoproteins peak tailing. The study allowed for the first time LA-ICP MS detection of selenoproteins (separated by gel electrophoresis) in human cell extracts with the selenium concentration at the 10 ng ml(-1) level. C1 [Bianga, Juliusz; Pecheyran, Christophe; Preud'homme, Hugues; Mounicou, Sandra; Szpunar, Joanna] CNRS UPPA, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm, UMR5254, F-64053 Pau, France. [Ballihaut, Guillaume] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Touat, Zahia; Chavatte, Laurent] CNRS, UPR 3404 FRC3115, Ctr Genet Mol, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lobinski, Ryszard] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00664 Warsaw, Poland. RP Bianga, J (reprint author), CNRS UPPA, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm, UMR5254, Helioparc 2,Av Pr Angot, F-64053 Pau, France. FU ANR [ANR-09-BLAN-0048-01 SELENOPROTEOME]; Aquitaine Region; FEDER [20071303002PFP]; French Ministry of Education FX The authors acknowledge the support of the ANR Project No ANR-09-BLAN-0048-01 SELENOPROTEOME as well as of Aquitaine Region and FEDER (Convention 20071303002PFP). JB acknowledges the fellowship of the French Ministry of Education. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1039/c1ja10239g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 868TG UT WOS:000298548000003 ER PT J AU Lawn, BR Cook, RF AF Lawn, Brian R. Cook, Robert F. TI Probing material properties with sharp indenters: a retrospective SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SODA-LIME GLASS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS TEST; PLASTIC INDENTATION DAMAGE; STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; DEPTH-SENSING INDENTATION; STRESSED THIN-FILMS; BRITTLE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; VICKERS INDENTATION AB A retrospective on the use of sharp, fixed-profile indenters as materials probes is presented. Indentation is proposed as a simple but powerful methodology for evaluating basic mechanical properties-elastic modulus, hardness, toughness-in all classes of materials. Indentation also provides unique insight into fundamental deformation and fracture processes. Of particular interest is the existence of intrinsic size effects as characteristic contact dimensions pass from macro- to micro- to nano-scale dimensions. The utility of indentations as 'controlled flaws' in the context of strength of materials is outlined. The roles of two other important material factors-rate effects and microstructure-are considered. Examples of technological and biological applications are presented as illustrations of the widespread power of the technique. Strengths and limitations of the methodology as a routine testing protocol are discussed. C1 [Lawn, Brian R.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brianlawn@gmail.com NR 187 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10853-011-5865-1 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 865QS UT WOS:000298326000001 ER PT J AU Maps, F Runge, JA Leising, A Pershing, AJ Record, NR Plourde, S Pierson, JJ AF Maps, Frederic Runge, Jeffrey A. Leising, Andrew Pershing, Andrew J. Record, Nicholas R. Plourde, Stephane Pierson, James J. TI Modelling the timing and duration of dormancy in populations of Calanus finmarchicus from the Northwest Atlantic shelf SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dormancy; numerical modelling; Calanus; lipid accumulation window; individual-based modelling; genetic algorithm; pattern-oriented modelling; Atlantic; Gulf of St. Lawrence; Gulf of Maine ID ST-LAWRENCE ESTUARY; GEORGES BANK; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; DEVELOPMENT RATES; OCEANIC COPEPOD; EGG-PRODUCTION; SCOTIAN SHELF; MAINE REGION; LABRADOR SEA AB Calanus finmarchicus relies on dormancy to thrive in the seasonal environment of the boreal Atlantic. The lipid accumulation window (LAW) hypothesis proposes that a seasonal window of environmental conditions allows developing individuals to store enough lipids for dormancy to be safely initiated. Successful dormancy requires a sufficient amount of lipids to fulfil the reduced metabolic demand of the dormant individual and to sustain the final maturation process. We used a pattern-oriented modelling approach that implements the LAW hypothesis and employs a genetic algorithm for parameter estimation, in order to reproduce the observed phenology and demography of C. finmarchicus populations from the two contrasting regions, the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) and the Gulf of Maine (GoM) in the northwest Atlantic shelf. In the GSL, the model reproduced the timing of dormancy, the abundance and individual condition of late copepodid stages. In the GoM, the model produced a semi-annual dormancy pattern, as no locally produced individual could last the 6-8 months of dormancy inferred from the available observations. Further testing requires extending demographic time series, including lipid condition of late copepodid stages in the GoM, and the implementation of a 3-D modelling framework that would explicitly address the complex interactions between circulation and population dynamics of C. finmarchicus over the entire northwest Atlantic shelf. C1 [Maps, Frederic; Runge, Jeffrey A.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Record, Nicholas R.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Maps, Frederic; Runge, Jeffrey A.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Record, Nicholas R.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Leising, Andrew] NOAA SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Plourde, Stephane] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Pierson, James J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Maps, F (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM frederic.maps@gmail.com RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; Maps, Frederic/L-4546-2013 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; Maps, Frederic/0000-0001-7115-2464 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0815336] FX This research was supported by a National Science Foundation award OCE-0815336 and is contribution #712 to the U.S. GLOBEC program. NR 76 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 53 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 36 EP 54 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbr088 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 863SC UT WOS:000298187200003 ER PT J AU Burton, BP van de Walle, A Stokes, HT AF Burton, Benjamin Paul van de Walle, Axel Stokes, Harold T. TI First Principles Phase Diagram Calculations for the Octahedral-Interstitial System ZrOX, 0 <= X <= 1/2 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE ZrOX; Zr suboxides; zircalloy; first principles; phase diagram calculation; vacancy-interstitial ordering; order-disorder; alloy theory AB First principles based phase diagram calculations were performed for the octahedral-interstitial solid solution system alpha ZrOX (alpha Zr[](1-X)O-X; [] equivalent to vacancy; 0 <= X <= 1/2). The cluster expansion method was used for ground state analysis, and to calculate the phase diagram. The predicted diagram has four ordered ground-states in the range 0 <= X <= 1/2, but one of these, at X = 5/12, is predicted to disproportionate at T approximate to 20 K, well below the experimentally investigated range T approximate to 420 K. Thus, at T greater than or similar to 420 K, the first-principles based calculation predicts three ordered phases rather than the four that have been reported by experimentalists. C1 [Burton, Benjamin Paul] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [van de Walle, Axel] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stokes, Harold T.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov; avdw@caltech.edu; stokesh@byu.edu RI van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 81 IS 1 AR 014004 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.81.014004 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 868VA UT WOS:000298553000022 ER PT J AU Atencia, J Cooksey, GA Locascio, LE AF Atencia, Javier Cooksey, Gregory A. Locascio, Laurie E. TI A robust diffusion-based gradient generator for dynamic cell assays SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; COMPLEX GRADIENTS; CHEMOTAXIS; CULTURE; MIGRATION AB This manuscript describes a new method to generate purely diffusive chemical gradients that can be modified in time. The device is simple in its design and easy to use, which makes it amenable to study biological processes that involve static or dynamic chemical gradients such as chemotaxis. We describe the theory underlying the convection-free gradient generator, illustrate the design to implement the theory, and present a protocol to align multiple layers of double sided tape and laminates to fabricate the device. Using this device, a population of mammalian cells was exposed to different concentrations of a toxin within a concentration gradient in a 48 h experiment. Cells were probed dynamically by cycling the gradient on and off, and cell response was monitored using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. The experiment and results illustrate the type of applications involving dynamic cell behavior that can be targeted with this type of gradient generator. C1 [Atencia, Javier; Cooksey, Gregory A.; Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atencia, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jatencia@nist.gov RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012 FU NIST Office FX We acknowledge John Elliott, Michael Halter, Anne Plant and Daniel Sisan for helpful discussions. We thank Connie Rogers-Newcome from Adhesive Research. Inc for providing doublesided tape samples. Part of this work was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanofabrication facility that is partially sponsored by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1039/c1lc20829b PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 874NB UT WOS:000298964100010 PM 22113489 ER PT J AU Waggett, RJ Hardison, DR Tester, PA AF Waggett, Rebecca J. Hardison, D. Ransom Tester, Patricia A. TI Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Copepod grazing; Harmful algae; Toxic dinoflagellate; Chemical deterrent; Karenia brevis; Brevetoxin ID COPEPOD ACARTIA-TONSA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; EGG-PRODUCTION; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; KARLODINIUM-VENEFICUM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; ESTUARINE COPEPOD AB Zooplankton grazers are capable of influencing food-web dynamics by exerting top-down control over phytoplankton prey populations. Certain toxic or unpalatable algal species have evolved mechanisms to disrupt grazer control, thereby facilitating the formation of massive, monospecific blooms. The harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming dinoflagellate Karenia brevis has been associated with lethal and sublethal effects on zooplankton that may offer both direct and indirect support of bloom formation and maintenance. Reductions in copepod grazing on K. brevis have been attributed to acute physiological incapacitation and nutritional inadequacy. To evaluate the potential toxicity or nutritional inadequacy of K. brevis, food removal and egg production experiments were conducted using the copepod Acartia tonsa and K. brevis strains CCMP 2228, Wilson, and SP-1, characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as having high, low, and no brevetoxin levels, respectively. Variable grazing rates were found in experiments involving mixtures of toxic CCMP 2228 and Wilson strains. However, in experiments with toxic CCMP 2228 and non-toxic SP-1 strains, A. tonsa grazed SP-1 at significantly higher rates than the toxic alternative. Additionally, A. tonsa experienced significantly greater mortality when exposed to toxic K. brevis strains, particularly after prolonged exposure. Egg production rates of copepods fed toxic K. brevis strains were similar to those of starved copepods, while those of copepods fed non-toxic SP-1 and the nutritious Rhodomonas salina were significantly higher. Analysis indicates that K. brevis impacts grazer populations via multiple synergistic mechanisms: (1) decreased ingestion rates, (2) decreased egg production, and (3) increased mortality of copepods through a combination of toxicity and nutritional inadequacy. C1 [Waggett, Rebecca J.; Hardison, D. Ransom; Tester, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Waggett, RJ (reprint author), Univ Tampa, 401 W Kennedy Blvd, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. EM rwaggett@ut.edu FU National Research Council; CCFHR; NOS; NOAA FX We are grateful to E. J. Buskey of The University of Texas, Marine Science Institute for generously providing cultures of Karenia brevis strain SP-1; W. G. Sunda and R. W. Litaker for their critical review of the manuscript; and the insights of 3 anonymous reviewers. Funding for R.J.W. was provided through a National Research Council RAP postdoctoral research associateship funded by the CCFHR, NOS, NOAA. NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 444 BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.3354/meps09401 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 874PP UT WOS:000298970900002 ER PT J AU Jarvis, JC Moore, KA Kenworthy, WJ AF Jarvis, Jessie C. Moore, Kenneth A. Kenworthy, W. Judson TI Characterization and ecological implication of eelgrass life history strategies near the species' southern limit in the western North Atlantic SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Zostera marina; Life-history; Annual; Perennial; Seed bank; Biomass ID ZOSTERA-MARINA L; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; AQUATIC PLANT; SEED; SEAGRASSES; PHENOLOGY; L.; RECOLONIZATION AB Eelgrass Zostera marina L. populations located near the species southern limit in the western North Atlantic were assessed monthly from July 2007 through November 2008. We identified (1) dominant life history strategies and local environmental conditions in southern Z. marina populations, (2) quantified differences in reproductive phenology between populations and different local environmental conditions, and (3) compared reproductive strategies to established annual and perennial life history paradigms. Observed populations expressed both life history strategies with one Z. marina population completely losing aboveground biomass and reestablishing from seeds (annual model) while another population retained aboveground biomass throughout the year (perennial model). A third life history strategy, characterized here as a mixed-annual population, was also observed after some seedlings were found to reproduce both sexually and asexually during their first year of growth thereby not conforming to any currently established life history paradigm. Development of multiple life history strategies within this region may be in response to stressful summer water temperatures associated with the southern edge of the species' range. We suggest that neither annual nor perennial life history strategies always provide a superior mechanism for population persistence as perennial populations can be susceptible to multiple consecutive years of stress, and annual populations are unable to fully exploit available resources throughout much of the year. The mixed-annual strategy observed here represents another possible life history model which may provide the mechanism necessary for Z. marina populations to persist during times of environmental transition. C1 [Jarvis, Jessie C.; Moore, Kenneth A.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Jarvis, JC (reprint author), Richard Stockton Coll New Jersey, Galloway, NJ 08205 USA. EM jessie.jarvis@stockton.edu RI Jarvis, Jessie/M-5929-2013 OI Jarvis, Jessie/0000-0001-8467-0287 FU National Estuarine Research Reserve Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Virginia Institute of Marine Science; Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research FX The authors would like to thank the National Estuarine Research Reserve Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Graduate Research Assistantship Program for funding. Field and laboratory support was provided by the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research. We would also like to thank Erin Shields, Brittany Haywood, Giuseppe Di Carlo, Brooke Landry, and Brandon Jarvis for field and laboratory assistance. This is contribution number 3183 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. NR 72 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 444 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.3354/meps09428 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 874PP UT WOS:000298970900004 ER PT J AU Adamack, AT Stow, CA Mason, DM Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Adamack, Aaron T. Stow, Craig A. Mason, Doran M. Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. TI Predicting the effects of freshwater diversions on juvenile brown shrimp growth and production: a Bayesian-based approach SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Farfantepenaeus aztecus; Restoration; Salt marsh; Freshwater diversion; Mississippi River; Louisiana ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PENAEUS-AZTECUS IVES; FARFANTEPENAEUS-AZTECUS; NORTHERN GULF; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SETIFERUS LINNAEUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WETLAND LOSS AB Freshwater diversions from the Mississippi River may help restore coastal wetlands in Louisiana, but their implementation will alter temperature and salinity regimes, potentially affecting juvenile shrimp growth and production. We developed a bioenergetics model for brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus to investigate water temperature and salinity effects on brown shrimp growth. The model used a Bayesian framework that provided estimates of parameter and model uncertainty. Temperature affected shrimp metabolism, whereas salinity modified food availability. Mortality was modeled using a size-dependent function. We examined the effects of diversion timing (February, March, April and May), length (2x 14, as well as 30 and 60 d), temperature change (+1, 0, -1, -5 and -10 degrees C), initial salinity (5, 15, 25), salinity during the diversion (2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) and prey biomass response time (7, 14 and 28 d) on juvenile brown shrimp production. Diversions during February and March had little effect on shrimp, but 30 and 60 d diversions starting in April and May often had large, negative effects on production. April and May diversions that dropped water temperature by 5 degrees C or more could decrease juvenile brown shrimp production by 40 to 60% compared with the baseline, no diversion scenarios. Whether changes in salinity had a positive or negative effect on brown shrimp production depended on the initial salinity of the scenario. Longer diversions and slower prey response times extended the duration brown shrimp were exposed to either the positive or negative effects of diversions, and this magnified the overall (positive or negative) effect on shrimp production. Limiting diversions to February and March when brown shrimp populations are not abundant would minimize negative effects on shrimp production, though managers will be constrained by the needs of other species such as oysters, as well as ecosystem considerations. C1 [Adamack, Aaron T.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Stow, Craig A.; Mason, Doran M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Adamack, AT (reprint author), Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM aaron.adamack@canberra.edu.au OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Adamack, Aaron/0000-0002-9746-5351 FU Northern Gulf Institute; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory FX Personnel from the NOAA Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Fishery Ecology Branch assisted in conducting the field growth experiments and processing the growth data used to develop the model. We thank T. Kramer for the preparation of a much improved version of Fig. 3. We acknowledge funding of this research project from the Northern Gulf Institute, Southeast Fisheries Science Center and the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA. This is contribution number 1600 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 83 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 444 BP 155 EP 173 DI 10.3354/meps09431 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 874PP UT WOS:000298970900012 ER PT J AU Bartolino, V Ciannelli, L Spencer, P Wilderbuer, TK Chan, KS AF Bartolino, Valerio Ciannelli, Lorenzo Spencer, Paul Wilderbuer, Thomas K. Chan, Kung-Sik TI Scale-dependent detection of the effects of harvesting a marine fish population SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Spatial distribution; Local exploitation; Regional exploitation; Scale; Yellowfin sole; Bering Sea ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; PLEURONECTES ASPER; EXTINCTION RISK; YELLOWFIN SOLE; FISHERIES; FLATFISH; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSEQUENCES; VARIABILITY; DEPLETION AB Certain ecological processes dominate others at particular scales, and the response of populations to exogenous and endogenous forces are typically scale dependent. In spite of this central role played by scale, the temporal and spatial scales of human impacts on ecosystems and populations remain almost unknown. We applied a multiscale regression analysis to investigate the spatiotemporal scales which characterize the fisheries exploitation of yellowfin sole Limanda aspera in the Bering Sea. We found that harvesting affects the abundance of this species simultaneously at local and regional scales. At the local scale harvesting produced a negative effect on local fish densities, particularly in those areas and seasons of high fish aggregation, when both the vulnerability of the fish and the fishing effort increase. At the regional scale harvesting was characterized by a widespread negative effect on the whole fish population. Our findings demonstrate that (1) detection of the fisheries exploitation effects on natural populations is sensitive to the scale of investigation, (2) fisheries harvesting can simultaneously affect multiple ecological scales which are not linearly correlated with each other. We developed analytical techniques for the detection of scale-dependent processes, which can be readily applied to other systems. Our results provide insights on the risks of extrapolating the effects of harvesting on natural populations across scales, making the issues of scale and space central to the management and conservation of natural populations. C1 [Bartolino, Valerio] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Resources, Inst Marine Res, S-45321 Lysekil, Sweden. [Bartolino, Valerio] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Reg Climate Grp, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spencer, Paul; Wilderbuer, Thomas K.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chan, Kung-Sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Bartolino, V (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Resources, Inst Marine Res, S-45321 Lysekil, Sweden. EM valerio.bartolino@slu.se FU North Pacific Research Board [709]; US National Science Foundation [NSF-0934617] FX This work is funded by the North Pacific Research Board as part of project 709. We are grateful for partial support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF-0934617) for L.C. and K.S.C. We also thank L.C. Stige, E. Edeline, N. Bacheler, S. Kotwicki, S. Barbeaux, A. Belgrano and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript, and the scientists of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (RACE division) who collected data in the eastern Bering Sea groundfish survey. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 444 BP 251 EP U272 DI 10.3354/meps09434 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 874PP UT WOS:000298970900018 ER PT J AU Dholabhai, PP Anwar, S Adams, JB Crozier, PA Sharma, R AF Dholabhai, Pratik P. Anwar, Shahriar Adams, James B. Crozier, Peter A. Sharma, Renu TI Predicting the optimal dopant concentration in gadolinium doped ceria: a kinetic lattice Monte Carlo approach SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; SIMULATION; CE1-XGDXO2-X/2; GD3+ AB Gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) is a promising alternative electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells that offers the possibility of operation in the intermediate temperature range (773-1073 K). To determine the optimal dopant concentration in GDC, we have employed a systematic approach of applying a 3D kinetic lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) model of vacancy diffusion in conjunction with previously calculated activation energies for vacancy migration in GDC as inputs. KLMC simulations were performed including the vacancy repelling effects in GDC. Increasing the dopant concentration increases the vacancy concentration, which increases the ionic conductivity. However, at higher concentrations, vacancy-vacancy repulsion impedes vacancy diffusion, and together with vacancy trapping by dopants decreases the ionic conductivity. The maximum ionic conductivity is predicted to occur at approximate to 20% to 25% mole fraction of Gd dopant. Placing Gd dopants in pairs, instead of randomly, was found to decrease the conductivity by approximate to 50%. Overall, the trends in ionic conductivity results obtained using the KLMC model developed in this work are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. This KLMC model can be applied to a variety of ceria-based electrolyte materials for predicting the optimum dopant concentration. C1 [Dholabhai, Pratik P.; Anwar, Shahriar; Adams, James B.; Crozier, Peter A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sharma, Renu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dholabhai, PP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM pratik.dholabhai@asu.edu; anwar@asu.edu; jim.adams@asu.edu; crozier@asu.edu; renu.sharma@nist.gov RI Dholabhai, Pratik/A-2366-2015 FU Department of Energy [DE-PS02-06ER06-17] FX This paper is based upon the work supported by the Department of Energy under the Grant No DE-PS02-06ER06-17. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Fulton High Performance Computing Initiative (HPCI) at the Arizona State University for the computational resources. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 AR 015004 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/20/1/015004 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 866UE UT WOS:000298409300004 ER PT J AU Singh, N Jenkins, GJS Nelson, BC Marquis, BJ Williams, PM Wright, C Doak, SH AF Singh, Neenu Jenkins, Gareth J. S. Nelson, Bryant C. Marquis, Bryce J. Williams, Paul M. Wright, Chris Doak, Shareen H. TI Iron redox state: an underlying culprit in the genotoxicity of ultrafine superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Singh, Neenu; Jenkins, Gareth J. S.; Doak, Shareen H.] Swansea Univ, Coll Med, Inst Life Sci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Nelson, Bryant C.; Marquis, Bryce J.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, Paul M.; Wright, Chris] Swansea Univ, Sch Engn, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnol Ctr, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 MA 91 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 866MP UT WOS:000298385400102 ER PT J AU Sun, XL Huls, NF Sigdel, A Sun, SH AF Sun, Xiaolian Huls, Natalie Frey Sigdel, Aruna Sun, Shouheng TI Tuning Exchange Bias in Core/Shell FeO/Fe3O4 Nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE FeO nanoparticles; controlled oxidation; core/shell FeO/Fe3O4; exchange bias AB Monodisperse 35 nm FeO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and oxidized in a dry air atmosphere into core/shell FeO/Fe3O4 NPs with both FeO core and Fe3O4 shell dimensions controlled by reaction temperature and time. Temperature-dependent magnetic properties were studied on FeO/Fe3O4 NPs obtained from the FeO NPs oxidized at 60 and 100 degrees C for 30 min. A large exchange bias (shift in the hysteresis loop) was observed in these core/shell NPs. The relative dimensions of the core and shell determine not only the coercivity and exchange field but also the dominant reversal mechanism of the ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 component. This is the first time demonstration of tuning exchange bias and of controlling asymmetric magnetization reversal in FeO/Fe3O4 NPs with antiferromagnetic core and ferrimagnetic shell. C1 [Huls, Natalie Frey] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, Xiaolian; Sigdel, Aruna; Sun, Shouheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Huls, NF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM natalie.huls@nist.gov; ssun@brown.edu FU DOE/EPSCoR [DE-FG02-07ER36374] FX The work was supported in part by DOE/EPSCoR DE-FG02-07ER36374. NR 16 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 13 U2 109 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1021/nl2034514 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100043 PM 22132824 ER PT J AU Townsend, E Bryant, GW AF Townsend, Emily Bryant, Garnett W. TI Plasmonic Properties of Metallic Nanoparticles: The Effects of Size Quantization SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Metallic nanoparticles; quantum plasmonics; surface plasmons; quantum core plasmons; size quantization; TDDFT ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; SPHERES; TIME; PHOTOABSORPTION; MICROCLUSTERS; NANOSHELLS; TUNABILITY AB We examine the size quantization of plasmons in metallic nanopartides using time-dependent density functional theory. For small particles in the quantum limit, we identify "quantum core plasmons" and "classical surface plasmons", both of which are collective oscillations comprised of multiple single-particle transitions. As particle size increases, the response of the classical surface plasmons becomes much larger than that of the quantum core plasmons. C1 [Townsend, Emily] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Townsend, E (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ETownsend@eml.cc; Garnett.Bryant@nist.gov NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1021/nl2037613 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100075 PM 22181554 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Zachariah, MR Zangmeister, CD AF Ma, Xiaofei Zachariah, Michael R. Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Crumpled Nanopaper from Graphene Oxide SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; graphene oxide; crumpling; fractal dimension; aerosol; ion mobility ID CONFORMATIONS; NANOCRYSTALS; ANISOTROPY; MEMBRANES; SHEETS AB Graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous solution was aerosolized and rapidly dried to produce crumpled nanopaper-like sheets. Online size selection and aerosol mass analysis was used to determine the fractal dimension (D) of crumpled GO nanosheets as 2.54 +/- 0.04. That is identical to macroscale materials, such as crumpled balls of paper and foil. Thermal reduction of crumpled GO nanosheets did not change D, even after loss of nearly 25% of the nanosheets mass. We demonstrate that D is able to be tuned by altering solvent conditions. A 10% acetone mixture increased D to 2.68 +/- 0.02. Calculations of the confinement force show that crumpling of GO nanosheets is driven by the capillary force associated with rapid solvent loss. C1 [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.; Zangmeister, Christopher D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.zangmeister@nist.gov RI Ma, Xiaofei/B-3569-2011 NR 15 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 9 U2 114 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 486 EP 489 DI 10.1021/nl203964z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100085 PM 22185469 ER PT J AU Ruzmetov, D Oleshko, VP Haney, PM Lezec, HJ Karki, K Baloch, KH Agrawal, AK Davydov, AV Krylyuk, S Liu, Y Huang, JY Tanase, M Cumings, J Talin, AA AF Ruzmetov, Dmitry Oleshko, Vladimir P. Haney, Paul M. Lezec, Henri J. Karki, Khim Baloch, Kamal H. Agrawal, Amit K. Davydov, Albert V. Krylyuk, Sergiy Liu, Yang Huang, Jian Y. Tanase, Mihaela Cumings, John Talin, A. Alec TI Electrolyte Stability Determines Scaling Limits for Solid-State 3D Li Ion Batteries SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lithium ion battery; nanowire; nanobattery; in situ transmission electron microscopy; electrolyte; breakdown; space-charge limited conduction ID THIN-FILM LITHIUM; ARCHITECTURES; SENSOR; MEMS AB Rechargeable, all-solid-state Li ion batteries (LIBs) with high specific capacity and small footprint are highly desirable to power an emerging class of miniature, autonomous microsystems that operate without a hardwire for power or communications. A variety of three-dimensional (3D) LIB architectures that maximize areal energy density has been proposed to address this need. The success of all of these designs depends on an ultrathin, conformal electrolyte layer to electrically isolate the anode and cathode while allowing Li ions to pass through. However, we find that a substantial reduction in the electrolyte thickness, into the nanometer regime, can lead to rapid self-discharge of the battery even when the electrolyte layer is conformal and pinhole free. We demonstrate this by fabricating individual, solid-state nanowire core-multishell LEBs (NWLIBs) and cycling these inside a transmission electron microscope. For nanobatteries with the thinnest electrolyte, approximate to 110 nm, we observe rapid self-discharge, along with void formation at the electrode/electrolyte interface, indicating electrical and chemical breakdown. With electrolyte thickness increased to 180 nm, the self-discharge rate is reduced substantially, and the NWLIBs maintain a potential above 2 V for over 2 h. Analysis of the nanobatteries' electrical characteristics reveals space-charge limited electronic conduction, which effectively shorts the anode and cathode electrodes directly through the electrolyte. Our study illustrates that, at these nanoscale dimensions, the increased electric field can lead to large electronic current in the electrolyte, effectively shorting the battery. The scaling of this phenomenon provides useful guidelines for the future design of 3D LIBs. C1 [Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Haney, Paul M.; Lezec, Henri J.; Agrawal, Amit K.; Tanase, Mihaela; Talin, A. Alec] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Davydov, Albert V.; Krylyuk, Sergiy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Agrawal, Amit K.; Krylyuk, Sergiy; Tanase, Mihaela] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Karki, Khim; Baloch, Kamal H.; Cumings, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Yang; Huang, Jian Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM atalin@nist.gov RI Karki, Khim/B-2271-2012; Liu, Yang/C-9576-2012; Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Karki, Khim/0000-0002-0999-3964; Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814]; Office of Energy Research, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DESC0005456]; Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160] FX We thank Todd Brintlinger of NRL for providing the patterned Si3N4 membranes used for the in situ TEM experiments. D.R. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. V.O. acknowledges support by National Institute of Standards and Technology (contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814). K.H.B. was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DESC0005456. K.K. and J.C. were supported by Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0001160. Part of this work was performed at the Sandia-Los Alamos Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), a U.S. DOE, Office of BES user facility. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 10 U2 161 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1021/nl204047z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100088 PM 22185512 ER PT J AU Shepard, CC Agostini, VN Gilmer, B Allen, T Stone, J Brooks, W Beck, MW AF Shepard, Christine C. Agostini, Vera N. Gilmer, Ben Allen, Tashya Stone, Jeff Brooks, William Beck, Michael W. TI Assessing future risk: quantifying the effects of sea level rise on storm surge risk for the southern shores of Long Island, New York SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Storm surge; Risk; Social vulnerability; Sea level rise ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; VULNERABILITY; HAZARD; GOVERNMENT; IMPACTS; STATES; POLICY AB Sea level rise threatens to increase the impacts of future storms and hurricanes on coastal communities. However, many coastal hazard mitigation plans do not consider sea level rise when assessing storm surge risk. Here we apply a GIS-based approach to quantify potential changes in storm surge risk due to sea level rise on Long Island, New York. We demonstrate a method for combining hazard exposure and community vulnerability to spatially characterize risk for both present and future sea level conditions using commonly available national data sets. Our results show that sea level rise will likely increase risk in many coastal areas and will potentially create risk where it was not before. We find that even modest and probable sea level rise (.5 m by 2080) vastly increases the numbers of people (47% increase) and property loss (73% increase) impacted by storm surge. In addition, the resulting maps of hazard exposure and community vulnerability provide a clear and useful example of the visual representation of the spatial distribution of the components of risk that can be helpful for developing targeted hazard mitigation and climate change adaptation strategies. Our results suggest that coastal agencies tasked with managing storm surge risk must consider the effects of sea level rise if they are to ensure safe and sustainable coastal communities in the future. C1 [Shepard, Christine C.; Beck, Michael W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Nat Conservancy, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Agostini, Vera N.] Nature Conservancy, Miami, FL 33134 USA. [Gilmer, Ben] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Allen, Tashya; Brooks, William] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Stone, Jeff] Assoc State Floodplain Managers, Madison, WI 53713 USA. RP Shepard, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Nat Conservancy, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cshepard@tnc.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Nature Conservancy FX We thank Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research (CCSR) for the provision of data sets. This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and The Nature Conservancy. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 727 EP 745 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-0046-8 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 865SJ UT WOS:000298330300029 ER PT J AU Morrison, H de Boer, G Feingold, G Harrington, J Shupe, MD Sulia, K AF Morrison, Hugh de Boer, Gijs Feingold, Graham Harrington, Jerry Shupe, Matthew D. Sulia, Kara TI Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGET; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-ICE; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEAUFORT SEA; TEMPERATURE; AEROSOL AB The Arctic region is particularly sensitive to climate change. Mixed-phase clouds, comprising both ice and supercooled liquid water, have a large impact on radiative fluxes in the Arctic. These clouds occur frequently during all seasons in the region, where they often persist for many days at a time. This persistence is remarkable given the inherent instability of ice-liquid mixtures. In recent years it has emerged that feedbacks between numerous local processes, including the formation and growth of ice and cloud droplets, radiative cooling, turbulence, entrainment and surface fluxes of heat and moisture, interact to create a resilient mixed-phase cloud system. As well as the persistent mixed-phase cloud state there is another distinct Arctic state, characterized by radiatively clear conditions. The occurrence of either state seems to be related, in part, to large-scale environmental conditions. We suggest that shifts in the large-scale environment could alter the prevalence of mixed-phase clouds, potentially affecting surface radiative fluxes and the Arctic energy budget. C1 [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [de Boer, Gijs] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Harrington, Jerry; Sulia, Kara] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [de Boer, Gijs; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Univ Colorado Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Morrison, H (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM morrison@ucar.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; FU NOAA [NA08OAR4310543]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-08ER64574, DE-FG02-05ER63965, DE-FG02-05ER64058, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0425247]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. DOEnergy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE [DE-SC0002037]; NOAA's Climate Goal; NSF ARC [1023366]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0639542, AGS-0951807]; DOE's Office of Science FX Comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript by A. Gettelman, J. Kay and N. Johnson are appreciated. H.M. was partially supported by NOAA grant NA08OAR4310543, U.S. DOE DE-FG02-08ER64574, and the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. G.B. was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. DOEnergy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Climate and Earth System Modeling Program. G.F. was supported by DOE grant DE-SC0002037 and NOAA's Climate Goal. M.S. was supported by U.S. DOE grant DE-FG02-05ER63965 and NSF ARC 1023366. J.H. and K.S. were supported by NSF grant ATM-0639542 and grant AGS-0951807. J. H. received partial support through U.S. DOE grant DE-FG02-05ER64058. K.S. was also partially supported by an award from the DOE's Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program. We thank D. Fisher (NOAA) for assistance in drafting Fig. 3, and E. Edelson and the LBNL EETD computing team for their help in setting up a project wiki. Data for constructing Fig. 4 were obtained from the SHEBA Atmospheric Surface Flux Group. LBNL is managed by the University of California under U.S. DOE grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 99 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 80 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1038/NGEO1332 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 866WT UT WOS:000298417600009 ER PT J AU Sun, YB Clemens, SC Morrill, C Lin, XP Wang, XL An, ZS AF Sun, Youbin Clemens, Steven C. Morrill, Carrie Lin, Xiaopei Wang, Xulong An, Zhisheng TI Influence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the East Asian winter monsoon SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL CYCLE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ICE-CORE; CLIMATE; CHINA; RECORD; VARIABILITY; INSTABILITY; MECHANISM; SEDIMENTS AB The last glacial period was characterized by abrupt, millennial-scale climate change. These climate fluctuations are particularly pronounced in records of the East Asian monsoon system(1-8), and seem to be linked to changes in North Atlantic circulation. Here we present records of grain size variations from the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau, dated using optically stimulated luminescence. We reconstruct changes in the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon over the past 60,000 years and find reconstructed millennial-scale variations that are broadly correlated with temperature variations over Greenland, suggesting a common forcing. We investigate the effect of a slow-down of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the monsoon system using a coupled climate model simulation with added freshwater flux into the northern North Atlantic, and find a strengthening winter monsoon circulation over the regions that supply dust to the Loess Plateau and a reduction in summer monsoon precipitation over East Asia. We conclude that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is a driver of abrupt change in the East Asian winter and summer monsoon systems, and that the northern westerlies play a role in transmitting this signal from the North Atlantic to the Asian monsoon regions. C1 [Sun, Youbin; Wang, Xulong; An, Zhisheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. [Clemens, Steven C.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lin, Xiaopei] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. RP Sun, YB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. EM sunyb@ieecas.cn RI Wang, Xulong/B-9577-2012; AN, Zhisheng/F-8834-2012; Sun, Youbin/K-8357-2012; Loess, IEECAS/I-8075-2014 OI Wang, Xulong/0000-0001-7191-2515; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469; Sun, Youbin/0000-0002-6696-6620; FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB833403]; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX We thank Q. S. Liu, J. Bloemendal, J. Vandenberghe, D. Oppo, A. Wintle and S. G. Kang for discussions and suggestions. CCSM3 experiments completed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and available on the Earth System Grid (www.earthsystemgrid.org). This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB833403) and the 'One-hundred Talents' program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 30 TC 104 Z9 117 U1 13 U2 91 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1038/NGEO1326 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 866WT UT WOS:000298417600016 ER PT J AU Shinotsuka, H Tanuma, S Powell, CJ Penn, DR AF Shinotsuka, H. Tanuma, S. Powell, C. J. Penn, D. R. TI Calculations of electron stopping powers for 41 elemental solids over the 50 eV to 30 keV range with the full Penn algorithm SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE Electron stopping powers ID MEAN FREE PATHS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ENERGY-LOSS FUNCTION; OPTICAL-DATA; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; MODEL; METALS; CU; BACKSCATTERING AB We present mass collision electron stopping powers (SPs) for 41 elemental solids (Li, Be, graphite, diamond, glassy C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Sc, Ti, V. Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Y, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Cs, Gd, Tb, Dy, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and Bi) that were calculated from experimental energy-loss-function data with the full Penn algorithm for electron energies between 50 eV and 30 keV. Improved sets of energy-loss functions were used for 19 solids. Comparisons were made of these SPs with SPs calculated with the single-pole approximation, previous SP calculations, and experimental SPs. Generally satisfactory agreement was found with SPs from the single-pole approximation for energies above 100 eV, with other calculated SPs, and with measured SPs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Powell, C. J.; Penn, D. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shinotsuka, H.; Tanuma, S.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov RI Tanuma, Shigeo/H-2681-2011 NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 270 BP 75 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2011.09.016 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 867ND UT WOS:000298460200014 ER PT J AU Jiang, KQ Thomas, PC Forry, SP DeVoe, DL Raghavan, SR AF Jiang, Kunqiang Thomas, Peter C. Forry, Samuel P. DeVoe, Don L. Raghavan, Srinivasa R. TI Microfluidic synthesis of monodisperse PDMS microbeads as discrete oxygen sensors SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID EMULSIFICATION; POLYMER; DEVICE AB We describe the creation of monodisperse microbeads of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via a microfluidic approach. Using a flow-focusing configuration, a PDMS precursor solution is dispersed into microdroplets within an aqueous continuous phase. These droplets are collected and thermally cured off-chip into solid microbeads. Our microfluidic technique allows for direct integration of payloads into the PDMS microbeads. Specifically, we integrate an oxygen-sensitive porphyrin dye into the beads and show that the resulting structures can function as non-invasive and real-time oxygen microsensors utilizing a simple optical readout at the single-particle level. C1 [Thomas, Peter C.; DeVoe, Don L.; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jiang, Kunqiang; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Thomas, Peter C.; Forry, Samuel P.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP DeVoe, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddev@umd.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011; Jiang, Kunqiang/A-3324-2013; jiang, kunqiang/G-1722-2014 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993; FU UMD Center for Energetic Concepts Development; DARPA FX This work was funded by grants from the UMD Center for Energetic Concepts Development and from DARPA. We thank the Maryland NanoCenter for facilitating the SEM studies. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 923 EP 926 DI 10.1039/c2sm06685h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 871RB UT WOS:000298754300004 ER PT J AU Cheggour, N Lu, XF Holesinger, TG Stauffer, TC Jiang, J Goodrich, LF AF Cheggour, N. Lu, X. F. Holesinger, T. G. Stauffer, T. C. Jiang, J. Goodrich, L. F. TI Reversible effect of strain on transport critical current in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x superconducting wires: a modified descriptive strain model SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID O-COATED CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITIES; TEMPERATURE SCALING LAW; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; AXIAL-STRAIN; BI-2212 CONDUCTORS; T-C; TAPES; DEPENDENCE; STRESS AB A reversible strain effect on transport critical current I-c was found in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) high-temperature superconducting round wires. I-c showed unambiguous reversibility at 4 K and 16 T up to an irreversible strain limit of about 0.3 % in longitudinal tension, prompting hope that the Bi-2212 conductor has the potential to sustain mechanical strains generated in high-field magnets. However, I-c was not reversible under longitudinal compression and buckling of Bi-2212 grain colonies was identified as the main reason. A two-component model was proposed, which suggests the presence of mechanically weak and strong Bi-2212 components within the wire filaments. Porosity embedded in the weak component renders it structurally unsupported and, therefore, makes it prone to cracking under strain epsilon. I-c(epsilon) is irreversible in tension if the weak component contributes to the transport critical current but becomes reversible once connectivity of the weak component is broken through strain increase or cycling. A modified descriptive strain model was also developed, which illustrates the effect of strain in the Bi-2212 conductor and supersedes the existing descriptive model. Unlike the latter, the new model suggests that higher pre-compressive strains should improve I-c if buckling of Bi-2212 grains does not occur, and should result in a wider I-c(epsilon) plateau in the applied tensile regime without degradation of the initial I-c. The new model postulates that a reversible strain effect should exist even in the applied compressive strain regime if buckling of Bi-2212 grains could be prevented through elimination of porosity and mechanical reinforcement of the wire. C1 [Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holesinger, T. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jiang, J.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cheggour@boulder.nist.gov RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012; Jiang, Jianyi/F-2549-2017 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065; Jiang, Jianyi/0000-0002-1094-2013 FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics FX We thank our colleagues at Los Alamos National Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Fermi National Lab, Brookhaven National Lab, Florida State University, North Carolina State University and Texas A&M University, who are part of the Very High Field Superconducting Magnet Collaboration (VHFSMC), for many and interesting discussions. This work was supported in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics. Certain commercial equipment or materials mentioned in this paper may be indirectly identified by their particular properties. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the equipment or materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/25/1/015001 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866VD UT WOS:000298413200014 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Goodrich, LF Haugan, TJ AF van der Laan, D. C. Goodrich, L. F. Haugan, T. J. TI High-current dc power transmission in flexible RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta coated conductor cables SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Transmission cables made from high-temperature superconductors have been successfully demonstrated within the electric power grid. These cables carry an ac current of up to 3000 A in a much smaller cross-sectional area than conventional transmission lines, but they are not flexible enough for certain applications that involve very tight cable bends. Certain on-board Air Force applications require 5 MW of dc power transmission at 270 V and current of 18 500 A and would benefit from superconducting transmission in lightweight, flexible cables that would be cooled with helium gas down to about 55 K. To address these needs, we have constructed a 10 mm diameter RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta (RE = rare earth) coated conductor cable that is lighter and more flexible than the current generation of superconducting cables, and that has a critical current of 7561 A at 76 K. The cable is expected to have a critical current of more than 20 000 A at 55 K and therefore will likely exceed the requirements for 5 MW on-board power transmission. The cable consists of two electrically insulated phases that can be operated in different modes, which allows us to study the effect of self-field on the cable performance. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Haugan, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Certain commercial materials are referred to in this paper to foster complete understanding. Such identification implies neither recommendation nor endorsement by NIST, nor that the materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 AR 014003 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/25/1/014003 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866VD UT WOS:000298413200005 ER PT J AU Yi, F La Van, DA AF Yi, Feng La Van, David A. TI Nanoscale thermal analysis for nanomedicine by nanocalorimetry SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HIGH COOLING RATE; CHIP CALORIMETRY; THIN-FILMS; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; PERSISTER CELLS; ENTHALPY ARRAYS; SENSOR; MICROCALORIMETRY; NANOPARTICLES AB Microfabricated nanocalorimeters sensitively measure the thermal properties of nanomaterials and can be used for biomedical and in vitro measurements. This review examines the capabilities of nanocalorimeters including specific applications to nanomedicine such as measurements of nanomaterial stability, protein crystallization, ligandprotein binding, phase transitions, phase separations, interfacial reactions, and sorptiondesorption phenomena. Widespread adoption of nanotechnology into clinical medicine will require a more complete understanding of the basic properties of nanomaterials, the relationship between nanomaterial processing, and physical properties and a deeper understanding of how nanomaterial physical properties control biological interactions. Nanocalorimetry is suitable where high sensitivity and high-rate thermal and thermodynamic measurements are needed. Because of their small size and rapid measurement speed, nanocalorimeters can be used for single measurements or with high throughput automation. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:3141. doi: 10.1002/wnan.155 C1 [Yi, Feng; La Van, David A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP La Van, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1939-5116 J9 WIRES NANOMED NANOBI JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1002/wnan.155 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 864SD UT WOS:000298259400003 PM 21766469 ER PT J AU Franaszek, M Cheok, GS Saidi, KS AF Franaszek, Marek Cheok, Geraldine S. Saidi, Kamel S. TI Experimental Verification of Formulas for Variances of Plane Parameters Fitted to Three-Dimensional Imaging Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Directional error function; nonlinear least squares (NLS); orthogonal error function; variances of fitted plane parameters; 3-D imaging systems ID RANGE DATA; 3D AB Nonlinear least squares method is applied to fit a plane to 3-D imaging data. Two different error functions used in fitting are tested: orthogonal and directional. Variances of fitted parameters are calculated either from a single data set using derived earlier analytical formulas or by repeating the scans at the same experimental settings. In the latter case, the variance is equal to the square of the standard deviation from the repeated scans. The results show that the orthogonal error function severely underestimates the variances calculated by using the mathematical formulas when compared to the variances calculated from multiple scans. The variances calculated from formulas based on the directional error function are in good agreement with the estimates calculated from multiple scans. Thus, the variances of the fitted plane parameter can be determined correctly from a single scan when proper formulas are used. This is important because multiple scans from the same location are typically not performed in the field. C1 [Franaszek, Marek; Cheok, Geraldine S.; Saidi, Kamel S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marek@nist.gov; cheok@nist.gov; kamel.saidi@nist.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2157720 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 860JG UT WOS:000297944000012 ER PT J AU Robertson, D AF Robertson, Doug TI Multidimensional Mind Benders SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Robertson, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 100 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 860PX UT WOS:000297961300006 ER PT J AU Yi, Z Nagao, M Bossev, DP AF Yi, Zheng Nagao, Michihiro Bossev, Dobrin P. TI Effect of charged lidocaine on static and dynamic properties of model bio-membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lidocaine; Phospholipid; Membrane; Neutron spin echo; Bending elasticity ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; ANESTHETIC-LIPID INTERACTION; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; SATURATED PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PREFERENTIAL LOCATION; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES AB The effect of the charged lidocaine on the structure and dynamics of DMPC/DMPG (mass fraction of 95/5) unilamellar vesicles has been investigated. Changes in membrane organization caused by the presence of lidocaine were detected through small angle neutron scattering experiments. Our results suggest that the presence of lidocaine in the vicinity of the headgroups of lipid membranes leads to an increase of the area per lipid molecule and to a decrease of membrane thickness. Such changes in membrane structure may induce disordering of the tail group. This scenario explains the reduction of the main transition temperature of lipid membranes, as the fraction of lidocaine per lipid molecules increases, which was evident from differential scanning calorimetry results. Furthermore neutron spin echo spectroscopy was used for the dynamics measurements and the results reveal that presence of charged lidocaine increases the bending elasticity of the lipid membranes in the fluid phase and slows the temperature-dependent change of bending elasticity across the main transition temperature. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bossev, Dobrin P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Yi, Zheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT ORNL Ctr Mol Biophys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bossev, DP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM dbossev@indiana.edu RI Yi, Zheng/F-7539-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-944772]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors acknowledge Tatiana Psurek for her help to our DSC measurements. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-944772. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We thank Antonio Faraone for his valuable discussion and his help with the data collection at NCNR and Larry Kneller for his support in our data analysis. NR 83 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 160 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2011.08.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 860QL UT WOS:000297962700003 PM 21982983 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Sato, T de la Varga, I Weiss, WJ AF Bentz, Dale P. Sato, Taijiro de la Varga, Igor Weiss, W. Jason TI Fine limestone additions to regulate setting in high volume fly ash mixtures SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Blended cement; High volume fly ash; Isothermal calorimetry; Limestone; Particle size; Setting; Strength; Ternary blend ID CEMENT; HYDRATION; POWDER; FILLER AB High volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete mixtures are being considered more frequently due to their cost and sustainability advantages. While the long term performance of these HVFA concretes typically meets or exceeds that of conventional concretes, their early age performance is often characterized by excessive retardation of the hydration reactions, delayed setting times, and low strengths. Extending an HVFA mixture to a ternary blend that incorporates a fine limestone powder may provide a viable solution to these deficiencies, particularly the hydration retardation and setting issues. In this paper, a nano-limestone powder and two other limestone fillers of increasing median particle size (4.4 mu m and 16.4 mu m) are investigated for their propensity to accelerate early age reactions and reduce setting times in a Class C fly ash/cement blend. The fineness of the limestone has measurable effects on its efficacy in accelerating hydration and decreasing setting times. Companion specimens prepared with a fine silica powder suggest that the fine limestone may act favorably through both a physical and a chemical mechanism. Isothermal calorimetry and Vicat needle penetration measurements on pastes are accompanied by strength measurements on mortars, to verify that the limestone powder substitutions are not negatively impacting strength development. A linear relationship with a reasonable correlation is found to exist between 1 d and 7 d compressive strengths of mortars and their accompanying cumulative heat release values as determined using isothermal calorimetry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sato, Taijiro] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. [de la Varga, Igor; Weiss, W. Jason] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; Taijiro.Sato@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; idelavar@purdue.edu; wjweiss@purdue.edu FU Purdue University; NIST [DTFH61-08-R-00034] FX The authors of this work acknowledge the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for partially supporting this project together with Purdue University and NIST (Project BAA No. DTFH61-08-R-00034). The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein, and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration, nor do the contents constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The authors would like to thank Mr. Max Peltz and Mr. John Win-pigler of the Engineering Laboratory at NIST for their assistance with the experimental program. They would also like to thank BASF, Carmeuse, Lafarge, and OMYA for providing materials for the current study. A careful review of the manuscript by Richard Meininger, Jose Munoz, and Jussara Tanesi of the FHWA is greatly appreciated. NR 26 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.09.004 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 860RQ UT WOS:000297965800002 ER PT S AU Lehman, JH Monte, C Hollandt, J Theocharous, T Theocharous, S Dowell, M AF Lehman, John H. Monte, Christian Hollandt, Joerg Theocharous, Theo Theocharous, Savva Dowell, Marla GP IEEE TI Efficiency of Carbon Nanotubes for Thermal Detectors SO 2012 37TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY SEP 23-28, 2012 CL Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, USN, Off Naval Res Sci & Technol, ETRI, UOW, Sch Engn Phys, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst, Victoria Suntech Adv Solar Facil, Swinburne, Ctr Micro Photon, Edinburgh Photon, Tydex, TRAS Inc, Inst Photon & Opt Sci, LakeShore, Australian Synchrotron, CSIRO, Univ Wollongong, Inst Superconducting & Elect Mat, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Univ Sydney, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc HO Univ Wollongong AB We discuss methods of adapting carbon nanotube arrays to various thermal detector platforms. In addition we present measurement results that underscore their merit. Specifically, we present reflectance measurements in the far infrared (30 THz to 0.5 THz) and spectral responsivity of pyroelectric and thermopile detectors. C1 [Lehman, John H.; Dowell, Marla] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4673-1597-5 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2012 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT74 UT WOS:000330301800172 ER PT B AU Kamide, H Mae, Y Kawabe, K Shigemi, S Arai, T AF Kamide, Hiroko Mae, Yasushi Kawabe, Koji Shigemi, Satoshi Arai, Tatsuo GP IEEE TI Effect of Human Attributes and Type of Robots on Psychological Evaluation of Humanoids SO 2012 IEEE WORKSHOP ON ADVANCED ROBOTICS AND ITS SOCIAL IMPACTS (ARSO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO) CY MAY 21-23, 2012 CL Tech Univ Munchen, Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Aldebaran Robot, Sensodrive, Cluster Excellence Cognit Tech Syst, TUM, Inst Adv Study HO Tech Univ Munchen AB In this study, we investigate the effect of the attributes of humans, such as sex and age, on their psychological evaluation of humanoids. We used 11 humanoids in order to investigate the basic tendency of humans to evaluate humanoids. In addition, we included wheeled-walking robots, biped-walking robots, and androids in order to consider the influence of the type of humanoid. We collected data from 2,624 Japanese individuals, ranging from teenagers to people in their 70s, in three major cities in order to obtain maximally representative data. For our psychological scale, we used a humanoid-oriented scale that was developed on the basis of parameters for the evaluation of humanoids according to the perspectives of ordinary people. These parameters are familiarity, utility, and humanness. The results show that middle-aged and older females tend to rate the familiarity and humanness of all humanoids higher, adolescents tend to rate the familiarity and utility of wheeled-walking humanoids higher and the utility of androids lower, and middle-aged people tend to rate the utility of all humanoids higher. We discuss the improved design of humanoids considering both human characteristics and types of humanoids. C1 [Kamide, Hiroko] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mae, Yasushi] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Mae, Yasushi] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kawabe, Koji] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kamide, H (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM HirokoKamide@boulder.nist.gov; YasushiMae@lamar.colostate.edu; KojiKawabe@nrim.go.jp FU ABC Foundation FX Resrach supported by ABC Foundation. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0482-5; 978-1-4673-0481-8 PY 2012 BP 40 EP 45 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BJK10 UT WOS:000328584400008 ER PT S AU Kacker, R Kessel, R Sommer, KD AF Kacker, Raghu Kessel, Ruediger Sommer, Klaus-Dieter BE Pavese, F Bar, M Filtz, JR Forbes, AB Pendrill, L Shirono, K TI ONLY NON-INFORMATIVE BAYESIAN PRIOR DISTRIBUTIONS AGREE WITH THE GUM TYPE A EVALUATIONS OF INPUT QUANTITIES SO ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS IN METROLOGY AND TESTING IX SE Series on Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tool in Metrology and Testing (AMC TM) CY JUN 20-22, 2011 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN SP IMEKO TC 21, SP, Chalmers Univ AB The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is self-consistent when Bayesian statistics is used for the Type A evaluations. We present the case that there are limitations on the kind of Bayesian statistics that can be used for the Type A evaluations of input quantities of the measurement function. The GUM recommends that the (central) measured value should be an unbiased estimate of the corresponding (true) quantity value. Also, the GUM uses the expected value of state-of-knowledge probability distributions as the (central) measured value for both the Type A and the Type B evaluations of input quantities. It turns out that the expected value of a Bayesian posterior distribution used as a Type A (central) measured value for an input quantity can be unbiased only when a non-informative prior distribution is used for that input quantity. Metrologically, this means that only the current observations without any additional information should be used to determine a Type A (central) measured value for an input quantity. C1 [Kacker, Raghu; Kessel, Ruediger] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sommer, Klaus-Dieter] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Kacker, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-0901 BN 978-981-4397-94-0 J9 SER ADV MATH APPL SC PY 2012 VL 84 BP 216 EP 223 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA BC2LE UT WOS:000351050200027 ER PT S AU Li, B Godil, A Johan, H AF Li, Bo Godil, Afzal Johan, Henry BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Fowlkes, C Wang, S Choi, MH Mantler, S Schulze, J Acevedo, D Mueller, K Papka, M TI Non-rigid and Partial 3D Model Retrieval Using Hybrid Shape Descriptor and Meta Similarity SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, ISVC 2012, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC) CY JUL 16-18, 2012 CL Rethymnon, GREECE SP BAE Syst, Intel, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs, Toyota, Gen Elect, UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA AB Non-rigid and partial 3D model retrieval are two significant and challenging research directions in the field of 3D model retrieval. Little work has been done in proposing a hybrid shape descriptor that works for both retrieval scenarios, let alone the integration of the component features of the hybrid shape descriptor in an adaptive way. In this paper, we propose a hybrid shape descriptor that integrates both geodesic distance-based global features and curvature-based local features. We also develop an adaptive algorithm to generate meta similarity resulting from different component features of the hybrid shape descriptor based on Particle Swarm Optimization. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our framework. It is general and can be applied to similar approaches that integrate more features for the development of a single algorithm for both non-rigid and partial 3D model retrieval. C1 [Li, Bo; Godil, Afzal] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johan, Henry] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Li, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bo.li@nist.gov; afzal.godil@nist.gov; henryjohan@ntu.edu.sg NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-33179-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7431 BP 199 EP 209 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD7LL UT WOS:000363266600020 ER PT S AU Arkema, KK Samhouri, JF AF Arkema, Katie K. Samhouri, Jameal F. BE Stephenson, RL Annala, JH Runge, JA HallArber, M TI Linking Ecosystem Health and Services to Inform Marine Ecosystem-Based Management SO ADVANCING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN THE GULF OF MARINE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Maine Symposium: Advancing Ecosystem Research for the Future of the Gulf CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries & Oceans Canada ID FOOD-WEB MODELS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ECOPATH; CLIMATE; WHALES; ECOSIM AB A growing variety and intensity of human activities threaten the health of marine ecosystems and the sustained delivery of services provided by oceans and coasts. The Gulf of Maine (GoM) is no exception to this trend, and as such, an ecosystem-based approach to managing the region has gained traction in recent years. The ultimate aim of marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) is to maintain ecosystem health (i.e., structure and function) and to sustain the full suite of ecosystem services on which people rely. Maintaining ecosystem health and sustaining services are related goals, both from a scientific and management perspective, yet in some cases, the interplay between the two is not well understood. Here, we examine relationships between attributes of ecosystem health and ecosystem services. In particular, we explore how outputs from ecosystem models, originally developed for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), can be used to quantify and value services of particular relevance to the GoM environments and human populations. We highlight services, such as the provisioning of food from fisheries, that ecosystem models are well equipped to inform and reveal where more work is needed to value other services, such as the protection from erosion and inundation afforded by coastal habitats. EBM also requires knowledge about the costs and benefits of management decisions for humans and ecosystems. We demonstrate how ecosystem models can be used to explicitly illustrate trade-offs between attributes of ecosystem health and ecosystem services that result from alternative management scenarios. By bridging the gap between models developed for EBFM and ecosystem service models, we identify existing science and future needs for informing an ecosystem approach to managing the GoM. C1 [Arkema, Katie K.] Stanford Univ, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Nat Capital Project, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Arkema, KK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Nat Capital Project, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM karkema@stanford.edu NR 82 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 9 EP + PG 6 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB5UJ UT WOS:000344125500002 ER PT S AU Hare, JA Kane, J AF Hare, Jonathan A. Kane, Joseph BE Stephenson, RL Annala, JH Runge, JA HallArber, M TI Zooplankton of the Gulf of Maine-A Changing Perspective SO ADVANCING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN THE GULF OF MARINE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Maine Symposium: Advancing Ecosystem Research for the Future of the Gulf CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries & Oceans Canada ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PACIFIC REGIME SHIFTS; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; GEORGES-BANK; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FISH RECRUITMENT AB Numerous studies have examined the dynamics of zooplankton in the Gulf of Maine. Here the authors reanalyze relationships found in these prior studies, using updated data, with the goal of evaluating previously identified zooplankton-environment linkages. These reanalyses support the finding that major changes occurred in the zooplankton community during the late 1980s and again in the late 1990s. Evidence for a broader change in the ecosystem during these periods and mechanisms responsible for changes in the zooplankton are discussed. In general, the results of previous studies are upheld, but it is shown that the relationship between the environmental indicators and zooplankton change through time. This result implies that all data collected in the Gulf of Maine must be considered within a historical context and that the observed environmental-zooplankton linkages are still not well understood. It is possible that changes in the seasonal cycle or shifts in the pressures systems responsible for the North Atlantic oscillation result in nonstationary environmental-zooplankton relations. These results indicate that a mechanistic understanding is required to explain the documented environment-zooplankton linkages rather than correlative explanations. Since the causes of the late-1980s and late-1990s regime shifts are still unclear, future ecosystem-based management in the Gulf of Maine must be supported by continued observation and analysis to identify ecosystem changes soon after they occur. Scenario-driven modeling also is needed to provide guidance as to how the ecosystem will respond to future changes in zooplankton abundance and community structure. C1 [Hare, Jonathan A.; Kane, Joseph] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov NR 78 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 115 EP 137 PG 23 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB5UJ UT WOS:000344125500011 ER PT S AU Fogarty, MJ Friedland, KD Col, L Gamble, R Hare, J Hyde, K Link, JS Lucey, S Liu, H Nye, J Overholtz, WJ Richardson, D Rountree, B Taylor, M AF Fogarty, Michael J. Friedland, Kevin D. Col, Laurel Gamble, Robert Hare, Jonathan Hyde, Kimberly Link, Jason S. Lucey, Sean Liu, Hui Nye, Janet Overholtz, William J. Richardson, David Rountree, B. Taylor, Maureen BE Stephenson, RL Annala, JH Runge, JA HallArber, M TI Status of the Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem: An Indicator-Based Approach SO ADVANCING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN THE GULF OF MARINE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Maine Symposium: Advancing Ecosystem Research for the Future of the Gulf CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries & Oceans Canada ID GEORGES-BANK; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FOOD WEBS; COMMUNITY; IMPACT; TEMPERATURES; OSCILLATION; TRENDS AB The northeast U.S. Continental Shelf large marine ecosystem (NES LME) has supported important commercial fisheries for several centuries. The NES LME has experienced structural change due to both intensive exploitation and physical forcing in relation to broader climate impacts in the North Atlantic over the past several decades. Here, we examine the combined effects of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the state of the NES LME using a driver-pressure-state-impact-response framework to structure our assessment of patterns of change in this system. We partitioned both drivers and pressures according to natural and anthropogenic sources. Ecological state variables encompassed a broad spectrum of trophic levels. Impact metrics are based on economic trends in the fisheries. To represent regulatory responses, we trace the history of management actions in this region over the past five decades. The critical importance of changes in temperature and water column stratification in ecosystem change, in relation to bottom-up forcing, is identified using canonical redundancy analysis. Analysis of anthropogenic pressures indicate a clear effect of fishing pressure, and removals due to fishing, in the dynamics of fish communities in the region, highlighting an important top-down control mechanism. Analysis of zooplankton community dynamics confirms previous indications of a regime-like change in species composition during the 1990s. Observed changes in fish community dynamics appears to be most clearly related to large-scale switches from a demersal to a pelagic fish dominated system and to changes within the demersal fish community itself C1 [Fogarty, Michael J.; Col, Laurel; Gamble, Robert; Link, Jason S.; Lucey, Sean; Liu, Hui; Nye, Janet; Overholtz, William J.; Rountree, B.; Taylor, Maureen] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Friedland, Kevin D.; Hare, Jonathan; Hyde, Kimberly; Richardson, David] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Fogarty, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.fogarty@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 139 EP + PG 6 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB5UJ UT WOS:000344125500012 ER PT S AU Johnson, CL Hare, JA AF Johnson, Catherine L. Hare, Jonathan A. BE Stephenson, RL Annala, JH Runge, JA HallArber, M TI Zooplankton Monitoring in the Gulf of Maine: Past, Present, and Future SO ADVANCING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN THE GULF OF MARINE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Maine Symposium: Advancing Ecosystem Research for the Future of the Gulf CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries & Oceans Canada ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEORGES-BANK; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; FISH POPULATIONS; SCOTIAN SHELF; TOWING SPEED AB Zooplankton communities perform a critical role as secondary producers in marine ecosystems. They are vulnerable to climate-induced changes in the marine environment, including temperature, stratification, and circulation, but the effects of these changes are difficult to discern without sustained ocean monitoring. The physical, chemical, and biological environment of the Gulf of Maine, including Georges Bank, is strongly influenced by inflow from the Scotian Shelf and through the Northeast Channel, and thus observations both in the Gulf of Maine and in upstream regions are necessary to understand plankton variability and change in the Gulf of Maine. Large-scale, quasi synoptic plankton surveys have been performed in the Gulf of Maine since Bigelow's work at the beginning of the 20th century. More recently, ongoing plankton monitoring efforts include Continuous Plankton Recorder sampling in the Gulf of Maine and on the Scotian Shelf, U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service's MARMAP (Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment, and Prediction) and EcoMon (Ecosystem Monitoring) programs sampling the northeast U.S. Continental Shelf, including the Gulf of Maine, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program on the Scotian Shelf and in the eastern Gulf of Maine. Here, we review and compare past and ongoing zooplankton monitoring programs in the Gulf of Maine region, including Georges Bank and the western Scotian Shelf, to facilitate retrospective analysis and broadscale synthesis of zooplankton dynamics in the Gulf of Maine. Additional sustained sampling at greater-than-monthly frequency at selected sites in the Gulf of Maine would be necessary to detect changes in phenology (i.e. seasonal timing of biological events). Sustained zooplankton sampling in critical nearshore fish habitats and in key feeding areas for upper trophic level organisms, such as marine mammals and seabirds, would yield significant insights into their dynamics. The ecosystem dynamics of the Gulf of Maine are strongly influenced by large-scale forcing and variability in upstream inflow. Improved coordination of sampling and data analysis among monitoring programs, effective data management, and use of multiple modeling approaches will all enhance the mechanistic understanding of the structure and function of the Gulf of Maine pelagic ecosystem. C1 [Johnson, Catherine L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Hare, Jonathan A.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, NMFS, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Johnson, CL (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM catherine.johnson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 205 EP + PG 6 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB5UJ UT WOS:000344125500015 ER PT S AU Fogarty, MJ Townsend, DW Klein, E AF Fogarty, Michael J. Townsend, David W. Klein, Emily BE Stephenson, RL Annala, JH Runge, JA HallArber, M TI Advances in Understanding Ecosystem Structure and Function in the Gulf of Maine SO ADVANCING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN THE GULF OF MARINE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Maine Symposium: Advancing Ecosystem Research for the Future of the Gulf CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries & Oceans Canada ID ANALYSIS-EXERCISE EMAX; GEORGES-BANK; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; BLOOMS; GLOBEC; OCEAN; COMMUNITIES; PLANKTON AB Here we summarize presentations given at the theme session "Structure and Function of the Gulf of Maine System" of the 2009 Gulf of Maine Symposium Advancing Ecosystem Research for the Future of the Gulf, covering a broad spectrum of multidisciplinary research underway in one of the world's most intensively studied marine systems. Our objective was to attempt a synthesis of the current ecological and oceanographic understanding of the Gulf of Maine and, in particular, to document progress in these areas since the 1996 Gulf of Maine Ecosystem Dynamics Symposium more than a decade earlier. Presentations at the session covered issues ranging from habitat structure and function, biodiversity, population structure, trophic ecology, the intersection of the biological, chemical and physical oceanography of the region, and the dynamics of economically important species. Important strides in characterizing the broader dimensions of biodiversity in the region, the establishment of new sampling programs and the availability of new sensor arrays, and the renewed emphasis synthesis and integration to meet the emerging needs for ecosystem-based management in the gulf have all contributed to a deepened appreciation of its dynamical structure. The critical importance of the ecosystem goods and services provided by the gulf, and the factors affecting the sustainable delivery of these services, was clearly demonstrated in the course of the session. 'The papers presented at the session made it clear how far we have come and how far we need to go to ensure the sustainable delivery of these services into the future. C1 [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Townsend, David W.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Klein, Emily] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fogarty, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.fogarty@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 261 EP + PG 4 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB5UJ UT WOS:000344125500019 ER PT S AU Link, JS Bundy, A AF Link, Jason S. Bundy, Alida BE Stephenson, RL Annala, JH Runge, JA HallArber, M TI Ecosystem Modeling in the Gulf of Maine Region: Towards an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries SO ADVANCING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN THE GULF OF MARINE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Maine Symposium: Advancing Ecosystem Research for the Future of the Gulf CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries & Oceans Canada ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; GEORGES-BANK ECOSYSTEM; PROGNOSTIC NUMERICAL-MODEL; CONSUMER-RESOURCE DYNAMICS; PREDATION MORTALITY; NETWORK ANALYSIS; FISH COMMUNITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; POPULATION-MODEL; PHYSICAL MODEL AB As we move towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) in the Gulf of Maine (GoM), it is valuable to collectively gauge where we have been, where we are now, and where we anticipate we might be headed with respect to ecosystem modeling. We do so by providing a brief history of ecosystem modeling in the GoM region, focused on a set of network models at various points in time over the past 70 years. We then describe current and ongoing ecosystem modeling efforts in the GoM region, with a particular emphasis on how they are being used in a living marine resource (LMR) management context. We then discuss how such models could be used to advance an EAF in the near term with a focus on the appropriate application of classes of models for addressing various types of research and management questions. Finally, we highlight major lessons learned from our modeling endeavors in an LMR context in the GoM region, so that we and other regions around the world can continue to move towards an EAR C1 [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bundy, Alida] Becybrd Inst Oceanog, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov NR 152 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 281 EP + PG 9 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB5UJ UT WOS:000344125500021 ER PT S AU Friedland, KD Manning, JP Link, JS AF Friedland, Kevin D. Manning, James P. Link, Jason S. BE Stephenson, RL Annala, JH Runge, JA HallArber, M TI Thermal Phenological Factors Affecting the Survival of Atlantic Salmon in the Gulf of Maine SO ADVANCING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN THE GULF OF MARINE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Maine Symposium: Advancing Ecosystem Research for the Future of the Gulf CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries & Oceans Canada ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; FACTORS AFFECTING MIGRATION; MARINE SURVIVAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICAN; SALAR L.; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; STREAM TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; STRIPED BASS AB The marine survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar stocks in the Gulf of Maine area has declined as sea surface temperature in the coastal ocean has increased; in part, this change in recruitment can be attributed to a phenological mismatch between the timing of smolt migrations and initial conditions postsmolts find during their early marine phase. Salmon juvenile migrations to the ocean are released by photoperiod and spring transitional freshwater temperatures, neither of which have changed significantly in recent decades, thus actuating the migrations at nearly the same time each year. However, ocean water temperatures have increased during the spring transition period, suggesting that smolts have entered the ocean under varying physical and biological conditions. The phenological effect observed in the Gulf of Maine is consistent with the relationship observed for the North American stock complex. In light of recent findings related to the growth of postsmolts, the contrast in recruitment for North American salmon, and Gulf of Maine stocks in particular, appears to be the result of mortality that occurs during the first months at sea. This mortality covaries with the thermal changes in the coastal ocean, which we suspect is associated with variation in the predator field. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Manning, James P.; Link, Jason S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Wood Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-30-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 393 EP + PG 5 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB5UJ UT WOS:000344125500027 ER PT B AU Karplus, I Thompson, AR AF Karplus, Ilan Thompson, Andrew Richard BE Patzner, RA VanTassell, JL Kovacic, M Kapoor, BG TI The Partnership between Gobiid Fishes and Burrowing Alpheid Shrimps SO BIOLOGY OF GOBIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRYPTOCENTRUS-STEINITZI PISCES; GENUS AMBLYELEOTRIS PISCES; NORTHERN RED-SEA; PURPURILENTICULARIS CRUSTACEA; DJIBOUTENSIS ALPHEIDAE; TACTILE COMMUNICATION; DEMOGRAPHICALLY OPEN; WESTERN PACIFIC; RYUKYU ISLANDS; GOBY C1 [Karplus, Ilan] Volcani Res Ctr, Inst Anim Sci, Aquaculture Res Unit, IL-20250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Thompson, Andrew Richard] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Karplus, I (reprint author), Volcani Res Ctr, Inst Anim Sci, Aquaculture Res Unit, POB 6, IL-20250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM karplus@agri.gov.il; andrew.thompson@noaa.gov NR 96 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6233-9; 978-1-57808-436-4 PY 2012 BP 559 EP 607 PG 49 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LD UT WOS:000353356500025 ER PT S AU Bernal, D Carlson, JK Goldman, KJ Lowe, CG AF Bernal, Diego Carlson, John K. Goldman, Kenneth J. Lowe, Christopher G. BE Carrier, JC Musick, JA Heithaus, MR TI Energetics, Metabolism, and Endothermy in Sharks and Rays SO Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, 2nd Edition SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE WATER TUNNEL; TUNA SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; OFFSHORE FORAGING AREA; COMMON THRESHER SHARK; JUVENILE MAKO SHARKS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BLUEFIN TUNA; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS C1 [Bernal, Diego] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. [Goldman, Kenneth J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK USA. [Lowe, Christopher G.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Bernal, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. NR 165 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-3926-3; 978-1-4398-3924-9 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2012 BP 211 EP 237 D2 10.1201/b11867 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LK UT WOS:000353358700008 ER PT S AU Wetherbee, BM Cortes, E Bizzarro, JJ AF Wetherbee, Bradley M. Cortes, Enric Bizzarro, Joseph J. BE Carrier, JC Musick, JA Heithaus, MR TI Food Consumption and Feeding Habits SO Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, 2nd Edition SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROTECTIVE GILL NETS; STANDARDIZED DIET COMPOSITIONS; SHARK CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS POEY; SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS LINNAEUS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIAN WATERS; DOGFISH MUSTELUS-MANAZO; SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA L; UPPER CONTINENTAL-SLOPE C1 [Wetherbee, Bradley M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Cortes, Enric] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. [Bizzarro, Joseph J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wetherbee, BM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 341 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-3926-3; 978-1-4398-3924-9 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2012 BP 239 EP 264 D2 10.1201/b11867 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LK UT WOS:000353358700009 ER PT S AU Conrath, CL Musick, JA AF Conrath, Christina L. Musick, John A. BE Carrier, JC Musick, JA Heithaus, MR TI Reproductive Biology of Elasmobranchs SO Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, 2nd Edition SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GALEUS-MELASTOMUS CHONDRICHTHYES; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS NARDO; SHARK MUSTELUS-ANTARCTICUS; SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA L; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GINGLYMOSTOMA-CIRRATUM; SANDBAR SHARK; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; 2 POPULATIONS C1 [Conrath, Christina L.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Conrath, CL (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 152 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-3926-3; 978-1-4398-3924-9 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2012 BP 291 EP 311 D2 10.1201/b11867 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LK UT WOS:000353358700011 ER PT S AU Goldman, KJ Cailliet, GM Andrews, AH Natanson, LJ AF Goldman, Kenneth J. Cailliet, Gregor M. Andrews, Allen H. Natanson, Lisa J. BE Carrier, JC Musick, JA Heithaus, MR TI Assessing the Age and Growth of Chondrichthyan Fishes SO Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, 2nd Edition SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; DOGFISH SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; SHARK TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA; POST-BOMB RADIOCARBON; DORSAL-FIN SPINES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; VALIDATED AGE; LIFE-HISTORY; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; BACK-CALCULATION C1 [Goldman, Kenneth J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK 99811 USA. [Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI USA. [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Goldman, KJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK 99811 USA. NR 199 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-3926-3; 978-1-4398-3924-9 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2012 BP 423 EP 451 D2 10.1201/b11867 PG 29 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LK UT WOS:000353358700015 ER PT S AU Cortes, E Brooks, EN Gedamke, T AF Cortes, Enric Brooks, Elizabeth N. Gedamke, Todd BE Carrier, JC Musick, JA Heithaus, MR TI Population Dynamics, Demography, and Stock Assessment SO Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, 2nd Edition SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; SHARK TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA; DOGFISH SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; SKATE LEUCORAJA-OCELLATA; AUSTRALIAN TRAWL FISHERY; LIFE-HISTORY PARAMETERS; AGE-STRUCTURED MODEL; NATURAL MORTALITY C1 [Cortes, Enric] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Brooks, Elizabeth N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gedamke, Todd] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Cortes, E (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. NR 243 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-3926-3; 978-1-4398-3924-9 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2012 BP 453 EP 485 D2 10.1201/b11867 PG 33 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LK UT WOS:000353358700016 ER PT J AU Iadicola, MA Zobel, RS Ocel, JM AF Iadicola, M. A. Zobel, R. S. Ocel, J. M. BE Biondini, F Frangopol, DM TI Quantitative evaluation of digital image correlation as applied to large-scale gusset plate experiments SO BRIDGE MAINTENANCE, SAFETY, MANAGEMENT, RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS) CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL Stresa, ITALY SP Int Assoc Bridge Maintenance & Safety, Politecnico Milano AB As part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Project 12-84 "Guidelines for the Load and Resistance Factor Design and Rating of Gusset-Plate Connections for Steel Bridges" the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is performing large-scale gusset-plate experiments. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is working in conjunction with FHWA to perform digital image correlation (DIC) measurements during these experiments. This work focuses on a portion of the DIC measurements for one plate configuration, and presents a preliminary comparison of these data to other measurement methods being used: 3D laser position tracking, foil strain gauges, and photoelastic strain mapping. The results show qualitative agreement between full-field results of the methods in regards to measuring the initial shape and elastic strains. Additionally, a more quantitative comparison shows general agreement between the measurement methods within their uncertainty bounds. C1 [Iadicola, M. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62124-3 PY 2012 BP 1436 EP 1443 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJJ58 UT WOS:000328502802018 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities A Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment Introduction and Context SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; LONG-TERM TRENDS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; WAVE CLIMATE; STORM-SURGE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WATER-QUALITY C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 654 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 1 EP + DI 10.5822/978-1-610914604_1 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 51 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200001 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Physical Climate Forces SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 10 EP 51 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091460-4_2 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200002 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Vulnerability and Impacts on Natural Resources SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-4604_3 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200003 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Vulnerability and Impacts on Human Development SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 66 EP 97 DI 10.5822/978-1-610914604_4 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200004 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Adaptation and Mitigation SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI Preston, Benjamin/0000-0002-7966-2386 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 98 EP 118 DI 10.5822/978-1-610914604_5 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200005 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Information Gaps and Science Needed to Support Sustainable Coasts SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-4604_6 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200006 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Chesapeake Bay Case Study SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200007 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Northern Gulf of Mexico Case Study SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 141 EP 143 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091460-4 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200008 ER PT B AU Aubrecht, C Elvidge, CD Baugh, KE Hahn, S AF Aubrecht, C. Elvidge, C. D. Baugh, K. E. Hahn, S. BE Tavares, JMRS Jorge, RMN TI Identification of wildfire precursor conditions: Linking satellite based fire and soil moisture data SO COMPUTATIONAL VISION AND MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING: VIPIMAGE 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing (VipIMAGE) CY OCT 12-14, 2011 CL Olhao, PORTUGAL SP European Community Computat Methods Appl Sci, Univ Porto, Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Inst Engn Mecanica Polo, Inst Engn Mecanica Gestao Ind, Int Assoc Computat Mech, Fundacao Ciencia Tecnologia, Assoc Portuguesa Mecanica Teorica Aplicada Computac DE DMSP-OLS; nighttime lights; fire detection; ASCAT; soil moisture anomaly; time series ID OPERATIONAL LINESCAN SYSTEM; FOREST-FIRES; DMSP-OLS; INDIA; REGION; STATE; AREA AB Since satellite remote sensing of fires started in the 1970s, fire monitoring has become increasingly important, particularly in the context of mitigating social impacts. Light from fires can be identified in nighttime satellite imagery featuring the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. A procedure for detection of fire lights and near real-time monitoring of spatial patterns of fire occurrence has been successfully implemented based on low-light imaging data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS). Satellite based soil moisture data can be used to investigate potential correlations between soil conditions and water related hazards such as floods and droughts, the latter often closely associated with wildfire incidence. It is envisaged that regional monitoring of soil moisture can help to identify changes in the conditions of an ecological system before major impacts take place. Information on current and previous soil conditions enable identification of potentially hazardous situations. C1 [Aubrecht, C.] AIT Austrian Inst Technol, Vienna, Austria. [Elvidge, C. D.; Baugh, K. E.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hahn, S.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Aubrecht, C (reprint author), AIT Austrian Inst Technol, Vienna, Austria. FU Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) in the frame of the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) FX Part of the presented research was performed within the GMSM (Global Monitoring of Soil Moisture for Water Hazards Assessment) project (http://www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/gmsm/), funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) in the frame of the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP). Soil moisture data is processed and provided by the IPF, Vienna University of Technology. DMSP nighttime lights data is processed and provided by the Earth Observation Group of NOAA-NGDC. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-12818-3; 978-0-415-68395-1 PY 2012 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BG8KK UT WOS:000392382300067 ER PT S AU Chen, YC Patel, VM Phillips, PJ Chellappa, R AF Chen, Yi-Chen Patel, Vishal M. Phillips, P. Jonathon Chellappa, Rama BE Fitzgibbon, A Lazebnik, S Perona, P Sato, Y Schmid, C TI Dictionary-Based Face Recognition from Video SO COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2012, PT VI SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) CY OCT 07-13, 2012 CL Florence, ITALY SP Google, Natl Robot Engn Ctr, Adobe, Microsoft Res, Mitsubishi Elect, Mobileye, Nvidia, Point Grey, Technicolor, Toshiba, Toyota, Datalogic, IBM Res, ST, Univ Studi Firenze, Univ Cambridge, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze ID VISUAL TRACKING; MODELS; ILLUMINATION; MANIFOLD; FILTERS AB The main challenge in recognizing faces in video is effectively exploiting the multiple frames of a face and the accompanying dynamic signature. One prominent method is based on extracting joint appearance and behavioral features. A second method models a person by temporal correlations of features in a video. Our approach introduces the concept of video-dictionaries for face recognition, which generalizes the work in sparse representation and dictionaries for faces in still images. Video-dictionaries are designed to implicitly encode temporal, pose, and illumination information. We demonstrate our method on the Face and Ocular Challenge Series (FOCS) Video Challenge, which consists of unconstrained video sequences. We show that our method is efficient and performs significantly better than many competitive video-based face recognition algorithms. C1 [Chen, Yi-Chen; Patel, Vishal M.; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Chen, YC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM chenyc08@umiacs.umd.edu; pvishalm@umiacs.umd.edu; jonathon.phillips@nist.gov; rama@umiacs.umd.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB11H023] FX This paper was partially supported by a Cooperative Agreement from the National Institute of Standards and Technology under the Grant 70NANB11H023. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-33782-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7577 BP 766 EP 779 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BB3KX UT WOS:000342828800055 ER PT S AU Li, QL Zhu, H Yuan, H Kirillov, O Ioannou, D Suehle, J Richter, C AF Li, Qiliang Zhu, Hao Yuan, Hui Kirillov, Oleg Ioannou, Dimitris Suehle, John Richter, Curt BE Kar, S VanElshocht, S Kita, K Misra, D TI A Study of Metal Gates on HfO2 Using Si Nanowire Field Effect Transistors as Platform SO DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND METALS FOR NANOELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS 10 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dielectric Materials and Metals for Nanoelectronics and Photonics - 10 held during the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div ID CHARGE AB In this work, we present an experimental study on the effect of metal gates / high-k dielectrics stacks on threshold voltage and carrier mobility in nanowire field effect transistors. The difference between effective mobility and field effect mobility of nanowire FETs has been first demonstrated. The interface states and effective work functions of the engaged metals can also be extracted by studying various metal gates. C1 [Li, Qiliang; Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; Ioannou, Dimitris] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; Kirillov, Oleg; Suehle, John; Richter, Curt] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, QL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU US NSF [ECCS- 0846649] FX Q Li would like to acknowledge the support of US NSF, Grant ECCS- 0846649. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-352-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1149/05004.0267ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA7TN UT WOS:000337757800036 ER PT J AU Bednarsek, N Mozina, J Vogt, M O'Brien, C Tarling, GA AF Bednarsek, N. Mozina, J. Vogt, M. O'Brien, C. Tarling, G. A. TI The global distribution of pteropods and their contribution to carbonate and carbon biomass in the modern ocean SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID ARCHIPELAGO SOUTHERN-OCEAN; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MESOZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION; LIMACINA-HELICINA; ROSS SEA; EUTHECOSOMATOUS PTEROPODS; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; CLIONE-LIMACINA; GRAZING IMPACT AB Pteropods are a group of holoplanktonic gastropods for which global biomass distribution patterns remain poorly described. The aim of this study was to collect and synthesise existing pteropod (Gymnosomata, Thecosomata and Pseudothecosomata) abundance and biomass data, in order to evaluate the global distribution of pteropod carbon biomass, with a particular emphasis on temporal and spatial patterns. We collected 25 939 data points from several online databases and 41 scientific articles. These data points corresponded to observations from 15 134 stations, where 93% of observations were of shelled pteropods (Thecosomata) and 7% of non-shelled pteropods (Gymnosomata). The biomass data has been gridded onto a 360 x 180 degrees grid, with a vertical resolution of 33 depth levels. Both the raw data file and the gridded data in NetCDF format can be downloaded from PANGAEA, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.777387. Data were collected between 19502010, with sampling depths ranging from 0-2000 m. Pteropod biomass data was either extracted directly or derived through converting abundance to biomass with pteropod-specific length to carbon biomass conversion algorithms. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH), the data were distributed quite evenly throughout the year, whereas sampling in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) was biased towards winter and summer values. 86% of all biomass values were located in the NH, most (37 %) within the latitudinal band of 30-60 degrees N. The range of global biomass values spanned over four orders of magnitude, with mean and median (non-zero) biomass values of 4.6 mg C m(-3) (SD = 62.5) and 0.015 mg C m(-3), respectively. The highest mean biomass was located in the SH within the 70-80 degrees S latitudinal band (39.71 mg C m(-3), SD = 93.00), while the highest median biomass was in the NH, between 40-50 degrees S (0.06 mg C m(-3), SD = 79.94). Shelled pteropods constituted a mean global carbonate biomass of 23.17 mg CaCO3 m(-3) (based on non-zero records). Total biomass values were lowest in the equatorial regions and equally high at both poles. Pteropods were found at least to depths of 1000 m, with the highest biomass values located in the surface layer (0-10 m) and gradually decreasing with depth, with values in excess of 100 mg C m(-3) only found above 200m depth. Tropical species tended to concentrate at greater depths than temperate or high-latitude species. Global biomass levels in the NH were relatively invariant over the seasonal cycle, but more seasonally variable in the SH. The collected database provides a valuable tool for modellers for the study of marine ecosystem processes and global biogeochemical cycles. By extrapolating regional biomass to a global scale, we established global pteropod biomass to add up to 500 Tg C. C1 [Bednarsek, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mozina, J.] Univ Nova Gorica, Environm Res Lab, Nova Gorica 5000, Slovenia. [Vogt, M.; O'Brien, C.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Tarling, G. A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Bednarsek, N (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nina.bednarsek@noaa.gov RI O'Brien, Colleen/H-7698-2015 OI O'Brien, Colleen/0000-0003-4456-8119 FU Erasmus scholarship; Ecosystems core research programme at the British Antarcttic Survey; European Community [238366] FX The lead author is grateful to R. A. Feely (NOAA) and R. Schiebel (Universite d'Angers-BIAF) for their invaluable advice and ideas. Thanks also go to Marko Vuckovic from the University of Nova Gorica for the help with the Matlab software changes. The work at ETH for NB was partly funded through an Erasmus scholarship. GT was supported by the Ecosystems core research programme at the British Antarcttic Survey. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 238366. NR 78 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 167 EP 186 DI 10.5194/essd-4-167-2012 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MO UT WOS:000209415300015 ER PT J AU Stimpert, AK Mattila, D Nosal, EM Au, WWL AF Stimpert, Alison K. Mattila, David Nosal, Eva-Marie Au, Whitlow W. L. TI Tagging young humpback whale calves: methodology and diving behavior SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Humpback whale; Calf; Tagging; Diving behavior; Hawaii AB Despite the importance of young animals to the proliferation of a species, logistic hurdles often prevent the study of individuals' behavior and habitat requirements. This is particularly an issue in the case of cetaceans, which spend a large proportion of their time at depth. We conducted a study to describe the dive behavior of young humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae calves on their breeding grounds in Hawaii, USA. We first implemented and evaluated strategies for approaching whale groups and deploying suction-cup tags (DTAGs), resulting in 3 successful attachments of DTAGs in the winter of 2011. The approach technique that was most successful while minimizing reactions from the whale groups was a passive drift approach. Tagged calves exhibited consistent dives to shallow depths when their groups were stationary, and some deeper dives that approached the ocean bottom, up to 78 m in one case. Mean dive durations ranged from 2.2 to 3.5 min, with calves spending 40% of their time within 3 m of the surface. This is the first study to collect tag data from baleen whale calves less than 6 mo in age and provides habitat use data important for management of this endangered species. C1 [Stimpert, Alison K.; Au, Whitlow W. L.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Stimpert, Alison K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mattila, David] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Nosal, Eva-Marie] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stimpert, AK (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, POB 1106, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. EM akstimpe@nps.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Marine Sanctuary Program; Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary; University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA09OAR4170600]; National Research Council (NRC); University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program [UNIHI-SEA-GRANT-JC-11-02, 1522, 8763] FX Many thanks to E. Lyman, T. Hurst, L. Wedding, D. Powers, and to all our field volunteers, especially J. Chen, A. Rudd, A. Bendlin, C. Fumar, and S. Plentovich. Shoals LIDAR data were provided by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. This work was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Permit no. 14682, with the support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Marine Sanctuary Program and the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, and in accordance with animal care and use guidelines in the US. The work was also funded in part by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA09OAR4170600 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce and also from the National Research Council (NRC). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the NRC. This is University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program contribution no. UNIHI-SEA-GRANT-JC-11-02, HIMB contribution no. 1522, and SOEST contribution no. 8763. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.3354/esr00456 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V41RB UT WOS:000209562200002 ER PT J AU Santos, RLT Macdonald, C McCreadie, R Ounis, I Soboroff, I AF Santos, Rodrygo L. T. Macdonald, Craig McCreadie, Richard Ounis, Iadh Soboroff, Ian TI Information Retrieval on the Blogosphere SO FOUNDATIONS AND TRENDS IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Article ID COMPLETELY-ARBITRARY PASSAGE; LANGUAGE MODELING APPROACH; OPINION RETRIEVAL; BLOG SEARCH; TEXT AB Blogs have recently emerged as a new open, rapidly evolving and reactive publishing medium on the Web. Rather than managed by a central entity, the content on the blogosphere - the collection of all blogs on the Web - is produced by millions of independent bloggers, who can write about virtually anything. This open publishing paradigm has led to a growing mass of user-generated content on the Web, which can vary tremendously both in format and quality when looked at in isolation, but which can also reveal interesting patterns when observed in aggregation. One field particularly interested in studying how information is produced, consumed, and searched in the blogosphere is information retrieval. In this survey, we review the published literature on searching the blogosphere. In particular, we describe the phenomenon of blogging and the motivations for searching for information on blogs. We cover both the search tasks underlying blog searchers' information needs and the most successful approaches to these tasks. These include blog post and full blog search tasks, as well as blog-aided search tasks, such as trend and market analysis. Finally, we also describe the publicly available resources that support research on searching the blogosphere. C1 [Santos, Rodrygo L. T.; Macdonald, Craig; McCreadie, Richard; Ounis, Iadh] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Soboroff, Ian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Santos, RLT (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM rodrygo@dcs.gla.ac.uk; craigm@dcs.gla.ac.uk; richardm@dcs.gla.ac.uk; ounis@dcs.gla.ac.uk; ian.soboroff@nist.gov OI Santos, Rodrygo/0000-0003-2921-8444 NR 240 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU NOW PUBLISHERS INC PI HANOVER PA PO BOX 1024, HANOVER, MA 02339 USA SN 1554-0669 EI 1554-0677 J9 FOUND TRENDS INF RET JI Found. Trends Inf. Retr. PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 125 DI 10.1561/1500000026 PG 125 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA V32VG UT WOS:000208978100001 ER PT B AU Fong, JT Heckert, NA Filliben, JJ AF Fong, Jeffrey T. Heckert, N. Alan Filliben, James J. BE Tu, ST Wang, ZD Sih, GC TI A stochastic and local theory of fatigue for aging pressure vessels and piping SO FROM FAILURE TO BETTER DESIGN, MANFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Structural Integrity (ISSI2012) - From Failure to Better Design, Manufacture and Construction CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2012 CL Jinan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Structural Integrity Consortium, Shandong Univ, E China Univ Sci & Technol, MOE Key Lab Pressure Syst & Safety, Nanjing Univ Technol, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ Technol, Zhengzhou Univ, Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, SW Jiaotong Univ, Beihang Univ, China Pressure Vessel Inst, China Mat Inst, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Gen Adm Qual Supervis, Inspect & Quarantine China, Engn & Technol Res Ctr Special Equipment Safety Shandong Prov, MOE Key Lab High Efficiency & Clean Mech Mfg, MOE Engn Res Cr Large scale Underground Cavern Grp DE Aging pressure vessels and piping (APVP); Crack growth theory; Fatigue design; Fracture mechanics; Nondestructive evaluation (NDE); Remaining life; Stochastic theory of crack growth; Uncertainty quantification ID PROPAGATION; FIBERS; GLASS AB We begin with a review of the fatigue design methodology for new pressure vessels and piping, based on both deterministic and stochastic approaches. We will then prove that the same methodology for estimating the remaining life of aging pressure vessels and piping (APVP) using a deterministic approach fails, unless nondestructive evaluation (NDE) data of crack growth from periodic inspection is available. This leads to the introduction of a stochastic and local theory of fatigue life of APVP using NDE data of the growth of a single crack in engineering materials (Ref: Fong, Marcal, Hedden, Chao, and Lam, Proc. ASME 2009 PVP Conf, Paper PVP2009-77827), in which the standard deviation of the estimated fatigue life was derived in terms of the means and standard deviations of the initial crack length, final crack length, fracture toughness, and other material property parameters. We then introduce a more general theory of the remaining life of APVP using NDE data of the growth of multiple cracks. This general stochastic theory will be known as the APVP MULTI-CRACK GROWTH THEORY. To illustrate the methodology for estimating the remaining life of APVP with multiple cracks, we introduce an open source Bayesian statistical analysis software named WinBUGS, and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to calculate the mean and standard deviation of both the initial crack length and the initial crack growth rate from a set of NDE-measured multiple crack length data over many inspection intervals. A numerical example using synthetic NDE and fracture toughness data for high strength steels is included. Significance and limitations of this Bayesian approach to estimating the uncertainty of fatigue life prediction for aging pressure vessels and piping in nuclear industry applications are also presented. C1 [Fong, Jeffrey T.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, N. Alan; Filliben, James J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fong, JT (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fong@nist.gov NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EAST CHINA UNIV SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI SHANGHAI PA MEILONG RD, SHANGHAI 200237, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-5628-3389-5 PY 2012 BP 19 EP 31 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG9TZ UT WOS:000393849100003 ER PT J AU Robb, FT Lowe, TM Kelman, Z AF Robb, Frank T. Lowe, Todd M. Kelman, Zvi TI The modern "3G" age of archaeal molecular biology SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Robb, Frank T.] Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Robb, Frank T.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Lowe, Todd M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biomol Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kelman, Z (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM zkelman@umd.edu OI Robb, Frank/0000-0001-5833-6496 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 430 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00430 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600429 PM 23267357 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG AF Sunda, William G. TI Feedback interactions between trace metal nutrients and phytoplankton in the ocean SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Phytoplankton; trace metal nutrients; iron; zinc; cobalt; manganese; cadmium; trace metal chemistry AB In addition to control by major nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon) the productivity and species composition of marine phytoplankton communities are also regulated by a number of trace metal nutrients (iron, zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and cadmium). Of these, iron is most limiting to phytoplankton growth and has the greatest effect on algal species diversity. It also plays an important role in limiting di-nitrogen (N-2) fixation rates, and thus is important in controlling ocean inventories of fixed nitrogen. Because of these effects, iron is thought to play a key role in regulating biological cycles of carbon and nitrogen in the ocean, including the biological transfer of carbon to the deep sea, the so-called biological CO2 pump, which helps regulate atmospheric CO2 and CO2-linked global warming. Other trace metal nutrients (zinc, cobalt, copper, and manganese) have lesser effects on productivity; but may exert an important influence on the species composition of algal communities because of large differences in metal requirements among species. The interactions between trace metals and ocean plankton are reciprocal: not only do the metals control the plankton, but the plankton regulate the distributions, chemical speciation, and cycling of these metals through cellular uptake and recycling processes, downward flux of biogenic particles, biological release of organic chelators, and mediation of redox reactions. This two way interaction has influenced not only the biology and chemistry of the modern ocean, but has had a profound influence on biogeochemistry of the ocean and earth system as a whole, and on the evolution of marine and terrestrial biology over geologic history. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28512 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28512 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 242 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 13 U2 96 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 204 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00204 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600254 PM 22701115 ER PT J AU Turk-Kubo, KA Achilles, KM Serros, TRC Ochiai, M Montoya, JP Zehr, JP AF Turk-Kubo, Kendra A. Achilles, Katherine M. Serros, Tracy R. C. Ochiai, Mari Montoya, Joseph P. Zehr, Jonathan P. TI Nitrogenase (nifH) gene expression in diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the Tropical North Atlantic in response to nutrient amendments SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogenase; P-limitation; Fe-limitation; UCYN-A; UCYN-B; Trichodesmium; diazotrophs; nitrogen fixation AB The Tropical North Atlantic (TNAtI) plays a critical role in the marine nitrogen cycle, as it supports high rates of biological nitrogen (N-2) fixation, yet it is unclear whether this process is limited by the availability of iron (Fe), phosphate (P) or is co-limited by both. In order to investigate the impact of nutrient limitation on the N2 fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) in the TNAtl, trace metal clean nutrient amendment experiments were conducted, and the expression of nitrogenase (nifH) in cyanobacterial diazotrophs in response to the addition of Fe, R or Fe+P was measured using quantitative PCR. To provide context, N-2 fixation rates associated with the <10 tm community and diel nifH expression in natural cyanobacterial populations were measured. In the western TNAtl, nifH expression in Crocosphaera, Trichodesmium, and Riche/la was stimulated by Fe and Fe+P additions, but not by e implying that diazotrophs may be Fe-limited in this region. In the eastern TNAtl, nifH expression in unicellular cyanobacteria UCYN-A and Crocosphaera was stimulated by R implying P-limitation. In equatorial waters, nifH expression in Trichociesrmum was highest in Fe+P treatments, implying co-limitation in this region. Nutrient additions did not measurably stimulate N-2 fixation rates in the <101,tm fraction in most of the experiments, even when upregulation of nifH expression was evident. These results demonstrate the utility of using gene expression to investigate the physiological state of natural populations of microorganisms, while underscoring the complexity of nutrient limitation on diazotrophy, and providing evidence that diazotroph populations are slow to respond to the addition of limiting nutrients and may be limited by different nutrients on basin-wide spatial scales. This has important implications for our current understanding of controls on N-2 fixation in the TNAtl and may partially explain why it appears to be intermittently limited by Fe, R or both. C1 [Turk-Kubo, Kendra A.; Achilles, Katherine M.; Serros, Tracy R. C.; Ochiai, Mari; Zehr, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Achilles, Katherine M.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Ochiai, Mari] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. [Montoya, Joseph P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Turk-Kubo, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kturk@ucsc.edu RI Zehr, Jonathan/B-3513-2014 OI Zehr, Jonathan/0000-0002-5691-5408 FU R/V Seward Johnson [SJ0609]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbiology Initiative [OCE0425363, OCE0425583] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the captain and crew of the R/V Seward Johnson for their support during SJ0609, Dr. Mak Saito and his research group for providing support with trace metal clean procedures and supplies, and members of the Zehr Lab including Amanda Morrison, Ryan Paerl, Katie London, Irina Shilova (formerly Ilichyan), and Mary Hogan for their valuable support in collecting samples and discussions during the writing of this manuscript. We also thank Jason Landrum, Samantha Allen, Julie Gonzalez, Bibiana Garcia, and other members of the Montoya Lab for their assistance with the nutrient and N2 fixation assays. This study was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbiology Initiative and by award OCE0425363 (Jonathan P. Zehr) and OCE0425583 ( Joseph P. Montoya) from the National Science Foundation. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 27 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 386 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00386 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600387 PM 23130017 ER PT S AU Hobart, KD Imhoff, EA Duong, TH Hefner, AR AF Hobart, K. D. Imhoff, E. A. Duong, T. H. Hefner, A. R. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Ohtani, N Bakowski, M Garg, R TI Optimization of Si IGBT/SiC JBS Diode Hybrid Modules for Medium Voltage Applications SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of ECS Fall Meeting CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP ECS AB The optimization of medium voltage hybrid Si IGBT/SiC junction barrier Schottky diode modules is explored. The primary variant in the study is the active device area of the SiC JBS diodes for a fixed Si IGBT area. The optimization is performed through electro-thermal circuit simulations using validated physics-based device models. Parameters tracked include device switching losses, conduction losses and junction temperature. Finally, reliability issues were considered. SiC JBS diodes were subject to surge conditions and diode surge current was evaluated during module optimization. C1 [Hobart, K. D.; Imhoff, E. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Duong, T. H.; Hefner, A. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office Naval Research FX That authors would like to thank Scott Leslie at Powerex, Inc. for helpful discussions and for the surge testing by Biswajit Ray at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania. The work is sponsored by the Naval Research Laboratory and by the Office Naval Research which is monitored by Joseph Borraccini. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-351-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1149/05003.0065ecst PG 10 WC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA7TJ UT WOS:000337755900007 ER PT B AU Kasemir, HW AF Kasemir, Heinz W. BE Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH TI Atmospheric Electric Measurements in the Arctic and Antarctic (Reprinted from PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (PAGEOPH), vol 100, pg 70-80, 1972) SO HEINZ-WOLFRAM KASEMIR: HIS COLLECTED WORKS SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter AB During the International Geophysical Year, 1958, and extending into 1959, the atmospheric electric field, current, and conductivity were recorded at Thule, Greenland (78 degrees N). During the International Year of the Quiet Sun, 1964, records of the atmospheric electric field were obtained at the Amundsen-Scott Station at the South Pole (90 degrees S). The diurnal variation averaged over the year of the normalized current at Thule and the normalized field at the South Pole show a surprisingly good agreement. These two curves combined into one represent the world time variation of the air-earth current (or field) in the Polar regions. Compared with the oceanic diurnal field variation obtained at the Carnegie ship cruises, the Polar curve shows a very similar shape but a much reduced amplitude. The maximum and minimum in the Polar regions are 1.07 and 0.92. The corresponding values on the oceans are 1.20 and 0.85. The difference is greater than the measuring error or statistical scatter and has to be accepted as real. No conclusive explanation of the deviation of the two curves can be offered. The diurnal variation of the Polar data averaged over a season displays very smooth and similar curves during Northern autumn and winter. The spring and summer curves show a much more detailed structure with several maxima and minima. It is somewhat unexpected that the summer curve with a variety of fine structure is the flattest curve of all seasons. The minimum never drops below 0.95, and the maximum does not exceed 1.06. If the data are broken down into hourly means averaged over one month and split into an Arctic and Antarctic part, the similarity between corresponding curves of the same month vanishes for the months of January to July. This may partly be due to the fact that the number of fair-weather days of the individual month is too small to obtain a representative statistical average. Usually averaging over seven or more days is necessary for the oceanic pattern to emerge. However, there is a strong possibility that another agent besides the worldwide thunderstorm activity modulates the global circuit. The seasonal differences, and especially the difference between Arctic and Antarctic pattern, point to such a conclusion. C1 NOAA, APCL, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Kasemir, HW (reprint author), NOAA, APCL, R 31, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-70481-3; 978-0-87590-737-6 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2012 VL 66 BP 48 EP 58 D2 10.1029/SP066 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA5PX UT WOS:000336936500005 ER PT B AU Kasemir, HW AF Kasemir, Heinz W. BE Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH TI The Atmospheric Electric Ring Current in the Higher Atmosphere (Reprinted from PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (PAGEOPH), vol 84, 1971) SO HEINZ-WOLFRAM KASEMIR: HIS COLLECTED WORKS SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter AB The atmospheric electric current flow in the ionosphere was discussed in a qualitative way at the UGGI General Assembly at Berkeley, California in 1963, The following picture emerged: The atmospheric electric fair weather current leaves the earth in a radially outward direction. As it enters the higher regions of the atmosphere and the ionospheric it is increasingly influenced by the earth's magnetic field, Because the main part of the current is crowded into the polar regions, the current density over the equatorial belt is small. A circular movement around the earth's axis results in an overall flow pattern tentatively termed, the atmospheric electric ring current'. An attempt to calculate this current flow soon made it clear that the generally used simplification of the one-dimensional case with slanted magnetic field lines is not adequate - not even as a first approximation, The same is true for the assumption usually made in magnetohydrodynamics that the current follows approximately the magnetic field lines. An essential feature of the atmospheric electric ring current is that in equatorial regions the flow is forced across the magnetic field lines, the component along the lines being zero. A calculation is discussed that treats the magnetic field lines as those of a true dipole field with the corresponding tensor character of conductivity. The results of the calculation are presented as graphs of the density distribution of the ring current, the space charge distribution, the current flow, and equipotential lines. C1 NOAA Environm Res Labs, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Kasemir, HW (reprint author), NOAA Environm Res Labs, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-70481-3; 978-0-87590-737-6 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2012 VL 66 BP 262 EP 273 D2 10.1029/SP066 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA5PX UT WOS:000336936500020 ER PT B AU Kasemir, HW AF Kasemir, H. W. BE Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH TI The Effect of Chaff Seeding on Lightning and Electric Fields of Thunderstorms (Reprinted) SO HEINZ-WOLFRAM KASEMIR: HIS COLLECTED WORKS SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter AB Corona discharge appears at the ends of a chaff fiber in an electric field of 30 kV/m or more. If a pound of chaff consisting of about 2 million fibers is released from an air-plane in a thunderstorm field of about 60 kV/m, a corona current of about one microampere generated at the ends of each fiber. The net current of the two million fibers adds up to about 2 ampere and the charge released into the cloud in a time period of 100 seconds would be of the order of 200 Coulomb. The net current as well as the net charge are parable to the values of an average thunderstorm and will tend to mask or neutralize the thunderstorm field. The application of this concept to modifying lightning or thunderstorm fields encounters two main difficulties. One is the distribution of chaff fibers in the high field areas of the cloud fast enough to be effective in a large enough cloud volume, and the second one is the possibility that ions liberated by corona discharge are trapped by the cloud droplets in the immediate neighborhood of the individual chaff fiber. This could generate a concentrated space charge around the fiber, which, may quench the corona discharge before a large amount of charge is released. To investigate these problems a number of field experiments have been planned to study the effect of chaff seeding on the electric fields and the lightning discharges of thunderstorms. After some preliminary tests in Flagstaff, Arizona, the first of these experiments was carried out in Boulder, Colorado, in 1972. The results seem to indicate that the decay of the electric field underneath a thunderstorm is accelerated by about a factor five by chaff seeding as compared to the natural decay of the field of a not seeded storm. Instrument development, test procedures, and data analysis of this field decay experiment as well as its significance to lightning modification will be discussed. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Kasemir, HW (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-70481-3; 978-0-87590-737-6 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2012 VL 66 BP 380 EP 386 D2 10.1029/SP066 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA5PX UT WOS:000336936500027 ER PT B AU Holitza, FJ Kasemir, HW AF Holitza, F. James Kasemir, Heinz W. BE Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH TI Accelerated Decay of Thunderstorm Electric Fields by Chaff Seeding (Reprinted from J. Geophys. Res., vol 79, 1974) SO HEINZ-WOLFRAM KASEMIR: HIS COLLECTED WORKS SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter AB The field decay experiment conducted during the summer of 1972 in Colorado by the Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration may be considered as the first experimental step to lightning suppression by chaff seeding. An airplane equipped with an electric field measuring system and a chaff dispenser flew underneath a developing thunderstorm, continuously monitoring the electric field. If the field exceeded 50 kV m(-1), chaff was dispersed during the next two passes underneath the cloud, and the field decay was recorded until the storm dissipated. Each seeded storm was matched by a control (unseeded) storm to obtain the field decay rate under normal conditions. The field tests showed that chaff seeding in moderate fields of 50 kV m(-1) accelerated the field decay by a factor of 5. In one case a stronger field of 300 kV m(-1) was seeded, and the field decay rate was faster by a factor of 10 than that of the seeded storms having moderate fields. The physical background of this process, its limitations, and its significance to the problem of lightning suppression are discussed. C1 [Holitza, F. James; Kasemir, Heinz W.] NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Holitza, FJ (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-70481-3; 978-0-87590-737-6 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2012 VL 66 BP 387 EP 391 D2 10.1029/SP066 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA5PX UT WOS:000336936500028 ER PT B AU Kasemir, HW AF Kasemir, Heinz W. BE Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH TI CORONA DISCHARGE AND THUNDERSTORM FIELDS (Reprinted) SO HEINZ-WOLFRAM KASEMIR: HIS COLLECTED WORKS SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter ID CURRENTS C1 NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kasemir, HW (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-70481-3; 978-0-87590-737-6 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2012 VL 66 BP 392 EP 396 D2 10.1029/SP066 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA5PX UT WOS:000336936500029 ER PT B AU Kasemir, HW AF Kasemir, Heinz W. BE Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH TI THEORY AND EXPERIMENTS TO THE PROBLEM OF ROCKET TRIGGERED LIGHTNING DISCHARGES (Reprinted) SO HEINZ-WOLFRAM KASEMIR: HIS COLLECTED WORKS SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Environm Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kasemir, HW (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Environm Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-70481-3; 978-0-87590-737-6 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2012 VL 66 BP 510 EP 512 D2 10.1029/SP066 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA5PX UT WOS:000336936500038 ER PT B AU Kasemir, HW Holitza, FJ Cobb, WE Rust, WD AF Kasemir, H. W. Holitza, F. J. Cobb, W. E. Rust, W. D. BE Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH TI Lightning Suppression by Chaff Seeding at the Base of Thunderstorms (Reprinted) SO HEINZ-WOLFRAM KASEMIR: HIS COLLECTED WORKS SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter AB An aircraft equipped with cylindrical electric field mills and a chaff dispenser was sued to release large numbers of 10-cm-long chaff fibers at the base of thunderclouds The electric fields and lightning discs were monitored during repeated flight passes at cloud base. Twenty eight thunderstorms that met certain qualifications were seeded with chaff or left unseeded, the unseeded storms becoming 'control' cases. An analysis of the data from 10 thunderstorms seeded with chaff and 18 unseeded control storm shows that seeding thunderstorms with chaff reduced the number of observed lightnings to about third or less of those observed in the control storms. A statistical evaluation of the occurrence of lightning discharges in the time interval before seeding and in the corresponding interval of the control storms revealed that there was no significant difference between seeded and control storms, This indicates both categories of storms belong to the same population. If the same applied to the time true seeding and the corresponding interval of the control storms, we find that there is a significant difference between seeded and control after seeding. Therefore the lightning reduction by chart se ding is not due to chance. C1 [Kasemir, H. W.; Holitza, F. J.; Cobb, W. E.; Rust, W. D.] NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Kasemir, HW (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-70481-3; 978-0-87590-737-6 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2012 VL 66 BP 530 EP 535 D2 10.1029/SP066 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA5PX UT WOS:000336936500040 ER PT B AU Kasemir, HW AF Kasemir, Heinz W. BE Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH TI ELECTRIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS FROM AIRPLANES (Reprinted) SO HEINZ-WOLFRAM KASEMIR: HIS COLLECTED WORKS SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter ID POTENTIAL-GRADIENT C1 NOAA, Environm Res Labs, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kasemir, HW (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Labs, Atmospher Phys & Chem Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-70481-3; 978-0-87590-737-6 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2012 VL 66 BP 646 EP 653 D2 10.1029/SP066 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA5PX UT WOS:000336936500053 ER PT S AU Boyar, J Peralta, R AF Boyar, Joan Peralta, Rene BE Gritzalis, D Furnell, S Theoharidou, M TI A Small Depth-16 Circuit for the AES S-Box SO INFORMATION SECURITY AND PRIVACY RESEARCH SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IFIP TC11 International Information Security and Privacy Conference (IFIP SEC) CY JUN 04-06, 2012 CL Heraklion, GREECE SP IFIP ID BASES AB New techniques for reducing the depth of circuits for cryptographic applications are described. These techniques also keep the number of gates quite small. The result, when applied to the AES S-Box, is a circuit with depth 16 and only 128 gates. For the inverse, it is also depth 16 and has only 127 gates. There is a shared middle part, common to both the S-Box and its inverse, consisting of 63 gates. The best previous comparable design for the AES S-Box has depth 22 and size 148 [12]. C1 [Boyar, Joan] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Odense, Denmark. [Peralta, Rene] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Boyar, J (reprint author), Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Odense, Denmark. EM joan@imada.sdu.dk; rene.peralta@nist.gov OI Boyar, Joan/0000-0002-0725-8341 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-642-30436-1 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2012 VL 376 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BD9JP UT WOS:000364775300024 ER PT S AU Reyes, DR AF Reyes, D. R. BE Obeng, Y Datta, S Hiramoto, T Srinivasan, P Banerjee, G Hesketh, P Ionescu, A TI Enabling Long-Term Dielectrophoretic Actuation for Cell Manipulation and Analysis in Microfluidic Biochips SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FUNCTIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on More than Moore held during the PRiME Joint International Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society and the Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Elect & Photon Div, Sensor Div, New Technol Subcommittee Div, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry AB An approach that combines not only the cell manipulation capabilities of dielectrophoresis (DEP), but also the conditions to promote appropriate cell function during long-term experiments is presented. The integration of a hybrid cell adhesive material (hCAM) with the trapping forces of positive DEP have demonstrated that after DEP trapping and anchorage on the hCAM cells can be differentiated into neuron-like cells after cultured for more than a week in the microfluidic system. This approach has also shown promise in the development of multilayer microfluidic devices. In these devices cells can be trapped on opposite sides of a permeable polyester (PET) membrane that separates a top and a bottom channel arranged perpendicular to each other. Within these devices cells can be exposed to the specific microenvironments required for appropriate cell co-culture conditions. This system can be used for studies such as cell-cell communication, cell migration, wound healing and many others. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-62332-013-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 14 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1149/05014.0031ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BA8EI UT WOS:000338023900003 ER PT S AU Okoro, CA Ahn, JJ Kelso, M Kabos, P Kopanski, JJ Obeng, YS AF Okoro, Chukuwdi A. Ahn, Jung-Joon Kelso, Meagan Kabos, Pavel Kopanski, Joseph J. Obeng, Yaw S. BE Obeng, Y Datta, S Hiramoto, T Srinivasan, P Banerjee, G Hesketh, P Ionescu, A TI Measurement Science for "More-Than-Moore" Technology Reliability Assessments SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FUNCTIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on More than Moore held during the PRiME Joint International Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society and the Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Elect & Photon Div, Sensor Div, New Technol Subcommittee Div, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry AB In this paper, we will present an overview of metrology issues and some of the techniques currently under development in our group at NIST, aimed at understanding some of the potential performance limiting issues in such highly integrated systems. We will discuss our attempts to identify and characterize the various types of defects and relate them to where and why they form, without interrupting the responsible phenomena. C1 [Okoro, Chukuwdi A.; Ahn, Jung-Joon; Kelso, Meagan; Kopanski, Joseph J.; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Div Elect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Obeng, YS (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yaw.obeng@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-62332-013-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 14 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1149/05014.0071ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BA8EI UT WOS:000338023900008 ER PT J AU Madrzykowski, D Fleischmann, C AF Madrzykowski, Daniel Fleischmann, Charles TI Fire Pattern Repeatability: A Study in Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE burn patterns; fire experiments; fire investigation; fire patterns; flame height; heat release rate AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is conducting a multi-year study, with the support of the National Institute of Justice (NU) and the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES), to examine the repeatability of fire patterns. The primary objective of the study is assessing the repeatability of fire patterns on gypsum board exposed to a limited range of source fires. The focus of this paper is an overview of the uncertainties of the measurements. The study required the use of a variety of measurements to determine the repeatability of the source fires in terms of heat release rate, temperature, heat flux, and flame height. Replicate source fire experiments were conducted in an oxygen consumption calorimeter in order to examine the repeatability of the fires in terms of the heat release rate. The flame movement and height for each fire were recorded with photographs and videos. The fire pattern experiments were conducted in a three-walled structure with a full floor and partial ceiling constructed from wood framing and lined with painted gypsum board. The source fires were positioned against the rear wall, midway along its length. Replicate experiments were conducted with each fuel. The fire patterns were documented and analyzed for repeatability. The tire pattern height results are then compared to the mean flame height results to examine the level of agreement. C1 [Madrzykowski, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fleischmann, Charles] Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. RP Madrzykowski, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES); U.S. Fire Administration; New Zealand Fire Commission FX This work is partially funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through an interagency agreement with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES). The writers would like to thank Susan Ballou of OLES for her support of this project. This work was also partially supported by the U.S. Fire Administration. The writers also extend their appreciation to Roger Nokes for his development and continued assistance with Streams and to the New Zealand Fire Commission for their financial support to the University of Canterbury. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1520/JTE104261 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 027ZI UT WOS:000310392200001 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Zipser, EJ LeMone, MA Straka, JM Simpson, J AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Zipser, Edward J. LeMone, Margaret A. Straka, Jerry M. Simpson, Joanne (Malkus) TI Tropical Oceanic Hot Towers: Need They Be Undilute to Transport Energy from the Boundary Layer to the Upper Troposphere Effectively? An Answer Based on Trajectory Analysis of a Simulation of a TOGA COARE Convective System SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL VELOCITY EVENTS; DEEP MOIST CONVECTION; 9 FEBRUARY 1993; SQUALL LINE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; MICROPHYSICS; RESOLUTION; PRECIPITATION; ICE AB This paper addresses questions resulting from the authors' earlier simulation of the 9 February 1993 Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Research Experiment (TOGA COARE) squall line, which used updraft trajectories to illustrate how updrafts deposit significant moist static energy (in terms of equivalent potential temperature theta(e))n the upper troposphere, despite dilution and a theta(e) minimum in the midtroposphere. The major conclusion drawn from this earlier work was that the "hot towers" that Riehl and Malkus showed as necessary to maintain the Hadley circulation need not be undilute. It was not possible, however, to document how the energy (or theta(e)) increased above the midtroposphere. To address this relevant scientific question, a high-resolution (300 m) simulation was carried out using a standard 3-ICE microphysics scheme (Lin-Farley-Orville). Detailed along-trajectory information also allows more accurate examination of the forces affecting each parcel's vertical velocity W, their displacement, and the processes impacting theta(e), with focus on parcels reaching the upper troposphere. Below 1 km, pressure gradient acceleration forces parcels upward against negative buoyancy acceleration associated with the sum of (positive) virtual temperature excess and (negative) condensate loading. Above 1 km, the situation reverses, with the buoyancy (and thermal buoyancy) acceleration becoming positive and nearly balancing a negative pressure gradient acceleration, slightly larger in magnitude, leading to a W minimum at midlevels. The W maximum above 8 km and concomitant theta(e) increase between 6 and 8 km are both due to release of latent heat resulting from the enthalpy of freezing of raindrops and riming onto graupel from 5 to 6.5 km and water vapor deposition onto small ice crystals and graupel pellets above that, between 7 and 10 km. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Zipser, Edward J.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [LeMone, Margaret A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Straka, Jerry M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Simpson, Joanne (Malkus)] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM afierro@ou.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320904]; NSF [0733539, 0646892] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904, U.S. Department of Commerce. Partial funding for this research was also provided by NSF Grants 0733539 and 0646892. Computer resources were provided by the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER), hosted at the University of Oklahoma. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Earle Williams and two anonymous reviewers for providing extremely helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Thanks also go out to Jon Zawislak for providing code for Fig. 1a. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 195 EP 213 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0147.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TF UT WOS:000299129900013 ER PT S AU Yuan, H Li, QL Zhu, H Li, HT Ioannou, D Richter, CA AF Yuan, Hui Li, Qiliang Zhu, Hao Li, Haitao Ioannou, Dimitris Richter, Curt A. BE Chang, PC Suzuki, M He, JH Chou, LJ Overberg, ME TI Single-Nanowire CMOS Inverter based on Ambipolar Si Nanowire FETs SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL NANOSCALE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES 5 -AND- STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 54 (SOTAPOCS 54) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Low-Dimensional Nanoscale Elect and Photonic Devices 5 and State-of-the-Art Program on Cpd Semicond 54 (SOTAPOCS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Elect & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Sensor Div, Luminescence & Display Mat Div ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB We have successfully fabricated an inverter based on ambipolar Si nanowire FETs. The inverter is consisted of two identical nanowire FETs on a single Si nanowire. The engaged FETs showed asymmetric ambipolar characteristics under positive and negative gate bias. A CMOS-like inverter can be realized on the single nanowire, where one of the devices behaves as an nMOSFET and the other behaves as a pMOSFET. C1 [Yuan, Hui; Li, Qiliang; Zhu, Hao; Li, Haitao; Ioannou, Dimitris] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yuan, Hui; Li, Qiliang; Zhu, Hao; Li, Haitao; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Yuan, H (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-354-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1149/05006.0151ecst PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8IW UT WOS:000338190200024 ER PT J AU Lin, X Ruiz, J Bajraktari, I Banerjee, S Robertson, J Gribble, K Griggs, RC Fischbeck, KH Mankodi, A AF Lin, X. Ruiz, J. Bajraktari, I. Banerjee, S. Robertson, J. Gribble, K. Griggs, R. C. Fischbeck, K. H. Mankodi, A. TI ZASP mutations trigger disassembly of F-actin bundles in myofibrillar myopathy. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin, X.; Ruiz, J.; Bajraktari, I.; Banerjee, S.; Gribble, K.; Fischbeck, K. H.; Mankodi, A.] NINDS, Neurogenet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Robertson, J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Griggs, R. C.] Univ Rochester, Neurol, Rochester, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 234 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348601234 ER PT J AU Ruiz, J Lin, X Bajraktari, I Banerjee, S Robertson, J Fischbeck, KH Mankodi, A AF Ruiz, J. Lin, X. Bajraktari, I. Banerjee, S. Robertson, J. Fischbeck, K. H. Mankodi, A. TI Characterization of ZASP-skeletal actin interaction and its role in a myofibrillar myopathy. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ruiz, J.; Lin, X.; Bajraktari, I.; Banerjee, S.; Fischbeck, K. H.; Mankodi, A.] NINDS, Neurogenet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Robertson, J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 235 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348601235 ER PT J AU Sisan, D Halter, M Hubbard, J Plant, AL AF Sisan, D. Halter, M. Hubbard, J. Plant, A. L. TI Predicting rates of cell state change due to stochastic fluctuations using a data-driven landscape model. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sisan, D.; Halter, M.; Hubbard, J.; Plant, A. L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 955 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348603143 ER PT S AU Tsuda, T Ikeda, Y Arimura, T Imanishi, A Kuwabata, S Hussey, CL Stafford, GR AF Tsuda, Tetsuya Ikeda, Yuichi Arimura, Takashi Imanishi, Akihito Kuwabata, Susumu Hussey, Charles L. Stafford, Gery R. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Al-W Alloy Deposition from Lewis Acidic Room-Temperature Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID CHLORIDE-1-ETHYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE MELT; ALUMINUM-MANGANESE ALLOYS; TERNARY ALLOYS; MOLTEN-SALTS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; TUNGSTEN; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; PASSIVITY; CORROSION AB The electrochemistry of binuclear tungsten salt, K-3[W2Cl9], was examined in the Lewis acidic 66.7-33.3 mole percent (m/o) aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3-[EtMeIm] Cl) room-temperature ionic liquid as it pertains to the electrodeposition of the Al-W alloy. We revealed that Al-W alloy without chloride contamination can be electrodeposited from the 66.7 m/o AlCl3-[EtMeIm]Cl with the K-3[W2Cl9]. Interestingly Al-W alloy having an amorphous phase as well as W-rich Al alloy over 96 atomic present (a/o) W were successfully produced. However the Al-W alloy became covered with powdery deposits with increasing the W content in the alloy. The resulting Al-W alloy showed a favorable chloride-induced pitting potential comparable to that produced by a usual sputtering method if the W content was less than ca. 3 a/o W. C1 [Tsuda, Tetsuya; Ikeda, Yuichi; Kuwabata, Susumu] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, 2-1 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Ikeda, Yuichi] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Frontier Res Base Global Young Res, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Arimura, Takashi; Imanishi, Akihito] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Chem, Osaka 5608531, Japan. [Imanishi, Akihito; Kuwabata, Susumu] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Hussey, Charles L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. [Stafford, Gery R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsuda, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, 2-1 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RI Tsuda, Tetsuya/F-7234-2014 OI Tsuda, Tetsuya/0000-0001-9462-8066 FU Iketani Science and Technology Foundation in Japan; Scientific Research on Innovative Areas [2206, 23107518]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ( MEXT); [24350071] FX Part of this research was supported by Iketani Science and Technology Foundation in Japan and Grant- in- Aid for Scientific Research B, Grant No. 24350071, and for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas ( Area No. 2206), Grant No. 23107518, from Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ( MEXT). NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1149/05011.0239ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200028 ER PT S AU Haverhals, LM Reichert, WM Nazare, S Zammarano, M Gilman, JW De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Reichert, W. Matthew Nazare, Shonali Zammarano, Mauro Gilman, Jeffrey W. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Ionic Liquid Facilitated Introduction of Functional Materials into Biopolymer Polymer Substrates SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID ALL-CELLULOSE NANOCOMPOSITE; ARAMID COMPOSITE FIBERS; PROCESS VARIABLES; DISSOLUTION; SURFACE AB In addition to being efficient solvents for biopolymers, several ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to be effective solvents for synthetic polymers such as meta-aramids, i.e., Nomex (R) (1-5). In this report, meta-aramid/cotton composites are generated by the partial dissolution of fibrous materials. Composite materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and flammability testing. Results suggest that the ionic liquid facilitated processes demonstrated are potentially powerful methods for enhancing the thermal stability and flammability characteristics of biopolymers without the denaturation of important native micro and meso structures. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Reichert, W. Matthew] Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Nazare, Shonali; De Long, Hugh C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nazare, Shonali; De Long, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Haverhals, LM (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office; U. S. Naval Academy; National Institute of Standard and Technology FX We are grateful to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding and to the U. S. Naval Academy for facilities utilized to perform this work. We are also grateful for National Institute of Standard and Technology personnel, funding, and facilities which enabled flammability testing. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force, U. S. Navy, or the National Institute of Standard and Technology. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 631 EP 640 DI 10.1149/05011.0631ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200065 ER PT B AU Attota, R AF Attota, Ravikiran BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI 3D Metrology of sub-60 nm Lines Using TSOM Optical Method SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 1: ADVANCED MATERIALS, CNTS, PARTICLES, FILMS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE TSOM; through-focus scanning; optical microscope; nanometrology; three-dimensional metrology AB This paper describes three-dimensional nanoscale measurement capability of the relatively new optical method called through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM). The TSOM method converts a conventional optical microscope into a three-dimensional metrology tool. Nanoscale sensitivity to size and shape changes of lines are demonstrated here using optical simulations. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6274-5 PY 2012 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BG7DX UT WOS:000391247800006 ER PT B AU Hanke, C Dittrich, PS Reyes, DR AF Hanke, C. Dittrich, P. S. Reyes, D. R. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Fabrication of Microelectrodes on Polyester Membranes for Dielectrophoretic Cell Capture SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE metallization; gold microelectrodes; polyester (polyethylene terephtalate PET) membrane; dielectrophoresis; cell capture AB We present a new system for cell capturing on permeable polyester (PET) membranes using dielectrophoretic forces. Gold microelectrodes were fabricated on PET membranes using conventional photolithographic techniques. Physical characterization by using different microscopy techniques revealed no differences before and after processing. Dielectrophoretic cell trapping was successfully carried out within this microfluidic system and cells remained viable at least a day after capturing. C1 [Hanke, C.; Reyes, D. R.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanke, C.; Dittrich, P. S.] ETH, Dept Chem & Appl Biosci, Wolfgang Pauli Str 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300026 ER PT B AU Petersen, EJ AF Petersen, E. J. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Uptake and Elimination Behaviors of Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-Coated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Eisenia foetida and Daphnia magna SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE nanotoxicology; single-walled carbon nanotubes; bioaccumulation; nano-environmental health and safety; ecotoxicology ID MEDIATED FUNCTIONALIZATION; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; BIOACCUMULATION; DEPURATION; SOILS AB Determining the effects of various surface coatings on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is critical given the numerous expected applications of CNTs and their inevitable release into ecosystems. To explore the potential ecotoxicological effects of CNT surface modifications, we modified multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) coatings. Uptake and elimination experiments for PEI-MWNTs with various surface charges spiked to soils revealed limited earthworm accumulation and ready elimination. Conversely, Daphnia magna, a filter-feeding aquatic invertebrate, accumulated substantial concentrations of PEI MWNTs and was only able to excrete them with algae feeding. This suggests that the availability of food in ecosystems will substantially affect the long-term fate of nanotubes ingested by daphnia. Uptake was quantified in both species using carbon-14 labeled nanotubes. C1 [Petersen, E. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300071 ER PT B AU Petersen, EJ Marquis, BJ Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Nelson, BC AF Petersen, E. J. Marquis, B. J. Jaruga, P. Dizdaroglu, M. Nelson, B. C. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Tools and Approaches for the Assessment of Nanomaterial Induced Oxidative DNA Damage SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE nanotoxicology; Comet assay; genotoxicity; biomarker; toxicology ID NANOPARTICLES; EXPOSURE AB Hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques have been employed as one of the primary analytical tools for investigating the effects of ionizing radiation, chemical/biological carcinogens, and oxygen derived free radicals on the induction and subsequent repair of oxidatively-induced DNA damage (DNA lesions) in living systems. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has established a comprehensive research program focused on identifying mechanisms of DNA damage caused by commercially relevant engineered nanoparticles (NPs) using these techniques for the quantification of oxidatively-induced DNA damage. We present an overview of our recent findings from studies on metal (gold) and metal oxide (ultrafine superparamagnetic iron oxide) nanoparticles using isotope dilution liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, respectively. C1 [Petersen, E. J.; Marquis, B. J.; Jaruga, P.; Dizdaroglu, M.; Nelson, B. C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300079 ER PT J AU Stramma, L Prince, ED Schmidtko, S Luo, JG Hoolihan, JP Visbeck, M Wallace, DWR Brandt, P Kortzinger, A AF Stramma, Lothar Prince, Eric D. Schmidtko, Sunke Luo, Jiangang Hoolihan, John P. Visbeck, Martin Wallace, Douglas W. R. Brandt, Peter Koertzinger, Arne TI Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may reduce available habitat for tropical pelagic fishes SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID BILLFISHES; ATLANTIC; HYPOXIA; COMPRESSION; VENTILATION; OCEANS AB Climate model predictions(1,2) and observations(3,4),4 reveal regional declines in oceanic dissolved oxygen, which are probably influenced by global warming(5). Studies indicate ongoing dissolved oxygen depletion and vertical expansion of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the tropical northeast Atlantic Ocean(6,7). OMZ shoaling may restrict the usable habitat of billfishes and tunas to a narrow surface layer(8,9). We report a decrease in the upper ocean layer exceeding 3.5 ml l(-1) dissolved oxygen at a rate of <= 1 m yr(-1) in the tropical northeast Atlantic (0-25 degrees N, 12-30 degrees W), amounting to an annual habitat loss of similar to 5.95 x 10(13) m(3), or 15% for the period 1960-2010. Habitat compression and associated potential habitat loss was validated using electronic tagging data from 47 blue marlin. This phenomenon increases vulnerability to surface fishing gear for billfishes and tunas(8,9), and may be associated with a 10-50% worldwide decline of pelagic predator diversity(10). Further expansion of the Atlantic OMZ along with overfishing may threaten the sustainability of these valuable pelagic fisheries and marine ecosystems. C1 [Stramma, Lothar; Visbeck, Martin; Wallace, Douglas W. R.; Brandt, Peter; Koertzinger, Arne] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci IFM GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Prince, Eric D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schmidtko, Sunke] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hoolihan, John P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wallace, Douglas W. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Canada Excellence Res Chair, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Stramma, L (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Marine Sci IFM GEOMAR, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM eric.prince@noaa.gov RI Brandt, Peter/C-8254-2013; Kortzinger, Arne/A-4141-2014; Schmidtko, Sunke/F-3355-2011; Visbeck, Martin/B-6541-2016 OI Brandt, Peter/0000-0002-9235-955X; Kortzinger, Arne/0000-0002-8181-3593; Schmidtko, Sunke/0000-0003-3272-7055; Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) part of the Collaborative Research Center [SFB-754]; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Billfish Foundation; Adopt-A-Billfish Program; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA1RJ1226] FX The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) provided support as part of the Collaborative Research Center SFB-754 (L.S., M.V., P.B. and A.K.). Support for the biological part of the study was provided through the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, The Billfish Foundation and the Adopt-A-Billfish Program (E.D.P.). Additional support was provided through the NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (S.S.). Support for J.L. and J.P.H. was provided by the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement NA1RJ1226. NR 31 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 12 U2 65 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1304 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881OH UT WOS:000299495500017 ER PT B AU Cundiff, ST AF Cundiff, Steven T. BE Prasankumar, RP Taylor, AJ TI TRANSIENT FOUR-WAVE MIXING SO OPTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOLID-STATE MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; HEAVY-HOLE EXCITONS; PHOTON-ECHO; LIGHT-HOLE; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; 2-DIMENSIONAL EXCITONS; LINE-SHAPES; SEMICONDUCTORS; BEATS C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1437-6; 978-1-4398-1537-3 PY 2012 BP 371 EP 396 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8AX UT WOS:000355481900011 ER PT J AU Uchida, T Ohno, Y AF Uchida, T. Ohno, Y. GP CIE TI AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO A DEFINITION OF THE MESOPIC ADAPTATION FIELD SO PROCEEDINGS OF CIE 2012 LIGHTING QUALITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Commission-on-Illumination on Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency CY SEP 19-21, 2012 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Commiss Illuminat, China Illuminat Engn Soc DE mesopic photometry; adaptation field; visual task performance; luminance contrast detection threshold ID THRESHOLD MEASUREMENTS AB CIE 191:2010 recommends a mesopic photometry system that defines the spectral luminous efficiency function for peripheral visual tasks. To apply the system to lighting applications, the visual adaptation condition needs to be determined, but the visual adaptation field has not yet been defined. To obtain such empirical data, psychophysical experiments have been conducted to measure the effect of the surround luminance to the adaptation state. The results show that the adaptation state depends mostly on the local luminance. These results imply that the adaptation field differs for each lighting application. C1 [Uchida, T.] Panasonic Corp, Osaka, Japan. [Ohno, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Uchida, T (reprint author), Panasonic Corp, Osaka, Japan. EM uchida.tatsukiyo@jp.panasonic.com FU European Research Council under the ERC Starting Grant [ERC-2007-StG-203143(MAHNOB)]; National Science Foundation [IIS0916812]; EPSRC grant [EP/J017787/1] FX This work has been supported by the European Research Council under the ERC Starting Grant no. ERC-2007-StG-203143(MAHNOB), and the National Science Foundation under Grant no. IIS0916812. The current work by Ognjen Rudovic is supported by the EPSRC grant EP/J017787/1: Analysis of Facial Behaviour for Security in 4D(4D-FAB). NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU PI VIENNA PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-902842-42-8 PY 2012 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJM64 UT WOS:000329166800010 ER PT J AU Zong, Y Hulett, J AF Zong, Y. Hulett, J. GP CIE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A FULLY AUTOMATED LED LIFETIME TEST SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF CIE 2012 LIGHTING QUALITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Commission-on-Illumination on Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency CY SEP 19-21, 2012 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Commiss Illuminat, China Illuminat Engn Soc DE LED; Lifetime; Ageing; Testing AB A fully automated system for light-emitting diode (LED) lifetime test has been developed and is undergoing validation. This system uses a 1 m integrating sphere for both ageing and optical measurements of 480 LEDs. It features six test zones, each of which holds an LED load board with 80 LEDs. Each zone operates independently, executing a user-entered recipe that defines current (to 5 A), voltage (to 200 V), mode (continuous on, pulsing, or cycling), and temperature (from 25 degrees C to 115 degrees C). LED ageing and light measurement occurs without the requirement to move the LED load board since the Thermal Electric Cooler (TEC) based temperature zones are enclosed within the sphere. This fully automated system addresses several challenges inherent with existing methods that require costly labour to move LED load boards from thermal control chambers to light measurements spheres. Using the new system, frequent light measurements are possible with small measurement uncertainties and a reduced operating cost. The fully automated LED lifetime test system is designed to operate for 3 - 5 years, producing long-term luminous flux depreciation data that can be applied to validate existing lifetime models and to develop new models for predicting LED lifetime. C1 [Zong, Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zong, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuqin.zong@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU PI VIENNA PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-902842-42-8 PY 2012 BP 239 EP 245 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJM64 UT WOS:000329166800037 ER PT J AU Niwa, K Godo, K Zama, T Zong, Y Ohno, Y AF Niwa, K. Godo, K. Zama, T. Zong, Y. Ohno, Y. GP CIE TI MEASUREMENT OF ANGULAR NONUNIFORMITY OF AN INTEGRATION SPHERE FOR TOTAL SPECTRAL RADIANT FLUX MEASUREMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF CIE 2012 LIGHTING QUALITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Commission-on-Illumination on Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency CY SEP 19-21, 2012 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Commiss Illuminat, China Illuminat Engn Soc DE Integrating Sphere; Spatial response distribution function; total spectral radiant flux AB In order to measure total spectral radiant flux value using integrating sphere, the spatial response distribution function (SRDF) of the sphere detector should be taken into account to correct the errors arising from the differences spatial distribution of radiant flux from sources. We have constructed beam scanner systems and measured SRDF for 2 pi and 4 pi light source geometries. We could obtain SRDF profiles of 2 pi and 4 pi geometries. The results showed that nonuniformity of SRDF was extreme around detector ports that were placed behind the baffles, which was as much as 10 %. Non-uniformities of SRDF caused by the shadow of baffles were also observed. SRDF profile could be measured to evaluate and correct the errors arising from special distribution differences of the light sources. C1 [Niwa, K.; Godo, K.; Zama, T.] Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Zong, Y.; Ohno, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Niwa, K (reprint author), Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM niwa-k@aist.go.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU PI VIENNA PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-902842-42-8 PY 2012 BP 659 EP 662 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJM64 UT WOS:000329166800103 ER PT B AU Lewis, R Schneider, H Wang, YD Radebaugh, R Lee, YC AF Lewis, Ryan Schneider, Hayley Wang, Yunda Radebaugh, Ray Lee, Y. C. GP ASME TI TWO PHASE FLOW PATTERNS AND COOLING POWER OF MIXED REFRIGERANT IN MICRO CRYOGENIC COOLERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOCHANNELS, MICROCHANNELS AND MINICHANNELS 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL ASME, Heat Transfer Div, Rio Grande, PR SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div HO ASME, Heat Transfer Div AB Micro cryogenic coolers (MCCs) operating in the Joule-Thomson cycle with mixed refrigerants offer an attractive way to decrease the size, cost, and power draw required for cryogenic cooling. Recent studies of MCCs with mixed refrigerants have, when employing pre-cooling, shown pulsating flow-rates and oscillating temperatures, which have been linked to the refrigerant flow regime in the MCC. In this study we investigate those flow regimes. Using a high-speed camera and optical microscopy, it is found that the pulsations in flow correspond to an abrupt switch from single-phase vapor flow to single-phase liquid flow, followed by 2-phase flow in the form of bubbles, liquid slugs, and liquid slug-annular rings. After this period of 2-phase flow, the refrigerant transitions back to single-phase vapor flow for the cycle to repeat. Under different pre-cooling temperatures, the mole fraction of the vapor-phase refrigerant, as measured by molar flow-rate, agrees reasonably well with the quality of the refrigerant at that temperature as calculated by an equation of state. The frequency of pulsation increases with liquid fraction in the refrigerant, and the volume of liquid in each pulse only weakly increases with increasing liquid fraction. The cooling power of the liquid-flow is up to a factor of 7 greater than that of the 2-phase flows and single-phase vapor flow. C1 [Lewis, Ryan; Schneider, Hayley; Wang, Yunda; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Radebaugh, Ray] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lewis, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4479-3 PY 2012 BP 501 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA3XT UT WOS:000335090900062 ER PT B AU Michaloski, J Lee, BE Proctor, F Venkatesh, S AF Michaloski, John Lee, Byeong Eon Proctor, Frederick Venkatesh, Sid GP ASME TI WEB-ENABLED REAL-TIME QUALITY FEEDBACK FOR FACTORY SYSTEMS USING MTCONNECT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE MTConnect; inspection; quality assurance; tolerance; manufacturing AB Quality is a key element to success for any manufacturer, and the fundamental prerequisite for quality is measurement. In the discrete parts industry, quality is attained through inspection of parts but typically there is a long latency between machining, quality measurement and part/process assessment. Since manufacturing systems are by their nature imperfect, it is imperative to indentify and rectify out-of-tolerance processes as soon as possible. Rapid quality feedback into the factory operation is not a complex concept, however, the collection and dissemination of the necessary measurement data in a timely and tightly integrated manner is challenging. This paper discusses Web-enabled, real-time quality data based on the integration of MTConnect and quality measurement reporting data. MTConnect is an open factory communication standard that leverages the Internet and uses XML for data representation. The quality data is represented in MTConnect as XML to represent Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) output results. A pilot implementation to produce Web-enabled, real-time quality results in a standard MTConnect XML representation from Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) inspections will be discussed. C1 [Michaloski, John; Lee, Byeong Eon; Proctor, Frederick] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Venkatesh, Sid] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA USA. RP Michaloski, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 403 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700045 ER PT B AU Shakarji, CM Srinivasan, V AF Shakarji, Craig M. Srinivasan, Vijay GP ASME TI FITTING WEIGHTED TOTAL LEAST-SQUARES PLANES AND PARALLEL PLANES TO SUPPORT TOLERANCING STANDARDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ALGORITHM AB We present elegant algorithms for fitting a plane, two parallel planes (corresponding to a slot or a slab) or many parallel planes in a total (orthogonal) least-squares sense to coordinate data that is weighted. Each of these problems is reduced to a simple 3x3 matrix eigenvalue/eigenvector problem or an equivalent singular value decomposition problem, which can be solved using reliable and readily available commercial software. These methods were numerically verified by comparing them with brute-force minimization searches. We demonstrate the need for such weighted total least-squares fitting in coordinate metrology to support new and emerging tolerancing standards, for instance, ISO 14405-1:2010. The widespread practice of unweighted fitting works well enough when point sampling is controlled and can be made uniform (e.g., using a discrete point contact Coordinate Measuring Machine). However, we demonstrate that nonuniformly sampled points (arising from many new measurement technologies) coupled with unweighted least-squares fitting can lead to erroneous results. When needed, the algorithms presented also solve the unweighted cases simply by assigning the value one to each weight. We additionally prove convergence from the discrete to continuous cases of least-squares fitting as the point sampling becomes dense. C1 [Shakarji, Craig M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivasan, Vijay] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shakarji, CM (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.shakarji@nist.gov; vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 449 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700049 ER PT B AU Mani, M Madan, J Lee, JH Lyons, K Gupta, SK AF Mani, Mahesh Madan, Jatinder Lee, Jae Hyun Lyons, Kevin Gupta, S. K. GP ASME TI CHARACTERIZING SUSTAINABILITY FOR MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE sustainable manufacturing; manufacturing performance; characterization; assessment methodology AB Manufacturing industries lack the measurement science and the needed information base to measure and effectively compare performance of manufacturing processes, resources and associated services with respect to sustainability. The current use of ad-hoc methods and tools to assess and describe sustainability of manufactured products do not account for manufacturing processes explicitly and hence results in inaccurate and ambiguous comparisons. Further, there are no formal methods for acquiring and exchanging information that help establish a consolidated sustainability information base. Our goal is to develop the needed measurement science and methodology that will enable manufacturers to evaluate sustainability performance of fundamental manufacturing processes ensuring reliable and consistent comparisons. In this paper, we propose and discuss a methodology for sustainability characterization to bridge the measurement science and the needed information base for sustainable manufacturing. This will set the stage for manufacturers to objectively assess and compare different manufacturing processes for sustainability. C1 [Mani, Mahesh; Madan, Jatinder; Lee, Jae Hyun; Lyons, Kevin] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD USA. [Mani, Mahesh] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Madan, Jatinder] Sant Longowal Inst Engg & Tech, Longowal, India. RP Mani, M (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 1153 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700125 ER PT B AU Kim, DB Leong, S Chen, CS AF Kim, Duck Bong Leong, Swee Chen, Chin-Sheng GP ASME TI AN OVERVIEW OF SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS AND METRICS FOR DISCRETE PART MANUFACTURING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; SYSTEM AB Sustainable manufacturing has become an emerging environmental, economic, societal, and technological challenge to the industry, the academia, and the government entities. Numerous research and development (R&D) efforts have been launched, and many global and domestic efforts have been initiated toward a long-term sustainable world. This paper provides an overview of R&D efforts in the measurement of manufacturing sustainability, based on an intensive literature search. It focuses on sustainability metrics that apply to unit machining processes for discrete part manufacturing. The authors present results from assessing the scope of indicators that exist for sustainability measurement in general, with a quick visit to the taxonomy of manufacturing activities and different classifications Of existing SM metrics by unit machining processes. Most metrics at the unit machining level were developed to measure environmental impacts with respect to energy, materials, water, wastes, and air emissions, while a relatively smaller effort was developed to gauge societal or economic impacts. We report on an analysis of energy metrics available for various unit machining processes at the sub-device and sub-unit process level. C1 [Kim, Duck Bong; Leong, Swee] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Chin-Sheng] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Kim, DB (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 1173 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700127 ER PT S AU Krima, S Feeney, AB Foufou, S AF Krima, Sylvere Feeney, Allison Barnard Foufou, Sebti BE Rivest, L Bouras, A Louhichi, B TI Dynamic Customization and Validation of Product Data Models Using Semantic Web Tools SO PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT: TOWARDS KNOWLEDGE-RICH ENTERPRISES (PLM 2012) SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IFIP WG 5.1 International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) CY JUL 09-11, 2012 CL Univ Quebec, Ecole Technologie Superieure, Montreal, CANADA SP Int Federat Informat Proc Working Grp 5 1, PCO Innovat, Dassault Syst, Audros, Strategy Consulting & Innovat Prod Engn Inc, GPA, Lab Ingn Produits Procedes & Syst, CRIAQ HO Univ Quebec, Ecole Technologie Superieure ID PLM AB Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) has always required robust solutions for representing product data models. Product data models enable information exchange across different organizations, actors, processes and stages in the product lifecycle. In this context, standardization of models plays a key role, since it ensures interoperability between the different systems that support information exchange. These standard models need to support diverse domain-specific requirements from the multitude of disciplines involved during a product's lifecycle. Due to this diversity, challenges are to (1) develop multidisciplinary reusable models, (2) extend them to support new requirements over time (new products, new regulations, new materials, new processes) and (3) implement the resulting gigantic information models. ISO 10303, the reference standard for PLM-related data models provides two mechanisms that enable specialization of generic product data to address some of these challenges. In this paper we introduce the need for dynamic PLM-related information models, detail the existing ISO 10303 method and identify its limitations. We then present a methodology for enhancing that method using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and ontologies for representing product data models and the SPARQL Inference Notation (SPIN), a new Semantic Web technology, for validating product data and overcoming OWL limitations. C1 [Krima, Sylvere; Feeney, Allison Barnard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, Doha, Qatar. [Krima, Sylvere; Foufou, Sebti] Univ Bourgogne, UMR 6306, Lab Le2i, F-21004 Dijon, France. RP Krima, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sylvere.krima@nist.gov; abf@nist.gov; sfoufou@qu.edu.qa OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-642-35758-9 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2012 VL 388 BP 569 EP 577 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BD7LE UT WOS:000363260500051 ER PT B AU Rose, KA Fabrizio, MC Phelan, BA AF Rose, Kenneth A. Fabrizio, Mary C. Phelan, Beth A. BE Jennings, CA Lauer, TE Vondracek, B TI Determining Authorship: Why Is Something that Seems so Simple Often so Difficult? SO SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION FOR NATURAL RESOURCE PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CITATION ANALYSIS; INDEX; RESPONSIBILITY; FACULTY; SCIENCE; CREDIT C1 [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. [Fabrizio, Mary C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Phelan, Beth A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Rose, KA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. EM karose@lsu.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-28-8 PY 2012 BP 7 EP 18 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5DU UT WOS:000336557800002 ER PT S AU Madrzykowski, D Fleischmann, C AF Madrzykowski, Daniel Fleischmann, Charles BE Hall, JR TI Fire Pattern Repeatability: A Study in Uncertainty SO UNCERTAINTY IN FIRE STANDARDS AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT, 2011 SE American Society for Testing and Materials Selected Technical Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Uncertainty in Fire standards and What to Do About it CY JUN 16, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASTM Comm E05 Fire Standards DE burn patterns; fire experiments; fire investigation; fire patterns; flame height; heat release rate AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is conducting a multi-year study, with the support of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES), to examine the repeatability of fire patterns. The primary objective of the study is assessing the repeatability of fire patterns on gypsum board exposed to a limited range of source fires. The focus of this paper is an overview of the uncertainties of the measurements. The study required the use of, a variety of measurements to determine the repeatability of the source fires in terms of heat release rate, temperature, heat flux, and flame height. Replicate source fire experiments were conducted in an oxygen consumption calorimeter in order to examine the repeatability of the fires in terms of the heat release rate. The flame movement and height for each fire were recorded with photographs and videos. The fire pattern experiments were conducted in a three walled structure with a full floor and partial ceiling constructed from wood framing and lined with painted gypsum board. The source fires were positioned against the rear wall, midway along its length. Replicate experiments were conducted with each fuel. The fire patterns were documented and analyzed for repeatability. The fire pattern height results are then compared to the mean flame height results to examine the level of agreement. C1 [Madrzykowski, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fleischmann, Charles] Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. RP Madrzykowski, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ); NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES); U.S. Fire Administration; New Zealand Fire Commission FX This work is partially funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through an interagency agreement with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES). The writers would like to thank Susan Ballou of OLES for her support of this project. This work was also partially supported by the U.S. Fire Administration. The writers also extend their appreciation to Roger Nokes for his development and continued assistance with Streams and to the New Zealand Fire Commission for their financial support to the University of Canterbury. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7527-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2012 VL 1541 BP 88 EP 109 DI 10.1520/JTE104261 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG9UR UT WOS:000393924100007 ER PT J AU Singh, N Jenkins, GJS Nelson, BC Marquis, BJ Maffeis, TGG Brown, AP Williams, PM Wright, CJ Doak, SH AF Singh, Neenu Jenkins, Gareth J. S. Nelson, Bryant C. Marquis, Bryce J. Maffeis, Thierry G. G. Brown, Andy P. Williams, Paul M. Wright, Chris J. Doak, Shareen H. TI The role of iron redox state in the genotoxicity of ultrafine superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Genotoxicity; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Oxidation; Biocompatibility; Metal ion release ID IN-VITRO; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; DNA; LIVER; FIBROBLASTS; MECHANISMS; PARTICLES; TOXICITY; AGENTS; DAMAGE AB Ultrafine superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPION) hold great potential for revolutionising biomedical applications such as MRI, localised hyperthermia, and targeted drug delivery. Though evidence is increasing regarding the influence of nanoparticle physico-chemical features on toxicity, data however, is lacking that assesses a range of such characteristics in parallel. We show that iron redox state, a subtle though important physico-chemical feature of USPION, dramatically modifies the cellular uptake of these nanoparticles and influences their induction of DNA damage. Surface chemistry was also found to have an impact and evidence to support a potential mechanism of oxidative DNA damage behind the observed responses has been demonstrated. As human exposure to ferrofluids is predicted to increase through nanomedicine based therapeutics, these findings are important in guiding the fabrication of USPION to ensure they have characteristics that support biocompatibility. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, Neenu; Jenkins, Gareth J. S.; Doak, Shareen H.] Swansea Univ, Coll Med, Inst Life Sci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Nelson, Bryant C.; Marquis, Bryce J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maffeis, Thierry G. G.; Williams, Paul M.; Wright, Chris J.] Swansea Univ, Coll Engn, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnol Ctr, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Brown, Andy P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Inst Mat Res, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Singh, N (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Coll Med, Inst Life Sci, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM n.singh@swansea.ac.uk OI Brown, Andy/0000-0001-9692-2154; Marquis, Bryce/0000-0003-1290-2741; jenkins, gareth/0000-0002-5437-8389; Doak, Shareen/0000-0002-6753-1987; Wright, Chris/0000-0003-2375-8159 FU Medical Research Council; Research Councils UK; EPSRC [EP/E059678/1, EP/H008578/1] FX This work is supported by funds from the Medical Research Council and the Research Councils UK (SHD Academic Fellowship). The authors wish to acknowledge EPSRC (EP/E059678/1 and EP/H008578/1) for financial support. TEM results were obtained using the Leeds EPSRC Nanoscierice and Nanotechnology Research Equipment Facility (EP/F056311/1). The authors also wish to thank Dr Alice Warley, Dr Anthony Brain and Mr Ken Brady (Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London) for expert sample preparation. We are also grateful to Prof. Andrew Barron and Mr Alvin Orbaek (Chemistry Department, Rice University) for XPS data analysis and interpretation. NR 48 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JAN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.087 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 853AX UT WOS:000297399700017 PM 22027595 ER PT J AU Zaluzhna, O Li, Y Zangmeister, C Allison, TC Tong, YJ AF Zaluzhna, Oksana Li, Ying Zangmeister, Chris Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Mechanistic insights on one-phase vs. two-phase Brust-Schiffrin method synthesis of Au nanoparticles with dioctyl-diselenides SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; AUTOOXIDIZED MONOLAYERS; CLUSTER MOLECULES; RAMAN; SIZE; NMR; EVOLUTION; AU(111); SPECTRA AB Metal precursors in the one-phase (1p) and two-phase (2p) Brust-Schiffrin method (BSM) synthesis of Au nanoparticles (NPs) using dioctyl-diselenides were identified. A single dominant type of metal precursor was found in the 1p synthesis as compared to multiple ones in the 2p synthesis, which was proposed as the key reason why the former is better than the latter. C1 [Zaluzhna, Oksana; Li, Ying; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Zangmeister, Chris; Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tong, YJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM yyt@georgetown.edu RI Li, Ying/B-9837-2013; Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008 OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3466-4115; Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X FU NSF [CHE-0456848, CHE-0923910] FX This work was supported by grants from the NSF (CHE-0456848 and CHE-0923910). The authors thank the UMD NISP Lab for use of its TEM facility. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 362 EP 364 DI 10.1039/c1cc15955k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 857GB UT WOS:000297704500007 PM 22083025 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Thompson, B Cooper, E Moore, J Fulton, MH AF DeLorenzo, Marie E. Thompson, Brian Cooper, Emily Moore, Janet Fulton, Michael H. TI A long-term monitoring study of chlorophyll, microbial contaminants, and pesticides in a coastal residential stormwater pond and its adjacent tidal creek SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Stormwater pond; Coastal water quality; Bacteria; Chlorophyll; Pesticides ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ANALYSIS; SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GRASS SHRIMP; THERMOLABILE HEMOLYSIN; NONPOINT SOURCES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; WATER; TOXICITY AB Stormwater ponds are commonly used in residential and commercial areas to control flooding. The accumulation of urban contaminants in stormwater ponds can lead to water-quality problems including nutrient enrichment, chemical contamination, and bacterial contamination. This study presents 5 years of monitoring data assessing water quality of a residential subdivision pond and adjacent tidal creek in coastal South Carolina, USA. The stormwater pond is eutrophic, as described by elevated concentrations of chlorophyll and phosphorus, and experiences periodic cyanobacterial blooms. A maximum monthly average chlorophyll concentration of 318.75 mu g/L was measured in the stormwater pond and 227.63 mu g/L in the tidal creek. Fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) levels were measured in both the pond and the tidal creek that exceeded health and safety standards for safe recreational use. A maximum monthly average FCB level of 1,247 CFU/100 mL was measured in the stormwater pond and 12,850 CFU/100 mL in the tidal creek. In addition, the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and pathogenic bacteria were detected. Low concentrations of herbicides (atrazine and 2,4-D), a fungicide (chlorothalonil), and insecticides (pyrethroids and imidacloprid) were measured. Seasonal trends were identified, with the winter months having the lowest concentrations of chlorophyll and FCB. Statistical differences between the stormwater pond and the tidal creek were also noted within seasons. The tidal creek had higher FCB levels than the stormwater pond in the spring and summer, whereas the stormwater pond had higher chlorophyll levels than the tidal creek in the summer and fall seasons. Chlorophyll and FCB levels in the stormwater pond were significantly correlated with monthly average temperature and total rainfall. Pesticide concentrations were also significantly correlated with temperature and rainfall. Pesticide concentrations in the stormwater pond were significantly correlated with pesticide concentrations in the adjacent tidal creek. Chlorophyll and FCB levels in the tidal creek, however, were not significantly correlated with levels in the pond. While stormwater ponds are beneficial in controlling flooding, they may pose environmental and human health risks due to biological and chemical contamination. Management to reduce residential runoff may improve water quality in coastal stormwater ponds and their adjacent estuarine ecosystems. C1 [DeLorenzo, Marie E.; Thompson, Brian; Moore, Janet; Fulton, Michael H.] Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cooper, Emily] JHT, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 184 IS 1 BP 343 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-1972-3 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854UR UT WOS:000297520600030 PM 21409361 ER PT J AU Anandan, KP Tulsian, AS Donmez, A Ozdoganlar, OB AF Anandan, K. Prashanth Tulsian, Abhinandan S. Donmez, Alkan Ozdoganlar, O. Burak TI A Technique for measuring radial error motions of ultra-high-speed miniature spindles used for micromachining SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ultra-high-speed spindles; Air bearing spindles; Spindle metrology; Micro-manufacturing; Runout; Micromachining; Error motion; Axis of rotation; Uncertainty ID LASER-DOPPLER VIBROMETRY; CAPACITIVE DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENTS; VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS; SEPARATION TECHNIQUES; CHARACTERIZING AXIS; ROTATION; METROLOGY AB Ultra-high-speed (UHS) miniature spindles are widely used for mechanical micromachining processes, such as micromilling and microdrilling, as well as for precision machining processes. The accuracy of features created in those processes depends on the trajectory of the tool tip as the spindle rotates. The tool-tip trajectory can be obtained by measuring the speed-dependent radial motions (which are sometimes referred to as the dynamic runout) at the tool tip. The main contributors to the tool-tip speed-dependent radial motions are the error motions of the spindle, the form accuracy of the cutting tool, the alignment of the tool with respect to the axis of rotation, and the vibrations resulting from the rotating eccentricity. This paper describes a methodology that uses two laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) systems to measure the radial motions at two axial locations of a precision cylindrical artifact attached to the spindle, while the spindle is rotated at its operational speeds. Measured radial motions are then processed to obtain radial and tilt error motions of the UHS spindle in the rotating sensitive direction. An alignment procedure is developed to ensure the mutual perpendicularity of the two (X and Y) laser beams. The methodology is demonstrated on an UHS air-turbine driven spindle with aerostatic-bearings. Subsequently, an analysis is performed to determine the measurement uncertainty associated with the presented methodology. It is concluded that the presented methodology can be used to effectively measure radial and tilt error motions of UHS spindles. Furthermore, it is shown that the average radial motion, synchronous radial error motion value and the standard deviation of the asynchronous radial error motion vary significantly with the spindle speed due to dynamic effects. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Anandan, K. Prashanth; Tulsian, Abhinandan S.; Ozdoganlar, O. Burak] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Donmez, Alkan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ozdoganlar, OB (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM ozdoganlar@cmu.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0728157] FX The authors wish to thank undergraduate student Mr. Matthew B. Wasserman for his help in the design and construction of the experimental test facility. This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and by the National Science Foundation under award number CMMI-0728157 (Ozdoganlar). NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 104 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2011.07.014 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 854JK UT WOS:000297490600013 ER PT J AU Middlebrook, AM Bahreini, R Jimenez, JL Canagaratna, MR AF Middlebrook, Ann M. Bahreini, Roya Jimenez, Jose L. Canagaratna, Manjula R. TI Evaluation of Composition-Dependent Collection Efficiencies for the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer using Field Data SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; BEAM WIDTH PROBE; MEXICO-CITY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AMBIENT AEROSOL; LIGHT-SCATTERING; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NEW-YORK; PART 1; PARTICLES AB In recent years, Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) have been used in many locations around the world to study the size-resolved, nonrefractory chemical composition of ambient particles. In order to obtain quantitative data, the mass or (number) of particles detected by the AMS relative to the mass (or number) of particles sampled by the AMS, i.e., the AMS collection efficiency (CE) must be known. Previous studies have proposed and used parameterizations of the AMS CE based on the aerosol composition and sampling line relative humidity. Here, we evaluate these parameterizations by comparing AMS mass concentrations with independent measurements of fine particle volume or particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) ion chromatography measurements for 3 field campaigns with different dominant aerosol mixtures: (1) acidic sulfate particles, (2) aerosol containing a high mass fraction of ammonium nitrate, and (3) aerosol composed of primarily biomass burning emissions. The use of the default CE of 0.5 for all campaigns resulted in 81-90% of the AMS speciated and total mass concentrations comparing well with fine particle volume or PILS measurements within experimental uncertainties, with positive biases compared with a random error curve. By using composition-dependent CE values (sometimes as a function of size) which increased the CE for the above aerosol types, the fraction of data points within the measurement uncertainties increased to more than 92% and the mass concentrations decreased by similar to 5-15% on an average. The CE did not appear to be significantly dependent on changes in organic mass fraction although it was substantial in the 3 campaigns (47, 30, and 55%). C1 [Middlebrook, Ann M.; Bahreini, Roya] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bahreini, Roya; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Canagaratna, Manjula R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Middlebrook, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,R-CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Ann.M.Middlebrook@noaa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; FU NASA [NNX08AD39G]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310565] FX We thank Chuck Brock, Adam Wollny, Carlos Gallar, Julie Cozic, Shuka Schwarz, Ryan Spackman, Ru-Shan Gao, Laurel Watts, David Fahey, Brendan Matthew, Kristen Schulz, Derek Coffman, Trish Quinn, Tim Onasch, Frank Drewnick, and the AMS user community for providing data and/or useful discussions. JLJ was supported by NASA NNX08AD39G and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. NR 64 TC 196 Z9 200 U1 3 U2 62 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 258 EP 271 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.620041 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848QP UT WOS:000297068500002 ER PT J AU Xu, J Vanderlick, TK Lavan, DA AF Xu, Jian Vanderlick, T. Kyle LaVan, David A. TI Energy Conversion in Protocells with Natural Nanoconductors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORUS-ELECTRICUS L; PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS; MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; F0F1 ATP SYNTHASE; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; AIRWAY EPITHELIUM; SODIUM-CHANNELS; BINDING-SITES; ION; EEL AB While much nanotechnology leverages solid-state devices, here we present the analysis of designs for hybrid organic-inorganic biomimetic devices, "protocells," based on assemblies of natural ion channels and ion pumps, " nanoconductors," incorporated into synthetic supported lipid bilayer membranes. These protocells mimic the energy conversion scheme of natural cells and are able to directly output electricity. The electrogenic mechanisms have been analyzed and designs were optimized using numerical models. The parameters that affect the energy conversion are quantified, and limits for device performance have been found using numerical optimization. The electrogenic performance is compared to conventional and emerging technologies and plotted on Ragone charts to allow direct comparisons. The protocell technologies summarized here may be of use for energy conversion where large-scale ion concentration gradients are available (such as the intersection of fresh and salt water sources) or small-scale devices where low power density would be acceptable. C1 [LaVan, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Jian; Vanderlick, T. Kyle] Yale Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Lavan, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; Xu, Jian/A-6424-2013 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028; FU National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, National Center for Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors [PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B] FX This paper was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, as part of the National Center for Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors, award number PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B. The full description of the materials and software used in this paper requires the identification of certain products, materials, and software suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such products, materials, or software are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best products, materials, or software for the purposes described. NR 94 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 29 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-662X J9 INT J PHOTOENERGY JI Int. J. Photoenergy PY 2012 AR 425735 DI 10.1155/2012/425735 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA 846CW UT WOS:000296875800001 ER PT J AU Melnichenko, YB He, LL Sakurovs, R Kholodenko, AL Blach, T Mastalerz, M Radlinski, AP Cheng, G Mildner, DFR AF Melnichenko, Yuri B. He, Lilin Sakurovs, Richard Kholodenko, Arkady L. Blach, Tomasz Mastalerz, Maria Radlinski, Andrzej P. Cheng, Gang Mildner, David F. R. TI Accessibility of pores in coal to methane and carbon dioxide SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Coal; Accessible pores; CO2; Methane; Small-angle neutron scattering ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BITUMINOUS COAL; AMERICAN COALS; SURFACE-AREA; POROSITY; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; SILICA; USANS AB Fluid-solid interactions in natural and engineered porous solids underlie a variety of technological processes, including geological storage of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, enhanced coal bed methane recovery, membrane separation, and heterogeneous catalysis. The size, distribution and interconnectivity of pores, the chemical and physical properties of the solid and fluid phases collectively dictate how fluid molecules migrate into and through the micro-and meso-porous media, adsorb and ultimately react with the solid surfaces. Due to the high penetration power and relatively short wavelength of neutrons, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) as well as ultra small-angle scattering (USANS) techniques are ideally suited for assessing the phase behavior of confined fluids under pressure as well as for evaluating the total porosity in engineered and natural porous systems including coal. Here we demonstrate that SANS and USANS can be also used for determining the fraction of the pore volume that is actually accessible to fluids as a function of pore sizes and study the fraction of inaccessible pores as a function of pore size in three coals from the Illinois Basin (USA) and Bowen Basin (Australia). Experiments were performed at CO2 and methane pressures up to 780 bar, including pressures corresponding to zero average contrast condition (ZAC), which is the pressure where no scattering from the accessible pores occurs. Scattering curves at the ZAC were compared with the scattering from same coals under vacuum and analysed using a newly developed approach that shows that the volume fraction of accessible pores in these coals varies between similar to 90% in the macropore region to similar to 30% in the mesopore region and the variation is distinctive for each of the examined coals. The developed methodology may be also applied for assessing the volume of accessible pores in other natural underground formations of interest for CO2 sequestration, such as saline aquifers as well as for estimating closed porosity in engineered porous solids of technological importance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Melnichenko, Yuri B.; He, Lilin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sakurovs, Richard] CSIRO Energy Technol, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Kholodenko, Arkady L.] Clemson Univ, HL Hunter Labs 375, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Blach, Tomasz; Radlinski, Andrzej P.] Griffith Univ, Nanoscale Sci & Technol Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Mastalerz, Maria; Radlinski, Andrzej P.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Cheng, Gang] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Cheng, Gang] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Melnichenko, YB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM melnichenkoy@ornl.gov; Richard.Sakurovs@csiro.au OI He, Lilin/0000-0002-9560-8101 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; ORNL; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This research was supported in part by the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program, administered jointly by the ORNL and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The elements of this work utilizing the BT-5 instrument at the NCNR were supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672. Mention of specific commercial products is for informational purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2012 VL 91 IS 1 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.026 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 841SD UT WOS:000296532400025 ER PT J AU Tokotch, BN Meindl, CF Hoare, A Jepson, ME AF Tokotch, Britni N. Meindl, Christopher F. Hoare, Armando Jepson, Michael E. TI Stakeholder perceptions of the northern Gulf of Mexico grouper and tilefish individual fishing quota program SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Individual fishing quotas; Gulf of Mexico; United States; Fisheries management; Perceptions; Survey ID NEW-ZEALAND; TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; FISHERIES AB The Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council determined that previous management of the grouper and tilefish fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico were not meeting management goals, and developed a catch shares program using individual fishing quotas (IFQs) beginning in January 2010 in order to more effectively manage these fisheries. An IFQ is a management method in which individual fishers and corporations are allocated the right to harvest a percentage of a fishery's total allowable catch, thus specifying how much of a particular species each fisher can harvest. This study makes use of a mail out survey to document the perceptions of fishers, seafood wholesalers, fisheries managers, and academics with an interest in the (northern) Gulf of Mexico grouper and tilefish IFQ program. While fishers, seafood dealers, fisheries managers, and academics all acknowledge that the IFQ program will create some problems, commercial fishers and dealers were far more skeptical of the alleged benefits of IFQs. Moreover, larger commercial operators were more inclined to agree with managers and academics that the IFQ program will produce several benefits for their operations and the fisheries. Some smaller operators believe that they will be driven to ignore the new rules or be forced out of business. In the future, the Gulf Council might do two things: put a bit more effort into making fishers aware of the potential benefits of IFQs, and develop alternatives with more flexibility perhaps working more closely with communities of fishers, who prize their independent way of life above all else. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meindl, Christopher F.; Hoare, Armando] Univ S Florida, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Geog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Tokotch, Britni N.; Jepson, Michael E.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Meindl, CF (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Geog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cmeindl@mail.usf.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.03.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 834ZP UT WOS:000296003300005 ER PT J AU Piovano, S Basciano, G Swimmer, Y Giacoma, C AF Piovano, Susanna Basciano, Giovanni Swimmer, Yonat Giacoma, Cristina TI Evaluation of a bycatch reduction technology by fishermen: A case study from Sicily SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Bycatch reduction technology; Circle hook; Fisheries management; Human dimension; Loggerhead sea turtle; Mediterranean Sea ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; CIRCLE HOOKS; SEA-TURTLES; RELEASE FISHERIES; HUMAN DIMENSIONS; CATCH; TARGET; MORTALITY; STYLE AB Bycatch reduction technologies (BRTs) have been developed to limit the incidental capture of nontarget marine species in fishing gear, especially those species of special concern. However, in the absence of enforcement, the proven effectiveness of a BRT alone does not guarantee its adoption by fishermen. Human factors also play a fundamental role. This case study was directed at evaluating the willingness of Sicilian longline fishermen to use relatively large circle hooks (size 16/0) as a BRT for the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta. Fishermen were involved in testing circle hooks with their fishing vessels and their own commercial fishing gear, and their opinions before and after trials at sea were recorded. The present study showed the importance of creating a positive human context for testing a BRT. Findings provided additional confirmation about the usefulness of relatively large circle hooks to reduce the bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles on drifting longlines. Interviews before and after trials at sea indicated that socio-economic and emotional factors are essential for successful uptake of BRTs. Crews of large fishing vessels stated that they would be willing to use circle hooks in months with a high probability of turtle captures (June-September) if an economic incentive was provided and there was also public acknowledgement of their efforts. The fishermen's cooperatives association involved in the project is currently evaluating the creation of a product label identifying the harbors where fishing was performed using circle hooks. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Piovano, Susanna; Giacoma, Cristina] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, I-10123 Turin, Italy. [Basciano, Giovanni] AGCI AGRITAL, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Swimmer, Yonat] US NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Piovano, S (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, Via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10123 Turin, Italy. EM susanna.piovano@gmail.com NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 272 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.004 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 834ZP UT WOS:000296003300033 ER PT J AU Tallis, H Lester, SE Ruckelshaus, M Plummer, M McLeod, K Guerry, A Andelman, S Caldwell, MR Conte, M Copps, S Fox, D Fujita, R Gaines, SD Gelfenbaum, G Gold, B Kareiva, P Kim, CK Lee, K Papenfus, M Redman, S Silliman, B Wainger, L White, C AF Tallis, Heather Lester, Sarah E. Ruckelshaus, Mary Plummer, Mark McLeod, Karen Guerry, Anne Andelman, Sandy Caldwell, Margaret R. Conte, Marc Copps, Stephen Fox, David Fujita, Rod Gaines, Steven D. Gelfenbaum, Guy Gold, Barry Kareiva, Peter Kim, Choong-ki Lee, Kai Papenfus, Michael Redman, Scott Silliman, Brian Wainger, Lisa White, Crow TI New metrics for managing and sustaining the ocean's bounty SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Integrated ecosystem assessment; Marine spatial planning; Ecosystem services; Monitoring AB Policies are arising around the world, most recently in the United States, that mandate the implementation of marine spatial planning as a practical pathway towards ecosystem-based management. In the new United States ocean policy, and several other cases around the globe, ecosystem services are at the core of marine spatial planning, but there is little guidance on how ecosystem services should be measured, making it hard to implement this new approach. A new framework is shown here for practical, rigorous ecosystem service measurement that highlights contributions from both natural and social systems. The novel three-step framework addresses traditional shortcomings of an ecosystem services approach by giving managers and scientists the tools to assess and track: (1) the condition of the ecosystem (supply metrics), (2) the amount of ocean resources actually used or enjoyed by people (service metrics), and (3) people's preference for that level of service (value metrics). This framework will allow real world progress on marine spatial planning to happen quickly, and with a greater chance for success. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tallis, Heather; Guerry, Anne; Conte, Marc; Kim, Choong-ki; Papenfus, Michael] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lester, Sarah E.; White, Crow] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary; Plummer, Mark] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McLeod, Karen] Oregon State Univ, COMPASS, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Andelman, Sandy] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Caldwell, Margaret R.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Copps, Stephen] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fox, David] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fujita, Rod] Environm Def Fund, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Gaines, Steven D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gold, Barry] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Kareiva, Peter] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Lee, Kai] David & Lucile Packard Fdn, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. [Redman, Scott] Puget Sound Partnership, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Silliman, Brian] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32612 USA. [Wainger, Lisa] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Tallis, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Nat Capital Project, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM htallis@stanford.edu RI Wainger, Lisa/H-7640-2012 OI Wainger, Lisa/0000-0002-3983-8850 NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.03.013 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 834ZP UT WOS:000296003300037 ER PT J AU Dogan, G Nochetto, RH AF Dogan, Guenay Nochetto, Ricardo H. TI FIRST VARIATION OF THE GENERAL CURVATURE-DEPENDENT SURFACE ENERGY SO ESAIM-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS-MODELISATION MATHEMATIQUE ET ANALYSE NUMERIQUE LA English DT Article DE Surface energy; gradient flow; mean curvature; Willmore functional ID SHAPE OPTIMIZATION APPROACH; PHASE-FIELD MODELS; WILLMORE FLOW; ANISOTROPIC SURFACES; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; GRADIENT FLOWS; INTERFACES; EVOLUTION; VESICLES AB We consider general surface energies, which are weighted integrals over a closed surface with a weight function depending on the position, the unit normal and the mean curvature of the surface. Energies of this form have applications in many areas, such as materials science, biology and image processing. Often one is interested in finding a surface that minimizes such an energy, which entails finding its first variation with respect to perturbations of the surface. We present a concise derivation of the first variation of the general surface energy using tools from shape differential calculus. We first derive a scalar strong form and next a vector weak form of the first variation. The latter reveals the variational structure of the first variation, avoids dealing explicitly with the tangential gradient of the unit normal, and thus can be easily discretized using parametric finite elements. Our results are valid for surfaces in any number of dimensions and unify all previous results derived for specific examples of such surface energies. C1 [Dogan, Guenay] Theiss Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Dogan, Guenay] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nochetto, Ricardo H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nochetto, Ricardo H.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dogan, G (reprint author), Theiss Res, San Diego, CA USA. EM gunay.dogan@nist.gov; rhn@math.umd.edu FU NSF [DMS-0204670, DMS-0505454, DMS-0807811] FX Partially supported by NSF Grants DMS-0204670 and DMS-0505454.; Partially supported by NSF Grants DMS- 0204670, DMS- 0505454, and DMS- 0807811. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0764-583X EI 1290-3841 J9 ESAIM-MATH MODEL NUM JI ESAIM-Math. Model. Numer. Anal.-Model. Math. Anal. Numer. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 59 EP 79 DI 10.1051/m2an/2011019 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 796YH UT WOS:000293088900003 ER PT J AU Fisher, G Kunches, J AF Fisher, Genene Kunches, Joseph TI Building resilience of the Global Positioning System to space weather SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fisher, Genene] NOAA Natl Weather Serv Headquarters, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Kunches, Joseph] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Fisher, G (reprint author), NOAA Natl Weather Serv Headquarters, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM genene.fisher@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 31 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S12004 DI 10.1029/2011SW000718 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871TH UT WOS:000298760100001 ER PT J AU Shim, JS Kuznetsova, M Rastatter, L Hesse, M Bilitza, D Butala, M Codrescu, M Emery, B Foster, B Fuller-Rowell, T Huba, J Mannucci, AJ Pi, X Ridley, A Scherliess, L Schunk, RW Stephens, P Thompson, DC Zhu, L Anderson, D Chau, JL Sojka, JJ Rideout, B AF Shim, J. S. Kuznetsova, M. Rastaetter, L. Hesse, M. Bilitza, D. Butala, M. Codrescu, M. Emery, B. Foster, B. Fuller-Rowell, T. Huba, J. Mannucci, A. J. Pi, X. Ridley, A. Scherliess, L. Schunk, R. W. Stephens, P. Thompson, D. C. Zhu, L. Anderson, D. Chau, J. L. Sojka, J. J. Rideout, B. TI CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge for systematic assessment of ionosphere/thermosphere models: NmF2, hmF2, and vertical drift using ground-based observations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; COUPLED ELECTRODYNAMICS; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; PHYSICAL MODELS; ART.; SATELLITE; MIDDLE; RADAR; VELOCITIES AB Objective quantification of model performance based on metrics helps us evaluate the current state of space physics modeling capability, address differences among various modeling approaches, and track model improvements over time. The Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge was initiated in 2009 to assess accuracy of various ionosphere/thermosphere models in reproducing ionosphere and thermosphere parameters. A total of nine events and five physical parameters were selected to compare between model outputs and observations. The nine events included two strong and one moderate geomagnetic storm events from GEM Challenge events and three moderate storms and three quiet periods from the first half of the International Polar Year (IPY) campaign, which lasted for 2 years, from March 2007 to March 2009. The five physical parameters selected were NmF2 and hmF2 from ISRs and LEO satellites such as CHAMP and COSMIC, vertical drifts at Jicamarca, and electron and neutral densities along the track of the CHAMP satellite. For this study, four different metrics and up to 10 models were used. In this paper, we focus on preliminary results of the study using ground-based measurements, which include NmF2 and hmF2 from Incoherent Scatter Radars (ISRs), and vertical drifts at Jicamarca. The results show that the model performance strongly depends on the type of metrics used, and thus no model is ranked top for all used metrics. The analysis further indicates that performance of the model also varies with latitude and geomagnetic activity level. C1 [Shim, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Butala, M.; Mannucci, A. J.; Pi, X.; Stephens, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Codrescu, M.; Fuller-Rowell, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chau, J. L.] Inst Geofis Peru, Radio Observat Jicamarca, Lima, Peru. [Emery, B.; Foster, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Huba, J.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rideout, B.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Ridley, A.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scherliess, L.; Schunk, R. W.; Zhu, L.; Sojka, J. J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thompson, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Anderson, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shim, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 21,251,Mail Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jasoon.shim@nasa.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012; Chau, Jorge/C-7568-2013; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Scherliess, Ludger/A-7499-2016 OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Chau, Jorge/0000-0002-2364-8892; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through Cornell University [0905448]; NSF FX The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from National Science Foundation (NSF) award AGS-0905448 through Cornell University. The Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar is supported by the NSF. This study made use of the CEDAR Data Base at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is supported by the NSF. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 31 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S12003 DI 10.1029/2011SW000727 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871TH UT WOS:000298760100002 ER PT J AU Hopkins, AR Tomczak, SJ Vij, V Jackson, AJ AF Hopkins, Alan R. Tomczak, Sandra J. Vij, Vandana Jackson, Andrew J. TI Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) characterization of electrically conducting polyaniline nanofiber/polyimide nanocomposites SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Polyaniline; Polyimide; Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) ID COUNTERION INDUCED PROCESSIBILITY; POLYMER BLENDS; NANOFIBERS; MORPHOLOGY; COMPOSITE AB Nanocomposites of polyaniline nanofibers and polyimide were fabricated and studied using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The immiscible nature of the conformationally dissimilar polyaniline nanofiber and polyimide host is established by a series of experiments involving neutron scattering. Based on these techniques, we conclude that the crystal structure of the polyimides is not disrupted, and that there is no mixing between the two components on a molecular level. The morphology of the conducting salt component was analyzed by SANS data and was treated by two commonmodels: Debye-Bueche (D-B) and inverse power law (IPL). Due to deviations in the linear curve fitting over a large scattering range, neither the D-B nor the IPL model could be used to characterize the size and shape of all PANI-0.5-CSA (polyaniline camphor sulfonic acid doped polymer)/polyimide blend systems. At 1 and 2% concentration, the D-B model suggested salt domains between 20 and 70 angstrom with fractal geometries implied by the IPL model. As salt concentrations increased to 5%, the structures were observed to change, but there is no simple structural model that provides a suitable basis for comparison. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hopkins, Alan R.] Aerosp Corp, Space Mat Lab, Micro Nano Technol Dept, Polymers Sect, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Tomczak, Sandra J.] AFRL RZSM Mat Applicat Branch, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Vij, Vandana] ERC Inc, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hopkins, AR (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Space Mat Lab, Micro Nano Technol Dept, Polymers Sect, M2-242, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM alan.r.hopkins@aero.org RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336 FU The Aerospace Corporation FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from The Aerospace Corporation's Independent Research and Development Program (IR&D). NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 520 IS 5 BP 1617 EP 1620 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.07.039 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 878DL UT WOS:000299233000047 ER PT J AU Patten, KO Khamaganov, VG Orkin, VL Baughcum, SL Wuebbles, DJ AF Patten, Kenneth O. Khamaganov, Victor G. Orkin, Vladimir L. Baughcum, Steven L. Wuebbles, Donald J. TI OH reaction rate constant, IR absorption spectrum, ozone depletion potentials and global warming potentials of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ACCURACY MEASUREMENTS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; N-PROPYL BROMIDE; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES; RADIATIVE FORCINGS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; CLIMATE; MODEL AB The rate constant for the gas phase reaction of OH radicals with BTP (2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, CH2 = CBrCF3) was measured using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220 K to 370 K. The Arrhenius plot was found to exhibit noticeable curvature. The temperature dependence of the rate constant can be represented as k(BTP)(220 - 370 K) = 4.85 x 10(-13) x (T/298)(0.92) x exp{+613/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). For atmospheric modeling purposes, k(BTP)(T) can be equally well represented by the standard Arrhenius expression k(BTP)(220 - 298 K) = 1.05 x 10(-12) x exp{+381/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The IR absorption cross-sections of BTP were also measured between 450 cm(-1) and 1900 cm(-1). BTP atmospheric lifetime, Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), and Global Warming Potential (GWP) were evaluated in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model for land emissions from 30 to 60 degrees N and from 60 degrees S to 60 degrees N. The global, annual average atmospheric lifetime of BTP in the former scenario was 7.0 days, its ODP was 0.0028, and its GWP (100-yr time horizon) was 0.0050; in the latter scenario, the global, annual average BTP lifetime was 4.3 days, ODP was 0.0052, and 100-yr GWP was 0.0028. The short lifetime, low ODP, and low GWP indicate that BTP should have minimal effects on ozone and climate. Little BTP reaches the stratosphere in either emission scenario, but 27% of the ozone loss in the 30 to 60 degrees N scenario and 46% of the ozone loss in the 60 degrees S to 60 N scenario occurs above the tropopause due to Br-y from BTP. C1 [Patten, Kenneth O.; Wuebbles, Donald J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Baughcum, Steven L.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Khamaganov, Victor G.; Orkin, Vladimir L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patten, KO (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kpatten@atmos.uiuc.edu FU Boeing Company; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NATO CLG [ESP.EAP.CLG.983035] FX This study was supported by the Boeing Company and by the Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. V.L.O. also acknowledges the support of NATO CLG Program, grant ESP.EAP.CLG.983035. We thank D. Kinnison and F. Vitt of the National Center for Atmospheric Research for WACCM 3.5.48. We also thank Michael Danilin for comments and suggestions on an earlier draft, and we thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this article in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recognition or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or by the University of Illinois, nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D24307 DI 10.1029/2011JD016518 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871ON UT WOS:000298747600003 ER PT J AU Turnbull, JC Tans, PP Lehman, SJ Baker, D Conway, TJ Chung, YS Gregg, J Miller, JB Southon, JR Zhou, LX AF Turnbull, Jocelyn C. Tans, Pieter P. Lehman, Scott J. Baker, David Conway, Thomas J. Chung, Y. S. Gregg, Jay Miller, John B. Southon, John R. Zhou, Ling-Xi TI Atmospheric observations of carbon monoxide and fossil fuel CO2 emissions from East Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIOXIDE; CHINA; EXCHANGE; OZONE; PERSPECTIVE; (CO2)-C-14; INVENTORY; SATELLITE; AIRCRAFT; OUTFLOW AB Flask samples from two sites in East Asia, Tae-Ahn Peninsula, Korea (TAP), and Shangdianzi, China (SDZ), were measured for trace gases including CO2, CO and fossil fuel CO2(CO(2)ff, derived from Delta(CO2)-C-14 observations). The five-year TAP record shows high CO(2)ff when local air comes from the Korean Peninsula. Most samples, however, reflect air masses from Northeastern China with lower CO(2)ff. Our small set of SDZ samples from winter 2009/2010 have strongly elevated CO(2)ff. Biospheric CO2 contributes substantially to total CO2 variability at both sites, even in winter when non-fossil CO2 sources (including photosynthesis, respiration, biomass burning and biofuel use) contribute 20-30% of the total CO2 enhancement. Carbon monoxide (CO) correlates strongly with CO(2)ff. The SDZ and TAP far-field (China influenced) samples have CO: CO(2)ff ratios (R-CO:CO2ff) of 47 +/- 2 and 44 +/- 3 ppb/ppm respectively, consistent with recent bottom-up inventory estimates and other observational studies. Locally influenced TAP samples fall into two distinct data sets, ascribed to air sourced from South Korea and North Korea. The South Korea samples have low R-CO:CO2ff of 13 +/- 3 ppb/ppm, slightly higher than bottom-up inventories, but consistent with emission ratios for other developed nations. We compare our CO(2)ff observations with modeled CO(2)ff using the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model convolved with a bottom-up CO(2)ff emission inventories. The modeled annual mean CO(2)ff mole fractions are consistent with our observations when the model inventory includes the reported 63% increase in Chinese emissions from 2004 to 2010, whereas a model version which holds Chinese emissions flat is unable to replicate the observations. C1 [Turnbull, Jocelyn C.; Tans, Pieter P.; Conway, Thomas J.; Miller, John B.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baker, David] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chung, Y. S.] Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, Cheongwon 363891, Choongbook, South Korea. [Gregg, Jay] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Climate Ctr, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Lehman, Scott J.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Southon, John R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Zhou, Ling-Xi] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Turnbull, Jocelyn C.; Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Turnbull, JC (reprint author), GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM j.turnbull@gns.cri.nz RI Gregg, Jay/C-6732-2011; OI Gregg, Jay/0000-0003-3946-3099; Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658 NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D24306 DI 10.1029/2011JD016691 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871ON UT WOS:000298747600005 ER PT J AU Chevallier, F Deutscher, NM Conway, TJ Ciais, P Ciattaglia, L Dohe, S Frohlich, M Gomez-Pelaez, AJ Griffith, D Hase, F Haszpra, L Krummel, P Kyro, E Labuschagne, C Langenfelds, R Machida, T Maignan, F Matsueda, H Morino, I Notholt, J Ramonet, M Sawa, Y Schmidt, M Sherlock, V Steele, P Strong, K Sussmann, R Wennberg, P Wofsy, S Worthy, D Wunch, D Zimnoch, M AF Chevallier, F. Deutscher, N. M. Conway, T. J. Ciais, P. Ciattaglia, L. Dohe, S. Froehlich, M. Gomez-Pelaez, A. J. Griffith, D. Hase, F. Haszpra, L. Krummel, P. Kyro, E. Labuschagne, C. Langenfelds, R. Machida, T. Maignan, F. Matsueda, H. Morino, I. Notholt, J. Ramonet, M. Sawa, Y. Schmidt, M. Sherlock, V. Steele, P. Strong, K. Sussmann, R. Wennberg, P. Wofsy, S. Worthy, D. Wunch, D. Zimnoch, M. TI Global CO2 fluxes inferred from surface air-sample measurements and from TCCON retrievals of the CO2 total column SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINKS; NETWORK; MODEL AB We present the first estimate of the global distribution of CO2 surface fluxes from 14 stations of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The evaluation of this inversion is based on 1) comparison with the fluxes from a classical inversion of surface air-sample-measurements, and 2) comparison of CO2 mixing ratios calculated from the inverted fluxes with independent aircraft measurements made during the two years analyzed here, 2009 and 2010. The former test shows similar seasonal cycles in the northern hemisphere and consistent regional carbon budgets between inversions from the two datasets, even though the TCCON inversion appears to be less precise than the classical inversion. The latter test confirms that the TCCON inversion has improved the quality (i.e., reduced the uncertainty) of the surface fluxes compared to the assumed or prior fluxes. The consistency between the surface-air-sample-based and the TCCON-based inversions despite remaining flaws in transport models opens the possibility of increased accuracy and robustness of flux inversions based on the combination of both data sources and confirms the usefulness of space-borne monitoring of the CO2 column. Citation: Chevallier, F., et al. (2011), Global CO2 fluxes inferred from surface air-sample measurements and from TCCON retrievals of the CO2 total column, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24810, doi:10.1029/2011GL049899. C1 [Chevallier, F.; Ciais, P.; Maignan, F.; Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Deutscher, N. M.; Notholt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Griffith, D.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Conway, T. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ciattaglia, L.] CNR IDAC, ICES, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Dohe, S.; Hase, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Froehlich, M.] Umweltbundesamt GmbH, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Gomez-Pelaez, A. J.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain, E-38071 Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain. [Haszpra, L.] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1181 Budapest, Hungary. [Krummel, P.; Langenfelds, R.; Steele, P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, CAWCR, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Kyro, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, FI-99600 Helsinki, Finland. [Labuschagne, C.] S African Weather Serv, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Machida, T.; Morino, I.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Matsueda, H.; Sawa, Y.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Sherlock, V.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Sussmann, R.] IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Wennberg, P.; Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wofsy, S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Worthy, D.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Zimnoch, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Chevallier, F (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Bat 701, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM frederic.chevallier@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Zimnoch, Miroslaw/H-8347-2016; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Maignan, Fabienne/F-5419-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015; Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/L-9268-2015 OI Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577; Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/0000-0003-4881-2975 FU European Commission under the EU [218793, MACC, 212196, COCOS] FX TCCON data were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology from the website at http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/. This work was performed using HPC resources of DSM-CCRT and of [CCRT/CINES/IDRIS] under the allocation 2011-t2011012201 made by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). It was co-funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (grants agreements 218793, MACC, and 212196, COCOS). Support for TCCON is provided by many national research support organizations that are listed on the TCCON web site. The authors are very grateful to the many people involved in the surface and aircraft measurement and in the archiving of these data. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L24810 DI 10.1029/2011GL049899 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 871TD UT WOS:000298759700002 ER PT J AU Kuns, KA Rey, AM Gorshkov, AV AF Kuns, Kevin A. Rey, Ana Maria Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI d-wave superfluidity in optical lattices of ultracold polar molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID T-J MODEL; MOTT INSULATOR; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ATOMS; SUPERSOLIDS; PHYSICS AB Recent work on ultracold polar molecules, governed by a generalization of the t-J Hamiltonian, suggests that molecules may be better suited than atoms for studying d-wave superfluidity due to stronger interactions and larger tunability of the system. We compute the phase diagram for polar molecules in a checkerboard lattice consisting of weakly coupled square plaquettes. In the simplest experimentally realizable case where there is only tunneling and an XX-type spin-spin interaction, we identify the parameter regime where d-wave superfluidity occurs. We also find that the inclusion of a density-density interaction destroys the superfluid phase and that the inclusion of a spin-density or an Ising-type spin-spin interaction can enhance the superfluid phase. We also propose schemes for experimentally realizing the perturbative calculations exhibiting enhanced d-wave superfluidity. C1 [Kuns, Kevin A.; Gorshkov, Alexey V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kuns, KA (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU Rose Hills Foundation; Lee A. DuBridge Foundation; NSF (PFC) [PHY-0803371, PIF-0904017]; ARO; DARPA OLE FX We thank Maciej Lewenstein for suggesting the use of extra splittings between rotor levels to access the perturbative regime described in Sec. VB. We also thank John Preskill, Rajdeep Sensarma, Salvatore Manmana, Kaden Hazzard, Mikhail Lukin, Eugene Demler, Netanel Lindner, Norbert Schuch, Steven Flammia, Spyridon Michalakis, Gang Chen, Michael Foss-Feig, and Xiao Yin for discussions. This work was supported by the Rose Hills Foundation, the Lee A. DuBridge Foundation, the NSF (PFC and Grants No. PHY-0803371 and PIF-0904017), and ARO with funding from the DARPA OLE program. NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 29 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 063639 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.063639 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 869NJ UT WOS:000298604600011 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Dube, WP Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Atlas, E Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Hekkert, ST Brock, CA Flocke, F Trainer, M Parrish, DD Feshenfeld, FC Ravishankara, AR AF Brown, Steven S. Dube, William P. Peischl, Jeff Ryerson, Thomas B. Atlas, Elliot Warneke, Carsten de Gouw, Joost A. Hekkert, Sacco te Lintel Brock, Charles A. Flocke, Frank Trainer, Michael Parrish, David D. Feshenfeld, Frederick C. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Budgets for nocturnal VOC oxidation by nitrate radicals aloft during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEROXY-RADICALS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; VERTICAL PROFILES; OZONE FORMATION; UNITED-STATES; NO3; N2O5 AB Industrial emissions in Houston, Texas, and along the U. S. Gulf Coast are a large source of highly reactive anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), principally alkenes, that affect air quality in that region. Nighttime oxidation by either O-3 or NO3 removes these VOCs. This paper presents a regional analysis of nighttime P-3 flights during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) to quantify the loss rates and budgets for both NO3 and highly reactive VOC. Mixing ratios and production rates of NO3 were large, up to 400 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) and 1-2 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) per hour, respectively. Budgets for NO3 show that it was lost primarily to reaction with VOCs, with the sum of anthropogenic VOCs (30-54%) and isoprene (10-50%) being the largest contributors. Indirect loss of NO3 to N2O5 hydrolysis was of lesser importance (14-28%) but was the least certain due to uncertainty in the aerosol uptake coefficient for N2O5. Reaction of NO3 with peroxy radicals was a small but nonzero contribution to NO3 loss but was also uncertain because there were no direct measurements of peroxy radicals. Net VOC oxidation rates were rapid (up to 2 ppbv VOC h(-1) in industrial plumes) and were dominated by NO3, which was 3-5 times more important as an oxidant than O-3. Plumes of high NO3 reactivity (i.e., short steady state lifetimes, on the order of 1 min) identified the presence of concentrated emissions of highly reactive VOCs from the Houston Ship Channel (HSC), which, depending on the particular VOC, may be efficiently oxidized during overnight transport. C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.; Peischl, Jeff; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Brock, Charles A.; Trainer, Michael; Parrish, David D.; Feshenfeld, Frederick C.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Atlas, Elliot] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dube, William P.; Peischl, Jeff; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Feshenfeld, Frederick C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Flocke, Frank] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hekkert, Sacco te Lintel] Sensor Sense, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Dube, William/I-1658-2013 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087 FU NOAA; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality; NOAA P-3 aircraft FX This work was funded in part by NOAA's Air Quality and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate programs and in part by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The authors thank the scientists and crew of the NOAA P-3 aircraft for their professionalism and support. E. A. thanks R. Lueb, R. Washenfelder, S. Schauffler, and S. Donnelly for assistance with sample collection and X. Zhu, L. Pope, and A. Manalich for laboratory analyses of trace gases from the whole air samples. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 57 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D24305 DI 10.1029/2011JD016544 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871OH UT WOS:000298747000002 ER PT J AU Le, G Burke, WJ Pfaff, RF Freudenreich, H Maus, S Luhr, H AF Le, Guan Burke, William J. Pfaff, Robert F. Freudenreich, Henry Maus, Stefan Luehr, Hermann TI C/NOFS measurements of magnetic perturbations in the low-latitude ionosphere during magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME MAGNETOSPHERIC CURRENTS; RING CURRENT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; TAIL CURRENT; FIELD; DST; EARTH; DISTURBANCE AB The Vector Electric Field Investigation suite on the C/NOFS satellite includes a fluxgate magnetometer to monitor the Earth's magnetic fields in the low-latitude ionosphere. Measurements yield full magnetic vectors every second over the range of +/- 45,000 nT with a one-bit resolution of 1.37 nT ( 16 bit A/D) in each component. The sensor's primary responsibility is to support calculations of both V x B and E x B with greater accuracy than can be obtained using standard magnetic field models. The data also contain information about large-scale current systems that, when analyzed in conjunction with electric field measurements, promise to significantly expand understanding of equatorial electrodynamics. We first compare in situ measurements with the POMME (Potsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth) model to establish in-flight sensor "calibrations" and to compute magnetic residuals. At low latitudes the residuals are predominately products of the storm time ring current. Since C/NOFS provides a complete coverage of all local times every 97 min, magnetic field data allow studies of the temporal evolution and local time variations of storm time ring current. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of using instrumented spacecraft in low-inclination orbits to extract a timely proxy for the provisional Dst index and to specify the ring current's evolution. C1 [Le, Guan; Pfaff, Robert F.; Freudenreich, Henry] NASA, Space Weather Lab, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Burke, William J.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Burke, William J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Luehr, Hermann] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Le, G (reprint author), NASA, Space Weather Lab, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM guan.le@nasa.gov RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We thank Kenneth Bromund, Steve Martin, and Carmen Liebrecht for assistance in processing the C/NOFS magnetometer data. We thank the World Data Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism at Kyoto University for providing Dst indices. The OMNI data are obtained from the OMNIWeb at National Space Science Data Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. GSFC authors received support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) to carry out this research. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A12230 DI 10.1029/2011JA017026 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 871TT UT WOS:000298761300006 ER PT J AU Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Zolot, AM Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Baumann, E. Giorgetta, F. R. Swann, W. C. Zolot, A. M. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. TI Spectroscopy of the methane nu(3) band with an accurate midinfrared coherent dual-comb spectrometer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; MU-M; MULTISPECTRUM FITS; OPTICAL FREQUENCY; NOBEL LECTURE; Q-BRANCH; LINE; TRANSITIONS; REGION; LASERS AB We demonstrate a high-accuracy dual-comb spectrometer centered at 3.4 mu m. The amplitude and phase spectra of the P, Q, and partial R branches of the methane nu(3) band are measured at 25 to 100 MHz point spacing with resolution under 10 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 3500. A fit of the absorbance and phase spectra yields the center frequency of 132 rovibrational lines. The systematic uncertainty is estimated to be 300 kHz, which is 10 (3) of the Doppler width and a 10-fold improvement over Fourier transform spectroscopy. These data quantify the accuracy and resolution achievable with direct comb spectroscopy in the midinfrared. C1 [Baumann, E.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Swann, W. C.; Zolot, A. M.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baumann, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBNEP2-127797] FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). F.R.G. received support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under Grant No. PBNEP2-127797. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with F. Adler, L. Brown, and L. Nugent-Glandorf. NR 45 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 28 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 062513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.062513 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 868ZE UT WOS:000298564400006 ER PT J AU Weides, MP Kline, JS Vissers, MR Sandberg, MO Wisbey, DS Johnson, BR Ohki, TA Pappas, DP AF Weides, Martin P. Kline, Jeffrey S. Vissers, Michael R. Sandberg, Martin O. Wisbey, David S. Johnson, Blake R. Ohki, Thomas A. Pappas, David P. TI Coherence in a transmon qubit with epitaxial tunnel junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE QUBITS; CIRCUIT AB We developed transmon qubits based on epitaxial tunnel junctions and interdigitated capacitors. This multileveled qubit, patterned by use of all-optical lithography, is a step towards scalable qubits with a high integration density. The relaxation time T(1) is 0.72-0.86 mu s and the ensemble dephasing time T(2)* is slightly larger than T(1). The dephasing time T(2) (1.36 mu s) is nearly energy-relaxation-limited. Qubit spectroscopy yields weaker level splitting than observed in qubits with amorphous barriers in equivalent-size junctions. The qubit's inferred microwave loss closely matches the weighted losses of the individual elements (junction, wiring dielectric, and interdigitated capacitor), determined by independent resonator measurements. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3672000] C1 [Weides, Martin P.; Kline, Jeffrey S.; Vissers, Michael R.; Sandberg, Martin O.; Wisbey, David S.; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Johnson, Blake R.; Ohki, Thomas A.] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weides, MP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.weides@NIST.gov; david.pappas@NIST.gov RI Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009 OI Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795 FU US government, Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI); NIST Quantum Information initiative FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of F. Farhoodi and valuable discussions with F. da Silva and R. Simmonds. This work was funded by the US government, Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), and NIST Quantum Information initiative. All statements of fact, opinion, or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official views or policies of ODNI or IARPA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 26 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 26 AR 262502 DI 10.1063/1.3672000 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 869ZI UT WOS:000298638500038 ER PT J AU Neely, RR English, JM Toon, OB Solomon, S Mills, M Thayer, JP AF Neely, Ryan R., III English, Jason M. Toon, Owen B. Solomon, Susan Mills, Michael Thayer, Jeffery P. TI Implications of extinction due to meteoritic smoke in the upper stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL RADAR; AEROSOL; DUST; KILOMETERS; ALGORITHM; CONSTANTS; ANALOGS; LAYERS AB Recent optical observations of aerosols in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere show significant amounts of extinction at altitudes above about 40 km where the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer ends. Recent modeling of this region reveals that meteoritic smoke settling from the mesosphere and its interaction with the upper part of the sulfate aerosol layer is the origin of the observed extinction. Extinction in this region has major implications for the interpretation and analysis of several kinds of aerosol data (satellite and lidar). We compare observations from the SAGE II satellite and from NOAA's lidar located at Mauna Loa, Hawaii to extinction profiles derived from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) coupled with the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA). Our results show that a major source of extinction exists in the region above about 30 km that must be addressed by all remote sensing instruments that have traditionally used the stratosphere above about 30 km as an aerosol free region to estimate the molecular component of their total extinction. It is also shown that meteoritic smoke not only contributes to but also becomes the dominant source of aerosol extinction above 35 km and poleward of 30 degrees in latitude, as well as above 40 km in the tropics. After addressing the concerns described here, current and past observations of this region could be reanalyzed to further our understanding of meteoritic dust in the upper stratosphere. Citation: Neely, R. R., III, J. M. English, O. B. Toon, S. Solomon, M. Mills, and J. P. Thayer (2011), Implications of extinction due to meteoritic smoke in the upper stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24808, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049865. C1 [Neely, Ryan R., III; English, Jason M.; Toon, Owen B.; Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mills, Michael] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Thayer, Jeffery P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [English, Jason M.; Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neely, Ryan R., III] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neely, Ryan R., III] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Neely, RR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ryan.r.neely@noaa.gov RI Neely, Ryan/F-8702-2010; Mills, Michael/B-5068-2010; English, Jason/E-9365-2015; THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812; Mills, Michael/0000-0002-8054-1346; English, Jason/0000-0001-9700-6860; THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251; FU NSF [ATM-0856007, ATM-0454999, AGS-0942106]; NASA [NNX09AK71G]; National Science Foundation; ESRL-CIRES; NASA GSRP [NNX-09AM38H] FX The modeling and lidar observation analysis were conducted by Ryan Neely with the support of the ESRL-CIRES Graduate Research Fellowship. The authors thank John E. Barnes, principal investigator of the NOAA Global Monitoring Division's Mauna Loa lidar for all the hard work involved with the data collection and retrieval over the past 20 years. The authors also thank Charles Bardeen for his work creating the CARMA framework to simulate meteoritic smoke. We thank V. Lynn Harvey for help with the SAGE II extinction data. This work was supported by NSF Awards ATM-0856007, ATM-0454999 and AGS-0942106, NASA Award NNX09AK71G, and NASA GSRP Fellowship NNX-09AM38H. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L24808 DI 10.1029/2011GL049865 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 868BV UT WOS:000298499400004 ER PT J AU Danielson, S Curchitser, E Hedstrom, K Weingartner, T Stabeno, P AF Danielson, Seth Curchitser, Enrique Hedstrom, Kate Weingartner, Thomas Stabeno, Phyllis TI On ocean and sea ice modes of variability in the Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION MODEL; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TIDAL CURRENTS; REGIME SHIFTS AB Results from a 35 year hindcast of northeast Pacific Ocean conditions are confronted with observational data collected over the Bering Sea shelf within the integration time period. Rotary power spectra of the hindcast currents near NOAA mooring site M2 site fall within the 95% confidence bounds for the observational spectra, except for a high bias in the counter-clockwise rotating component at 10 m depth in the high frequencies (periods <24 h). The model exhibits the most skill in reproducing anomalies of the integrated annual sea ice concentration and monthly subsurface (60 m depth) temperature fields, accounting for 85% and 50% of their observed variability. Analysis of the integrated ice concentration time series reveals evolution in the mean duration of ice-free waters (40 year trend of +6.8 days/decade) and changes in this parameter's variance with time. Correlation and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses reveal the primary temporal-spatial patterns of variability in the temperature and salinity fields over the Bering Sea and northern Gulf of Alaska for near-surface (0-20 m) and subsurface (40-100 m) depth layers. Correlation analysis between the EOF principal components and various climate index and observed time series shows that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and the Bering Sea annually integrated ice area anomalies are important indices of thermohaline variability; the spatial structures of these modes give insight to their potential impacts upon the ecosystem. We identify a number of ecologically and economically important species whose temporal variability is significantly correlated with the identified spatial patterns. C1 [Danielson, Seth; Weingartner, Thomas] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Curchitser, Enrique] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hedstrom, Kate] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Danielson, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Rm 114,ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM seth@ims.uaf.edu FU NOAA EcoFOCI; Department of Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M07PC13368]; National Science Foundation [ARC-0732771, ARC-0732431, ARC-0957985] FX The authors thank the numerous researchers whose data have made the model/data evaluations presented herein possible. In particular, Lisa Eisner and the BASIS program have kindly provided CTD survey data. Peggy Sullivan tracked down many historical mooring positions. Zygmunt Kowalik graciously provided his compilation of historical amplitude and current tidal harmonic parameters and helped implement and evaluate the tidal forcing. We thank Franz Mueter for the use of his ecosystem indicator time series, helpful discussions, and statistical guidance. We thank Paul Budgell and one anonymous reviewer for thoughtful, constructive reviews that strengthened the manuscript. Mooring M2 data are provided by and supported through the NOAA EcoFOCI program. The Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at UAF, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the Texas Advanced Computing Center provided computational resources. This is publication 3769 from Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, North Pacific Research Board publication 312, and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication 28. This work was supported by the Department of Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, award M07PC13368, and the National Science Foundation, awards ARC-0732771, ARC-0732431, and ARC-0957985. NR 135 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 23 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C12034 DI 10.1029/2011JC007389 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 868SN UT WOS:000298545800002 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. TI Voyagers of Discovery SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TERMINATION SHOCK C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jilau1.colorado.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 23 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6063 BP 1647 EP 1648 DI 10.1126/science.1200166 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865XK UT WOS:000298344000048 PM 22144467 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH Jiang, LD AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua Jiang, Lide TI Spring-neap tidal effects on satellite ocean color observations in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; YANGTZE ESTUARY; MODIS; TURBIDITY; PRODUCTS; ACCUMULATION AB Eight-year ocean color observations between 2002 and 2009 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite are used to quantitatively assess the spring-neap tidal effects on variability of ocean optical and biogeochemical properties in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. We demonstrate that spring-neap tidal variation is one of important ocean processes that drive both the synoptic-scale and mesoscale changes of the ocean optical, biological, and biogeochemical properties in the coastal region. Normalized water-leaving radiance spectra (nL(w)(lambda)), water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K-d(490)), and total suspended matter (TSM) concentration show significant spring-neap variations in the coastal region within a lunar cycle of 29.53 days. In the open ocean, however, spring-neap tidal effects on ocean color data are negligible. The entire areal coverage of the turbid waters (K-d(490) > 0.3 m(-1)) showing significant spring-neap tidal variations is similar to 4-5 x 10(5) km(2). Similar coverage of moderately turbid waters (0.1 < K-d(490) <= 0.3 m(-1)) is also impacted by the spring-neap tides. The magnitude of the spring-neap tidal effects on the variations of the satellite ocean color properties, e. g., K-d(490) and TSM, is in the same order as the seasonal variations in the coastal region. Highest K-d(490) and largest turbid water coverage lag the new moon (or full moon) about 2-3 days, while the lowest K-d(490) and smallest turbid water coverage are also similar to 2-3 days behind the one-quarter (or three-quarter) moon. This is attributed to the seawater inertia and the friction against the seabed as well as the sediment resuspension process. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua; Jiang, Lide] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei; Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants. We thank B. G. Bowers, B. Jones, and another anonymous reviewer for their critical and constructive comments. MODIS L1B data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C12932 DI 10.1029/2011JC007234 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 868SL UT WOS:000298545500001 ER PT J AU Wang, H Fuller-Rowell, TJ Akmaev, RA Hu, M Kleist, DT Iredell, MD AF Wang, H. Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Akmaev, R. A. Hu, M. Kleist, D. T. Iredell, M. D. TI First simulations with a whole atmosphere data assimilation and forecast system: The January 2009 major sudden stratospheric warming SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; COVARIANCES; MODEL AB A Whole atmosphere Data Assimilation System (WDAS) is used to simulate the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). WDAS consists of the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) and the 3-dimensional variational (3DVar) analysis system GSI (Grid point Statistical Interpolation), modified to be compatible with the WAM model. An incremental analysis update (IAU) scheme was implemented in the data assimilation cycle to overcome the problem of excessive damping by digital filter in WAM of the important tidal waves in the upper atmosphere. IAU updates analysis incrementally into the model, thus avoids the initialization procedure (i.e., digital filter) during the WAM forecast stage. The WDAS simulation of the January 2009 SSW shows a significant increase in TW3 (terdiurnal, westward propagating, zonal wave number 3) and a decrease in SW2 (semidiurnal, westward propagating, zonal wave number 2) wave amplitudes in the E region during the warming, which can be attributed likely to the nonlinear wave-wave interactions between SW2, TW3 and DW1 (diurnal, westward propagating, zonal wave number 1). There is a delayed increase in SW2 in the E region after the warming, indicating a modulation by the changing large-scale planetary waves in the loweratmosphere during the SSW. These tidal wave responses during SSW appeared to be global in scale. An extended WAM forecast initialized from WDAS analysis shows remarkably consistent tidal wave responses to SSW, indicating a potential forecasting capability of several days in advance of the effects of the large-scale tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics on the thermospheric and ionospheric variability. C1 [Wang, H.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Hu, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, H.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Akmaev, R. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kleist, D. T.; Iredell, M. D.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM houjun.wang@noaa.gov FU NASA; AFOSR MURI NADIR; NASA LWS Strategic Capabilities FX We thank R. Treaton for answering various GSI-related questions. Funding for this work was provided by NASA Heliophysics Theory Program, AFOSR MURI NADIR, and NASA LWS Strategic Capabilities. Computational resources were provided by NOAA NCEP R&D high performance computing system. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A12321 DI 10.1029/2011JA017081 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 868SV UT WOS:000298546600003 ER PT J AU Becerra, FE Fan, J Baumgartner, G Polyakov, SV Goldhar, J Kosloski, JT Migdall, A AF Becerra, F. E. Fan, J. Baumgartner, G. Polyakov, S. V. Goldhar, J. Kosloski, J. T. Migdall, A. TI M-ary-state phase-shift-keying discrimination below the homodyne limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; SIGNALS AB We investigate a strategy for M-ary discrimination of nonorthogonal phase states with error rates below the homodyne limit. This strategy uses feed forward to update a reference field and signal nulling for the state discrimination. We experimentally analyze the receiver performance using postprocessing and a Bayesian strategy to emulate the feed-forward process. This analysis shows that for a moderate system detection efficiency, it is possible to surpass the homodyne error limit for quadrature phase-shift keying signals using feed forward. C1 [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fan, J.] Lab Telecommun Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goldhar, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kosloski, J. T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Becerra, FE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fbecerra@umd.edu NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 062324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.062324 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 866OF UT WOS:000298389800006 ER PT J AU Song, QH Ge, L Wiersig, J Shim, JB Unterhinninghofen, J Eberspacher, A Fang, W Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Song, Q. H. Ge, Li Wiersig, J. Shim, J. -B. Unterhinninghofen, J. Eberspaecher, A. Fang, W. Solomon, G. S. Cao, Hui TI Wavelength-scale deformed microdisk lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL EMISSION; OPTICAL MICROCAVITIES; WAVE-GUIDES; RESONATORS; OUTPUT; MICROLASERS; RESONANCES; CAVITIES AB We investigate lasing and output directionality of limacon-shaped microdisk lasers of dimensions comparable to the emission wavelength. The far-field patterns are shown to differ between lasing modes, unlike in large cavities where lasing modes exhibit universal emission directionality determined by chaotic ray dynamics. Unidirectional emission is obtained for certain modes in the wavelength-scale cavities. It results from weak coupling of nearly isotropic high-quality resonances to anisotropic low-quality resonances, combined with chiral symmetry breaking of clockwise and counterclockwise propagating waves. The latter is described by an extended ray dynamics which includes the Goos-Hanchen shift and the Fresnel filtering. Mode hybridization and wave effects in open cavities make it possible to control the output properties of individual lasing modes in wavelength-scale lasers. C1 [Song, Q. H.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ge, Li] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wiersig, J.; Shim, J. -B.; Unterhinninghofen, J.; Eberspaecher, A.] Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. [Fang, W.; Solomon, G. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fang, W.; Solomon, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, QH (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Natl Key Lab Tunable Laser Technol, Inst Optoelect, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. RI Ge, Li/A-5171-2012; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Fang, Wei/B-3794-2010; Wiersig, Jan/F-1410-2013; Song, Qinghai/C-2197-2014 OI Fang, Wei/0000-0002-6511-3570; FU NIST [70NANB6H6162]; NSF [DMR-0808937, DMR-0908437]; DFG FX This work is supported partly by NIST under Grant No. 70NANB6H6162, by NSF under Grants No. DMR-0808937 and No. DMR-0908437, and by DFG research group 760. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 063843 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.063843 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 866OF UT WOS:000298389800013 ER PT J AU Zhang, YB Glaney, S Knill, E AF Zhang, Yanbao Glaney, Scott Knill, Emanuel TI Asymptotically optimal data analysis for rejecting local realism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; BELL INEQUALITIES AB Reliable experimental demonstration of violations of local realism are highly desirable for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. One can quantify the violation witnessed by an experiment in terms of a statistical p value, which can be defined as the maximum probability according to local realism of a violation at least as high as that witnessed. Thus, high violation corresponds to small p value. We propose a prediction-based-ratio (PBR) analysis protocol whose p values are valid even if the prepared quantum state varies arbitrarily and local realistic models can depend on previous measurement settings and outcomes. It is therefore not subject to the memory loophole [J. Barrett et al., Phys. Rev. A 66, 042111 (2002)]. If the prepared state does not vary in time, the p values are asymptotically optimal. For comparison, we consider protocols derived from the number of standard deviations of violation of a Bell inequality and from martingale theory [R. Gill, e-print arxiv quant-ph/0110137]. We find that the p values of the former can be too small and are therefore not statistically valid, while those derived from the latter are suboptimal. PBR p values do not require a predetermined Bell inequality and can be used to compare results from different tests of local realism independent of experimental details. C1 [Zhang, Yanbao] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Yanbao; Glaney, Scott; Knill, Emanuel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, YB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 062118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.062118 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 866OF UT WOS:000298389800001 ER PT J AU Queen, WL Brown, CM Britt, DK Zajdel, P Hudson, MR Yaghi, OM AF Queen, Wendy L. Brown, Craig M. Britt, David K. Zajdel, Pawel Hudson, Matthew R. Yaghi, Omar M. TI Site-Specific CO2 Adsorption and Zero Thermal Expansion in an An isotropic Pore Network SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HYDROGEN STORAGE; HIGH-CAPACITY; COORDINATION SITES; GAS-ADSORPTION; DIFFRACTION; SEPARATION; TEMPERATURE AB Detailed neutron powder diffraction (NPD) experiments were carried out on the parent and CO2 adsorbed Mg-MOF-74 (MOF: metal-organic framework). Data collected at low temperature revealed two CO2 adsorption sites on the pore surface and multiple changes in the framework as a function of CO2 loading. Upon heating the samples to room temperature, the data revealed minimal changes in expansivity upon adsorption of up to 0.94 CO2/Mg (approximate to 25% mass fraction). Further, temperature-dependent data collected on the bare framework reveals net zero thermal expansion between 10 and 475 K. C1 [Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.; Hudson, Matthew R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Hudson, Matthew R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Britt, David K.; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zajdel, Pawel] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, Div Phys Crystals, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Brown, CM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov; yaghi@chem.ucla.edu RI Britt, David/D-4675-2009; Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325 FU NIST NRC FX W.Q. gratefully acknowledges the NIST NRC postdoctoral research associateship program. NR 34 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 50 BP 24915 EP 24919 DI 10.1021/jp208529p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 860KR UT WOS:000297947700059 ER PT J AU Campbell, GK AF Campbell, Gretchen K. TI ATOMIC PHYSICS When ultracold is not cold enough SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GASES C1 [Campbell, Gretchen K.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Campbell, Gretchen K.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campbell, GK (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gretchen.campbell@nist.gov RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 480 IS 7378 BP 463 EP 465 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865NQ UT WOS:000298318000048 PM 22193096 ER PT J AU Plant, AL Elliott, JT Bhat, TN AF Plant, Anne L. Elliott, John T. Bhat, Talapady N. TI New concepts for building vocabulary for cell image ontologies SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SEMANTIC-WEB; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; CHEM-BLAST; INFORMATION; MICROSCOPY; MANAGEMENT; DATABASE; TOOLS AB Background: There are significant challenges associated with the building of ontologies for cell biology experiments including the large numbers of terms and their synonyms. These challenges make it difficult to simultaneously query data from multiple experiments or ontologies. If vocabulary terms were consistently used and reused across and within ontologies, queries would be possible through shared terms. One approach to achieving this is to strictly control the terms used in ontologies in the form of a pre-defined schema, but this approach limits the individual researcher's ability to create new terms when needed to describe new experiments. Results: Here, we propose the use of a limited number of highly reusable common root terms, and rules for an experimentalist to locally expand terms by adding more specific terms under more general root terms to form specific new vocabulary hierarchies that can be used to build ontologies. We illustrate the application of the method to build vocabularies and a prototype database for cell images that uses a visual data-tree of terms to facilitate sophisticated queries based on a experimental parameters. We demonstrate how the terminology might be extended by adding new vocabulary terms into the hierarchy of terms in an evolving process. In this approach, image data and metadata are handled separately, so we also describe a robust file-naming scheme to unambiguously identify image and other files associated with each metadata value. The prototype database http://sbd.nist.gov/ consists of more than 2000 images of cells and benchmark materials, and 163 metadata terms that describe experimental details, including many details about cell culture and handling. Image files of interest can be retrieved, and their data can be compared, by choosing one or more relevant metadata values as search terms. Metadata values for any dataset can be compared with corresponding values of another dataset through logical operations. Conclusions: Organizing metadata for cell imaging experiments under a framework of rules that include highly reused root terms will facilitate the addition of new terms into a vocabulary hierarchy and encourage the reuse of terms. These vocabulary hierarchies can be converted into XML schema or RDF graphs for displaying and querying, but this is not necessary for using it to annotate cell images. Vocabulary data trees from multiple experiments or laboratories can be aligned at the root terms to facilitate query development. This approach of developing vocabularies is compatible with the major advances in database technology and could be used for building the Semantic Web. C1 [Plant, Anne L.; Elliott, John T.; Bhat, Talapady N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Plant, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Anne.plant@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was funded entirely by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD DEC 21 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 487 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-12-487 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 901SV UT WOS:000300988000001 PM 22188658 ER PT J AU Krueger, S Shin, JH Raghunandan, S Curtis, JE Kelman, Z AF Krueger, S. Shin, J. -H. Raghunandan, S. Curtis, J. E. Kelman, Z. TI Atomistic Ensemble Modeling and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Complexes: Applied to Minichromosome Maintenance Protein SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID METHANOTHERMOBACTER-THERMAUTOTROPHICUS MCM; X-RAY-SCATTERING; DNA-BINDING; HELICASE; INSIGHTS; THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM; DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL; MUTANT AB The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are thought to function as the replicative helicases in archaea and eukarya. In this work we determined the solution structure of the N-terminal portion of the MCM complex from the archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (N-mtMCM) in the presence and absence of DNA using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). N-mtMCM is a multimeric protein complex that consists of 12 monomers, each of which contains three distinct domains and two unstructured regions. Using an all-atom approach incorporating modern force field and Monte Carlo methods to allow the unstructured regions of each monomer to be varied independently, we generated an ensemble of biologically relevant structures for the complex. An examination of the subsets of structures that were most consistent with the SANS data revealed that large movements between the three domains of N-mtMCM can occur in solution. Furthermore, changes in the SANS curves upon DNA binding could be correlated to the motion of a particular N-mtMCM domain. These results provide structural support to the previously reported biochemical observations that large domain motions are required for the activation of the MCM helicase in archaea and eukarya. The methods developed here for N-mtMCM solution structure modeling should be suitable for other large protein complexes with unstructured flexible regions. C1 [Krueger, S.; Raghunandan, S.; Curtis, J. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kelman, Z.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shin, J. -H.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Appl Biol & Chem, Taegu, South Korea. [Kelman, Z.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Krueger, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.krueger@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646, DMR-0944772] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0815646 to Z.K.) and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC 21 PY 2011 VL 101 IS 12 BP 2999 EP 3007 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.006 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 867HM UT WOS:000298445500016 PM 22208199 ER PT J AU Azarderakhsh, M Rossow, WB Papa, F Norouzi, H Khanbilvardi, R AF Azarderakhsh, Marzieh Rossow, William B. Papa, Fabrice Norouzi, Hamidreza Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Diagnosing water variations within the Amazon basin using satellite data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TIME-VARIABLE GRAVITY; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; RIVER DISCHARGE; FRESH-WATER; PRECIPITATION; GRACE; STORAGE; BALANCE; SCALES; RESOLUTION AB The components of the Amazon water budget and their spatiotemporal variability are diagnosed using monthly averaged remote sensing-based data products for the period September 2002-December 2006. The large Amazon basin is divided into 14 smaller watersheds, and for each of these sub-basins, fresh water discharge is estimated from the water balance equation using satellite data products. The purpose of this study is to learn how to apply satellite data with global coverage over the large tropical regions; therefore several combinations of remote sensing estimates including total water storage changes, precipitation and evapotranspiration. The results are compared to gauge-based measurements and the best spatiotemporal agreement between estimated and observed runoff is within 1 mm/d for the combination of precipitation from the GPCP and the Montana evapotranspiration product. Mean annual precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff for the whole basin are estimated to be 6.3, 2.27 and 3.02 mm/d respectively but also show large spatial and temporal variations at sub-basin scale. Using the most consistent data combination, the seasonal dynamics of the water budget within the Amazon system are examined. Agreement between satellite based and in situ runoff is improved when lag-times between sub-basins are included (RMSE from 0.98 to 0.61 mm/d). We estimate these lag times based on satellite-inferred inundation extents. The results reveal not only variations of the basin forcing but also the complex response of the inter-connected sub-basin (SB) water budgets. Inter-annual and inter-SB variation of the water components are investigated and show large anomalies in northwestern and eastern downstream SBs; aggregate behavior of the whole Amazon is more complex than can be represented by a simple integral of the forcing over the whole river system. C1 [Azarderakhsh, Marzieh] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Norouzi, Hamidreza] New York City Coll Technol, New York, NY 11201 USA. [Papa, Fabrice] IRD LEGOS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Azarderakhsh, Marzieh; Rossow, William B.; Papa, Fabrice; Norouzi, Hamidreza; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Azarderakhsh, M (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM mazarderakhsh@gc.cuny.edu RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; Norouzi, Hamid/0000-0003-0405-5108 FU NASA Energy and Water cycle Study [NNXD7AO90G]; NOAA-CREST [NA06OAR4810162] FX NASA Energy and Water cycle Study, grant NNXD7AO90G and NOAA-CREST, grant NA06OAR4810162, funding supported this research. The authors would like to thank Q. Mu, K. Zhang and J. Sheffield for sharing their evapotranspiration data sets and the science teams of the GPCP, CMORPH, PERSIANN and TRMM and GRACE for providing public data source. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D24107 DI 10.1029/2011JD015997 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 868AI UT WOS:000298495500002 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD Puchalski, M Mohr, PJ AF Jentschura, U. D. Puchalski, M. Mohr, P. J. TI Thermal correction to the molar polarizability of a Boltzmann gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT; TRANSITION; FREQUENCY; HELIUM AB Metrology in atomic physics has been crucial for a number of advanced determinations of fundamental constants. In addition to very precise frequency measurements, the molar polarizability of an atomic gas has recently also been measured very accurately. Part of the motivation for the measurements is due to ongoing efforts to redefine the International System of Units (SI), for which an accurate value of the Boltzmann constant is needed. Here we calculate the dominant shift of the molar polarizability in an atomic gas due to thermal effects. It is given by the relativistic correction to the dipole interaction, which emerges when the probing electric field is Lorentz transformed into the rest frame of the atoms that undergo thermal motion. While this effect is small when compared to currently available experimental accuracy, the relativistic correction to the dipole interaction is much larger than the thermal shift of the polarizability induced by blackbody radiation. C1 [Jentschura, U. D.; Puchalski, M.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Puchalski, M.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Fac Chem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. [Mohr, P. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors acknowledge helpful conversations with M. R. Moldover and B. N. Taylor. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (precision measurement grant). NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 21 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 064102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.064102 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 866LE UT WOS:000298381500021 ER PT J AU Zhao, E Bray-Ali, N Williams, CJ Spielman, IB Satija, II AF Zhao, Erhai Bray-Ali, Noah Williams, Carl J. Spielman, I. B. Satija, Indubala I. TI Chern numbers hiding in time-of-flight images SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRAL ATOMS AB We present a technique for detecting topological invariants-Chern numbers-from time-of-flight images of ultracold atoms. We show that the Chern numbers of integer quantum Hall states of lattice fermions leave their fingerprints in the atoms' momentum distribution. We analytically demonstrate that the number of local maxima in the momentum distribution is equal to the Chern number in two limiting cases, for large hopping anisotropy and in the continuum limit. In addition, our numerical simulations beyond these two limits show that these local maxima persist for a range of parameters. Thus, an everyday observable in cold atom experiments can serve as a useful tool to characterize and visualize quantum states with nontrivial topology. C1 [Zhao, Erhai; Satija, Indubala I.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhao, Erhai; Bray-Ali, Noah; Williams, Carl J.; Spielman, I. B.; Satija, Indubala I.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Erhai; Bray-Ali, Noah; Williams, Carl J.; Spielman, I. B.; Satija, Indubala I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhao, E (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Zhao, Erhai/B-3463-2010; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 OI Zhao, Erhai/0000-0001-8954-1601; FU ONR; NIST; National Research Council; NSF through the PFC at Joint Quantum Institute; ARO from Atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; Defense Advanced Research Project Agency FX We acknowledge the support of the ONR and NIST (E.Z. and I.I.S.), the National Research Council (N.B.-A.), the NSF through the PFC at Joint Quantum Institute, (I.B.S.) and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative and the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency OLE Program (I.B.S.). NR 20 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 21 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 063629 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.063629 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 866LE UT WOS:000298381500019 ER PT J AU Braisted, J Schneider, E O'Kelly, S van der Hoeven, C AF Braisted, J. Schneider, E. O'Kelly, S. van der Hoeven, C. TI Design of an irradiation facility with a real-time radiation effects monitoring capability SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Real-time; Irradiation facility; TRIGA; Radiation effects; Optocoupler AB An in-core irradiation facility for radiation effects testing with a real-time monitoring capability has been designed for the 1.1 MW TRIGA Mark II research reactor at The University of Texas at Austin. The facility is larger than any currently available non-central location in a TRIGA, supporting testing of larger electronic components as well as other in-core irradiation applications requiring significant volume such as isotope production or neutron transmutation doping of silicon. This article presents the layout and characterization of the large in-core irradiation facility and the real-time electronics performance monitoring capability it is designed to support. To demonstrate this capability, an experimental campaign was conducted where the real-time current transfer ratio for 4N25 general-purpose optocouplers was obtained from in-situ voltage measurements. The resultant radiation effects data - current transfer ratio as a function of neutron and gamma dose - was seen to be repeatable and exceptionally finely resolved. Therefore, the real-time capability at UT TRIGA appears competitive with other effects characterization facilities in terms of number and size of testable samples while additionally offering a novel real-time, in-core monitoring capability. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Braisted, J.; Schneider, E.; van der Hoeven, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [O'Kelly, S.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP van der Hoeven, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 159, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM cvanderh@mail.utexas.edu FU Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy FX The authors would like to thank Larry Welch, Mike Krause, Donna O'Kelly, Joe Snook, Pat Griffin, David Vehar, and Charles Holm who have all contributed to this work. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy who provided funding for this work through the Innovations in Nuclear Education and Infrastructure (INIE) Program. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2011 VL 660 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.05.010 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 859NU UT WOS:000297883900014 ER PT J AU Li, M Guha, S Zangmeister, R Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Li, Mingdong Guha, Suvajyoti Zangmeister, Rebecca Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Method for Determining the Absolute Number Concentration of Nanoparticles from Electrospray Sources SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; PROTEIN; SIZE; AGGREGATION; CLASSIFICATION; EXTINCTION; SPECTRA AB We have developed a simple, fast, and accurate method to measure the absolute number concentration of nanoparticles in solution. The method combines electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) with a statistical analysis of droplet-induced oligomer formation. A key feature of the method is that it allows determination of the absolute number concentration of particles by knowing only the droplet size generated from a particular ES source, thereby eliminating the need for sample-specific calibration standards or detailed analysis of transport losses. The approach was validated by comparing the total number concentration of monodispersed Au nanoparticles determined by ES-DMA with UV/vis measurements. We also show that this approach is valid for protein molecules by quantifying the absolute number concentration of Rituxan monoclonal antibody in solution. The methodology is applicable for quantification of any electrospray process coupled to an analytical tool that can distinguish monomers from higher order oligomers. The only requirement is that the droplet size distribution be evaluated. For users only interested in implementation of the theory, we provide a section that summarizes the relevant formulas. This method eliminates the need for sample-specific calibration standards or detailed analysis of transport losses. C1 [Li, Mingdong; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Mingdong; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zangmeister, Rebecca; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014; Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017; OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 24 BP 14732 EP 14739 DI 10.1021/la202177s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 862UB UT WOS:000298118500006 PM 22032424 ER PT J AU France, K McCray, R Penton, SV Kirshner, RP Challis, P Laming, JM Bouchet, P Chevalier, R Garnavich, PM Fransson, C Heng, K Larsson, J Lawrence, S Lundqvist, P Panagia, N Pun, CSJ Smith, N Sollerman, J Sonneborn, G Sugerman, B Wheeler, JC AF France, Kevin McCray, Richard Penton, Steven V. Kirshner, Robert P. Challis, Peter Laming, J. Martin Bouchet, Patrice Chevalier, Roger Garnavich, Peter M. Fransson, Claes Heng, Kevin Larsson, Josefin Lawrence, Stephen Lundqvist, Peter Panagia, Nino Pun, Chun S. J. Smith, Nathan Sollerman, Jesper Sonneborn, George Sugerman, Ben Wheeler, J. Craig TI HST-COS OBSERVATIONS OF HYDROGEN, HELIUM, CARBON, AND NITROGEN EMISSION FROM THE SN 1987A REVERSE SHOCK SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; shock waves; supernovae: individual (SN 1987A) ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; BALMER-DOMINATED SHOCKS; SUPERNOVA REMNANT 1987A; INNER CIRCUMSTELLAR RING; VELOCITY LY-ALPHA; X-RAY; LINE EMISSION; TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRATION; SPECTROGRAPH OBSERVATIONS; MACH NUMBER AB We present the most sensitive ultraviolet observations of Supernova 1987A to date. Imaging spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph shows many narrow (Delta upsilon similar to 300 km s(-1)) emission lines from the circumstellar ring, broad (Delta upsilon similar to 10-20 x 103 km s(-1)) emission lines from the reverse shock, and ultraviolet continuum emission. The high signal-to-noise ratio (>40 per resolution element) broad Ly alpha emission is excited by soft X-ray and EUV heating of mostly neutral gas in the circumstellar ring and outer supernova debris. The ultraviolet continuum at lambda > 1350 angstrom can be explained by H I two-photon (2s (2)S(1/2)-1s (2)S(1/2)) emission from the same region. We confirm our earlier, tentative detection of N V lambda 1240 emission from the reverse shock and present the first detections of broad He II lambda 1640, C IV lambda 1550, and N IV] lambda 1486 emission lines from the reverse shock. The helium abundance in the high-velocity material is He/H = 0.14 +/- 0.06. The N V/H alpha line ratio requires partial ion-electron equilibration (T(e)/T(p) approximate to 0.14-0.35). We find that the N/C abundance ratio in the gas crossing the reverse shock is significantly higher than that in the circumstellar ring, a result that may be attributed to chemical stratification in the outer envelope of the supernova progenitor. The N/C abundance may have been stratified prior to the ring expulsion, or this result may indicate continued CNO processing in the progenitor subsequent to the expulsion of the circumstellar ring. C1 [France, Kevin; Penton, Steven V.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCray, Richard] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCray, Richard] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kirshner, Robert P.; Challis, Peter] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Laming, J. Martin] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bouchet, Patrice] DSM IRFU SAp CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chevalier, Roger] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Garnavich, Peter M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Fransson, Claes; Larsson, Josefin; Lundqvist, Peter; Sollerman, Jesper] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Heng, Kevin] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lawrence, Stephen] Hofstra Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. [Panagia, Nino] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Panagia, Nino] INAF CT, Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Pun, Chun S. J.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Smith, Nathan] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sonneborn, George] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sugerman, Ben] Goucher Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. [Wheeler, J. Craig] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.france@colorado.edu OI Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; /0000-0003-0065-2933; Heng, Kevin/0000-0003-1907-5910 FU NASA [NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, NAS5-26555]; HST program [GO 12241]; NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-12241] FX We thank Svetozar Zhekov formaking his X-ray shock model available, and K.F. and S.V.P. thank James Green for enjoyable discussions about the spectroscopic imaging capabilities of COS. We thank Dave Arnett for helpful advice regarding progenitor envelope structure. This work was supported by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. Data were obtained as part of HST program GO 12241. Support for program GO-12241 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 743 IS 2 AR 186 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/186 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 863PO UT WOS:000298178400088 ER PT J AU Ingleby, L Calvet, N Bergin, E Herczeg, G Brown, A Alexander, R Edwards, S Espaillat, C France, K Gregory, SG Hillenbrand, L Roueff, E Valenti, J Walter, F Johns-Krull, C Brown, J Linsky, J McClure, M Ardila, D Abgrall, H Bethell, T Hussain, G Yang, H AF Ingleby, Laura Calvet, Nuria Bergin, Edwin Herczeg, Gregory Brown, Alexander Alexander, Richard Edwards, Suzan Espaillat, Catherine France, Kevin Gregory, Scott G. Hillenbrand, Lynne Roueff, Evelyne Valenti, Jeff Walter, Frederick Johns-Krull, Christopher Brown, Joanna Linsky, Jeffrey McClure, Melissa Ardila, David Abgrall, Herve Bethell, Thomas Hussain, Gaitee Yang, Hao TI NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET EXCESS IN SLOWLY ACCRETING T TAURI STARS: LIMITS IMPOSED BY CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; stars: pre-main sequence ID PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE; ETA-CHAMAELEONTIS CLUSTER; LOW-MASS STARS; PLANET-FORMING REGION; X-RAY-RADIATION; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; BROWN DWARFS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION AB Young stars surrounded by disks with very low mass accretion rates are likely in the final stages of inner disk evolution and therefore particularly interesting to study. We present ultraviolet (UV) observations of the similar to 5-9 Myr old stars RECX-1 and RECX-11, obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, as well as optical and near-infrared spectroscopic observations. The two stars have similar levels of near-UV emission, although spectroscopic evidence indicates that RECX-11 is accreting and RECX-1 is not. The line profiles of Ha and He I lambda 10830 in RECX-11 show both broad and narrow redshifted absorption components that vary with time, revealing the complexity of the accretion flows. We show that accretion indicators commonly used to measure mass accretion rates, e. g., U-band excess luminosity or the Ca ii triplet line luminosity, are unreliable for low accretors, at least in the middle K spectral range. Using RECX-1 as a template for the intrinsic level of photospheric and chromospheric emission, we determine an upper limit of 3 x 10(-10) M(circle dot) yr(-1) for RECX-11. At this low accretion rate, recent photoevaporation models predict that an inner hole should have developed in the disk. However, the spectral energy distribution of RECX-11 shows fluxes comparable to the median of Taurus in the near-infrared, indicating that substantial dust remains. Fluorescent H2 emission lines formed in the innermost disk are observed in RECX-11, showing that gas is present in the inner disk, along with the dust. C1 [Ingleby, Laura; Calvet, Nuria; Bergin, Edwin; McClure, Melissa; Bethell, Thomas] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Herczeg, Gregory] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Brown, Alexander; France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, Richard] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Edwards, Suzan] Smith Coll, Dept Astron, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Espaillat, Catherine; Brown, Joanna] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gregory, Scott G.; Hillenbrand, Lynne] CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Roueff, Evelyne; Abgrall, Herve] Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8102, Sect Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Roueff, Evelyne; Abgrall, Herve] LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Valenti, Jeff] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Walter, Frederick] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Johns-Krull, Christopher] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey; Yang, Hao] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey; Yang, Hao] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ardila, David] CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hussain, Gaitee] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Ingleby, L (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 830 Dennison Bldg,500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lingleby@umich.edu; ncalvet@umich.edu; gregoryh@mpe.mpg.de RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014; OI Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333; McClure, Melissa/0000-0003-1878-327X; Gregory, Scott/0000-0003-3674-5568; Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 FU NASA [11616]; University of Colorado; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA [NAS 5-26555]; National Science Foundation [0901947]; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) FX We thank Will Fischer for help reducing the Phoenix data to obtain the He I line profile. We thank the SMARTS service for obtaining the SMARTS spectra. Stony Brook University is a member of the SMARTS partnership. This work was supported by NASA grants for Guest Observer program 11616 to the University of Michigan, Caltech, Stony Brook University, and the University of Colorado. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute data archive. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. C. E. was supported by the National Science Foundation under award no. 0901947. R. A. acknowledges support from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through an Advanced Fellowship (ST/G00711X/1). NR 95 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 743 IS 2 AR 105 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/105 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 863PO UT WOS:000298178400007 ER PT J AU van Sebille, E Baringer, MO Johns, WE Meinen, CS Beal, LM de Jong, MF van Aken, HM AF van Sebille, Erik Baringer, Molly O. Johns, William E. Meinen, Christopher S. Beal, Lisa M. de Jong, M. Femke van Aken, Hendrik M. TI Propagation pathways of classical Labrador Sea water from its source region to 26 degrees N SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; PAST 4 DECADES; MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW; FORMATION RATES; VARIABILITY; SALINITY; 26.5-DEGREES-N; TRANSPORT AB More than two decades of hydrography on the Abaco line east of the Bahamas at 26 degrees N reveals decadal variability in the salinity of classical Labrador Sea Water (cLSW), despite the long distance from its source region in the North Atlantic Ocean. Hydrographic time series from the Labrador Sea and from the Abaco line show a pronounced step-like decrease in salinity between 1985 and 1995 in the Labrador Sea and between 1995 and 2010 at the Abaco line, suggesting a time lag between the two locations of approximately 9 years. The amplitude of the anomaly at the Abaco line is 50% of the amplitude in the Labrador Sea. A similar time lag and reduction of amplitude is found in the high-resolution OFES model, in which salinity anomalies can be observed propagating through the Deep Western Boundary Current as well as through a broad interior pathway. On its way south to the Abaco line, the cLSW becomes 8 standard deviations saltier due to isopycnal mixing with Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). Climatological data in the North Atlantic suggests that the mixing ratio of MOW to cLSW at the Abaco line is 1:4 and that no variability in MOW is required to explain the observed variability at the Abaco line. The data studied here suggest that decadal cLSW anomalies stay relatively coherent while getting advected, despite the important role of interior pathways. C1 [Baringer, Molly O.; Meinen, Christopher S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Sebille, Erik; Johns, William E.; Beal, Lisa M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [de Jong, M. Femke; van Aken, Hendrik M.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. RP van Sebille, E (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Level 4,Mathews Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM e.vansebille@unsw.edu.au RI van Sebille, Erik/F-6781-2010; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; OI van Sebille, Erik/0000-0003-2041-0704; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Beal, Lisa/0000-0003-3678-5367 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE0241438]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; JAMSTEC FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award OCE0241438. The work of two authors (M.B. and C.M.) on this project was also supported by the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The OFES simulation was conducted on the Earth Simulator under the support of JAMSTEC. The Labrador Sea time series was constructed with public data (until 1997) as well as post-WOCE data processed by Igor Yashayaev from the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. NR 65 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C12027 DI 10.1029/2011JC007171 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 868SH UT WOS:000298545100001 ER PT J AU Shamberger, KEF Feely, RA Sabine, CL Atkinson, MJ DeCarlo, EH Mackenzie, FT Drupp, PS Butterfield, DA AF Shamberger, K. E. F. Feely, R. A. Sabine, C. L. Atkinson, M. J. DeCarlo, E. H. Mackenzie, F. T. Drupp, P. S. Butterfield, D. A. TI Calcification and organic production on a Hawaiian coral reef SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Coral reef; Calcification; Production; CO2; Ocean acidification; Kaneohe ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE SATURATION; SOUTHERN KANEOHE BAY; CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; SKELETAL GROWTH; NORTH PACIFIC; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS AB Net ecosystem calcification rates (NEC) and net photosynthesis (NP) were determined from CO2 seawater parameters on the barrier coral reef of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Autosamplers were deployed to collect samples on the barrier reef every 2 h for six 48-hour deployments, two each in June 2008, August 2009, and January/February 2010. NEC on the Kaneohe Bay barrier reef increased throughout the day and decreased at night. Net calcification continued at low rates at night except for six time periods when net dissolution was measured. The barrier reef was generally net photosynthetic (positive NP) during the day and net respiring (negative NP) at night. NP controlled the diel cycles of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) and aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)), resulting in high daytime Omega(arag) levels when calcification rates were at their peak. However, the NEC and NP did l cycles can become decoupled for short periods of time (several hours) without affecting calcification rates. On a daily basis, net ecosystem production (NEP) of the barrier reef was found to be sometimes net photosynthetic and sometimes net respiring and ranged from -378 to 80 mmol m(-2) d(-1) when calculated using simple box models. Daily NEC of the barrier reef was positive (net calcification) for all deployments and ranged from 174 to 331 mmol CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1). Daily NEC was strongly negatively correlated with average daily pCO(2) (R-2 = 0.76) which ranged from 431 to 622 mu atm. Daily NEC of the Kaneohe Bay barrier reef is similar to or higher than daily NEC measured on other coral reefs even though Omega(arag) levels (mean Omega(arag) = 2.85) are some of the lowest measured in coral reef ecosystems. It appears that while calcification rate and Omega(arag) are correlated within a single coral reef ecosystem, this relationship does not necessarily hold between different coral reef systems. It can be expected that ocean acidification will not affect coral reefs uniformly and that some may be more sensitive to increasing pCO(2) levels than others. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shamberger, K. E. F.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shamberger, K. E. F.; Feely, R. A.; Sabine, C. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Atkinson, M. J.; DeCarlo, E. H.; Mackenzie, F. T.; Drupp, P. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shamberger, KEF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kfagan@uw.edu RI Shamberger, Kathryn/C-9531-2014; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Shamberger, Kathryn/0000-0002-2927-3657; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Drupp, Patrick/0000-0001-5758-0702 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This is contribution number 3639 from the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory of NOAA. We specifically acknowledge Libby Jewett of NOAA Ocean Acidification for her support. We are grateful to Chris Winn and Andrew Brittain at Hawaii Pacific University for making it possible for us to collect samples from HPU's research vessel, the Kaholo, and to the crew of the Kaholo, especially Captain Brian Quinn. NR 85 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 127 IS 1-4 BP 64 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2011.08.003 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 864EI UT WOS:000298219400008 ER PT J AU Ding, L Wang, C Chu, LH Yan, J Na, YY Huang, QZ Chen, XL AF Ding, Lei Wang, Cong Chu, Lihua Yan, Jun Na, Yuanyuan Huang, Qingzhen Chen, Xiaolong TI Near zero temperature coefficient of resistivity in antiperovskite Mn3Ni1-xCuxN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALIES; COMPOUND AB The near zero temperature coefficient of resistivity (NZ-TCR) in Mn-based antiperovskite Mn3Ni1-xCuxN is reported. The temperature range of NZ-TCR is controllable by changing Cu content. Further, the TCR value of 0.09 ppm K-1 was obtained in Mn3Ni0.5Cu0.5N over a broad temperature range around room temperature. The anomalous resistivity change of Mn3Ni1-xCuxN from metal-like to NZ-TCR behavioris apparently due to a magnetic transition. The possible reason for the formation of NZ-TCR is interpreted on the basis of spin-disorder scattering. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3671183] C1 [Ding, Lei; Wang, Cong; Chu, Lihua; Yan, Jun; Na, Yuanyuan] Beijing Univ, Dept Phys, Key Lab Micronano Measurement Manipulat & Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys,Minist Educ, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Xiaolong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Beijing Univ, Dept Phys, Key Lab Micronano Measurement Manipulat & Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys,Minist Educ, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM congwang@buaa.cn RI DING, LEI/S-5233-2016 OI DING, LEI/0000-0002-1556-2095 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [91122026, 90922037] FX This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 91122026 and 90922037). NR 23 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 25 AR 251905 DI 10.1063/1.3671183 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 875LO UT WOS:000299031600021 ER PT J AU Lau, JW Liu, XY Boling, RC Shaw, JM AF Lau, June W. Liu, Xiaoyong Boling, Robert C. Shaw, Justin M. TI Decoupling nucleation and domain-wall propagation regimes in (Co/Pd)(n) multilayer nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; ION IRRADIATION; SWITCHING FIELD; MEDIA; ANISOTROPY AB In (Co/Pd)(n) multilayer dots with submicrometer diameters, it is understood that reversal is initiated by the nucleation of a small reversed region, followed by uninhibited expansion of the nucleus. The fact that the reversed domain expands with relative ease has been attributed to the fact that the field required to free a domain wall is much smaller than the field required to create the nucleus. In this work, we measured the angular dependence of the coercivity in individual 500-nm and 1-mu m (Co/Pd)(n) multilayer dots and show that the shape of this curve deviates from the Stoner-Wohlfarth-like form observed by others. We attribute this deviation to (1) the domain-wall depinning field exceeding the nucleation field when the reversal field has a large in-plane component and (2) exchange-spring-like behavior at the dots' edges due to ion-mill damage. C1 [Lau, June W.; Liu, Xiaoyong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boling, Robert C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shaw, Justin M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lau, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM june.lau@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Lau, June/C-7509-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; FU National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research FX The authors are grateful for the illuminating discussions with Bob McMichael. R. C. Boling was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates program, Division of Materials Research. This research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 19 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 21 AR 214427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.214427 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 867XC UT WOS:000298487100007 ER PT J AU Underwood, JM Lowell, PJ O'Neil, GC Ullom, JN AF Underwood, Jason M. Lowell, Peter J. O'Neil, Galen C. Ullom, Joel N. TI Insensitivity of Sub-Kelvin Electron-Phonon Coupling to Substrate Properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB We have examined the role of the substrate on electron-phonon coupling in normal-metal films of Mn-doped Al at temperatures below 1 K. Normal metal-insulator-superconductor junctions were used to measure the electron temperature in the films as a function of Joule heating power and phonon temperature. Theory suggests that the distribution of phonons available for interaction with electrons in metal films may depend on the acoustic properties of the substrate, namely, that the electron-phonon coupling constant Sigma would be larger on the substrate with smaller sound speed. In contrast, our results indicate that within experimental error (typically +/-10%), Sigma is unchanged among the two acoustically distinct substrates used in our investigation. C1 [Underwood, Jason M.; Lowell, Peter J.; O'Neil, Galen C.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Underwood, JM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU National Research Council; NASA APRA FX This work was supported by the National Research Council and the NASA APRA program. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 25 AR 255504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.255504 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 869OE UT WOS:000298606800016 PM 22243092 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Delworth, TL Rosati, A Anderson, WG Dixon, KW Lee, HC Zeng, FR AF Zhang, Rong Delworth, Thomas L. Rosati, Anthony Anderson, Whit G. Dixon, Keith W. Lee, Hyun-Chul Zeng, Fanrong TI Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Ocean Circulation to an abrupt change in the Nordic Sea overflow in a high resolution global coupled climate model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; GULF-STREAM; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; PART I; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; PATH; ADJUSTMENT AB The sensitivity of the North Atlantic Ocean Circulation to an abrupt change in the Nordic Sea overflow is investigated for the first time using a high resolution eddy-permitting global coupled ocean-atmosphere model (GFDL CM2.5). The Nordic Sea overflow is perturbed through the change of the bathymetry in GFDL CM2.5. We analyze the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) adjustment process and the downstream oceanic response to the perturbation. The results suggest that north of 34 degrees N, AMOC changes induced by changes in the Nordic Sea overflow propagate on the slow tracer advection timescale, instead of the fast Kelvin wave timescale, resulting in a time lead of several years between subpolar and subtropical AMOC changes. The results also show that a stronger and deeper-penetrating Nordic Sea overflow leads to stronger and deeper AMOC, stronger northward ocean heat transport, reduced Labrador Sea deep convection, stronger cyclonic Northern Recirculation Gyre (NRG), westward shift of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and southward shift of the Gulf Stream, warmer sea surface temperature (SST) east of Newfoundland and colder SST south of the Grand Banks, stronger and deeper NAC and Gulf Stream, and stronger oceanic eddy activities along the NAC and the Gulf Stream paths. A stronger/weaker Nordic Sea overflow also leads to a contracted/expanded subpolar gyre (SPG). This sensitivity study points to the important role of the Nordic Sea overflow in the large scale North Atlantic ocean circulation, and it is crucial for climate models to have a correct representation of the Nordic Sea overflow. C1 [Zhang, Rong; Delworth, Thomas L.; Rosati, Anthony; Anderson, Whit G.; Dixon, Keith W.; Lee, Hyun-Chul; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Chul] High Performance Technol Inc, Reston, VA USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 16 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C12024 DI 10.1029/2011JC007240 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 864PV UT WOS:000298253100003 ER PT J AU Elvira, D Hachair, X Verma, VB Braive, R Beaudoin, G Robert-Philip, I Sagnes, I Baek, B Nam, SW Dauler, EA Abram, I Stevens, MJ Beveratos, A AF Elvira, D. Hachair, X. Verma, V. B. Braive, R. Beaudoin, G. Robert-Philip, I. Sagnes, I. Baek, B. Nam, S. W. Dauler, E. A. Abram, I. Stevens, M. J. Beveratos, A. TI Higher-order photon correlations in pulsed photonic crystal nanolasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LASER; MICROCAVITY; EMISSION AB We report on the higher-order photon correlations of a high-beta nanolaser under pulsed excitation at room temperature. Using a multiplexed four-element superconducting single-photon detector we measured g((n))(0) over right arrow with n = 2,3,4. All orders of correlation display partially chaotic statistics, even at four times the threshold excitation power. We show that this departure from coherence and Poisson statistics is due to the quantum fluctuations associated with the small number of photons at the lasing threshold. C1 [Elvira, D.; Hachair, X.; Braive, R.; Beaudoin, G.; Robert-Philip, I.; Sagnes, I.; Abram, I.; Beveratos, A.] Lab Photon & Nanostruct LPN CNRS UPR20, F-91460 Marcoussis, France. [Verma, V. B.; Baek, B.; Nam, S. W.; Stevens, M. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dauler, E. A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Elvira, D (reprint author), Lab Photon & Nanostruct LPN CNRS UPR20, Route Nozay, F-91460 Marcoussis, France. EM alexios.beveratos@lpn.cnrs.fr FU Triangle de la Physique; French National Research Agency (ANR) [NATIF ANR-09-NANO-P103-36] FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the Triangle de la Physique under the BIRD project and from the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program (Project NATIF ANR-09-NANO-P103-36). NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 16 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 061802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.061802 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 866KI UT WOS:000298379100003 ER PT J AU Gilmore, K Garate, I MacDonald, AH Stiles, MD AF Gilmore, Keith Garate, Ion MacDonald, Allan H. Stiles, M. D. TI First-principles calculation of the nonadiabatic spin transfer torque in Ni and Fe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; S-D EXCHANGE; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; PERMALLOY-FILMS; DRIVEN; NANOWIRES; METALS; RELAXATION; DEPENDENCE AB The magnetization dynamics of a ferromagnet subjected to an electrical current are described by an extension of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation that contains two additional terms, the adiabatic and nonadiabatic spin-transfer torques. First-principles calculations of the nonadiabatic spin-transfer torque parameter beta for bcc iron and fcc nickel show that beta is related to and typically of the same order as alpha, the damping constant, but is distinct from it. Calculations as a function of the ratio of spin-dependent scattering rates show that (1) the minimum of the damping constant as a function of scattering rate does not change significantly, and (2) when the polarization of the current approaches zero, beta can become large but the implied domain-wall velocity does not. C1 [Gilmore, Keith; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilmore, Keith] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garate, Ion] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [MacDonald, Allan H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Gilmore, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Gilmore, Keith/D-5426-2013 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; NR 76 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 16 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 22 AR 224412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.224412 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 868UX UT WOS:000298552700003 ER PT J AU Holtgrieve, GW Schindler, DE Hobbs, WO Leavitt, PR Ward, EJ Bunting, L Chen, GJ Finney, BP Gregory-Eaves, I Holmgren, S Lisac, MJ Lisi, PJ Nydick, K Rogers, LA Saros, JE Selbie, DT Shapley, MD Walsh, PB Wolfe, AP AF Holtgrieve, Gordon W. Schindler, Daniel E. Hobbs, William O. Leavitt, Peter R. Ward, Eric J. Bunting, Lynda Chen, Guangjie Finney, Bruce P. Gregory-Eaves, Irene Holmgren, Sofia Lisac, Mark J. Lisi, Peter J. Nydick, Koren Rogers, Lauren A. Saros, Jasmine E. Selbie, Daniel T. Shapley, Mark D. Walsh, Patrick B. Wolfe, Alexander P. TI A Coherent Signature of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition to Remote Watersheds of the Northern Hemisphere SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; LAKES; ISOTOPES; CLIMATE; SHIFTS; ENRICHMENT; COLORADO; NITRATE; DRIVEN; CYCLE AB Humans have more than doubled the amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) added to the biosphere, yet most of what is known about its accumulation and ecological effects is derived from studies of heavily populated regions. Nitrogen (N) stable isotope ratios (N-15:N-14) in dated sediments from 25 remote Northern Hemisphere lakes show a coherent signal of an isotopically distinct source of N to ecosystems beginning in 1895 +/- 10 years (+/- 1 standard deviation). Initial shifts in N isotope composition recorded in lake sediments coincide with anthropogenic CO2 emissions but accelerate with widespread industrial Nr production during the past half century. Although current atmospheric Nr deposition rates in remote regions are relatively low, anthropogenic N has probably influenced watershed N budgets across the Northern Hemisphere for over a century. C1 [Holtgrieve, Gordon W.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Lisi, Peter J.; Rogers, Lauren A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hobbs, William O.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Marine St Croix, MN USA. [Leavitt, Peter R.; Bunting, Lynda] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Limnol Lab, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Ward, Eric J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Chen, Guangjie; Gregory-Eaves, Irene] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Chen, Guangjie] Yunnan Normal Univ, Sch Tourism & Geog, Key Lab Plateau Lake Ecol & Global Change, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Finney, Bruce P.; Shapley, Mark D.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.; Shapley, Mark D.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Holmgren, Sofia] Lund Univ, Div Geol, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Lisac, Mark J.; Walsh, Patrick B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dillingham, AK USA. [Nydick, Koren] Mt Studies Inst, Silverton, CO USA. [Saros, Jasmine E.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA. [Selbie, Daniel T.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Cultus Lake Salmon Res Lab, Pacific Reg, Cultus Lake, BC, Canada. [Wolfe, Alexander P.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Holtgrieve, GW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gholt@uw.edu RI Leavitt, Peter/A-1048-2013; Bunting, Lynda/K-2039-2013; Holtgrieve, Gordon/C-5371-2009; OI Leavitt, Peter/0000-0001-9805-9307; Holtgrieve, Gordon/0000-0002-4451-3567; Hobbs, William/0000-0001-7321-0779 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Togiak National Wildlife Refuge; Alberta Water Research Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSF; Canada Foundation for Innovation FX The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, the Alberta Water Research Institute, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and NSF provided funding for this work. The Canada Foundation for Innovation provided funding to P. R. L. for the University of Regina stable isotope lab. Original data used in this study are available as an R workspace along with example R code in the SOM. NR 24 TC 121 Z9 127 U1 10 U2 153 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 16 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6062 BP 1545 EP 1548 DI 10.1126/science.1212267 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 862LE UT WOS:000298091400050 PM 22174250 ER PT J AU Levasseur, B Ebrahim, AM Burress, J Bandosz, TJ AF Levasseur, Benoit Ebrahim, Amani M. Burress, Jacob Bandosz, Teresa J. TI Interactions of NO2 at ambient temperature with cerium-zirconium mixed oxides supported on SBA-15 SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Ambient conditions; Cerium; NOx adsorption; SBA-15; Zirconium ID SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION; MESOPOROUS SILICA; ACTIVATED CARBONS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; BEHAVIOR; CHEMISTRY; REMOVAL; ETHANOL AB New silica-based composites were obtained using a slow precipitation of mixed oxide Ce1-xZrxO2 on the surface of mesoporous silica, SBA-15. The samples were tested as NO2 adsorbents in dynamic conditions at room temperature. The surface of the initial and exhausted materials was characterized using N-2 sorption, XRD. TEM, potentiometric titration, and thermal analysis before and after exposure to NO2. In comparison with unsupported Ce1-xZrxO2 mixed oxides, a significant increase in the NO2 adsorption capacity was observed. This is due to the high dispersion of active oxide phase on the surface of SBA-15. A linear trend was found between the NO2 adsorption capacity and the amount of Zr(OH)(4) added to the structure. Introduction of Zr cations to ceria Contributes to an increase in the amount of Ce3+, which is the active center for the NO2 adsorption, and to an increase in the density of-OH groups. These groups are found to be involved in the retention of both NO2 and NO on the surface. After exposure to NO2, an acidification of the surface caused by the oxidation of the cerium as well as the formation of nitrite and nitrates took place. The structure of the composites appears not to be affected by reactive adsorption of NO2. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Levasseur, Benoit; Ebrahim, Amani M.; Bandosz, Teresa J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Levasseur, Benoit; Ebrahim, Amani M.; Bandosz, Teresa J.] CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Burress, Jacob] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bandosz, TJ (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM tbandosz@ccny.cuny.edu FU ARO (Army Research Office) [W911NF-10-1-0030] FX This study was supported by the ARO (Army Research Office) grant W911NF-10-1-0030. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 197 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.087 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 863XA UT WOS:000298200400036 PM 21999986 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Uda, S Rivenbark, CF AF Johnson, Ward L. Kim, Sudook A. Uda, Satoshi Rivenbark, Christine F. TI Contributions to anelasticity in langasite and langatate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS; INDUCED FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; INTERNAL-FRICTION; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CUT RESONATORS; KINK MOTION AB Maximization of the quality factors Q of langasite (LGS) and langatate (LGT) is necessary for optimal performance of acoustic resonators of these materials in frequency-control and high-temperature sensing applications. In this report, measurements and least-squares analysis of Q(-1) as a function of ultrasonic frequency and temperature of undoped LGS (100 K to 750 K) and LGT (300 K to 760 K) reveal a superposition of physical effects, including point-defect relaxations and intrinsic phonon-phonon loss. In LGS, these effects are superimposed on a large temperature-dependent background with weak frequency dependence that is interpreted as arising from a relaxation process with a distribution of activation energies. This distributed relaxation is suggested to be a result of anelastic kink migration. No evidence for a significant background of this form is found in the LGT specimen, consistent with the lower measured dislocation etch-pit density of this crystal. The analysis of the dependence of Q(-1) of LGT on frequency and temperature indicates that, at near-ambient temperatures, the damping in this specimen is close to the intrinsic limit determined by phonon-phonon interactions. Piezoelectric/carrier relaxation, which must occur at sufficiently elevated temperatures, is found not to be a significant contribution to Q(-1), relative to defect-related contributions, in either LGS or LGT in the measured range of temperatures. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3672443] C1 [Johnson, Ward L.; Kim, Sudook A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Uda, Satoshi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Rivenbark, Christine F.] Univ Cent Florida, AMPAC, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wjohnson@boulder.nist.gov RI UDA, Satoshi/B-3728-2011 NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 12 AR 123528 DI 10.1063/1.3672443 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 869ZV UT WOS:000298639800042 ER PT J AU Malherbe, J Isaure, MP Seby, F Watson, RP Rodriguez-Gonzalez, P Stutzman, PE Davis, CW Maurizio, C Unceta, N Sieber, JR Long, SE Donard, OFX AF Malherbe, Julien Isaure, Marie-Pierre Seby, Fabienne Watson, Russell P. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo Stutzman, Paul E. Davis, Clay W. Maurizio, Chiara Unceta, Nora Sieber, John R. Long, Stephen E. Donard, Olivier F. X. TI Evaluation of Hexavalent Chromium Extraction Method EPA Method 3060A for Soils Using XANES Spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORE PROCESSING RESIDUE; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; FERROUS SULFATE; SPECIATION; CR(VI); SAMPLES; STANDARD; CHROMATE AB Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) occurrence in soils is generally determined using an extraction step to transfer it to the liquid phase where it is more easily detected and quantified. In this work, the performance of the most common extraction procedure (EPA Method 3060A) using NaOH-Na(2)CO(3) solutions is evaluated using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), which enables the quantification of Cr(VI) directly in the solid state. Results obtained with both methods were compared for three solid samples with different matrices: a soil containing chromite ore processing residue (COPR), a loamy soil, and a paint sludge. Results showed that Cr(VI) contents determined by the two methods differ significantly, and that the EPA Method 3060A procedure underestimated the Cr(VI) content in all studied samples. The underestimation is particularly pronounced for COPR Low extraction yield for EPA Method 3060A was found to be the main reason. The Cr(VI) present in COPR was found to be more concentrated in magnetic phases. This work provides new XANES analyses of SRM 2701 and its extraction residues for the purpose of benchmarking EPA 3060A performance. C1 [Malherbe, Julien; Isaure, Marie-Pierre; Donard, Olivier F. X.] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, UMR 5254, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm,IPREM, F-64053 Pau 9, France. [Malherbe, Julien; Watson, Russell P.; Davis, Clay W.; Sieber, John R.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seby, Fabienne] UT2A, F-64053 Pau 9, France. [Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo] Univ Oviedo, Dept Quim Fis & Analit, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. [Stutzman, Paul E.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maurizio, Chiara] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, GILDA Beamline, CNR OGG, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Unceta, Nora] Univ Basque Country, Fac Pharm, Dept Analyt Chem, Vitoria, Spain. RP Malherbe, J (reprint author), Univ Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, UMR 5254, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm,IPREM, Helioparc Pau Pyrenees,2,Ave Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau 9, France. EM malherbe.julien@hotmail.fr RI Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo/D-1718-2014; Kirk, Caroline/H-2518-2012; Watson, Russell/S-2574-2016; OI Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo/0000-0001-9317-8833; Watson, Russell/0000-0001-8073-2428; maurizio, chiara/0000-0002-0517-1314 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. We are grateful to Bruce Ravel at NIST beamline X23A2 for his assistance in the setup of experiments and for his help with Athena software. We also acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of beam time. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments contributing to improvement of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 24 BP 10492 EP 10500 DI 10.1021/es201002g PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862TZ UT WOS:000298118300033 PM 22050765 ER PT J AU Mahajan, S Zhang, R Delworth, TL AF Mahajan, Salil Zhang, Rong Delworth, Thomas L. TI Impact of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) on Arctic Surface Air Temperature and Sea Ice Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; OCEAN; RAINFALL; INCREASE AB The simulated impact of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on the low-frequency variability of the Arctic surface air temperature (SAT) and sea ice extent is studied with a 1000-year-long segment of a control simulation of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.1. The simulated AMOC variations in the control simulation are found to be significantly anticorrelated with the Arctic sea ice extent anomalies and significantly correlated with the Arctic SAT anomalies on decadal time scales in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic. The maximum anticorrelation with the Arctic sea ice extent and the maximum correlation with the Arctic SAT occur when the AMOC index leads by one year. An intensification of the AMOC is associated with a sea ice decline in the Labrador, Greenland, and Barents Seas in the control simulation, with the largest change occurring in winter. The recent declining trend in the satellite-observed sea ice extent also shows a similar pattern in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic in the winter, suggesting the possibility of a role of the AMOC in the recent Arctic sea ice decline in addition to anthropogenic greenhouse-gas-induced warming. However, in the summer, the simulated sea ice response to the AMOC in the Pacific sector of the Arctic is much weaker than the observed declining trend, indicating a stronger role for other climate forcings or variability in the recently observed summer sea ice decline in the Chukchi, Beaufort, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas. C1 [Mahajan, Salil] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Rong; Delworth, Thomas L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Mahajan, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM mahajans@ornl.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Mahajan, Salil/0000-0001-5767-8590 FU Princeton University; GFDL/NOAA FX We thank Keith W. Dixon, John R. Lanzante, Michael Winton, and three anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions and comments helped improve the manuscript. Mahajan S. was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program jointly sponsored by Princeton University and GFDL/NOAA. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 24 BP 6573 EP 6581 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4002.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863XJ UT WOS:000298201300021 ER PT J AU Wang, TM Yang, S Wen, ZP Wu, RG Zhao, P AF Wang, Tongmei Yang, Song Wen, Zhiping Wu, Renguang Zhao, Ping TI Variations of the winter India-Burma Trough and their links to climate anomalies over southern and eastern Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; SUMMER MONSOON; WEAKENING TREND; JANUARY 2008; CHINA; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; IMPACTS AB The India-Burma Trough (IBT) plays an important role in affecting the weather and climate over southern and eastern Asia. An index of IBT is defined based on area-mean 700 hPa vorticity, which is superior to the indices based on geopotential height, to measure the interdecadal and interannual variations of the trough and their links to the winter climate anomalies over South, Southeast, and part of East Asia. An analysis of data since 1948 indicates that the IBT has undergone an interdecadal change. The trough since 1978 was almost always stronger than the trough before 1978. Compared to 1949-1977 when the IBT was weak, many different climate features were observed during 1978-2010. An anomalous low-level cyclonic pattern was found over southern Asia; a decreased temperature was observed over the Middle East, the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and south of the plateau; and increased precipitation occurred over portions of Middle East, western Asia, and southern China. Meanwhile, upper-tropospheric westerlies intensified over the Middle East and the TP, and increased (decreased) humidity and enhanced rising (sinking) motion appeared to the east (west) of the trough line. The result also indicates that the interannual correlations between IBT and surface temperature over southern and eastern Asia, and between the IBT and precipitation, were more significant during the strong IBT decades. Furthermore, the features revealed on interannual timescale are similar to those on interdecadal timescale, but the interannual features are clearly more pronounced. Thus, the IBT may be considered as one of the increasingly important factors for interannual predictions of the winter temperature and precipitation over southern Asia. C1 [Wang, Tongmei; Wen, Zhiping] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Monsoon & Environm Res, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhao, Ping] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, TM (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Monsoon & Environm Res, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075054, 40925015, 40730951]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [8451027501001444]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX The authors thank Jiepeng Chen for her technical assistance. This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41075054, 40925015, and 40730951), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (grant 8451027501001444), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D23118 DI 10.1029/2011JD016373 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864QQ UT WOS:000298255300007 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Levine, LE Creuziger, A Hubbard, JB AF Stoudt, M. R. Levine, L. E. Creuziger, A. Hubbard, J. B. TI The fundamental relationships between grain orientation, deformation-induced surface roughness and strain localization in an aluminum alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE EBSD; Mechanical characterization; Aluminum alloys; Sheet forming; Plasticity ID PLASTIC STRAIN; SHEET; MODEL; SIZE; SUBSTRUCTURE; POLYCRYSTALS; NUCLEATION; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB Polycrystalline AA6022 tensile specimens were cut from sheet stock, mechanically polished, and uniaxially strained in situ under a scanning laser confocal microscope (SLCM) using a sub-sized universal testing apparatus. Prior to deformation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was performed on the gauge sections of one specimen in the rolling direction of the sheet and one in the transverse direction. Maps of the largest displacements in the surface morphology were constructed from the SLCM data and overlaid onto maps derived from the crystallographic orientation data to examine the strength of the influence that grain orientation effects have on critical strain localization. The roles of Taylor factors, grain boundary misorientation, largest Schmid factors, grain sizes, coincident site lattice orientations, and local grain breakup were considered. The largest surface displacements were observed to be concentrated at triple junctions where there is a large difference between the Taylor factors of the individual grains. The high degree of correlation between the density and location of these large surface displacements and the local plasticity conditions indicate that a critical localization event is most likely to initiate in grain boundary regions where unfavorable slip interactions produce the largest plastic strains. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stoudt, M. R.; Levine, L. E.; Creuziger, A.; Hubbard, J. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Met Forming, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Creuziger, A.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Met Forming, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stoudt@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of S. M. Olson of the Materials Science and Engineering Department at Lehigh University who performed the mechanical tests, as well as the initial SLCM and EBSD measurements. Mr. Olson was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Division of Materials Research. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 530 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.050 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 865KZ UT WOS:000298311100013 ER PT J AU Powell, EN Staff, GM Callender, WR Ashton-Alcox, KA Brett, CE Parsons-Hubbard, KM Walker, SE Raymond, A AF Powell, Eric N. Staff, George M. Callender, W. Russell Ashton-Alcox, Kathryn A. Brett, Carlton E. Parsons-Hubbard, Karla M. Walker, Sally E. Raymond, Anne TI Taphonomic degradation of molluscan remains during thirteen years on the continental shelf and slope of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Taphonomy; Discoloration; Continental shelf; Continental slope; Preservation; Taphofacies; Dissolution; Shell carbonate; Burial; Mollusk; Long-term experiment ID GARDEN BRINE SEEP; SEDIMENT-WATER-INTERFACE; BAHIA-LA-CHOYA; FOSSIL RECORD; SEA-FLOOR; OYSTER SHELL; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIVALVE TAPHONOMY; DEATH ASSEMBLAGES; CARBONATE CRUSTS AB In 1993, SSETI (Shelf and Slope Experimental Taphonomy initiative) deployed shells of a suite of molluscan species in a variety of environments of preservation (EOPs) covering a range of depths and sediment types on the Gulf of Mexico continental shelf and upper slope, with the goal of measuring taphonomic rates over an extended period of time. SSETI retrieved shells from these EOPs after 2, 8, and 13 years. The degree of shell degradation was significantly influenced by species, elapsed time-since-deployment, and EOP. A suite of 'physical' taphonomic processes, such as dissolution, abrasion, discoloration, and edge alteration, increased in severity over the 13 years; fragmentation occurred in some species. Dissolution proceeded apace; however the incidence of chalkiness declined from high levels observed after a few years while the more extreme levels of dissolution, such as the development of a soft or deeply-dissolved surface, rose significantly in frequency. The incidence of original color declined, while fading of original color increased. Brown-to-red and green discoloration rose rapidly in the first eight years and then declined, leaving a faded shell surface. Between-habitat differences in degradation rate were significant for most taphonomic attributes. Between-species differences were minor in comparison. Thus, taphofacies, the product of the independent actions of a suite of taphonomic processes, originate from and provide information on environmental conditions. Species composition has a lesser inherent influence on the outcome. Not uncommonly, the rates of change in shell condition differed significantly between EOPs although the direction of change was coincident. This was particularly true of the summary indices such as maximum discoloration or the average degree of dissolution. The taphonomic process is nonlinear in time. Nonlinearity is EOP-dependent, becoming a defining attribute leading to disparate taphofacies types. Some taphonomic processes cannot proceed expeditiously without prior alteration of the shell through other taphonomic means. Some taphonomic conditions such as chalkiness can be intermediate states. The presumption that similar taphonomic characteristics between EOPs indicate similar environmental processes operating at similar rates is falsified by SSETI sites in which similar taphonomic indices at Year 13 accrued from different time-varying degradational rates during the preceding years. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Powell, Eric N.; Ashton-Alcox, Kathryn A.] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. [Brett, Carlton E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Parsons-Hubbard, Karla M.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Callender, W. Russell] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment N SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Staff, George M.] Austin Community Coll, Dept Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Walker, Sally E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Raymond, Anne] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Powell, EN (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. EM eric@hsrl.rutgers.edu FU NOAA; National Science Foundation; NURP FX The submersible work required for the deployment and recovery of experiments was made possible through a series of grants from NOAA's National Undersea Research Programs at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington and the National Science Foundation-Geology and Paleontology Program. We would like to thank the NSF and NURP for the consistent funding of the four major field efforts that permitted deployment and recovery over such a large regional area. We would like to thank the support crews of the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible and support vessels. NR 139 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 312 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 209 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.006 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 868NX UT WOS:000298531100002 ER PT J AU Powell, EN Staff, GM Callender, WR Ashton-Alcox, KA Brett, CE Parsons-Hubbard, KM Walker, SE Raymond, A AF Powell, Eric N. Staff, George M. Callender, W. Russell Ashton-Alcox, Kathryn A. Brett, Carlton E. Parsons-Hubbard, Karla M. Walker, Sally E. Raymond, Anne TI The influence of molluscan taxon on taphofacies development over a broad range of environments of preservation: The SSETI experience SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Taphonomy; Discoloration; Continental shelf; Continental slope; Preservation; Taphofacies; Dissolution; Shell carbonate; Carbonate bank; Long-term experiment ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GARDEN BRINE SEEP; QUANTIFYING TAPHONOMIC BIAS; MARINE DEATH ASSEMBLAGES; UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY; LEE STOCKING ISLAND; BAHIA-LA-CHOYA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PALEOCOMMUNITY RECONSTRUCTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB We utilize information from a suite of molluscan species deployed in a variety of Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico environments of preservation (EOP) by SSETI (Shelf and Slope Experimental Taphonomy Initiative) to examine to what degree interpretation of the taphofacies is influenced by the mix of species presented to the observer. The environment of preservation was the overwhelming determinant of taphonomic state at SSETI sites. Species mix played a subsidiary role. A few consistent trends were observed: for example, Arctica islandica, Strombus luhuanus, Mytilus edulis, and Mercenaria mercenaria tended to be more highly dissolved than others. Mytilus edulis consistently was fragmented more than other species. Otherwise, most species behaved uniquely over a range of EOPs: significant species by EOP interactions were the norm. A taphofacies model is developed to examine further the role of species on the degradational state of the assemblage. Two metrics are described: a taphonomic degradation score describes the overall degradational state of the assemblage from pristine to highly degraded; and a taphonomic signature describes the relative importance of a suite of taphonomic processes. Model simulations show that the impact of species on degradational state is low initially because all shells are in relatively pristine condition shortly after death. The impact is high at intermediate degradational states because factors inherent to the species modulate the time course of taphonomic decay. The impact is low again at highly degraded assemblages, as the taphonomic process brings shell condition to a common denominator of relatively intense degradation regardless of species. Fossil assemblages almost certainly express this continuum in some degree. The consequence is that better preserved assemblages are ones in which species can affect taphofacies character and so similar EOPs may be judged distinctive due to differential dominance by one species or another. Teasing out characteristics that might forewarn the observer in this instance is an important goal. Simulations show that low evenness is an important warning sign. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Powell, Eric N.; Ashton-Alcox, Kathryn A.] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. [Brett, Carlton E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Parsons-Hubbard, Karla M.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Callender, W. Russell] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment N SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Staff, George M.] Austin Community Coll, Dept Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Walker, Sally E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Raymond, Anne] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Powell, EN (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. EM eric@hsrl.rutgers.edu FU NOAA; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0345618]; NURP FX The submersible work required for the deployment and recovery of experiments was made possible through a series of grants from NOAA's National Undersea Research Programs at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington and at the Caribbean Marine Research Center and the National Science Foundation-Geology and Paleontology Program. Thirteen-year collections were supported by NSF grant #EAR-0345618. We would like to thank the NSF and NURP for the consistent funding of the four major field efforts that permitted deployment and recovery over such a large regional area. We particularly would like to thank the support crews of the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible and support vessel. NR 146 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 312 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 233 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.008 PG 32 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 868NX UT WOS:000298531100003 ER PT J AU Petrenko, B Ignatov, A Shabanov, N Kihai, Y AF Petrenko, B. Ignatov, A. Shabanov, N. Kihai, Y. TI Development and evaluation of SST algorithms for GOES-R ABI using MSG SEVIRI as a proxy SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sea surface temperature; MSG SEVIRI; GOES-R ABI; Regression; Optimal Estimation ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SAHARAN DUST; SATELLITES; BIASES; AATSR AB Cross-evaluation of sea surface temperature (SST) algorithms was undertaken using split-window channels of Meteosat Second Generation Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) as a proxy for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites-R (GOES-R) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The goal of the study was to select the algorithm which provides the highest and the most uniform SST accuracy within the area observed by the geostationary sensor. The previously established algorithms, such as Non-Linear Regression (NLR) and Optimal Estimation (OE) were implemented along with two new algorithms, Incremental Regression (IncR) and Corrected Non-Linear Regression (CNLR), developed within preparations for the GOES-R ABI mission. OE. IncR and CNLR adopt the first guesses for SST and brightness temperatures (BT) and retrieve deviations of SST from the first guess (increments). OE retrieves SST increments with inversion of the radiative transfer model, whereas CNLR and IncR use regression equations. The difference between CNLR and IncR is that CNLR uses NLR coefficients, whereas IncR implies optimization of coefficients specifically for incremental formulation. Accuracy and precision of SST retrievals were evaluated by comparison with drifting buoys. The major observations from this study are as follows: 1) all algorithms adopting first guesses for SST and BTs are capable of improving SST accuracy and precision over NLR; and 2) IncR delivers the highest overall SST precision and the most uniform distributions of regional SST accuracy and precision. This paper also addresses implementation and validation issues such as bias correction in simulated BTs; preserving sensitivity of incremental SST retrievals to true SST variations; and selection of criteria for optimization and validation of incremental algorithms. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Petrenko, B.; Ignatov, A.; Shabanov, N.; Kihai, Y.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Petrenko, B.; Shabanov, N.] IMSG Inc, Kensington, MD USA. [Kihai, Y.] Dell Perot Govt Syst, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Petrenko, B (reprint author), Room 601-4,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM boris.petrenko@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU GOES-R Program Office FX This work was conducted under the Algorithm Working Group (AWG) funded by the GOES-R Program Office. We thank the AWG Managers, Drs. Mitch Goldberg and Jaime Daniels, and our colleagues John Sapper (NESDIS/OSPO), XingMing Liang, Feng Xu, Prasanjit Dash (STAR/CIRA), John Stroup (STAR/SSAI), and Denise Frey (OSPO/DPGS) for their valuable assistance, discussions, and feedback at different stages of work. We also thank Professor Peter Minnett, and three anonymous reviewers of this manuscript, for their very constructive recommendations which greatly helped us to rethink and rewrite the text. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 12 BP 3647 EP 3658 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 865LB UT WOS:000298311300057 ER PT J AU Coll, M Gergel-Hackett, N Richter, CA Hacker, CA AF Coll, Mariona Gergel-Hackett, Nadine Richter, Curt A. Hacker, Christina A. TI Structural and Electrical Properties of Flip Chip Laminated Metal-Molecule-Silicon Structures Varying Molecular Backbone and Atomic Tether SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HYDROGEN-TERMINATED SILICON; BARE SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; SI(111) SURFACES; ELECTRONIC JUNCTIONS; MULTILAYER FORMATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; ALKYL MONOLAYERS AB Formation of electrical contacts to organic molecules by using a scalable technique that preserves molecular integrity is a key development toward reliable fabrication of nanoscale molecular architectures. Here we report the structural and electrical properties of metal-monolayer-silicon junctions fabricated by using Flip Chip Lamination (FCL), a novel, low cost, and nondestructive approach. The effect of junction formation is studied with both aliphatic and aromatic molecular backbones. The omega-functionalized monolayers are first formed on ultrasmooth gold via a thiol linkage and then laminated to H-Si via a thiol or alkene linkage. The application of pressure and temperature enables formation of the nanoscale molecular junctions chemically tethered to two electrodes. The molecular structure and interfacial chemistry within the electrical structure are investigated by using polarized backside-reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (pb-RAIRS) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The confined organic monolayers maintain an overall structure similar to the original self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold with small changes in the configuration of the molecular backbone attributed to lamination and bonding of the molecular terminal group to silicon and exhibiting electrical dielectric integrity. The optimal lamination conditions for each monolayer are dependent on the surface free energy, monolayer conformation, ambient conditions, and reaction of the molecular functionality with the silicon substrate. We demonstrate the structural and electrical integrity at the monolayer level of a variety of organic molecules bonded to both silicon and metal electrodes by probing the effect of molecular backbone (aliphatic vs aromatic) and molecule-electrode interface. FCL enables formation of an extended variety of molecular junctions to identify the critical factors in charge transport across metal-molecule-silicon nanoelectronic architectures. C1 [Coll, Mariona; Gergel-Hackett, Nadine; Richter, Curt A.; Hacker, Christina A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hacker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christina.hacker@nist.gov RI Coll, Mariona/C-5350-2012 OI Coll, Mariona/0000-0001-5157-7764 NR 142 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 49 BP 24353 EP 24365 DI 10.1021/jp208275c PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 856AQ UT WOS:000297609000040 ER PT J AU Godoy-Ruiz, R Krejcirikova, A Gallagher, DT Tugarinov, V AF Godoy-Ruiz, Raquel Krejcirikova, Anna Gallagher, D. Travis Tugarinov, Vitali TI Solution NMR Evidence for Symmetry in Functionally or Crystallographically Asymmetric Homodimers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-RNA-SYNTHETASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OLIGOMERIC ENZYMES; TYROSYL ADENYLATE; METHYL-GROUPS; DNA-BINDING; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; DOMAIN; CAMP AB A recurrent theme of many structural studies of homo-oligomeric protein systems is concerned with verification that the conformation observed in a crystal represents the functionally relevant structure. An asymmetric conformation adopted by two chemically identical subunits in homo-oligomers can represent an intrinsic property of a protein or be an artifact induced by crystal packing forces. Solution NMR studies can distinguish between these two possibilities. Using methyl-based NMR spectroscopy, we provide evidence for symmetry in the absence of ligands in several homodimeric proteins that are either asymmetric functionally and/or adopt different conformations of the two subunits in available X-ray structures. C1 [Godoy-Ruiz, Raquel; Krejcirikova, Anna; Tugarinov, Vitali] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gallagher, D. Travis] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tugarinov, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vitali@umd.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 14 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 49 BP 19578 EP 19581 DI 10.1021/ja206967d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 871ED UT WOS:000298719800004 PM 22074452 ER PT J AU Fister, TT Schmidt, M Fenter, P Johnson, CS Slater, MD Chan, MKY Shirley, EL AF Fister, Tim T. Schmidt, Moritz Fenter, Paul Johnson, Chris S. Slater, Michael D. Chan, Maria K. Y. Shirley, Eric L. TI Electronic structure of lithium battery interphase compounds: Comparison between inelastic x-ray scattering measurements and theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LI-ION BATTERIES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; DENSITY AB In lithium ion batteries, decomposition of the electrolyte and its associated passivation of the electrode surface occurs at low potentials, resulting in an electronically insulating, but Li-ion conducting, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The products of the SEI and their chemical constituents/properties play an important role in the long-term stability and performance of the battery. Reactivity and the sub-keV core binding energies of lithium, carbon, oxygen, and fluorine species in the SEI present technical challenges in the spectroscopy of these compounds. Using an alternative approach, non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, we examine the near-edge spectra of bulk specimens of common SEI compounds, including LiF, Li(2)CO(3), LiOH, LiOH center dot H(2)O, and Li(2)O. By working at hard x-ray energies, we also experimentally differentiate the s- and p-symmetry components of lithium's unoccupied states using the evolution of its K edge with momentum transfer. We find good agreement with theoretical spectra calculated using a Bethe-Salpeter approach in all cases. These results provide an analytical and diagnostic foundation for better understanding of the makeup of SEIs and the mechanism of their formation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3664620] C1 [Fister, Tim T.; Schmidt, Moritz; Fenter, Paul; Johnson, Chris S.; Slater, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chan, Maria K. Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shirley, Eric L.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fister, TT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fister@anl.gov RI Slater, Michael/D-5388-2012; Chan, Maria /B-7940-2011; Schmidt, Moritz/C-2610-2011; Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; OI Chan, Maria /0000-0003-0922-1363; Schmidt, Moritz/0000-0002-8419-0811; Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Fenter, Paul/0000-0002-6672-9748 FU Center for Electrical Energy Storage-Tailored Interfaces, an Energy Frontier Research Center; (U.S.) Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 06CH11]; (U.S.) Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; (U.S.) Department of Energy; NSERC FX This research was supported as a part of the Center for Electrical Energy Storage-Tailored Interfaces, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the (U.S.) Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-AC02- 06CH11. The use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the (U.S.) Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The beamline staff at 20ID, Advanced Photon Source provided valuable assistance. Research at sector 20 is supported by the (U.S.) Department of Energy, NSERC, and its founding institutions. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 54 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 22 AR 224513 DI 10.1063/1.3664620 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 864OX UT WOS:000298250600037 PM 22168709 ER PT J AU Thompson, WE Jacox, ME AF Thompson, Warren E. Jacox, Marilyn E. TI The infrared spectrum of NN center dot center dot center dot CO+ trapped in solid neon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; NEUTRAL REACTION-PRODUCTS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; NITROSYL CYANIDE; IONS; ENERGY; MATRICES; N2CO; 4-K; (H2O)-O-16 AB Codeposition of a Ne:N-2:CO = 200:1:1 mixture at 4.3 K with a beam of very pure neon atoms excited to their energy levels between 16.6 and 16.85 eV leads to stabilization in the resulting solid of sufficient NNCO+ for detection of its NN- and CO-stretching vibration fundamentals. Detailed isotopic substitution studies and density functional calculations for the various isotopologues support the identification of NNCO+ and permit estimation of the positions of two of its low-frequency fundamentals. A sufficient concentration of NOCN is also stabilized in the neon matrix for detection of its NO-stretching vibrational fundamental. [doi: 10.1063/1.3666046] C1 [Thompson, Warren E.; Jacox, Marilyn E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thompson, WE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 22 AR 224307 DI 10.1063/1.3666046 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 864OX UT WOS:000298250600022 PM 22168694 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Smith, JA Baeck, ML Marchok, T Vecchi, GA AF Villarini, Gabriele Smith, James A. Baeck, Mary Lynn Marchok, Timothy Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Characterization of rainfall distribution and flooding associated with US landfalling tropical cyclones: Analyses of Hurricanes Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne (2004) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL TRAP TECHNIQUE; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; EXTREME RAINFALL; FLOYD 1999; PART I; TRMM; EVOLUTION AB Rainfall and flooding associated with landfalling tropical cyclones are examined through empirical analyses of three hurricanes (Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne) that affected large portions of the eastern U. S. during September 2004. Three rainfall products are considered for the analyses: NLDAS, Stage IV, and TMPA. Each of these products has strengths and weaknesses related to their spatio-temporal resolution and accuracy in estimating rainfall. Based on our analyses, we recommend using the Stage IV product when studying rainfall distribution in landfalling tropical cyclones due to its fine spatial and temporal resolutions (about 4-km and hourly) and accuracy, and the capability of estimating rainfall up to 150 km from the coast. Lagrangian analyses of rainfall distribution relative to the track of the storm are developed to represent evolution of the temporal and spatial structure of rainfall. Analyses highlight the profound changes in rainfall distribution near landfall, the changing contributions to the rainfall field from eyewall convection, inner rain bands and outer rain bands, and the key role of orographic amplification of rainfall. We also present new methods for examining spatial extreme of flooding from tropical cyclones and illustrate the links between evolving rainfall structure and spatial extent of flooding. C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Smith, James A.; Baeck, Mary Lynn] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Willis Res Network, London, England. [Marchok, Timothy; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM gvillari@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network; National Science Foundation [EAR-0847347, CMMI-0653772]; NASA FX This research was funded in part by the Willis Research Network, the National Science Foundation (grant EAR-0847347 and grant CMMI-0653772), and NASA. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D23116 DI 10.1029/2011JD016175 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864QC UT WOS:000298253800003 ER PT J AU Hu, HG Wang, J Wang, DR AF Hu, Haoguo Wang, Jia Wang, Dao-Ru TI A model-data study of the 1999 St. Lawrence Island polynya in the Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN COUPLED MODEL; ICE COVER; LABRADOR SEA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; THICKNESS; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; PACIFIC; ALASKAN; LAYER AB A Coupled Ice Ocean Model (CIOM) and in situ measurements were used to investigate sea ice and the St. Lawrence Island polynya (SLIP) in the Bering Sea in 1999. The modeled 1999 seasonal cycle of ice cover compared well with satellite measurements. The simulated maximum sea ice coverage was similar to 0.8 x 10(6) km(2), and the simulated maximum sea ice volume was similar to 344 km(3). The polynya south of St. Lawrence Island was captured by the CIOM and investigated in depth against the measurements. It was found that an offshore wind was necessary, but not sufficient on its own, for the development of the SLIP. It was found that a strong offshore wind, offshore surface water velocity, and the angle (<60 degrees) between wind and water current are the three major factors for the development of the SLIP. Multiple-variable, linear regression models were developed to confirm these three mechanisms. Yearly potential sea ice production in the SLIP area was estimated to be about 95.7 km(3), which accounts for 2.8% of the total potential production of 3393 km(3) in the whole Bering Sea. Sea ice contributes to approximately 63% of winter salinity changes in the Bering Shelf (<200 m), while the SLIP can contribute more than twice the local salinity changes. The relationships among wind, sea ice, and surface ocean current were examined. The classic Ekman drift theory (that surface water velocity drifts 45 degrees to the right of the wind direction) is modified to be 50.4 degrees on the ice-covered Bering Shelf due to the year-round existence of a background northward ocean transport. C1 [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wang, Dao-Ru] Hainan Marine Dev & Design Inst, Haikou 570125, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM hghu@umich.edu; jia.wang@noaa.gov FU NOAA RUSALCA FX We appreciate support from NOAA RUSALCA (Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic) International Polar Year modeling project. Thanks also go to Seth Danielson for providing the data and comments on the first draft, Xuezhi Bai for conducting the regression model simulations, and Cathy Darnell and Ray Assel for editing this manuscript. This is GLERL contribution 1602. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 14 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C12018 DI 10.1029/2011JC007309 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 864PS UT WOS:000298252800002 ER PT J AU Scholz, NL Myers, MS McCarthy, SG Labenia, JS McIntyre, JK Ylitalo, GM Rhodes, LD Laetz, CA Stehr, CM French, BL McMillan, B Wilson, D Reed, L Lynch, KD Damm, S Davis, JW Collier, TK AF Scholz, Nathaniel L. Myers, Mark S. McCarthy, Sarah G. Labenia, Jana S. McIntyre, Jenifer K. Ylitalo, Gina M. Rhodes, Linda D. Laetz, Cathy A. Stehr, Carla M. French, Barbara L. McMillan, Bill Wilson, Dean Reed, Laura Lynch, Katherine D. Damm, Steve Davis, Jay W. Collier, Tracy K. TI Recurrent Die-Offs of Adult Coho Salmon Returning to Spawn in Puget Sound Lowland Urban Streams SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FRASER-RIVER; STORM WATER; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; METALS; ASSAY AB Several Seattle-area streams in Puget Sound were the focus of habitat restoration projects in the 1990s. Post-project effectiveness monitoring surveys revealed anomalous behaviors among adult coho salmon returning to spawn in restored reaches. These included erratic surface swimming, gaping, fin splaying, and loss of orientation and equilibrium. Affected fish died within hours, and female carcasses generally showed high rates (>90%) of egg retention. Beginning in the fall of 2002, systematic spawner surveys were conducted to 1) assess the severity of the adult die-offs, 2) compare spawner mortality in urban vs. non-urban streams, and 3) identify water quality and spawner condition factors that might be associated with the recurrent fish kills. The forensic investigation focused on conventional water quality parameters (e. g., dissolved oxygen, temperature, ammonia), fish condition, pathogen exposure and disease status, and exposures to metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and current use pesticides. Daily surveys of a representative urban stream (Longfellow Creek) from 2002-2009 revealed premature spawner mortality rates that ranged from 60-100% of each fall run. The comparable rate in a non-urban stream was,1% (Fortson Creek, surveyed in 2002). Conventional water quality, pesticide exposure, disease, and spawner condition showed no relationship to the syndrome. Coho salmon did show evidence of exposure to metals and petroleum hydrocarbons, both of which commonly originate from motor vehicles in urban landscapes. The weight of evidence suggests that freshwater-transitional coho are particularly vulnerable to an as-yet unidentified toxic contaminant (or contaminant mixture) in urban runoff. Stormwater may therefore place important constraints on efforts to conserve and recover coho populations in urban and urbanizing watersheds throughout the western United States. C1 [Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Myers, Mark S.; Labenia, Jana S.; McIntyre, Jenifer K.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Rhodes, Linda D.; Laetz, Cathy A.; Stehr, Carla M.; French, Barbara L.; Collier, Tracy K.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [McCarthy, Sarah G.; Wilson, Dean] King Cty, Dept Nat Resources & Pk, Seattle, WA USA. [McMillan, Bill] Wild Fish Conservancy, Duvall, WA USA. [Reed, Laura; Lynch, Katherine D.] City Seattle, Seattle Publ Util, Seattle, WA USA. [Damm, Steve; Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM Nathaniel.Scholz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013; OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Contaminants Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region; King Conservation District FX This project received agency funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Coastal Storms Program), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Contaminants Program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, and the King Conservation District. Funds were delivered via interagency agreements, so grant numbers are not applicable. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 72 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 14 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 12 AR e28013 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0028013 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 866GS UT WOS:000298369100018 PM 22194802 ER PT J AU Yin, BS Min, QL Duan, MZ Bartholomew, MJ Vogelmann, AM Turner, DD AF Yin, Bangsheng Min, Qilong Duan, Minzheng Bartholomew, M. J. Vogelmann, A. M. Turner, D. D. TI Retrievals of cloud optical depth and effective radius from Thin-Cloud Rotating Shadowband Radiometer measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; AEROSOL; INSTRUMENT; AUREOLE; LIDAR AB A Thin-Cloud Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (TCRSR) was developed and deployed in a field test at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility's Southern Great Plains site. The TCRSR measures the forward-scattering lobe of the direct solar beam (i.e., the solar aureole) through an optically thin cloud (optical depth < 8). We applied the retrieval algorithm of Min and Duan (2005) to the TCRSR measurements of the solar aureole to derive simultaneously the cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud drop effective radius (DER), subsequently inferring the cloud liquid-water path (LWP). After careful calibration and preprocessing, our results indicate that the TCRSR is able to retrieve simultaneously these three properties for optically thin water clouds. Colocated instruments, such as the MultiFilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI), and Microwave Radiometer (MWR), are used to evaluate our retrieval results. The relative difference between retrieved CODs from the TCRSR and those from the MFRSR is less than 5%. The distribution of retrieved LWPs from the TCRSR is similar to those from the MWR and AERI. The differences between the TCRSR-based retrieved DERs and those from the AERI are apparent in some time periods, and the uncertainties of the DER retrievals are discussed in detail in this article. C1 [Yin, Bangsheng; Min, Qilong] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Duan, Minzheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Observat, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Bartholomew, M. J.; Vogelmann, A. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Turner, D. D.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI USA. RP Yin, BS (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM min@asrc.albany.edu RI Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014 OI Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423 FU U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-FG02-03ER63531]; NOAA; Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; [DE-FG02-08ER64538] FX We thank R. M. Reynolds for his assistance in examining the sweep behavior. The data used in these analyses were from the U.S. Department of Energy's ACRF site at the SGP. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research program (Office of Science, OBER) under contract DE-FG02-03ER63531 and by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) under cooperative agreements NA17AE1625 and NA17AE1623; contributions from M.J.B. and A. M. V. were supported by DE-AC02-98CH10886, and contributions from D. D. T. were supported by DE-FG02-08ER64538. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D23208 DI 10.1029/2011JD016192 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864QB UT WOS:000298253700003 ER PT J AU Zou, CZ Wang, WH AF Zou, Cheng-Zhi Wang, Wenhui TI Intersatellite calibration of AMSU-A observations for weather and climate applications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; MSU CHANNEL-2; SATELLITE; TEMPERATURES; CONSTRUCTION; VALIDATION; SOUNDERS; SYSTEM; TOVS AB Long-term observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) onboard polar-orbiting satellites NOAA 15, 16, 17, and 18 and European Meteorological Operational satellite program-A (MetOp-A) were intercalibrated using their overlap observations. Simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNOs) and global ocean mean differences between these satellites were used to characterize calibration errors and to obtain calibration coefficients. Calibration errors were found manifesting themselves as certain scatter or temporal patterns of intersatellite biases, such as well-defined seasonal cycles in the Arctic and Antarctic SNO difference time series or a unique pattern closely correlated to the instrument temperature variability induced by Solar Beta Angle (SBA) variations in global ocean mean difference time series. Analyses of these patterns revealed five different types of biases that need to be removed from existing prelaunch-calibrated AMSU-A observations, which include relatively stable intersatellite biases between most satellite pairs, bias drifts on NOAA 16 and channel 7 of MetOp-A, sun-heating-induced instrument temperature variability in radiances, scene temperature dependency in biases due to inaccurate calibration nonlinearity, and biases due to channel frequency shift from its prelaunch measurement in certain satellite channels. Level-1c time-dependent calibration offsets and nonlinear coefficients were introduced and determined from SNO and global ocean mean temperature regressions to remove or minimize the first four types of biases. Channel frequency shift in NOAA 15 channel 6 was obtained from the radiative transfer model simulation experiments. The new calibration coefficients and channel frequency values have significantly reduced the five different types of biases and resulted in more consistent multisatellite radiance observations for intercalibrated satellite channels. The intercalibrated AMSU-A observations have been merged with its precursor, the intercalibrated microwave sounding unit (MSU), to generate the NOAA/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) version 2.0 upper-air temperature climate data record (CDR) for climate trend and variability monitoring from 1979 to the present. The intercalibrated AMSU-A radiance data are expected to further improve accuracies of numerical weather prediction and consistencies in climate reanalysis and CDR developments. C1 [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Wenhui] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, NOAA Sci Ctr, Room 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM cheng-zhi.zou@noaa.gov RI Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 FU NOAA [NESDIS-NESDISPO-2009-2001589 (SDS-09-15)] FX The authors thank Tom Kleespies for providing the code for the Solar Beta Angle computation. The authors also thank Yong Han and Yong Chen for providing CRTM training data sets for related computations. Review comments from Jerry Sullivan, Paul Poli, and the three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. The work is supported by NOAA grant NESDIS-NESDISPO-2009-2001589 (SDS-09-15). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D23113 DI 10.1029/2011JD016205 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864QB UT WOS:000298253700004 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Dryer, M Wu, ST Wood, BE Fry, CD Liou, K Plunkett, S AF Wu, Chin-Chun Dryer, Murray Wu, S. T. Wood, Brian E. Fry, Craig D. Liou, Kan Plunkett, Simon TI Global three-dimensional simulation of the interplanetary evolution of the observed geoeffective coronal mass ejection during the epoch 1-4 August 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD CHANGES; SOLAR-WIND MODEL; MHD SIMULATION; 1 AU; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; TIME; HELIOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; EARTH; TRANSPORT AB Several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were observed during 1-4 August 2010. At similar to 17:12 UT on 3 August 2010, the Wind spacecraft detected an interplanetary shock followed by two magnetic cloud-like (MCL) structures that induced geomagnetic activity. The geomagnetic index, Dst, dropped to -65 nT while one of the MCLs passed through the magnetosphere. A global, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical model and a kinematic model (HAFv.2), with inputs based on actual solar observations, were used to simulate the response of the three-dimensional heliosphere. HAFv.2 and MHD models were used to simulate regions from 2.5 to 18 solar radii (R(s)) and 18 to 285 R(s), respectively. A velocity pulse was used to simulate the major CME on 1 August 2010. The solar disturbances were injected into the lower boundary at 2.5 R(s). It is found that the background solar wind plays an important role in the evolution of this CME on its way to Earth. We compared the derived solar wind parameters (density, velocity, magnetic field, and temperature) with in situ observations from Wind near Earth. The simulation demonstrates a useful tool to link the general case of ICME at 1 AU to their solar sources. Simulation results also show that adiabatic value of gamma = 5/3 seems to be appropriate for ideal MHD simulation studies of solar wind at 1 AU. C1 [Wu, Chin-Chun; Wood, Brian E.; Plunkett, Simon] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fry, Craig D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Dryer, Murray] Univ Alabama Huntsville, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Liou, Kan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chin-chin.wu@nrl.navy.mil RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 FU NASA [NNH09AM46I]; NRL ISES; AFOSR [FA9950-07-1-0468]; NSF [ATM0754278, AGS-0964396]; NASA/EPSCor [NNx09AP74A]; University of Alabama in Huntsville under NASA [NNx09AP74A, SUB2010-045] FX We thank the Wind PI team and National Space Science Data Center at Goddard Space Flight Center for management and providing Wind plasma and magnetic field solar wind data. This study is supported partially by NASA's LWS program via grants NNH09AM46I (C.-C. W.), and NRL ISES program (C.-C. W., B. W., and S. P.). S. T. W. is supported by AFOSR FA9950-07-1-0468, NSF ATM0754278, and NASA/EPSCor-2009, NNx09AP74A grant. C. D. Fry's participation is supported by University of Alabama in Huntsville subaward SUB2010-045 under NASA grant NNX09AP74A. K. L. is supported by the NSF grant AGS-0964396 to JHUAPL. The Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry solar wind model version 2 (HAFv2) was provided to NRL/SSD by a software license from Exploration Physics International, Inc. (EXPI). NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A12103 DI 10.1029/2011JA016947 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 864TE UT WOS:000298262200002 ER PT J AU Calkins, B Lita, AE Fox, AE Nam, SW AF Calkins, Brice Lita, Adriana E. Fox, Anna E. Nam, Sae Woo TI Faster recovery time of a hot-electron transition-edge sensor by use of normal metal heat-sinks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; DETECTOR AB Transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters with recovery times near 1 mu s have become highly desirable in quantum science applications as near-infrared single-photon detectors with photon-number resolving capability. Previously, the recovery times of these devices could be decreased only by changing device material or modifying the superconducting-to-normal transition. We demonstrate a method for improving this speed that uses a normal-metal heat-sink. This demonstration with tungsten devices realizes a factor of 4 decrease in recovery time without significantly affecting energy resolution. Our approach may enable the creation of high-efficiency transition-edge sensors with decay times short enough to operate with 80 MHz pulsed single-photon sources. [doi:10.1063/1.3659686] C1 [Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana E.; Fox, Anna E.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Calkins, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brice.calkins@nist.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 24 AR 241114 DI 10.1063/1.3659686 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864QG UT WOS:000298254200014 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Fischbach, E Buncher, JB Jenkins, JH Yue, A AF Lindstrom, Richard M. Fischbach, Ephraim Buncher, John B. Jenkins, Jere H. Yue, Andrew TI Absence of a self-induced decay effect in Au-198 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Beta decays; Neutrinos; Nuclear decay lifetimes ID POWER SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR DECAY; RATES; ANTINEUTRINOS; PERTURBATION AB We report the results of an improved experiment aimed at determining whether the half-life (T-1/2) of Au-198 depends on the shape of the source. In this experiment, the half-lives of a gold sphere and a thin gold wire were measured after each had been irradiated in the NIST Center for Neutron Research. In comparison to an earlier version of this experiment, both the specific activities of the samples and their relative surface/volume ratios have been increased, leading to an improved test for the hypothesized self-induced decay (SID) effect. We find T-1/2(sphere)/T-1/2(wire) = (0.9993 +/- 0.0002), which is compatible with no SID effect. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fischbach, Ephraim] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lindstrom, Richard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Buncher, John B.] Wittenberg Univ, Dept Phys, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. [Jenkins, Jere H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yue, Andrew] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Fischbach, E (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ephraim@purdue.edu OI Yue, Andrew/0000-0001-5340-8470 FU USDOE [DE-AC02-76ER071428] FX We thank R.F. Fleming, G.L. Greene, and D.E. Krause for useful discussions during the course of this work. Contributions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology are not subject to U.S. copyright. The work of E.F. is supported in part by USDOE contract no. DE-AC02-76ER071428. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2011 VL 659 IS 1 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.08.046 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 858TR UT WOS:000297826100034 ER PT J AU Copley, JRD AF Copley, J. R. D. TI Acceptance diagram calculations of the performance of neutron removal mirrors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Neutron removal mirror; Low energy neutron scattering; Neutron reflectivity; Acceptance diagrams; Ray-tracing calculations ID GUIDE SYSTEMS; CHOPPER SPECTROMETERS; SIMULATION; GAIN AB We have used the method of acceptance diagrams to compute the performance of low energy neutron removal mirrors, or "deflectors", placed within a parallel neutron guide. Such devices are typically used to remove long wavelength neutrons from cold neutron beams. With appropriate coatings they may also be used as low energy neutron polarizers, ideally transmitting one spin state and reflecting the other spin state out of the beam. Within the small angle approximation, ignoring absorption, and representing reflectivities using unit step functions (either 0% or 100%, depending on the angle of incidence and the critical angle), the transmission probability reduces to a function of 3 ratios among 4 angles: the inclination angle of the deflector and the critical angles (which are proportional to neutron wavelength) of the upstream entrance guide, the deflector, and the guide within which the deflector is placed. The results of the acceptance diagram calculations, and of complementary ray-tracing calculations using realistic reflectivity profiles for the deflector, should benefit scientists and engineers involved in the design of neutron scattering instruments that potentially incorporate neutron deflectors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Copley, JRD (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.copley@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2011 VL 659 IS 1 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.08.008 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 858TR UT WOS:000297826100056 ER PT J AU Simon, JB Armitage, PJ Beckwith, K AF Simon, Jacob B. Armitage, Philip J. Beckwith, Kris TI TURBULENT LINEWIDTHS IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS: PREDICTIONS FROM NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; line: profiles; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); protoplanetary disks; turbulence ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; STRATIFIED ACCRETION DISKS; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; T TAURI DISKS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; LAYERED ACCRETION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS AB Submillimeter observations of protoplanetary disks now approach the acuity needed to measure the turbulent broadening of molecular lines. These measurements constrain disk angular momentum transport, and furnish evidence of the turbulent environment within which planetesimal formation takes place. We use local magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) to predict the distribution of turbulent velocities in low-mass protoplanetary disks, as a function of radius and height above the mid-plane. We model both ideal MHD disks and disks in which Ohmic dissipation results in a dead zone of suppressed turbulence near the mid-plane. Under ideal conditions, the disk mid-plane is characterized by a velocity distribution that peaks near v similar or equal to 0.1c(s) (where c(s) is the local sound speed), while supersonic velocities are reached at z > 3H (where H is the vertical pressure scale height). Residual velocities of v approximate to 10(-2) c(s) persist near the mid-plane in dead zones, while the surface layers remain active. Anisotropic variation of the linewidth with disk inclination is modest. We compare our MHD results to hydrodynamic simulations in which large-scale forcing is used to initiate similar turbulent velocities. We show that the qualitative trend of increasing v with height, seen in the MHD case, persists for forced turbulence and is likely a generic property of disk turbulence. Percentage level determinations of v at different heights within the disk, or spatially resolved observations that probe the inner disk containing the dead zone region, are therefore needed to test whether the MRI is responsible for protoplanetary disk turbulence. C1 [Simon, Jacob B.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Simon, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jbsimon@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF [AST-0807471, AST-0907872]; NASA [NNX09AB90G]; Texas Advanced Computing Center; National Institute for Computational Science [TG-AST090106] FX We thank Meredith Hughes, Tilman Birnstiel, Charles Gammie, and John Hawley for useful discussions and suggestions regarding this work. We also thank the anonymous referee whose comments greatly improved this paper. We acknowledge support from the NSF (AST-0807471, AST-0907872), from NASA's Origins of Solar Systems program (NNX09AB90G), from NASA's Astrophysics Theory program (NNX11AE12G), and from the NSF through TeraGrid resources provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center and the National Institute for Computational Science under grant number TG-AST090106. We also acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC and visualization resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper. Computations were also performed on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2011 VL 743 IS 1 AR 17 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/17 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 853EF UT WOS:000297408300017 ER PT J AU Campbell, MD Rose, K Boswell, K Cowan, J AF Campbell, Matthew D. Rose, Kenneth Boswell, Kevin Cowan, James TI Individual-based modeling of an artificial reef fish community: Effects of habitat quantity and degree of refuge SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE IBM; Movement; Bioenergetics; Red snapper; Artificial reefs; Competition; Predation prey halos ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PINFISH LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES; RED SNAPPER; NORTHERN GULF; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; PREDATION RISK; UNITED-STATES; NATURAL REEF; GROWTH; ASSEMBLAGES AB Artificial reefs are often deployed as fishery management tools, and yet there is substantial lack of understanding and agreement on how reefs affect fish population and community dynamics. We developed and applied a multi-species, individual-based model to examine the long-term effects of increasing number of reefs on fish weight, abundance, and biomass. The model simulated the population dynamics of three fish species for 50 years on a 2-dimensional spatial grid. Growth, mortality, and movement were computed each hour for individuals of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), a croaker-like species (Micropogonias chromis), and a pinfish-like species (Lagodon rhomboides). We also included individuals of two other species (bluefish - Pomatomus saltatrix and a generic jack-like species), but only simulated their hourly movement and their effects on prey and predation of the focal species. The densities of five prey groups were simulated independently in each cell. Our results showed that increasing the number of reefs generally produced higher biomass, but at the cost of slower growth, and smaller individuals. Abundance was higher under fixed-AR recruitment and maximum refuge treatments. In all treatments there were diminishing returns on abundance and biomass with increasing number of artificial reefs. Experiment 2 showed that model results based on regularly spaced reefs were consistent with a real layout of reefs currently being sampled in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Management strategies for determining the habitat-value of reefs in the Gulf of Mexico should consider the number of reefs and the local spatial layout of the reefs to ensure they are optimally arranged. Field experiments performed should assist in resolving how fish recruit to artificial reefs and help determine their roles as fish refuges. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Campbell, Matthew D.; Rose, Kenneth; Boswell, Kevin; Cowan, James] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Campbell, MD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS USA. EM matthew.d.campbell@noaa.gov RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016; OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541; Campbell, Matthew/0000-0002-0087-5291 NR 51 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 23-24 BP 3895 EP 3909 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.10.009 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 867LE UT WOS:000298455100009 ER PT J AU Alken, P Maus, S Richmond, AD Maute, A AF Alken, P. Maus, S. Richmond, A. D. Maute, A. TI The ionospheric gravity and diamagnetic current systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FIELD; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERIC CURRENTS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; 11TH GENERATION; ELECTRODYNAMICS; PRESSURE AB Large-scale currents in the ionosphere are driven by a variety of sources, including neutral winds, gravity, and plasma pressure gradients. While the stronger daytime wind-driven currents have been extensively studied, gravity and diamagnetic currents in the ionosphere have received very little attention but can have substantial effects even during the night. With the availability of a new generation of magnetic field models based on high-accuracy satellite magnetic measurements, it becomes increasingly important to account for these smaller current systems. In this work, we use the stand-alone NCAR TIEGCM electrodynamics solver along with empirical density, wind, and temperature inputs to model the global current systems caused by gravity and diamagnetism in the F region ionosphere and calculate their magnetic perturbations. These results allow us for the first time to visualize the global structure of these currents and quantify their magnetic perturbations. We find a significantly higher gravity-driven current during the night than one would expect from the lower conductivity which is primarily due to a Pedersen current driven by polarization charges in the predawn sector. We find some discrepancies between the diamagnetic perturbation and a theoretical prediction which could be a result of magnetic tension due to the curvature of the geomagnetic field lines. These results will allow geomagnetic field modelers to account for these important current systems and create more accurate models. This work will also be crucial in analyzing ionospheric magnetic field measurements from upcoming satellite missions such as Swarm. C1 [Alken, P.; Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Richmond, A. D.; Maute, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Alken, P (reprint author), NOAA E GC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM patrick.alken@noaa.gov OI Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023 FU NASA [NNX08AG09G]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AG09G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We would also like to thank Wenbin Wang for helpful comments on an earlier draft. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A12316 DI 10.1029/2011JA017126 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 860WQ UT WOS:000297979400006 ER PT J AU Waters, JF Millero, FJ Sabine, CL AF Waters, Jason F. Millero, Frank J. Sabine, Christopher L. TI Changes in South Pacific anthropogenic carbon SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; SEAWATER; WATER; CALCIFICATION; MARINE; CALIBRATION; TRANSPORT; INCREASE AB The changes in anthropogenic CO2 are evaluated in the South Pacific, along the meridional line P18 (110 degrees W) and the zonal line P06 (32 degrees S), using the extended multiple linear regression (eMLR) method. The structure of the column inventory of anthropogenic CO2 on P18 is similar to the southern section of P16 in the central South Pacific (150 W), but the overall increase is greater by approximately 5-10 mu mol kg(-1). The value of the anthropogenic CO2 inventory on P18 is in agreement at the crossover point of an earlier evaluation of P06. Subsequent changes in pH due to the increase in anthropogenic CO2 are also evaluated. The change in pH is determined from the changes in anthropogenic CO2 and do not reflect variability in other decadal signals. For both cruise tracks, the average annual change in pH is -0.0016 mol kg(-1) yr(-1). This value is in good agreement with the average decrease in pH in the North Pacific, at the Hawaii Times Series and the subtropical North Atlantic. The uptake rates of anthropogenic CO2 are within reasonable agreement with similar studies in the South Pacific. There is evidence for greater uptake of anthropogenic CO2 in the western South Pacific and is attributed to the formation of subtropical Mode Water in the region. C1 [Waters, Jason F.; Millero, Frank J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Waters, JF (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Science Foundation Chemical Oceanography section; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Climate Observations FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation Chemical Oceanography section and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Climate Observations for supporting our CO2 studies. We would also like to thank Samar Khatiwala for making the code available for calculation of the TTD and providing assistance with the calculations. This is PMEL publication number 3709. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 10 PY 2011 VL 25 AR GB4011 DI 10.1029/2010GB003988 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 860VS UT WOS:000297976900001 ER PT J AU Liu, ZQ Liu, QH Lin, HC Schwartz, CS Lee, YH Wang, TJ AF Liu, Zhiquan Liu, Quanhua Lin, Hui-Chuan Schwartz, Craig S. Lee, Yen-Huei Wang, Tijian TI Three-dimensional variational assimilation of MODIS aerosol optical depth: Implementation and application to a dust storm over East Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; TRANSPORT MODEL; OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION; GOCART MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; PART I; RETRIEVALS; RADIANCES; EMISSIONS; SATELLITE AB Assimilation of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) total aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval products (at 550 nm wavelength) from both Terra and Aqua satellites have been developed within the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system. This newly developed algorithm allows, in a one-step procedure, the analysis of 3-D mass concentration of 14 aerosol variables from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) module. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) was extended to calculate AOD using GOCART aerosol variables as input. Both the AOD forward model and corresponding Jacobian model were developed within the CRTM and used in the 3DVAR minimization algorithm to compute the AOD cost function and its gradient with respect to 3-D aerosol mass concentration. The impact of MODIS AOD data assimilation was demonstrated by application to a dust storm from 17 to 24 March 2010 over East Asia. The aerosol analyses initialized Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF/Chem) model forecasts. Results indicate that assimilating MODIS AOD substantially improves aerosol analyses and subsequent forecasts when compared to MODIS AOD, independent AOD observations from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument, and surface PM10 (particulate matter with diameters less than 10 mu m) observations. The newly developed AOD data assimilation system can serve as a tool to improve simulations of dust storms and general air quality analyses and forecasts. C1 [Liu, Zhiquan; Lin, Hui-Chuan; Schwartz, Craig S.; Lee, Yen-Huei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Tijian] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Liu, ZQ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM liuz@ucar.edu RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X FU Air Force Weather Agency; National Key Basic Research Development Program of China [2011CB403406, 2010CB428503]; National Science Foundation FX We are grateful to the Air Force Weather Agency for funding this work. Tijian Wang was partly supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China (2011CB403406, 2010CB428503). AERONET Principal Investigators are also thanked for making their data available. Three anonymous reviewers provided very valuable comments and helped improve this manuscript. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 75 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 9 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 9 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D23206 DI 10.1029/2011JD016159 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861DE UT WOS:000297998400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Kalvapalle, P Douglas, JF AF Zhang, Hao Kalvapalle, Pranav Douglas, Jack F. TI String-Like Collective Atomic Motion in the Melting and Freezing of Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; COOPERATIVE MOTION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; POLYMER GLASSES; 2 DIMENSIONS; TEMPERATURE AB The melting of a solid represents a transition between a solid state in which atoms are localized about fixed average crystal lattice positions to a fluid state that is characterized by relative atomic disorder and particle mobility so that the atoms wander around the material as a whole, impelled by the random thermal impulses of surrounding atoms. Despite the fundamental nature and practical importance of this particle delocalization transition, there is still no fundamental theory of melting and instead one often relies on the semi-phenomenological Lindemann-Gilvarry criterion to estimate roughly the melting point as an instability of the crystal lattice. Even the earliest simulations of melting in hexagonally packed hard discs by Alder and Wainwright indicated the active role of nonlocal collective atomic motions in the melting process, and here we utilize molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to determine whether the collective particle motion observed in melting has a similar geometrical form as those in recent studies of nanoparticle (NP) interfacial dynamics and the molecular dynamics of metastable glass-forming liquids. We indeed find string-like collective atomic motion in NP melting that is remarkably similar in form to the collective interfacial motions in NPs at equilibrium and to the collective motions found in the molecular dynamics of glass-forming liquids. We also find that the spatial localization and extent of string-like motion in the course of NP melting and freezing evolves with time in distinct ways. Specifically, the collective atomic motion propagates from the NP surface and from within the NP in melting and freezing, respectively, and the average string length varies smoothly with time during melting. In contrast, the string-like cooperative motion peaks in an intermediate stage of the freezing process, reflecting a general asymmetry in the dynamics of NP superheating and supercooling. C1 [Zhang, Hao; Kalvapalle, Pranav] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM hao.zhang@ualberta.ca; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the Discovery Grant program; NIH [1 R01 EB006398-01A1] FX H.Z. and P.K. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the Discovery Grant program. J.F.D. acknowledges support of this work under the NIH grant (1 R01 EB006398-01A1). NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 8 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 48 BP 14068 EP 14076 DI 10.1021/jp203765x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 853SO UT WOS:000297446200042 PM 21718061 ER PT J AU Wineland, D AF Wineland, David TI Norman Ramsey (1915-2011) OBITUARY SO NATURE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wineland, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.wineland@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 8 PY 2011 VL 480 IS 7376 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 857TR UT WOS:000297744200034 PM 22158235 ER PT J AU Catherinot, J Prigent, C Maurer, R Papa, F Jimenez, C Aires, F Rossow, WB AF Catherinot, J. Prigent, C. Maurer, R. Papa, F. Jimenez, C. Aires, F. Rossow, W. B. TI Evaluation of "all weather" microwave-derived land surface temperatures with in situ CEOP measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INFRARED SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; TRACK SCANNING RADIOMETER; BAYESIAN STATISTICS; WATER-VAPOR; ISCCP; RETRIEVAL; EMISSIVITIES; INFORMATION; VALIDATION AB Land surface skin temperature Ts plays a key role in meteorological and climatological processes but the availability and the accuracy of Ts measurements over land are still limited, especially under cloudy conditions. Ts estimates from infrared satellite observations can only be derived under clear sky. Passive microwave measurements are much less affected by clouds and can provide Ts regardless of the cloud conditions. A neural network inversion including first guess information has been previously developed to retrieve Ts, along with atmospheric water vapor, cloud liquid water, and surface emissivities over land from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager measurements, with a spatial resolution of 0.25 x 0.25, at least twice daily. In this study, Ts estimates are evaluated through careful comparisons with in situ measurements in different environments over a full annual cycle. Under clear sky conditions, the quality of our microwave neural network retrieval is equivalent to the infrared International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project products, for most in situ stations, with errors similar to 3 K as compared to in situ measurements. The performance of the microwave algorithm is similar under clear and cloudy conditions, confirming the potential of the microwaves under clouds. The Ts accuracy does not depend upon the surface emissivity, as the variability of this parameter is accounted for in the processing. Our microwave Ts have been calculated for more than 15 years (1993 to mid-2008). These "all weather" Ts are a very valuable complement to the IR-derived Ts, for use in atmospheric and surface models. C1 [Catherinot, J.; Papa, F.; Rossow, W. B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Catherinot, J.; Prigent, C.; Jimenez, C.; Aires, F.] CNRS, Observ Paris, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Maurer, R.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Aires, F.] Estellus, F-75002 Paris, France. RP Catherinot, J (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM catherine.prigent@obspm.fr RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; FU NASA [NNXD7A090G]; NASA Energy and Water Study (NEWS) FX The authors wish to thank Thomas Holmes and Tom Jackson for their careful reading of the manuscript and their very valuable comments. They are also thankful to three anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and interesting suggestions. Work on this study by Catherinot and Rossow was supported by NASA grant NNXD7A090G, the NASA Energy and Water Study (NEWS). NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 6 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D23105 DI 10.1029/2011JD016439 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861CU UT WOS:000297997400001 ER PT J AU Fabiano, S Wang, H Piliego, C Jaye, C Fischer, DA Chen, ZH Pignataro, B Facchetti, A Loo, YL Loi, MA AF Fabiano, Simone Wang, He Piliego, Claudia Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Chen, Zhihua Pignataro, Bruno Facchetti, Antonio Loo, Yueh-Lin Loi, Maria Antonietta TI Supramolecular Order of Solution-Processed Perylenediimide Thin Films: High-Performance Small-Channel n-Type Organic Transistors SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE supramolecular electronics; solution processes; charge injection; organic transistors ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SCALING BEHAVIOR; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ACTIVE LAYERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GROWTH; MOBILITY; MORPHOLOGY AB N,N'-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenecarboxydiimide (PDIF-CN(2)), a soluble and air stable n-type molecule, undergoes significant reorganization upon thermal annealing after solution deposition on several substrates with different surface energies. Interestingly, this system exhibits an exceptional edge-on orientation regardless of the substrate chemistry. This preferential orientation is rationalized in terms of strong intermolecular interactions between the PDIF-CN(2) molecules. The presence of a pronounced pp stacking is confirmed by combining near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), dynamic scanning force microscopy (SFM) and surface energy measurements. The remarkable charge carrier mobility measured in field-effect transistors, using both bottom- and top-contact (bottom-gate) configurations, underlines the importance of strong intermolecular interactions for the realization of high performing devices. C1 [Fabiano, Simone; Piliego, Claudia; Loi, Maria Antonietta] Univ Groningen, Zernike Inst Adv Mat, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Fabiano, Simone; Pignataro, Bruno] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Chim S Cannizzaro, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. [Wang, He; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Zhihua; Facchetti, Antonio] Polyera Corp, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. RP Fabiano, S (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Zernike Inst Adv Mat, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. EM afacchetti@polyera.com; lloo@princeton.edu; m.a.loi@rug.nl RI Wang, He/C-3202-2012; Fabiano, Simone/F-4954-2012; Loi, Maria Antonietta/H-8406-2016 OI Fabiano, Simone/0000-0001-7016-6514; Loi, Maria Antonietta/0000-0002-7985-7431 FU ONR [N000141110328]; Princeton Center for Complex Material through NSF's MRSEC [DMR-0819860] FX S.F., C. P. and M. A. L. would like to thank Prof. Petra Rudolf for kindly allowing the use of contact angle instrument. Y.L.L. and H. W. thank the ONR Photovoltaics Program (N000141110328) and the Princeton Center for Complex Material through NSF's MRSEC program (DMR-0819860) for funding. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD DEC 6 PY 2011 VL 21 IS 23 BP 4479 EP 4486 DI 10.1002/adfm.201101427 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 854NH UT WOS:000297501000011 ER PT J AU Bossart, GD Romano, TA Peden-Adams, MM Schaefer, A McCulloch, S Goldstein, JD Rice, CD Saliki, JT Fair, PA Reif, JS AF Bossart, Gregory D. Romano, Tracy A. Peden-Adams, Margie M. Schaefer, Adam McCulloch, Stephen Goldstein, Juli D. Rice, Charles D. Saliki, Jeremiah T. Fair, Patricia A. Reif, John S. TI Clinicoimmunopathologic findings in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus with positive cetacean morbillivirus antibody titers SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Viral disease; Cetacean morbillivirus; Seroepidemiology; Clinical pathology; Immunology ID CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; MEASLES-VIRUS; INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; AQUATIC MAMMALS; INFECTIONS; EXPOSURE; FLORIDA; USA; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB Sera from free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida were tested for antibodies to cetacean morbilliviruses from 2003 to 2007 as part of a multidisciplinary study of individual and population health. A suite of clinico immunopathologic variables were evaluated in morbillivirus-seropositive dolphins (n = 14) and seronegative healthy dolphins (n = 49). Several important differences were found. Serum alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, chloride, albumin and albumin/globulin ratios were significantly lower in seropositive dolphins. Innate immunity appeared to be upregulated with significant increases in lysozyme concentration and marginally significant increases in monocytic phagocytosis. Adaptive immunity was also impacted in dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers. Mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation responses were significantly reduced in dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers, and marginally significant decreases were found for absolute numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes. The findings suggest impairment of cell-mediated adaptive immunity, similar to the immunologic pattern reported with acute morbillivirus infection in other species. In contrast, dolphins with positive morbillivirus antibody titers appeared to have at least a partially upregulated humoral immune response with significantly higher levels of gamma globulins than healthy dolphins, which may represent an antibody response to morbillivirus infection or other pathogens. These data suggest that subclinical dolphin morbillivirus infection in IRL dolphins may produce clinicoimmunopathologic perturbations that impact overall health. C1 [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.; Schaefer, Adam; McCulloch, Stephen; Goldstein, Juli D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Romano, Tracy A.] Myst Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Rice, Charles D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Grad Program Environm Toxicol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Saliki, Jeremiah T.] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bossart, GD (reprint author), Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. EM gbossart@georgiaaquarium.org FU Florida Protect Wild Dolphins program; NOAA FX This research was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit No. 998-1678-01 and issued Florida Atlantic University IACUC protocol number A10-13. Dolphin health assessments were a collaborative effort between the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution and the National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental and Biomolecular Research, NOAA. Support was provided by the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins program and the NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. The authors thank the entire bottlenose dolphin HERA project staff for their efforts in this project. In particular, we recognize W. McFee for analyses of dental enamel to estimate age and E. Murdoch for graphic assistance. This work constitutes contribution #209 from the Sea Research Foundation. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 6 PY 2011 VL 97 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.3354/dao02410 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 857FS UT WOS:000297702900003 PM 22303627 ER PT J AU Killgore, JP Yablon, DG Tsou, AH Gannepalli, A Yuya, PA Turner, JA Proksch, R Hurley, DC AF Killgore, J. P. Yablon, D. G. Tsou, A. H. Gannepalli, A. Yuya, P. A. Turner, J. A. Proksch, R. Hurley, D. C. TI Viscoelastic Property Mapping with Contact Resonance Force Microscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; POLYMER SURFACES; FILMS; NANOSCALE; MODE; AFM; SPECTROSCOPY; CANTILEVERS; FREQUENCY AB We demonstrate the accurate nanoscale mapping of near-surface loss and storage moduli on a polystyrene-polypropylene blend with contact resonance force microscopy (CR-FM). These viscoelastic properties are extracted from spatially resolved maps of the contact resonance frequency and quality factor of the AFM: cantilever. We consider two methods of data acquisition: (i) discrete stepping between mapping points and (ii) continuous scanning. For point mapping and low-speed scanning, the values of the relative loss and storage modulus are in good agreement with the time-temperature superposition of low-frequency dynamic mechanical analysis measurements to the high frequencies probed by CR-FM. C1 [Killgore, J. P.; Hurley, D. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yablon, D. G.; Tsou, A. H.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Gannepalli, A.; Proksch, R.] Asylum Res, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Yuya, P. A.; Turner, J. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Killgore, JP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Turner, Joseph/F-5165-2010 FU NSF [EPS-0701892, CMMI-0709333]; NRC at NIST FX We acknowledge J. Grabowski (ExxonMobil) for sample preparation and M. Amin (ExxonMobil) for the DMA results. J.A.T. and P.A.Y. acknowledge the support of the NSF (grant nos. EPS-0701892 and CMMI-0709333). This research was performed while J.P.K. held an NRC Research Associateship Award at NIST. The mention of commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 43 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 6 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 23 BP 13983 EP 13987 DI 10.1021/la203434w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 853LJ UT WOS:000297427500005 PM 22054300 ER PT J AU Nieh, MP Dolinar, P Kucerka, N Kline, SR Debeer-Schmitt, LM Littrell, KC Katsaras, J AF Nieh, Mu-Ping Dolinar, Paul Kucerka, Norbert Kline, Steven R. Debeer-Schmitt, Lisa M. Littrell, Kenneth C. Katsaras, John TI Formation of Kinetically Trapped Nanoscopic Unilamellar Vesicles from Metastable Nanodiscs SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; X-RAY; SPONTANEOUS VESICULATION; UNBINDING TRANSITION; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; MODEL MEMBRANE AB Zwitterionic long-chain lipids (e.g., dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, DMPC) spontaneously form onion-like, thermodynamically stable structures in aqueous solutions (commonly known as multilamellar vesicles, or MLVs). It has also been reported that the addition of zwitterionic short-chain (i.e., dihexanoyl phosphatidylcholine, DHPC) and charged long-chain (i.e., dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, DMPG) lipids to zwitterionic long-chain lipid solutions results in the formation of unilamellar vesicles (ULVs). Here, we report a kinetic study on lipid mixtures composed of DMPC, DHPC, and DMPG. Two membrane charge densities (i.e., [DMPG]/[DMPC] = 0.01 and 0.001) and two solution salinities (i.e., [NaCl] = 0 and 0.2 M) are investigated. Upon dilution of the high-concentration samples at 50 degrees C, thermodynamically stable MLVs are formed, in the case of both weakly charged and high salinity solution mixtures, implying that the electrostatic interactions between bilayers are insufficient to cause MLVs to unbind. Importantly, in the case of these samples small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data show that, initially, nanodiscs (also known as bicelles) or bilayered ribbons form at low temperatures (i.e., 10 degrees C), but transform into uniform size, nanoscopic ULVs after incubation at 10 degrees C for 20 h, indicating that the nanodisc is a metastable structure. The instability of nanodiscs may be attributed to low membrane rigidity due to a reduced charge density and high salinity. Moreover, the uniform-sized ULVs persist even after being heated to 50 degrees C, where thermodynamically stable MLVs are observed. This result clearly demonstrates that these ULVs are kinetically trapped, and that the mechanical properties (e.g., bending rigidity) of 10 degrees C nanodiscs favor the formation of nanoscopic ULVs over that of MLVs. From a practical point of view, this method of forming uniform-sized ULVs may lend itself to their mass production, thus making them economically feasible for medical applications that depend on monodisperse lipid-based systems for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. C1 [Nieh, Mu-Ping] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Dolinar, Paul] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Kucerka, Norbert; Katsaras, John] Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River Labs, Natl Res Council, Chalk River, ON KOJ 1JO, Canada. [Kucerka, Norbert] Comenius Univ, Dept Phys Chem Drugs, Bratislava 83535, Slovakia. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Debeer-Schmitt, Lisa M.; Littrell, Kenneth C.; Katsaras, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Katsaras, John] Brock Univ, Dept Phys, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Katsaras, John] Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Katsaras, John] Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Biophys Interdept Grp, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Nieh, MP (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mu-ping.nieh@ims.uconn.edu RI DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa/I-3313-2015; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa/0000-0001-9679-3444; Nieh, Mu-Ping/0000-0003-4462-8716; Katsaras, John/0000-0002-8937-4177; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE); U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; University of Connecticut (UConn) faculty; Institute of Materials Science (IMS) at UConn; ORNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); Program Development programs FX This work made use of facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The work at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE). ORNL is operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. M.-P.N. is grateful for the funding support from University of Connecticut (UConn) faculty large grant and the startup fund provided by Institute of Materials Science (IMS) at UConn. J.K. is supported through ORNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) and Program Development programs. NR 78 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 6 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 23 BP 14308 EP 14316 DI 10.1021/la2023314 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 853LJ UT WOS:000297427500044 PM 21951150 ER PT J AU Hume, DB Chou, CW Leibrandt, DR Thorpe, MJ Wineland, DJ Rosenband, T AF Hume, D. B. Chou, C. W. Leibrandt, D. R. Thorpe, M. J. Wineland, D. J. Rosenband, T. TI Trapped-Ion State Detection through Coherent Motion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM JUMPS; ATOM; FORCE; LASER AB We demonstrate a general method for state detection of trapped ions that can be applied to a large class of atomic and molecular species. We couple a spectroscopy ion ((27)Al(+)) to a control ion ((25)Mg(+)) in the same trap and perform state detection through off-resonant laser excitation of the spectroscopy ion that induces coherent motion. The motional amplitude, dependent on the spectroscopy ion state, is measured either by time-resolved photon counting or by resolved sideband excitations on the control ion. The first method provides a simplified way to distinguish clock states in (27)Al(+), which avoids ground-state cooling and sideband transitions. The second method reduces spontaneous emission and optical pumping on the spectroscopy ion, which we demonstrate by nondestructively distinguishing Zeeman sublevels in the (1)S(0) ground state of (27)Al(+). C1 [Hume, D. B.; Chou, C. W.; Leibrandt, D. R.; Thorpe, M. J.; Wineland, D. J.; Rosenband, T.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hume, DB (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 227, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM dhume@kip.uni-heidelberg.de FU AFOSR; DARPA; ONR; IARPA FX We thank C. Oates for contributions to this work and acknowledge helpful comments from U. Warring and R. Jordens. The work was supported by AFOSR, the DARPA QuASaR program, ONR, and IARPA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 24 AR 243902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.243902 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 858KR UT WOS:000297796300004 PM 22243001 ER PT J AU Shen, T Wu, W Yu, QK Richter, CA Elmquist, R Newell, D Chen, YP AF Shen, Tian Wu, Wei Yu, Qingkai Richter, Curt A. Elmquist, Randolph Newell, David Chen, Yong P. TI Quantum Hall effect on centimeter scale chemical vapor deposited graphene films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; TRANSPORT; DEVICES; SERIES AB We report observations of well developed half integer quantum Hall effect on mono layer graphene films of 7 mm x 7 mm in size. The graphene films are grown by chemical vapor deposition on copper, then transferred to SiO2/Si substrates, with typical carrier mobilities approximate to 4000 cm(2)/Vs. The large size graphene with excellent quality and electronic homogeneity demonstrated in this work is promising for graphene-based quantum Hall resistance standards and can also facilitate a wide range of experiments on quantum Hall physics of graphene and practical applications exploiting the exceptional properties of graphene. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3663972] C1 [Shen, Tian; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shen, Tian; Richter, Curt A.; Elmquist, Randolph; Newell, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Wei; Yu, Qingkai] Univ Houston, Ctr Adv Mat & ECE, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shen, T (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tshen@nist.gov RI Wu, Wei/F-5519-2011; Chen, Yong/K-7017-2012 OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-7356-4179 FU NIST MSE [60NANB9D9175] FX Y.P.C. acknowledges the support of NIST MSE grant 60NANB9D9175. The authors would like to thank Shaffique Adam for discussions. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 23 AR 232110 DI 10.1063/1.3663972 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 861FZ UT WOS:000298006100038 ER PT J AU Scherger, B Scheller, M Vieweg, N Cundiff, ST Koch, M AF Scherger, Benedikt Scheller, Maik Vieweg, Nico Cundiff, Steven T. Koch, Martin TI Paper terahertz wave plates SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; BIREFRINGENCE; DIELECTRICS AB We present a low-cost terahertz wave plate based on form birefringence fabricated using ordinary paper. Measurements of the transfer function of the wave plate between polarizers closely agree with predictions based on the measured complex indices of refraction of the effective medium. For the design frequency, the dependence on wave plate angle also agrees with theory. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Scherger, Benedikt; Vieweg, Nico; Cundiff, Steven T.; Koch, Martin] Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Scheller, Maik] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Scherger, B (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM benedikt.scherger@physik.uni-marburg.de RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 FU Friedrich Ebert Stiftung; Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung FX B. S. acknowledges financial support from the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. S. T. C. would like to acknowledge funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung. NR 24 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 25 BP 24884 EP 24889 DI 10.1364/OE.19.024884 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 857FN UT WOS:000297702400005 PM 22273881 ER PT J AU Gerrits, T Thomas-Peter, N Gates, JC Lita, AE Metcalf, BJ Calkins, B Tomlin, NA Fox, AE Linares, AL Spring, JB Langford, NK Mirin, RP Smith, PGR Walmsley, IA Nam, SW AF Gerrits, Thomas Thomas-Peter, Nicholas Gates, James C. Lita, Adriana E. Metcalf, Benjamin J. Calkins, Brice Tomlin, Nathan A. Fox, Anna E. Linares, Antia Lamas Spring, Justin B. Langford, Nathan K. Mirin, Richard P. Smith, Peter G. R. Walmsley, Ian A. Nam, Sae Woo TI On-chip, photon-number-resolving, telecommunication-band detectors for scalable photonic information processing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DETECTION EFFICIENCY AB Integration is currently the only feasible route toward scalable photonic quantum processing devices that are sufficiently complex to be genuinely useful in computing, metrology, and simulation. Embedded on-chip detection will be critical to such devices. We demonstrate an integrated photon-number-resolving detector, operating in the telecom band at 1550 nm, employing an evanescently coupled design that allows it to be placed at arbitrary locations within a planar circuit. Up to five photons are resolved in the guided optical mode via absorption from the evanescent field into a tungsten transition-edge sensor. The detection efficiency is 7.2 +/- 0.5%. The polarization sensitivity of the detector is also demonstrated. Detailed modeling of device designs shows a clear and feasible route to reaching high detection efficiencies. C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Lita, Adriana E.; Calkins, Brice; Tomlin, Nathan A.; Fox, Anna E.; Linares, Antia Lamas; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thomas-Peter, Nicholas; Metcalf, Benjamin J.; Spring, Justin B.; Langford, Nathan K.; Walmsley, Ian A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Gates, James C.; Smith, Peter G. R.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Highfield SO17 1BJ, England. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Langford, Nathan/A-5699-2012; Smith, Peter/D-5951-2016; OI Langford, Nathan/0000-0003-4338-3059; Smith, Peter/0000-0003-0319-718X; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU NIST Quantum Information Initiative; EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) [GR/S82176/01]; EU FX This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information Initiative, the EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) (Grant No. GR/S82176/01) and EU IP (Integrated Project) Q-ESSENCE (Quantum Interfaces, Sensors, and Communication based on Entanglement). I.A.W. acknowledges the Royal Society. T.G. thanks Aaron J. Miller and M. Scott Bradley for discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. This material is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 060301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.060301 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 857XK UT WOS:000297757900001 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Meiser, D Thomsen, JW Ye, J Holland, MJ AF Martin, M. J. Meiser, D. Thomsen, J. W. Ye, Jun Holland, M. J. TI Extreme nonlinear response of ultranarrow optical transitions in cavity QED for laser stabilization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID VACUUM RABI PEAKS; LATTICE CLOCK; SYSTEM; TIME; SPECTROSCOPY; FREQUENCY; METROLOGY AB We explore the potential of direct spectroscopy of ultranarrow optical transitions of atoms localized in an optical cavity. In contrast to stabilization against a reference cavity, which is the approach currently used for the most highly stabilized lasers, stabilization against an atomic transition does not suffer from Brownian thermal noise. Spectroscopy of ultranarrow optical transitions in a cavity operates in a very highly saturated regime in which nonlinear effects such as bistability play an important role. From the universal behavior of the Jaynes-Cummings model with dissipation, we derive the fundamental limits for laser stabilization using direct spectroscopy of ultranarrow atomic lines. We find that, with current lattice clock experiments, laser linewidths of about 1 mHz can be achieved in principle, and the ultimate limitations of this technique are at the 1 mu Hz level. C1 [Martin, M. J.; Meiser, D.; Ye, Jun; Holland, M. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, M. J.; Meiser, D.; Ye, Jun; Holland, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thomsen, J. W.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI W. Thomsen, Jan/0000-0003-3423-6989 FU NIST; NSF; DARPA; ARO FX We thank J. K. Thompson and J. Cooper for valuable discussions. This work has been supported in part by NIST, NSF, DARPA, and ARO. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 063813 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.063813 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 857XK UT WOS:000297757900020 ER PT J AU Radic, J Sedrakyan, TA Spielman, IB Galitski, V AF Radic, J. Sedrakyan, T. A. Spielman, I. B. Galitski, V. TI Vortices in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TRAPS AB Realistic methods to create vortices in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates are discussed. It is shown that, contrary to common intuition, rotation of the trap containing a spin-orbit condensate does not lead to an equilibrium state with static vortex structures but gives rise instead to nonequilibrium behavior described by an intrinsically time-dependent Hamiltonian. We propose here the following alternative methods to induce thermodynamically stable static vortex configurations: (i) to rotate both the lasers and the anisotropic trap and (ii) to impose a synthetic Abelian field on top of synthetic spin-orbit interactions. Effective Hamiltonians for spin-orbit condensates under such perturbations are derived for most currently known realistic laser schemes that induce synthetic spin-orbit couplings. The Gross-Pitaevskii equation is solved for several experimentally relevant regimes. The new interesting effects include spatial separation of left-and right-moving spin-orbit condensates, the appearance of unusual vortex arrangements, and parity effects in vortex nucleation where the topological excitations are predicted to appear in pairs. All these phenomena are shown to be highly nonuniversal and depend strongly on a specific laser scheme and system parameters. C1 [Radic, J.; Sedrakyan, T. A.; Spielman, I. B.; Galitski, V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Radic, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU ARO via the atomtronics MURI; DARPA; US-ARO FX Authors are grateful to Austen Lamacraft, Egor Babaev, and Sankar Das Sarma for useful discussions. This work was supported by ARO via the atomtronics MURI (J. R. and I. B. S.) and DARPA's OLE program (I. B. S.) and a US-ARO grant, "Spin-orbit-coupled BECs" (T. A. S. and V. G.). NR 50 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 063604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.063604 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 857XK UT WOS:000297757900011 ER PT J AU Adam, S Jung, SY Klimov, NN Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA Stiles, MD AF Adam, S. Jung, Suyong Klimov, Nikolai N. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. Stiles, M. D. TI Mechanism for puddle formation in graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BORON-NITRIDE; TRANSPORT AB When graphene is close to charge neutrality, its energy landscape is highly inhomogeneous, forming a sea of electron-like and hole-like puddles that determine the properties of graphene at low carrier density. However, the details of the puddle formation have remained elusive. We demonstrate numerically that in sharp contrast to monolayer graphene, the normalized autocorrelation function for the puddle landscape in bilayer graphene depends only on the distance between the graphene and the source of the long-ranged impurity potential. By comparing with available experimental data, we find quantitative evidence for the implied differences in scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of electron and hole puddles for monolayer and bilayer graphene in nominally the same disorder potential. C1 [Adam, S.; Jung, Suyong; Klimov, Nikolai N.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, Suyong; Klimov, Nikolai N.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20472 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Adam, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter FX This work is supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. It is a pleasure to thank W. G. Cullen, M. S. Fuhrer, and M. Polini for discussions, and P. W. Brouwer, E. Cockayne, G. Gallatin, J. McClelland and R. McMichael for comments on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 23 AR 235421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.235421 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 857ZN UT WOS:000297765200012 ER PT J AU Chi, SX Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Lynn, JW Zhang, CL Phelan, D Singh, DK Paul, R Dai, PC AF Chi, Songxue Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Lynn, J. W. Zhang, Chenglin Phelan, D. Singh, D. K. Paul, R. Dai, Pengcheng TI Common origin of the two types of magnetic fluctuations in iron chalcogenides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FETE1-XSEX; NEUTRON AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the low-energy spin excitations in moderately doped nonsuperconducting Fe1.01Te0.72Se0.28. The spin excitations in this system contain components near (0.5,0,0) and (0.5,0.5,0) in a-b plane reciprocal lattice units using tetragonal unit cell notation (a = b = 3.772 angstrom and c = 6.061 angstrom). At low energies the scattering is centered around (0.5,0,0). With increasing energy, the spectral weight of low-energy spin excitations centered around (0.5,0,0) abruptly shifts around 3 meV to the incommensurate spin excitations centered around (0.5,0.5,0). However both types of spin fluctuations exhibit the identical temperature dependence. These results indicate that the (0.5,0,0)-type spin excitations and the incommensurate excitations around the (0.5,0.5,0) position have a common origin and both must be taken into account to understand the nature of magnetism and superconducting pairing in the iron chalcogenides. C1 [Chi, Songxue; Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Lynn, J. W.; Phelan, D.; Singh, D. K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Chenglin; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Paul, R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Chi, SX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chis@ornl.gov RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU US Department of Commerce; NSF [DMR-0944772]; US DOE, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) through DOE [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; Chinese Academy of Science; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012CB821400] FX The work at NIST is supported by the US Department of Commerce. SPINS and MACS utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The work at the University of Tennessee is supported by the US DOE, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), through DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46202. The work at the Institute of Physics is supported by the Chinese Academy of Science and by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China 973 program (2012CB821400). NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 5 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 21 AR 214407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.214407 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 857YM UT WOS:000297761700004 ER PT J AU Turk, D Meinen, CS Antoine, D McPhaden, MJ Lewis, MR AF Turk, D. Meinen, C. S. Antoine, D. McPhaden, M. J. Lewis, M. R. TI Implications of changing El Nino patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MODEL; EXPORT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; 150-DEGREES-W; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB El Nino events are known to strongly affect biological production and ecosystem structure in the tropical Pacific. Understanding and predicting biological processes in this area are hampered because the existing in situ observing system focuses primarily on physical measurements and does not observe key biological parameters; the only high spatial and temporal resolution biology-related observations are from the global array of ocean color satellites which provide an estimate of surface chlorophyll concentrations only. Since the 1990s, an apparent shift of the El Nino maximum sea-surface temperature (SST) warm anomaly from the eastern to the central equatorial Pacific has frequently been observed. Satellite observations show significant changes in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), new production (NP) and total primary production (PP) in the equatorial Pacific associated with these new central Pacific (CP) El Nino events (also called El Nino Modoki) relative to eastern Pacific El Ninos. During CP-El Ninos, NP, Chl-a and PP in the central basin are depressed relative to EP-El Ninos and lower values of Chl-a and PP coincide spatially with higher SST in the central Pacific. While surface Chl-a, and integrated NP and PP over the entire equatorial band, decrease during both CP and EP-El Ninos, the magnitude of this decrease seems to depend more on the intensity than type of event. The changing spatial patterns have significant implications for equatorial biological dynamics if, as has been suggested, CP-El Ninos increase in frequency in the future. Citation: Turk, D., C. S. Meinen, D. Antoine, M. J. McPhaden, and M. R. Lewis (2011), Implications of changing El Nino patterns for biological dynamics in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23603, doi:10.1029/2011GL049674. C1 [Turk, D.; Lewis, M. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Turk, D.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. [Meinen, C. S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Antoine, D.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LOV, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Turk, D (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; FU NSERC Canada (NETGP) [375118-08]; NOAA/AOML; NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was funded by the NSERC Canada (NETGP 375118-08 and Discovery grant), the NOAA/AOML and the NOAA Climate Program Office. Special thanks to Erick Hackert and Antonio Busalacchi for their help with AVISO data and Bernard Gentili for PP computational assistance. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments for improving an earlier version of this manuscript. PMEL publication number 3713. LDEO contribution 7508. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L23603 DI 10.1029/2011GL049674 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 856JG UT WOS:000297635500001 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Windom, BC AF Bruno, Thomas J. Windom, Bret C. TI Chromatographic sample collection from two-phase (gas plus liquid) flows SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Chromatography; Sampling; Two-phase flow ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; DISTILLATION CURVE METHOD; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HYDRIDE GENERATION; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; TUBULAR MEMBRANE; BIODIESEL FUEL; CRUDE-OIL; SEPARATOR AB A particularly challenging sample presentation in analytical chemistry is a flowing stream that consists of both a gas and liquid phase, combined with the common situation in which a reliable analysis is needed for both phases, separately. In these cases, the vapor and liquid must be physically separated (without change to either), before the individual phases can be collected and analyzed. It is not possible to analyze two-phase flows otherwise. Although the two phases are at equilibrium, it is imperative that no liquid contaminate the vapor, and no vapor be entrained in the liquid at a given temperature and pressure. In this paper, we describe a simple on-line device that can individually separate and collect the vapor and liquid phases of a two-phase flow. The apparatus, which we call (PSC)-S-2, uses an adaptation of the branch point separator, with vapor collection done downstream in a metal bellows. The liquid collection is done in a length of Teflon tube. The separated vapor and liquid phases are then easily transferred into any desired analytical instrument with a syringe, although any sample introduction method, such as a valve, could be used as well. We discuss the application of this device with a stream of thermally stressed rocket kerosene. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Windom, Bret C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR-F1SBAA0138G001] FX The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR-F1SBAA0138G001) is gratefully acknowledged. BCW gratefully acknowledges National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 2 PY 2011 VL 1218 IS 48 BP 8594 EP 8599 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.018 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 852VV UT WOS:000297386500004 PM 22036084 ER PT J AU Walsh, JE Overland, JE Groisman, PY Rudolf, B AF Walsh, John E. Overland, James E. Groisman, Pavel Y. Rudolf, Bruno TI Ongoing Climate Change in the Arctic SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Arctic climate; Climate change; Arctic temperature; Precipitation; Arctic Ocean changes ID SEA-ICE; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ALASKA; TRENDS; OCEAN; CLOUD AB During the past decade, the Arctic has experienced its highest temperatures of the instrumental record, even exceeding the warmth of the 1930s and 1940s. Recent paleo-reconstructions also show that recent Arctic summer temperatures are higher than at any time in the past 2000 years. The geographical distribution of the recent warming points strongly to an influence of sea ice reduction. The spatial pattern of the near-surface warming also shows the signature of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the Pacific sector as well as the influence of a dipole-like circulation pattern in the Atlantic sector. Areally averaged Arctic precipitation over the land areas north of 55 degrees N shows large year-to-year variability, superimposed on an increase of about 5% since 1950. The years since 2000 have been wetter than average according to both precipitation and river discharge data. There are indications of increased cloudiness over the Arctic, especially low clouds during the warm season, consistent with a longer summer and a reduction of summer sea ice. Storm events and extreme high temperature show signs of increases. The Arctic Ocean has experienced enhanced oceanic heat inflows from both the North Atlantic and the North Pacific. The Pacific inflows evidently played a role in the retreat of sea ice in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean, while the Atlantic water heat influx has been characterized by increasingly warm pulses. Recent shipboard observations show increased ocean heat storage in newly sea-ice-free ocean areas, with increased influence on autumn atmospheric temperature and wind fields. C1 [Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Coastal & Arctic Res Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Groisman, Pavel Y.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Global Climate Applicat Div, Asheville, NC USA. [Rudolf, Bruno] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Global Precipitat Climatol Ctr, Offenbach, Germany. RP Walsh, JE (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM jwalsh@iarc.uaf.edu; James.E.Overland@noaa.gov; Pasha.Groisman@noaa.gov; Bruno.Rudolf@dwd.de NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2011 VL 40 SU 1 BP 6 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s13280-011-0211-z PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959BM UT WOS:000305284800003 ER PT J AU Callaghan, TV Johansson, M Brown, RD Groisman, PY Labba, N Radionov, V Barry, RG Bulygina, ON Essery, RLH Frolov, DM Golubev, VN Grenfell, TC Petrushina, MN Razuvaev, VN Robinson, DA Romanov, P Shindell, D Shmakin, AB Sokratov, SA Warren, S Yang, DQ AF Callaghan, Terry V. Johansson, Margareta Brown, Ross D. Groisman, Pavel Ya Labba, Niklas Radionov, Vladimir Barry, Roger G. Bulygina, Olga N. Essery, Richard L. H. Frolov, D. M. Golubev, Vladimir N. Grenfell, Thomas C. Petrushina, Marina N. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Robinson, David A. Romanov, Peter Shindell, Drew Shmakin, Andrey B. Sokratov, Sergey A. Warren, Stephen Yang, Daquing TI The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Snow depth; Snow water equivalent; Snow cover duration; Snow cover extent ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN EURASIA; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SVALBARD REINDEER; POPULATION; SIMULATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; HEMISPHERE; DYNAMICS AB Analysis of in situ and satellite data shows evidence of different regional snow cover responses to the widespread warming and increasing winter precipitation that has characterized the Arctic climate for the past 40-50 years. The largest and most rapid decreases in snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow cover duration (SCD) are observed over maritime regions of the Arctic with the highest precipitation amounts. There is also evidence of marked differences in the response of snow cover between the North American and Eurasian sectors of the Arctic, with the North American sector exhibiting decreases in snow cover and snow depth over the entire period of available in situ observations from around 1950, while widespread decreases in snow cover are not apparent over Eurasia until after around 1980. However, snow depths are increasing in many regions of Eurasia. Warming and more frequent winter thaws are contributing to changes in snow pack structure with important implications for land use and provision of ecosystem services. Projected changes in snow cover from Global Climate Models for the 2050 period indicate increases in maximum SWE of up to 15% over much of the Arctic, with the largest increases (15-30%) over the Siberian sector. In contrast, SCD is projected to decrease by about 10-20% over much of the Arctic, with the smallest decreases over Siberia (<10%) and the largest decreases over Alaska and northern Scandinavia (30-40%) by 2050. These projected changes will have far-reaching consequences for the climate system, human activities, hydrology, and ecology. C1 [Callaghan, Terry V.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johansson, Margareta] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Div Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Brown, Ross D.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Ouranos Climate Consortium, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, Canada. [Groisman, Pavel Ya] NOAA, NESDIS Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Labba, Niklas] Gaisi Sami Ctr, N-9042 Lakselvbukt, Laksvatn, Norway. [Radionov, Vladimir] AARI, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Barry, Roger G.] Univ Colorado, NSIDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bulygina, Olga N.] All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, World Data Ctr RIHMI WDC, Climatol Dept, Obninsk 249035, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Essery, Richard L. H.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Frolov, D. M.; Golubev, Vladimir N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Geog, Lab Snow Avalanches & Mudflows, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Grenfell, Thomas C.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Petrushina, Marina N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Landscapes, Fac Geog, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N.] RIHMI WDC, Obninsk 249035, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Robinson, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Romanov, Peter] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shindell, Drew] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shmakin, Andrey B.] Inst Geog, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Sokratov, Sergey A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Geog, Nat Risks Assessment Lab, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Warren, Stephen] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci & Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yang, Daquing] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Callaghan, TV (reprint author), Royal Swedish Acad Sci, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. EM terry_callaghan@btinternet.com; margareta.johansson@nateko.lu.se; ross.brown@ec.gc.ca; Pasha.Groisman@noaa.gov; n.labba@gmail.com; vradion@aari.ru; rbarry@nsidc.org; bulygina@meteo.ru; ressery@staffmail.ed.ac.uk; denisfrolovm@mail.ru; golubev@geol.msu.ru; tcg@atmos.washington.edu; mnpetrushina@mail.ru; razuvaev@meteo.ru; david.robinson@rutgers.edu; Peter.Romanov@noaa.gov; drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov; ashmakin@igras.ru; sokratov@nral.org; sgw@uw.edu; dyang3@alaska.edu RI Golubev, Vladimir/K-1678-2012; Petrushina, Marina/K-2103-2012; Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Sokratov, Sergey/A-6602-2011; Frolov, Denis/O-2426-2013; Bulygina, Olga/H-1251-2016; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014; OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; Sokratov, Sergey/0000-0001-9265-2935; Barry, Roger/0000-0001-9239-0859; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 FU Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [08/210]; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [204-2009-45] FX We wish to thank the various national funding agencies that made this review possible, specifically the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (grant number 08/210) and the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant number 204-2009-45) who helped to directly support this publication. We also gratefully acknowledge the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program Secretariat and the SWIPA Integration Team in helping to produce the original SWIPA report and the various contributing SWIPA chapter authors including all contributing authors for the SWIPA snow chapter. Finally, we thank reviewers of the SWIPA snow chapter, particularly Barry Goodison. NR 70 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 13 U2 105 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2011 VL 40 SU 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s13280-011-0212-y PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959BM UT WOS:000305284800004 ER PT J AU Callaghan, TV Johansson, M Brown, RD Groisman, PY Labba, N Radionov, V Bradley, RS Blangy, S Bulygina, ON Christensen, TR Colman, JE Essery, RLH Forbes, BC Forchhammer, MC Golubev, VN Honrath, RE Juday, GP Meshcherskaya, AV Phoenix, GK Pomeroy, J Rautio, A Robinson, DA Schmidt, NM Serreze, MC Shevchenko, VP Shiklomanov, AI Shmakin, AB Skold, P Sturm, M Woo, MK Wood, EF AF Callaghan, Terry V. Johansson, Margareta Brown, Ross D. Groisman, Pavel Ya Labba, Niklas Radionov, Vladimir Bradley, Raymond S. Blangy, Sylvie Bulygina, Olga N. Christensen, Torben R. Colman, Jonathan E. Essery, Richard L. H. Forbes, Bruce C. Forchhammer, Mads C. Golubev, Vladimir N. Honrath, Richard E. Juday, Glenn P. Meshcherskaya, Anna V. Phoenix, Gareth K. Pomeroy, John Rautio, Arja Robinson, David A. Schmidt, Niels M. Serreze, Mark C. Shevchenko, Vladimir P. Shiklomanov, Alexander I. Shmakin, Andrey B. Skold, Peter Sturm, Matthew Woo, Ming-ko Wood, Eric F. TI Multiple Effects of Changes in Arctic Snow Cover SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Snow; Arctic; Climate; Albedo; Hydrology; Ecology; Biogeochemical cycling; Geochemical processes; Forestry; Infrastructure; Tourism; Indigenous cultures; Human health ID HIGH-LATITUDE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA; HEAT-BALANCE; TUNDRA; WINTER; FOREST; REINDEER; WEATHER; REPRODUCTION AB Snow cover plays a major role in the climate, hydrological and ecological systems of the Arctic and other regions through its influence on the surface energy balance (e.g. reflectivity), water balance (e.g. water storage and release), thermal regimes (e.g. insulation), vegetation and trace gas fluxes. Feedbacks to the climate system have global consequences. The livelihoods and well-being of Arctic residents and many services for the wider population depend on snow conditions so changes have important consequences. Already, changing snow conditions, particularly reduced summer soil moisture, winter thaw events and rain-on-snow conditions have negatively affected commercial forestry, reindeer herding, some wild animal populations and vegetation. Reductions in snow cover are also adversely impacting indigenous peoples' access to traditional foods with negative impacts on human health and well-being. However, there are likely to be some benefits from a changing Arctic snow regime such as more even run-off from melting snow that favours hydropower operations. C1 [Callaghan, Terry V.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johansson, Margareta; Christensen, Torben R.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Div Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Brown, Ross D.] Ouranos, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, Canada. [Groisman, Pavel Ya] NOAA, Global Climate Applicat Div, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Labba, Niklas] Gaisi Sami Ctr, N-9042 Lakselvbukt, Laksvatn, Norway. [Radionov, Vladimir] AARI, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Bradley, Raymond S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Morrill Sci Ctr 233, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Blangy, Sylvie] Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Bulygina, Olga N.] All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, World Data Ctr RIHMI WDC, Obninsk 249035, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Colman, Jonathan E.] UiO, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Colman, Jonathan E.] UMB, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, N-1432 As, Norway. [Essery, Richard L. H.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Forchhammer, Mads C.] Greenland Climate Res Ctr, Nuuk, Greenland. [Forchhammer, Mads C.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Golubev, Vladimir N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Lab Snow Avalanches & Mudflows, Fac Geog, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Honrath, Richard E.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Honrath, Richard E.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Juday, Glenn P.] Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Phoenix, Gareth K.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Pomeroy, John] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada. [Rautio, Arja] Univ Oulu, Ctr Arctic Med, Thule Inst, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Robinson, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Schmidt, Niels M.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Serreze, Mark C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES NSIDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shevchenko, Vladimir P.] PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Shiklomanov, Alexander I.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shmakin, Andrey B.] Inst Geog, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Skold, Peter] Umea Univ, Ctr Sami Res, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Sturm, Matthew] USA CRREL Alaska, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. [Woo, Ming-ko] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, W Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Callaghan, TV (reprint author), Royal Swedish Acad Sci, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. EM terry_callaghan@btinternet.com; margareta.johansson@nateko.lu.se; ross.brown@ec.gc.ca; Pasha.Groisman@noaa.gov; n.labba@gmail.com; vradion@aari.ru; rbradley@geo.umass.edu; sblangy@gmail.com; bulygina@meteo.ru; torben.christensen@nateko.lu.se; j.e.colman@bio.uio.no; ressery@staffmail.ed.ac.uk; bforbes@ulapland.fi; mcf@dmu.dk; golubev@geol.msu.ru; gjuday@alsaska.edu; meschers@main.mgo.rssi.ru; g.phoenix@sheffield.ac.uk; john.pomeroy@usask.ca; arja.rautio@oulu.fi; david.robinson@rutgers.edu; nms@dmu.dk; serreze@nsidc.org; vshevch@ocean.ru; Alex.Shiklomanov@unh.edu; ashmakin@igras.ru; peter.skold@cesam.umu.se; Matthew.Sturm@usace.army.mil; woo@mcmaster.ca; efwood@princeton.edu RI Golubev, Vladimir/K-1678-2012; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013; Forchhammer, Mads/I-7474-2013; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Forbes, Bruce/L-4431-2013; Meshcherskaya, Anna/D-2807-2016; Bulygina, Olga/H-1251-2016 OI Shevchenko, Vladimir/0000-0002-9045-297X; Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457; Phoenix, Gareth/0000-0002-0911-8107; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095; Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Forbes, Bruce/0000-0002-4593-5083; FU Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [08/210]; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [204-2009-45] FX The authors wish to thank the various national funding agencies that made this review possible, specifically the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (grant number 08/210) and the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant number 204-2009-45) who helped directly support this publication. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program Secretariat and the SWIPA Integration Team in helping to produce the original SWIPA report and the various contributing SWIPA chapter authors. Finally, the authors thank reviewers of the SWIPA snow chapter, particularly Barry Goodison. NR 99 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 10 U2 120 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2011 VL 40 SU 1 BP 32 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s13280-011-0213-x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959BM UT WOS:000305284800005 ER PT J AU Callaghan, TV Johansson, M Key, J Prowse, T Ananicheva, M Klepikov, A AF Callaghan, Terry V. Johansson, Margareta Key, Jeff Prowse, Terry Ananicheva, Maria Klepikov, Alexander TI Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Feedbacks; Ocean circulation; Atmospheric circulation; Cryosphere; Teleconnections ID SEA-ICE; OCEAN; CYCLE; LAKES; RADIATION; SURFACE; SHIFTS; BUDGET; TUNDRA; SOIL AB Changes in the Arctic's climate are a result of complex interactions between the cryosphere, atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere. More feedbacks from the cryosphere to climate warming are positive and result in further warming than are negative, resulting in a reduced rate of warming or cooling. Feedbacks operate at different spatial scales; many, such as those operating through albedo and evapotranspiration, will have significant local effects that together could result in global impacts. Some processes, such as changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, are likely to have very small global effects but uncertainty is high whereas others, such as subsea methane (CH4) emissions, could have large global effects. Some cryospheric processes in the Arctic have teleconnections with other regions and major changes in the cryosphere have been largely a result of large-scale processes, particularly atmospheric and oceanic circulation. With continued climate warming it is highly likely that the cryospheric components will play an increasingly important climatic role. However, the net effect of all the feedbacks is difficult to assess because of the variability in spatial and temporal scales over which they operate. Furthermore, general circulation models (GCMs) do not include all major feedbacks while those included may not be accurately parameterized. The lack of full coupling between surface dynamics and the atmosphere is a major gap in current GCMs. C1 [Callaghan, Terry V.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johansson, Margareta] Lund Univ, Div Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Key, Jeff] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Prowse, Terry] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Environm Canada, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Ananicheva, Maria] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Klepikov, Alexander] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. RP Callaghan, TV (reprint author), Royal Swedish Acad Sci, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. EM terry_callaghan@btinternet.com; margareta.johansson@nateko.lu.se; Jeff.Key@noaa.gov; terry.prowse@ec.gc.ca; maria_anan@rambler.ru; klep@aari.ru RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; FU Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [08/210]; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [204-2009-45] FX We thank Sebastian Gerland, Mats Granskog, and two reviewers for comments on the manuscript. We also wish to thank the various national funding agencies that made this review possible, specifically the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (grant number 08/210) and the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant number 204-2009-45) who helped directly support this publication together with Environment Canada. Prof. F. Wrona kindly facilitated and encouraged this publication. We also gratefully acknowledge the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program Secretariat and the SWIPA Integration Team in helping to produce the original SWIPA report and the various contributing SWIPA chapter authors. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2011 VL 40 SU 1 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s13280-011-0215-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959BM UT WOS:000305284800009 ER PT J AU Olsen, MS Callaghan, TV Reist, JD Reiersen, LO Dahl-Jensen, D Granskog, MA Goodison, B Hovelsrud, GK Johansson, M Kallenborn, R Key, J Klepikov, A Meier, W Overland, JE Prowse, TD Sharp, M Vincent, WF Walsh, J AF Olsen, M. S. Callaghan, T. V. Reist, J. D. Reiersen, L. O. Dahl-Jensen, D. Granskog, M. A. Goodison, B. Hovelsrud, G. K. Johansson, M. Kallenborn, R. Key, J. Klepikov, A. Meier, W. Overland, J. E. Prowse, T. D. Sharp, M. Vincent, W. F. Walsh, J. TI The Changing Arctic Cryosphere and Likely Consequences: An Overview SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Snow; Permafrost; Arctic; Feedbacks; Ecology; Sea level; Greenland Ice Sheet; Mountain glaciers; Ice caps; Sea ice; Lake ice; River ice; Society; Culture; Peoples AB The Arctic cryosphere is a critically important component of the earth system, affecting the energy balance, atmospheric and ocean circulation, freshwater storage, sea level, the storage, and release of large quantities of greenhouse gases, economy, infrastructure, health, and indigenous and non-indigenous livelihoods, culture and identity. Currently, components of the Arctic cryosphere are subjected to dramatic change due to global warming. The need to document, understand, project, and respond to changes in the cryosphere and their consequences stimulated a comprehensive international assessment called "SWIPA'': Snow, Water, Ice, Permafrost in the Arctic. Some of the extensive key SWIPA chapters have been summarized and made more widely available to a global audience with multi-disciplinary interests in this Special Report of Ambio. In this article, an overview is provided of this Special Report in the context of the more detailed and wider scope of the SWIPA Report. Accelerated changes in major components of the Arctic cryosphere are documented. Evidence of feedback mechanisms between the cryosphere and other parts of the climate system are identified as contributing factors to enhanced Arctic warming while the growing importance of Arctic land-based ice as a contributor to global sea-level rise is quantified. Cryospheric changes will result in multifaceted and cascading effects for people within and beyond the Arctic presenting both challenges and opportunities. C1 [Olsen, M. S.] Danish Energy Agcy, DK-1256 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Callaghan, T. V.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Reist, J. D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Reiersen, L. O.] AMAP, N-0032 Oslo, Norway. [Dahl-Jensen, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Granskog, M. A.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Goodison, B.] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kallenborn, R.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci UMB, Dept Chem Biotechnol & Food Sci IKBM, N-1432 As, Norway. [Key, J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Klepikov, A.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Meier, W.] Univ Colorado, NSIDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Overland, J. E.] NOAA, Coastal & Arctic Res Div, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Prowse, T. D.] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Prowse, T. D.] Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Sharp, M.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Vincent, W. F.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Vincent, W. F.] Univ Laval, CEN, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Walsh, J.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Olsen, MS (reprint author), Danish Energy Agcy, Amaliegade 44, DK-1256 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM mso@ens.dk; terry_callaghan@btinternet.com; Jim.Reist@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; lars-otto.reiersen@amap.no; ddj@gfy.ku.dk; mats.granskog@npolar.no; barrygo@rogers.com; grete.hovelsrud@nforsk.no; margareta.johansson@nateko.lu.se; roland.kallenborn@umb.no; Jeff.Key@noaa.gov; klep@aari.ru; walt@nsidc.org; James.E.Overland@noaa.gov; terry.prowse@ec.gc.ca; martin.sharp@ualberta.ca; warwick.vincent@bio.ulaval.ca; jwalsh@iarc.uaf.edu RI Kallenborn, Roland/F-8368-2011; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe/N-4401-2016; OI Kallenborn, Roland/0000-0003-1703-2538; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe/0000-0002-1474-1948; Vincent, Warwick/0000-0001-9055-1938; Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550 FU Canada Council of Ministers; Denmark Council of Ministers; Norway Council of Ministers; Nordic Council of Ministers; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [08/210]; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [204-2009-45] FX We thank all the participants in the SWIPA process, and particularly the numerous authors of the AMAP SWIPA report and this Ambio Special Report for contributing to the completion of a comprehensive assessment of the changing Arctic cryosphere, its climatic drivers and multiple consequences. Numerous national funding agencies supported the SWIPA process and we are grateful for this support. We are grateful for financial contributions to the SWIPA production from Canada, Denmark, Norway, and Nordic Council of Ministers. We are particularly grateful to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (grant number 08/210) and the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant number 204-2009-45) for the grants to TVC and MJ for the publication of this special issue, to Environment Canada for a further grant to TDP to complete the financing of the publication, and finally to Professor F. Wrona for facilitating this. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 95 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2011 VL 40 SU 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s13280-011-0220-y PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959BM UT WOS:000305284800012 ER PT J AU Banakar, V de Magny, GC Jacobs, J Murtugudde, R Huq, A Wood, RJ Colwell, RR AF Banakar, Vinita de Magny, Guillaume Constantin Jacobs, John Murtugudde, Raghu Huq, Anwar Wood, Robert J. Colwell, Rita R. TI Temporal and Spatial Variability in the Distribution of Vibrio vulnificus in the Chesapeake Bay: A Hindcast Study SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE Vibrio vulnificus; hindcast; Chesapeake Bay; empirical habitat model ID UNITED-STATES; GULF-COAST; NONCULTURABLE STATE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; WATER TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHOLERAE; SALINITY; ENVIRONMENT; DYNAMICS AB Vibrio vulnificus, an estuarine bacterium, is the causative agent of seafood-related gastroenteritis, primary septicemia, and wound infections worldwide. It occurs as part of the normal microflora of coastal marine environments and can be isolated from water, sediment, and oysters. Hindcast prediction was undertaken to determine spatial and temporal variability in the likelihood of occurrence of V. vulnificus in surface waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Hindcast predictions were achieved by forcing a multivariate habitat suitability model with simulated sea surface temperature and salinity in the Bay for the period between 1991 and 2005 and the potential hotspots of occurrence of V. vulnificus in the Chesapeake Bay were identified. The likelihood of occurrence of V. vulnificus during high and low rainfall years was analyzed. From results of the study, it is concluded that hindcast prediction yields an improved understanding of environmental conditions associated with occurrence of V. vulnificus in the Chesapeake Bay. C1 [de Magny, Guillaume Constantin; Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Banakar, Vinita; Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [de Magny, Guillaume Constantin] Ctr Rech IRD, MIVEGEC UMR CNRS IRD UM1 5290, Montpellier, France. [Jacobs, John; Wood, Robert J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD USA. [Banakar, Vinita; Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Pathogen Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Colwell, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rcolwell@umiacs.umd.edu FU National Institutes of Health-Fogarty International Center [1RC1TW008587-01]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0813066]; National Institutes of Health [1 R01 A139129-01]; NOAA [SO660009] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Matt Rhodes in the development of the V. vulnificus empirical habitat suitability model (NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 112). This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health-Fogarty International Center Grant No. 1RC1TW008587-01, National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. 0813066, National Institutes of Health Grant No. 1 R01 A139129-01, and Distinguished Scholar in Oceans and Human Health, NOAA Grant No. SO660009 for the Advanced Study Institute for Earth System Prediction. Raghu Murtugudde acknowledges the Chesapeake Bay grant from NOAA and the generous support of the Divecha Center for Climate Change, IISc-Bangalore and IITM-Pune. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2011 VL 8 IS 4 BP 456 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s10393-011-0736-4 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 947QR UT WOS:000304445100006 PM 22302219 ER PT J AU Sommariva, R Bates, TS Bon, D Brookes, DM de Gouw, JA Gilman, JB Herndon, SC Kuster, WC Lerner, BM Monks, PS Osthoff, HD Parker, AE Roberts, JM Tucker, SC Warneke, C Williams, EJ Zahniser, MS Brown, SS AF Sommariva, Roberto Bates, Tim S. Bon, Daniel Brookes, Daniel M. de Gouw, Joost A. Gilman, Jessica B. Herndon, Scott C. Kuster, William C. Lerner, Brian M. Monks, Paul S. Osthoff, Hans D. Parker, Alex E. Roberts, James M. Tucker, Sara C. Warneke, Carsten Williams, Eric J. Zahniser, Mark S. Brown, Steven S. TI Modelled and measured concentrations of peroxy radicals and nitrate radical in the US Gulf Coast region during TexAQS 2006 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Peroxy radicals; RO2; Nitrate radical; NO3; MCM; TexAQS 2006 ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; AIR-QUALITY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; HO2 CHEMISTRY; RO2 RADICALS; OH AB Measurements of total peroxy radicals (HO2 + RO2) and nitrate radical (NO3) were made on the NOAA research vessel R/V along the U.S. Gulf Coast during the TexAQS 2006 field campaign. The measurements were modelled using a constrained box-model based upon the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The agreement between modelled and measured HO2 + RO2 was typically within similar to 40% and, in the unpolluted regions, within 30%. The analysis of the model results suggests that the MCM might underestimate the concentrations of some acyl peroxy radicals and other small peroxy radicals. The model underestimated the measurements of NO3 by 60-70%, possibly because of rapid heterogeneous uptake of N2O5. The MCM model results were used to estimate the composition of the peroxy radical pool and to quantify the role of DMS, isoprene and alkenes in the formation of RO2 in the different regions. The measurements of HO2 + RO2 and NO3 were also used to calculate the gas-phase budget of NO3 and quantify the importance of organic peroxy radicals as NO3 sinks. RO2 accounted, on average, for 12-28% of the total gas-phase NO3 losses in the unpolluted regions and for 1-2% of the total gas-phase NO3 losses in the polluted regions. C1 [Sommariva, Roberto; Bon, Daniel; de Gouw, Joost A.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Lerner, Brian M.; Osthoff, Hans D.; Roberts, James M.; Tucker, Sara C.; Warneke, Carsten; Williams, Eric J.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sommariva, Roberto; Bon, Daniel; de Gouw, Joost A.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Lerner, Brian M.; Osthoff, Hans D.; Tucker, Sara C.; Warneke, Carsten; Williams, Eric J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bates, Tim S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brookes, Daniel M.; Monks, Paul S.; Parker, Alex E.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Herndon, Scott C.; Zahniser, Mark S.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Sommariva, R (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM r.sommariva@uea.ac.uk RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Sommariva, Roberto/M-5361-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Monks, Paul/H-6468-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Monks, Paul/0000-0001-9984-4390; FU NOAA; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) FX We thank the crew of the NOAA R/V Brown for their contribution to the field work. Thanks to M.J. Pilling and C.J. Martin for assistance in setting up the MCM model and to A. Bonzanini for help in assembling the appendix. This work was funded in part by NOAA's Air Quality and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs and in part by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 68 IS 4 BP 331 EP 362 DI 10.1007/s10874-012-9224-7 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940DV UT WOS:000303871100004 ER PT J AU Kim, Z Vlahacos, CP Hoffman, JE Grover, JA Voigt, KD Cooper, BK Ballard, CJ Palmer, BS Hafezi, M Taylor, JM Anderson, JR Dragt, AJ Lobb, CJ Orozco, LA Rolston, SL Wellstood, FC AF Kim, Z. Vlahacos, C. P. Hoffman, J. E. Grover, J. A. Voigt, K. D. Cooper, B. K. Ballard, C. J. Palmer, B. S. Hafezi, M. Taylor, J. M. Anderson, J. R. Dragt, A. J. Lobb, C. J. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. Wellstood, F. C. TI Thin-film superconducting resonator tunable to the ground-state hyperfine splitting of Rb-87 SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Phononic Crystals, Metamaterials and Optomechanics CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2011 CL Santa Fe, NM AB We describe a thin-film superconducting Nb microwave resonator, tunable to within 0.3 ppm of the hyperfine splitting of Rb-87 at fRb = 6.834683 GHz. We coarsely tuned the resonator using electron-beam lithography, decreasing the resonance frequency from 6.8637 GHz to 6.8278 GHz. For in situ fine tuning at 15 mK, the resonator inductance was varied using a piezoelectric stage to move a superconducting pin above the resonator. We found a maximum frequency shift of about 8.7 kHz per 60-nm piezoelectric step and a tuning range of 18 MHz. Copyright 2011 Author(s). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. [doi:10.1063/1.3651466] C1 [Kim, Z.; Hoffman, J. E.; Grover, J. A.; Voigt, K. D.; Cooper, B. K.; Hafezi, M.; Taylor, J. M.; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, A. J.; Lobb, C. J.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Z.; Hoffman, J. E.; Grover, J. A.; Voigt, K. D.; Cooper, B. K.; Hafezi, M.; Taylor, J. M.; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, A. J.; Lobb, C. J.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vlahacos, C. P.; Cooper, B. K.; Anderson, J. R.; Lobb, C. J.; Wellstood, F. C.] Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ballard, C. J.] Trevecca Nazarene Coll, Nashville, TN 37210 USA. [Palmer, B. S.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hafezi, M.; Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, Z (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors acknowledge discussions with J. Lawall and A. Rauschenbeutel. This research was supported by NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 1 IS 4 AR 042107 DI 10.1063/1.3651466 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 916ZG UT WOS:000302141100032 ER PT J AU Wallis, TM Kim, K Filipovic, DS Kabos, P AF Wallis, T. Mitch Kim, Kichul Filipovic, Dejan S. Kabos, Pavel TI Nanofibers for RF and Beyond SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT; GAN NANOWIRES; GHZ; INTERCONNECTS; TRANSISTOR; TRANSPORT; ANTENNAS C1 [Wallis, T. Mitch; Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Kim, Kichul; Filipovic, Dejan S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wallis, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM mwallis@boulder.nist.gov NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 7 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1109/MMM.2011.942763 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 895RE UT WOS:000300513200008 ER PT J AU Romanyukha, A Minniti, R Moscovitch, M Thompson, AK Trompier, F Colle, R Sucheta, A Voss, SP Benevides, LA AF Romanyukha, A. Minniti, R. Moscovitch, M. Thompson, A. K. Trompier, F. Colle, R. Sucheta, A. Voss, S. P. Benevides, L. A. TI Effect of neutron irradiation on dosimetric properties of TLD-600H ((LiF)-Li-6:Mg,Cu,P) SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE Neutron dosimetry; TLD; Tritium; Albedo dosimetry; Lithium fluoride ID LIF-MG,CU,P AB Ideally, dosimeters should measure the dose without their dosimetric properties being affected by the radiation type being measured. Industry-wide occupational radiation workers that can be potentially exposed to neutron radiation fields are routinely monitored by thermoluminescent (TLD) dosimeters. The neutron dose measured by these devices is obtained from the interaction products of thermal (slow) neutrons and Li-6. The number of alpha particle and H-3(-) ions (tritium) released in the (n, Li-6) reaction is proportional to the dose received by the dosimeter. It is a common practice to evaluate the neutron dose indirectly from these products. In this work we present for the first time direct evidence that the neutron exposure to LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD-600H) can have deleterious effects on the dosimetric properties of one of the most commonly utilized dosimeters in the world. The interstitial non-negligible tritium dose contribution to the dosimeter is a result of the beta decay of the tritium nuclei interstitially present in the material. If not accounted for the effect of this self irradiation can directly affect the measured occupational dose to workers. In order to estimate the significance of these effects, tritium dose buildup was measured in the TLD-600H irradiated to different neutron doses from a reactor and a Cf-252 source and then calculated in terms of a daily dose buildup rate. The effect of the self irradiation on these dosimeters resulting from tritium decay was extensively studied. The TLD dosimeters that were exposed to neutron doses show a significant dose buildup even after they have been annealed, i.e. even after the signal produced by the incident neutron dose is completely erased from the lower energy trap states of the dosimeter. The other discovered effect of neutron irradiation on TLD-600H is a significant loss in the detection sensitivity (up to 15%). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Romanyukha, A.; Sucheta, A.; Voss, S. P.; Benevides, L. A.] Naval Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Minniti, R.; Thompson, A. K.; Colle, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moscovitch, M.] Georgetown Univ, Georgetown, DC USA. [Trompier, F.] Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. RP Romanyukha, A (reprint author), Naval Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM aromanyukha@usuhs.mil OI TROMPIER, Francois/0000-0002-8776-6572 FU U.S. Department of Defense FX The study was funded through U.S. Department of Defense operational and maintenance budget. The funding source did not play any role in this study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect necessarily the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 46 IS 12 SI SI BP 1426 EP 1431 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.06.066 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 894WY UT WOS:000300459400022 ER PT J AU Sasso, CR Epperly, SP Johnson, C AF Sasso, Christopher R. Epperly, Sheryan P. Johnson, Chris TI ANNUAL SURVIVAL OF LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) NESTING IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA: A CAUSE FOR CONCERN SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; Caretta caretta; known fate; Loggerhead Sea Turtle; mortality; satellite tags ID POPULATION; MORTALITY; MODEL AB To estimate annual survival rates of adult female Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Peninsular Florida subpopulation, we deployed pop-up archival transmitting tags on 30 Loggerhead turtles nesting at Juno Beach, Florida in 2009. We received data from 29 tags, which we used to estimate annual survival rates and assess the disposition of the animal at the time of tag release. A turtle could have survived the one-year deployment, could have died, or its fate may be unknown if a tag transmitted prematurely for no discernible cause. Annual survival was estimated to be 0.41 (0.20-0.65, 95% CI), but when assuming that all turtles whose fate was unknown had survived for one year survival was estimated to be 0.60 (0.40-0.78). These estimates are considerably lower than previous estimates for this subpopulation (range: 0.73-0.85) and raise concern for the recovery and conservation of the species. C1 [Sasso, Christopher R.; Epperly, Sheryan P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Johnson, Chris] Loggerhead Marine Life Ctr, Juno Beach, FL 33408 USA. RP Sasso, CR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chris.Sasso@noaa.gov; Sheryan.Epperly@noaa.gov; chris@marinelife.org NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 BP 443 EP 448 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893UO UT WOS:000300382200013 ER PT J AU Haeffner, F Merle, JK Irikura, KK AF Haeffner, Fredrik Merle, John K. Irikura, Karl K. TI N-Protonated Isomers as Gateways to Peptide Ion Fragmentation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE CID; Conformation; Fragmentation; Gas phase; Helix; Leu-enkephalin; Macrodipole; Mass spectrometry; Mobile proton model; Peptide; Polyalanine; Proton affinity; Quantum chemistry ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AMIDE BOND-CLEAVAGE; GAS-PHASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-HELICES; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; SPECTRA; ENERGY AB According to the popular "mobile proton model" for peptide ion fragmentation in tandem mass spectrometry, peptide bond cleavage is typically preceded by intramolecular proton transfer from basic sites to an amide nitrogen in the backbone. If the intrinsic barrier to dissociation is the same for all backbone sites, the fragmentation propensity at each amide bond should reflect the stability of the corresponding N-protonated isomer. This hypothesis was tested by using ab initio and force-field computations on several polyalanines and Leu-enkephalin. The results agree acceptably with experimental reports, supporting the hypothesis. It was found that backbone N-protonation is most favorable near the C-terminus. The preference for C-terminal N-protonation, which is stronger for longer polyalanines, may be understood in terms of the well known "helix macrodipole" in the corresponding helical conformations. The opposite stability trend is found for peptides constrained to be linear, which is initially surprising but turns out to be consistent with the reversed direction of the macrodipole in the linear conformation. C1 [Haeffner, Fredrik; Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merle, John K.] Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2222 EP 2231 DI 10.1007/s13361-011-0241-6 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 893MQ UT WOS:000300360400014 PM 21952782 ER PT J AU Terceiro, M AF Terceiro, Mark TI The summer flounder chronicles II: new science, new controversy, 2001-2010 SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Summer flounder; Fisheries; Assessment; Management ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; ATLANTIC COD; SIZE; EGGS; VIABILITY; SUCCESS; LARVAE AB The summer flounder, or fluke, Paralichthys dentatus, supports the most important commercial and recreational flatfish fisheries of the US Atlantic coast. The stock and fishery range from Massachusetts to North Carolina. The assessment and management of the summer flounder fishery has been very contentious since implementation of the joint Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission/Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council Fishery Management Plan (FMP) in 1989, when the poor status of the summer flounder stock was evident to scientists, managers, and fishermen. Management efforts to control fishing mortality in the face of increasing stock abundance and competing demand for fish from both the commercial and recreational sectors continue to evoke the question of "How much fish is enough?" to provide for long-term sustainability. In spite of the numerous controversies, however, by 2010 the fishing mortality on summer flounder had declined to its lowest level in at least 30 years, and summer flounder stock biomass was the highest since the stock assessments began in the 1960s. From a scientific perspective, future assessments need to: (a) better account for the uncertainty resulting from "internal model" retrospective error, (b) better integrate environmental, ecological, and other non-traditional calibration indices into the modeling framework, and (c) better discern summer flounder stock-recruitment dynamics by considering covariates such as environmental factors and predator/prey abundance. Initiatives are underway to acquire improved fishery and biological data to allow the assessments to better reflect the true "state of nature." C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02548 USA. RP Terceiro, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02548 USA. EM mtercer@mercury.wh.whoi.edu NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 4 BP 681 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s11160-011-9207-9 PG 32 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 889XA UT WOS:000300107600003 ER PT J AU Bjorkstedt, EP Goericke, R McClatchie, S Weber, E Watson, W Lo, N Peterson, B Emmett, B Brodeur, R Peterson, J Litz, M Gomez-Valdez, J Gaxiola-Castro, G Lavaniegos, B Chavez, F Collins, CA Field, J Sakuma, K Warzybok, P Bradley, R Jahncke, J Bograd, S Schwing, F Campbell, GS Hildebrand, J Sydeman, W Thompson, SA Largier, JL Halle, C Kim, SY Abell, J AF Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Goericke, Ralf McClatchie, Sam Weber, Ed Watson, William Lo, Nancy Peterson, Bill Emmett, Bob Brodeur, Ric Peterson, Jay Litz, Marisa Gomez-Valdez, Jose Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto Lavaniegos, Bertha Chavez, Francisco Collins, Curtis A. Field, John Sakuma, Keith Warzybok, Pete Bradley, Russell Jahncke, Jaime Bograd, Steven Schwing, Franklin Campbell, Gregory S. Hildebrand, John Sydeman, William Thompson, Sarah Ann Largier, John L. Halle, Chris Kim, Sung Yong Abell, Jeff TI STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2010-2011: REGIONALLY VARIABLE RESPONSES TO A STRONG (BUT FLEETING?) LA NINA SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; OCEAN; SEABIRD; ECOSYSTEM; SYSTEM; REGIME; GROWTH AB The state of the California Current system (CCS) since spring 2010 has evolved in response to the development of cooler La Nina following the dissipation of the relatively weak and short-lived El Nino event of 2009-2010. The 2009-2010 El Nino appears to have dissipated quite rapidly in early spring 2010, yet the transition to anomalously cool conditions followed somewhat later with the onset of anomalously strong upwelling throughout the CCS in summer 2010 and the development of unusually-in some cases record-cool conditions throughout the CCS. However, following the fairly consistent emergence of cooler La Nina conditions across the CCS going into summer 2010, regional contrasts were apparent. Off southern California, the effects of both the 2009-2010 El Nino and subsequent return to La Nina conditions appear to have had modest effects on the system, and the patterns that attract interest appear to be unfolding over longer time scales (e.g., freshening of upper water column and trends in nitrate and oxygen concentrations). In contrast, the northern California Current has exhibited much more dramatic short-term changes over the past two years, due in part to greater variability in environmental forcing affecting this region. Ecosystem responses also varied across the CCS. The pelagic ecosystem off central and southern California showed evidence of enhanced productivity, in terms of rockfish recruitment, seabird abundance and reproductive success, etc., and the planktonic assemblage off Baja California indicated a resurgence of crustacean zooplankton following a period dominated by gelatinous zooplankton. Off northern California and Oregon, however, the return to La Nina conditions did not entirely reverse changes in the copepod assemblage arising during the 2009-2010 El Nino, which-may have contributed to low at-sea survival of juvenile salmon. At the time of writing, tropical conditions are ENSO-neutral and forecast to remain so into fall 2011 and possibly into early 2012, yet the PDO remained strongly negative into summer 2011. It is uncertain whether the return to cool conditions observed in the past year will continue to govern the state of the California Current. C1 [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. [Goericke, Ralf; Campbell, Gregory S.; Hildebrand, John; Kim, Sung Yong] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Ed; Watson, William; Lo, Nancy] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Peterson, Bill; Emmett, Bob; Brodeur, Ric] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, Jay; Litz, Marisa] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Gomez-Valdez, Jose; Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto; Lavaniegos, Bertha] CICESE, Div Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Chavez, Francisco] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Collins, Curtis A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Field, John; Sakuma, Keith] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bograd, Steven; Schwing, Franklin] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Warzybok, Pete; Bradley, Russell; Jahncke, Jaime] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Sydeman, William; Thompson, Sarah Ann] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Largier, John L.; Halle, Chris] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Abell, Jeff] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bjorkstedt, EP (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, POB 690, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. RI Kim, Sung Yong/B-9852-2009; Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009; Gomez-Valdes, Jose/B-9846-2016 OI Kim, Sung Yong/0000-0003-1962-8992; Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X; Gomez-Valdes, Jose/0000-0002-8528-7826 FU CICESE; SEMARNAT-CONACYT [23804, 107267]; SEP-CONACYT [129611, 82529]; NOAA's FATE; SAIP; CAMEO; California Ocean Protection Council; California Sea Grant; NOAA; NSF; NASA; Sonoma County Water Agency; State of California under the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP); National Science Foundation (NSF); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved the present paper and also provide useful guidance for development of future reports in this series. Xuemei Qiu prepared several figures for the basin- and regional-scale review. The IMECOCAL program thanks officers and crew of the CICESE RV Francisco de Ulloa, as well as students, technicians, and researchers participating in the surveys. Special thanks to Martin De la Cruz-Orozco for assistance in cruise coordination and chlorophyll analysis, Jose Luis Cadena for zooplankton counting, and R. Durazo for CTD data processing. IMECOCAL surveys were supported by CICESE, SEMARNAT-CONACYT 23804 and 107267, and SEP-CONACYT projects (129611, 82529). Observations along the Newport Hydrographic Line and off the OR-WA coast were supported in part by NOAA's FATE and SAIP programs and CAMEO. Trinidad Head Line surveys were supported by NOAA Fisheries Service and the California Ocean Protection Council and by the able efforts of Captain Scott Martin and the crew of the RV Coral Sea, Phil White, Kathryn Crane, Jose Montoya, and the many HSU students and volunteers who sailed on these cruises. Phil White assisted with analysis of CTD data from the Trinidad Head Line. Seabird surveys in recent years were supported by grants from the California Ocean Protection Council, California Sea Grant, NOAA, NSF, and NASA. Sonoma County Water Agency funds observations along the Bodega Line. HF radar mapping ocean surface currents has been sponsored by the State of California under the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Naval Research (ONR). HF radar data were provided by Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California, San Diego; University of Southern California; Marine Science Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara; California Polytechnic State University; Naval Postgraduate School; Romberg Tiburon Center at San Francisco State University; Humboldt State University; Bodega Marine Laboratory at University of California, Davis; and Oregon State University. NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 18 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 52 BP 36 EP 68 PG 33 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 886LI UT WOS:000299855500003 ER PT J AU Litz, MNC Phillips, AJ Brodeur, RD Emmett, RL AF Litz, Marisa N. C. Phillips, A. Jason Brodeur, Richard D. Emmett, Robert L. TI SEASONAL OCCURRENCES OF HUMBOLDT SQUID (DOSIDICUS GIGAS) IN THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; JUMBO SQUID; RANGE EXPANSION; ADDITIVE-MODELS; ABUNDANCE; OMMASTREPHIDAE; CEPHALOPODA AB Recent visits by Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) to the northern California Current system (CCS) were suggested to be related to larger climatic events such as El Nino, global warming, and expansion and shoaling of the oxygen minimum zone. Due to their plasticity in foraging behavior, coupled with an increased availability of prey resources, these excursions may also represent opportunistic foraging explorations. Fisheries-independent surveys initiated by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center in 1998 first encountered Humboldt squid in coastal waters off central Oregon and Washington in 2004. Squid ranging from 36-79 cm mantle length were caught during the following six years of sampling (2004-2009), with individuals generally increasing in abundance shoreward in late summer. The highest observed densities were in 2009 and measured 1,671 squid (10(6) m(3))(-1). Physical features associated with increased squid catch included station depth, subsurface water temperature, ocean salinity, ocean density, and dissolved oxygen. In addition, the arrival of Humboldt squid onto the shelf in late summer was coincident with declines of juvenile (10-30 cm total length) Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), in contrast to the typical increases of hake recorded in late summer during recent years. Our results suggest that predator-prey interactions and ocean conditions in the CCS epipelagic zone lead to seasonal expansions, yet unsuccessful colonization attempts, by Humboldt squid populations. Identifying the economic and ecological impacts of this newly arrived predator should be a top research priority. C1 [Litz, Marisa N. C.; Phillips, A. Jason] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Emmett, Robert L.] NOAA Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine & Ocean Ecol Program, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Litz, MNC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM litzm@onid.orst.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration; NWFSC FX The authors would like to thank the captains and crew of the F/V Piky and the R/V Miller Freeman for their expertise in conducting all research trawls used for this study We are grateful to T. Britt for managing the SAIP database. T. Auth generously provided all SAIP study CTD data and provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, along with P Bentley and A. Claiborne, to whom we are also indebted for their tireless efforts in the field. We would also like to thank M. Hunsicker, J. Holmes, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and constructive criticism. We are grateful to L. Ciannelli and J. Ruzicka for providing insight on statistical methods and ecosystem modeling techniques we consider important for future endeavors. Conversations with J. Field and W. Gilly about Humboldt squid feeding habits and physiology were invaluable. Funding for the collection and analysis of these data comes from the Bonneville Power Administration and the NWFSC Stock Assessment Improvement Program. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 32 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 52 BP 97 EP 108 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 886LI UT WOS:000299855500006 ER PT J AU Mazzillo, FFM Field, JC Staaf, DJ Carter, ML Ohman, MD AF Mazzillo, Fernanda F. M. Field, John C. Staaf, Danna J. Carter, Melissa L. Ohman, Mark D. TI A NOTE ON THE DETECTION OF THE NEUROTOXIN DOMOIC ACID IN BEACH-STRANDED DOSIDICUS GIGAS IN THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SCALLOP PECTEN-MAXIMUS; LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; JUMBO SQUID; SEA LIONS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; OCTOPUS-VULGARIS AB The first occurrence of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) in Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) during a toxic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom in the Southern California Bight is reported. Bloom levels of cells within the Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima group were detected on 6 July 2009 at 4 nearshore collection sites in the Southern California Bight (Scripps Pier, Newport Pier, Goleta Pier and Sterns Wharf). Particulate DA was detected in all of these locations, except for Newport Pier. Stranded Humboldt squid were found south of the Scripps pier 5 days after the toxic bloom was detected. DA was measured using ELISA and low DA concentrations were detected in the stomach or mantle tissue of the stranded specimens. Stomach content analysis indicated that possible DA vectors to Humboldt squid included both pelagic (Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, and Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax) and nearshore (pile surfperch, Damalichthys vacca, and shiner surfperch, Cymatogaster aggregata) fish species. Although low DA levels were detected in stranded squid specimens, neurological symptoms of DA toxicity were not observed and low DA concentrations alone may not have been the cause of the strandings. Further studies should focus on DA toxic effects in D. gigas to verify whether this pelagic predator can be affected by a toxin frequently detected in pelagic ecosystems influenced by the California Current System. C1 [Mazzillo, Fernanda F. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Field, John C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Staaf, Danna J.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Carter, Melissa L.; Ohman, Mark D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Mazzillo, FFM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mazzillo@gmail.com FU NSF; NOAA IOOS through the SCCOOS [UCSD 20081362] FX We thank M. Silver for valuable comments on this manuscript; E. Seubert for analyzing particulate DA samples and water sample collection; M. Hilbern, R. Shipe, and J. Goodman for sample collection and cell counts; C. Shadle, A. Lemke, and J. Webb for assistance with sampling stranded squids; A.Townsend for shipping samples; B. Matsubu for help compiling the media accounts of strandings;W. Walker for help with otolith identification; and E. Hubach for assistance with squid toxin extractions; and the three anonymous reviewers. We also thank the Pelagic Invertebrates Collection of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography for the use of facilities, the NSF for funding the California Current Ecosystem LTER site, NOAA for supporting travel to La Jolla and the pier-based harmful algal bloom monitoring funded by NOAA IOOS through the SCCOOS, Grant No. UCSD 20081362. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 52 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 886LI UT WOS:000299855500007 ER PT J AU Fissel, BE Lo, NCH Herrick, SF AF Fissel, Benjamin E. Lo, Nancy C. H. Herrick, Samuel F., Jr. TI DAILY EGG PRODUCTION, SPAWNING BIOMASS AND RECRUITMENT FOR THE CENTRAL SUBPOPULATION OF NORTHERN ANCHOVY 1981-2009 SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; LARVAL; MORTALITY; GROWTH; FISHES; MODEL AB This paper updates estimates of critical stock assessment parameters for the central subpopulation of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax). Ichthyoplankton data from the CalCOFI database were used to implement the historical egg production method and estimate annual mortality curves, from which daily egg production, and egg and larval mortality parameters were derived. Spawning biomass was estimated using historical data under the assumption of a constant daily specific fecundity. A Ricker recruitment model, augmented with environmental factors, was estimated based on historical data and used to predict recruitment using the new spawning biomass data. We found that egg densities were highly variable while larval densities have been persistently low since 1989. Recruitment estimation suggests that poor environmental conditions have potentially contributed to the low productivity. Mortality estimation reveals through an increasing egg mortality rate that low larval densities were primarily the result of high mortality during the pre-yolk-sac period. C1 [Fissel, Benjamin E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Econ & Social Sci Res Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lo, Nancy C. H.; Herrick, Samuel F., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Fissel, BE (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Econ & Social Sci Res Program, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Ben.Fissel@noaa.gov; Nancy.Lo@noaa.gov; Sam.Herrick@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 52 BP 116 EP 135 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 886LI UT WOS:000299855500008 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Xu, JJ AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Xu, Jianjun TI Comparisons of temperature response to solar forcing in the pre- and post periods of satellite data assimilation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature; solar forcing; satellite data assimilation ID LOWER-STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TROPOSPHERIC RESPONSE; REANALYSIS PROJECT; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CYCLE VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; OZONE; SIGNAL AB On the basis of both composite and multiple linear regression analysis, three temperature datasets from two reanalyses and one set of satellite observations have been used to evaluate the different responses in the winter [DecemberFebruary (DJF)] period as they relate to solar forcing between the pre- and post periods of satellite data assimilation. The two periods are defined as 1958-1978 when no satellite data was available to be assimilated and the 1979-2002 period when satellite data was assimilated in the operational forecast models. The solar forcing signal for the two periods can be identified as significant in the extremes of the solar cycle (maximum and minimum). The composite analysis shows that the solar response of the DJF temperatures in the three datasets shows large-scale similarities although there are differences over the southern middle-high latitudes and some tropical areas. The stratospheric response showed the strongest DJF temperature anomalies related to solar variability occurring over the Arctic, but its sign is negative in 1979-2002 and positive in 1958-1978 for solar maximum activity. The stratospheric temperature response can be confirmed using a multiple regression analysis. The temperature features may be partially explained by the impacts of heating via ozone absorption, and is reinforced by the solar cycle, El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), volcanic eruptions and other factors. In contrast, the tropospheric response, with a dynamic wavelike structure, occurs over the middle latitudes. The tropospheric differences between the two periods are not clearly resolved and raise questions about the efficacy of the observations and our ability to use the observations effectively. Copyright (c) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.; Xu, Jianjun] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Powell, AM (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd,WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Al.Powell@noaa.gov; Jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS); Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) and Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy or decision. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 31 IS 15 BP 2312 EP 2329 DI 10.1002/joc.2239 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 860LV UT WOS:000297950700008 ER PT J AU Sun, L Zheng, QA Wang, DX Hu, JY Tai, CK Sun, ZY AF Sun, Lu Zheng, Quanan Wang, Dongxiao Hu, Jianyu Tai, Chang-Kuo Sun, Zhenyu TI A case study of near-inertial oscillation in the South China Sea using mooring observations and satellite altimeter data SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Near-inertial oscillation; Parametric subharmonic instability; South China Sea; Mesoscale eddies; Satellite altimeter data ID OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; INTERNAL WAVES; HURRICANE; DYNAMICS; COAST; WATER; LAYER AB A near-inertial oscillation (NIO) burst event in the west South China Sea (SCS) was observed by an upward-looking mooring Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in summer 2004. The mooring station was located at 13.99 degrees N, 110.52 degrees E. The spectral analysis reveals that typhoon Chanchu is a major mechanism in triggering the NIO burst event. Before typhoon Chanchu passed over, the NIO signals were quite weak. The NIO band becomes the most energetic constituent of the circulation during the typhoon-wake period. The average peak power density (PD) reaches (5.3 +/- 2.6) x 10(2) cm(2) s(-2) (cycles per hour, cph)(-1) with a maximum value of 9.0 x 10(2) cm(2) s(-2) cph(-1), i.e., 3.1 times higher than that of diurnal tide (DT), (1.7 +/- 0.5) x 10(2) cm(2) s(-2) cph(-1). At the upper (80 m) and sub-upper (208 m) layers, the central frequency of the NIO band is 0.022 cph with a blueshift of about 9% above the inertial frequency f (0.02015 cph). At the lower layer (400 m), the central frequency of the NIO band is 0.021 cph with a blueshift of about 4% above the inertial frequency. The blueshifts are explained partially by the Doppler shift induced by the vorticity of mesoscale eddies. During the after-typhoon period, a resonance-like process between NIO and DT is observed in the upper layer. As the NIO frequency approaches the DT subharmonic frequency (0.5K(1)), the PD of the NIO band rises sharply accompanied by a sharp drop of the PD of the DT band. The PD ratio of the two bands increases from 4.5 during the typhoon-wake period to 8 during the after-typhoon period, indicating the effect of the parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) mechanism. C1 [Zheng, Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sun, Lu; Wang, Dongxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, S China Sea Inst Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Sun, Lu] State Ocean Adm, S China Sea Environm Monitoring Ctr, S China Sea Branch, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Quanan; Hu, Jianyu; Sun, Zhenyu] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Tai, Chang-Kuo] NOAA NESDIS, WWBG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zheng, QA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM quanan@atmos.umd.edu RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010; Ma, Wentao/A-8800-2010; WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40976013, 40830851]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CB403504]; United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service [3000-11-03241] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through project 40976013 (for Sun and Hu) and 40830851 (for Wang), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) project 2011CB403504 (for Wang), and the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Ocean Remote Sensing Program 3000-11-03241 (for Zheng and Tai). The MADT data are downloaded from the website of the Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (Aviso). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The authors appreciate helpful comments by three anonymous reviewers. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 67 IS 6 BP 677 EP 687 DI 10.1007/s10872-011-0081-9 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 881YU UT WOS:000299529000002 ER EF