FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Johnson, WL Mansfield, E AF Johnson, Ward L. Mansfield, Elisabeth GP IEEE TI Thermogravimetric Analysis with a Heated Quartz Crystal Microbalance SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC ID TEMPERATURE AB Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with an SC-cut quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was demonstrated at temperatures in the range from 20 degrees C to 450 degrees C. A measurement system was built around a crystal sensor head that was mounted in a small tube furnace. Changes in third-overtone C-mode frequencies of the crystal were measured during thermally activated decomposition and combustion of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film with an initial mass of approximately 6 mu g, and corresponding changes in mass Delta m were estimated through the use of the Sauerbrey equation. Noise and drift in frequencies and associated Delta m were determined through least-squares fitting and compared with commercially available high-resolution conventional TGA systems. The microbalance-based TGA (mu-TGA) system is found to have one to two orders of magnitude lower noise than high-resolution TGA at temperatures below 200 degrees C and to have at least an order of magnitude lower drift over the entire measured temperatures. However, increasing temperature dependence of crystal frequencies at elevated temperatures and noise in temperature measurements lead to noise in the determination of temperature-dependent mass above 400 degrees C that is comparable in magnitude to that of high-resolution TGA. Enhancements in performance of mu-TGA depend primarily on the implementation of reliable piezoelectric resonators with low temperature dependence over the entire measured range. C1 [Johnson, Ward L.; Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400119 ER PT S AU Lirette, D Barnes, C Hati, A Desalvo, JA Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Lirette, D. Barnes, C. Hati, A. Desalvo, J. A. Nelson, C. W. Howe, D. A. GP IEEE TI Common-Arm Counter Propagating Phase Bridge for Vibration Sensitivity Measurement SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC AB Current methods for measuring the vibration sensitivity of microwave devices are limited primarily by choice of cables connecting a stationary platform to a vibrating actuator. We experimentally compare the current ("conventional") method with a new ("modified") common-arm counter propagating (CACP) technique for evaluation of two-port devices. We demonstrate that a CACP method reduces the vibrational noise floor of an optimized measurement system at 10 GHz by up to 25 dB. Common-mode disturbances from the vibration of cables and circulators contained in the measurement loop are rejected to first order. The CACP method enables accurate measurement of devices with low vibration sensitivity. The sensitivity measurement of such devices is normally limited by a conventional measurement system's noise floor. Our system is based on similar work at optical frequencies by Nelson et al. [2] C1 [Lirette, D.; Barnes, C.; Hati, A.; Desalvo, J. A.; Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lirette, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400144 ER PT S AU Ludlow, AD Sherman, JA Lemke, ND Beloy, K Hinkley, N Pizzocaro, M Fox, RW Oates, CW AF Ludlow, A. D. Sherman, J. A. Lemke, N. D. Beloy, K. Hinkley, N. Pizzocaro, M. Fox, R. W. Oates, C. W. GP IEEE TI Blackbody effects in the Yb optical lattice clock SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC ID STARK SHIFT AB We report a high accuracy measurement of the differential static polarizability for the clock transition in a Yb lattice clock, a key parameter for determining the blackbody (BBR) shift of this transition. We further report efforts to determine the < 6s5d(3)D(1)parallel to D parallel to 6s6p(3)P(0)> reduced dipole matrix element, a critical ingredient in the non-static correction to the BBR shift. In all, we have reduced the largest uncertainty in the Yb lattice clock (that stemming from the BBR shift) by an order of magnitude. C1 [Ludlow, A. D.; Sherman, J. A.; Lemke, N. D.; Beloy, K.; Hinkley, N.; Pizzocaro, M.; Fox, R. W.; Oates, C. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ludlow@boulder.nist.gov RI Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400123 ER PT S AU Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Nelson, C. W. Howe, D. A. GP IEEE TI A SUB-SAMPLING DIGITAL PM/AM NOISE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC AB A digital phase/amplitude modulation (PM/AM) noise-measurement system (DNMS) implementing field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital down-converters (DDCs), and 250 MHz analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is reported. Performance in the first, baseband Nyquist region shows white phase-noise floors of less than -180 dBc/Hz. With proper pre-filtering of the input signals to prevent undesired aliasing, high-bandwidth track-and-hold amplifiers (THA) extend the operating range of the DNMS to microwave frequencies. Preliminary testing with an 18 GHz THA shows residual white phase-noise floors at 10 GHz of less than -160 dBc/Hz. C1 [Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nelson, CW (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM craig.nelson@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400161 ER PT S AU Papp, SB Del'Haye, P Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Del'Haye, Pascal Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Mechanical stabilization of a microrod-resonator optical frequency comb SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC ID GENERATION AB We present line-spacing frequency control of a microresonator-based optical frequency comb by way of mechanical actuation. Using this novel technique, we have achieved a record level of residual stability in the line spacing of 5 x 10(15) for 1 s averaging. This demonstrates the potential of microresonator combs to support clocks with stability derived from optical frequencies. This work has been performed with newly developed microrod optical resonators fabricated by use of CO2-laser machining. C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Del'Haye, Pascal; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, 325 Broadway MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.papp@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400166 ER PT S AU Rey, AM Martin, MJ Swallows, MD Bishof, M Benko, C Blatt, S Von Stecher, J Gorshkov, A Ye, J AF Rey, A. M. Martin, M. J. Swallows, M. D. Bishof, M. Benko, C. Blatt, S. Von Stecher, J. Gorshkov, A. Ye, J. GP IEEE TI Probing many-body spin interactions with an optical lattice clock SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC AB Advances in ultra-stable lasers now permit sub-Hz resolution of optical atomic transitions. At this level, weak interactions by any ordinary scale can in fact dominate the dynamics of the interrogated atoms, even for spin polarized fermions at ultralow temperatures. Contrary to results obtained in radio frequency spectroscopy of alkali fermionic atoms, optical spectroscopy of 87 Sr and 171 Yb has revealed density dependent frequency shifts of the 1 S0 - 3 P 0 "clock" transition. Understanding interactions in these systems is necessary to improve their accuracy and stability. Moreover, such an understanding will en-able optical lattice clock systems to serve as quantum simulators for open, driven, strongly-interacting quantum systems at the mesoscopic scale. In this talk we presented our progress towards a comprehensive evaluation and understanding of the interactions present during spectroscopy of the 87 Sr clock transition under various operating conditions. Our studies indicate that a mean-field solution of a master equation is sufficient to capture the many-body dynamics of alkaline earth atom clocks. Entering the regime in which a treatment beyond mean-field is required for a proper description of the clock dynamics is under immediate experimental reach. C1 [Rey, A. M.; Martin, M. J.; Swallows, M. D.; Bishof, M.; Benko, C.; Von Stecher, J.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gorshkov, A.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Blatt, S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arey@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 FU ARO DARPA OLE; NIST; NSF (PFC, IQIM and PIF grants),; AFOSR; NDSEG; Lee A. DuBridge Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. FX We acknowledge funding support for this work by ARO DARPA OLE, NIST, NSF (PFC, IQIM and PIF grants), AFOSR, NDSEG, the Lee A. DuBridge Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400058 ER PT S AU Holloway, CL Smith, R Dunlap, C Pirkl, R Ladbury, J Young, W Hansell, B Shadish, M Sullivan, K AF Holloway, C. L. Smith, R. Dunlap, C. Pirkl, R. Ladbury, J. Young, W. Hansell, B. Shadish, M. Sullivan, K. GP IEEE TI Validation of a One-Antenna Reverberation-Chamber Technique for Estimating the Total and Radiation Efficiency of an Antenna SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, China Electrotechn Soc, Evaluat Engn (EE), ENR, Microwave Digest, Microwave Journal, RF Globalnet, SAFETY & EMC Magazine, In Compliance Magazine, ITEM Media, ETS LINDGREN, Keystone Compliance, Retlif Testing Labs, Andro Computat Solutions, LLC, MIDCOM, Wurth Elekt, Gauss Instruments GmbH AB Because of the statistical environment created inside reverberation chambers, they are ideally suited for performing radiated power measurements of either an antenna or a device under test, and as such, it is possible to determine their efficiencies. In previous work we presented a one-antenna approach that allows for determining the efficiency of a single antenna under test without the need for a reference antenna. In this paper, we validate this one-antenna approach by showing comparisons with other methods (comparing measurements made in different test facilities and comparisons to other techniques, including numerical calculations) for various antennas. C1 [Holloway, C. L.; Dunlap, C.; Pirkl, R.; Ladbury, J.; Young, W.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smith, R.; Hansell, B.; Shadish, M.; Sullivan, K.] ITT Excelis, Frederickburg, VA 22406 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4673-2060-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2012 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEJ75 UT WOS:000316991700039 ER PT S AU Dunlap, CR Holloway, CL Pirkl, R Ladbury, J Kuester, EF Hill, DA van de Beek, S AF Dunlap, C. R. Holloway, C. L. Pirkl, R. Ladbury, J. Kuester, E. F. Hill, D. A. van de Beek, S. GP IEEE TI Characterizing Reverberation Chambers by Measurements of the Enhanced Backscatter Coefficient SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, China Electrotechn Soc, Evaluat Engn (EE), ENR, Microwave Digest, Microwave Journal, RF Globalnet, SAFETY & EMC Magazine, In Compliance Magazine, ITEM Media, ETS LINDGREN, Keystone Compliance, Retlif Testing Labs, Andro Computat Solutions, LLC, MIDCOM, Wurth Elekt, Gauss Instruments GmbH AB Reverberation chambers (RC) are becoming a popular alternative testing facility for a wide range of electromagnetic applications. In order for these tests to have any meaning, we need to ensure that the RC is performing in a desired manner. One common approach for characterizing the RC is based on a measurement of field uniformity in the chamber. In this paper, we present an alternative technique for characterizing a RC, based on the enhanced backscatter coefficient (a quantity analogous to the enhanced backscatter that has been derived for scattering by a random medium) measured in the chamber. C1 [Dunlap, C. R.; Holloway, C. L.; Pirkl, R.; Ladbury, J.; Hill, D. A.; van de Beek, S.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, E. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Eng, Boulder, CO USA. [van de Beek, S.] Univ Twente, Enschede Noord, Netherlands. RP Dunlap, CR (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4673-2060-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2012 BP 210 EP 215 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEJ75 UT WOS:000316991700040 ER PT S AU Coder, JB Ladbury, JM Golkowski, M AF Coder, Jason B. Ladbury, John M. Golkowski, Mark GP IEEE TI On Lower Bound Antenna Efficiency Measurements in a Reverberation Chamber SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, China Electrotechn Soc, Evaluat Engn (EE), ENR, Microwave Digest, Microwave Journal, RF Globalnet, SAFETY & EMC Magazine, In Compliance Magazine, ITEM Media, ETS LINDGREN, Keystone Compliance, Retlif Testing Labs, Andro Computat Solutions, LLC, MIDCOM, Wurth Elekt, Gauss Instruments GmbH AB This paper addresses a few specific aspects of measuring the lower bound of antenna efficiency in a reverberation chamber. While the initial method for measuring the lower bound of efficiency has been presented, three key revisions are discussed here: (1) an updated notation, (2) a revised method for calculating the lower bound of efficiency, and (3) a new method for combining stirring techniques. The updated antenna model notation is designed to be more general and applicable to situations with n antennas. The revised efficiency calculation targets an issue of the original method where the minimum bounding circle exceeded the unit circle. Introducing a new method of combining stirring techniques addresses a weakness of the original model. For the model to work well, it needs a very large number of paddle positions that generate a good statistical approximation of the environment (in this case, a reverberation chamber). As a possible remedy to this weakness, we propose a different way of combining stirring techniques. C1 [Coder, Jason B.; Ladbury, John M.] NIST, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 687-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Golkowski, Mark] Univ Colorado Denver St, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80204 USA. RP Coder, JB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 687-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jason.coder@nist.gov; john.ladbury@nist.gov; mark.golkowski@ucdenver.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4673-2060-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2012 BP 216 EP 221 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEJ75 UT WOS:000316991700041 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Flagg, EB Thomay, T Solomon, GS AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Flagg, Edward B. Thomay, Tim Solomon, Glenn S. BE Khrennikov, A Atmanspacher, H Migdall, A Polyakov, S TI Dynamics of a pulsed single photon source SO QUANTUM THEORY: RECONSIDERATION OF FOUNDATIONS 6 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quantum Theory - Reconsideration of Foundations-6 (QTRF6) CY JUN 11-14, 2012 CL Vaxjo, SWEDEN SP Linnaeus Univ DE Single Photons; Temporal Dynamics; Quantum State Purity; Foundations of Quantum Mechanics ID LINEAR OPTICS; QUANTUM; INTERFERENCE AB We propose and demonstrate a method for an independent verification of a degree of single photon purity and coherence applicable for all single-photon emitters used in pulsed mode. Using two-time second-order correlation measurements, we reconstruct the dynamics of the nonclassical photon wavepacket. This reveals the temporal evolution of the photon field during the excitation-relaxation cycle of an emitter. The technique allows for the simultaneous measurement of multiphoton content and decoherence. Here we applied this technique to characterize a nonclassical state produced from a single InAs quantum dot (QD). We experimentally observe variations in the degree of multiphoton content and coherence of the wavepacket. A rate equation is introduced to explain multiphoton variations of our source and is found to describe the observed two-dimensional second-order correlation function accurately. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Flagg, Edward B.; Thomay, Tim; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. FX We acknowledge partial support from the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1126-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1508 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1063/1.4773117 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BEK60 UT WOS:000317107200006 ER PT B AU Shi, K Shu, YT Lin, S Wang, JS Luo, JR AF Shi, Kai Shu, Yantai Lin, Sheng Wang, Jinsong Luo, Jiarong GP IEEE TI A MAC Layer Congestion Control Method to Achieve High Network Performance for EAST Experiment SO 2012 18TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE (RT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference (RT) CY JUN 09-15, 2012 CL Univ Calif, U S Dept Energy, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab (Berkelly Lab), Berkeley, CA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Univ Calif HO Univ Calif, U S Dept Energy, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab (Berkelly Lab) ID PROTOCOL; TCP AB Many applications would require fast data transfer in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). A representative example is that EAST experiment data are retrieved by some physics researchers using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). However, due to the high contention degree and the high error rate in wireless networks, the packets may be loss for wireless reasons but not for congestion. This will greatly degrade the TCP performance. On one hand, the wireless packet loss is not congestion, but the traditional TCP assumes that every packet drop is congestion and thus decreases its congestion window, which will degrade its performance. On the other hand, due to the MAC layer retransmission policy employed by the IEEE 802.11 DCF mechanism, the lost packets at the MAC layer will be retransmitted for some times. Thus the waiting time of the packets in the MAC layer queue will be increased. So if we ignore all the packet loss for wireless reasons as the other improved mechanisms do, the network work congestion will be aggravated and its performance will be degraded. To alleviate the impact of the wireless packet loss to TCP in WLANs, this paper proposes a MAC layer congestion control method which is implemented at the end wireless nodes based on IEEE 802.11b DCF mechanism. At first, we propose a concept of MAC layer congestion window which means the MAC layer will send all the packets in a window when it gets access to the wireless channel, other than just sends only one packet as the traditional DCF mechanism does. Then our congestion control mechanism adjusts the MAC layer congestion window based on the contention degree and the MAC layer packet loss rate. If the MAC layer contention degree or packet error rate is high, we will increase the congestion window to improve the successful transmission rate, and we will decrease the congestion window when the packet loss rate is lower than the average wireless packet loss rate. We also use a threshold to control the increase of the congestion window. The threshold is set according to the number of wireless nodes. By performing wireless congestion control at the MAC layer, our mechanism can mitigate the effect of wireless loss to TCP, and therefore improve the TCP performance. The simulation and experiment results show that our mechanism can have better performance than traditional MAC layer mechanisms in WLANs. C1 [Shi, Kai; Lin, Sheng; Wang, Jinsong] Tianjin Univ Technol, Sch Comp & Commun Engn, Tianjin 300191, Peoples R China. [Shi, Kai; Shu, Yantai] Tianjin Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Luo, Jiarong] Acad Sinica, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Luo, Jiarong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Shi, K (reprint author), Tianjin Univ Technol, Sch Comp & Commun Engn, Tianjin 300191, Peoples R China. EM shikai0229@tju.edu.cn; ytshu@tju.edu.cn; linsheng@tjut.edu.cn; jswang@tjut.edu.cn; jr_luo@ipp.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China ( NSFC) [61170301, 61072063]; Key Project in the Science and Technology Pillar Program of Tianjin [08ZCKFGX00600]; ducation commission project [20110801]; Information Technology Project of Tianjin [091052012]; ministry of education key laboratories of Computer vision and system FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( NSFC) under Grant 61170301 and 61072063, a Key Project in the Science and Technology Pillar Program of Tianjin (# 08ZCKFGX00600), an education commission project under grant 20110801 and an Information Technology Project of Tianjin (# 091052012), and also supported in part by ministry of education key laboratories of Computer vision and system. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1082-6; 978-1-4673-1083-3 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEH30 UT WOS:000316572100114 ER PT B AU Xoplaki, E Trigo, RM Garcia-Herrera, R Barriopedro, D D'Andrea, F Fischer, EM Gimeno, L Gouveia, C Hernandez, E Kuglitsch, FG Mariotti, A Nieto, R Pinto, JG Pozo-Vazquez, D Saaroni, H Toreti, A Trigo, IF Vicente-Serrano, SM Yiou, P Ziv, B AF Xoplaki, Elena Trigo, Ricardo M. Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo Barriopedro, David D'Andrea, Fabio Fischer, Erich M. Gimeno, Luis Gouveia, Celia Hernandez, Emiliano Kuglitsch, Franz G. Mariotti, Annarita Nieto, Raquel Pinto, Joaquim G. Pozo-Vazquez, David Saaroni, Hadas Toreti, Andrea Trigo, Isabel F. Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M. Yiou, Pascal Ziv, Baruch BE Lionello, P TI Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Driving Extreme Climate Events in the Mediterranean and its Related Impacts SO CLIMATE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; 2003 HEAT-WAVE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; SUMMER MOISTURE VARIABILITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; GLOBAL LAND PRECIPITATION; DIFFERENT TIME-SCALES; SEA-LEVEL RISE; IBERIAN PENINSULA C1 [Xoplaki, Elena] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Xoplaki, Elena; Kuglitsch, Franz G.] Univ Bern, Inst Geog Climatol & Meteorol, Bern, Switzerland. [Trigo, Ricardo M.; Barriopedro, David; Gouveia, Celia; Trigo, Isabel F.] Univ Lisbon, IDL, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Trigo, Ricardo M.; Gouveia, Celia] Univ Lusofona, Lisbon, Portugal. [Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo; Barriopedro, David; Hernandez, Emiliano] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Astrofis & CC Atmosfera, Inst Geociencias UCM CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [D'Andrea, Fabio] LMD, Paris, France. [Fischer, Erich M.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Gimeno, Luis; Nieto, Raquel] Univ Vigo, Ephyslab, Fac Ciencias Ourense, Orense, Spain. [Mariotti, Annarita] NOAA, Off Atmospher & Ocean Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pinto, Joaquim G.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. [Pozo-Vazquez, David] Univ Jaen, Dept Phys, Jaen, Spain. [Saaroni, Hadas] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geog & Human Environm, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Trigo, Isabel F.] Univ Lisbon, Inst Meteorol, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M.] CSIC, Inst Pirena Ecol, Zaragoza, Spain. [Yiou, Pascal] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Yiou, Pascal] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Yiou, Pascal] IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ziv, Baruch] Open Univ Israel, Dept Nat Sci, Raanana, Israel. RP Xoplaki, E (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Dept Geog, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. RI Pinto, Joaquim/A-7352-2009; Fischer, Erich/B-6067-2011; Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M./G-3104-2012; Trigo, Ricardo/B-7044-2008; OI Nieto, Raquel/0000-0002-8984-0959; Trigo, Isabel/0000-0001-8640-9170; Pinto, Joaquim/0000-0002-8865-1769; Fischer, Erich/0000-0003-1931-6737; Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M./0000-0003-2892-518X; GARCIA HERRERA, RICARDO FRANCISCO/0000-0002-3845-7458; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852; Gouveia, Celia/0000-0002-3147-5696 NR 273 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-391477-4; 978-0-12-416042-2 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 347 EP 417 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-416042-2.00006-9 PG 71 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEH16 UT WOS:000316557000009 ER PT S AU Fox, DM Temburni, S Novy, M Flynn, L Zammarano, M Kim, YS Gilman, JW Davis, RD AF Fox, Douglas M. Temburni, Srilatha Novy, Melissa Flynn, Laura Zammarano, Mauro Kim, Yeon S. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Davis, Rick D. BE Morgan, AB Wilkie, CA Nelson, GL TI Thermal and Burning Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Composites Using Cellulose-Based Intumescing Flame Retardants SO FIRE AND POLYMERS VI: NEW ADVANCES IN FLAME RETARDANT CHEMISTRY AND SCIENCE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Fire and Polymers Symposium CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ACS, Div Polym Mat Sci & Engn ID FIBERS; SUSTAINABILITY; RESISTANCE; PYROLYSIS AB Poly(lactic acid) was flame retarded using cellulose-based intumescing flame retardants. Cellulose was found to be an excellent carbon source, and when added in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), PLA composites exhibited good thermal stabilities and UL-94 ratings of V-0. Nanofibrillated cellulose was phosphorylated to eliminate the need for APP. The fibers were further modified by quaternization and with glycidyl phenyl POSS to increase the char yield during pyrolysis. Fibers were analyzed by elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, and thermogravimetric analysis. The composites prepared without APP exhibited good thermal stability, but they failed the UL-94 vertical burn test. C1 [Fox, Douglas M.; Temburni, Srilatha; Novy, Melissa; Flynn, Laura; Zammarano, Mauro] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Fox, Douglas M.; Zammarano, Mauro; Kim, Yeon S.; Davis, Rick D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fox, Douglas M.; Zammarano, Mauro; Kim, Yeon S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dfox@american.edu RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2780-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1118 BP 223 EP + PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BEC72 UT WOS:000316088700016 ER PT S AU Zammarano, M Matko, S Kramer, RH Davis, RD Gilman, JW Sung, LP Fox, DM Mehta, S AF Zammarano, Mauro Matko, Szabolcs Kraemer, Roland H. Davis, Rick D. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Sung, Li Piin Fox, Douglas M. Mehta, Shivani BE Morgan, AB Wilkie, CA Nelson, GL TI Smoldering in Flexible Polyurethane Foams: The Effect of Foam Morphology SO FIRE AND POLYMERS VI: NEW ADVANCES IN FLAME RETARDANT CHEMISTRY AND SCIENCE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Fire and Polymers Symposium CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ACS, Div Polym Mat Sci & Engn ID COMBUSTION; PROPAGATION AB Flexible polyurethane foams with different cell morphology (cell size and fraction of open cells) were prepared. The effect of foam morphology on smoldering was assessed. Cell-size, in combination with air permeability, appeared to be a good indicator for smoldering propensity in the range of formulations investigated here. C1 [Zammarano, Mauro; Matko, Szabolcs; Kraemer, Roland H.; Davis, Rick D.; Fox, Douglas M.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sung, Li Piin] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mehta, Shivani] US Consumer Product Safety Commiss, Directorate Engn Sci, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Zammarano, M (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mauro.zammarano@nist.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2780-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1118 BP 459 EP + PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BEC72 UT WOS:000316088700029 ER PT B AU Chirgwin, C Crowley, TP Fang, WH LeGolvan, DX AF Chirgwin, Caitlin Crowley, Thomas P. Fang, Weihai LeGolvan, Denis X. GP IEEE TI Comparison of Power Ratio and Vector Network Analyzer Techniques for Measuring Attenuation SO 80TH ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE: ADVANCES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS TEST AND MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 80th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG) - Advances in Wireless Communications Test and Measurements CY NOV 29-30, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, ARFTG, MTT-S DE scattering parameters; vector network analyzer; microwave measurements; microwave power; uncertainty ID ONLINE ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DUAL 6-PORT ANA AB By using a power ratio technique, we have lowered our uncertainty for attenuation measurements by a factor of about 4 (typical) when compared to our vector network analyzer uncertainty analysis. The power ratio technique is applicable to insertable 2-port devices with low reflection coefficients such as airlines and attenuators. The method is illustrated with 3 coaxial devices over a frequency range of 2-18 GHz and 2 rectangular waveguide devices over a frequency range of 50-75 GHz. Our results suggest that a significantly lower attenuation uncertainty could be justified by a re-analysis of the vector network analyzer measurements. C1 [Chirgwin, Caitlin] St Josephs Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. [Crowley, Thomas P.; LeGolvan, Denis X.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fang, Weihai] Beijing Inst Radio Metrol & Measurement, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Chirgwin, C (reprint author), St Josephs Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. EM crowley@boulder.nist.gov FU U. S. government FX This work is partially supported by the U. S. government, and is not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4820-1; 978-1-4673-4817-1 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEJ81 UT WOS:000317004000016 ER PT B AU Jargon, JA Arz, U Williams, DF AF Jargon, Jeffrey A. Arz, Uwe Williams, Dylan F. GP IEEE TI Characterizing WR-8 Waveguide-to-CPW Probes Using Two Methods Implemented within the NIST Uncertainty Framework SO 80TH ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE: ADVANCES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS TEST AND MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 80th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG) - Advances in Wireless Communications Test and Measurements CY NOV 29-30, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, ARFTG, MTT-S DE Characterize; compare; coplanar waveguide; network analyzer; probe; rectangular waveguide; uncertainty AB We individually characterize and provide uncertainties for a pair of WR-8 rectangular waveguide-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) probes over a frequency range of 90 to 140 GHz utilizing two methods implemented within the NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework. The first method consists of a two-tier approach, where a vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration is first performed in rectangular waveguide, and then a second-tier calibration is performed on-wafer. The second method determines the scattering parameters of the probes from two one-tier calibrations. We show that the two methods yield nearly equivalent results and uncertainties. C1 [Jargon, Jeffrey A.; Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Arz, Uwe] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Jargon, JA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jargon@boulder.nist.gov FU U. S. Department of Commerce FX The authors thank Arkadiusz Lewandowski and Michael Janezic for their helpful comments regarding the preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Commerce, and is not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4820-1; 978-1-4673-4817-1 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BEJ81 UT WOS:000317004000007 ER PT S AU Lipsky, CA Hastings, EM Brown, R Dill, RB AF Lipsky, Christine A. Hastings, Edward M. Brown, Russell Dill, Richard B. BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI Correcting Visual Implant Elastomer Tag Identification to Better Evaluate Adult Atlantic Salmon Returns from Multiple Stocking Sites in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geol Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID RAINBOW-TROUT; VISIBILITY AB Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts are stocked in the Penobscot River, Maine to supplement declining populations. Since 2000, approximately 550,000 hatchery smolts are annually released into the river, of which 32% of these (175,000) were marked with visual implant elastomer (VIE) tags indicating release time and location. Our study found that tag colors of adult returns were often misread due to confusion between green and yellow marks and between red and pink marks. Using data collected on mark readings in a controlled hatchery environment, we corrected for tag identification errors made in the field, thereby allowing adjustments to be made in the marked returns to accurately assess the number of returns from multiple stocking groups. When adult returns from multiple stocking groups were compared, significant differences were detected between stocking groups, including a threefold difference between two of the stocking groups. Hence, a simple change in smolt stocking locations and times may be of value in the recovery of the Penobscot River salmon population. C1 [Lipsky, Christine A.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA. Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brown, Russell] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dill, Richard B.] Bur SeaRun Fisheries & Habitat, Maine Dept Marine Resources, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. RP Lipsky, CA (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA. EM Christine.Lipsky@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 63 EP + PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900006 ER PT S AU Achord, S Sandford, BP Smith, SG Wassard, WR Prentice, EF AF Achord, Stephen Sandford, Benjamin P. Smith, Steven G. Wassard, William R. Prentice, Earl F. BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI In-Stream Monitoring of PIT-tagged Wild Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon Juveniles in Valley Creek, Idaho SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geolog Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; SNAKE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVERS; SURVIVAL; BASIN; MORTALITY; HATCHERY; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Recent advances in passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology have allowed the development of in-stream fish-monitoring systems. We installed two such systems in Valley Creek near its confluence with the Salmon River in summer 2002. In the summers of 2003-2005 we collected and PIT tagged wild spring/summer Chinook salmon parr Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in natal rearing areas upstream from the monitors. Although subsequent detection numbers between fall 2003 and spring 2006 were low and variable, they were sufficient to determine timing and estimate survival. We defined migrational groups by period of detection: late summer and fall (August-October), winter (November-February), and the following spring (March-June). Combining 3 years of data, the mean proportions of fish detected during these three respective detection periods were 60.6, 27.7, and 11.7%. Mean probability estimates of survival from Valley Creek to Lower Granite or Little Goose Dams were 9.2, 23.4, and 40.8% for the respective late summer and fall, winter, and spring periods. Estimated overall mean probabilities of survival were 46.6% from tagging as parr to movement into the mouth of Valley Creek and 17.3% from Valley Creek to Lower Granite Dam. The overall mean parr-to-smolt survival estimate from tagging to arrival at Lower Granite Dam was 9.0%. The unexpectedly high proportion of fish migrating in winter has important implications for fish monitoring studies that use rotary screw or scoop traps: these traps are generally inoperable during winter near most natal rearing areas and thus may result in biased estimates of fish population status and migration timing. Advancements in technologies and methodologies to instream PIT-tag monitoring systems will improve data quality to assist recovery planning for threatened and endangered fish species. C1 [Achord, Stephen; Sandford, Benjamin P.; Smith, Steven G.; Wassard, William R.; Prentice, Earl F.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Achord, S (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM steve.achord@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 163 EP 176 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900011 ER PT S AU Weitkamp, L AF Weitkamp, Laurie BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI Marine Distributions of Coho and Chinook Salmon Inferred from Coded Wire Tag Recoveries SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geol Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; GENETIC-VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA; BALTIC SEA; SURVIVAL; KISUTCH; JUVENILE; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB The coded wire tag (CWT) database contains detailed information on millions of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. released from hatcheries or smolt traps and recovered in the Pacific Ocean and its tributaries. I used this information to compare marine distribution patterns of hatchery coho O. kisutch and Chinook O. tshawytscha salmon, based on recoveries of an estimated 1.99 million tagged salmon in coastal areas from southern California to the Bering Sea. Both species show distinct region-specific distribution patterns. Within these release regions, coho and Chinook salmon marine distributions were often similar, with fish distributed largely in local waters. In other regions, Chinook salmon were distributed father north than coho salmon originating from the same region. Only in two regions did the two species have fundamentally different marine distributions, with coho south of, and Chinook salmon north of, the natal stream. The analysis also revealed several "hot spots" of salmon diversity, identified by numerically few recoveries that represented many of the hatcheries used in the analysis. These hotspots may serve as important reservoirs for the continued existence of populations that are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their restricted marine distributions. Although CWT technology is primitive by modern standards, the enormous amount of data collected in a consistent fashion over decades and contained in an online database provides a unique and underutilized opportunity to address many elusive questions about Pacific salmon. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Weitkamp, L (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 191 EP 214 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900013 ER PT S AU Koehn, JD Eiler, JH McKenzie, JA O'Connor, WG AF Koehn, John D. Eiler, John H. McKenzie, John A. O'Connor, William G. BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI An Improved Method for Obtaining Fine-Scale Location of Radio Tags when Tracking by Boat SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geol Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID MACCULLOCHELLA-PEELII-PEELII; HABITAT SELECTION; RADIOTELEMETRY; COD; FISHES; ERROR AB This study describes an improved method that decreases tracking time but increases accuracy and precision for the fine-scale location of radio tags by reducing the receiving antenna efficiency. Test tags (48-49 MHz) were hidden in a lowland river and independently located by boat tracking using both the antenna reduction method and standard triangulation techniques. The antenna reduction method was found to be faster and more accurate, locating transmitters to within 0.19 +/- 0.13 m (mean +/- SE) of their actual location (error range 0-1.50 m) compared to 19.53 +/- 4.81 m (error range 0-70.00 m) using triangulation. This simple approach can be applied to a wide range of radio telemetry studies and avoids many of the major sources of location error associated with triangulation including minimising the distance between the transmitter and receiver and avoiding the potential need for mapping. C1 [Koehn, John D.; McKenzie, John A.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, 123 Brown St, Heidelberg, Vic 3084, Australia. [Eiler, John H.] Auke Bay Labs Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [McKenzie, John A.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, Heidelberg 3084, Australia. [O'Connor, William G.] Biodivers & Ecosystem Serv, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. RP Koehn, JD (reprint author), Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, 123 Brown St, Heidelberg, Vic 3084, Australia. EM John.Koehn@dse.vic.gov.au FU Murray-Darling Basin Commission; Depai tment of Sustainability and Environment; Victoria FX The authors- thank Damien O'Mahony, Justin O'Connor and Pat O'Leary who assisted with the trials and others who assisted the Murray cod radio tracking project. This work was funded by the Murray-Darling Basin Commission and Depai tment of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. Advice on statistics was provided by Dave Ramsey and valuable comments on manuscript drafts were kindly provided by Matt Jones, Jed MacDonald and the two anonymous reviewers. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 379 EP + PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900024 ER PT S AU Hayes, SA Bond, MH Wells, BK Hanson, CV Jones, AW MacFarlane, RB AF Hayes, Sean A. Bond, Morgan H. Wells, Brian K. Hanson, Chad V. Jones, Andrew W. MacFarlane, R. Bruce BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI Using Archival Tags to Infer Habitat Use of Central California Steelhead and Coho Salmon SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geolog Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID DATA-STORAGE TAGS; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTH PACIFIC; OCEAN; PATTERNS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; RECOVERIES; STREAMS AB We deployed archival temperature loggers on juvenile and adult coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) O. mykiss over both the freshwater and marine portions of their lifecycle in order to study their movements and thermal preferences. Beginning in 2003, loggers were deployed on juvenile coho salmon and juvenile and adult steelhead in a small central California coastal stream. A tag recovery from a coho salmon indicates the fish experienced variable temperatures on a daily to weekly basis in the marine environment (mean 13.3 degrees C, range 10-18 degrees C). Tags recovered from steelhead indicate use of a cooler, more stable, thermal habitat window in the marine environment (mean 11.0 degrees C, range 8-14 degrees C), often with little fluctuation over a period of weeks to months, and most thermal changes occurring at the seasonal time scale. Comparisons of steelhead data with sea surface temperature data suggest a northern migration out of the California Current to a narrow band of habitat that fluctuates between the southern boundary of the Bering Sea and north of the 40th parallel. In the shallow freshwater environment, steelhead appeared to be at the mercy of stream temperatures. However, in the estuary, where thermally variable habitats were available, steelhead used a surprisingly broad temperature range, including entering water thought to challenge their thermal tolerances (>20 degrees C) even when cooler waters were available. Temperature loggers recovered on a local beach and island indicate tagged fish were consumed in the estuary by warm-blooded predators. All of these data coupled with a larger number of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, are helping to identify discrete habitats fish are using, exact dates of ocean entry and return, and enhance our understanding of marine survival and predation. Finally, archival tags may be useful in understanding habitat use of pelagic long-migrating species like steelhead, by tracking individuals in areas where other tagging technologies are poorly suited. C1 [Hayes, Sean A.; Bond, Morgan H.; Wells, Brian K.; Hanson, Chad V.; Jones, Andrew W.; MacFarlane, R. Bruce] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hayes, SA (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sean.hayes@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 471 EP 492 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900032 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Solubility of Atmospheric Gases in Freshwater SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 1 EP 71 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415916-7.00001-2 PG 71 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100002 ER PT J AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Dissolved Gas Concentration in Water Computation as Functions of Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Second Edition Introduction SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP XV EP + PG 5 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100001 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Solubility of Atmospheric Gases in Brackish and Marine Waters SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 73 EP 131 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415916-7.00002-4 PG 59 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100003 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Supersaturation of Gases SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 133 EP 178 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415916-7.00003-6 PG 46 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100004 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Solubility of Noble Gases in the Atmosphere SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 179 EP 197 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415916-7.00004-8 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100005 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Solubility of Trace Gases in the Atmosphere SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415916-7.00005-X PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100006 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Solubility of Gases in Brines SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 213 EP 235 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415916-7.00006-1 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100007 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Physical Properties of Water SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415916-7.00007-3 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100008 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Computation of Gas Solubility SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 253 EP 267 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100009 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Computation of Physical Properties of Water SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100010 ER PT B AU Colt, J AF Colt, John BA Colt, J BF Colt, J TI Computer Programs SO DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATION IN WATER: COMPUTATION AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND PRESSURE, 2ND EDITION SE Elsevier Insights LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415967-9 J9 ELSEV INSIGHT PY 2012 BP 277 EP 285 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BEH37 UT WOS:000316601100011 ER PT B AU Pine, WE Hightower, JE Coggins, LG Lauretta, MV Pollock, KH AF Pine, William E. Hightower, Joseph E. Coggins, Lewis G. Lauretta, Matthew V. Pollock, Kenneth H. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Design and Analysis of Tagging Studies SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VISIBLE IMPLANT ELASTOMER; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TAG REPORTING RATE; ESTIMATING MIGRATION RATES; GROWTH CURVE PARAMETERS; TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; MARK-RECAPTURE; STRIPED BASS; COLORADO RIVER; BLUEFIN TUNA C1 [Pine, William E.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pine, William E.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Lauretta, Matthew V.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pine, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 170 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 521 EP 572 PG 52 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600011 ER PT B AU Rudstam, LG Jech, JM Parker-Stetter, SL Horne, JK Sullivan, PJ Mason, DM AF Rudstam, Lars G. Jech, J. Michael Parker-Stetter, Sandra L. Horne, John K. Sullivan, Patrick J. Mason, Doran M. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Fisheries Acoustics SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SPLIT-BEAM HYDROACOUSTICS; JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT; IN-SITU; RAINBOW-SMELT; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; VOLUME BACKSCATTERING; ECOSYSTEM APPROACH C1 [Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Jech, J. Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Mason, Doran M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Rudstam, LG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. NR 128 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 597 EP 636 PG 40 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600013 ER PT B AU Birkemeier, WA Jensen, RE Bernard, LJ Bouchard, R AF Birkemeier, William A. Jensen, Robert E. Bernard, Landry J. Bouchard, Richard GP IEEE TI IOOS Wave Observations, a National Perspective SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE waves; observations; models; climate; IOOS AB The 2009 National Operational Wave Observation Plan is being updated in 2012 to reflect the present state of the wave observation network and revised to better define priority placements and upgrades, and to identify the stations with the longest data records. The revised plan, which is based on the existing 200 locations, defines a perimeter Backbone network of observing sites and proposes adding 47 new locations and upgrading the directional wave measurement of 87 stations. 10 Rover Buoys are recommended to be used with one year deployments to evaluate regional wave models so that they can be used as virtual wave gauges. The plan also identifies 60 of the existing US backbone locations with record lengths of 20 years or longer (the longest record is 38 years). These Sentinel Stations are critical to understanding climatic changes to the Nation's wave conditions. In this paper, we review the status of the nation's wave observation network, present a number of proposed changes and describe a process using wave models and short-term wave sensor deployments to optimize the wave observations in a particular region. C1 [Birkemeier, William A.; Jensen, Robert E.] ERDC CHL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Bernard, Landry J.; Bouchard, Richard] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Birkemeier, WA (reprint author), ERDC CHL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300269 ER PT B AU Boicourt, WC Li, M Nidzieko, N Kelly, EJ Blumberg, AF Georgas, N Updyke, TG Wilson, WD AF Boicourt, W. C. Li, M. Nidzieko, N. Kelly, E. J. Blumberg, A. F. Georgas, N. Updyke, T. G. Wilson, W. D. GP IEEE TI Observing the Urban Estuary: Review and Prospect SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Urban estuary; observing systems; circulation ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; OCEAN; CURRENTS; MODEL AB Establishing an effective observing system for the urban estuary presents oceanographic and operational challenges beyond those common to the continental shelf and open ocean. Examples are used from the Middle Atlantic Bight estuaries to illustrate that, while emerging technologies are facilitating efforts to establish these systems on a sustainable basis, cooperative efficiencies are likely to be necessary for long-term viability. Models of such cooperation are emerging from IOOS and MARACOOS, helping to encourage a vision of success amidst uncertain forecasts of financial support for the enterprise from traditional sources. C1 [Boicourt, W. C.; Li, M.; Nidzieko, N.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Kelly, E. J.] Maritime Assoc Port NY NJ, New York, NY 10004 USA. [Blumberg, A. F.; Georgas, N.] Ctr Maritime Syst, Stevens Inst Technol, Civil Environm & Ocean Engn Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Updyke, T. G.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Wilson, W. D.] NOAA Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Boicourt, WC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM boicourt@umces.edu; mingli@umces.edu; nidzieko@umces.edu; themaritimeassoc@erols.com; Alan.Blumberg@stevens.edu; ngeorgas@stevens.edu; garner@ccpo.odu.edu; Doug.Wilson@noaa.gov RI Li, Ming/B-3485-2015 OI Li, Ming/0000-0003-1492-4127 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300332 ER PT B AU Chaouchi, M Snowden, D de La Beaujardiere, J Crout, R Bassett, R AF Chaouchi, M. Snowden, D. de La Beaujardiere, J. Crout, R. Bassett, R. GP IEEE TI Ocean Data Integration: Successes and Lessons Learned from the Bleeding Edge SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE data; integration; interoperability; web services AB NOAA's Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS), National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and the U. S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS(R)) Program Office have collaborated for several years on a major data integration project to increase interoperability between data providers and the user community. The ultimate goal of the collaboration was to better serve the information needs of researchers, scientists, operational managers, and the public. In this CWP, we provide some background on the motivation and justification for why CO-OPS and NDBC participated in this effort and elaborate on some of the experiences of these two Federal partners during that project. We enumerate a series of general outcomes of the project and identify lessons learned by CO-OPS, NDBC, and the larger IOOS data management community. Finally, we provide suggestions for community wide expansion of select data integration technologies, where they fit in a larger Data Management and Communications (DMAC) architecture and comments on the unique roles of CO-OPS and NDBC as essential elements of the observational and data management infrastructure of the Integrated Ocean Observing System. C1 [Chaouchi, M.; Snowden, D.; Bassett, R.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [de La Beaujardiere, J.] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Ser, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Crout, R.] Natl Weather Serv, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Bassett, R.] Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Chaouchi, M (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM mohamed.chaouchi@noaa.gov; derrick.snowden@noaa.gov; jeff.delabeaujardiere@noaa.gov; richard.crout@noaa.gov; robert.bassett@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300305 ER PT B AU Crout, RL Brown, A Krumm, J Leung, P Li, CY AF Crout, Richard L. Brown, Andy Krumm, Jordan Leung, Pak Li, Chunyan GP IEEE TI Complexity of Near-Bottom Ocean Currents in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from a Sea-Bed ADCP SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Deep Gulf of Mexico; near-bottom currents; NTL; ADCP; Oil platforms; Topographic Rossby Waves; inertial currents AB The oceanography of the northern Gulf of Mexico is complex. The Loop Current dominates the eastern half of the Gulf and a-periodically shed anti-cyclonic Loop Eddies that move into the western Gulf of Mexico. Wind-generated inertial waves move throughout the water column, carrying surface energy to depth. Stronger inertial currents associated with storm events, including cold front passages. Energy from tropical cyclone winds has been shown to impact near-bottom currents in water nearly two kilometers deep. Topographic Rossby Waves (TRWs), apparently generated by interactions associated with Loop Current and Loop Eddy processes, travel through the northern Gulf of Mexico and accelerate near-bottom currents. Current profile data from a bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) at 1300 meters depth in Green Canyon Block 645, south of the Atchafalaya Bay in Louisiana, are analyzed to investigate these phenomena. The seabed mounted 75 kHz ADCP was installed in June 2005 in response to a Notice to Lessees by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to collect data to insure the safety of drilling and production platforms. The innovative design, supplying power and recovering data from the ADCP via a tether, allows almost continuous receipt of data. The 75 kHz ADCP collects data in 20 meter bins to 500 meters above the ocean bottom at 20 minute intervals. As with all current profile data required by the NTL, the data are transmitted to the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) where they are quality controlled and transmitted to the world's numerical prediction centers. Copies of the raw binary data and the quality controlled data are maintained at NDBC. Statistical and spectral analysis indicates a complex current structure temporally and vertically. Yearly averaged currents are approximately 5 cm/s from May 2005 through May 2010. At 1200 meters, the yearly averaged data range between 3.8 and 5.0 cm/s. The spectral analysis indicates that energy at 1000 and 1200 meter depths are dominated by processes near the inertial frequency (26.08 hours) and in the 17 - 20 day band that is related to Topographic Rossby Waves (TRWs). At 1000 meters, the energy in the two bands is approximately equal. Energy in the TRW frequency band exceeds that in the inertial frequency band at 1200 meters depth. Although the inertial currents are obvious in the data record, they weaken with depth. Individual time series are investigated to determine the impact of Loop Current Eddies and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, and Ike. Periodic currents at approximately 20-day intervals are obvious in the time series data following Loop Eddy generation. A common Loop Eddy path following eddy shedding is near the Green Canyon 645 site. Time series records show intense near-bottom currents. The highest speed currents at this location, exceeding 35 cm/s are associated with the passage of nearby Loop Eddies. Hurricanes also pass near the Green Canyon site and the near bottom currents respond on a delayed basis. C1 [Crout, Richard L.] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Brown, Andy; Krumm, Jordan] EGS MetOcean Sound Syst, Houston, TX USA. [Leung, Pak] GL Noble Denton, Houston, TX USA. [Li, Chunyan] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Richard.crout@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300335 ER PT B AU Crout, RL LeBlanc, L Petraitis, D Bernard, LJ AF Crout, Richard L. LeBlanc, Lex Petraitis, Dawn Bernard, Landry J. GP IEEE TI Internal Wave Signatures in the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array from Paired Moorings SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE OES (IEEE/OES) DE TAO Array; TAO Refresh; Internal Waves; Data comparisons; thermocline; Subsurface Temperature AB In order to replace obsolescent sensors in the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array and comply with the Ten Climate Principles, twenty-nine TAO Refresh buoys were deployed near paired TAO Legacy buoys for approximately one year each. At the end of each deployment, a statistical comparison of the daily averaged data was conducted for each pair of sensors. The results are summarized elsewhere. The subsurface ocean temperature sensor comparisons provided some unexpected results. While the average ocean temperature differences within the mixed-layer and at depth were nearly identical, average temperature differences in the thermocline were higher than expected and not within the statistical accuracy of the sensors. A comparison of the variability of the paired ocean temperature sensors and the amount of drift that occurred during each deployment led to the conclusion that the TAO Refresh sensors were reporting the same oceanographic phenomena as the TAO Legacy sensors. Closer examination of the high resolution (10-minute interval) ocean temperature data within the thermocline exhibited internal wavelike signatures. At some locations within the water column, the temperature at a single depth changes 10 Kelvins over a period of 10 minutes. Although this is an extreme example, it indicates the difficulty in comparing the data from sensors on moorings which were generally less than 5 kilometers apart. The internal wavelike signatures range from small to greater than 100 meter amplitudes. Attempts to apply a phase shift to the data to compensate for the movement of these features were unsuccessful, suggesting that the internal wave signatures were arriving from different directions at various times. These phenomena are prevalent throughout the TAO array. C1 [Crout, Richard L.; LeBlanc, Lex; Petraitis, Dawn; Bernard, Landry J.] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM richard.crout@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300334 ER PT B AU Heitsenrether, RM Davis, E Sprenke, J Teng, CC AF Heitsenrether, Robert M. Davis, Edgar Sprenke, James Teng, Chung-Chu GP IEEE TI Development and Test of a Real-Time Wave Measurement System with an Acoustic Waves and Current Profiler SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) currently maintains twenty operational Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS (R)) observatories throughout United States coastal regions. To expand its measurement capabilities, CO-OPS recently developed and tested a real-time wave measurement system featuring a Nortek 1-MHz Acoustic Waves and Current Profiler (AWAC). The test system consisted of a bottom platform assembly and a surface communications buoy. The bottom assembly contained the AWAC, a LinkQuest omnidirectional acoustic bottom modem, batteries, and a Benthos acoustic release with tethered pop-up float. The surface buoy supported a LinkQuest acoustic surface modem, an Iridium communication system, solar cells, battery, GPS receiver, and temperature and voltage sensors. A 35-day field test of this real-time wave system was conducted from June 16 through July 20, 2011, in shallow water (19 m) Atlantic Ocean region approximately 10 nautical miles off of the coast of Virginia. The site was in close proximity (approximately 190 m) to a Datawell Waverider buoy that is maintained by the Scripps Institute of Oceanography Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP). During the field test, bulk wave parameters, including significant wave height and average wave period, were transmitted real-time every 30 minutes. Raw data recorded internally on the AWAC included 'burst' samples of 2048, 2-Hz values, collected every half hour. After the AWAC was recovered at the end of the field test, raw data were downloaded and used to calculate half hourly power spectra, both non-directional and directional. The resulting field test data were used to compare measurements from the AWAC and Datawell Waverider. A description of the real-time AWAC waves system and field test performance is presented, along with a comparison of AWAC versus Datawell buoy measurements for both half hourly wave bulk parameters and frequency spectra. C1 [Heitsenrether, Robert M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. Chesapeake VA, Atlant Operat Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Heitsenrether, RM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300299 ER PT B AU Howard, M Crout, RL Toll, RF AF Howard, Matthew Crout, Richard L. Toll, Raymond F., Jr. GP IEEE TI US IOOS Program Office Quality Assurance of Real-Time Ocean Data Project SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE IOOS; QARTOD; quality control; certification criteria AB The Quality Assurance of Real-Time Ocean Data (QARTOD) Project is an activity of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Program Office designed to establish and document the minimum quality control and quality assurance procedures a non-federal Regional Information Coordination Entity must perform to meet certification criteria. Regional entities like the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System Regional Association, and others, expect to benefit from certification by gaining federal protection from civil liability associated with dissemination and use of IOOS data and by becoming eligible to compete for future funding opportunities which may require certification. More importantly, these procedures will help ensure that only valid qualified data are inserted into and redistributed by the national data system. C1 [Howard, Matthew] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Crout, Richard L.] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Toll, Raymond F., Jr.] SAIC, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Howard, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300095 ER PT B AU Kaiser, CL Kinsey, JC Pinner, W Yoerger, DR German, CR Van Dover, CL AF Kaiser, Carl L. Kinsey, James C. Pinner, Webb Yoerger, Dana R. German, Christopher R. Van Dover, Cindy Lee GP IEEE TI Satellite Based Remote Management and Operation of a 6000m AUV SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE AUV; Sentry; satellite; telepresence; remote operation; Okeanos Explorer AB During a July, 2012 expedition to the Hatteras Transverse Canyon, Blake Ridge, and Cape Fear Diapir, the AUV Sentry, aboard the NOAA Ship Okeanos, conducted experiments into remote operation of an AUV via satellite link. Remote launch, remote engineering, remote data processing and remote watch standing were all explored with varying degrees of success. Remote engineering and troubleshooting was found to be exceptionally promising and worthy of further effort. Remote data processing was a valuable addition for a telepresence enabled cruise where a substantial component of the science team was on shore. Remore watch standing and remote launch were both found to be viable though requiring improvement. Technology infrastructure is discussed along with successes, difficulties, and recommendations for future improvement. C1 [Kaiser, Carl L.; Kinsey, James C.; Yoerger, Dana R.; German, Christopher R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Pinner, Webb] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Van Dover, Cindy Lee] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Kaiser, CL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. FU NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research Okeanos Explorer program; NSF OCE [1036843]; ONR [N00014- 09- 10500]; NSF [OCE 1031050] FX This work was funded in part by the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research Okeanos Explorer program, in part by NSF OCE 1036843, in part by ONR N00014- 09- 10500 and in part by NSF Bio OCE 1031050 to CLVD. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300119 ER PT B AU Krop, DS Holloway, AG Alberg, DW AF Krop, David S. Holloway, Anna G. Alberg, David W. GP IEEE TI The USS Monitor: A Pioneering Model for Education and Outreach SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE USS Monitor; Mariners' Museum; NOAA; Monitor National Marine Sanctuary; education; outreach; marine archaeology AB In the summer of 2002, staff from NOAA's Monitor National Marine Sanctuary (NOAA) and the U. S. Navy recovered USS Monitor's icon revolving gun turret from the Atlantic Ocean, successfully capping off a multi-year recovery of over 200 tons of artifacts from the wreck site of the Civil War ironclad. Since that time, NOAA and their partners at The Mariners' Museum (TMM) have undertaken a pioneering collaborative effort to promote the historical and cultural significance of this National Historical Landmark. Education and outreach initiatives form the backbone of this collaboration, including an award-winning exhibition and conservation laboratory at The Mariners' Museum, classroom initiatives, distance learning, and events and festivals around the country, all of which have introduced hundreds of thousands of people to the Monitor's story. The goals of this multi-pronged approach are to raise public awareness; encourage public involvement in resource protection; increase knowledge about maritime history, science, and technology; and expand ocean and climate literacy. This paper will examine the methods used by the partnership to achieve these goals and provide a template for best practices in maritime science and history education through a public-private partnership. The USS Monitor Center at The Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia, is the official repository for all artifacts recovered from the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary and associated archives, and it is the central hub of all outreach and education. This 63,500 square foot facility contains the award-winning Ironclad Revolution exhibit, including conserved artifacts, immersive multimedia experiences, and re-created ship interiors. The Monitor Center also houses the Batten Conservation Laboratory, a state-of-the-art marine artifact conservation facility staffed by a team of international experts. NOAA and TMM designed the lab for maximum visitor interplay by incorporating massive viewing platforms and windows into the lab, a series of live web cameras, and periodically offering behind-the-scenes tours. The regular transition of conserved artifacts from the lab into the gallery also allows for a dynamic visitor experience over time. The Monitor Center increases TMM's international profile and simultaneously promotes NOAA's objectives of public awareness of this precious national resource and increases the historical, cultural, and scientific knowledge of mankind's interaction with the ocean. NOAA continues to work with other regional organizations in an education and outreach capacity to tell the USS Monitor's story to a broader audience. These other partners, including the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, North Carolina Aquarium, and Civil War Naval Museum, ultimately engage and encourage the public to visit The Mariners' Museum for a deeper learning and entertainment experience. NOAA is also working with its partners to promote a USS Monitor Trail. Although still in development, this interactive tool will allow people to trace Monitor's story and history from Buffalo, NY to the Hudson Valley and all the way down the East Coast to Hampton Roads where Monitor battled the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia and ultimately to the ship's final resting place within the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary off Hatteras, NC. The Monitor Trail has the potential to link people who previously had little or no understanding of the ironclad to the key locations of the country responsible for transforming the Monitor from a series of conceptual sketches into the savior of the Union Navy and future of naval technology. TMM and NOAA are using other traditional and technologically advanced methods of education and outreach. Experts in the fields of history, science, conservation, and technology offer formal and informal educational programs to groups of all ages. Museum and sanctuary visitors, school systems, lifelong learning groups, and other sanctuary constituents are primary audiences. Distance learning is utilized to target groups outside of the region. A robust interactive video conferencing (IVC) facility allows TMM and NOAA to reach national and international audiences. To date, IVC programs have reached thousands of students in 29 states and 6 countries. Using the Monitor's historical significance as the entry point, NOAA and TMM are able to introduce concepts that transcend a single vessel or moment in time. While the primary purpose for recovering over 1,500 artifacts from the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary was to make Monitor's story accessible to the widest possible audience, it was never intended to be purely a maritime historical story. By pursuing an integrated and immersive educational and outreach experience, TMM and NOAA have pioneered a comprehensive approach to promote awareness and protection not only of the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary's natural and cultural resources, but also that of our nation's oceans. C1 [Krop, David S.; Holloway, Anna G.] Mariners Museum, USS Monitor Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Alberg, David W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Monitor Natl Marine Sanctuary, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Krop, DS (reprint author), Mariners Museum, USS Monitor Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300180 ER PT B AU Landon, TF Heitsenrether, RM AF Landon, Thomas F. Heitsenrether, Robert M. GP IEEE TI New Real-Time Storm Surge Monitoring Network in Mobile Bay, Alabama SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB In the spring of 2012, NOAA's Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS), in partnership with the Mobile County Commission, established the first of it's kind Mobile Bay Storm Surge Monitoring Network (MBSSMN). The combination of Mobile Bay's long and narrow coastline boundaries, unique bathymetry, mouth opening to the Gulf of Mexico, and extensive tributary network results in a complex hydrodynamic system where water levels can vary significantly in space and time depending on the combined forcing from tides, winds, and pressure that may occur. The task of establishing a storm surge monitoring network involved installation of five new hurricane-hardened water level stations strategically located throughout coastal Mobile County. With permission from the Alabama State Port Authority, this project's data is combined with the data provided by multiple stations in CO-OPS' existing Mobile Physical Oceanographic Real Time System (PORTS)(R). This provides stakeholders with a unique offering of spatially densified water level, meteorological, and tidal current data available on the Mobile PORTS (R) web page. Mobile County now has a total of eight real time water level observatories to provide full data coverage of its coastline from the Mississippi State line to Chickasaw in the Mobile River Delta at the north end of the county. MBSSMN is also the first local storm surge network in the country to have five of its monitoring stations elevated to Category Five modeled storm surge heights, ensuring the collection of data when it is needed most critically. The network will provide data and products that are critical for coastal resource management across the region on an ongoing basis, but most importantly supporting emergency management decisions before and during the passage of the most severe episodic storm events. Due to challenging station requirements and limited infrastructure in key locations, CO-OPS opted to employ remote radar range sensors to measure water level. Utilization of radar gauges for this purpose provided many operational advantages. After several years of testing, this radar sensor is being used operationally for the first time by CO-OPS, with excellent results after its first year of data collection. The first three MBSSMN stations were installed atop state highway bridges in southern Mobile County. This setup was possible due to the radar water level sensor's ability to measure the sea surface remotely from above, with no components in contact with the water column. Installation of the first three stations was completed in July 2011 and the first storm surge event to be captured was during the passage of Tropical Storm Lee in September 2011. The final two stations are elevated four pile structures that were constructed to raise the instrumentation above the maximum modeled Category Five hurricane storm surge height (22-25 feet above NAVD88). This paper will summarize the unique project requirements, committed stakeholder support, inventive problem resolution, and superb data quality that identify the MBSSMN as a template for future collaborative efforts of this type. A summary overview of the water level station designs will be presented along with observations collected during the passage of Tropical Storm Lee and other high wind surge events. Sample water level data that have been collected across the five network stations during storm events provide examples of temporal and spatial variability of a surge event in Mobile Bay. C1 [Landon, Thomas F.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Heitsenrether, Robert M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. RP Landon, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300262 ER PT B AU Lanerolle, LWJ Paternostro, CL Dusek, G McLaughlin, LR Lanerolle, LWJ Skaling, S AF Lanerolle, Lyon W. J. Paternostro, Christopher L. Dusek, Gregory McLaughlin, Laura Rear Lanerolle, Lyon W. J. Skaling, Sean GP IEEE TI An Assessment of the Renewable Hydrokinetic Energy Potential in Cook Inlet, Alaska SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE tidal; hydrokinetic energy; numerical model; ROMS; digital elevation map; power density; extraction time ID BULK PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL; OCEAN; EXPLICIT; SURFACE; SYSTEM AB In this article, Rutgers University's Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) was employed with tidal forcing only to carry out a numerical assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of hydrokinetic energy in Cook Inlet, Alaska by using the power density metric as a proxy. Power density maps showed that the optimal locations for turbine placement were the strait between West and East Foreland and the Anchor Point, North Foreland, Point Possession, northern Fire Island and Knik Arm regions. This assessment will be repeated using a full synoptic hindcast carried out for the June 20-August 20, 2012 time period to simulate realistic conditions. The final assessment from this modeling study will be provided to the Alaska Energy Authority to aid in siting hydrokinetic turbine projects. C1 [Lanerolle, Lyon W. J.; Paternostro, Christopher L.; Dusek, Gregory; McLaughlin, Laura Rear] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lanerolle, Lyon W. J.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Skaling, Sean] Alaska Energy Author, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Lanerolle, LWJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Lyon.Lanerolle@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300089 ER PT B AU Lindley, C Zervas, C AF Lindley, Carolyn Zervas, Chris GP IEEE TI Exceedance Probability Statistics: the Likelihood that Coastal Water Levels Will Reach Extreme Elevations SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE OES (IEEE/OES) DE Extreme water levels; storm tides; exceedance probability; sea levels AB The Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) has developed a web-based product (http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/est) to provide online access to exceedance probability statistics at approximately 110 long-term National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON) stations. Each of these stations has at least 30 years of data. The analysis is based on the observed monthly extreme water levels tabulated for the period of record for each station. C1 [Lindley, Carolyn; Zervas, Chris] NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lindley, C (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300130 ER PT B AU Mineart, GM Furgerson, JA AF Mineart, Gary M. Furgerson, John A. GP IEEE TI Ocean Water-Leaving Radiance Measurements by the Joint Polar Satellite System SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE JPSS; NOAA; satellite; requirements; water-leaving radiance; ocean color; chlorophyll; validation ID COLOR ALGORITHM AB Measurements of ocean remote sensing multispectral optical reflectance by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) have become increasingly important to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in plans for satisfying operational requirements for ocean and coastal observations. Such observations are used to derive water-leaving radiance information from which operational applications of importance to public health, safety, and commerce depend, including the detection and monitoring of harmful algal blooms. The higher NOAA priority stems from the recent loss or advanced age of legacy ocean color missions combined with the absence of supporting multispectral or hyperspectral sensing capabilities in other planned Earth observing satellite systems. The JPSS capability will provide ocean remote sensing reflectance in the five visible wavelength bands of the Visible Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) from which normalized water-leaving radiance, inherent optical properties, and Chlorophyll-a concentration may be derived. VIIRS near-infrared wavelength bands are used to calculate the required atmospheric corrections and account for the 80-90% of the top-of-atmosphere radiance. The associated JPSS data product performance requirements have matured in comparison to heritage polar satellite requirements. Enhancements to the JPSS requirements include expanded measurement ranges for Chlorophyll-a and optical scattering and absorption, application of measurement accuracy and precision requirements exclusively to the VIIRS visible blue band, a prescription for normalized water-leaving radiance errors in the contributing visible bands so that they are spectrally correlated as observed in heritage data, an extension of the minimum ocean depth subject to accuracy and precision requirements to 30 m, and additional delivery of retrieved data in regions classified by the VIIRS Land-Water Mask as Coastal and Inland Waters. Preliminary science validation results using initial VIIRS data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership, a risk-reduction mission for JPSS, indicate excellent potential for fully satisfying operational requirements for ocean color observations. C1 [Mineart, Gary M.] Noblis Inc, Ctr Sustainabil, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Furgerson, John A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOAA JPSS Program Off, Lanham, MD USA. RP Mineart, GM (reprint author), Noblis Inc, Ctr Sustainabil, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM gary.mineart@noblis.org; john.furgerson@noaa.gov FU NOAA under Noblis [DG133E- 12- BA- 0017] FX Support for this paper was provided in part by NOAA under Noblis Contract DG133E- 12- BA- 0017, Call Order 3/ 7. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300038 ER PT B AU Moustahfid, H Jech, MM Weise, MJ Horne, JK O'Dor, R Alexander, C AF Moustahfid, Hassan Jech, Michael M. Weise, Michael J. Horne, John K. O'Dor, Ron Alexander, Charles GP IEEE TI Advancing "Bio" Sensor Integration with Ocean Observing Systems to Support Ecosystem Based Approaches SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE "Bio" sensor; Ocean Observing Systems; US IOOS; Ecosystem-Based Approaches ID IN-SITU; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; PREDATOR; PLANKTON AB The vision of the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (U. S. IOOS) is to provide information and services to the nation for enhancing our understanding of the ecosystem and climate; sustaining living marine resources; improving public health and safety; reducing impacts of natural hazards and environmental changes; and expanding support for marine commerce and transportation. In the last decade U. S. IOOS has made considerable progress in advancing physical and chemical observing systems, but only modest progress integrating biological observations from disparate data providers, and there remain challenges to fully integrate biological observing systems into U. S. IOOS. Recent technological advances in miniature, low power "bio" sensor can record everything from plankton greater than 20 micrometer with electro-optical technology, to hydroacoustic sensors that can record meso-zooplankton and nekton from mobile autonomous platforms, to satellite linked recorders that can record the movement and behavior of the largest marine predators. This opens up remarkable opportunities for observing the biotic realm at critical spatio-temporal scales that are most relevant to organisms, which have been out of reach until present. "bio" sensor technology is mature and proven to be operational and biological monitoring should be an integrated component of observing systems. Optimally, it should be clearly defined and implemented in close association with physical oceanographers. The integration of biological observing into U. S IOOS will only strengthen the national observing capabilities to respond to the growing needs for ecosystem observation to support ecosystem-based approaches and sustain our living marine resources. C1 [Moustahfid, Hassan; Alexander, Charles] NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jech, Michael M.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Weise, Michael J.] US Navy, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [O'Dor, Ron] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Moustahfid, H (reprint author), NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Hassan.Moustahfid@noaa.gov; jhorne@uw.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300333 ER PT B AU Moustahfid, H Link, J O'Dor, R AF Moustahfid, Hassan Link, Jason O'Dor, Ron GP IEEE TI Detecting trajectories of change in marine ecosystems: biotic indicators for observing systems SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Ecosystem indicators; biological variables; Ocean Observing System; ecosystem assessments ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FISH COMMUNITY; CRITERIA; FRAMEWORK AB Federal, regional, state, territorial, tribal, and local aquatic resource review processes have all moved towards implementation of Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM). This provides an opportunity to improve ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes stewardship versus continuing with a fragmented, sector-specific process that only looks at individual components of or influences on an ecosystem. To accomplish this goal, EBM requires integrated ecosystem assessments. These assessments require observing data that reflect the pressures and responses that are of concern to managers. Monitoring and indicators of the physical aspects of marine systems are well developed, as is the development and application of models for the physical features of marine ecosystems. Although extant and monitored, relative to physical features, indicators of marine habitat and the biota need to be better integrated with Ocean Observing Systems. This will ensure sufficient monitoring to detect critical changes in marine ecosystems. Here we review a suite of such ecosystem indicators to measure change in the biological properties of marine ecosystems. From that, we provide recommendations for their integration within the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S IOOS). C1 [Moustahfid, Hassan] US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Link, Jason] NOAA, Fisher NE Fisher Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [O'Dor, Ron] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Moustahfid, H (reprint author), US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Hassan.Moustahfid@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300273 ER PT B AU Patterson, M Marston, R Christopher, S Jacobs, A McDonald, A Nicinska, J Chadwick, R AF Patterson, M. Marston, R. Christopher, S. Jacobs, A. McDonald, Alexander Nicinska, Justyna Chadwick, Russ GP IEEE TI Control of Tactical-Scale, Micro-Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) Ocean Observations Platforms Systems and Observations SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE EMILY; micro-USV; sensors; autonomous navigation; modeling; hurricane; unmanned surface vessels AB As sensors, communications devices and automation becomes more capable and powerful, there is an increase in the use of unmanned systems of all types. This paper describes the development and testing of a micro-USV platform based around an initial design capability called EMILY, for three different applications; expeditionary science missions, littoral mapping exercises and new techniques to track hurricanes while continuously gathering data from within the eye. Each of these applications has different requirements and these are discussed briefly for the first two applications and in detail for the third, hurricane application. C1 [Patterson, M.; Marston, R.; Christopher, S.; Jacobs, A.] Hydronalix, 1691 W Duval Commerce Court,141, Green Valley, AZ 85614 USA. [McDonald, Alexander; Nicinska, Justyna; Chadwick, Russ] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Patterson, M (reprint author), Hydronalix, 1691 W Duval Commerce Court,141, Green Valley, AZ 85614 USA. EM Mark.patterson@hydronalix.com; Rori.marston@hydronalix.com; alexander.e.macdonald@noaa.gov; Justyna.nicinska@noaa.gov FU NOAA [RA133R-11 CN-0188]; U.S. Navy [DAAH01-02-C-R190/W31P4Q-06-C-R190/ W31P4Q-10-C-R190]; University of Arizona; GLIMS program; Heavy Fuels Engineering (Tucson); Battelfield Engineering (Canada) FX The authors wish to thank NOAA who partially funding this effort under contract # RA133R-11 CN-0188 and to the U.S. Navy who partially funded this work through contract # DAAH01-02-C-R190/W31P4Q-06-C-R190/ W31P4Q- 10-C-R190. We would also like to thank Dr Jeff Kargel (University of Arizona) who helped fund this work through the GLIMS program, Seebyte (Scotland), Heavy Fuels Engineering (Tucson), Battelfield Engineering (Canada) who provided technical support and hardware to accompany some of these efforts, and to James Fink, Geophysicist/ consultant Tucson. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300217 ER PT B AU Taylor, CM Smith, B Stein, D AF Taylor, Christine M. Smith, Brian Stein, David GP IEEE TI The Role of MarineCadastre.gov in Offshore Energy Planning SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE Renewable Energy; Marine; Cadastre; GIS; Marine Spatial Planning; Data-sharing; North Carolina; South Carolina; Task Force Meeting AB Many states along the U. S. East Coast are engaged in offshore wind energy planning through the Renewable Energy Task Force process led by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). Participants from federal, state, and local government use the task forces as a venue to share information and minimize potential conflicts between existing ocean uses and offshore wind farm construction and operations. Task force participants often only make information available in static map form, making comparisons between data sets challenging. To address this, the North and South Carolina Renewable Energy Task Forces are collaborating with the MarineCadastre.gov team to facilitate data sharing. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and BOEM have been collaborating since 2007 on MarineCadastre. gov, an integrated marine information system that provides jurisdictional, legal, physical, ecological, and ocean use data in a common geographic information system (GIS) framework. The MarineCadastre. gov website was developed in response to a call for a marine information system to support alternative energy development on the outer continental shelf in section 388 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Although the website has been designed specifically to support renewable energy siting within the U. S. outer continental shelf, it is also being used for various other ocean-related efforts. The MarineCadastre. gov website has three primary focus areas: Web map viewers and decision-support tools, a spatial data registry, and technical support and regional capacity building. The North and South Carolina Wind Energy Task Forces are combining national-scale data from the website with information specific to their planning areas into simple viewers available in the Map Gallery section of the website. This approach allows users to assess and minimize potential conflicts of offshore wind energy development and operation with existing ocean uses. Multiple issues, such as fishing, shipping, and defense, are viewed and considered simultaneously, in one location, allowing members of the task force to see their own data in a wider context. This enhances the utility of the information that was previously compared using static maps. Users can turn data layers on and off and pan and zoom to specific locations in the planning area as questions arise. The North and South Carolina Wind Energy Task Force data viewers are a simple but powerful mechanism for identifying areas of potential incompatibility, enhancing communication between task force members, and increasing the overall effectiveness of the task force process. The overarching goal of this work is to support the BOEM task forces in making sound decisions with the best available spatial information to facilitate responsible siting of offshore renewable energy infrastructure. This presentation will provide an overview of the primary focus areas of the MarineCadastre.gov project and its underlying technology, with particular attention given to the collaborations with the BOEM-led renewable energy task forces in North and South Carolina. Details on how these two BOEM task forces are incorporating use of the data viewers into their decision-making processes, the types of data being considered, and potential next steps for analyzing the spatial information in a group setting will be discussed. C1 [Taylor, Christine M.] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Dept Interior, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Smith, Brian; Stein, David] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Dept Commerce, Charleston, SC USA. RP Taylor, CM (reprint author), Bur Ocean Energy Management, Dept Interior, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. EM Christine.Taylor@boem.gov; Brian.M.Smith@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300285 ER PT J AU Montzka, SA AF Montzka, Stephen A. GP ASHRAE NIST TI HFCs in the Atmosphere: Concentrations, Emissions and Impacts SO ASHRAE/NIST REFRIGERANTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE/NIST Refrigerants Conference CY OCT 29-30, 2012 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD SP ASHRAE, NIST HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID MONTREAL PROTOCOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GASES; AIR; CO2; VARIABILITY; FIRN AB Concentrations of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have increased in the global background atmosphere in recent years. By 2011 global mean HFC concentrations ranged from <= 1 parts per trillion for HFC-227ea to 65 ppt for HFC-134a. Although HFCs in the atmosphere do not deplete ozone, they are greenhouse gases (GHGs) that exert a warming influence on Earth's climate. Total direct heating supplied by all HFCs in 2011 was 0.019 W m(-2), which is <= 1% of the heating supplied by fossil-fuel-derived carbon dioxide (1.8 W m(-2)) or anthropogenic methane (0.5 W m(-2)) in the atmosphere. This warming influence, known also as radiative forcing, is currently small for HFCs because their concentrations are more than 6 orders of magnitude smaller than CO2. A comprehensive assessment of climate impacts of different GHGs, however, also accounts for their influence on climate integrated over time following their release to the atmosphere. This is important particularly for GHGs because some remain in the atmosphere for only days, while others have lifetimes longer than a century. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) provides a measure of the time-integrated radiative forcing arising from an emission of a GHG relative to that from an equivalent emission (by mass) of carbon dioxide. Most HFCs emitted to the atmosphere today have 100-year GWPs ranging from 100 to 14000, which are many times larger than CO2 (GWP = 1). Large increases in use and emission of high-GWP HFCs projected in the future imply a similarly large increase in radiative forcing from HFCs. Such an increase would offset much of the climate gains supplied by the Montreal Protocol in phasing out chlorofluorocarbons. The climate impact of future HFC use, however, would be minimized if the mix of HFCs (or other chemicals) adopted as substitutes had substantially lower GWPs than those in use today. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Montzka, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA PY 2012 BP 17 EP 29 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BDW76 UT WOS:000315413200002 ER PT J AU McLinden, MO Domanski, PA Kazakov, A Heo, J Brown, JS AF McLinden, Mark O. Domanski, Piotr A. Kazakov, Andrei Heo, Jaehyeok Brown, J. Steven GP ASHRAE NIST TI Possibilities, Limits, and Tradeoffs for Refrigerants in the Vapor Compression Cycle SO ASHRAE/NIST REFRIGERANTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE/NIST Refrigerants Conference CY OCT 29-30, 2012 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD SP ASHRAE, NIST HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID RATE CONSTANTS; HYDROXYL; PURE AB We explore the possibilities for refrigerants having low global warming potential (GWP) by use of two distinct, but complementary, approaches. In the first approach, we evaluate the effect of a refrigerant's fundamental thermodynamic parameters on its performance in the simple vapor compression cycle and several variations on the basic cycle; this defines the limits of what is thermodynamically possible for a refrigerant. The analysis employs evolutionary algorithms, and it identifies the critical temperature, critical pressure, and ideal-gas heat capacity as the most significant fluid parameters. There is a fundamental tradeoff between high efficiency and high volumetric capacity for the vapor compression cycle. Performance differences between refrigerants in the simple cycle can be reduced by proper cycle modifications. In the second approach, we examine more than 56 000 chemical compounds from a public-domain database of chemical structures. A subset of about 1200 candidate fluids is identified by applying screening criteria to estimates for GWP, flammability, stability, toxicity, and critical temperature. The fluids with critical temperatures below 400 K (i.e., those that could be used in current equipment with minor modifications), are dominated by halogenated olefins. Additional chemical families, including ethers and cyclic compounds, are represented among the fluids having critical temperatures above 400 K. C1 [McLinden, Mark O.; Kazakov, Andrei] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Domanski, Piotr A.; Heo, Jaehyeok] NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brown, J. Steven] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP McLinden, MO (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE002057] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under contract no. DE-EE002057 with A. Bouza and B. Habibzadeh serving as Project Managers. We also thank our collaborators J. Wojtusiak of George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, and J. Filliben and A. Pintar of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA PY 2012 BP 49 EP 68 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BDW76 UT WOS:000315413200004 ER PT S AU Stutzman, PE AF Stutzman, Paul E. BE Broekmans, MATM Pollmann, H TI Microscopy of Clinker and Hydraulic Cements SO APPLIED MINERALOLGY OF CEMENT & CONCRETE SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter AB Microscopy has played an essential part in developing our knowledge of Portland cement clinker phase composition, and is routinely used to monitor kiln operating conditions to insure cement quality. Our developing understanding of the phase composition of clinker coincides with the early days of the polarized light microscope where the then-new instrument was used to resolve conflicting theories on the phase constituents of cement clinker, essentially a man-made rock formed through sintering a ground, blended mixture of limestone, clay, and iron oxides. The phase abundance, distribution and texture of cement clinker reflect the combination of proportioning, grinding, and homogenization of the raw materials, and the firing and cooling history of the clinkering process. The ability to visualize, record and quantify phase compositional and textural attributes of the clinker allowed cement chemists a view into this process, to develop a better understanding on clinker production, and to be able to identify problems in the preparation and firing of the raw materials for improved production of the clinker. Today, most microscopy uses polished sections of clinker and reflected light, and quantitative methods include the point-count analysis, as well as image processing and analysis. The development of certified clinker reference materials have facilitated the development of the first standard test methods for clinker microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The application of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) allows analysis of the fine-grained, multi-phase particles of hydraulic cements and pozzolans, expanded our view into their mineralogical and textural characterization. Modeling the hydration process has developed to the point where selected properties of cement performance may be predicted from a well-characterized cement through microscopy. Cement phase mineralogy and textural characteristics, captured through SEM imaging, and particle shape characteristics quantified through X-ray tomography has allowed the generation of 3D virtual cement particles that retain the phase and textural attributes, providing realistic inputs to cement hydration models. C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stutzman, PE (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Stutz@nist.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-88-1 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2012 VL 74 BP 101 EP 145 DI 10.2138/rmg.2012.74.3 PG 45 WC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Construction & Building Technology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA BDY09 UT WOS:000315604700003 ER PT S AU Luukanen, A Leivo, MM Rautiainen, A Gronholm, M Toivanen, H Gronberg, L Helisto, P Mayra, A Aikio, M Grossman, EN AF Luukanen, A. Leivo, M. M. Rautiainen, A. Gronholm, M. Toivanen, H. . Gronberg, L. Helisto, P. Mayra, A. Aikio, M. Grossman, E. N. GP IOP TI Applications of superconducting bolometers in security imaging SO 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT26), PTS 1-5 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT) CY AUG 10-17, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID MICROBOLOMETER; NOISE AB Millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging systems are currently undergoing deployment World-wide for airport security screening applications. Security screening through MMW imaging is facilitated by the relatively good transmission of these wavelengths through common clothing materials. Given the long wavelength of operation (frequencies between 20 GHz to similar to 100 GHz, corresponding to wavelengths between 1.5 cm and 3 mm), existing systems are suited for close-range imaging only due to substantial diffraction effects associated with practical aperture diameters. The present and arising security challenges call for systems that are capable of imaging concealed threat items at stand-off ranges beyond 5 meters at near video frame rates, requiring substantial increase in operating frequency in order to achieve useful spatial resolution. The construction of such imaging systems operating at several hundred GHz has been hindered by the lack of submm-wave low-noise amplifiers. In this paper we summarize our efforts in developing a submm-wave video camera which utilizes cryogenic antenna-coupled microbolometers as detectors. Whilst superconducting detectors impose the use of a cryogenic system, we argue that the resulting back-end complexity increase is a favorable trade-off compared to complex and expensive room temperature submm-wave LNAs both in performance and system cost. C1 [Luukanen, A.; Leivo, M. M.; Rautiainen, A.; Gronholm, M.; Toivanen, H. .; Gronberg, L.; Helisto, P.; Mayra, A.; Aikio, M.] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Espoo, Finland. [Grossman, E. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Luukanen, A (reprint author), VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Espoo, Finland. EM arttu.luukanen@vtt.fi FU Finnish Funding Agency [40246/10]; European Space Agency [22905/09/NL/JD] FX The authors acknowledge the support of EU FP7 security research project "Integrated Mobile Security Kit", TEKES, the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (funding decision 40246/10), and the European Space Agency (Contract No. 22905/09/NL/JD). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 400 AR UNSP 052018 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/400/5/052018 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BDU76 UT WOS:000314977100457 ER PT J AU Pozo, R AF Pozo, Roldan BE Yetongnon, K Chbeir, R Dipanda, A Gallo, L TI Efficient Q-matrix computation for the visualization of complex networks SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL IMAGE TECHNOLOGY & INTERNET BASED SYSTEMS (SITIS 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems (SITIS) CY NOV 25-29, 2012 CL Univ Bourgogne, Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, INCAR HO Univ Bourgogne AB The Q-matrix representation of a large network graph is a transformation yielding meaningful visualizations which can reveal internal structure, help classify networks according to their application area, and in some cases distinguish and identify real networks from synthetically generated data. However, the issue remains whether computing the Q-matrix is prohibitively expensive for problem sizes encountered in practice. Given an undirected network graph, we describe an efficient near-linear time algorithm for computing its Q-matrix. Besides providing theoretical bounds, we present experimental results showing that application networks with millions of edges and vertices can be processed in seconds on desktop computers. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pozo, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pozo@nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-4911-8 PY 2012 BP 762 EP 767 DI 10.1109/SITIS.2012.115 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDW60 UT WOS:000315360300104 ER PT S AU Ates, S Sapienza, L Davano, M Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Ates, Serkan Sapienza, Luca Davano, Marcelo Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Bright single photon emission from a quantum dot in a circular dielectric grating SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a single photon source based on a single quantumdot in a circular grating microcavity and measure a collection efficiency of 10%. Tradeoffs between suppressed multi-photon probability and Purcell enhancement are investigated. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Ates, Serkan; Sapienza, Luca; Davano, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ates, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serkan.ates@nist.gov RI Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402379 ER PT S AU Blakestad, RB Ospelkaus, C VanDevender, AP Wesenberg, JH Biercuk, MJ Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Blakestad, R. B. Ospelkaus, C. VanDevender, A. P. Wesenberg, J. H. Biercuk, M. J. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. GP IEEE TI Transport of Trapped-ion Qubits in a Scalable Architecture SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID QUANTUM COMPUTER; ATOMIC IONS; MANIPULATION; STATES; ARRAY AB Trapped-ion qubits can be transported through a two-dimensional trap array, while maintaining the ions near the motional ground-state. This helps demonstrate the viability of large-scale quantum processor architectures using trapped-ions. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Blakestad, R. B.; Ospelkaus, C.; VanDevender, A. P.; Wesenberg, J. H.; Biercuk, M. J.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Blakestad, RB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM blakestad@gmail.com RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009; Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010 OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936; NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402236 ER PT S AU Brida, G Ciavarella, L Dagrada, M Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M Migdall, A Mingolla, MG Paris, MGA Piacentini, F Polyakov, SV AF Brida, G. Ciavarella, L. Dagrada, M. Degiovanni, I. P. Genovese, M. Migdall, A. Mingolla, M. G. Paris, M. G. A. Piacentini, F. polyakov, S. V. GP IEEE TI Entanglement-assisted calibration of a photon-number-resolving detector SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID RECONSTRUCTION AB Here we present the first experimental entanglement-assisted quantum characterization of an unknown photon-number-resolvingdetector, i.e. the reconstruction of its positive operator-valued measure (POVM), obtained by exploiting the quantum correlations of at win-beam generated by parametric down conversion (PDC). (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Brida, G.; Ciavarella, L.; Dagrada, M.; Degiovanni, I. P.; Genovese, M.; Mingolla, M. G.; Paris, M. G. A.; Piacentini, F.] INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Paris, M. G. A.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Paris, M. G. A.] Udr Milano, CNISM, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Migdall, A.; polyakov, S. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, A.; polyakov, S. V.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brida, G (reprint author), INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM f.piacentini@inrim.it NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403186 ER PT S AU Davanco, M Thurston, B Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Thurston, Bryce Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Towards quantum frequency conversion via non-degenerate four-wave mixing in nanophotonic waveguides SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID DOT AB Low-noise wavelength conversion through non-degenerate four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in SiNx waveguides is demonstrated. Two 1550 nm pumps are used to achieve tunable conversion of a 980 nm signal over a range of 10 nm. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Thurston, Bryce; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401049 ER PT S AU Del'Haye, P Papp, S Diddams, S AF Del'Haye, Pascal Papp, Scott Diddams, Scott GP IEEE TI An All-Optical Resonator Stabilization Scheme with Laser Machined SiO2 Microresonators SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID FREQUENCY; GENERATION; COMBS AB We present a novel fabrication method for ultra-high-Q fused silica microresonators using CO2 laser machining. These resonators are used to investigate an all-optical stabilization scheme of their mode spectrum with a frequency doubled control laser. C1 [Del'Haye, Pascal; Papp, Scott; Diddams, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Del'Haye, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401017 ER PT S AU Ferdous, F Miao, HX Leaird, DE Srinivasan, K Chen, L Aksyuk, V Weiner, AM AF Ferdous, Fahmida Miao, Houxun Leaird, Daniel E. Srinivasan, Kartik Chen, Lei Aksyuk, Vladimir Weiner, A. M. GP IEEE TI Time Domain Study of On-Chip Microresonator Frequency Combs SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID GENERATION AB We report time domain properties of microresonator combs formed with the initial sidebands spaced by multiple free spectral ranges that then fill in to give combs with single free-spectral-range spacing. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Ferdous, Fahmida; Leaird, Daniel E.; Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Chen, Lei; Aksyuk, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Indiana, PA 47907 USA. RP Ferdous, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM fferdous@purdue.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401012 ER PT S AU Gerrits, T Calkins, B Tomlin, N Lita, AE Migdall, A Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Gerrits, T. Calkins, B. Tomlin, N. Lita, A. E. Migdall, A. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI Extending Single-Photon Optimized Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors beyond the single-photon counting regime SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We illuminate a photon-number-resolving transition edge sensor with strong pulses of light containing up to 6.7 million photons (0.85 pJ per pulse). These bright pulses heat the sensor far beyond its transition edge into the normal resistance regime. We show that the sensor operates from the single-photon-counting regime to picowatt levels of light and that the detection noise is below shot-noise for up to 1000 photons. C1 [Gerrits, T.; Calkins, B.; Tomlin, N.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerrits@boulder.nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403247 ER PT S AU Gerrits, T Thomas-Peter, N Gates, JC Lita, AE Metcalf, BJ Calkins, B Tomlin, NA Fox, AE Linares, AL Spring, JB Langford, NK Mirin, RP Smith, PGR Walmsley, IA Nam, SW AF Gerrits, T. Thomas-Peter, N. Gates, J. C. Lita, A. E. Metcalf, B. J. Calkins, B. Tomlin, N. A. Fox, A. E. Linares, A. Lamas Spring, J. B. Langford, N. K. Mirin, R. P. Smith, P. G. R. Walmsley, I. A. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI On-chip, photon-number-resolving, telecom-band detectors for scalable photonic information processing SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate an integrated photon-number resolving detector, operating in the telecom band at 1550 nm, employing an evanescently coupled design that allows the detector to be placed at arbitrary locations within a planar optical circuit. Up to 5 photons are resolved in the guided optical mode via absorption from the evanescent field into a tungsten transition-edge sensor. The detection efficiency of the absorbing tungsten region is 7.2 %. C1 [Gerrits, T.; Lita, A. E.; Calkins, B.; Tomlin, N. A.; Fox, A. E.; Linares, A. Lamas; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thomas-Peter, N.; Metcalf, B. J.; Spring, J. B.; Langford, N. K.; Walmsley, I. A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Gates, J. C.; Smith, P. G. R.; Nam, S. W.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerrits@boulder.nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403183 ER PT S AU Giorgetta, FR Baumann, E Knabe, K Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Giorgetta, F. R. Baumann, E. Knabe, K. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI High-resolution Ranging of a Diffuse Target at Sub-Millisecond Intervals with a Calibrated FMCW Lidar SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID ABSOLUTE DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; LASER; PULSES AB We demonstrate a FMCW Lidar with a frequency-calibrated laser modulated over 1 THz at similar to 1 kHz modulation frequency. Range to a diffuse target is measured at 0.5 ms intervals with 150 mm resolution and similar to 1 mm precision. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.; Knabe, K.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fabrizio.giorgetta@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400188 ER PT S AU Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Coddington, I Baumann, E Deschenes, JD Sinclair, L Zolot, AM Newbury, NR AF Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Swann, William C. Coddington, Ian Baumann, Esther Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Sinclair, Laura Zolot, Alexander M. Newbury, Nathan R. GP IEEE TI Two-Way Link for Time Interval Comparison of Optical Clocks over Free-Space SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE AB We demonstrate a free-space link for clock comparisons based on the two-way exchange of pulse trains from combs. The residual uncertainty is 5 x 10-(17) in 100 seconds over a 120 m air path, with longer distances possible. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William C.; Coddington, Ian; Baumann, Esther; Sinclair, Laura; Zolot, Alexander M.; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Deschenes, Jean-Daniel] Univ Laval, Ctr opt photon laser, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fabrizio@nist.gov RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401123 ER PT S AU Glasser, RT Vogl, U Lett, PD AF Glasser, Ryan T. Vogl, Ulrich Lett, Paul D. GP IEEE TI Generation of pulses with negative group velocities via four-wave mixing in Rb-85 SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We generate pairs of superluminal pulses via four-wave mixing. A relative pulse peak advancement of the seed pulses of > 50% is demonstrated. Generated conjugate pulses can propagate with negative group velocities of up to v(g) = -1/880c. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Glasser, Ryan T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glasser, RT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rglasser@nist.gov RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403281 ER PT S AU Glorieux, Q Clark, J Marino, AM Lett, PD AF Glorieux, Q. Clark, J. Marino, A. M. Lett, P. D. GP IEEE TI Atomic diffusion effects on the coherent storage of an image using a gradient echo memory in a warm atomic vapor SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We experimentally study the effect of atomic diffusion on the quality of an image stored in the long-lived ground state coherence of a warm atomic ensemble using a gradient echo memory. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Glorieux, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glorieux, Q (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM quentin.glorieux@nist.gov RI Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402059 ER PT S AU Hartl, I Lee, CC Mohr, C Bethge, J Suzuki, S Fermann, ME Schibli, TR AF Hartl, I. Lee, C. -C. Mohr, C. Bethge, J. Suzuki, S. Fermann, M. E. Schibli, T. R. GP IEEE TI Ultra-low phase-noise Tm-fiber frequency comb with an intra-cavity graphene electro-optic modulator SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB An intracavity, sub-micrometer thin graphene electro-optic modulator enables orthogonal offset-frequency control much beyond the stimulated lifetime of the gain medium. We demonstrate this new locking scheme in a Tm:fiber comb with record-low residual phase noise. C1 [Hartl, I.; Mohr, C.; Bethge, J.; Fermann, M. E.] IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lee, C. -C.; Suzuki, S.; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hartl, I (reprint author), IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM ihartl@imra.com FU NSF [ECS-0335765]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [YFA N66001-11-1-4156] FX We gratefully acknowledge partial funding from NSF under Grant No. ECS-0335765 and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Contract No. YFA N66001-11-1-4156. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401002 ER PT S AU Kirchner, M Niedringhaus, A Durfee, C Raymondson, D Wise, F Nugent-Glandorf, L Kapteyn, H Murnane, M Backus, S AF Kirchner, Matt Niedringhaus, Andrew Durfee, Charles Raymondson, Daisy Wise, Frank Nugent-Glandorf, Lora Kapteyn, Henry Murnane, Margaret Backus, Sterling GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped by an All Normal Dispersion (ANDi) Yb:Fiber Oscillator SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID FIBER LASER; MU-M AB We describe a 13 nJ, 100 fs, 60 MHz Yb:Fiber ANDi oscillator that pumps a MgO2:PPLN optical parametric oscillator (OPO), producing up to 300 mW (signal+idler) of total output, and overall efficiency of 37%. C1 [Kirchner, Matt; Raymondson, Daisy; Backus, Sterling] KMLabs Inc, Dept Res & Dev, 1855 S 57th Ct, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Niedringhaus, Andrew; Durfee, Charles] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wise, Frank] Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Backus, Sterling] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nugent-Glandorf, Lora] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Backus, S (reprint author), KMLabs Inc, Dept Res & Dev, 1855 S 57th Ct, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM sbackus@kmlabs.com RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400242 ER PT S AU Knabe, K Giorgetta, FR Armacost, CM Radunsky, MB Crivello, S Day, T Williams, PA Newbury, NR AF Knabe, Kevin Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Armacost, Chris M. Radunsky, Michael B. Crivello, Sam Day, Timothy Williams, Paul A. Newbury, Nathan R. GP IEEE TI Comb-assisted Swept Laser Spectroscopy with a Mode-Hop-Free Tunable External Cavity QCL SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID QUANTUM-CASCADE-LASER; FREQUENCY-COMB AB We demonstrate sub-MHz spectral resolution of N2O absorption spectra acquired with a swept external-cavity quantum cascade laser (QCL) over 0.87 THz. The QCL frequency is monitored by sum-frequency generation with an optical fiber frequency comb. C1 [Knabe, Kevin; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Williams, Paul A.; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Armacost, Chris M.; Radunsky, Michael B.; Crivello, Sam; Day, Timothy] Daylight Solut, San Diego, CA 92128 USA. RP Knabe, K (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.knabe@nist.gov FU Dept. of Homeland Security FX This contribution by NIST (U.S. government agency), partially funded by the Dept. of Homeland Security, is not subject to copyright in the U.S. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401317 ER PT S AU Kuo, PS Solomon, GS AF Kuo, Paulina S. Solomon, Glenn S. GP IEEE TI Observation of (4)over-bar-quasi-phasematched second-harmonic generation in a GaAs microdisk cavity SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We observed singly-resonant, (4) over bar -quasi-phasematched, second-harmonic generation in a GaAs microdisk cavity. By pumping at the 1985.4-nm fundamental resonance, we observed (5.2 +/- 0.4)x10(-5)/mW conversion efficiency. C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401372 ER PT S AU Lamas-Linares, A Gerrits, T Tomlin, NA Lita, AE Calkins, B Beyer, J Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Lamas-Linares, Antia Gerrits, Thomas Tomlin, Nathan A. Lita, Adriana E. Calkins, Brice Beyer, Joern Mirin, Richard P. Nam, Sae Woo GP IEEE TI Transition edge sensors with low timing jitter at 1550 nm SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID EFFICIENCY AB Transition edge sensors have demonstrated near unity detection efficiency of single photons and photon number resolving ability over a wide wavelength range (approximate to 700-1600 nm). They are also known to be slow, with timing jitter values in the approximate to 100 ns range, and the best current values in the approximate to 20 ns range. We report measured jitter times below 5 ns for a tungsten TES. This is particularly relevant for experiments clocked from an 80MHz Ti:Sa laser. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Lamas-Linares, Antia; Gerrits, Thomas; Tomlin, Nathan A.; Lita, Adriana E.; Calkins, Brice; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Beyer, Joern] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. RP Lamas-Linares, A (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM antia.lamas-linares@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403246 ER PT S AU Li, H Moody, G Singh, R Akimov, IA Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Karczewski, G Wojtowicz, T Cundiff, ST AF Li, H. Moody, G. Singh, R. Akimov, I. A. Yakovlev, D. R. Bayer, M. Karczewski, G. Wojtowicz, T. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Evidence of Exciton-Trion Coherent Interactions in a CdTe/CdMgTe Quantum Well SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Many-body interactions in a doped CdTe/CdMgTe quantum well are investigated using optical 2D Fourier-transform spectroscopy. The nature of coherent exciton-trion correlations is examined by analyzing lineshapes in the 2D spectra. C1 [Li, H.; Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, H.; Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, H.; Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akimov, I. A.; Yakovlev, D. R.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Expt Phys II, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Akimov, I. A.; Yakovlev, D. R.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Karczewski, G.; Wojtowicz, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Li, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403053 ER PT S AU Miao, HX Srinivasan, K Aksyuk, V AF Miao, Houxun Srinivasan, Kartik Aksyuk, Vladimir GP IEEE TI A MEMS Controlled Cavity Optomechanical Sensing System SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We report a fully-integrated MEMS sensing platform enabled by cavity optomechanics. We demonstrate 4.6 fm/Hz(1/2) displacement sensitivity for sub-mu W input power, electrostatically-tunable readout gain, and feedback damping of mechanical response by a factor of >1000. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miao, HX (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hmiao@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400189 ER PT S AU Michaels, CA Yoo, HW Jung, HT Richter, LJ AF Michaels, C. A. Yoo, H. W. Jung, H. T. Richter, L. J. GP IEEE TI Surface Plasmon Polariton Raman Microscopy SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID SCATTERING AB We report surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mediated Raman microscopy on dielectric films in contact with a Ag layer at 785 nm with spatial resolution approaching the optical diffraction limit and reasonable spectral acquisition times. C1 [Michaels, C. A.; Richter, L. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Michaels, CA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.michaels@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402437 ER PT S AU Moody, G Singh, R Li, H Akimov, IA Bayer, M Reuter, D Wieck, AD Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Singh, R. Li, H. Akimov, I. A. Bayer, M. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. D. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Excitons, Biexcitons, and Trions in an InAs Quantum Dot Ensemble Studied with 2D Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Multi-particle correlations are investigated in an InAs quantum dot ensemble using 2D Fourier-transform spectroscopy. Signatures of trions and a fifth-order contribution from the biexciton are observed by varying the excitation polarization and density. C1 [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akimov, I. A.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Expt Phys II, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Akimov, I. A.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Reuter, D.; Wieck, A. D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Angewandte Festkoerphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403052 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Flagg, EB Thomay, T Migdall, A Solomon, GS AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Flagg, Edward B. Thomay, Tim Migdall, Alan Solomon, Glenn S. GP IEEE TI Time-resolved nonclassical photon field characterization SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a new method to characterize nonclassical states that measures the temporal dependence of their statistical and coherent properties. We extract information about underlying physical processes in an InAs quantum dot in situ. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Flagg, Edward B.; Thomay, Tim; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403188 ER PT S AU Redding, B Ge, L Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Redding, B. Ge, L. Solomon, G. S. Cao, H. GP IEEE TI Directional waveguide coupling from a wavelength-scale deformed microdisk SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID LASERS AB We demonstrate uni-directional evanescent coupling of lasing emission from a deformed microdisk to a waveguide. The clockwise and counter-clockwise propagating ray orbits are spatially separated by wave optics effects, enabling selective coupling. C1 [Redding, B.; Cao, H.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Ge, L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Solomon, G. S.] NIST, Univ Maryland, Joint Quantun Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Redding, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM brandon.redding@yale.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400286 ER PT S AU Ruehl, A Benko, C Martin, MJ Eikema, KSE Fermann, ME Hartl, I Ye, J AF Ruehl, Axel Benko, Craig Martin, Michael J. Eikema, Kjeld S. E. Fermann, Martin E. Hartl, Ingmar Ye, Jun GP IEEE TI Phase Stabilization of a Yb:fiber Frequency Comb via High-Bandwidth Transducers SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We report a Yb:fiber frequency comb using an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator and an acousto-optic modulator outside the cavity. The integrated phase noise error was 112mrad for f(0) and 564mrad for an optical lock at 698nm. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Ruehl, Axel; Fermann, Martin E.; Hartl, Ingmar] IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Benko, Craig; Martin, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruehl, Axel; Eikema, Kjeld S. E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, NL-081HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Ruehl, A (reprint author), IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM a.ruehl@vu.nl RI Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401001 ER PT S AU Singh, R Moody, G Li, H Akimov, IA Bayer, M Reuter, D Wieck, AD Cundiff, ST AF Singh, R. Moody, G. Li, H. Akimov, I. A. Bayer, M. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. D. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Coherence of Fine-Structure States of an InAs Quantum Dot Ensemble Studied with 2D Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Coherence decay times of and between fine-structure states is obtained from an InAs quantum dot ensemble using optical 2D Fourier-transform spectroscopy. This technique allows us to investigate properties of QDs within the ensemble. C1 [Singh, R.; Moody, G.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402133 ER PT S AU Verma, VB Marsili, F Baek, B Lita, AE Gerrits, T Stern, JA Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Marsili, F. Baek, B. Lita, A. E. Gerrits, T. Stern, J. A. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI 55% system detection efficiency with self-aligned WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We report a system detection efficiency of 55 % at 1500 nm with an amorphous tungsten-silicide (WSi) superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) using a self-aligned packaging scheme for alignment of the detector and optical fiber. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Verma, V. B.; Marsili, F.; Baek, B.; Lita, A. E.; Gerrits, T.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 686-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stern, J. A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Baek, B.] Photon Spot Inc, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 686-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403187 ER PT S AU Vogl, U Glasser, RT Lett, PD AF Vogl, Ulrich Glasser, Ryan T. Lett, Paul D. GP IEEE TI Superluminal Images and the Arrival of Spatial Information in Optical Pulses with Negative Group Velocity SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We generate superluminal pulses via four-wave-mixing in Rb-85 vapor and imprint images on the pulses. This allows us to resolve experimentally the arrival time of the spatial information imprinted on the pulses. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Vogl, Ulrich; Glasser, Ryan T.; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogl, U (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ulrich.vogl@nist.gov RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403280 ER PT S AU Wayne, MA Kwiat, PG Restelli, A Bienfang, JC AF Wayne, Michael A. Kwiat, Paul G. Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. GP IEEE TI Increased maximum count rates in single-photon avalanche diodes with ultrafast active quenching SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate ultrafast active-quenching techniques in a silicon single-photon avalanche diode, and observe an order of magnitude reduction in afterpulsing, a factor of 1.8 reduction in diode recovery time, and increased maximum count rates. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Wayne, Michael A.; Kwiat, Paul G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 104 W Green St, Urbana, IL 60801 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wayne, MA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 104 W Green St, Urbana, IL 60801 USA. EM bienfang@nist.gov RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403253 ER PT S AU Yang, JK Noh, H Liew, SF Rooks, MJ Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Yang, Jin-Kyu Noh, Heeso Liew, Seng Fatt Rooks, Michael J. Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui GP IEEE TI Lasing modes in polycrystalline and amorphous structures SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID LASER AB We systematically studied the lasing characteristics in photonic polycrystalline and amorphous structures under optical pumping. The lasing modes are spatially localized, and blue shift as the structural order becomes short ranged. C1 [Yang, Jin-Kyu; Noh, Heeso; Liew, Seng Fatt; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Yang, Jin-Kyu] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Opt Engn, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Yang, JK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM jin9ya@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401232 ER PT S AU Ycas, G Osterman, S Diddams, S AF Ycas, Gabriel Osterman, Steve Diddams, Scott GP IEEE TI Generation of a 650 nm-2000 nm Laser Frequency Comb based on an Erbium Fiber Laser SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We present an Er: fiber based laser frequency comb spanning 650 nm - 2000 nm that employs amplification in Yb:fiber followed by continuum generation. Comb coherence is verified with f-2f interferometry and comparison to frequency stabilized lasers. C1 [Ycas, Gabriel] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ycas, Gabriel; Diddams, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Osterman, Steve] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ycas, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ycasg@colorado.edu; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401004 ER PT S AU Ye, J AF Ye, Jun GP IEEE TI Frequency Comb Spectroscopy - Mid-Infrared to Extreme Ultraviolet SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ye@jila.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401319 ER PT S AU Zhong, T Wong, FNC Restelli, A Bienfang, JC AF Zhong, Tian Wong, Franco N. C. Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. GP IEEE TI Efficient single-spatial-mode PPKTP waveguide source for high dimensional entanglement-based QKD SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB 8.9x10(8)/s single-spatial-mode time-energy entangled photon pairs at 1.56 mu m are efficiently generated in a PPKTP waveguide, demonstrating Mbps key rates and 93.3% Franson quantum-interference visibility using high speed self-differencing InGaAs detectors. C1 [Zhong, Tian; Wong, Franco N. C.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhong, T (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tzhong@mit.edu RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401405 ER PT S AU Mahadevan, S Ramsey, L Bender, C Terrien, R Wright, JT Halverson, S Hearty, F Nelson, M Burton, A Redman, S Osterman, S Diddams, S Kasting, J Endl, M Deshpande, R AF Mahadevan, Suvrath Ramsey, Lawrence Bender, Chad Terrien, Ryan Wright, Jason T. Halverson, Sam Hearty, Fred Nelson, Matt Burton, Adam Redman, Stephen Osterman, Steven Diddams, Scott Kasting, James Endl, Michael Deshpande, Rohit BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI The Habitable-Zone Planet Finder: A Stabilized Fiber-Fed NIR Spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; spectroscopy; near-infrared spectrograph design; instrumentation; modal noise; radial velocity surveys ID M-DWARFS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; H-BAND; STARS; MASS; VELOCITIES; PRECISION; SPECTRA; CATALOG; NOISE AB We present the scientific motivation and conceptual design for the recently funded Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF), a stabilized fiber-fed near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph for the 10 meter class Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) that will be capable of discovering low mass planets around M dwarfs. The HPF will cover the NIR Y & J bands to enable precise radial velocities to be obtained on mid M dwarfs, and enable the detection of low mass planets around these stars. The conceptual design is comprised of a cryostat cooled to 200K, a dual fiber-feed with a science and calibration fiber, a gold coated mosaic echelle grating, and a Teledyne Hawaii-2RG (H2RG)* NIR detector with a 1.7 mu m cutoff. A uranium-neon hollow-cathode lamp is the baseline wavelength calibration source, and we are actively testing laser frequency combs to enable even higher radial velocity precision. We will present the overall instrument system design and integration with the HET, and discuss major system challenges, key choices, and ongoing research and development projects to mitigate risk. We also discuss the ongoing process of target selection for the HPF survey. C1 [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence; Bender, Chad; Terrien, Ryan; Wright, Jason T.; Halverson, Sam; Kasting, James; Deshpande, Rohit] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence; Bender, Chad; Terrien, Ryan; Wright, Jason T.; Halverson, Sam; Kasting, James; Deshpande, Rohit] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hearty, Fred; Nelson, Matt; Burton, Adam; Osterman, Steven] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Redman, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Osterman, Steven] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Diddams, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Endl, Michael] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observat, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Mahadevan, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM suvrath@psu.edu RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; OI Wright, Jason/0000-0001-6160-5888 FU Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium; NSF [AST-1006676, AST-1126413]; NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI); PSARC FX This work was partially supported by the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, which is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. We acknowledge support from NSF grant AST-1006676, AST- 1126413, the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), and PSARC. This research was performed while SLR held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 84461S DI 10.1117/12.926102 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900055 ER PT S AU McCoy, KS Ramsey, L Mahadevan, S Halverson, S Redman, SL AF McCoy, Keegan S. Ramsey, Lawrence Mahadevan, Suvrath Halverson, Samuel Redman, Stephen L. BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI Optical fiber modal noise in the 0.8 to 1.5 micron region and implications for near infrared precision radial velocity measurements SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Fibers; Modal Noise; Fiber Scrambling; Planet Searches; Precision Radial Velocity; Spectrograph ID SPECTRA AB Modal noise in fibers has been shown to limit the signal-to-noise ratio achievable in fiber-coupled, high-resolution spectrographs if it is not mitigated via modal scrambling techniques. Modal noise become significantly more important as the wavelength increases and presents a risk to the new generation of near-infrared precision radial spectrographs under construction or being proposed to search for planets around cool M-dwarf stars, which emit most of their light in the NIR. We present experimental results of tests at Penn State University characterizing modal noise in the far visible out to 1.5 microns and the degree of modal scrambling we obtained using mechanical scramblers. These efforts are part of a risk mitigation effort for the Habitable Zone Planet Finder spectrograph currently under development at Penn State University. C1 [McCoy, Keegan S.; Ramsey, Lawrence; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Halverson, Samuel] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ramsey, Lawrence; Mahadevan, Suvrath] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Redman, Stephen L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McCoy, KS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lwr@psu.edu FU Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium; NSF [AST- 1006676, AST- 1126413]; NASA Astrobiology Institute ( NAI); PSARC; United States Air Force FX Dan Anderson, Kyle McCausand and Arpita Roy contributed to the tests with the mechanical agitator. This work was partially supported by the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, which is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. We acknowledge support from NSF grant AST- 1006676, AST- 1126413, the NASA Astrobiology Institute ( NAI), and PSARC. This research was performed while SLR held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. Much of this work constitutes Mr. Keegan McCoy's MS thesis in Electrical Engineering and as a student he was supported this last year by the United States Air Force. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 84468J DI 10.1117/12.926287 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900264 ER PT S AU Redman, SL Kerber, F Nave, G Mahadevan, S Ramsey, LW Smoker, J Kaeufl, HU Figueira, PRL AF Redman, Stephen L. Kerber, Florian Nave, Gillian Mahadevan, Suvrath Ramsey, Lawrence W. Smoker, Jonathan Kaeufl, Hans-Ulrich Figueira, P. R. L. BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI Near-infrared calibration systems for precise radial-velocity measurements SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE near infrared; calibration; radial velocities; atomic spectra; molecular spectra; exoplanets ID HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMPS; ESTABLISHING WAVELENGTH STANDARDS; PRESSURE-INDUCED SHIFT; NM REGION; LINES; SPECTRUM; SPECTROGRAPHS; PLANETS; SEARCH; NEON AB We present work done to prepare two new near-infrared calibration sources for use on high-precision astrophysical spectrographs. Uranium-neon is an atomic calibration source, commercially available as a hollow-cathode lamp, with over 10 000 known emission lines between 0.85 and 4 mu m. Four gas cells - containing C2H2, (HCN)-C-13, (CO)-C-12, and (CO)-C-13, respectively-are available as National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), and provide narrow absorption lines between 1.5 and 1.65 mu m. These calibration sources may prove useful for wavelength-calibrating the future near-infrared high-precision radial-velocity spectrometers, including the Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with a Near-infrared Echelle Spectrograph (CARMENES),(1) the SpectroPolarimetre InfraROUge (SPIRou) *, and the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder (HPF).(2) C1 [Redman, Stephen L.; Nave, Gillian] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kerber, Florian; Kaeufl, Hans-Ulrich] European Southern Observ, D-85718 Garching, Germany. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence W.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence W.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Explanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Smoker, Jonathan] European Southern Observ, Santiago, 19001, Chile. [Figueira, P. R. L.] Ctr Astrofis Univ Porto, Oporto, Portugal. RP Redman, SL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Stephen.Redman@nist.gov; fkerber@eso.org; gnave@nist.gov; suvrath@astro.psu.edu; lwr@astro.psu.edu; jsmoker@eso.org; hukaufl@eso.org; pedro.figueira@astro.up.pt RI Figueira, Pedro/J-4916-2013 OI Figueira, Pedro/0000-0001-8504-283X FU Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium; NAI; PSARC; NSF [AST- 1006676]; European Research Council; European Community [239953]; Funda, caopara a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [PTDC/ CTE- AST/ 098528/ 2008] FX This research was performed while S.L.R.held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at nist. The authors would like to thank William Swann for lending us four gas cells and a super luminescent diode that guided this work. This work was partially supported by the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, which is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. We acknowledge support from the NAI, PSARC, and NSF grant AST- 1006676. P. F. was supported by the European Research Council/ European Community under the FP7 through Starting Grant agreement number 239953, as well as by Funda, caopara a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) in the form of grant reference PTDC/ CTE- AST/ 098528/ 2008. We thank ESO Chile for granting technical time and Paranal staff for technical support during the preparations of the test. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 84468G DI 10.1117/12.925585 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900261 ER PT J AU Ferraris, CF Martys, NS AF Ferraris, C. F. Martys, N. S. BE Roussel, N TI Concrete rheometers SO UNDERSTANDING THE RHEOLOGY OF CONCRETE SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE concrete rheometers; multiscale approach; concrete flow simulation ID NEWTONIAN FLUID; FRESH CONCRETE; SUSPENSION; SHAPE AB This chapter introduces current technology for measuring the rheological properties of concrete. The need to evaluate or assess the flow properties of concrete has resulted in the development and, in a few cases, standardization of almost a 100 test methods. These can be divided into empirical tests that try to simulate field conditions and tests that attempt to quantify direct rheological property measurements. In the past 20 years, there has been a shift from empirical tests toward scientifically based methods that produce results in fundamental units. Numerical models have also been developed to help interpret experimental results. These models can account for the influence of particle shape and concentration on the flow of concrete in concrete rheometers. C1 [Ferraris, C. F.; Martys, N. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ferraris, CF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM clarissa@nist.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-528-2 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2012 BP 63 EP 82 D2 10.1533/9780857095282 PG 20 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BDP39 UT WOS:000314302300004 ER PT S AU Riviere, P Ranitovic, P Palacios, A Perez-Torres, JF Hogle, CW Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Martin, F AF Riviere, P. Ranitovic, P. Palacios, A. Perez-Torres, J. F. Hogle, C. W. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Martin, F. BE Williams, ID VanDerHart, HW McCann, JF Crothers, DSF TI Near-threshold H-2 electron and nuclear dynamics induced by attosecond pulse trains and probed by IR pulses SO XXVII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC 2011), PTS 1-15 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2011 CL Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, NORTH IRELAND SP Andor Technol, Belfast City Council, Belfast Visitor & Convent Bur, Coherent, CVI Melles Griot, Dell, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Invest No Ireland, Laserlines, UK Cold Atoms/Condensed Matter Network (EPSRC), Phys Review Letters & Phys Review A, Quantemol, Springer, Great Britain Sasakawa Fdn, IoP Publishing - Journal Phys B: Atom, Mol & Opt Phys, IoP Publishing - Journal Phys: Conf Series HO Queens Univ Belfast AB We present new experimental and theoretical results for the ionization of the H-2 molecule by an attosecond pulse train pump IR probe scheme. The nuclear degrees of freedom introduce an additional complexity to the standard case of atomic targets. This work demonstrates a new way of coherent control processes in molecules where the XUV attosecond radiation is used to access highly excited electronic states, and the IR acts as a controlling factor. C1 [Riviere, P.; Palacios, A.; Perez-Torres, J. F.; Martin, F.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JIIA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, F.] IMDEA Nanociencia, Madrid 28049, Spain. RP Riviere, P (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM paula.riviere@uam.es RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014; Riviere, Paula/L-7373-2014 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Riviere, Paula/0000-0002-8866-5845 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 388 AR UNSP 032064 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/388/3/032064 PG 1 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDU81 UT WOS:000314994700227 ER PT S AU Verdebout, S Rynkun, P Jonsson, P Gaigalas, G Fischer, CF Godefroid, M AF Verdebout, S. Rynkun, P. Jonsson, P. Gaigalas, G. Fischer, C. Froese Godefroid, M. BE Williams, ID VanDerHart, HW McCann, JF Crothers, DSF TI Interaction of Variational Localised Correlation Functions for Atomic Properties of Be I SO XXVII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC 2011), PTS 1-15 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2011 CL Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, NORTH IRELAND SP Andor Technol, Belfast City Council, Belfast Visitor & Convent Bur, Coherent, CVI Melles Griot, Dell, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Invest No Ireland, Laserlines, UK Cold Atoms/Condensed Matter Network (EPSRC), Phys Review Letters & Phys Review A, Quantemol, Springer, Great Britain Sasakawa Fdn, IoP Publishing - Journal Phys B: Atom, Mol & Opt Phys, IoP Publishing - Journal Phys: Conf Series HO Queens Univ Belfast ID STRUCTURE PACKAGE AB We present some progress associated to the localised correlation function interaction (LCFI) method. In this report, the LCFI method is tested not only for total energy but also for the specific mass shift operator, the hyperfine structure parameters and the transition probabilities. These properties are computed for the three lowest electronic states of the beryllium atom. These calculations illustrate the importance of the contraction effects. C1 [Verdebout, S.; Godefroid, M.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Rynkun, P.; Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius Pedag Univ Vilnius, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Jonsson, P.] Malmo Univ, Ctr Technol Studies, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. [Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Fischer, C. Froese] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Verdebout, S (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM sverdebo@ulb.ac.be RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 388 AR UNSP 152006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/388/15/152006 PG 1 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDU81 UT WOS:000314994700684 ER PT S AU Ruf, CS Gleason, S Jelenak, Z Katzberg, S Ridley, A Rose, R Scherrer, J Zavorotny, V AF Ruf, Christopher S. Gleason, Scott Jelenak, Zorana Katzberg, Stephen Ridley, Aaron Rose, Randall Scherrer, John Zavorotny, Valery GP IEEE TI THE CYGNSS NANOSATELLITE CONSTELLATION HURRICANE MISSION SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE GNSS; Tropical Cyclones; GPS ID GPS SIGNALS AB The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a spaceborne mission concept focused on tropical cyclone (TC) inner core process studies. CYGNSS attempts to resolve the principle deficiencies with current TC intensity forecasts, which lies in inadequate observations and modeling of the inner core. CYGNSS consists of 8 GPS bistatic radar receivers deployed on separate nanosatellites. The primary science driver is rapid sampling of ocean surface winds in the inner core of tropical cyclones C1 [Ruf, Christopher S.; Ridley, Aaron] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gleason, Scott] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA NESDIS StAR UCAR, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Katzberg, Stephen] S Carolina State Univ, Orangeburg, SC USA. [Rose, Randall; Scherrer, John] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Zavorotny, Valery] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ruf, CS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012; OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Gleason, Scott/0000-0002-8387-5093 NR 5 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 214 EP 216 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351600 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189400055 ER PT S AU Flynn, L Rault, D Jaross, G Petropavlovskikh, I Long, C Beach, E Yu, W Niu, J Swales, D Pan, C Wu, X AF Flynn, L. Rault, D. Jaross, G. Petropavlovskikh, I. Long, C. Beach, E. Yu, W. Niu, J. Swales, D. Pan, C. Wu, X. GP IEEE TI SUOMI NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING PARTNERSHIP: VERIFICATION AND EARLY OPERATIONS FOR THE OZONE MAPPING AND PROFILE SUITE SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Atmospheric Ozone; Remote Sensing; Satellites AB A new suite of instruments to estimate atmospheric ozone by measuring scattered solar irradiance began operating in January 2012. The measurements will be used to continue existing records of atmospheric ozone profiles as part of the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System. This paper presents preliminary evaluations of these new products. C1 [Flynn, L.; Wu, X.] NOAA NESDIS Camp Springs MD 20746, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Rault, D.] NASA LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Jaross, G.] SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA ESRL CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Long, C.] NOAA NWS, Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Beach, E.; Swales, D.] IMSG, Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yu, W.; Niu, J.] ERT, Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pan, C.] CICS UMd Coll, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Flynn, L (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Camp Springs MD 20746, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 280 EP 283 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351583 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189400069 ER PT S AU Kopp, TJ Hillger, DW Heidinger, AK AF Kopp, Thomas J. Hillger, Donald W. Heidinger, Andrew K. GP IEEE TI TACKLING THE HYDRA, VALIDATION OF THE IMAGERY ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RECORD (EDR) AND CLOUD MASK SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA ID AEROSOLS; VIIRS C1 [Kopp, Thomas J.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Hillger, Donald W.; Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Madison, NJ USA. RP Kopp, TJ (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351582 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189400070 ER PT S AU Arnone, R Fargion, G Wang, MH Martinolich, P Davis, C Trees, C Ladner, S Lawson, A Zibordi, G Lee, ZP Ondrusek, M Ahmed, S AF Arnone, Robert Fargion, Giulietta Wang, Menghua Martinolich, Paul Davis, Curt Trees, Charles Ladner, Sherwin Lawson, Adam Zibordi, Giuseppe Lee, Zhong Ping Ondrusek, Michael Ahmed, Samuel GP IEEE TI OCEAN COLOR PRODUCTS FROM VISIBLE INFARED IMAGER RADIOMETER SUITE (VIIRS) SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA ID ALGORITHM AB The Ocean Color CAL/VAL team is evaluating the VIIRS bio-optical products for real-time operations. VIIRS ocean data are being processed using standard government algorithms, and channel calibration and product validation evaluation activities are ongoing. A network of 27 global "Golden Regions" has been established to evaluate and validate bio-optical products. Satellite inter-comparison for data consistency with current ocean color products, and real time vicarious adjustment calculation are performed using in situ water leaving radiance propagated to Top of Atmosphere in coastal and open ocean regions. In addition, routine matchups with VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua are done with in situ data collection from ships and real time coastal AERONET-OC sites. The above activities, product evaluation and tracking of channel stability, are being contributed to the JPSS Team to evaluate the overall mission, including calibration and inter-satellite product consistency. Initial NPP VIIRS ocean bio-optical products are demonstrated with other ocean color satellites. C1 [Arnone, Robert; Ladner, Sherwin; Lawson, Adam] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Fargion, Giulietta] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 2 USA. [Wang, Menghua; Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA NESDIS, STAR, MD USA. [Fargion, Giulietta; Martinolich, Paul] QinetiQ Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. [Davis, Curt] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR USA. [Trees, Charles] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Zibordi, Giuseppe] Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Lee, Zhong Ping] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA USA. [Ahmed, Samuel] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Arnone, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351581 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189400071 ER PT S AU Nalli, NR Barnet, CD Divakarla, M Zhou, L Gu, D Liu, X Kizer, S Gambacorta, A AF Nalli, N. R. Barnet, C. D. Divakarla, M. Zhou, L. Gu, D. Liu, X. Kizer, S. Gambacorta, A. GP IEEE TI JOINT POLAR SATELLITE SYSTEM (JPSS) CROSS-TRACK INFRARED MICROWAVE SOUNDING SUITE (CRIMSS) ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RECORD VALIDATION STATUS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE JPSS; CrIMSS; CrIS/ATMS; EDR; AVTP; AVMP; Suomi NPP; cal/val; validation; NPROVS; AEROSE ID TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL AB This paper reports on the recent status of the validation program for the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Cross-track Infrared Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS), a hyperspectral infrared sounding system designed for providing high resolution atmospheric vertical temperature and moisture profile (AVTP and AVMP) environmental data records (EDRs). CrIMSS EDR validation activities, currently (as of this writing, May 2012) segueing from the Early-Orbit Checkout (EOC) phase to the Intensive Cal/Val (ICV) phase of the program, are briefly highlighted. C1 [Nalli, N. R.; Barnet, C. D.; Divakarla, M.; Zhou, L.; Gu, D.; Liu, X.; Kizer, S.; Gambacorta, A.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381; Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351580 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189400072 ER PT S AU Temimi, M Lacava, T Coviello, I Faruolo, M Khanbilvardi, R Pergola, N Tramutoli, V Wang, DN AF Temimi, Marouane Lacava, Teodosio Coviello, Irina Faruolo, Mariapia Khanbilvardi, Reza Pergola, Nicola Tramutoli, Valerio Wang, Donna GP IEEE TI A GLOBAL PASSIVE MICROWAVE BASED WETNESS INDEX FOR THE MONITORING OF SOIL MOISTURE AND INUNDATION SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Passive microwave; PRVI; inundation ID AMSR-E; RIVER-BASIN; SNOW COVER; SSM/I; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; IMAGER; AREA AB The objective of study is to implement an automated microwave based index to detect and monitor extreme soil wetness and flooding conditions on global scale. The proposed index is based on the Polarization Ratio (PR) that is determined from brightness temperature measures from the AMSR-E sensor. The Robust Satellite Technique (RST) is then applied to the PR to determine a Polarization Ratio Variational Index (PRVI) which is sensitive to extreme hydrological conditions in term of wetness but also drought conditions. The PRVI was determined at different frequencies ranging from the 37 GHz to the 6.9 GHz. The index was tested during extreme flooding events in Asia and Europe as well as in Northern America. The index was implemented globally using observation from passive microwave instruments. The analysis of the results on global scale shows that the index was sensitive to extreme hydrological event and that false alarms were mostly issued over northern snow covered regions only. This implies that the proposed index can be used to assess and delineate flooding conditions. C1 [Temimi, Marouane; Khanbilvardi, Reza; Pergola, Nicola; Wang, Donna] NOAA CREST, New York, NY USA. [Lacava, Teodosio; Coviello, Irina; Faruolo, Mariapia] Inst Methodol Environm Analyses Italian Natl Res, Tito, Italy. [Lacava, Teodosio; Pergola, Nicola; Tramutoli, Valerio] Univ Basilicata, Dept Engn & Phys Environm, Potenza, Italy. [Wang, Donna] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Temimi, M (reprint author), NOAA CREST, New York, NY USA. RI Pergola, Nicola/I-1236-2014; lacava, teodosio/I-4357-2014; Tramutoli, Valerio/E-6706-2011 OI Pergola, Nicola/0000-0001-7619-6685; lacava, teodosio/0000-0002-6732-4419; Tramutoli, Valerio/0000-0003-3875-7909 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 674 EP 677 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351504 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189400165 ER PT S AU Liu, QH Cao, CY Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua Cao, Changyong Weng, Fuzhong GP IEEE TI SUOMI NPP VIIRS EMISSIVE BAND RADIANCE CALIBRATION AND ANALYSIS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE VIIRS; Thermal Emissive Band; Calibration ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATMOSPHERES AB VIIRS thermal emissive bands (TEB) have been analyzed. The analysis results indicate the VIIRS TEB is stable and exceeds the specification. Comparisons between the VIIRS and other sensors such as AVHRR, MODIS and CrIS demonstrated that VIIRS TEB agrees well with those sensors. Using Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), developed at U. S. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), we found that M12 band image striping at day time over a uniform ocean was caused by the difference of sensor azimuthal angles among detectors. C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351370 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189401067 ER PT S AU Nalli, NR Barnet, CD Gambacorta, A Maddy, ES Xie, H King, TS Joseph, E Morris, VR Smith, WL AF Nalli, Nicholas R. Barnet, Christopher D. Gambacorta, Antonia Maddy, Eric S. Xie, H. King, T. S. Joseph, E. Morris, V. R. Smith, W. L. GP IEEE TI ON THE ANGULAR EFFECT OF RESIDUAL CLOUDS AND AEROSOLS IN CLEAR-SKY IR WINDOW RADIANCE OBSERVATIONS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE cloud contamination; aerosol contamination; zenith angle effect; PCLoS model; slant-path; infrared radiance; clear-sky observations ID SURFACE-LEAVING RADIANCE; REFLECTION MODEL; EMISSIVITY; TEMPERATURES; OCEAN AB This paper summarizes work investigating the zenith angular dependence of residual cloud and/or aerosol contamination on "clear-sky" infrared observations, which include cloud-cleared radiances and cloud-masked data, along with the implication for achieving agreement with forward calculations over the scanning range of the sensor. C1 [Nalli, Nicholas R.; Barnet, Christopher D.; Gambacorta, Antonia; Maddy, Eric S.; Xie, H.; King, T. S.; Joseph, E.; Morris, V. R.; Smith, W. L.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM Nick.Nalli@noaa.gov RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 1968 EP 1971 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351116 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189402040 ER PT S AU Li, XF Yang, XF Pichel, WG AF Li, Xiaofeng Yang, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. GP IEEE TI VALIDATION OF SAR-DERIVED SEA SURFACE WIND PRODUCTS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE SAR; sea surface wind; buoy; scatterometer AB In this paper, we performed a comparison of wind speed from synthetic aperture radar (SAR), scatterometer, moored buoys and numerical model. These comparisons were made in near U.S. coast regions. The results indicate that SAR-derived ocean surface wind speeds are as accurate as the scatterometer and model wind products. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 2786 EP 2789 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350854 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189402236 ER PT S AU Gu, DZ Houtz, D Randa, J Walker, DK AF Gu, Dazhen Houtz, Derek Randa, James Walker, David K. GP IEEE TI REALIZATION OF A STANDARD RADIOMETER FOR MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS-TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS TRACEABLE TO FUNDAMENTAL NOISE STANDARDS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Blackbody target; brightness temperature; illumination efficiency; microwave radiometer AB We describe and demonstrate a standard radiometer for making microwave brightness-temperature measurements that are traceable to fundamental noise standards. The standard radiometer is based on a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) waveguide radiometer for 18-26.5 GHz, fitted with an antenna to measure radiated power. The fraction of the antenna pattern subtended by the radiating target is determined by anechoic-chamber measurements in which we vary the temperature of the target and measure the received power. Sample measurement results with uncertainties are presented. The typical standard uncertainty for a brightness temperature of around 340 K is about 1 K. The approach should be extendable to other waveguide bands where NIST has radiometers and standards. C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Houtz, Derek; Randa, James; Walker, David K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 2941 EP 2944 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350709 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189403021 ER PT S AU Voronovich, AG Zavorotny, VU AF Voronovich, Alexander G. Zavorotny, Valery U. GP IEEE TI OCEAN-SCATTERED POLARIZED BISTATIC RADAR SIGNALS MODELED WITH SMALL-SLOPE APPROXIMATION SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Rough surface scattering; GNSS bistatic scattering; ocean waves; polarization ID THEORETICAL-MODEL; SEA-SURFACE; WAVES AB Currently, theoretical predictions for the performance of remote-sensing applications using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reflected signals such as altimetry and scatterometry are based mostly on the geometric optics (GO) limit of the Kirchhoff (physical optics) model. For a bistatic forward-scattering regime and for a predominant, left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) scattered component, the GO model works quite satisfactorily. However, the GO gives incorrect predictions for a right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) scattered component. Also, it is not applicable for a scattering process at wider angles, which are affected by diffraction or Bragg scattering. The use of the first-order SSA for calculating the LHCP scattered component of the GNSS signal was demonstrated previously [1]; however, it cannot correctly predict the RHCP scattered component and the effects of out-of-plane bistatic scattering. The second-order SSA is needed to overcome these difficulties. Here, we present results of calculations for bistatic LHCP and RHCP radar cross sections for the case of ocean surface elevations described by Gaussian statistics and the empirical wave spectrum. C1 [Voronovich, Alexander G.; Zavorotny, Valery U.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 3415 EP 3418 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350687 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189403138 ER PT S AU Liu, QH van Delst, P Chen, Y Groff, D Han, Y Collard, A Weng, FZ Boukabara, SA Derber, J AF Liu, Quanhua van Delst, Paul Chen, Yong Groff, David Han, Yong Collard, Andrew Weng, Fuzhong Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed Derber, John GP IEEE TI COMMUNITY RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL FOR RADIANCE ASSIMILATION AND APPLICATIONS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Community Radiative Transfer Model; data assimilation ID EMISSIVITY MODEL; SYSTEM AB The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), developed at U. S. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), has been used for infrared and microwave satellite radiance simulations and their derivatives to the surface/atmospheric parameters in data assimilation, physical retrieval, and many others. The CRTM has also been applied visible sensors and visible channel radiance/reflectance is simulated for studying aerosol and cloud effect. Together with the CRTM aerosol optical depth (AOD) module, the MODIS AOD satellite products can be assimilated and enhance air quality forecasting. This paper gives an overview of the CRTM developments and functionalities as well as its applications. C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, ESSIC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, ESSIC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 3700 EP 3703 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350612 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189403209 ER PT S AU Houtz, DA Gu, DZ Walker, DK Randa, J AF Houtz, Derek A. Gu, Dazhen Walker, David K. Randa, James GP IEEE TI AN INVESTIGATION OF ANTENNA CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES IN MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING CALIBRATION SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Antenna pattern simulation; Blackbody target; Illumination efficiency; Microwave radiometer AB We compare three methods of quantifying illumination efficiency (IE). The ratio IE describes the contribution of energy emitted from a blackbody target to the total energy measured at an antenna aperture in a free-space microwave calibration target radiometric measurement. Measurements are compared at three frequencies: 18 GHz, 22.5 GHz, and 26 GHz. An antenna pattern integration method is compared with a recently developed target-temperature fitting method. These two experimental approaches are also compared to a computational antenna pattern simulation. Results show that the simulation agrees with the experimental fitting method more closely at far-field distances, whereas the antenna pattern integration and experimental fitting method agree at closer distances. C1 [Houtz, Derek A.; Gu, Dazhen; Walker, David K.; Randa, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Houtz, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 4660 EP 4663 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350426 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189404171 ER PT S AU Zhu, T Weng, FZ AF Zhu, Tong Weng, Fuzhong GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF ATMS CROSS TRACK ASYMMETRY SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE ATMS; cross track asymmetry; temperature retrieval; hurricane warm core AB ATMS cross-track asymmetric pattern is investigated in this study. It is found that the asymmetric biases are close to the simulations when the polarization alignment angles are set between 91 degrees and 92 degrees for the three window channels. A new algorithm is developed to retrieve atmospheric temperature profiles for tropical cyclone with ATMS data. The algorithm is applied for Tropical Cyclone Giovanna case study and compared with the retrievals from NOAA-15 AMSU-A observation. ATMS retrievals clearly depict the cold temperature anomalies in TC spiral rain bands and the storm warm core. C1 [Zhu, Tong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, JCSDA,CIRA,CSU, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Zhu, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, JCSDA,CIRA,CSU, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 4699 EP 4702 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350416 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189404181 ER PT S AU Li, XF Zhang, JA Yang, XF Pichel, WG DeMaria, M Long, D Li, ZW AF Li, Xiaofeng Zhang, Jun A. Yang, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. DeMaria, Mark Long, David Li, Ziwei GP IEEE TI OCEAN SURFACE RESPONSE TO HURRICANES OBSERVED BY SAR SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (GRSS), DLR, ESA DE SAR; hurricane; morphology; rolls ID RADAR AB In this study, we analyze 83 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images including 73 from RADARSAT-1 and 10 from ENVISAT that contain tropical cyclone eye information. We also obtain ancillary tropical cyclone intensity information from NOAA National Hurricane Center and Japan Meteorological Agency. Based on this information, we generate tropical cyclone morphology statistics. We found that majority of the hurricanes are in wavenumber 1 and 2 category. Marine atmospheric boundary layer rolls can also be extracted from SAR image. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Long, David/K-4908-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Long, David/0000-0002-1852-3972; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 5180 EP 5183 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189405048 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Uprety, S Blonski, S AF Cao, Changyong Uprety, Sirish Blonski, Slawomir GP IEEE TI ESTABLISHING RADIOMETRIC CONSISTENCY AMONG VIIRS, MODIS, AND AVHRR USING SNO AND SNOX METHODS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE VIIRS; SNPP; calibration; SNOx; intercompairison AB The launch of the SNPP with VIIRS signifies a new era of continued operational global earth observations with moderate resolutions. In the calibration/validation of VIIRS, it is essential to ensure that its measurements are consistent with those from previous instruments such as MODIS and AVHRR because longterm study of the earth relies on consistent satellite measurements with decadal data sets. This study focuses on the use of an extension of the traditional simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) approach for performance evaluation and intercomparison of the VIIRS instrument with MODIS and AVHRR. Unlike SNO approach which is limited to polar regions only, the extended SNO (SNOx) provides an opportunity to compare satellite instruments at low latitudes over wide dynamic ranges. In addition, a new Geolocation Matching Method (GSM) method is developed to match a full VIIRS scene to MODIS. This tool uses an optimized algorithm with reduced run time and has been primarily used to analyze the intersatellite radiometric consistency and geolocation accuracy. C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 6928 EP 6931 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6352569 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189406225 ER PT S AU Zavorotny, V Rodriguez-Alvarez, N Akos, D Camps, A AF Zavorotny, Valery Rodriguez-Alvarez, Nereida Akos, Dennis Camps, Adriano GP IEEE TI AIRBORNE WIND RETRIEVAL USING GPS DELAY-DOPPLER MAPS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Bistatic radar; global navigation satellite systems (GNSS); global positioning system (GPS); reflected GPS; delay-Doppler mapping; ocean surface; oceanography; scatterometry ID SCATTERING AB Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has emerged recently as a promising remote sensing tool to retrieve various geophysical parameters of Earth's surface. GNSS-reflected signals, after being received and processed by the airborne or space-borne receiver, are available as delay correlation waveforms or as delay-Doppler maps. In the case of a rough ocean surface, those characteristics can be related to the RMS of L-band limited slopes of the surface waves, and from there to the surface wind speed. The raw GNSS-reflected signal can be processed either in real time by the receiver, or can be recorded and stored onboard and post-processed in a laboratory. The latter approach leveraging a software receiver allows more flexibility while processing the raw data. This work analyzes Delay Doppler Maps (DDM) obtained as a result of processing of the data collected by the GPS data logger/software receiver onboard the NOAA Gulfstream-IV jet aircraft. Thereafter, the DDMs were used to retrieve surface wind speed employing several different metrics that characterize the DDM extent in the Doppler frequency-delay domain. In contrast to previous works in which winds have been retrieved by fitting the theoretically modeled curves into measured correlation waveforms, here we do not rely on any model for the determination. Instead, the approach is based on a linear regression between DDMs observables and the wind speeds obtained in simultaneous GPS dropsonde measurements. C1 [Zavorotny, Valery; Rodriguez-Alvarez, Nereida] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zavorotny, V (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Camps, Adriano/D-2592-2011 OI Camps, Adriano/0000-0002-9514-4992 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 7075 EP 7078 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6352033 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189407005 ER PT J AU Santiago, M Vivanco, MG Stein, AF AF Santiago, Manuel Garcia Vivanco, Marta Stein, Ariel F. TI SO2 effect on secondary organic aerosol from a mixture of anthropogenic VOCs: experimental and modelled results SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE air quality modelling; SOA formation; acidic effect; CMAQ; CHIMERE ID BENZENE; CHAMBER; TOLUENE AB The effect of SO2 in the photooxidation of a mixture of anthropogenic precursors is studied. Four experiments are carried out in the EUPHORE outdoor chamber, adding different initial SO2 concentrations in each experiment. The experimental secondary organic aerosol (SOA) obtained in the experiments is compared with the aerosol simulated by two air quality models (CMAQ and CHIMERE) under the same initial conditions. A simplified version of the models is designed in order to consider the closed system of the chamber, where only gas phase chemistry and aerosol formation take place. While the experimental results show a clear increase of the aerosol formed in the presence of increasing SO2 concentrations, the models do not consider this enhancement in the simulations. The behaviour of the models points out the need of a way to implement this effect on anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol. C1 [Santiago, Manuel; Garcia Vivanco, Marta] CIEMAT, Dept Medio Ambiente, Unidad Modelizac & Ecotoxicidad Contaminac Atmosf, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring Metro Ctr 3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Santiago, M (reprint author), CIEMAT, Dept Medio Ambiente, Unidad Modelizac & Ecotoxicidad Contaminac Atmosf, Av Complutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM manuel.santiago@ciemat.es; m.garcia@ciemat.es; ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Vivanco, Marta/L-9816-2014 OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Vivanco, Marta/0000-0002-5828-1859 FU Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry [CGL2008 02260/CLI]; Spanish Ministry of Environment FX This study has been financed by the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (CGL2008 02260/CLI) and the Spanish Ministry of Environment. We gratefully acknowledge all the EUPHORE team members. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 21 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 224 EP 233 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 091SQ UT WOS:000315070500022 ER PT J AU Bai, XZ Wang, J AF Bai, Xuezhi Wang, Jia TI Atmospheric teleconnection patterns associated with severe and mild ice cover on the Great Lakes, 1963-2011 SO WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA LA English DT Article DE Arctic Oscillation; atmospheric teleconnection; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; Great Lakes; ice cover; North Atlantic Oscillation ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; SEA; VARIABILITY; REGION; ENSO AB Atmospheric teleconnection circulation patterns associated with severe and mild ice cover over the Great Lakes are investigated using the composite analysis of lake ice data and National Center of Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data for the period 1963-2011. The teleconnection pattern associated with the severe ice cover is the combination of a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or Arctic Oscillation (AO) and negative phase of Pacific/North America (PNA) pattern, while the pattern associated with the mild ice cover is the combination of a positive PNA (or an El Nino) and a positive phase of the NAO/AO. These two extreme ice conditions are associated with the North American ridge-trough variations. The intensified ridge-trough system produces a strong northwest-to-southeast tilted ridge and trough and increases the anomalous northwesterly wind, advecting cold, dry Arctic air to the Great Lakes. The weakened ridge-trough system produces a flattened ridge and trough, and promotes a climatological westerly wind, advecting warm, dry air from western North America to the Great Lakes. Although ice cover for all the individual lakes responds roughly linearly and symmetrically to both phases of the NAO/AO, and roughly nonlinearly and asymmetrically to El Nino and La Nina events, the overall ice cover response to individual NAO/AO or Nino3.4 index is not statistically significant. The combined NAO/AO and Nino3.4 indices can be used to reliably project severe ice cover during the simultaneous -NAO/AO and La Nina events, and mild ice cover during the simultaneous +NAO/AO and El Nino events. C1 [Bai, Xuezhi] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM Jia.Wang@noaa.gov OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) from EPA/NOAA FX We acknowledge the support of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) funds from EPA/NOAA. NCEP reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. Nino3.4 index and NAO index was provided by NOAA/CPC, from their website at http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/. We also appreciate the help of Drs David Schwab and Brent Lofgren for constructive comments and discussion on the first draft, and Cathy Darnell for editing this paper. This is GLERL contribution 1641. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1201-3080 J9 WATER QUAL RES J CAN JI Water Qual. Res. J. Canada PY 2012 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 421 EP 435 DI 10.2166/wqrjc.2012.009 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 088FK UT WOS:000314819000017 ER PT B AU Liu, CW Singhal, A Wijesekera, D AF Liu, Changwei Singhal, Anoop Wijesekera, Duminda GP IEEE TI Mapping Evidence Graphs to Attack Graphs SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY (WIFS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security CY DEC 02-05, 2012 CL Tenerife, SPAIN SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Informat Forens & Secur Tech Comm, Technicolor, HP, IEEE Biometr Council, REWIND, Gradient-LIFTGATE, AtlantTIC, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Univ La Laguna, Univ Vigo, Tenerife Convent Bur, US AF Res Lab, AF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Microsoft Res DE attack graphs; evidence graphs; attack success probabilities; evidence probabilities; mapping algorithm AB Attack graphs compute potential attack paths from a system configuration and known vulnerabilities of a system. Evidence graphs model intrusion evidence and dependencies among them. In this paper, we show how to map evidence graphs to attack graphs. This mapping is useful for application of attack graphs and evidence graphs for forensic analysis. In addition to helping to refine attack graphs by using known sets of dependent attack evidence, important probabilistic information contained in evidence graphs can be used to compute or refine potential attack success probabilities obtained from repositories like CVSS. Conversely, attack graphs can be used to add missing evidence or remove irrelevant evidence trails to build a complete evidence graph. We illustrated the mapping by using a database attack as a case study. C1 [Liu, Changwei; Wijesekera, Duminda] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Liu, CW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM cliu6@gmu.edu; anoop.singhal@nist.gov; dwijesek@gmu.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-10421] FX This material is based on work supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant FA9550-09-10421, and we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback and suggestions. This paper is not subject to copyright in the United States. Commercial products are identified in order to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the identified products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2285-0; 978-1-4673-2286-7 PY 2012 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDQ70 UT WOS:000314476200021 ER PT S AU Fortier, TM Quinlan, F Taylor, J Hati, A Nelson, C Lemke, N Ludlow, A Liebrandt, D Rosenband, T Howe, D Fu, Y Campbell, J Oates, C Diddams, S AF Fortier, Tara M. Quinlan, Franklyn Taylor, Jennifer Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig Lemke, Nathan Ludlow, Andrew Liebrandt, David Rosenband, Till Howe, David Fu, Yang Campbell, Joe Oates, Chris Diddams, Scott GP IEEE TI High Spectral Purity Microwave Generation via Optical Division SO 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 23-27, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP IEEE, Kotura, Rockley Grp, Intel, Cisco, Oracle Labs, Corning, Google, Luxtera, Fiber Chip, Rambus, Analog Devices, PMC, Sinoora, Soitec, Photon Design, Nat Photon, Commun Technol Roadmap, Simgui AB We generate 10 GHz microwave signals from high quality factor (Q similar to 10(11)) optical resonators via optical frequency division. The demonstrated phase noise is comparable to or better than that obtained via cryogenic systems for timescales < 1s. C1 [Fortier, Tara M.; Quinlan, Franklyn; Taylor, Jennifer; Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig; Lemke, Nathan; Ludlow, Andrew; Liebrandt, David; Rosenband, Till; Howe, David; Fu, Yang; Campbell, Joe; Oates, Chris; Diddams, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fortier@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-0733-9 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2012 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDD75 UT WOS:000312865000006 ER PT S AU Quinlan, F Fortier, TM Jiang, H Hati, A Nelson, C Fu, Y Campbell, J Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, F. Fortier, T. M. Jiang, H. Hati, A. Nelson, C. Fu, Y. Campbell, J. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI Shot Noise Correlations in the Detection of Ultrashort Optical Pulses SO 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 23-27, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP IEEE, Kotura, Rockley Grp, Intel, Cisco, Oracle Labs, Corning, Google, Luxtera, Fiber Chip, Rambus, Analog Devices, PMC, Sinoora, Soitec, Photon Design, Nat Photon, Commun Technol Roadmap, Simgui DE microwave photonics; phase noise; shot noise; ultrafast optics AB The time-varying nature of optical pulses produces correlations in the photocurrent shot noise spectrum. These correlations are exploited to produce a phase noise floor of -177 dBc/Hz on a 10 GHz photonically generated microwave signal. C1 [Quinlan, F.; Fortier, T. M.; Jiang, H.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Campbell, J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI jiang, haifeng/F-1080-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU NIST FX Financial support is provided by NIST. Contribution of an agency of the US government, not subject to copyright in the US. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-0733-9 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2012 BP 14 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDD75 UT WOS:000312865000008 ER PT S AU Del'Haye, P Papp, S Diddams, S AF Del'Haye, Pascal Papp, Scott Diddams, Scott GP IEEE TI Mechanical Stabilization of Frequency Combs From Laser Machined Microrod-Resonators SO 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 23-27, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP IEEE, Kotura, Rockley Grp, Intel, Cisco, Oracle Labs, Corning, Google, Luxtera, Fiber Chip, Rambus, Analog Devices, PMC, Sinoora, Soitec, Photon Design, Nat Photon, Commun Technol Roadmap, Simgui ID GENERATION AB We introduce piezo-electric mechanical control and stabilization of frequency combs produced in novel, laser-machined microresonators. The residual and absolute 1-second-stabilities of the 33 GHz comb spacing are 5x10(-14) and <= 1.4x10(-12), respectively. C1 [Del'Haye, Pascal; Papp, Scott; Diddams, Scott] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Del'Haye, P (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-0733-9 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2012 BP 64 EP 65 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDD75 UT WOS:000312865000033 ER PT S AU Ferdous, F Miao, HX Wang, PH Leaird, DE Srinivasan, K Chen, L Aksyuk, V Weiner, AM AF Ferdous, Fahmida Miao, Houxun Wang, Pei-Hsun Leaird, Daniel E. Srinivasan, Kartik Chen, Lei Aksyuk, Vladimir Weiner, Andrew M. GP IEEE TI On-Chip Microresonator Frequency Combs Formation: Observation of Comb Line Dependent Mutual Coherence SO 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 23-27, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP IEEE, Kotura, Rockley Grp, Intel, Cisco, Oracle Labs, Corning, Google, Luxtera, Fiber Chip, Rambus, Analog Devices, PMC, Sinoora, Soitec, Photon Design, Nat Photon, Commun Technol Roadmap, Simgui ID GENERATION AB We use pulse shaper to investigate frequency combs generation in microresonators in the temporal domain. We observe that different groups of comb lines have different mutual coherence and suggest a model for comb formation. C1 [Ferdous, Fahmida; Wang, Pei-Hsun; Leaird, Daniel E.; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Chen, Lei; Aksyuk, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Pei-Hsun] Univ Maryland, Nanocenter, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Indiana, PA 47907 USA. RP Ferdous, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM fferdous@purdue.edu OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-0733-9 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2012 BP 68 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDD75 UT WOS:000312865000035 ER PT S AU Wang, PH Ferdous, F Miao, HX Wang, J Leaird, DE Srinivasan, K Chen, L Aksyuk, V Weiner, AM AF Wang, Pei-Hsun Ferdous, Fahmida Miao, Houxun Wang, Jian Leaird, Daniel E. Srinivasan, Kartik Chen, Lei Aksyuk, Vladimir Weiner, Andrew M. GP IEEE TI Optical Communication Test of Multiple-Wavelength Comb Source from Silicon Nitride Microresonators SO 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 23-27, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP IEEE, Kotura, Rockley Grp, Intel, Cisco, Oracle Labs, Corning, Google, Luxtera, Fiber Chip, Rambus, Analog Devices, PMC, Sinoora, Soitec, Photon Design, Nat Photon, Commun Technol Roadmap, Simgui DE optical resonators; silicon-chip-based devices ID FREQUENCY COMBS; CHIP AB We evaluate the optical communication performance of individual comb lines generated in silicon nitride microresonators. A high coherence mode yields error-free communications at 10 Gb/s, while a partially coherent mode results in closed eye diagrams. C1 [Wang, Pei-Hsun; Ferdous, Fahmida; Wang, Jian; Leaird, Daniel E.; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Chen, Lei; Aksyuk, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Nanocenter, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Jian; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Indiana, PA 47907 USA. RP Wang, PH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM amw@purdue.edu OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-0733-9 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2012 BP 70 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDD75 UT WOS:000312865000036 ER PT S AU Srinivasan, K Ates, S Agha, I Davanco, M Rakher, M Badolato, A AF Srinivasan, Kartik Ates, Serkan Agha, Imad Davanco, Marcelo Rakher, Matthew Badolato, Antonio GP IEEE TI Efficient generation and wavelength conversion of single photons from quantum nanophotonic devices SO 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 23-27, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP IEEE, Kotura, Rockley Grp, Intel, Cisco, Oracle Labs, Corning, Google, Luxtera, Fiber Chip, Rambus, Analog Devices, PMC, Sinoora, Soitec, Photon Design, Nat Photon, Commun Technol Roadmap, Simgui ID DOT AB Single photon sources based on a self-assembled quantum dot in nanophotonic waveguides, gratings, and cavities are interfaced with nonlinear media and electro-optic modulators to demonstrate quantum frequency conversion and amplitude modulation of single photon states. C1 [Srinivasan, Kartik; Ates, Serkan; Agha, Imad; Davanco, Marcelo; Rakher, Matthew] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ates, Serkan; Agha, Imad; Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanocenter, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-0733-9 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2012 BP 606 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDD75 UT WOS:000312865000302 ER PT S AU Weihs, G Jayakumar, H Predojevic, A Huber, T Kauten, T Solomon, GS AF Weihs, G. Jayakumar, H. Predojevic, A. Huber, T. Kauten, T. Solomon, G. S. GP IEEE TI Deterministic photon cascade from resonant two-photon excitation of a single InAs quantum dot SO 2012 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 23-27, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP IEEE, Kotura, Rockley Grp, Intel, Cisco, Oracle Labs, Corning, Google, Luxtera, Fiber Chip, Rambus, Analog Devices, PMC, Sinoora, Soitec, Photon Design, Nat Photon, Commun Technol Roadmap, Simgui AB We demonstrate the coherent creation of a biexciton in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot embedded in a planar micro-cavity through resonant two-photon excitation. This results in laser scattering-free cascaded single photons with excellent two-photon suppression. We also observe Rabi oscillations, Ramsey interference and high indistinguishability. This scheme can be used to generate entangled photon pairs and heralded single photons. C1 [Weihs, G.; Jayakumar, H.; Predojevic, A.; Huber, T.; Kauten, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Technikerstrae 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Solomon, G. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weihs, G (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Technikerstrae 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Predojevic, Ana/D-5884-2014; Weihs, Gregor/G-2564-2013 OI Predojevic, Ana/0000-0003-1840-0830; Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008 FU European Research Council, project EnSeNa; Austrian Science Fund ( FWF) [M- 1243]; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program FX This work was funded by the European Research Council, project EnSeNa, the Austrian Science Fund ( FWF), project M- 1243, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-0733-9 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2012 BP 674 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDD75 UT WOS:000312865000334 ER PT J AU Garrison, EG McFall, G Cherkinsky, A Noakes, SE AF Garrison, Ervan G. McFall, Greg Cherkinsky, Alexander Noakes, Scott E. TI Discovery of a Pleistocene mysticete whale, Georgia Bight (USA) SO PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA LA English DT Article DE Whale; Mysticete; Pleistocene; Georgia Bight ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BALEEN WHALES; FOSSIL; DNA AB Subfossil evidence, including a nearly complete dentary (similar to 77%) ( left mandible) and two badly eroded vertebrae, of a mysticete whale, were recovered, underwater, from an in situ context, in the Georgia Bight, 30 km offshore St. Catherine's Island, Georgia. The discovery of the mandible was initially made in 2006 but excavation was not completed until the summer of 2008. Two badly preserved vertebrae were found lying nearby having eroded from the same outcrop as the dentary. The two vertebrae were dated but not analyzed in this report. Direct dating of the subfossils, with the Accelerator Mass Spectometry radiocarbon technique (AMS), using bioapatite, rather than collagen, suggests a common age range for the skeletal materials, 34,000 to 37,000 ka, but it's speculative to assign these remains to the same animal or, for that matter, the same taxon. The ages determined for the subfossils are in good agreement with the age of the geological deposit, a shell coquina, as previously determined by AMS dating of inclusions and by direct dating of the sediments using Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Additionally, amino acid raceminization (AAR) ages were obtained for the coquina. Our comparative analysis supports a diagnosis of a dentary of a mysticete whale. Further comparison of preserved morphological characters with those for mysticete mandibles, support a further diagnosis as balaenopterid or eschrichtiid. Coupled with recent, Pleistocene aged discoveries, in Europe, in the North Sea basin, these remains could provide well-dated, new, North American evidence for the extirpated gray whale in the Atlantic basin of the Quaternary. C1 [Garrison, Ervan G.] Univ Georgia UGA, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McFall, Greg] NOAA, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Cherkinsky, Alexander; Noakes, Scott E.] Univ Georgia, CAIS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Garrison, EG (reprint author), Univ Georgia UGA, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM egarriso@uga.edu; greg.mcfall@noaa.gov; acherkin@uga.edu; snoakes@uga.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU COQUINA PRESS PI AMHERST PA C/O WHITEY HAGADORN, EXECUTIVE EDITOR, AMHERST COLLEGE, DEPT GEOLOGY, AMHERST, MA 01002 USA SN 1935-3952 J9 PALAEONTOL ELECTRON JI Palaeontol. electron. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 AR 31A PG 10 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 084BG UT WOS:000314510300004 ER PT J AU Whitall, D Mason, A Pait, A AF Whitall, David Mason, Andrew Pait, Anthony TI Nutrient Dynamics in Coastal Lagoons and Marine Waters of Vieques, Puerto Rico SO TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrients; corals; eutrophication; Caribbean ID NITROGEN; CORALS AB Determining the efficacy of efforts to conserve natural systems requires that environmental baseline data exist; without such baseline data, it is impossible to determine if management actions are working. This study presents water quality baseline data (nutrients) for the coastal waters of the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico. As the island's economy shifts more towards tourism, these data can be used to verify that conservation efforts to preserve the ecology of the coastal waters are succeeding. Surface waters were sampled at 40 sites, selected using a stratified random sampling design, on 7 occasions between July 2007 and March 2008. Nutrient concentrations were similar to what has been observed in other systems in Puerto Rico, except for in the near coastal lagoons which had significantly higher observed concentrations. Variations in nutrients between lagoons are driven by connectivity to the ocean and lagoon depth. Because of these relationships, and because there are no obvious major sources of point or non-point sources of pollution on the island that would affect only the lagoons, it is hypothesized that these high nutrient levels are the natural status of the system, rather than evidence of eutrophication. C1 [Whitall, David; Mason, Andrew; Pait, Anthony] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Whitall, D (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dave.whitall@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration FX Funding for this work was provided by NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration. The authors would like to thank Kimani Kimbrough, Timothy Wynne, Robert Warner and Clifford Cosgrove (NOAA) for their assistance with field work. Jason Rolfe and Diane Wehner (NOAA) participated in valuable discussions regarding study design. The logistical challenges of the field operations could not have been overcome without the extensive cooperation of Oscar Diaz, Sandra Ortiz, Matthew Connolly (USFWS), Mark Martin (Vieques Conservation and Historical Trust), Dennis Ballam, Carlton Finley, Ted Dingle, Stacin Martin, and Timothy Garretson (CH2M Hill). John Noles and Christopher Penny (Department of the Navy) were instrumental in securing access to restricted areas for the research team. Captain Franco Gonzalez (Caribbean Flyfishing Company) provided excellent vessels for the field work. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE PI MENLO PARK PA PO BOX 0291, MENLO PARK, CA 94026-0291 USA SN 1940-0829 J9 TROP CONSERV SCI JI Trop. Conserv. Sci. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 495 EP 509 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 083LE UT WOS:000314464400008 ER PT S AU Duong, TH Hefner, AR Hobart, KD AF Duong, Tam H. Hefner, Allen R. Hobart, Karl D. GP IEEE TI Electro-Thermal Simulation and Design of a 60 A, 4.5 kV Half-Bridge Si IGBT/SiC JBS Hybrid Power Module SO 2012 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 15-20, 2012 CL Raleigh, NC SP IEEE, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE Power Elect Soc DE Silicon carbide (SiC); medium-voltage; Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS); hybrid half-bridge module; power systems AB This paper presents the results from a parametric simulation study that was conducted to optimize the design of a high-current 4.5 kV half-bridge Si-IGBT/SiC-JBS hybrid module for medium voltage hard-switched power conversion as well as to compare the performance of the hybrid module to the all-Si configuration. The simulations are performed for a circuit that emulates hard-switched conditions similar to a full wave inverter and utilizes validated electro-thermal models for the 4.5 kV Si IGBT, Si PiN diode, and SiC JBS diode and a validated thermal model for the module package. Simulations for various circuit and module parameters including the size and number of SiC JBS diode chips, gate resistances and switching frequencies are used to design the module to be used for demonstration in a Naval power converter application. C1 [Duong, Tam H.; Hefner, Allen R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duong, TH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4673-0801-4 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2012 BP 4274 EP 4280 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDE00 UT WOS:000312901704066 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Matolak, DW Remley, KA Holloway, CL Wu, Q Zhang, Q AF Gentile, Camillo Matolak, David W. Remley, Kate A. Holloway, Christopher L. Wu, Qiong Zhang, Qian GP IEEE TI Modeling Urban Peer-to-Peer Channel Characteristics for the 700 MHz and 4.9 GHz Public Safety Bands SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE DE propagation; wireless channel ID STATISTICAL-MODEL; PROPAGATION AB We report on models developed for peer-to-peer (ground-based) wireless channels for an urban environment in the 700 MHz and 4.9 GHz bands, both allocated for public safety and "emergency responder" applications. Results are based upon measurements taken in downtown Denver, CO for link distances up to approximately 100 m. Heretofore, measurement-based models for an urban environment in these bands and for low antenna heights have not been developed. Our measurements employed a vector network analyzer, from which log-distance models for path loss and dispersive channel models have been extracted. Our dispersive channel models employ a statistical algorithm for the number of multipath components, previously used only in indoor settings. The channel models should be useful for public safety communication system designers. C1 [Gentile, Camillo] NIST, Dept Commerce, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Dept Commerce, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov; matolak@ohiou.edu; kate.remley@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4577-2053-6 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BDD72 UT WOS:000312855704163 ER PT S AU Xu, C Gharavi, H AF Xu, Chong Gharavi, Hamid GP IEEE TI A Low-Complexity Tree-Search Algorithm to Decode Diversity-Oriented Block Codes with Inter-Symbol Interference SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE ID SYSTEMS; CHANNELS; SPACE; TIME AB In order to contain a differential propagation delay in a block based cooperative MIMO system, a guard interval can be inserted to mitigate the effect of inter-symbol interference. A larger block size could substantially increase the effective symbol rate, although at the expense of decoding complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel low-complexity breadthadjustable tree-search algorithm, which, as an example, has been applied to decode Asynchronous Cooperative Liner Dispersion Codes (ACLDC). With simulation we demonstrate that when the blocksize is equivalent to 20, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is only a fraction of 10(-8) of that of the ML algorithm. This would allow us to practically enhance the effective symbol rate without any performance degradation. C1 [Xu, Chong; Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chong.xu@nist.gov; hamid.gharavi@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4577-2053-6 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2012 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BDD72 UT WOS:000312855704110 ER PT J AU Maddox, RA AF Maddox, Robert A. TI WEATHER BY THE NUMBERS: THE GENESIS OF MODERN METEOROLOGY SO EARTH SCIENCES HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Maddox, Robert A.] NOAA, Tucson, AZ USA. EM bob@squidinkbooks.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU HISTORY EARTH SCIENCES SOC PI SHREWSBURY PA C/O DAVID I. SPANAGEL, SECRETARY 101 GROVE STREET, SHREWSBURY, MA 01545 USA SN 0736-623X J9 EARTH SCI HIST JI Earth Sci. Hist. PY 2012 VL 31 IS 2 BP 338 EP 341 PG 4 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Geology; History & Philosophy of Science GA 073JM UT WOS:000313739300014 ER PT S AU Ryzhkov, A Zhang, PF Krause, J Schuur, T Palmer, R Zrnic, D AF Ryzhkov, Alexander Zhang, Pengfei Krause, John Schuur, Terry Palmer, Robert Zrnic, Dusan BE Moore, RJ Cole, SJ Illingworth, AJ TI Simultaneous measurements of precipitation using S-band and C-band polarimetric radars SO WEATHER RADAR AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Weather Radar and Hydrology CY APR 18-21, 2011 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE polarimetric radar; flash flood; tropical rain AB Simultaneous measurements of heavy tropical rain made by closely located S- and C-band polarimetric radars are examined. The performance of different algorithms for rainfall estimation is discussed. It is demonstrated that the polarimetric algorithm based on the combined use of specific differential phase and differential reflectivity yields the least biased estimate of rainfall at S-band. Similar estimation at C-band faces challenges. C1 [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei; Krause, John; Schuur, Terry] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei; Krause, John; Schuur, Terry; Zrnic, Dusan] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Ryzhkov, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-26-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 351 BP 87 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BDK63 UT WOS:000313597100015 ER PT S AU Howard, K Zhang, J Langston, C Vasiloff, S Kaney, B Arthur, A AF Howard, Kenneth Zhang, Jian Langston, Carrie Vasiloff, Steve Kaney, Brian Arthur, Ami BE Moore, RJ Cole, SJ Illingworth, AJ TI NMQ/Q2: National Mosaic and Multi-sensor QPE System SO WEATHER RADAR AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Weather Radar and Hydrology CY APR 18-21, 2011 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE Multi-Sensor QPE System ID RADAR REFLECTIVITY AB Accurate quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) are critical for monitoring and prediction of water-related hazards and water resources. While tremendous progress has been made in the last quarter century in many areas of QPE, significant gaps continue to exist in both knowledge and capabilities that are necessary to produce accurate high-resolution precipitation estimates on a national scale for a wide spectrum of users. Toward this goal, a national Next-Generation QPE (NMQ/Q2) system has been developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). The NMQ/Q2 system has been running in real-time in the USA since June 2006. The system generates a suite of QPE products for the Conterminous United States at a 1-km horizontal resolution and 2.5 minute update cycle. The experimental products are disseminated in real-time to users and have been utilized in various meteorological and hydrological applications. In 2006, working with the United States National Weather Service's Office of Climate, Weather, and Water Services, NSSL began prototype testing of the high-resolution gridded NMQ/Q2 precipitation products as input into the Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction program. Dissemination of Q2 products to selected River Forecast Centers (RFCs) began in 2007 with all RFCs currently having access through the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE). C1 [Howard, Kenneth; Zhang, Jian; Vasiloff, Steve] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian; Arthur, Ami] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Natl Weather Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73072 USA. RP Howard, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kenneth.howard@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-26-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 351 BP 163 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BDK63 UT WOS:000313597100027 ER PT S AU Qi, YC Zhang, J Kingsmill, D Min, JZ AF Qi, Youcun Zhang, Jian Kingsmill, David Min, Jinzhong BE Moore, RJ Cole, SJ Illingworth, AJ TI VPR corrections of cool season radar QPE errors in the mountainous area of northern California SO WEATHER RADAR AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Weather Radar and Hydrology CY APR 18-21, 2011 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE Vertical Profile of Reflectivity; VPR correction; radar QPE ID S-BAND RADAR; VERTICAL PROFILES; PRECIPITATION; REFLECTIVITY; RANGE; IDENTIFICATION AB Non-uniformity of the vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) is one of the major error sources for radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in the cool season, especially for mountainous areas. The error is due to two factors: one is that the radar beam samples too high above the ground and misses the microphysics at lower levels; the other is that the radar beam broadens with range and thus cannot resolve vertical variations of reflectivity structure. These errors have posed a major challenge for radar QPE in the complex terrain of northern California. The current study used precipitation profiler observations obtained in this mountainous area and developed a new VPR correction methodology for scanning radar QPE. The precipitation profiler data were used to determine slopes of a linear VPR model in the ice, bright band, and rain regions, and the slope parameters are derived for different geographical areas. The parameterized VPR is then used to correct for scanning-radar QPE. The new methodology was tested using a heavy rain case that occurred over the period 30 December 2005 to 1 January 2006 in northern California, and was found to provide significant improvements over the operational radar QPE. C1 [Qi, Youcun; Min, Jinzhong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Oklahoma City, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Jian] Natl Servere Storms Lab, Oklahoma City, OK 73072 USA. [Kingsmill, David] Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Qi, YC (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM youcun.qi@noaa.gov FU NOAA's HydroMeteorological Testbed (HMT) program; NOAAUniversity of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227] FX Major funding for this research was provided under NOAA's HydroMeteorological Testbed (HMT) program and partial funding was provided under NOAAUniversity of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-26-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 351 BP 188 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BDK63 UT WOS:000313597100031 ER PT S AU Zhang, J Qi, YC Langston, C Kaney, B AF Zhang, Jian Qi, Youcun Langston, Carrie Kaney, Brian BE Moore, RJ Cole, SJ Illingworth, AJ TI Radar Quality Index (RQI) - a combined measure for beam blockage and VPR effects in a national network SO WEATHER RADAR AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Weather Radar and Hydrology CY APR 18-21, 2011 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE radar QPE quality; beam blockage; VPR; national radar network ID HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM; QPE AB The next-generation multi-sensor quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), or "Q2", is an experimental hydrometeorological system that integrates data from radar, raingauge, and atmospheric models and generates high-resolution precipitation products on a national scale in real-time. The quality of the Q2 radar QPE varies in space and in time due to a number of factors, which include: (1) errors in measuring radar reflectivity; (2) segregation of precipitation and non-precipitation echoes; (3) uncertainties in Z-R relationships; and (4) variability in the vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR). In the current study, a Radar QPE Quality Index (RQI) field is developed to present the radar QPE uncertainty associated with VPRs. The RQI field accounts for radar beam sampling characteristics (blockage, beam height and width) and their relationships with respect to the freezing level. A national RQI map is generated by mosaicking single radar RQI fields. The radar quality information is useful to hydrological users and can add value in radar rainfall applications. C1 [Zhang, Jian] Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qi, Youcun; Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jian.zhang@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-26-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 351 BP 388 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BDK63 UT WOS:000313597100063 ER PT S AU Gourley, JJ Flamig, ZL Hong, Y Howard, KW AF Gourley, Jonathan J. Flamig, Zachary L. Hong, Yang Howard, Kenneth W. BE Moore, RJ Cole, SJ Illingworth, AJ TI On the accuracy of the past, present, and future tools for flash flood prediction in the USA SO WEATHER RADAR AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Weather Radar and Hydrology CY APR 18-21, 2011 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE flash flood; radar; distributed hydrologic model ID DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODEL; WARNING SYSTEMS AB The skill of the USA National Weather Service's flash flood guidance tool has been quantified from 2006 to 2008 using a combination of flash flood observations from spotter reports, automated stream discharge measurements, and witness reports from the public. A 15-year radar-based rainfall archive was used to run a distributed hydrologic model, thus enabling the estimation of flood frequencies at every 4-km grid cell. Exceedences of these return period flows were considered as predictors of flash flooding, and were validated using the same aforementioned datasets to establish the skill of present flash flood guidance. Significant improvements were realised using the forward modelling approach. Given the advent of 1-km(2), 5-min radar rainfall observations, distributed hydrologic models, and increased computing power, all of which are commensurate with the scales of flash flooding, it is now possible to directly forecast the probability of flash flooding over the conterminous USA in real time. C1 [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Howard, Kenneth W.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Flamig, Zachary L.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.guourley@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-26-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 351 BP 435 EP + PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BDK63 UT WOS:000313597100070 ER PT S AU Flamig, ZL Anagnostou, E Gourley, J Hong, Y AF Flamig, Zachary L. Anagnostou, Emmanouil Gourley, Jonathan Hong, Yang BE Moore, RJ Cole, SJ Illingworth, AJ TI Uncertainty estimation of deterministic river basin response simulations at gauged locations SO WEATHER RADAR AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Weather Radar and Hydrology CY APR 18-21, 2011 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE flood; distributed hydrological model; uncertainty estimation; probabilistic forecasting AB This study presents a method to supply uncertainty estimates to flood predictions based on deterministic river basin response simulations from an uncalibrated, distributed hydrological model. A 15-year radar rainfall archive was used to run a hydrological model, thus providing a time series of simulated flows at every model grid cell. At grid cells corresponding to streamgauge locations, the time periods at which observed streamflow exceeded pre-computed observed flow frequency thresholds (e.g. 2-, 5-, 10-year return period flows) were identified. The distributions of simulated flows within (i.e. flooding at the respective frequency threshold) and outside (non-flooding at the respective frequency) these time intervals were then computed. The accuracy of the method is evaluated during an independent validation period where probabilities of flood >0.9 during flood cases are predicted more than 90% of the time, while probabilities of flood equal to zero occurred 75% of the time during non-flood cases. C1 [Flamig, Zachary L.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Anagnostou, Emmanouil] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan] NOAA, Natl Severe Stroms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Flamig, ZL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM zac.flamig@noaa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-26-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 351 BP 556 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BDK63 UT WOS:000313597100090 ER PT S AU Rendon, SH Vieux, BE Pathak, CS AF Rendon, Samuel H. Vieux, Baxter E. Pathak, Chandra S. BE Moore, RJ Cole, SJ Illingworth, AJ TI Derivation of seasonally-specific Z-R relationships for NEXRAD radar for a sparse raingauge network SO WEATHER RADAR AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Weather Radar and Hydrology CY APR 18-21, 2011 CL Univ Exeter, Exeter, ENGLAND HO Univ Exeter DE radar; NEXRAD; Z-R relationships; hydrological forecasting; rainfall estimation AB Radar-based hydrological prediction relies on available raingauges to correct for bias in rainfall estimates. Standard Z-R (radar reflectivity factor against rain-rate) relationships have been developed which are characteristic of storm types, e.g. convective or tropical storms. However, the evolution of storm drop-size distribution and radar-specific factors can affect the accuracy of these standard relationships. Deriving Z-R relationships from raingauge observations for specific radars offers the potential for improved rainfall estimation. The derived Z-R relationship would be more representative of local climatology and radar characteristics, and can be used when raingauges are not available in real-time for bias correction. The purpose of this project is to derive and evaluate regionally- and seasonally-specific Z-R relationships for use in the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). These regionally specific relationships are expected to reduce bias in rainfall estimates found when using standard Z-R relationships, and lead to improved rainfall estimation for operational decisions. Validation of the derived Z-R relationships for dry, intermediate, and wet seasons revealed significant bias reduction to essentially 1:1 agreement during the respective seasons. While such relationships are not expected to replace bias adjustment using raingauges on a storm total or real-time basis, they do represent a better starting point for gauge adjustment of the Z-R relationship. C1 [Rendon, Samuel H.; Vieux, Baxter E.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5340, Norman, OK 73071 USA. [Pathak, Chandra S.] SCADA, Hydro Data Management Dept, Operat & Hydro Data Management Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. RP Rendon, SH (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5340, Norman, OK 73071 USA. EM bvieux@ou.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-26-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 351 BP 655 EP + PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BDK63 UT WOS:000313597100106 ER PT J AU Wilkin, SM Cordaro, J Gulland, FMD Wheeler, E Dunkin, R Sigler, T Casper, D Berman, M Flannery, M Fire, S Wang, ZH Colegrove, K Baker, J AF Wilkin, Sarah M. Cordaro, Joe Gulland, Frances M. D. Wheeler, Elizabeth Dunkin, Robin Sigler, Teri Casper, Dave Berman, Michelle Flannery, Moe Fire, Spencer Wang, Zhihong Colegrove, Kathleen Baker, Jason TI An Unusual Mortality Event of Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Off Central California: Increase in Blunt Trauma Rather Than an Epizootic SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE mortality; trauma; harbor porpoise; Phocoena phocoena; infanticide; domoic acid; stranding; UME ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; VIOLENT INTERACTIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; DOMOIC ACID; SEA LIONS; ABUNDANCE; INFANTICIDE; TOXICITY; REGION AB In 2007, the apparent increase in the number of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranding along the central California coast compared to the number of strandings the previous year resulted in the declaration of an Unusual Mortality Event by the National Marine Fisheries Service. A statistically significant increase in strandings occurred in 2008 and 2009, with more than twice the mean annual number of strandings documented per year in the previous decade occurring each year, but then strandings decreased in 2010. No single cause of mortality explained all the strandings, and there were no significant changes in age class or sex of strandings in 2008 and 2009. Trauma, including interspecific aggression and fisheries interactions, was the most common cause of death, and blunt force trauma increased significantly in August through October of 2008 and 2009. Domoic acid toxicosis was documented for the first time in this species. Although the cause of death for many strandings was unidentified, the increase in strandings in 2008-2009 reflects an increase in blunt trauma rather than an epizootic of disease. C1 [Wilkin, Sarah M.; Cordaro, Joe] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.; Wheeler, Elizabeth] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Dunkin, Robin; Sigler, Teri; Casper, Dave] Univ Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Berman, Michelle] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Flannery, Moe] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Fire, Spencer; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen] Univ Illinois, Loyola Univ Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Baker, Jason] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wilkin, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 501 W Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM Sarah.Wilkin@noaa.gov RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.301 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 066JD UT WOS:000313215800007 ER PT S AU Davis, JN Miara, LJ Saraf, L Kaspar, TC Gopalan, S Pal, UB Woicik, JC Basu, SN Ludwig, KF AF Davis, J. N. Miara, L. J. Saraf, L. Kaspar, T. C. Gopalan, S. Pal, U. B. Woicik, J. C. Basu, S. N. Ludwig, K. F. BE Doeff, M Dudney, N Manivannan, A Narayan, SR TI Hard X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Heteroepitaxial Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Materials SO BATTERY/ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (GENERAL) - 220TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Battery/Energy Technology Joint General Session Held During the 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 09-14, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Electrochemical Soc (ECS), Battery, Energy Technol (ETD) AB Strontium doped lanthanum manganite (La0.8Sr0.2)(0.95)MnO3 (LSM) and lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on single crystal substrates. Total X-ray Reflection Fluorescence (TXRF) reveals the evolution of surface composition due to annealing at 800 degrees C. X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) provides insight into the local electronic structure of the cations. LSM manganese concentration is higher at the surface than in the bulk in as-deposited films. Annealing further enhances surface manganese segregation and irreversibly changes the manganese XANES spectra. Surface strontium is greatly enhanced in LSCF samples quenched from 800 degrees C, however the strontium is reabsorbed into the film when allowed to cool slowly. C1 [Davis, J. N.; Miara, L. J.; Gopalan, S.; Pal, U. B.; Basu, S. N.; Ludwig, K. F.] Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. [Gopalan, S.; Pal, U. B.; Basu, S. N.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Saraf, L.; Kaspar, T. C.; Ludwig, K. F.] PNNL, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ludwig, K. F.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Davis, JN (reprint author), Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. FU DOE SECA [DE-NT000410]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work is supported through the DOE SECA program under Grant DE-NT000410. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-943-2 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 41 IS 11 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1149/1.3687387 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BDM06 UT WOS:000313719500003 ER PT S AU Tolentino, S Moon, M AF Tolentino, Scott Moon, Michael BE Tallman, RF Howland, KL Rennie, RD Mills, K TI Artificial reef construction and use by three endemic Coregonid whitefishes in Bear Lake, Utah, USA SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF COREGONID FISHES - 2008 SE Advances in Limnology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on the Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes CY AUG, 2008 CL Winnipeg, CANADA DE whitefish; habitat; artificial reef; Prosopium spilonotus; P. abyssicola; P gemmifer ID PREDATION RISK; RAINBOW-TROUT; HABITAT; ECOLOGY; SCULPIN; FISHES; IDAHO; EGGS AB Recent drought (2000-2007) in the western United States has caused water levels in Bear Lake to drop to historic lows. Lower than normal lake levels in 2004 dewatered approximately 52,609 m(2), or an estimated 80% of the available rocky habitat in the lake (compared to the habitat available when at full pool). This rocky shoreline habitat is used for spawning by all three species of endemic Bear Lake coregonids: Prosopium spilonotus, P. gemmifer, and P. abyssicola. In October 2005, four rock reefs were constructed along the west side of Bear Lake in approximately 10 meters of water with the goal to enhance opportunities for spawning and recruitment of endemic coregonids, as well as provide a near shore fishing area for boat and ice anglers. We describe the procedures used to create the rock reefs and subsequent use of the reefs by endemic coregonids during 2006-2007. P. spilonotus used the reefs at more times of the year than P. gemmifer or P. abyssicola, but all three species used the rocks to some degree and especially during their respective spawning seasons. Although some of our results suggested the installation of the artificial reefs increased the preferred spawning habitat for endemic coregonids during drought, any future widespread installation of artificial reefs must also consider undesirable consequences, such as artificial reefs benefiting non-native species. C1 [Tolentino, Scott] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Bear Lake Stn, 1030 N Bear Lake Blvd,POB 231, Garden City, UT 84028 USA. [Moon, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 20230 USA. RP Tolentino, S (reprint author), Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Bear Lake Stn, 1030 N Bear Lake Blvd,POB 231, Garden City, UT 84028 USA. EM scotttolentino@utah.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1612-166X BN 978-3-510-47065-5 J9 ADV LIMNOL JI Adv. Limnol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 535 EP + PG 4 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDG19 UT WOS:000313086600034 ER PT J AU Thol, M Lemmon, EW Span, R AF Thol, Monika Lemmon, Eric W. Span, Roland TI Equation of state for benzene for temperatures from the melting line up to 725 K with pressures up to 500 MPa SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference (ATPC) CY OCT 19-22, 2010 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Minist Educ DE Benzene; equation of state; extrapolation behavior; Helmholtz energy; thermodynamic properties ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LIQUID BENZENE; VAPOR-PRESSURES; HEXAFLUOROBENZENE; DENSITIES; MIXTURES; ETHANOL; SYSTEM AB An equation of state (EOS) is presented for the thermodynamic properties of benzene that is valid from the triple point temperature (278.674 K) to 725 K with pressures up to 500 MPa. The equation is expressed in terms of the Helmholtz energy as a function of temperature and density. This formulation can be used for the calculation of all thermodynamic properties. Comparisons to experimental data are given to establish the accuracy of the EOS. The approximate uncertainties (k = 2) of properties calculated with the new equation are 0.1% below T = 350 K and 0.2% above T = 350 K for vapor pressure and liquid density, 1% for saturated vapor density, 0.1% for density up to T = 350 K and p = 100 MPa, 0.1 - 0.5% in density above T = 350 K, 1% for the isobaric and saturated heat capacities, and 0.5% in speed of sound. Deviations in the critical region are higher for all properties except vapor pressure. C1 [Thol, Monika; Span, Roland] Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Thol, Monika; Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Thol, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. EM M.Thol@thermo.ruhr-uni-bochum.de NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 SI SI BP 81 EP 97 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 072PK UT WOS:000313684500002 ER PT J AU Thol, M Lemmon, EW Span, R AF Thol, Monika Lemmon, Eric W. Span, Roland TI Equation of state for benzene for temperatures from the melting line up to 725 K with pressures up to 500 MP SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article DE Benzene; equation of state; extrapolation behavior; Helmholtz energy; thermodynamic properties ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LIQUID BENZENE; VAPOR-PRESSURES; HEXAFLUOROBENZENE; DENSITIES; MIXTURES; ETHANOL; SYSTEM AB An equation of state (EOS) is presented for the thermodynamic properties of benzene that is valid from the triple point temperature (278.674 K) to 725 K with pressures up to 500 MPa. The equation is expressed in terms of the Helmholtz energy as a function of temperature and density. This formulation can be used for the calculation of all thermodynamic properties. Comparisons to experimental data are given to establish the accuracy of the EOS. The approximate uncertainties (k = 2) of properties calculated with the new equation are 0.1% below T = 350 K and 0.2% above T = 350 K for vapor pressure and liquid density, 1% for saturated vapor density, 0.1% for density up to T = 350 K and p = 100 MPa, 0.1-0.5% in density above T = 350 K, 1% for the isobaric and saturated heat capacities, and 0.5% in speed of sound. Deviations in the critical region are higher for all properties except vapor pressure. C1 [Thol, Monika; Span, Roland] Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Thol, Monika; Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Thol, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. EM M.Thol@thermo.ruhr-uni-bochum.de NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 467 EP 486 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 072QE UT WOS:000313686500005 ER PT S AU Vega-Martinez, Z Temimi, M Anderson, MC Hain, C Krakauer, N Ribin, R Khanbilvardi, R AF Vega-Martinez, Zulamet Temimi, Marouane Anderson, Martha C. Hain, Christopher Krakauer, Nir Ribin, Robert Khanbilvardi, Reza BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Towards a better monitoring of soil moisture using a combination of estimates from passive microwave and thermal observations SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE ALEXI; soil moisture; AMSR-E; evapotranspiration; passive microwave AB Soil moisture is a key variable in hydrological and meteorological processes. It exhibits significant temporal and spatial variation. Therefore, the use of satellite imagery to monitor its variability is crucial. The main objective of this work is to implement a multi-satellite approach which combines soil moisture estimates from passive microwave and thermal observations to improve the monitoring of soil wetness on a continental scale. Soil moisture estimates are obtained from passive microwave data from the AMSR-E NASA product and from thermal and near infrared observations using the ALEXI model. Ultimately, a statistical combination of these two products would overcome their individual limitations, allowing for better monitoring of soil moisture. The main limitation of passive microwave-based products is their coarse spatial resolution. Their main advantage, however, is their capability to penetrate clouds. On the other hand, the main advantage of the ALEXI-based product is its higher spatial resolution and deeper sampling into the root zone. Cloud blockage is its main limitation. The prospective product, the result of the combination, would have a better spatial resolution than the passive microwave-based product and a better temporal coverage than the ALEXI-based product. Several locations with different land cover conditions were chosen to compare and analyse the difference between the two products. These areas are located in Washington State, California, Texas, Alabama, Florida and New York, USA. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange (ALEXI) model mainly uses GOES data to calculate soil moisture in clear-sky days on a continental scale. On cloudy days, when visual imagery is affected by clouds, a gap-filling technique is adopted to continue inferring soil moisture. A preliminary visualization of the soil moisture products from ALEXI and AMSR-E has been conducted, including daily evaluations for the different combinations of data in different regions. A reasonable agreement has been noticed between the two products. The consistency between the two products suggests that they can be combined for better monitoring of soil wetness. C1 [Vega-Martinez, Zulamet; Temimi, Marouane; Krakauer, Nir; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hain, Christopher] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Ribin, Robert] NOAA NSSL, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Vega-Martinez, Z (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM zvega4@gmail.com RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA060AR4810162] FX This study was supported and monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant number NA060AR4810162. The statements contained within this document are not the opinions of the funding agency or the US government, but reflect the author's opinions. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500010 ER PT S AU Halquist, J Fall, GM Wang, DG AF Halquist, John Fall, Gregory M. Wang, Dagang BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Assimilation of remotely sensed snow cover within land surface models to support early detection of agricultural drought SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE FEWS NET; snow water equivalent; snow cover; assimilation AB In support of the United States Geological Survey and its scientific support role to the USAID's Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) is developing land surface models for the purpose of providing estimates of snow water equivalent for areas of central Asia. Snow is a critical source of freshwater for many parts of this region. Winter and spring snowpack information is an early indicator of water availability for agriculture within snow-affected regions, as well as for downstream irrigated areas. Daily synoptic modelling of regional snow packs supports the early detection of agricultural drought associated with production shortfalls that threaten food security. Consequently, snow water equivalent estimation is one key component of a famine early warning system for this region. As in situ snowpack observations are not available for most areas of Central Asia, we simulated the snow hydrology for the years of 2003-2010 and performed an analysis of the estimated snow. C1 [Halquist, John; Fall, Gregory M.; Wang, Dagang] Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. RP Halquist, J (reprint author), Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, 1735 Lake Dr W, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. EM john.halquist@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500073 ER PT S AU Maksyutov, S Takagi, H Belikov, DA Saeki, T Zhuravlev, R Ganshin, A Lukyanov, A Yoshida, Y Oshchepkov, S Bril, A Saito, M Oda, T Valsala, VK Saito, R Andres, RJ Conway, T Tans, P Yokota, T AF Maksyutov, Shamil Takagi, Hiroshi Belikov, Dmitry A. Saeki, Tazu Zhuravlev, Ruslan Ganshin, Alexander Lukyanov, Alexander Yoshida, Yukio Oshchepkov, Sergey Bril, Andrey Saito, Makoto Oda, Tomohiro Valsala, Vinu K. Saito, Ryu Andres, Robert J. Conway, Thomas Tans, Pieter Yokota, Tatsuya BE Kawamiya, M Krishnamurti, TN Maksyutov, S TI Estimation of regional surface CO2 fluxes with GOSAT observations using two inverse modeling approaches SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions IV CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE carbon dioxide; remote sensing; inverse modeling; surface fluxes ID GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; TECHNICAL NOTE; TRANSPORT; VALIDATION; VARIABILITY; DELTA-C-13; FOREST AB Inverse estimation of surface CO2 fluxes is performed with atmospheric transport model using ground-based and GOSAT observations. The NIES-retrieved CO2 column mixing (X-CO2) and column averaging kernel are provided by GOSAT Level 2 product v. 2.0 and PPDF-DOAS method. Monthly mean CO2 fluxes for 64 regions are estimated together with a global mean offset between GOSAT data and ground-based data. We used the fixed-lag Kalman filter to infer monthly fluxes for 42 sub-continental terrestrial regions and 22 oceanic basins. We estimate fluxes and compare results obtained by two inverse modeling approaches. In basic approach adopted in GOSAT Level 4 product v. 2.01, we use aggregation of the GOSAT observations into monthly mean over 5x5 degree grids, fluxes are estimated independently for each region, and NIES atmospheric transport model is used for forward simulation. In the alternative method, the model-observation misfit is estimated for each observation separately and fluxes are spatially correlated using EOF analysis of the simulated flux variability similar to geostatistical approach, while transport simulation is enhanced by coupling with a Lagrangian transport model Flexpart. Both methods use using the same set of prior fluxes and region maps. Daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE) is predicted by the Vegetation Integrative SImulator for Trace gases (VISIT) optimized to match seasonal cycle of the atmospheric CO2. Monthly ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes are produced with an ocean pCO(2) data assimilation system. Biomass burning fluxes were provided by the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED); and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions are estimated with ODIAC inventory. The results of analyzing one year of the GOSAT data suggest that when both GOSAT and ground-based data are used together, fluxes in tropical and other remote regions with lower associated uncertainties are obtained than in the analysis using only ground-based data. With version 2.0 of L2 X-CO2 the fluxes appear reasonable for many regions and seasons, however there is a need for improving the L2 bias correction, data filtering and the inverse modeling method to reduce estimated flux anomalies visible in some areas. We also observe that application of spatial flux correlations with EOF-based approach reduces flux anomalies. C1 [Maksyutov, Shamil; Takagi, Hiroshi; Belikov, Dmitry A.; Saeki, Tazu; Yoshida, Yukio; Oshchepkov, Sergey; Bril, Andrey; Yokota, Tatsuya] Natl Inst Environm Studies, CGER, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Zhuravlev, Ruslan; Ganshin, Alexander; Lukyanov, Alexander] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia. [Saito, Makoto] CEA Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climate & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Oda, Tomohiro] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Boulder, CO 80523 USA. [Oda, Tomohiro; Conway, Thomas; Tans, Pieter] GMD, NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Valsala, Vinu K.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Saito, Ryu] GRIGC, JAMSTEC, Kanazawa Ku, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Belikov, Dmitry A.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. RP Maksyutov, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, CGER, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM shamil@nies.go.jp RI Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Ganshin, Alexander/C-1626-2014; Belikov, Dmitry/I-9877-2016 OI Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Ganshin, Alexander/0000-0002-2835-3145; NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9268-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8529 AR 85290G DI 10.1117/12.979664 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDL52 UT WOS:000313662700009 ER PT S AU Masutani, M Riishojgaard, LP Woollen, JS Casey, S AF Masutani, Michiko Riishojgaard, Lars Peter Woollen, John S. Casey, Sean BE Kawamiya, M Krishnamurti, TN Maksyutov, S TI Observing System Simulation Experiments at Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions IV CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE Joint OSSE; Doppler wind lidar; GWOS; Model Resolution; Global Observing System; Early-Morning-Orbit coverage; GSI; CRTM ID WIND; IMPACT AB Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are a powerful tool used to assess the potential impact on numerical weather prediction skill from planned or hypothetical future observing systems. Over the last several years an international Joint OSSE collaboration has emerged centered on the use of NASA's and NOAA's data assimilation systems. A Nature Run provided by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has undergone extensive validation, and a set of simulated reference observations have been subjected to a set of calibration experiments. One of the first candidate observing systems assessed by this system is a wind lidar based on the Global Wind Observing Sounder (GWOS) concept developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey. OSSEs were conducted at Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) and positive impacts from GWOS on medium range weather forecast were demonstrated. For OSSEs, all major observations used for the data assimilation have to be simulated as a control observation in addition to the observations being tested by an OSSE. Simulation of control observations and OSSE calibration are the most significant initial investments for an OSSE before it can be used to evaluate the data impact of future instruments. The Nature Run data and control observation that were simulated at NOAA from the Nature Run are made available from a NASA portal and NCAR for international collaborative Joint OSSEs. Recent developments and plans for a JCSDA OSSE based on a 2012 observation system will be also described. C1 [Masutani, Michiko] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, NCWCP 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Masutani, Michiko] Wyle Information Syst Inc, El Segundo, CA USA. [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter; Casey, Sean] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Woollen, John S.] IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Masutani, M (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, NCWCP 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Michiko.Masutani@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9268-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8529 AR 85290B DI 10.1117/12.977561 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDL52 UT WOS:000313662700006 ER PT J AU Gurney, LR Bentz, DP Sato, T Weiss, WJ AF Gurney, Lisa R. Bentz, Dale P. Sato, Taijiro Weiss, W. Jason TI Reducing Set Retardation in High-Volume Fly Ash Mixtures with the Use of Limestone Improving Constructability for Sustainability SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID CEMENT AB High-volume fly ash (HVFA) concretes are attractive not only because they reduce cement content and the associated greenhouse gases, but also because they avoid landfilling excessive quantities of fly ash. These sustainability benefits are often tempered by practical constructability limitations that may exist for HVFA concretes: retardation and diminution of the early-age reaction, delay in setting (and finishing operations), and lower early-age strength. This paper explores the alleviation of these deficiencies in HVFA mixtures by the incorporation of fine limestone powders into ternary blends. Isothermal calorimetry and Vicat needle penetration measurements are employed to assess reaction rates and setting times, respectively. A systematic variation of the content and fineness of the limestone powder in mixtures containing either a Class C or a Class F fly ash indicates that setting times are linearly correlated with the surface area supplied by the limestone. Comparison of a limestone system to a system containing an inert titanium dioxide of similar particle size indicates that the acceleration and amplification effects of the limestone can be attributed to both physical (nucleation) and chemical (additional calcium ions) processes. The results indicate that ternary blends with 40% of the cement by volume replaced by 30% to 35% fly ash and 5% to 10% limestone at a constant water volume fraction can be achieved without significant delay in setting. C1 [Gurney, Lisa R.; Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sato, Taijiro] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Weiss, W. Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2012 IS 2290 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.3141/2290-18 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 066NZ UT WOS:000313228800019 ER PT S AU Engvall, E Holloway, CL Ladbury, JM Kildal, PS AF Engvall, Erik Holloway, Christopher L. Ladbury, John M. Kildal, Per-Simon GP IEEE TI A Study of Uncertainty Models in a Reverberation Chamber at NIST SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB The reverberation chamber has become a good alternative for over-the-air (OTA) testing of small antennas. Here the uncertainty of total radiated power measurements is evaluated for a reverberation chamber at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado. A procedure for measuring the uncertainty based on the standard deviation of nine different antenna orientations in the RC has been used. A model for the uncertainty, developed at Chalmers University of Technology, has been evaluated for measurements in this chamber. The model is based on the standard deviation of a Gaussian distribution for both the non-line-of-sight and the line-of-sight components together with an average Rician K-factor. It is found that the agreement between theoretical and experimental values are good and that the model describes the uncertainty well for both various loading in the chamber and various amount of platform stirring. C1 [Engvall, Erik; Holloway, Christopher L.; Ladbury, John M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Engvall, E (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM karl.engvall@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301430 ER PT S AU Francis, MH AF Francis, Michael H. GP IEEE TI Estimating Far-Field Errors Due to Mechanical Errors in Spherical Near-Field Scanning SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB When the mechanical requirements are established for a spherical near-field scanner, it is desirable to estimate what effects the expected mechanical errors will have on the determination of the far field of potential antennas that will be measured on the proposed range. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has investigated the effects of mechanical errors for a proposed outdoor spherical near-field range to be located at Ft. Huachuca, AZ. This investigation was performed by use of theoretical far-field patterns and introducing position errors into simulated spherical near-field measurements. Far-field patterns were then calculated with and without probe-position correction to determine the effects of mechanical position errors. This paper reports the results of these investigations. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Francis, MH (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM francis@boulder.nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301256 ER PT J AU Bossart, G Arheart, K Hunt, M Clauss, T Leppert, L Roberts, K McCulloch, S Goldstein, JD Gonzalez, C Sweeney, J Stone, R Fair, PA Cray, C AF Bossart, Gregory Arheart, Kristopher Hunt, Michael Clauss, Tonya Leppert, Lynda Roberts, Kevin McCulloch, Stephen Goldstein, Juli D. Gonzalez, Christie Sweeney, Jay Stone, Rae Fair, Patricia A. Cray, Carolyn TI Protein Electrophoresis of Serum from Healthy Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE serum protein electrophoresis; albumin; bromcresol green; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus ID AGAROSE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; DYE-BINDING METHOD; HEPARINIZED PLASMA; BROMOCRESOL GREEN; ALBUMIN; RAT; OVERESTIMATION; DIAGNOSIS; DOG AB Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) has been recognized as an important tool in human and veterinary medicine. The present study investigated the use of SPEP in serum samples from healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Fraction delimitation was defined for the standardization of use by other laboratories. The imprecision of this method was comparable to reports in other species. A significant difference between albumin levels determined by SPEP and the traditional chemistry analyzer method (bromcresol green [BCG]) was observed (BCG = 3.38 +/- 0.46 g/dL, and SPEP = 3.74 +/- 0.43 g/dL, p < 0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis also showed that these two methods were not identical. Notably, several differences were observed between SPEP-derived values using samples from dolphins under human care vs free-ranging dolphins. The total protein was significantly increased in serum from free-ranging dolphins, and the A/G ratio was found to be significantly decreased (under human care: 1.91 +/- 0.39 g/dL, free ranging: 1.07 +/- 0.39 g/dL, p <= 0.05). The latter change was related to a significantly lower albumin fraction and 2.3-fold increase in gamma globulins. In total, this study provides method standardization and preliminary data toward the generation of reference intervals for this species. C1 [Bossart, Gregory; Cray, Carolyn] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Bossart, Gregory; Hunt, Michael; Clauss, Tonya; Leppert, Lynda] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory; McCulloch, Stephen; Goldstein, Juli D.; Gonzalez, Christie] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Hlth, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Arheart, Kristopher] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Roberts, Kevin] Marineland Dolphin Adventure, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. [Sweeney, Jay; Stone, Rae] Dolphin Quest Inc, San Diego, CA 92107 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bossart, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, POB 016960,R-46, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM gbossart@georgiaaquarium.org FU State of Florida Protect Wild Dolphins specialty license plate program; Georgia Aquarium FX The free-ranging bottlenose dolphin Health and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) research was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit No. 998-1678-02 and issued Florida Atlantic University IACUC Protocol Number A10-13. Funding was provided by the State of Florida Protect Wild Dolphins specialty license plate program and the Georgia Aquarium. The authors thank the entire HERA project staff and Georgia Aquarium and Dolphin Quest veterinary and husbandry staff for their efforts in this project. The authors thank Marineland Dolphin Adventure staff members Jessica Aditays, Melissa Berdine, Donna Peaslee, Cat Rust, Dani Salvatore, Stacey Spong, Jamie Stanley-Bahnsen, Kevin Stephens, and Lindsay Tafs and Georgia Aquarium staff members Elizabeth Beasley, Lloyd Dodge III, Rachel Friedman, Jeff Fogle, Ann Hoedt, Ashley Gerhart, Dru Jojola, Kristen Knowles, Kevin Krueger, and Lisa Mignogna. We also thank Wayne McFee for age analysis on the free-ranging dolphins. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.1578/AM.38.4.2012.412 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 066JJ UT WOS:000313216600006 ER PT J AU Garland, EC Lilley, MS Goldizen, AW Rekdahl, ML Garrigue, C Noad, MJ AF Garland, Ellen C. Lilley, Matthew S. Goldizen, Anne W. Rekdahl, Melinda L. Garrigue, Claire Noad, Michael J. TI Improved versions of the Levenshtein distance method for comparing sequence information in animals' vocalisations: tests using humpback whale song SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE Levenshtein distance; behavioural sequence; animal communication; song; humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae ID ADULT INDIGO BUNTINGS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; PASSERINA-CYANEA; ZEBRA FINCH; CLASSIFICATION; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; DISPLAY; SCALE AB Animals can communicate using visual and acoustic displays to convey information to conspecifics. In some cases, such displays are produced in highly stereotyped and repetitive sequences. Here we use a quantitative analysis technique, the Levenshtein distance, to assess similarity in sequences of displays at both the population and individual levels. We review two existing variations of the method and present two new variations that complement and extend these existing techniques. Three of the methods include the use of a median string sequence and three use a normalisation of the original equation. Humpback whale song theme sequences from multiple populations, years and song types (different variations of the display) are used as examples to illustrate the application and success of each variation. A novel outcome of this technique is that it can produce a threshold measure of similarity to assess when behavioural sequences are so dissimilar that they must be considered different, with a measure of the probability of such clusters being distinct. The Levenshtein distance is applicable to all behavioural data produced in sequences and its use should not be limited to acoustical studies. C1 [Lilley, Matthew S.] SecuritEase Int, Petone 5012, New Zealand. [Goldizen, Anne W.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. [Garland, Ellen C.; Garrigue, Claire; Noad, Michael J.] S Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Garland, Ellen C.; Rekdahl, Melinda L.; Noad, Michael J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Cetacean Ecol & Acoust Lab, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. RP Garland, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ellen.garland@gmail.com RI Noad, Michael/D-7975-2013; Goldizen, Anne/G-7366-2012; Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016 OI Noad, Michael/0000-0002-2799-8320; Goldizen, Anne/0000-0003-0101-4108; Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370 FU Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc.; Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; Winifred Violet Scott Estate; International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW); Tangalooma Marine Education and Research Foundation; Australian Postgraduate awards; US Office of Naval Research; Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation; Natural Heritage Trust (Australia) through the South Pacific Whale Research Consortium FX We thank Phillip Clapham and Vincent Janik for critical reading of an earlier version of the manuscript. The study was supported by grants from the Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc., the Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and the Winifred Violet Scott Estate to M.J.N. and E.C.G, and from the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) to the South Pacific Whale Research Consortium (SPWRC). Additional funding from the Tangalooma Marine Education and Research Foundation was provided to M.J.N. and E.C.G., and E.C.G. and M.L.R. were supported by Australian Postgraduate awards. We thank the other members of the Consortium's executive committee (C. Scott Baker, Phillip Clapham, Mike Donoghue, Nan Hauser, Dave Paton and M. Michael Poole) and executive officers (Simon Childerhouse, Rochelle Constantine, Sue Miller Taei and Debbie Steel). Eastern Australian song collection was funded by the US Office of Naval Research and the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation. Surveys of humpback whales in New Caledonia were made possible by contributions from Fondation d'Entreprise Total and Total Pacifique, the Provinces Sud, North and Isles, and Inco S.A. We thank Remi Dodemont, Jacqui Greaves, Dominique Boillon, Veronique Perard, Magaly Chambellant and all the volunteers that helped in the field. The Natural Heritage Trust (Australia) funded the 2003 survey in Vanuatu through the South Pacific Whale Research Consortium. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PY 2012 VL 149 IS 13-14 BP 1413 EP 1441 DI 10.1163/1568539X-00003032 PG 29 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 066PF UT WOS:000313232000007 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Xiong, XX Blonski, S Liu, QH Guenther, B Weng, FZ AF Cao, Changyong Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blonski, Slawormir Liu, Quanhua Guenther, Bruce Weng, Fuzhong BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI Suomi NPP VIIRS On-orbit Performance, Data quality, and New Applications SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci AB The Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is one of the key instruments on the Suomi NPP and future JPSS missions, succeeding the legacy NOAA/AVHRR, EOS/MODIS, SeaWiFS, and DMSP/OLS as the new generation of operational imaging radiometer. With 22 spectral bands covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 12.5um, VIIRS provides data for the production of 25 Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with its calibrated and geolocated Sensor Data Records (SDRs). This paper provides an overview of NPP VIIRS postlaunch instrument performance, onboard and vicarious calibration/validation, as well as unique capabilities of the VIIRS and potential new applications. Since launch, the VIIRS SDR cal/val has been progressing well. Following a series of spacecraft and sensor activation and checkouts, the first VIIRS image was acquired on November 21, 2011, and all 22 bands have been producing early images by January 20, 2012. The data maturity has reached beta status in early spring of 2012, and provisional status is expected to be achieved by November 2012. Major challenges thus far include the unexpected fast degradation in some near infrared channels, and the unprecedented data volume and complexity of the ground processing system. Our goal is to ensure the radiometric, spectral, and geospatial accuracy, and establish consistency with past and future sensors to support the weather, climate, ocean, and other environmental applications. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Blonski, Slawormir; Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, CICS, College Pk, MD USA. [Guenther, Bruce] Stellar Solut Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU JPSS program office FX The authors would like to thank the entire VIIRS SDR team for their dedicated support to the VIIRS postlaunch cal/val. This work is partially funded by the JPSS program office. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85280D DI 10.1117/12.978997 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300010 ER PT S AU Liu, QH Kwofu Cao, CY Xiong, J Shao, X Blonski, S Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua (Mark) Kwofu (Vincent Chiang) Cao, Changyong Xiong, Jack Shao, Xi Blonski, Slawek Weng, Fuzhong BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI CALIBRATION OF LOW GAIN RADIANCE AT VIIRS EMISSIVE BAND (M13) and VIIRS IMAGE ABOUT MOON TEMPERATURE SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE VIIRS; Thermal Emissive Band; M13 Calibration at a low gain AB Early assessment of the VIIRS thermal emissive bands (TEBs) show that all VIIRS TEBs except M13 are stable and exceed the specifications. M13 is a dual gain band, and is used for determining the surface temperature at low radiance (high gain) and fire detection at high radiance (low gain). At a low gain stage, the onboard blackbody temperature at an operational temperature of 292 Kelvin is far below the lowest temperature at the low gain, which prevents from any attempt to radiometric calibration. This study found that the VIIRS calibration data during the blackbody temperature warm up and cool down (WUCD) may be useful to check the gain stability and to estimate noise equivalent deviation of temperatures (NEdT). During the VIIRS blackbody temperature warm up and cool down, the blackbody temperature was cooled down to 267 K and warmed up to 315 K. The contrast at the low gain for M13 band between blackbody and space views may be useful, although the highest blackbody temperature is still below the low boundary for the low gain. Moon surface temperature can be as hot as 400 Kelvin, high enough for M13 band radiometric calibration at a low gain. The advantages using the observation data of Moon are that it is very stable and there is no gaseous absorption. However, Moon surface emissivity for infrared spectrum needs to be known. This study found that Moon may be used to check measurement range of the VIIRS M13 band at a low gain. We have developed a calibration algorithm to determine the moon temperature and generated the first VIIRS image about moon temperature. There are some other sources such gas flares that may also be used to estimate the radiometric accuracy at low gain. C1 [Liu, Quanhua (Mark); Blonski, Slawek] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kwofu (Vincent Chiang); Xiong, Jack] NASA, GFSC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] Univ Res Court, NOAA NESDIS STAR Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Di, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU JPSS FX This study is supported through funding from JPSS Data Products and Algorithms. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85280O DI 10.1117/12.979701 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300018 ER PT S AU Sampson, S Wolf, W Li, A Yu, T Garcia, R Martin, G Liu, X Straka, W Fan, M Schiffer, E Goldberg, M AF Sampson, S. Wolf, Walter Li, A. Yu, T. Garcia, R. Martin, G. Liu, X. Straka, W. Fan, M. Schiffer, E. Goldberg, M. BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI GOES-R AWG PRODUCT PROCESSING SYSTEM FRAMEWORK SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE GOES-R; ABI; GLM; AWG; AIT; data processing AB NOAA/NESDIS/STAR has designed, developed, and implemented the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - R Series (GOES-R) Algorithm Working Group (AWG) Product Processing System Framework. The Framework enabled the development and testing of the Level 2 Advance Baseline Imager (ABI) and the GOES-R Lightning Mapper (GLM) products within a single system. Fifty-six GOES-R ABI algorithms and one GLM algorithm have been integrated and run within the framework with product precedence. The Framework has been modified to be a plug-and-play system with the scientific algorithms. To enable the plug-and-play capabilities, the fifty-seven ABI and GLM algorithms were adjusted such that any data required by the algorithm is brought into the algorithm through function calls. These modifications allowed an algorithm to be developed either within the Framework or within the scientist's offline research system. This approach provided both the algorithm developers and algorithm integrators the ability to work on the same software since the algorithm may be "dropped" into both systems resulting in simple algorithm rollbacks. The design features and the current status of the framework will be discussed. C1 [Sampson, S.; Li, A.; Yu, T.; Liu, X.; Fan, M.] Riverside Techol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. [Wolf, Walter; Goldberg, M.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Garcia, R.; Straka, W.; Schiffer, E.] CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sampson, S (reprint author), Riverside Techol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85281N DI 10.1117/12.977556 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300041 ER PT S AU Tanaka, T Shiomi, K Kawakami, S Saitoh, N Imasu, R Inoue, M Morino, I Uchino, O Sweeney, C Tans, P AF Tanaka, Tomoaki Shiomi, Kei Kawakami, Shuji Saitoh, Naoko Imasu, Ryoichi Inoue, Makoto Morino, Isamu Uchino, Osamu Sweeney, Colm Tans, Pieter BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI Characterization and validation of CO2 and CH4 products derived from the GOSAT thermal infrared band SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE GOSAT; TIR; carbon dioxide; methane; aircraft ID TOWER AB The Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) monitors carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) globally from space. The Thermal and Near infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) installed on GOSAT measures spectra absorbed by atmospheric minor components including greenhouse gases in infrared wavelength regions. This paper describes the characterization and validation of the CO2 and CH4 profiles retrieved from the thermal infrared (TIR) spectra observed by GOSAT. The retrieved CO2 and CH4 profiles were compared with the corresponding aircraft data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL)/Global Monitoring Division (GMD)/Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases (CCGG) group. This group has been conducted an aircraft program since 1992 to collect air samples mainly in North America. Each in situ aircraft profile was compared with those retrieved from TIR spectra without considering the effect of its averaging kernel. The root mean square (RMS) and bias errors of the retrieved CO2 and CH4 profiles were evaluated seasonally and with respect to atmospheric pressure. This comparison with aircraft data provides significant information for further improvement of the TIR retrieval algorithm. C1 [Tanaka, Tomoaki; Shiomi, Kei; Kawakami, Shuji] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Earth Observat Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Saitoh, Naoko] Chiba Univ, Ctr Environm Remote Sensing, Chiba, Japan. [Imasu, Ryoichi] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Inoue, Makoto; Morino, Isamu; Uchino, Osamu; Sweeney, Colm] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sweeney, Colm; Tans, Pieter] NOAA, ESRL, GMD, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Tanaka, T (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Earth Observat Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. EM tanaka.tomoaki@jaxa.jp NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 852810 DI 10.1117/12.979663 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300025 ER PT S AU Wang, LK Han, Y Tremblay, D Weng, FZ Goldberg, M AF Wang, Likun Han, Yong Tremblay, Denis Weng, Fuzhong Goldberg, Mitch BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI Inter-Comparison of NPP/CrIS Radiances with VIIRS, AIRS, and IASI: A post-launch Calibration Assessment SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE Inter-calibration; Suomi NPP; Cross-track Infrared Sounder; Hyperspectral AB The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the newly-launched Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) is a Fourier transform spectrometer that provides soundings of the atmosphere with 1305 spectral channels, over 3 wavelength ranges: LWIR (9.14 - 15.38 mu m); MWIR (5.71 - 8.26 mu m); and SWIR (3.92 - 4.64 mu m). An accurate spectral and radiometric calibration as well as geolocation is fundamental for CrIS radiance Sensor Data Records (SDRs). In this study, through inter-and intra-satellite calibration efforts, we focus on assessment of NPP/CrIS post-launch performance. First, we compare CrIS hyperspectral radiance measurements with the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on Metop-A to examine spectral and radiometric consistence and difference among three hyperspectral IR sounders. Secondly, an accurate collocation algorithm has been developed to collocate high spatial resolution measurements from the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) within each CrIS Field of View (FOV). We compare CrIS spectrally-averaged radiances with the spatially-averaged and collocated pixels from the VIIRS IR channels. Since CrIS and VIIRS are onboard on the same satellite platform, the intra-satellite comparison will allow examining the radiometric difference between CrIS and VIIRS with scene temperatures, scan angles, and orbital position. In addition, given a high spatial resolution of VIIRS channels, the VIIRS-CrIS comparison results can access geolocation accuracy of CrIS that have relatively large FOVs (14 km at ndair) using high resolution VIIRS pixel (375m or 750m at nadir) C1 [Wang, Likun] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res CT, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] Univ Res CT, NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tremblay, Denis] Sci Data Proc Inc, 12807 Claxton Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA, PSS Program Off, 8800 Greenbelt RD, Greenbelt RD, MD 8800 USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res CT, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wlikun@umd.edu RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR); NOAA JPSS program office; NOAA [NA09NES4400006]; University of Maryland/ESSIC FX This work is partially funded by the NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) and the NOAA JPSS program office. Likun Wang is also partially supported by NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites -CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85280J DI 10.1117/12.978769 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300014 ER PT J AU Yu, GQ Stoltzfus, A AF Yu, Guoqin Stoltzfus, Arlin TI Population Diversity of ORFan Genes in Escherichia coli SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ORFan; lineage-specific genes; evolution; population genetics; positive selection; negative selection ID BACTERIAL GENOMES; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; DROSOPHILA; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATION; FRAME AB The origin and evolution of "ORFans" (suspected genes without known relatives) remain unclear. Here, we take advantage of a unique opportunity to examine the population diversity of thousands of ORFans, based on a collection of 35 complete genomes of isolates of Escherichia coli and Shigella (which is included phylogenetically within E. coli). As expected from previous studies, ORFans are shorter and AT-richer in sequence than non-ORFans. We find that ORFans often are very narrowly distributed: the most common pattern is for an ORFan to be found in only one genome. We compared within-species population diversity of ORFan genes with those of two control groups of non-ORFan genes. Patterns of population variation suggest that most ORFans are not artifacts, but encode real genes whose protein-coding capacity is conserved, reflecting selection against nonsynonymous mutations. Nevertheless, nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity is higher than for non-ORFans, whereas synonymous diversity is roughly the same. In particular, there is a several-fold excess of ORFans in the highest decile of diversity relative to controls, which might be due to weaker purifying selection, positive selection, or a subclass of ORFans that are decaying. C1 [Yu, Guoqin; Stoltzfus, Arlin] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, GQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yuguoqin2011@gmail.com OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 FU National Institutes of Health [GM081511] FX The authors thank John Moult for discussions throughout the project, and Howard Ochman and Zvi Kelman for comments. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health grant (GM081511) to John Moult and A.S. The identification of any specific commercial software products is for the purpose of specifying a protocol, and does not imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1176 EP 1187 DI 10.1093/gbe/evs081 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 066JA UT WOS:000313215500011 PM 23034216 ER PT S AU Huang, ML Mielikainen, J Huang, BM Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD AF Huang, Melin Mielikainen, Jarno Huang, Bormin Huang, H. -L. Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. BE Huang, B Plaza, AJ TI On the acceleration of the Eta Ferrier Cloud Microphysics Scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model using a GPU SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Performance Computing in Remote Sensing II CY SEP 26-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE WRF; Eta Ferrier microphysics scheme; GPU; CUDA AB The Eta Ferrier cloud microphysics scheme is a sophisticated cloud microphysics module in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. In this paper, we present the approach and the results of accelerating the Eta Ferrier microphysics scheme on NVIDIA Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). We discuss how our GPU implementation takes advantage of the parallelism in Eta Ferrier scheme, leading to a highly efficient GPU acceleration. We implement the Eta Ferrier microphysics scheme on NVidia GTX 590 GPU. Our 1-GPU implementation achieves an overall speedup of 37 as compared with a single thread CPU. Since Eta Ferrier microphysics scheme is only an intermediate module of the entire WRF model, the GPU I/O should not occur, i.e. its input data should be already available in the GPU global memory from previous modules and its output data should reside at the GPU global memory for later usage by other modules. The speedup without the host-device data transfer time is 272 with respect to its serial version running on 3.20GHz Intel (R) Core (TM) i7 970 CPU. C1 [Huang, Melin; Huang, Bormin; Huang, H. -L. Allen] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Huang, BM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant No. NA10NES4400013. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9279-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8539 AR 85390K DI 10.1117/12.976908 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH15 UT WOS:000313216400017 ER PT S AU Huang, ML Mielikainen, J Huang, B Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD AF Huang, Melin Mielikainen, Jarno Huang, Bormin Huang, H. -L. Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. BE Huang, B Plaza, AJ TI GPU-Based Parallel Implementation of 5-Layer Thermal Diffusion Scheme SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Performance Computing in Remote Sensing II CY SEP 26-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF); Graphics Processing Unit (GPU); Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA); 5-layer thermal diffusion ID MODEL AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) is a system of numerical weather prediction and atmospheric simulation with dual purposes for forecasting and research. The WRF software infrastructure consists of several components such as dynamic solvers and physical simulation modules. WRF includes several Land-Surface Models (LSMs). The LSMs use atmospheric information, the radiative and precipitation forcing from the surface layer scheme, the radiation scheme, and the microphysics/convective scheme all together with the lands state variables and land-surface properties, to provide heat and moisture fluxes over land and sea-ice points. The WRF 5-layer thermal diffusion simulation is an LSM based on the MM5 5-layer soil temperature model with an energy budget that includes radiation, sensible, and latent heat flux. The WRF LSMs are very suitable for massively parallel computation as there are no interactions among horizontal grid points. More and more scientific applications have adopted graphics processing units (GPUs) to accelerate the computing performance. This study demonstrates our GPU massively parallel computation efforts on the WRF 5-layer thermal diffusion scheme. Since this scheme is only an intermediate module of the entire WRF model, the I/O transfer does not involve in the intermediate process. Without data transfer, this module can achieve a speedup of 36x with one GPU and 108x with four GPUs compared to a single threaded CPU processor. With CPU/GPU hybrid strategy, this module can accomplish a even higher speedup, similar to 114x with one GPU and similar to 240x with four GPUs. Meanwhile, we are seeking other approaches to improve the speeds. C1 [Huang, Melin; Mielikainen, Jarno; Huang, Bormin; Huang, H. -L. Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Huang, BM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM phmelin@snolab.ca; mielikai@gmail.com; bormin@ssec.wisc.edu; allenh@ssec.wisc.edu; Mitch_Goldberg@NOAA.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant No. NA10NES4400013 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9279-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8539 AR 853908 DI 10.1117/12.978991 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH15 UT WOS:000313216400006 ER PT S AU Bintley, D MacIntosh, MJ Holland, WS Dempsey, JT Friberg, P Kuroda, JT Starman, EG Thomas, HS Walther, C Gao, XF Ade, PAR Sudiwala, RV Dunare, C Parkes, W Walton, AJ Irwin, KD Hilton, GC Niemack, M Amiri, M Asboth, V Burger, B Chapin, EL Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Woodcraft, A AF Bintley, Dan MacIntosh, Michael J. Holland, Wayne S. Dempsey, Jessica T. Friberg, Per Kuroda, John T. Starman, Erik G. Thomas, Holly S. Walther, Craig Gao, Xiaofeng Ade, Peter A. R. Sudiwala, Rashmi V. Dunare, Camelia Parkes, William Walton, Anthony J. Irwin, Kent D. Hilton, Gene C. Niemack, Michael Amiri, Mandana Asboth, Viktoria Burger, Bryce Chapin, Edward L. Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Woodcraft, Adam BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Scaling the summit of the submillimetre: instrument performance of SCUBA-2 SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE TES; transition edge sensor; low temperature detector; SQUID; SCUBA-2; submillimetre astronomy AB SCUBA-2 is a revolutionary 10,000 pixel wide-field submillimetre camera, recently commissioned and now operational at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Twin focal planes each consist of four 32 by 40 sub-arrays of superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers, the largest combined low temperature bolometer arrays in operation, to provide simultaneous imaging at wavelengths of 450 and 850 microns. SCUBA-2 was designed to map large areas of sky more than 100 times faster than the original ground breaking SCUBA instrument and has achieved this goal. In this paper we describe the performance of the instrument and present results of characterising the eight science grade TES bolometer arrays. We discuss the steps taken to optimise the setup of the TES arrays to maximise mapping speed and show how critical changes to the sub-array module thermal design, the introduction of independent focal plane and 1K temperature control and enhancements to the cryogenics have combined to significantly improve the overall performance of the instrument. C1 [Bintley, Dan; Dempsey, Jessica T.; Friberg, Per; Kuroda, John T.; Starman, Erik G.; Thomas, Holly S.; Walther, Craig] Joint Astron Ctr, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [MacIntosh, Michael J.; Holland, Wayne S.; Gao, Xiaofeng; Woodcraft, Adam] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Royal Observ, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Sudiwala, Rashmi V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dunare, Camelia; Parkes, William; Walton, Anthony J.] Univ Edinburgh, Scottish Microelect Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Irwin, Kent D.; Hilton, Gene C.; Niemack, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Amiri, Mandana; Asboth, Viktoria; Burger, Bryce; Chapin, Edward L.; Halpern, Mark; Woodcraft, Adam] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Woodcraft, Adam] Cardiff Univ, QMC Instruments Ltd, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. RP Bintley, D (reprint author), Joint Astron Ctr, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM d.bintley@jach.hawaii.edu RI Walton, Anthony/A-1550-2010; gao, xiaofeng/D-4825-2014 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845208 DI 10.1117/12.926613 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000007 ER PT S AU Ferkinhoff, C Nikola, T Parshley, SC Stacey, GJ Irwin, KD Cho, HM Niemack, M Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Amiri, M AF Ferkinhoff, Carl Nikola, Thomas Parshley, Stephen C. Stacey, Gordon J. Irwin, Kent D. Cho, Hsiao-Mei Niemack, Mike Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Amiri, Mandana BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Design and first-light performance of TES bolometer arrays for submillimeter spectroscopy with ZEUS-2 SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE ZEUS; CSO; submillimeter; ULIRG; high redshift; far-infrared; star formation; galaxies ID GALAXIES AB We have recently commissioned the 2nd generation redshift(z) and Early Universe Spectrometer (ZEUS-2) at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. ZEUS-2 is a long-slit grating spectrometer (R similar to 1000) for observations in the submillimeter wavelength regime that is optimized for observations of redshifted far-infrared spectral lines from galaxies in the early universe. Here we report on the design and first light performance of the first TES bolometer array installed in ZEUS-2. This array features 280 pixels each 1.26 mm square and arranged to provide similar to 35 pixel spectra at similar to 8 spatial positions on the sky. A 1/4-wavelength back short of 100 micron and gold mesh absorber matching the impedance of free space provides near 90% quantum efficiency for the 350 and 450 micron telluric windows. Array readout is done using SQUID multiplexers and the Multichannel Electronics. We will also report on the progress to install two additional arrays tuned to provide similar performance across the remaining telluric windows between 200-850 microns. C1 [Ferkinhoff, Carl; Nikola, Thomas; Parshley, Stephen C.; Stacey, Gordon J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Irwin, Kent D.; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Niemack, Mike] NIST Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew; Amiri, Mandana] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T IZI, Canada. RP Ferkinhoff, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM carl.ferkinhoff@cornell.edu OI Ferkinhoff, Carl/0000-0001-6266-0213 FU NSF [AST-0096881, AST-0352855, AST-0705256, AST-0722220]; NASA [NNX10AM09H] FX ZEUS development and observations were supported by NSF grants AST-0096881 and AST-0352855. ZEUS-2 development is supported by NSF grants AST-0705256 and AST-0722220 and NASA grant NNX10AM09H. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845207 DI 10.1117/12.927237 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000006 ER PT S AU Golwala, SR Bockstiegel, C Brugger, S Czakon, NG Day, PK Downes, TP Duan, R Gao, JS Gill, AK Glenn, J Hollister, MI Leduc, HG Maloney, PR Mazin, BA McHugh, SG Miller, D Noroozian, O Nguyen, HT Sayers, J Schlaerth, JA Siegel, S Vayonakis, AK Wilson, PR Zmuidzinas, J AF Golwala, Sunil R. Bockstiegel, Clint Brugger, Spencer Czakon, Nicole G. Day, Peter K. Downes, Thomas P. Duan, Ran Gao, Jiansong Gill, Amandeep K. Glenn, Jason Hollister, Matthew I. LeDuc, Henry G. Maloney, Philip R. Mazin, Benjamin A. McHugh, Sean G. Miller, David Noroozian, Omid Nguyen, Hien T. Sayers, Jack Schlaerth, James A. Siegel, Seth Vayonakis, Anastasios K. Wilson, Philip R. Zmuidzinas, Jonas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Status of MUSIC, the MUltiwavelength Sub/millimeter Inductance Camera SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE sensors; low-temperature detectors; bolometers; submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave receivers and detectors; microwave kinetic inductance detectors; radio telescopes and instrumentation ID REDUCTION; SAMBA AB We present the status of MUSIC, the MUltiwavelength Sub/millimeter Inductance Camera, a new instrument for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. MUSIC is designed to have a 14', diffraction-limited field-of-view instrumented with 2304 detectors in 576 spatial pixels and four spectral bands at 0.87, 1.04, 1.33, and 1.98 mm. MUSIC will be used to study dusty star-forming galaxies, galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, and star formation in our own and nearby galaxies. MUSIC uses broadband superconducting phased-array slot-dipole antennas to form beams, lumped-element on-chip bandpass filters to define spectral bands, and microwave kinetic inductance detectors to sense incoming light. The focal plane is fabricated in 8 tiles consisting of 72 spatial pixels each. It is coupled to the telescope via an ambient-temperature ellipsoidal mirror and a cold reimaging lens. A cold Lyot stop sits at the image of the primary mirror formed by the ellipsoidal mirror. Dielectric and metal-mesh filters are used to block thermal infrared and out-of-band radiation. The instrument uses a pulse tube cooler and He-3/He-3/He-4 closed-cycle cooler to cool the focal plane to below 250 mK. A multilayer shield attenuates Earth's magnetic field. Each focal plane tile is read out by a single pair of coaxes and a HEMT amplifier. The readout system consists of 16 copies of custom-designed ADC/DAC and IF boards coupled to the CASPER ROACH platform. We focus on recent updates on the instrument design and results from the commissioning of the full camera in 2012. C1 [Golwala, Sunil R.; Czakon, Nicole G.; Downes, Thomas P.; Duan, Ran; Hollister, Matthew I.; Miller, David; Sayers, Jack; Schlaerth, James A.; Siegel, Seth; Vayonakis, Anastasios K.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bockstiegel, Clint; Brugger, Spencer; Gao, Jiansong; Gill, Amandeep K.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Day, Peter K.; LeDuc, Henry G.; Nguyen, Hien T.; Wilson, Philip R.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, Jiansong; Noroozian, Omid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Sensors Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mazin, Benjamin A.; McHugh, Sean G.] Natl Univ Calif, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Golwala, SR (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM golwala@caltech.edu RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Caheck Submillinteter Observatory; NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowships; NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowships; [NSF/AST-0705157]; [NSF/AST-1009939]; [NSF/AST-0540882]; [NSF/AST-0838261] FX MUSIC was designed and constructed with support from NSF/AST-0705157, NSF/AST-1009939, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Caheck Submillinteter Observatory. which lms been supported by NSF/AST-0540882 and NSF/AST-0838261. JS and MIH were partially supported by NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowships. JAS and NGC were partially supported by NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowships. We acknowledge Kathy Dcniston and Barbara Wertz for administrative support and the staff and day crew of the CSO for assistance during design. installation, and commissioning. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845205 DI 10.1117/12.926055 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000004 ER PT S AU Kernasovskiy, S Ade, PAR Aikin, RW Amiri, M Benton, S Bischoff, C Bock, JJ Bonetti, JA Brevik, JA Burger, B Davis, G Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hiltion, G Hristov, VV Irwin, K Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, E Lueker, M Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Pryke, CL Reintsema, C Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, Z Sudiwala, R Teply, G Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, A Wiebe, DV Wilson, P Wong, CL AF Kernasovskiy, S. Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Benton, S. Bischoff, C. Bock, J. J. Bonetti, J. A. Brevik, J. A. Burger, B. Davis, G. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hiltion, G. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Pryke, C. L. Reintsema, C. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. Sudiwala, R. Teply, G. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. Wiebe, D. V. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Optimization and sensitivity of the Keck Array SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; polarization; inflation; Keck Array; BICEP2; TES; detector noise ID POWER SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE; POLARIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; BOLOMETERS; PROBE AB The Keck Array (SPUD) began observing the cosmic microwave background's polarization in the winter of 2011 at the South Pole. The Keck Array follows the success of the predecessor experiments BICEP and BICEP2,1 using five on-axis refracting telescopes. These have a combined imaging array of 2500 antenna-coupled TES bolometers read with a SQUID-based time domain multiplexing system. We will discuss the detector noise and the optimization of the readout. The achieved sensitivity of the Keck Array is 11.5 mu K-CMB root s in the 2012 configuration. C1 [Kernasovskiy, S.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Tolan, J. E.] Stanford Univ, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kernasovskiy, S.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Tolan, J. E.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol KIPAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R.] Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Dowell, C. D.; Filippini, J. P.; Lueker, M.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Staniszewski, Z.; Teply, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Davis, G.; Halpern, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada. [Benton, S.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S IA7, Canada. [Bischoff, C.; Kovac, J. M.; Vieregg, A.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Dowell, C. D.; Lueker, M.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z.; Turner, A. D.; Wilson, P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Duband, L.] CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, Serv Basses Temp, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C. L.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hiltion, G.; Irwin, K.; Reintsema, C.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leitch, E.] Univ Chicago, KICP, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Kernasovskiy, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sstokes@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation [ANT-1044978/ ANT-1110087]; Keck Foundation FX The Keck Array projects have been made possible through support from the National Science Foundation (grant Nos. ANT-1044978/ ANT- 1110087) and the Keck Foundation. Detector development has been made possible with the Gordon and Betty Moore foundation. We also acknowledge the Canada Foundation for Innovation and BC Knowledge Development Fund for support. We are grateful to Robert Schwarz for spending the winter in the South Pole for us in both 2011 and 2012, as well as to the South Pole logistics team. We also are grateful for the insight and collaboration from the entire Bicep2, SPIDER and Keck Array teams. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84521B DI 10.1117/12.926934 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000038 ER PT S AU Wang, YD Lewis, R Lin, MH Radebaugh, R Lee, YC AF Wang, Y. D. Lewis, R. Lin, M. -H. Radebaugh, R. Lee, Y. C. GP IEEE TI WAFER-LEVEL PROCESSING FOR POLYMER-BASED PLANAR MICRO CRYOGENIC COOLERS SO 2012 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Reg Nord-Pas Calais AB In this paper, we present the fabrication and testing of a novel polymer-based Joule-Thomson (J-T) micro cryogenic cooler (MCC). Techniques including monolithic fabrication of high pressure polymer channels and 3-D interconnect for fluid channels including a flow resistance are developed to fabricate a planar MCC. The MCC contains a polymer heat exchanger and a silicon/glass J-T valve. A low temperature of 233 K was achieved under an operation pressure ratio of 0.7:0.15 MPa by using a custom designed mixed refrigerant. It is the first demonstration ever reported for J-T MCCs fabricated and assembled based on wafer-level processes. C1 [Wang, Y. D.; Lewis, R.; Lin, M. -H.; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Radebaugh, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yunda.wang@colorado.edu FU DARPA Micro Cryogenic Coolers program [NBCHC060052, W31P4Q-10-1-0004] FX This research is supported by DARPA Micro Cryogenic Coolers program (NBCHC060052 and W31P4Q-10-1-0004). The authors would like to express their appreciation to Dr. Huber Marcia at NIST for her design of the gas mixture. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4673-0325-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDE04 UT WOS:000312912800086 ER PT J AU Okoro, C Obeng, YS AF Okoro, Chukwudi Obeng, Yaw S. GP IEEE TI Effect of Thermal Cycling on the Signal Integrity and Morphology of TSV Isolation Liner-SiO2 SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (IITC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference (IITC) CY JUN 04-06, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP ASM Int, J X Nippon Mining & Metals USA Inc, SAFC Hitech, Air Liquide, BASF, Aetrium, Air Prod, Appl Mat, Atotech, Enthone, IBM Corp, IMEC, Lam Res, Metryx, Qualitau, Tokyo Electron (TEL), Tosoh SMD, IEEE AB This study is focused on understanding the effect of thermal cycling on the signal integrity characteristics of TSV isolation liner (SiO2). The use of radio frequency (RF) signals is found to be a good metrology tool for the detection of discontinuities in the SiO2 isolation liner. Signal degradation is found to scale with the attained number of thermal cycles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that void formation and growth in the SiO2 isolation liner is the root cause for this observed trend. Therefore the life time of TSVs will be significantly affected by the SiO2 isolation liner, thus, their understanding, engineering and optimization will be essential for prolonged high performance TSVs. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1137-3 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDC15 UT WOS:000312547500020 ER PT S AU Nelson, T Waltrip, B AF Nelson, T. Waltrip, B. GP IEEE TI NIST Reactive Power Standard SO 2012 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 22-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Josephson arrays; Voltage measurement; Current measurement; Power measurement; Signal synthesis; Quantization; Digital-analog conversion; Analog-digital conversion; Permuting capacitance ID CAPACITANCE BRIDGE; CALIBRATION AB This paper describes the implementation of a quantum-based system for the generation of 120 V rms, 5 A rms, sinusoidal, active and reactive power over the 50 Hz to 400 Hz frequency range. The system relates the amplitudes and phases of the voltage and current waveforms of the generated power to a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) using a differential sampling technique. The system also employs a voltage amplifier that performs self-calibration and corrections of gain and phase errors. Details of the system design, measurement techniques, and significant sources of error are presented. C1 [Nelson, T.; Waltrip, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4673-2729-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDB70 UT WOS:000312493704006 ER PT S AU Tang, Y Stenbakken, GN AF Tang, Y. Stenbakken, G. N. GP IEEE TI Traceability of Calibration for Phasor Measurement Unit SO 2012 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 22-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Calibration; Global Positioning System (GPS); Phase measurement; PMU; Synchronization; Traceability; Uncertainty ID SYSTEM AB IEEE Standard C37.118.1 defines requirements for the measurement and determination of a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). The PMUs must be tested to ensure that all PMUs on the power grid behave the same. In order to meet the requirement of PMU within specified uncertainty, the PMU calibration systems or calibrators must be traceable to known reference standards with an unbroken chain of calibration. If all the testing laboratories are traceable to reference standards, the test and equipment are similar, and staffs are qualified, then PMUs tested by all of them will have the same behavior. Inaccurate PMU calibration can lead to selecting PMUs that do not behave the same, which can have serious financial consequences to electric power utilities as well as reliability and safety consequences. The measurement of voltage and current phasors relative to absolute phase angles, i.e., relative to a nominal phasor synchronized to Coordinated Universal Time, UTC, is not a common measurement in most testing laboratories. This paper describes the basic concepts of phasor traceability and how they are applied to the PMU calibration system used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The reliable and accurate PMU calibration system is able to support PMU manufacturers and other testing laboratories to improve their products or calibrations to meet the IEEE Standard C37.118.1. Examples of improving PMU performance after feedback of NIST calibrations to the manufacturers will be described. C1 [Tang, Y.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Phys Measurement Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tang, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stenbakken, G. N.] GNS Consulting, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. RP Tang, Y (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Phys Measurement Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yi-hua.tang@nist.gov; gerard.stenbakken@nist.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4673-2729-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDB70 UT WOS:000312493700037 ER PT J AU Goldberg, R Mercaldo-Allen, R Rose, JM Clark, P Kuropat, C Meseck, S Pereira, J AF Goldberg, Ronald Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Rose, Julie M. Clark, Paul Kuropat, Catherine Meseck, Shannon Pereira, Jose TI Effects of hydraulic shellfish dredging on the ecology of a cultivated clam bed SO AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Benthic macrofauna; Species composition; Before-after-control-impact design; Mercenaria mercenaria; Molluscan aquaculture ID ADRIATIC SEA; IMPACTS; COMMUNITIES; SCALES; FLOOR; GEAR AB A before-after-control-impact (BACI)-style experimental design was used to assess the short-term effects of hydraulic clam dredging on the benthic community of a leased shellfish bed along the Connecticut coast of Long Island Sound, where hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria are cultivated. Three replicate samples were collected from 6 plots (0.67 ha each) on a weekly basis from May through October 2009. Dredging was conducted in early July in 3 of the 6 plots, while 3 control plots were not dredged. Pairwise comparisons and multivariate analyses of main effects and interactions indicated that ecological indices did not differ significantly between dredged and not dredged plots, although sample date and plot both had significant effects. Assemblages of individual species were associated with specific sediment types found within the clam bed. Natural seasonal settlement patterns and sediment grain size had a greater influence on the benthic community than discrete hydraulic clam dredging. C1 [Goldberg, Ronald; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Rose, Julie M.; Clark, Paul; Kuropat, Catherine; Meseck, Shannon; Pereira, Jose] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Goldberg, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM ronald.goldberg@noaa.gov FU East Coast Shellfish Research Institute FX We thank Captains R. Alix and W. Schreiner for vessel operations, S. Auscavitch, S. DeCarli, M. Dixon, J. Esposito, J. Goggins, K. Harper, T. L. Nguyen, D. Redman, J. Reidy, G. Sennefelder, and A. Wu for technical support, and L. Williams of the Jesse D. Shellfish Company for dredging our study site and allowing us to sample his leased clam beds. The State of Connecticut, Dept of Agriculture, Bureau of Aquaculture's D. Carey and T. Barrell helped to coordinate experimental dredging and mark shellfish beds. This study was supported in part by the East Coast Shellfish Research Institute. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1869-215X J9 AQUACULT ENV INTERAC JI Aquac. Environ. Interact. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.3354/aei00045 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 060NA UT WOS:000312783800002 ER PT J AU Meseck, SL Li, YQ Dixon, MS Rivara, K Wikfors, GH Luther, G AF Meseck, Shannon L. Li, Yaqin Dixon, Mark S. Rivara, Karen Wikfors, Gary H. Luther, George, III TI Effects of a commercial, suspended eastern oyster nursery upon nutrient and sediment chemistry in a temperate, coastal embayment SO AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Sediments; Nutrients; Phytoplankton; Oysters ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FEEDING BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MUSSEL AQUACULTURE; FRESH-WATER; SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; ORGANIC ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; SULFATE REDUCTION AB We explored chemical effects of a commercial Floating-Upwelling-System (FLUPSY) stocked with juvenile oysters Crassostrea virginica in a small embayment. Water from the FLUPSY outflow was analyzed for nutrients (total ammonia, nitrate+nitrite, phosphate, and silicate), total suspended material (TSM), chlorophyll (chl) a, and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (C:N). The output from the FLUPSY was compared to estuarine transects in the Bay to determine if any outputs from the FLUPSY could be detected within the embayment. Sediment samples taken near the FLUPSY and throughout the embayment were analyzed for fluxes of total ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and oxygen. Dissolved nutrient concentrations in the FLUPSY output were no higher than in the rest of the embayment. There were, however, elevated concentrations of TSM and chl a near the FLUPSY compared to other sites in the embayment. Furthermore, suspended organic matter near the FLUPSY had a C: N ratio near the Redfield ratio, while the rest of the embayment had an elevated C: N ratio indicative of phytoplankton nitrogen limitation. These findings suggest that nutrient recycling by microbes may have been occurring in the vicinity of the FLUPSY. Sediment data showed no difference in fluxes of oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, or total ammonia between the FLUPSY output and elsewhere in the embayment. These findings suggest that the FLUPSY had very minimal effects on the chemical ecology of the embayment. C1 [Meseck, Shannon L.; Li, Yaqin; Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA NMFS, Milford, CT 06418 USA. [Rivara, Karen] Aeros Cultured Oyster Co, Southold, NY 11971 USA. [Luther, George, III] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Meseck, SL (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06418 USA. EM shannon.meseck@noaa.gov RI Luther, III, George/A-6384-2008 OI Luther, III, George/0000-0002-0780-885X NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1869-215X EI 1869-7534 J9 AQUACULT ENV INTERAC JI Aquac. Environ. Interact. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.3354/aei00050 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 060NA UT WOS:000312783800007 ER PT J AU Min, Q Joseph, E Lin, Y Min, L Yin, B Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Wang, J Lee, YN AF Min, Q. Joseph, E. Lin, Y. Min, L. Yin, B. Daum, P. H. Kleinman, L. I. Wang, J. Lee, Y. -N. TI Comparison of MODIS cloud microphysical properties with in-situ measurements over the Southeast Pacific SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOCALS-REX; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; VARIABILITY; RADIUS AB Utilizing the unique characteristics of the cloud over the Southeast Pacific (SEP) off the coast of Chile during the VOCALS field campaign, we compared satellite remote sensing of cloud microphysical properties against in-situ data from multi-aircraft observations, and studied the extent to which these retrieved properties are sufficiently constrained and consistent to reliably quantify the influence of aerosol loading on cloud droplet sizes. After constraining the spatial-temporal coincidence between satellite retrievals and in-situ measurements, we selected 17 non-drizzle comparison pairs. For these cases the mean aircraft profiling times were within one hour of Terra overpasses at both projected and un-projected (actual) aircraft positions for two different averaging domains of 5 km and 25 km. Retrieved quantities that were averaged over a larger domain of 25 km compared better statistically with in-situ observations than averages over a smaller domain of 5 km. Comparison at projected aircraft positions was slightly better than un-projected aircraft positions for some parameters. Overall, both MODIS-retrieved effective radius and LWP were larger but highly correlated with the in-situ measured effective radius and LWP, e. g., for averaging domains of 5 km, the biases are up to 1.75 mu m and 0.02 mm whilst the correlation coefficients are about 0.87 and 0.85, respectively. The observed effective radius difference between the two decreased with increasing cloud drop number concentration (CDNC), and increased with increasing cloud geometrical thickness. Compared to the absolute effective radius difference, the correlations between the relative effective radius difference and CDNC or cloud geometric thickness are weaker. For averaging domains of 5 km and 25 km, the correlation coefficients between MODIS-retrieved and in-situ measured CDNC are 0.91 and 0.93 with fitting slopes of 1.23 and 1.27, respectively. If the cloud adiabaticity is taken into account, better agreements are achieved for both averaging domains (the fitting slopes are 1.04 and 1.07, respectively). Our comparison and sensitivity analysis of simulated retrievals demonstrate that both cloud geometrical thickness and cloud adiabaticity are important factors in satellite retrievals of effective radius and cloud drop number concentration. The large variabilities in cloud geometrical thickness and adiabaticity, the dependencies of cloud microphysical properties on both quantities (as demonstrated in our sensitivity study of simulated retrievals), and the inability to accurately account for either of them in retrievals lead to some uncertainties and biases in satellite retrieved cloud effective radius, cloud liquid water path, and cloud drop number concentration. However, strong correlations between satellite retrievals and in-situ measurements suggest that satellite retrievals of cloud effective radius, cloud liquid water path, and cloud drop number concentration can be used to investigate aerosol indirect effects qualitatively. C1 [Min, Q.; Lin, Y.; Min, L.; Yin, B.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, NOAA Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Daum, P. H.; Kleinman, L. I.; Wang, J.; Lee, Y. -N.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Min, Q (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM qmin@albany.edu RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 FU US Department of Energy Brookhaven National Laboratory; US DOE's Atmospheric System Research program (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-FG02-03ER63531]; NSF [AGS-1138495]; NOAA Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Brookhaven National Laboratory and US DOE's Atmospheric System Research program (Office of Science, OBER) under contract DE-FG02-03ER63531, by the NSF under contract AGS-1138495, and by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) under cooperative agreements NA17AE1625 and NA17AE1623; contributions from PHD, LIK, JW, and YNL were supported by DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11261 EP 11273 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11261-2012 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300002 ER PT J AU Chen, G Xue, H Feingold, G Zhou, X AF Chen, G. Xue, H. Feingold, G. Zhou, X. TI Vertical transport of pollutants by shallow cumuli from large eddy simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; LIFE-CYCLE; OZONE; REDISTRIBUTION; DYNAMICS; AEROSOLS AB This study investigates the vertical transport of a passive tracer in a shallow cumulus boundary layer using large eddy simulations. The tracer source is at the surface in one case, and in the inversion layer in the other case. Results show that shallow cumulus clouds can significantly enhance vertical transport of the tracer in both cases. In the case with surface-borne pollutants, cloudy regions are responsible for the upward transport, due to the intense updrafts in cumulus clouds. In the case where pollutants are aloft, cloud-free regions are responsible for the downward transport, but the downward transport mainly occurs in thin regions around cloud edges. This is consistent with previous aircraft measurements of downdrafts around cumulus clouds and indicates that the downward transport is also cloud-induced. Cumulus convection is therefore able to both vent pollutants upward from the surface and fumigate pollutants in the inversion layer downward into the lower boundary layer. C1 [Chen, G.; Xue, H.; Zhou, X.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhou, X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Xue, H (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM hxue@pku.edu.cn RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Chinese NSF [41075097]; Chinese National Public Benefit Research Foundation of Meteorology [GYHY201006011] FX We thank Jost Heintzenberg for helpful discussions and suggestions on this manuscript. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewer and Thijs Heus for their comments and suggestions, which improved this manuscript. This work is supported by Chinese NSF grant 41075097 and Chinese National Public Benefit Research Foundation of Meteorology Grant GYHY201006011. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11319 EP 11327 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11319-2012 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300006 ER PT J AU Witrant, E Martinerie, P Hogan, C Laube, JC Kawamura, K Capron, E Montzka, SA Dlugokencky, EJ Etheridge, D Blunier, T Sturges, WT AF Witrant, E. Martinerie, P. Hogan, C. Laube, J. C. Kawamura, K. Capron, E. Montzka, S. A. Dlugokencky, E. J. Etheridge, D. Blunier, T. Sturges, W. T. TI A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACCUMULATION SITE; AIR; ICE; ANTARCTICA; SCALE; ATMOSPHERE; GREENLAND; IMPACT; SUMMIT; AGE AB Insoluble trace gases are trapped in polar ice at the firn-ice transition, at approximately 50 to 100 m below the surface, depending primarily on the site temperature and snow accumulation. Models of trace gas transport in polar firn are used to relate firn air and ice core records of trace gases to their atmospheric history. We propose a new model based on the following contributions. First, the firn air transport model is revised in a poromechanics framework with emphasis on the non-homogeneous properties and the treatment of gravitational settling. We then derive a nonlinear least square multi-gas optimisation scheme to calculate the effective firn diffusivity (automatic diffusivity tuning). The improvements gained by the multi-gas approach are investigated (up to ten gases for a single site are included in the optimisation process). We apply the model to four Arctic (Devon Island, NEEM, North GRIP, Summit) and seven Antarctic (DE08, Berkner Island, Siple Dome, Dronning Maud Land, South Pole, Dome C, Vostok) sites and calculate their respective depth-dependent diffusivity profiles. Among these different sites, a relationship is inferred between the snow accumulation rate and an increasing thickness of the lock-in zone defined from the isotopic composition of molecular nitrogen in firn air (denoted delta N-15). It is associated with a reduced diffusivity value and an increased ratio of advective to diffusive flux in deep firn, which is particularly important at high accumulation rate sites. This has implications for the understanding of delta N-15 of N-2 records in ice cores, in relation with past variations of the snow accumulation rate. As the snow accumulation rate is clearly a primary control on the thickness of the lock-in zone, our new approach that allows for the estimation of the lock-in zone width as a function of accumulation may lead to a better constraint on the age difference between the ice and entrapped gases. C1 [Witrant, E.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automat GIPSA Lab, UMR5216, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Martinerie, P.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE, UMR5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Hogan, C.; Laube, J. C.; Sturges, W. T.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Kawamura, K.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Kawamura, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Biogeosci, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Capron, E.] IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Capron, E.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Montzka, S. A.; Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Etheridge, D.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Blunier, T.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Ice & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Witrant, E (reprint author), UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automat GIPSA Lab, UMR5216, BP 46, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM emmanuel.witrant@ujf-grenoble.fr RI Blunier, Thomas/M-4609-2014; Etheridge, David/B-7334-2013; OI Blunier, Thomas/0000-0002-6065-7747; Kawamura, Kenji/0000-0003-1163-700X; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Belgium (FNRSCFB); Belgium (FWO); Canada (GSC); China (CAS); Denmark (FIST); France (IPEV); France (NIPR); Korea (KOPRI); Netherlands (NWO/ALW); Sweden (VR); Switzerland (SNF); United Kingdom (NERC); USA (US NSF, Office of Polar Programmes); CNRS through INSIS/PEPS-automatique and INSU/LEFE programmes; JSPS KAKENHI [21671001, 22221002] FX We are grateful to Christo Buizert, Amaelle Landais, Laurent Oxarango and Jeffrey Severinghaus for their useful comments on the paper and to Federico Bribiesca-Argomedo for his help in running numerical simulations. This work benefited greatly from numerous data available in public databases, in particular: AGAGE (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ndps/alegage.html), NOAA ESRL (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov) and BADC (http://badc.nerc.ac.uk). We thank the people involved in the acquiring, analysis and accessibility of these data. NEEM is directed and organised by the Center for Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute and US NSF, Office of Polar Programmes. It is supported by funding agencies and institutions in Belgium (FNRSCFB and FWO), Canada (GSC), China (CAS), Denmark (FIST), France (IPEV, CNRS/INSU, CEA and ANR), Germany (AWI), Iceland (RannIs), Japan (NIPR), Korea (KOPRI), The Netherlands (NWO/ALW), Sweden (VR), Switzerland (SNF), United Kingdom (NERC) and the USA (US NSF, Office of Polar Programmes). The French contribution to this study was further supported by CNRS through INSIS/PEPS-automatique and INSU/LEFE programmes and the Japan contribution by the support from JSPS KAKENHI (grants 21671001 and 22221002). The authors also greatly acknowledge the contribution of the editor and anonymous referees, who significantly participated in the paper improvement with their thoughtful and constructive remarks. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11465 EP 11483 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300015 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Law, KS Staehelin, J Derwent, R Cooper, OR Tanimoto, H Volz-Thomas, A Gilge, S Scheel, HE Steinbacher, M Chan, E AF Parrish, D. D. Law, K. S. Staehelin, J. Derwent, R. Cooper, O. R. Tanimoto, H. Volz-Thomas, A. Gilge, S. Scheel, H. -E. Steinbacher, M. Chan, E. TI Long-term changes in lower tropospheric baseline ozone concentrations at northern mid-latitudes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OZONE; UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BACKGROUND OZONE; ATLANTIC REGION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CENTRAL-EUROPE; TRENDS; AMERICA; PERIOD AB Changes in baseline (here understood as representative of continental to hemispheric scales) tropospheric O-3 concentrations that have occurred at northern mid-latitudes over the past six decades are quantified from available measurement records with the goal of providing benchmarks to which retrospective model calculations of the global O-3 distribution can be compared. Eleven data sets (ten ground-based and one airborne) including six European (beginning in the 1950's and before), three North American (beginning in 1984) and two Asian (beginning in 1991) are analyzed. When the full time periods of the data records are considered a consistent picture emerges; O-3 has increased at all sites in all seasons at approximately 1% yr(-1) relative to the site's 2000 yr mixing ratio in each season. For perspective, this rate of increase sustained from 1950 to 2000 corresponds to an approximate doubling. There is little if any evidence for statistically significant differences in average rates of increase among the sites, regardless of varying length of data records. At most sites (most definitively at the European sites) the rate of increase has slowed over the last decade (possibly longer), to the extent that at present O-3 is decreasing at some sites in some seasons, particularly in summer. The average rate of increase before 2000 shows significant seasonal differences (1.08 +/- 0.09, 0.89 +/- 0.10, 0.85 +/- 0.11 and 1.21 +/- 0.12% yr(-1) in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, over North America and Europe). C1 [Parrish, D. D.; Cooper, O. R.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Law, K. S.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL,UMR8190, Paris, France. [Staehelin, J.] ETHZ, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Derwent, R.] Rdscientific, Newbury RG14 6LH, Berks, England. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tanimoto, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Volz-Thomas, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Gilge, S.] German Meteorol Serv DWD, Hohenpeissenberg Meteorol Observ, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Scheel, H. -E.] IMK IFU, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Steinbacher, M.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol EMPA, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Chan, E.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM david.d.parrish@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667; Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115; Derwent, Richard/0000-0003-4498-645X FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs; European Union [FP7-ENV-2010/265148]; Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7-1] FX The authors are grateful to the Umweltamt of Graubunden and J. Thudium for providing the Arosa data sets, to the German Umweltbundesamt for providing recent data from Zingst, and to P. G. Simmonds and T. G Spain for providing the Mace Head data, to A. J. Manning for sorting the Mace Head data into baseline and non-baseline observations, to NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division for providing data from Trinidad Head and Bermuda, to US National Park Service 2002 for providing Lassen NP data, to Nova Scotia Environment, Air Quality and Resource Management Branch for providing Sable Is. data, and to Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) for providing the Mt. Happo and Japanese MBL data. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the strong support of the MOZAIC program by the European Communities, EADS, Airbus and the airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who have carried the MOZAIC equipment free of charge since 1994. D. Parrish acknowledges support from NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs. K. S. Law acknowledges support from the European Union Framework 7 (FP7) IP project PEGASOS (FP7-ENV-2010/265148). H. Tanimoto acknowledges support from the Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (S-7-1). NR 55 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 6 U2 90 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11485 EP 11504 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11485-2012 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300016 ER PT J AU Lonsdale, CR Stevens, RG Brock, CA Makar, PA Knipping, EM Pierce, JR AF Lonsdale, C. R. Stevens, R. G. Brock, C. A. Makar, P. A. Knipping, E. M. Pierce, J. R. TI The effect of coal-fired power-plant SO2 and NOx control technologies on aerosol nucleation in the source plumes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; GROWTH; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; PARTICLES; MORTALITY; TEXAS AB Nucleation in coal-fired power-plant plumes can greatly contribute to particle number concentrations near source regions. The changing emissions rates of SO2 and NOx due to pollution-control technologies over recent decades may have had a significant effect on aerosol formation and growth in the plumes with ultimate implications for climate and human health. We use the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) large-eddy simulation model with the TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics algorithm to model the nucleation in plumes of coal-fired plants. We test a range of cases with varying emissions to simulate the implementation of emissions-control technologies between 1997 and 2010. We start by simulating the W. A. Parish power plant (near Houston, TX) during this time period, when NOx emissions were reduced by similar to 90% and SO2 emissions decreased by similar to 30 %. Increases in plume OH (due to the reduced NOx) produced enhanced SO2 oxidation and an order-of-magnitude increase in particle nucleation in the plume despite the reduction in SO2 emissions. These results suggest that NOx emissions could strongly regulate particle nucleation and growth in power-plant plumes. Next, we test a range of cases with varying emissions to simulate the implementation of SO2 and NOx emissions-control technologies. Particle formation generally increases with SO2 emission, while NOx shows two different regimes: increasing particle formation with increasing NOx under low-NOx emissions and decreasing particle formation with increasing NOx under high-NOx emissions. Next, we compare model results with airborne measurements made in the W. A. Parish power-plant plume in 2000 and 2006, confirming the importance of NOx emissions on new particle formation and highlighting the substantial effect of background aerosol loadings on this process (the more polluted background of the 2006 case caused more than an order-of-magnitude reduction in particle formation in the plume compared to the cleaner test day in 2000). Finally, we calculate particle-formation statistics of 330 coal-fired power plants in the US in 1997 and 2010, and the model results show a median decrease of 19% in particle formation rates from 1997 to 2010 (whereas the W. A. Parish case study showed an increase). Thus, the US power plants, on average, show a different result than was found for the W. A. Parish plant specifically, and it shows that the strong NOx controls (90% reduction) implemented at the W. A. Parish plant (with relatively weak SO2 emissions reductions, 30 %) are not representative of most power plants in the US during the past 15 yr. These results suggest that there may be important climate implications of power-plant controls due to changes in plume chemistry and microphysics, but the magnitude and sign of the aerosol changes depend greatly on the relative reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions in each plant. More extensive plume measurements for a range of emissions of SO2 and NOx and in varying background aerosol conditions are needed, however, to better quantify these effects. C1 [Lonsdale, C. R.; Stevens, R. G.; Pierce, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Brock, C. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Makar, P. A.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Knipping, E. M.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Pierce, JR (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM jeffrey.robert.pierce@gmail.com RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Pierce, Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; Stevens, Robin/D-1341-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Pierce, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; Stevens, Robin/0000-0002-8737-6988; FU Environment Canada; Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) FX This research was funded by Environment Canada and the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI). We would like to thank Annmarie Carlton of Rutgers University for her suggestions. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11519 EP 11531 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11519-2012 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300018 ER PT J AU Sheridan, PJ Andrews, E Ogren, JA Tackett, JL Winker, DM AF Sheridan, P. J. Andrews, E. Ogren, J. A. Tackett, J. L. Winker, D. M. TI Vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties over central Illinois and comparison with surface and satellite measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; AIRCRAFT PROFILES; CONTINENTAL SITE; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Between June 2006 and September 2009, an instrumented light aircraft measured over 400 vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gas properties over eastern and central Illinois. The primary objectives of this program were to (1) measure the in situ aerosol properties and determine their vertical and temporal variability and (2) relate these aircraft measurements to concurrent surface and satellite measurements. The primary profile location was within 15 km of the NOAA/ESRL surface aerosol monitoring station near Bondville, Illinois. Identical instruments at the surface and on the aircraft ensured that the data from both platforms would be directly comparable and permitted a determination of how representative surface aerosol properties were of the lower column. Aircraft profiles were also conducted occasionally at two other nearby locations to increase the frequency of A-Train satellite underflights for the purpose of comparing in situ and satellite-retrieved aerosol data. Measurements of aerosol properties conducted at low relative humidity over the Bondville site compare well with the analogous surface aerosol data and do not indicate any major sampling issues or that the aerosol is radically different at the surface compared with the lowest flyby altitude of similar to 240m above ground level. Statistical analyses of the in situ vertical profile data indicate that aerosol light scattering and absorption (related to aerosol amount) decreases substantially with increasing altitude. Parameters related to the nature of the aerosol (e. g., single-scattering albedo, Angstrom exponent, etc.), however, are relatively constant throughout the mixed layer, and do not vary as much as the aerosol amount throughout the profile. While individual profiles often showed more variability, the median in situ single-scattering albedo was 0.93-0.95 for all sampled altitudes. Several parameters (e.g., submicrometer scattering fraction, hemispheric backscattering fraction, and scattering Angstrom exponent) suggest that the fraction of smaller particles in the aerosol is larger near the surface than at high altitudes. The observed dependence of scattering on size, wavelength, angular integration range, and relative humidity, together with the spectral dependence of absorption, show that the aerosol at higher altitudes is larger, less hygroscopic, and more strongly absorbing at shorter wavelengths, suggesting an increased contribution from dust or organic aerosols. The aerosol profiles show significant differences among seasons. The largest amounts of aerosol (as determined by median light extinction profile measurements) throughout most of the sampled column were observed during summer, with the lowest amounts in the winter and intermediate values in the spring and fall. The highest three profile levels (3.1, 3.7, 4.6 km), however, showed larger median extinction values in the spring, which could reflect long-range transport of dust or smoke aerosols. The aerosols in the mixed layer were darkest (i.e., lowest single-scattering albedo) in the fall, in agreement with surface measurements at Bondville and other continental sites in the US. In situ profiles of aerosol radiative forcing efficiency showed little seasonal or vertical variability. Underflights of the CALIPSO satellite show reasonable agreement in a majority of retrieved profiles between aircraft-measured extinction at 532 nm (adjusted to ambient relative humidity) and CALIPSO-retrieved extinction, and suggest that routine aircraft profiling programs can be used to better understand and validate satellite retrieval algorithms. CALIPSO tended to overestimate the aerosol extinction at this location in some boundary layer flight segments when scattered or broken clouds were present, which could be related to problems with CALIPSO cloud screening methods. The in situ aircraft-collected aerosol data suggest extinction thresholds for the likelihood of aerosol layers being detected by the CALIOP lidar. In this study, aerosol layers with light extinction (532 nm) values > 50 Mm(-1) were detected by CALIPSO similar to 95% of the time, while aerosol layers with extinction values lower than 10 Mm(-1) had a detection efficiency of < 2 %. For all collocated comparison cases, a 50% probability of detection falls at an in situ extinction level of 20-25 Mm(-1). These statistical data offer guidance as to the likelihood of CALIPSO's ability to retrieve aerosol extinction at various locations around the globe. C1 [Sheridan, P. J.; Andrews, E.; Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tackett, J. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Winker, D. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Sheridan, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM patrick.sheridan@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors wish to thank our pilot, Stan Unander, of the University of Illinois Institute for Aviation, for flying our profiles and being the on-site science technician, and Chuck Greenwood of The Greenwood Group for providing a safe and effective aircraft platform. We also thank Jim Wendell and Robert Albee of NOAA/ESRL for systems engineering and fabrication, and Derek Hageman of NOAA/ESRL for data acquisition and visualization software. We gratefully acknowledge funding for this project from the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11695 EP 11721 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11695-2012 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300029 ER PT J AU Baasandorj, M Hall, BD Burkholder, JB AF Baasandorj, M. Hall, B. D. Burkholder, J. B. TI Rate coefficients for the reaction of O(D-1) with the atmospherically long-lived greenhouse gases NF3, SF5CF3, CHF3, C2F6, c-C4F8, n-C5F12, and n-C6F14 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE; CROSS-SECTIONS; DEACTIVATION; EFFICIENCY; LIFETIMES; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; SPECTRUM; SO2F2; ATOMS AB The contribution of atmospherically persistent (long-lived) greenhouse gases to the radiative forcing of Earth has increased over the past several decades. The impact of highly fluorinated, saturated compounds, in particular perfluorinated compounds, on climate change is a concern because of their long atmospheric lifetimes, which are primarily determined by stratospheric loss processes, as well as their strong absorption in the infrared "window" region. A potentially key stratospheric loss process for these compounds is their gas-phase reaction with electronically excited oxygen atoms, O(D-1). Therefore, accurate reaction rate coefficient data is desired for input to climate change models. In this work, rate coefficients, k, were measured for the reaction of O(D-1) with several key long-lived greenhouse gases, namely NF3, SF5CF3, CHF3 (HFC-23), C2F6, c-C4F8, n-C5F12, and n-C6F14. Room temperature rate coefficients for the total reaction, k(Tot), corresponding to loss of O(D-1), and reactive channel, k(R), corresponding to the loss of the reactant compound, were measured for NF3 and SF5CF3 using competitive reaction and relative rate methods, respectively. k(R) was measured for the CHF3 reaction and improved upper-limits were determined for the perfluorinated compounds included in this study. For NF3, k(Tot) was determined to be (2.55 +/- 0.38) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(R), which was measured using CF3Cl, N2O, CF2ClCF2Cl (CFC-114), and CF3CFCl2 (CFC-114a) as reference compounds, was determined to be (2.21 +/- 0.33) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). For SF5CF3, k(Tot) = (3.24 +/- 0.50) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(R) < 5.8 x 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) were measured, where k(R) is a factor of three lower than the current recommendation of kTot for use in atmospheric modeling. For CHF3 k(R) was determined to be (2.35 +/- 0.35) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), which corresponds to a reactive channel yield of 0.26 +/- 0.04, and resolves a large discrepancy among previously reported values. The quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma and include estimated systematic errors. Upper-limits for k(R) for the C2F6, c-C4F8, n-C5F12, and n-C6F14 reactions were determined to be 3.0, 3.5, 5.0, and 16 (in units of 10-14 cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)), respectively. The results from this work are compared with results from previous studies. As part of this work, infrared absorption band strengths for NF3 and SF5CF3 were measured and found to be in good agreement with recently reported values. C1 [Baasandorj, M.; Burkholder, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baasandorj, M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hall, B. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Climate Goal; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11753 EP 11764 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11753-2012 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300032 ER PT J AU Kellmann, S von Clarmann, T Stiller, GP Eckert, E Glatthor, N Hopfner, M Kiefer, M Orphal, J Funke, B Grabowski, U Linden, A Dutton, GS Elkins, JW AF Kellmann, S. von Clarmann, T. Stiller, G. P. Eckert, E. Glatthor, N. Hoepfner, M. Kiefer, M. Orphal, J. Funke, B. Grabowski, U. Linden, A. Dutton, G. S. Elkins, J. W. TI Global CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) measurements with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS): retrieval, climatologies and trends SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RESOLUTION; AIR; TEMPERATURE; INSTRUMENT; SPECTROMETER AB Vertical profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) have been measured with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) with global coverage under daytime and nighttime conditions. The profile retrieval is based on constrained nonlinear least squares fitting of measured limb spectral radiance to modeled spectra. CFC-11 is measured in its nu(4)-band at 850 cm(-1), and CFC-12 is analyzed in its nu(6)-band at 922 cm(-1). To stabilize the retrievals, a Tikhonov-type smoothing constraint is applied. Main retrieval error sources are measurement noise and elevation pointing uncertainties. The estimated CFC-11 retrieval errors including noise and parameter errors but excluding spectroscopic data uncertainties are below 10 pptv in the middle stratosphere, depending on altitude, the MIPAS measurement mode and the actual atmospheric situation. For CFC-12 the total retrieval errors are below 28 pptv at an altitude resolution varying from 3 to 5 km. Time series of altitude/latitude bins were fitted by a simple parametric approach including constant and linear terms, a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) proxy and sine and cosine terms of several periods. In the time series from 2002 to 2011, quasi-biennial and annual oscillations are clearly visible. A decrease of stratospheric CFC mixing ratios in response to the Montreal Protocol is observed for most altitudes and latitudes. However, the trends differ from the trends measured in the troposphere, they are even positive at some latitudes and altitudes, and can in some cases only be explained by decadal changes in atmospheric age of air spectra or vertical mixing patterns. C1 [Kellmann, S.; von Clarmann, T.; Stiller, G. P.; Eckert, E.; Glatthor, N.; Hoepfner, M.; Kiefer, M.; Orphal, J.; Grabowski, U.; Linden, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Dutton, G. S.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dutton, G. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kellmann, S (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM sylvia.kellmann@kit.edu RI Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Orphal, Johannes/A-8667-2012; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Glatthor, Norbert/B-2141-2013; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Kiefer, Michael/A-7254-2013 OI Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Orphal, Johannes/0000-0002-1943-4496; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [50EE0901]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology FX ESA has provided MIPAS Level-1B data. Meteorological analysis data have been provided by ECMWF. Development of CFC-11 and CFC-12 data retrieval was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract no. 50EE0901. We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Partial support for NOAA/ESRL ground based measurements is from the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 75 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 24 BP 11857 EP 11875 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11857-2012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WR UT WOS:000312666100006 ER PT J AU John, JG Fiore, AM Naik, V Horowitz, LW Dunne, JP AF John, J. G. Fiore, A. M. Naik, V. Horowitz, L. W. Dunne, J. P. TI Climate versus emission drivers of methane lifetime against loss by tropospheric OH from 1860-2100 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL RADICALS; CH4 GROWTH-RATE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; OZONE POLLUTION; CHEMISTRY MODEL; FUTURE CHANGES; 2 DECADES; NOX; SENSITIVITY AB With a more-than-doubling in the atmospheric abundance of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) since preindustrial times, and indications of renewed growth following a leveling off in recent years, questions arise as to future trends and resulting climate and public health impacts from continued growth without mitigation. Changes in atmospheric methane lifetime are determined by factors which regulate the abundance of OH, the primary methane removal mechanism, including changes in CH4 itself. We investigate the role of emissions of short-lived species and climate in determining the evolution of methane lifetime against loss by tropospheric OH, (tau(CH4_OH)), in a suite of historical (1860-2005) and future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) simulations (2006-2100), conducted with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) fully coupled chemistry-climate model (CM3). From preindustrial to present, CM3 simulates an overall 5% increase in tau(CH4_OH) due to a doubling of the methane burden which offsets coincident increases in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Over the last two decades, however, the tau(CH4_OH) declines steadily, coinciding with the most rapid climate warming and observed slow-down in CH4 growth rates, reflecting a possible negative feedback through the CH4 sink. Sensitivity simulations with CM3 suggest that the aerosol indirect effect (aerosol-cloud interactions) plays a significant role in cooling the CM3 climate. The projected decline in aerosols under all RCPs contributes to climate warming over the 21st century, which influences the future evolution of OH concentration and tau(CH4_OH). Projected changes in tau(CH4_OH) from 2006 to 2100 range from -13% to +4%. The only projected increase occurs in the most extreme warming case (RCP8.5) due to the near-doubling of the CH4 abundance, reflecting a positive feedback on the climate system. The largest decrease occurs in the RCP4.5 scenario due to changes in short-lived climate forcing agents which reinforce climate warming and enhance OH. This decrease is more-than-halved in a sensitivity simulation in which only well-mixed greenhouse gas radiative forcing changes along the RCP4.5 scenario (5% vs. 13%). C1 [John, J. G.; Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.; Dunne, J. P.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Laboratory NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Naik, V.] UCAR Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP John, JG (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Laboratory NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. EM jasmin.john@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X NR 94 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 24 BP 12021 EP 12036 DI 10.5194/acp-12-12021-2012 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WR UT WOS:000312666100018 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Liu, Z Zhang, Q Liu, H Mao, J Zhuang, G AF Lin, J. -T. Liu, Z. Zhang, Q. Liu, H. Mao, J. Zhuang, G. TI Modeling uncertainties for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide columns affecting satellite-based inverse modeling of nitrogen oxides emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; NOX EMISSIONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; AEROSOL EMISSIONS; CLIMATE MODEL; TRACE GASES; AIR-QUALITY; INTEX-B AB Errors in chemical transport models (CTMs) interpreting the relation between space-retrieved tropospheric column densities of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have important consequences on the inverse modeling. They are however difficult to quantify due to lack of adequate in situ measurements, particularly over China and other developing countries. This study proposes an alternate approach for model evaluation over East China, by analyzing the sensitivity of modeled NO2 columns to errors in meteorological and chemical parameters/processes important to the nitrogen abundance. As a demonstration, it evaluates the nested version of GEOS-Chem driven by the GEOS-5 meteorology and the INTEX-B anthropogenic emissions and used with retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to constrain emissions of NOx. The CTM has been used extensively for such applications. Errors are examined for a comprehensive set of meteorological and chemical parameters using measurements and/or uncertainty analysis based on current knowledge. Results are exploited then for sensitivity simulations perturbing the respective parameters, as the basis of the following post-model linearized and localized first-order modification. It is found that the model meteorology likely contains errors of various magnitudes in cloud optical depth, air temperature, water vapor, boundary layer height and many other parameters. Model errors also exist in gaseous and heterogeneous reactions, aerosol optical properties and emissions of non-nitrogen species affecting the nitrogen chemistry. Modifications accounting for quantified errors in 10 selected parameters increase the NO2 columns in most areas with an average positive impact of 18% in July and 8% in January, the most important factor being modified uptake of the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) on aerosols. This suggests a possible systematic model bias such that the top-down emissions will be overestimated by the same magnitude if the model is used for emission inversion without corrections. The modifications however cannot eliminate the large model underestimates in cities and other extremely polluted areas (particularly in the north) as compared to satellite retrievals, likely pointing to underestimates of the a priori emission inventory in these places with important implications for understanding of atmospheric chemistry and air quality. Note that these modifications are simplified and should be interpreted with caution for error apportionment. C1 [Lin, J. -T.] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Z.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Liu, H.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Mao, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Zhuang, G.] Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Ctr Atmospher Chem Study, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM linjt@pku.edu.cn RI Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Liu, Zhen/C-3027-2011; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012 OI Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41005078, 41175127, 41128005]; MOST, China [2010DFA92230] FX This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant 41005078 and 41175127. The work of G. Zhuang is supported by the great international collaboration project of MOST, China (2010DFA92230), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41128005, fund for collaboration with oversea scholars). We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from www.temis.nl, MODIS AOD data from NASA, and meteorological data from NOAA NCDC and the ISCCP project. We thank Randall V. Martin and Mathew Evans for useful comments. NR 80 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 24 BP 12255 EP 12275 DI 10.5194/acp-12-12255-2012 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WR UT WOS:000312666100032 ER PT J AU Mates, SP Ridder, SD Biancaniello, FS Zahrah, T AF Mates, S. P. Ridder, S. D. Biancaniello, F. S. Zahrah, T. TI VACUUM-ASSISTED GAS ATOMIZATION OF LIQUID METAL SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article DE gas atomization; metal powder; particle size control ID CLOSE-COUPLED ATOMIZER; BREAK-UP; NOZZLE GEOMETRY; FLOW; INSTABILITY; BEHAVIOR; POWDERS; STREAM; JET AB Vacuum-assisted gas atomization of liquid metal is explored. The investigation is motivated by observations of liquid metal atomization that indicate that secondary atomization is sustained over an extended distance from the nozzle tip. Increasing the velocity of the gas flow downstream of the nozzle exit by lowering the nozzle back pressure below ambient may therefore improve atomization efficiency. Supersonic jets grow in length when the nozzle back pressure is lowered due to an increase in the nozzle pressure ratio. However, since the nozzle mass flux remains fixed, any improvements in vacuum-assisted atomization efficiency will be realized without any increase to the gas-to-metal mass flow ratio, which is of interest both academically and practically as gas consumption can be costly. Small (25-kg batch) atomization runs were performed using an Al-Cu-Ni glass-forming alloy in which a high-mass-flow vacuum system was employed to maintain a sub-ambient chamber pressure over the course of an entire run. The powder produced in this manner was then compared to the conventional method without the vacuum system operating. Results demonstrate that atomizing into a partial vacuum decreases the frequency of the coarsest particles in the powder size distributions, leading to a narrower particle size distribution. Further, they underscore the importance of the axial length scale affecting secondary atomization that is related to, but not fully described by, the gas-to-liquid mass flux ratio. The present experiments point out a significant and unexplored parameter space that may be exploited to increase control over particle size distributions. C1 [Mates, S. P.; Ridder, S. D.; Biancaniello, F. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zahrah, T.] MATSYS Inc, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. RP Mates, SP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM smates@nist.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2012 VL 22 IS 7 BP 581 EP 601 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 065KL UT WOS:000313147100003 ER PT J AU de Souza, GF Reynolds, BC Johnson, GC Bullister, JL Bourdon, B AF de Souza, G. F. Reynolds, B. C. Johnson, G. C. Bullister, J. L. Bourdon, B. TI Silicon stable isotope distribution traces Southern Ocean export of Si to the eastern South Pacific thermocline SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TOTAL GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; HYDROGRAPHIC SECTION; INTERMEDIATE WATER; FLOW PATTERNS; NORTH PACIFIC; FRACTIONATION; VENTILATION; MODE; TRANSPORTS AB The cycling and transport of dissolved silicon (Si) in the ocean may be traced by its stable isotope composition, delta Si-30. We present a dataset of delta Si-30 values along 103 degrees W in the eastern South Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean (62 degrees S) to the equatorial Pacific (12 degrees S). At high southern latitudes, the uptake and associated isotope fractionation of Si by diatoms results in highly elevated delta Si-30 values (up to +3.2 parts per thousand) in the summer mixed layer. High delta Si-30 values (+2 parts per thousand) are also preserved in the high-latitude fossil winter mixed layer, documenting the efficient export of diatom opal beyond the maximum depth of winter convection. This elevated winter mixed layer delta Si-30 signature is introduced into the ocean interior by the subduction of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), whose northward spreading results in a strong isopycnal control on lower-thermocline and intermediate delta Si-30 values in the well-ventilated eastern South Pacific. Values of delta Si-30 are strongly conserved along SAMW and AAIW density levels as far north as 26 degrees S, documenting the importance of the export of preformed Si from the surface Southern Ocean to lower latitudes. In contrast, in the equatorial Pacific, depressed delta Si-30 values in the mesopelagic ocean are observed, most likely documenting the combined influence of a North Pacific Si source as well as the accumulation of remineralized Si within the eastern equatorial Pacific shadow zone. At depth, delta Si-30 values in the South Pacific remain indistinguishable from deep Southern Ocean values of +1.25 parts per thousand, even within Si-rich and oxygen-poor deep waters returning from the North Pacific. This homogeneity implies that the dissolution of opal plays a negligible role in altering the delta Si-30 value of deep waters as they traverse the deep Pacific Ocean. C1 [de Souza, G. F.; Reynolds, B. C.; Bourdon, B.] ETH, Inst Geochem & Petrol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Johnson, G. C.; Bullister, J. L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP de Souza, GF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gfds@princeton.edu RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; de Souza, Gregory/0000-0002-0232-2690 FU NSF/NOAA; Swiss National Science Foundation [200021-116473, 200020-130361] FX William Landing is gratefully acknowledged for collecting samples for delta30Si analysis from the CLIVAR I06S re-occupation. Cruises 33RO20071215 and 33RR20080204 were undertaken as part of the US Repeat Hydrography Program funded by NSF/NOAA; the authors wish to thank the captains and crews of R/V Ronald H. Brown and Roger Revelle as well as K. Speer as Chief Scientist on cruise 33RR20080204. Bottle data were accessed from data files p18_33RO20071215_hy1.csv (dated 20111215) and i06s_33RR20080204_hy1.csv (dated 20110904), CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office, La Jolla, CA, USA; the contributions of Molly Baringer, Calvin Mordy, Jia-Zhong Zhang, Chris Langdon, and Mark Warner toward producing these data are acknowledged. The authors thank Damien Cardinal and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews, and Christine Klaas for editorial handling. This study was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grants 200021-116473 and 200020-130361. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 11 BP 4199 EP 4213 DI 10.5194/bg-9-4199-2012 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 058XC UT WOS:000312667300001 ER PT J AU Bourbonnais, A Juniper, SK Butterfield, DA Devol, AH Kuypers, MMM Lavik, G Hallam, SJ Wenk, CB Chang, BX Murdock, SA Lehmann, MF AF Bourbonnais, A. Juniper, S. K. Butterfield, D. A. Devol, A. H. Kuypers, M. M. M. Lavik, G. Hallam, S. J. Wenk, C. B. Chang, B. X. Murdock, S. A. Lehmann, M. F. TI Activity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the subsurface biosphere of diffuse hydrothermal vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; SULFUR-OXIDIZING CHEMOLITHOAUTOTROPH; OCEANIC FIXED NITROGEN; OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA; DENITRIFICATION RATES; ARABIAN SEA; SP-NOV.; SUBMARINE VOLCANOS; ANAMMOX BACTERIA AB Little is known about fixed nitrogen (N) transformation and elimination at diffuse hydrothermal vents where anoxic fluids are mixed with oxygenated crustal seawater prior to discharge. Oceanic N sinks that remove bio-available N ultimately affect chemosynthetic primary productivity in these ecosystems. Using N-15 paired isotope techniques, we determined potential rates of fixed N loss pathways (denitrification, anammox) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in sulfidic hydrothermal vent fluids discharging from the subsurface at several sites at Axial Volcano and the Endeavour Segment on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. We also measured physico-chemical parameters (i.e., temperature, pH, nutrients, H2S and N2O concentrations) as well as the biodiversity and abundance of chemolithoautotrophic nitrate-reducing, sulfur-oxidizing gamma-proteobacteria (SUP05 cluster) using sequence analysis of amplified small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes in combination with taxon-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Denitrification was the dominant N loss pathway in the subsurface biosphere of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, with rates of up to similar to 1000 nmol N l(-1) day(-1). In comparison, anammox rates were always < 5 nmol N l(-1) day(-1) and below the detection limit at most of the sites. DNRA rates were up to similar to 150 nmol N l(-1) day(-1). These results suggest that bacterial denitrification out-competes anammox in sulfidic hydrothermal vent waters. Taxon-specific qPCR revealed that gamma-proteobacteria of the SUP05 cluster sometimes dominated the microbial community (SUP05/total bacteria up to 38 %). Significant correlations were found between fixed N loss (i.e., denitrification, anammox) rates and in situ nitrate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) deficits in the fluids, indicating that DIN availability may ultimately regulate N loss in the subsurface. Based on our rate measurements, and on published data on hydrothermal fluid fluxes and residence times, we estimated that up to similar to 10 Tg N yr(-1) could globally be removed in the subsurface biosphere of hydrothermal vents systems, thus, representing a small fraction of the total marine N loss (similar to 275 to > 400 Tg N yr(-1)). C1 [Bourbonnais, A.; Juniper, S. K.; Murdock, S. A.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Butterfield, D. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Devol, A. H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kuypers, M. M. M.; Lavik, G.] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Dept Biogeochem, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Hallam, S. J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Hallam, S. J.] Univ British Columbia, Grad Programme Bioinformat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Wenk, C. B.; Lehmann, M. F.] Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Chang, B. X.] Princeton Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Bourbonnais, A (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. EM annieb@uvic.ca RI Lavik, Gaute/F-6578-2013; Lehmann, Moritz/A-3301-2014; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Lehmann, Moritz/0000-0003-0626-5942; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); NSERC; PEO; SNF (Swiss National Science Foundation); U. S. N. S. F. [OCE 0731947]; NOAA/PMEL Vents Programme [2028, 3835] FX This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR). A. B. benefited from an NSERC graduate fellowship and a PEO Scholar Award. S. K. J. was funded by an NSERC Discovery grant, M. F. L. by NSERC Discovery and SNF (Swiss National Science Foundation) R'Equip grants, D. A. B. was supported by U. S. N. S. F. grant OCE 0731947 and the NOAA/PMEL Vents Programme (JISAO contribution number 2028, PMEL contribution number 3835), and S. H. was supported by CFI and CIFAR. We thank James Holden, Bill Chadwick, the officers and crew of the R/V Atlantis and R/V Thomas G. Thompson, and the ROPOS, Jason and Alvin submersible teams for exceptional field support, and Rika Anderson, Karina Giesbreck, Mark Haught, Alyse Hawley, Kevin Roe, Real Roy, Mark Rollog, Charles Stump, Elena Zaikova, and Jakob Zopfi for laboratory assistance. We also thank Julie Huber and Rika Anderson (John Baross' lab, University of Washington) and Helene C. Ver Eecke (James Holden's lab, University of Massachusetts) for sharing eDNA and bacterial count data, and Roberta Hamme for her help with denitrification rate measurements for the 2008 cruises. The CouchSurfing community provided accommodation for A. B. during sample analyses in Vancouver (Canada), Seattle (USA) and Bremen (Germany). NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 76 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 11 BP 4661 EP 4678 DI 10.5194/bg-9-4661-2012 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 058XC UT WOS:000312667300034 ER PT J AU Gloor, M Gatti, L Brienen, R Feldpausch, TR Phillips, OL Miller, J Ometto, JP Rocha, H Baker, T de Jong, B Houghton, RA Malhi, Y Aragao, LEOC Guyot, JL Zhao, K Jackson, R Peylin, P Sitch, S Poulter, B Lomas, M Zaehle, S Huntingford, C Levy, P Lloyd, J AF Gloor, M. Gatti, L. Brienen, R. Feldpausch, T. R. Phillips, O. L. Miller, J. Ometto, J. P. Rocha, H. Baker, T. de Jong, B. Houghton, R. A. Malhi, Y. Aragao, L. E. O. C. Guyot, J. -L. Zhao, K. Jackson, R. Peylin, P. Sitch, S. Poulter, B. Lomas, M. Zaehle, S. Huntingford, C. Levy, P. Lloyd, J. TI The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; LAND-COVER CHANGE; TROPICAL FORESTS; VERTICAL PROFILES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL CARBON; DEFORESTATION; CLIMATE; BASIN AB We summarise the contemporary carbon budget of South America and relate it to its dominant controls: population and economic growth, changes in land use practices and a changing atmospheric environment and climate. Component flux estimate methods we consider sufficiently reliable for this purpose encompass fossil fuel emission inventories, biometric analysis of old-growth rainforests, estimation of carbon release associated with deforestation based on remote sensing and inventories, and agricultural export data. Alternative methods for the estimation of the continental-scale net land to atmosphere CO2 flux, such as atmospheric transport inverse modelling and terrestrial biosphere model predictions, are, we find, hampered by the data paucity, and improved parameterisation and validation exercises are required before reliable estimates can be obtained. From our analysis of available data, we suggest that South America was a net source to the atmosphere during the 1980s (similar to 0.3-0.4 Pg C a(-1)) and close to neutral (similar to 0.1 Pg C a(-1)) in the 1990s. During the latter period, carbon uptake in old-growth forests nearly compensated for the carbon release associated with fossil fuel burning and deforestation. Annual mean precipitation over tropical South America as inferred from Amazon River discharge shows a long-term upward trend. Although, over the last decade dry seasons have tended to be drier, with the years 2005 and 2010 in particular experiencing strong droughts. On the other hand, precipitation during the wet seasons also shows an increasing trend. Air temperatures have also increased slightly. Also with increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, it is currently unclear what effect these climate changes are having on the forest carbon balance of the region. Current indications are that the forests of the Amazon Basin have acted as a substantial long-term carbon sink, but with the most recent measurements suggesting that this sink may be weakening. Economic development of the tropical regions of the continent is advancing steadily, with exports of agricultural products being an important driver and witnessing a strong upturn over the last decade. C1 [Gloor, M.; Brienen, R.; Feldpausch, T. R.; Phillips, O. L.; Baker, T.; Lloyd, J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS9 2JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Gatti, L.] CNEN IPEN Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Miller, J.] NOAA, ESRL R, GMD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ometto, J. P.] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Earth Syst Sci Ctr CCST, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Rocha, H.] Univ Sao Paulo, IAG, Dept Ciencias Atmosfer, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Malhi, Y.] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Houghton, R. A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Aragao, L. E. O. C.] Univ Exeter, Sch Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Guyot, J. -L.] IRD, BR-71635971 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Zhao, K.; Jackson, R.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Peylin, P.] CEA Ctr Saclay, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Poulter, B.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm LSCE Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sitch, S.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Lomas, M.] Univ Sheffield, CTCD, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Syst Dept, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Huntingford, C.; Levy, P.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lloyd, J.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Studies, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. [de Jong, B.] El Colegio Frontera ECOSUR, Chiapas 29290, Mexico. RP Gloor, M (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS9 2JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM eugloor@googlemail.com RI Huntingford, Chris/A-4307-2008; Ometto, Jean/B-3351-2013; Lloyd, Jonathan/F-8893-2010; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; Feldpausch, Ted/D-3436-2009; Zhao, Kaiguang/D-1172-2010; Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Guyot, Jean Loup/A-4193-2010; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017; OI Lloyd, Jonathan/0000-0002-5458-9960; Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168; Feldpausch, Ted/0000-0002-6631-7962; Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561; Guyot, Jean Loup/0000-0001-6298-7806; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Huntingford, Chris/0000-0002-5941-7770; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600 FU AMAZONICA NERC [NE/F005806/1]; TROBIT consortia grants; MOORE foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/F015356/2, NE/l018123/1] FX We would like to thank Phil Rees, who has advised us on demographic data, the AMAZONICA NERC (NE/F005806/1) and TROBIT consortia grants, and the MOORE foundation, who have supported MG, RB, OP, and TF, and L. E. O. C. Aragao acknowledges the support of the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants (NE/F015356/2 and NE/l018123/1). We also thank Han Dolman, Pep Canadell and Philippe Ciais for inviting us to participate in the RECCAP effort and to attend the Virginia workshop. Shiela Lloyd assisted with manuscript preparation. We also acknowledge helpful comments from one of the reviewers. NR 93 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 158 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5407 EP 5430 DI 10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012 PG 24 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 058XJ UT WOS:000312668100033 ER PT J AU Pietikainen, JP O'Donnell, D Teichmann, C Karstens, U Pfeifer, S Kazil, J Podzun, R Fiedler, S Kokkola, H Birmili, W O'Dowd, C Baltensperger, U Weingartner, E Gehrig, R Spindler, G Kulmala, M Feichter, J Jacob, D Laaksonen, A AF Pietikainen, J. -P. O'Donnell, D. Teichmann, C. Karstens, U. Pfeifer, S. Kazil, J. Podzun, R. Fiedler, S. Kokkola, H. Birmili, W. O'Dowd, C. Baltensperger, U. Weingartner, E. Gehrig, R. Spindler, G. Kulmala, M. Feichter, J. Jacob, D. Laaksonen, A. TI The regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION PARAMETERIZATION; BACK TRAJECTORIES ANALYSIS; SMALL IMPLICIT DIFFUSION; NUCLEATION EVENTS; PARTICLE FORMATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AB REMO-HAM is a new regional aerosol-climate model. It is based on the REMO regional climate model and includes most of the major aerosol processes. The structure for aerosol is similar to the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM, for example the aerosol module HAM is coupled with a two-moment stratiform cloud scheme. On the other hand, REMO-HAM does not include an online coupled aerosol-radiation nor a secondary organic aerosol module. In this work, we evaluate the model and compare the results against ECHAM5-HAM and measurements. Four different measurement sites were chosen for the comparison of total number concentrations, size distributions and gas phase sulfur dioxide concentrations: Hyytiala in Finland, Melpitz in Germany, Mace Head in Ireland and Jungfraujoch in Switzerland. REMO-HAM is run with two different resolutions: 50 x 50 km(2) and 10 x 10 km(2). Based on our simulations, REMO-HAM is in reasonable agreement with the measured values. The differences in the total number concentrations between REMO-HAM and ECHAM5-HAM can be mainly explained by the difference in the nucleation mode. Since we did not use activation nor kinetic nucleation for the boundary layer, the total number concentrations are somewhat underestimated. From the meteorological point of view, REMO-HAM represents the precipitation fields and 2 m temperature profile very well compared to measurement. Overall, we show that REMO-HAM is a functional aerosol-climate model, which will be used in further studies. C1 [Pietikainen, J. -P.; O'Donnell, D.; Kokkola, H.; Laaksonen, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Pietikainen, J. -P.; Teichmann, C.; Podzun, R.; Feichter, J.; Jacob, D.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Pietikainen, J. -P.; Teichmann, C.; Pfeifer, S.; Podzun, R.; Jacob, D.] Climate Serv Ctr, D-20095 Hamburg, Germany. [Karstens, U.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kazil, J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fiedler, S.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Birmili, W.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res IfT, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [O'Dowd, C.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. [Baltensperger, U.; Weingartner, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Gehrig, R.] Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Kulmala, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Laaksonen, A.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio 70211, Finland. RP Pietikainen, JP (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM joni-pekka.pietikainen@fmi.fi RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Laaksonen, Ari/B-5094-2011; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Teichmann, Claas/J-1149-2014; Kokkola, Harri/J-5993-2014; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Pietikainen, Joni-Pekka/H-4228-2015; Karstens, Ute/P-7075-2014; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fiedler, Stephanie/0000-0001-8898-9949; Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Laaksonen, Ari/0000-0002-1657-2383; Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Teichmann, Claas/0000-0003-2478-7074; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Pietikainen, Joni-Pekka/0000-0002-9270-4739; Karstens, Ute/0000-0002-8985-7742; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; FU Academy of Finland [136175]; Emil Aaltonen Foundation; Saastamoinen Foundation; University of Eastern Finland FX We wish to thank Sebastian Rast (MPI-M Hamburg) for all the help with ECHAM(5-HAM) model. We are also grateful to Margaret Ryan (Met Eireann, Ireland) for providing the Valentia observatory data. Many thanks also to Ulrike Lohmann (ETH Zurich) for all the help with the new cloud scheme. We would also like to acknowledge the support from the Academy of Finland (project nr. 136175), Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Saastamoinen Foundation, and the University of Eastern Finland. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1323 EP 1339 DI 10.5194/gmd-5-1323-2012 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 059HW UT WOS:000312696000001 ER PT J AU Lawrence, BN Balaji, V Bentley, P Callaghan, S DeLuca, C Denvil, S Devine, G Elkington, M Ford, RW Guilyardi, E Lautenschlager, M Morgan, M Moine, MP Murphy, S Pascoe, C Ramthun, H Slavin, P Steenman-Clark, L Toussaint, F Treshansky, A Valcke, S AF Lawrence, B. N. Balaji, V. Bentley, P. Callaghan, S. DeLuca, C. Denvil, S. Devine, G. Elkington, M. Ford, R. W. Guilyardi, E. Lautenschlager, M. Morgan, M. Moine, M-P. Murphy, S. Pascoe, C. Ramthun, H. Slavin, P. Steenman-Clark, L. Toussaint, F. Treshansky, A. Valcke, S. TI Describing Earth system simulations with the Metafor CIM SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB The Metafor project has developed a common information model (CIM) using the ISO19100 series formalism to describe numerical experiments carried out by the Earth system modelling community, the models they use, and the simulations that result. Here we describe the mechanism by which the CIM was developed, and its key properties. We introduce the conceptual and application versions and the controlled vocabularies developed in the context of supporting the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We describe how the CIM has been used in experiments to describe model coupling properties and describe the near term expected evolution of the CIM. C1 [Lawrence, B. N.; Devine, G.; Guilyardi, E.; Steenman-Clark, L.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Lawrence, B. N.; Callaghan, S.; Pascoe, C.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Ctr Environm Data Archival, Rutherford, NJ USA. [Balaji, V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Balaji, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Bentley, P.; Elkington, M.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [DeLuca, C.; Murphy, S.; Treshansky, A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Denvil, S.; Guilyardi, E.; Morgan, M.] CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. [Ford, R. W.; Slavin, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Lautenschlager, M.; Ramthun, H.; Toussaint, F.] Deutsch Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany. [Moine, M-P.; Valcke, S.] CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. RP Lawrence, BN (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. EM b.n.lawrence@reading.ac.uk RI Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; OI Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Ramthun, Hans/0000-0002-1777-9132; Lawrence, Bryan/0000-0001-9262-7860 FU EU [211753]; NSF [0513635, 0513762]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; UK Natural Environment Research Council; NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program; NOAA Global Interoperabilty Program FX Metafor was funded by the EU 7th Framework Programme as an e-infrastructure (project# 211753). The Curator project was supported by NSF Grants 0513635, 0513762 and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. Additional support was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council national capability funding for NCAS, the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program and the NOAA Global Interoperabilty Program. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1493 EP 1500 DI 10.5194/gmd-5-1493-2012 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 059HW UT WOS:000312696000010 ER PT J AU Valcke, S Balaji, V Craig, A DeLuca, C Dunlap, R Ford, RW Jacob, R Larson, J O'Kuinghttons, R Riley, GD Vertenstein, M AF Valcke, S. Balaji, V. Craig, A. DeLuca, C. Dunlap, R. Ford, R. W. Jacob, R. Larson, J. O'Kuinghttons, R. Riley, G. D. Vertenstein, M. TI Coupling technologies for Earth System Modelling SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; FRAMEWORK; TOOLKIT AB This paper presents a review of the software currently used in climate modelling in general and in CMIP5 in particular to couple the numerical codes representing the different components of the Earth System. The coupling technologies presented show common features, such as the ability to communicate and regrid data, and also offer different functions and implementations. Design characteristics of the different approaches are discussed as well as future challenges arising from the increasing complexity of scientific problems and computing platforms. C1 [Valcke, S.] CERFACS, Sci Univers CERFACS, URA1875, F-31057 Toulouse 01, France. [Balaji, V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Craig, A.; Vertenstein, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [DeLuca, C.; O'Kuinghttons, R.] NOAA, CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Dunlap, R.] Georgia Tech, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ford, R. W.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Jacob, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Larson, J.] Australian Natl Univ, Inst Math Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Riley, G. D.] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Valcke, S (reprint author), CERFACS, Sci Univers CERFACS, URA1875, 42 Av G Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse 01, France. EM valcke@cerfacs.fr FU EU FP7 IS-ENES project [228203]; CNRS-INSU FX This paper is based on the outcome of the Workshop on "Coupling Technologies for Earth System Modelling: Today and Tomorrow" (Valcke and Dunlap, 2011) organised in CERFACS in 2010. We would like to thank all participants who took actively part in the discussions and the EU FP7 IS-ENES project (Contract GA No: 228203) for financial support.; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1596 DI 10.5194/gmd-5-1589-2012 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 059HW UT WOS:000312696000016 ER PT S AU Zimmer, P McGraw, JT Zirzow, DC Cramer, C Lykke, K Woodward, JT AF Zimmer, Peter McGraw, John T. Zirzow, Daniel C. Cramer, Claire Lykke, Keith Woodward, John T. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI New Instruments to Calibrate Atmospheric Transmission SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Photometry; standard stars; atmospheric transmission; lidar; calibration ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; ABSOLUTE FLUX; VEGA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; PHOTOMETRY; ACCURACY AB Changing atmospheric transmission accounts for the largest systematic errors limiting photometric measurement precision and accuracy for ground-based telescopes. While considerable resources have been devoted to correcting the effects of the atmosphere on image resolution, the effects on precision photometry have largely been ignored. To correct for the transmission of the atmosphere requires direct measurements of the wavelength-dependent transmission in the same direction and time that the supported photometric telescope is acquiring its data. We describe a multi-wavelength lidar, the Facility Lidar for Astronomical Measurement of Extinction (FLAME) that observes the stable upper stratosphere, and the Astronomical Extinction Spectrophotometer (AESoP), a spectrophotometer that creates and maintains NIST absolute standard stars. The combination of these two instruments enables high photometric precision of both the stellar spectra and atmospheric transmission. The throughput of both FLAME and AESoP are calibrated to NIST radiometric standards. This inexpensive and replicable instrument suite provides the lidar-determined monochromatic transmission of Earth's atmosphere at visible and near-infrared wavelengths to better than 0.25% per airmass and the wavelength-dependent transparency to better than 1% uncertainty per minute. These atmospheric data are merged to create a metadata stream that allows throughput corrections from data acquired at the time of the scientific observations to be applied to broadband and spectrophotometric scientific data. This new technique replaces the classical use of nightly mean atmospheric extinction coefficients, which invoke a stationary and plane-parallel atmosphere and ultimately limit ground-based all-sky photometry to 1% - 2% precision. C1 [Zimmer, Peter; McGraw, John T.; Zirzow, Daniel C.] Univ New Mexico, MSC 07-4220,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cramer, Claire; Lykke, Keith; Woodward, John T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmer, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, MSC 07-4220,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM zimm@as.unm.edu FU NIST [60NANB9D9121]; NSF [AST- 1009878] FX This research is supported by NIST Award 60NANB9D9121 and NSF Grant AST- 1009878. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 84441L DI 10.1117/12.926609 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100053 ER PT S AU Cerutti, B Werner, GR Uzdensky, DA Begelman, MC AF Cerutti, B. Werner, G. R. Uzdensky, D. A. Begelman, M. C. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Rapid High-Energy Emission Variability in Relativistic Pair Plasma Reconnection SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max-Planck-Inst Nucl Phys (MPIK), Springer Verlag, ISEG, W-IE-NE-R GmbH DE acceleration of particles; galaxies: active; Crab Nebula; magnetic reconnection; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY FLARES; CRAB-NEBULA; ACCELERATION; WIND AB We report on the first study of energetic particles and radiation angular distributions generated in relativistic collisionless pair plasma reconnection, using 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We have discovered that the energetic particles are focused within a small solid angle, and bunched into compact regions inside magnetic islands. In addition, we find that the synchrotron radiation emitted by these particles, as seen by an external observer, is tightly beamed and variable on time scales much shorter than the light-crossing time of the system. This energy dependent "kinetic beaming" differs fundamentally from the achromatic Doppler beaming usually ascribed to relativistic jets. Our findings can account for the puzzling discoveries of bright, short flares seen in high-energy gamma rays, especially from the Crab Nebula and from blazars. C1 [Cerutti, B.; Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, UCB 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, UCB 391, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cerutti, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, UCB 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X FU National Science Foundation; NSF [PHY-0903851, AST-0907872]; NASA [NNX09AG02G] FX This research was supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation, by NSF grant PHY-0903851, NSF grant AST-0907872 and NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX09AG02G. Numerical simulations were performed with the VORPAL framework on the local CIPS computer cluster Verus and on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences ( www. nics. tennessee. edu/). We acknowledge the contributors to VORPAL: www. txcorp. com/ products/ VORPAL/ user_ documentation/ 5.2_ docs/ release_ install/ README. html. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1123-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1505 BP 631 EP 634 DI 10.1063/1.4772339 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB83 UT WOS:000312503500126 ER PT S AU King, SW Antonelli, GA Stan, G Cook, RF Sooryakumar, R AF King, Sean W. Antonelli, George A. Stan, Gheorghe Cook, Robert F. Sooryakumar, R. BE Postek, MT Coleman, VA Orji, NG TI Advances in Metrology for the Determination of Young's Modulus for low-k Dielectric Thin Films SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors VI CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Young's Modulus; low-k dielectric; Brillouin Light Scattering; AFM ID ENHANCED CHEMICAL-VAPOR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTANT MATERIALS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; TECHNOLOGY; MICROSCOPY AB As the semiconductor nano-electronics industry progresses toward incorporating increasingly lower dielectric constant materials as the inter layer dielectric (ILD) in Cu interconnect structures, thermo-mechanical reliability is becoming an increasing concern due to the inherent fragility of these materials. Therefore, the need for metrologies to assess the mechanical properties and elastic constants of low-k dielectric materials is great. Unfortunately, traditional techniques such as nano-indentation are being increasingly challenged as target low-k ILD thicknesses decrease below 100 nm for sub 16 nm technologies. In this light, we demonstrate the applicability of two new techniques, Brillouin Light Scattering and Contact Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy, for the determination of Young's modulus for low-k dielectric thin films. We show that these techniques yield values that are in agreement with standard nano-indentation measurements and are capable at film thickness on the order of 100 nm or less. C1 [King, Sean W.; Antonelli, George A.] Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, 5200 NE Elam Young Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sooryakumar, R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP King, SW (reprint author), Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, 5200 NE Elam Young Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. EM sean.king@intel.com FU Institute for Materials Research at The Ohio State University; Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) [2012-IN-2296] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Institute for Materials Research at The Ohio State University and the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) under contract 2012-IN-2296. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9183-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8466 AR 84660A DI 10.1117/12.930482 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDE68 UT WOS:000312962300009 ER PT S AU Qin, J Zhou, H Barnes, BM Goasmat, F Dixson, R Silver, RM AF Qin, Jing Zhou, Hui Barnes, Bryan M. Goasmat, Francois Dixson, Ronald Silver, Richard M. BE Postek, MT Coleman, VA Orji, NG TI Multiple-order Imaging for Optical Critical Dimension Metrology using Microscope Characterization SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors VI CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical metrology; electromagnetic simulation; frequency domain tool normalization; multiple frequency scattering; evaluate sensitivities and uncertainties; phase sensitive measurements AB There has been much recent work in developing advanced optical metrology applications that use imaging optics for optical critical dimension (OCD) measurements, defect detection, and for potential use with in-die metrology applications. We have previously reported quantitative measurements for sub-50 nm CD dense arrays which scatter only the 0th-order specular diffraction component using angle-resolved scatterfield microscopy. Through angle-resolved and focus-resolved imaging, we now measure OCD targets with three-dimensional scattered fields that contain multiple Fourier frequencies. Experimental sensitivity to nanometer scale linewidth changes is presented, supported by simulation studies. A new, more advanced approach to tool normalization is coupled with rigorous electromagnetic simulations and library based regression fitting that potentially enables OCD measurements with sub-nanometer uncertainties for targets that scatter multiple Fourier frequencies. C1 [Qin, Jing; Zhou, Hui; Barnes, Bryan M.; Goasmat, Francois; Dixson, Ronald; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Qin, J (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jing.qin@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9183-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8466 AR 84660G DI 10.1117/12.946120 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDE68 UT WOS:000312962300013 ER PT J AU Stewart, JS Hazen, EL Foley, DG Bograd, SJ Gilly, WF AF Stewart, J. S. Hazen, E. L. Foley, D. G. Bograd, S. J. Gilly, W. F. TI Marine predator migration during range expansion: Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas in the northern California Current System SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE California Current System; Jumbo squid; Range expansion; Satellite tagging; Swimming velocity ID HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; STATE-SPACE MODELS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; JUMBO SQUID; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; IMPROVING LIGHT; GEOLOCATION; OCEAN AB Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas have undergone a major range expansion in the northern California Current System (CCS) during the last decade. These squid are thought to migrate annually from Mexican waters into the CCS where they prey on many species, including several that support lucrative fisheries; however, swimming capabilities and features of long-distance horizontal migrations are not well understood. In the present study, adult Humboldt squid were tagged off central California with pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags (n = 5). All squid ex hibited diel vertical migrations and swam south or offshore (west) during tag deployment (2.7 to 17.6 d). One squid swam south at least 34 km d(-1) for >17 d and crossed into Mexican waters, which is the highest sustained velocity and the longest horizontal migration observed thus far for Humboldt squid. Results from a simple model to estimate the daily locations and velocities of each squid throughout the deployments suggest an average velocity of similar to 37 km d(-1) and a maximum of similar to 50 km d(-1). Additionally, the model suggests that one squid made a bidirectional movement (first north and then returning south) that was not evident from deployment and pop-up positions alone. This study provides insight into Humboldt squid migratory capabilities that are relevant to seasonal migrations and episodic range expansions, both of which are crucial to future inter actions of this species with ecosystems and fisheries. C1 [Stewart, J. S.; Gilly, W. F.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NOAA, NMFS SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Res Div, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, E. L.; Foley, D. G.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stewart, JS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM jules32@stanford.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU California Department of Fish [SC-009763]; California Sea Grant; California Ocean Protection Council [R/OPCFISH-06]; National Science Foundation [OCE 0850839] FX We thank our colleagues who helped with tagging and recovery operations: J. Field, K. Baltz, A. Booth, I. Wilson, and M. Paull. We also thank A. Booth, R. deLemos and R. Mendelssohn for programming help and D. Staaf, L. Zeidberg, P. Daniel, H. Bailey, S. Jorgensen and 3 anonymous reviewers for technical support and comments on the manuscript. The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary allowed use of several research vessels and the captains and crews provided outstanding operational support. Pathfinder SST was provided courtesy of NOAA's National Oceanographic Data Center and the University of Miami. Geostationary SST data were provided courtesy of NOAA NESDIS | OSDPD. MODIS SST data were provided courtesy of NASA vertical bar GSFC vertical bar Ocean Biology Products Group. AMSR-E SST data were provided courtesy of Remote Sensing Systems, Inc. (Santa Rosa, CA). This work was conducted under the California Department of Fish and Game permit SC-009763 to J. S. S. and supported by grants from California Sea Grant and California Ocean Protection Council (R/OPCFISH-06) and the National Science Foundation (OCE 0850839). NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 53 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 471 BP 135 EP 150 DI 10.3354/meps10022 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 060MP UT WOS:000312782700012 ER PT J AU Skinner, JP Burkanov, VN Andrews, RD AF Skinner, John P. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Andrews, Russel D. TI Influence of environment, morphology, and instrument size on lactating northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus foraging behavior on the Lovushki Islands, Russia SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pinniped; Diving behavior; Device effects; Lunar; Biotelemetry; Tags ID LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; AEROBIC DIVE LIMIT; DIVING BEHAVIOR; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; ATTENDANCE BEHAVIOR; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; TIME; ENERGETICS; LOCATIONS; RESPONSES AB Food limitation may be one of the causes of declines in northern fur seal populations on the Pribilof Islands. This hypothesis could be tested by comparing foraging behavior from decreasing Pribilof fur seal populations and an increasing population, such as on the Lovushki Islands, Russia, but factors other than prey availability that differ between sites may also influence behavior. Therefore, we evaluated such factors, including lunar cycle, weather, seal body size, and size of recording instruments, by studying 41 lactating northern fur seals on Lovushki Island over 4 summer breeding seasons using instrument packages of various sizes. With greater moonlight, seals increased foraging trip duration, dive depth, dive duration, and time spent on the bottom of dives but decreased descent rate and diving bout duration. Larger females made shorter shore visits, spent a greater proportion of time at sea diving, and had longer dive bouts than smaller females. Tags with larger frontal surface areas and higher drag caused seals to dive longer and to descend and ascend faster during dives but did not affect foraging trip durations or mass change rates. Seals, therefore, appeared capable of compensating for instrument effects on the scale of individual dives. Although lactating seals from Lovushki Island appeared to spend less foraging effort than seals from the Pribilofs, future studies should control for methodological factors and local environmental conditions before concluding whether food limitation could explain differences in population trajectories. C1 [Skinner, John P.; Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Skinner, JP (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM johns@alaskasealife.org FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Marine Mammal Laboratory; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting FX We thank K. Abernathy, D. Webb, V. Aderholt, A. V Altukhov, R. V. Belobrov, V. A. Burkanova, N. N. Kutrukhin, D. Calkins, D. Holley, E. G. Mamaev, Y. Mitani, S. N. Norberg, D. S. Pasenyuk, P. A. Permyakov, S. Y. Purtov, O. V. Savenko, S. N. Sergeev, T. S. Shulezhko, A. A. Sychenko, A. V. Tret'yakov, and J. N. Waite. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration via grants to the Alaska SeaLife Center and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, with additional funding and logistical support from North Pacific Wildlife Consulting. This work was authorized by the Alaska SeaLife Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conducted under permits from the following Russian permitting agencies: the Sakhalin Department of the Federal Fisheries Agency of Russia (Sakhalinrybvod), the Federal Veterinary and Agricultural Control Service (Rosselkhoznadzor, Sakhalin Region), and the Sakhalin-Kuril Territorial Department of the Federal Committee of Fisheries of Russia (Goskomrybolovstvo). NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 471 BP 293 EP 308 DI 10.3354/meps10038 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 060MP UT WOS:000312782700023 ER PT J AU Duffield, J Neher, C Allen, S Patterson, D Gentner, B AF Duffield, John Neher, Chris Allen, Stewart Patterson, David Gentner, Brad TI Modeling the Behavior of Marlin Anglers in the Western Pacific SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North-American-Association-of-Fisheries-Economists (NAAFE) Forum on Economics of Conflict and Co-Existence in an Increasingly Crowded Ocean CY MAY 11-13, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP N Amer Assoc Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res (JIMAR), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA), Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr DE Marlin; angler behavior; Hawaii; choice-based conjoint analysis; choice experiment; willingness-to-pay ID CONJOINT-ANALYSIS AB This article reports on an application of choice experiment methods to anglers targeting blue marlin and other pelagic species in Hawaii. Data was collected through the Hawaii Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistical Survey in 2006. Based on 480 completed surveys, respondents were dominantly male (94.2%), Asian (51.6%), had relatively high incomes ($79,816), and 59.6% owned boats. Profit orientation included fishing for profit, expense fishing, Holoholo (purely recreational), Kaukau (subsistence fishing), and trophy fishing. Multinomial logit models were estimated and parameters on trip cost, marlin catch, ahi weight, the summer season, and a nonconsumptive attribute, seeing marlin, were all highly significant and of the expected sign. Part-worth willingness to pay (WTP) for catching a blue marlin was estimated at $521 for the charter group and $276 for those on private boat trips. Marginal value per pound for ahi is similar for both groups, $0.96/pound for charter and $0.92 for private boat. C1 [Duffield, John; Neher, Chris; Patterson, David] Univ Montana, Dept Math Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Allen, Stewart] NOAA, Human Dimens Res Program, Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Gentner, Brad] Gentner Consulting Grp, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RP Duffield, J (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Math Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM John.Duffield@mso.umt.edu; bioecon@montana.com; Stewart.Allen@noaa.gov; DAPatterson@mso.umt.edu; brad@gentnergroup.com NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 343 EP 357 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 064QR UT WOS:000313091000005 ER PT S AU Cramer, CE Brown, SW Lykke, KR Woodward, JT Bailey, S Schlegel, DJ Bolton, AS Brownstein, J Doherty, PE Stubbs, CW Vaz, A Szentgyorgyi, A AF Cramer, Claire E. Brown, Steven W. Lykke, Keith R. Woodward, John T. Bailey, Stephen Schlegel, David J. Bolton, Adam S. Brownstein, Joel Doherty, Peter E. Stubbs, Christopher W. Vaz, Amali Szentgyorgyi, Andrew BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Prieto, E TI Tunable Laser Techniques for Improving the Precision of Observational Astronomy SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE-AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space-and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE tunable lasers; photometry; spectroscopy; calibration; wavelength calibration; psf characterization; echelle spectrograph; sky subtraction ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; UNIFORM SOURCES; LIGHT CURVES; NIST; FACILITY AB Improving the precision of observational astronomy requires not only new telescopes and instrumentation, but also advances in observing protocols, calibrations and data analysis. The Laser Applications Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland has been applying advances in detector metrology and tunable laser calibrations to problems in astronomy since 2007. Using similar measurement techniques, we have addressed a number of seemingly disparate issues: precision flux calibration for broad-band imaging, precision wavelength calibration for high-resolution spectroscopy, and precision PSF mapping for fiber spectrographs of any resolution. In each case, we rely on robust, commercially-available laboratory technology that is readily adapted to use at an observatory. In this paper, we give an overview of these techniques. C1 [Cramer, Claire E.; Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.; Woodward, John T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bailey, Stephen; Schlegel, David J.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Bolton, Adam S.; Brownstein, Joel] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Doherty, Peter E.; Stubbs, Christopher W.; Vaz, Amali] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Szentgyorgyi, Andrew] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Cramer, CE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claire.cramer@nist.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9151-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8450 AR 84500S DI 10.1117/12.925198 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDB07 UT WOS:000312415800026 ER PT S AU McGraw, JT Zimmer, PC Zirzow, DC Woodward, JT Lykke, KR Cramer, CE Deustua, SE Hines, DC AF McGraw, John T. Zimmer, Peter C. Zirzow, Daniel C. Woodward, John T. Lykke, Keith R. Cramer, Claire E. Deustua, Susana E. Hines, Dean C. BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Prieto, E TI Near-field calibration of an objective spectrophotometer to NIST radiometric standards for the creation and maintenance of standard stars for ground- and space-based applications SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE-AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space-and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE atmospheric transmission; astronomical extinction; standard stars; lidar; spectrophotometry; radiometry; stellar calibration; absolute calibration ID VEGA; FLUX AB NIST-calibrated detectors will be used by the ground-based 100mm diameter Astronomical Extinction Spectrophotometer (AESoP) to calibrate the spectral energy distributions of bright stars to sub-1% per mm spectral resolution element accuracy. AESoP will produce about a hundred spectroradiometrically calibrated stars for use by ground- and space-based sensors. This will require accurate and near-continuous NIST calibration of AESoP, an equatorially mounted objective spectrophotometer operating over the wavelength range 350nm - 1050nm using a CCD detector. To provide continuous NIST calibration of AESoP in the field a near-identical, removable 100mm diameter transfer standard telescope (CAL) is mounted physically parallel to AESoP. The CAL transfer standard is calibrated by NIST end-to-end, wavelength-by-wavelength at mm spectral resolution. In the field, CAL is used in a near-field configuration to calibrate AESoP. Between AESoP science observations, AESoP and CAL simultaneously observe clear sub-apertures of a 400mm diameter calibration collimator. Monochromatic light measured simultaneously by AESoP and CAL is dispersed by the objective grating onto the AESoP pixels measuring the same wavelength of starlight, thus calibrating both wavelength and instrumental throughput, and simultaneously onto a unique low-noise CAL detector providing the required throughput measurement. System sensitivity variations are measured by vertically translating the AESoP/CAL pair so that CAL can observe the AESoP sub-aperture. Details of this system fundamental to the calibration of the spectral energy distributions of stars are discussed and its operation is described. System performance will be demonstrated, and a plan of action to extend these techniques firstly into the near infrared, then to fainter stars will be described. C1 [McGraw, John T.; Zimmer, Peter C.; Zirzow, Daniel C.; Hines, Dean C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Woodward, John T.; Lykke, Keith R.; Cramer, Claire E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deustua, Susana E.; Hines, Dean C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP McGraw, JT (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jmcgraw@as.umn.edu FU NIST [60NANB9D9121]; NSF [AST- 1009878] FX Research and development of this project at UNM is funded by NIST Award 60NANB9D9121 and NSF Grant AST- 1009878. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9151-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8450 AR 84501S DI 10.1117/12.927296 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDB07 UT WOS:000312415800058 ER PT S AU Osterman, S Ycas, GG Diddams, SA Quinlan, F Mahadevan, S Ramsey, L Bender, CF Terrien, R Botzer, B Sigurddson, S Redman, SL AF Osterman, Steve Ycas, Gabriel G. Diddams, Scott A. Quinlan, Franklyn Mahadevan, Suvrath Ramsey, Lawrence Bender, Chad F. Terrien, Ryan Botzer, Brandon Sigurddson, Steinn Redman, Stephen L. BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Prieto, E TI A near infrared frequency comb for Y plus J band astronomical spectroscopy SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE-AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space-and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Laser frequency comb; near infrared; radial velocity; spectroscopy; instrumentation; modal noise ID RADIAL-VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMPS; OPTICAL FREQUENCIES; NOBEL LECTURE; PRECISION; CALIBRATION; SPECTROGRAPHS; SPECTRUM; NM; STARS AB Radial velocity (RV) surveys supported by high precision wavelength references (notably ThAr lamps and 12 cells) have successfully identified hundreds of exoplanets; however, as the search for exoplanets moves to cooler, lower mass stars, the optimum wave band for observation for these objects moves into the near infrared (NIR) and new wavelength standards are required. To address this need we are following up our successful deployment of an H band(1.45-1.7 mu m) laser frequency comb based wavelength reference with a comb working in the Y and J bands (0.98-1.3 mu m). This comb will be optimized for use with a 50,000 resolution NIR spectrograph such as the Penn State Habitable Zone Planet Finder. We present design and performance details of the current Y+J band comb. C1 [Osterman, Steve] Univ Colorado, CASA, 1255 38th St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ycas, Gabriel G.; Diddams, Scott A.; Quinlan, Franklyn] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. [Ramsey, Lawrence; Bender, Chad F.; Terrien, Ryan; Botzer, Brandon; Sigurddson, Steinn; Redman, Stephen L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO USA. [Terrien, Ryan; Botzer, Brandon; Sigurddson, Steinn; Redman, Stephen L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron, Pennsylvania, PA USA. RP Osterman, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CASA, 1255 38th St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.osterman@colorado.edu RI Bender, Chad/D-4719-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU NIST; NASA [NNX09AB34G]; NSF [AST- 0906034, AST- 1006676, AST- 0907732, AST- 1126413]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium FX Research presented in this paper was supported by NIST, from NASA through the NAI and Origins grant NNX09AB34G, and from the NSF grants AST- 0906034, AST- 1006676, AST- 0907732, and AST- 1126413. This work was partially supported by funding from the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, which in turn is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9151-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8450 AR 84501I DI 10.1117/12.926868 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDB07 UT WOS:000312415800050 ER PT S AU Williams, EH Davydov, AV Oleshko, VP Lin, NJ Steffens, KL Manocchi, AK Krylyuk, S Rao, MV Schreifels, JA AF Williams, Elissa H. Davydov, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Lin, Nancy J. Steffens, Kristen L. Manocchi, Amy K. Krylyuk, Sergiy Rao, Mulpuri V. Schreifels, John A. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS TI Biofunctionalization of Si nanowires using a solution based technique SO NANOEPITAXY: MATERIALS AND DEVICES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Materials and Devices IV CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Silicon; nanowires; functionalization; protein; biosensor ID LABEL-FREE; IMMOBILIZATION; STREPTAVIDIN; MONOLAYERS; SURFACE; GROWTH; OXIDE AB Here we present a solution based functionalization technique for streptavidin (SA) protein conjugation to silicon nanowires (Si NWs). Si NWs, with a diameter of 110 nm to 130 nm and a length of 5 mu m to 10 mu m, were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by biotin for the selective attachment of SA. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the Si NWs were conformally coated with 20 nm to 30 nm thick APTES, biotin, and SA layers upon functionalization. Successful attachment of each bio/organic layer was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy also demonstrated that there was an undesirable non-specific binding of the SA protein as well as a control protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), to the APTES-coated Si NWs. However, inhibition of BSA binding and enhancement of SA binding were achieved following the biotinylation step. The biofunctionalized Si NWs show potential as label-free biosensing platforms for the specific and selective detection of biomolecules. C1 [Williams, Elissa H.; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Lin, Nancy J.; Steffens, Kristen L.; Krylyuk, Sergiy] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Schreifels, John A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Manocchi, Amy K.] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy] Univ Maryland, EIREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Williams, EH (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ehwill@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS- 0901712]; NIST [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814]; U. S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX The authors are appreciative of the helpful discussions with Dr. Marlon L. Walker ( Material Measurement Laboratory, NIST) and Dr. Rebecca A. Zangmeister ( Material Measurement Laboratory, NIST) as well as the assistance of Dr. Anthony G. Birdwell ( Sensors and Electronic Devices Directorate, Army Research Laboratory). EHW, MVR, and JAS gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation ( Grant # ECCS- 0901712). VPO gratefully acknowledges the financial support from NIST under contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814. AKM was supported by a contractual appointment to the U. S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9184-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8467 AR 846702 DI 10.1117/12.970460 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000312962700001 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Piola, AR Perez, RC Garzoli, SL AF Meinen, C. S. Piola, A. R. Perez, R. C. Garzoli, S. L. TI Deep Western Boundary Current transport variability in the South Atlantic: preliminary results from a pilot array at 34.5 degrees S SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL HEAT-TRANSPORT; BRAZIL-MALVINAS CONFLUENCE; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GEOSTROPHIC VELOCITY; GULF-STREAM; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; WATER; ALTIMETRY AB The first direct estimates of the temporal variability of the absolute transport in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 34.5 degrees S in the South Atlantic Ocean are obtained using just under one year of data from a line of four pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders. Hydrographic sections collected in 2009 and 2010 confirm, based on neutral density, temperature, salinity, and oxygen values, the presence of the DWBC, one of the main deep pathways of the Meridional Overturning Circulation. Both data sets indicate that the DWBC reconstitutes itself after breaking into eddies in the western sub-tropical Atlantic near 8 degrees S. The amplitude and spectral character of the DWBC transport variability are comparable with those observed in the North Atlantic, where longer records exist, with the DWBC at 34.5 degrees S exhibiting a transport standard deviation of 25 Sv and variations of similar to 40 Sv occurring within periods as short as a few days. There is little indication of an annual cycle in the DWBC transports, although the observational records are too short to be definitive. A Monte Carlo-style analysis using 27 yr of model output from the same location as the observations indicates that about 48-60 months of data will be required to fully assess the deep transport variability. The model suggests the presence of an annual cycle in DWBC transport, however its statistical significance with even 27 yr of model output is low, suggesting that seasonal variations in the model are weak. C1 [Meinen, C. S.; Perez, R. C.; Garzoli, S. L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Piola, A. R.] Serv Hidrog Naval, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Piola, A. R.] Univ Buenos Aires, UMI IFAECI CONICET CNRS, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Perez, R. C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM christopher.meinen@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Piola, Alberto/O-2280-2013 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Piola, Alberto/0000-0002-5003-8926 FU Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research [CRN2076]; US National Science Foundation [GEO-0452325]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors would like to express their great appreciation to the crews and officers of the Argentine and Brazilian vessels who have supported this program to date, on board the Brazilian naval research vessel N. H. Cruzeiro do Sul and the Argentine research vessel A. R. A. Puerto Deseado (CONICET). Also, our sincere thanks to the scientific participants who have collected the PIES/CPIES data during the cruises: Rigoberto Garcia, Ulises Rivero, Pedro Pena, and Aldo Firpo. And our thanks to those who have helped coordinate these challenging international cruise collaborations, especially Ariel Troisi and Raul Guerrero in Argentina and Edmo Campos in Brazil. The two hydrographic sections presented herein were collected with support from the Argentine Servicio de Hidrografia Naval, the University of Buenos Aires, and the US NOAA. Finally, many thanks to the generous researchers who provided us with the OFES model output, especially Yoshikazu Sasai at JAMSTEC, and Ricardo Matano at OSU. Rick Lumpkin, Claudia Schmid and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for improving this manuscript, and their help is gratefully acknowledged. ARP acknowledges the support of grant CRN2076 from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, which is supported by the US National Science Foundation (GEO-0452325). CSM, RCP and SLG also acknowledge support from the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1054 DI 10.5194/os-8-1041-2012 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 059IT UT WOS:000312698600008 ER PT S AU Paik, DH Perkins, TT AF Paik, D. Hern Perkins, Thomas T. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Force spectroscopy of DNA: there is still a lot to learn SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation IX CY AUG 12-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Force spectroscopy; optical trap; DNA; single molecule; overstretching transition; DNA intercalation ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; OVERSTRETCHING TRANSITION; MECHANICAL STABILITY; STRETCHING DNA; MOLECULE; ELASTICITY; DYNAMICS; TENSION; THERMODYNAMICS AB Single-molecule studies of the mechanical properties of individual double-stranded DNA have excited interest across many scientific disciplines because of DNA's fundamental role in biology and DNA's remarkable overstretching transition at higher forces. Here, we discuss a recent result on the overstretching transition of DNA and on the dynamics of dye molecules intercalating into DNA under tension. Overstretching DNA is mechanical transition whereby DNA's extension increases by 70% at 65 pN. Notwithstanding more than a decade of experimental and theoretical studies, there remains significant debate on the nature of overstretched DNA. We developed a topologically closed but torsionally unconstrained DNA assay that contains no nicks or free ends. DNA in this assay exhibited the canonical overstretching transition at 65 pN but without hysteresis upon retraction. Controlled introduction of a nick led to hysteresis in the force extension curve. Moreover, the degree of hysteresis increased with the number of nicks. In the second study, we isolated the effects of binding and intercalation of a DNA staining dye, by combining single molecule force spectroscopy with simple buffer exchange. We showed that force-enhanced intercalation can occur from a reservoir of bound dye that was not bis-intercalated, yet remained out of equilibrium with free dye for long periods (>5 min for YOPRO and >2 hr for YOYO). Our work highlights that binding/unbinding and intercalation/de-intercalation are distinct processes that can occur on very different time scales. Taken together, these works highlight ongoing discoveries based on a twenty year old technique, force spectroscopy of single DNA molecules. C1 [Paik, D. Hern; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Paik, DH (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9175-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8458 AR 845817 DI 10.1117/12.945812 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDF64 UT WOS:000313034500021 ER PT S AU Kuo, PS Pelc, JS Slattery, O Fejer, MM Tang, X AF Kuo, Paulina S. Pelc, Jason S. Slattery, Oliver Fejer, Martin M. Tang, Xiao BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Dual-channel, single-photon upconversion detector near 1300 nm SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging X CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum detectors; single photon; nonlinear optics; sum frequency generation ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; WAVELENGTH; TRANSDUCTION; EFFICIENCY AB Upconversion of 1.3-micron photons and detection using silicon avalanche photodiodes (Si APDs) can produce high photon detection efficiencies (PDEs) with low dark count rates. We demonstrate a novel two-channel device based on a phase-modulated, periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide that mixes 1302-nm signal photons with two pump beams at 1556 and 1571 nm. Both channels showed high PDEs with very low dark counts. Using wavelength-to time-division multiplexing in this dual-channel device, we produced clock rates that exceed the timing-jitter-limited rates of a system based on one Si APD. Higher clock rates are of interest for improved quantum communication systems. C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] NIST Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pelc, Jason S.; Fejer, Martin M.] Stanford Univ, E L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9235-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8518 AR 85180U DI 10.1117/12.946250 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDD78 UT WOS:000312871000019 ER PT S AU Slattery, O Kuo, P Kim, YS Ma, LJ Tang, X AF Slattery, Oliver Kuo, Paulina Kim, Yong-Su Ma, Lijun Tang, Xiao BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI SPDC Correlated Photon Source Filtered for Narrowed Bandwidth using Volume Bragg Grating SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging X CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Correlated photon pair generation; Volume Bragg grating; Up-conversion detector; up-conversion spectrometer AB A Volume Bragg Grating (VBG) can be used to efficiently extract a narrow bandwidth, highly collimated beam from an otherwise broad spectrum beam. We use a VBG to extract a narrow bandwidth of signal spectrum from a broadband Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion source to optimally match the narrow detection bandwidth of our idler up-conversion detector. Improved coincidence count rates and visibility can be achieved when limiting signal-spectrum detection to the narrow signal bandwidth whose photons are correlated with a narrow idler-spectrum bandwidth that has been selected by the up-conversion detector. We compare coincidence count rate and visibility for when the entire signal spectrum is detected and when the spectrum has been filtered by the VBG. We further relax the collection techniques and show that following the VBG, the coincidence count rate improves with minimal loss in visibility compared to when the entire spectrum is detected. We introduce our initial efforts at using the VBG to further narrow the signal spectrum by placing it inside a multipass cavity. Additionally, we further adapt the single photon level up-conversion spectrometer, previously developed for idler spectrum measurement, to indirectly measure the single photon level signal spectrum. We verify its capability for several different wavelength and linewidth selections. C1 [Slattery, Oliver; Kuo, Paulina; Kim, Yong-Su; Ma, Lijun; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slattery, O (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9235-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8518 AR 85180Y DI 10.1117/12.944223 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDD78 UT WOS:000312871000021 ER PT S AU Cygan, A Lisak, D Wojtewicz, S Domyslawska, J Hodges, JT Trawinski, RS Ciurylo, R AF Cygan, A. Lisak, D. Wojtewicz, S. Domyslawska, J. Hodges, J. T. Trawinski, R. S. Ciurylo, R. GP IOP TI Demonstration of the extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and advanced O-2 B-band line shape analysis in the PDH-locked FS-CRDS experiment SO XXI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES (ICSLS 2012) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes (ICSLS) CY JUN 03-09, 2012 CL St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Dynasty Fdn, Russian Fdn Basic Res HO St Petersburg State Univ ID SPECTRAL-LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; DOPPLER; AR; PARAMETERS; N-2; CO; CONSTANTS AB We demonstrate an extremely high signal-to-noise ratio of 220000 : 1 obtained by the long-term spectra co-adding and averaging in the Pound-Drever-Hall-locked frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down experiment. The connection of this laser spectroscopy technique with the careful line-shape analysis revealed very subtle line-shape asymmetry of the R7 Q8 O-16(2) rovibronic B-band transition probed at pressure 933 Pa. This asymmetry could be ascribed to the speed dependence of the collisional shift, as will be shown. Reduction of the minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 2 x 10(-10) cm(-1) by an order of magnitude, according to the 1/root N dependence, shifted the bottom limit of measured line intensities toward values as low as 1.3 x 10(-30) cm(-1)/(molecule cm(-2)). The demonstrated measurement precision enabled the quantification of systematic line-shape deviations, which were approximately 1 part in 80000 of the peak absorption. The influence of slowly drifting etaloning effects on the accuracy of the line-shape analysis is discussed. C1 [Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.; Wojtewicz, S.; Domyslawska, J.; Trawinski, R. S.; Ciurylo, R.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cygan, A (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM agata@fizyka.umk.pl RI Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Trawinski, Ryszard /G-3523-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Domyslawska, Jolanta/H-7167-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015 FU Polish National Science Centre [DEC- 2011/ 01/ B/ ST2/ 00491]; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project-EU European Regional Development; Polish NCN [N N202 2392 40] FX The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Toru ' in, Poland, and is supported by the Polish National Science Centre, Project No. DEC- 2011/ 01/ B/ ST2/ 00491. The research was also supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co- financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund. A. Cygan is supported by the Polish NCN, Project No. N N202 2392 40. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 397 AR 012046 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/397/1/012046 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDC16 UT WOS:000312548700046 ER PT J AU Jargon, JA Williams, DF Wallis, TM LeGolvan, DX Hale, PD AF Jargon, Jeffrey A. Williams, Dylan F. Wallis, T. Mitch LeGolvan, Denis X. Hale, Paul D. GP IEEE TI Establishing Traceability of an Electronic Calibration Unit Using the NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework SO 2012 79TH ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 79th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG) CY JUN 22, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, MTT-S, ARFTG DE Electronic calibration unit; traceability; uncertainty; vector network analyzer ID NETWORK-ANALYZER CALIBRATION AB We present a method for establishing traceability of a commercial electronic calibration unit for vector network analyzers by characterizing the scattering parameters of its internal states with repeated multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibrations and utilizing the NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework to propagate uncertainties. With the electronic calibration unit characterized, we use it to calibrate a network analyzer, and characterize a number of verification devices with corresponding uncertainties. We also characterize the same verification devices using one of the previous multiline TRL calibrations, and compare results. C1 [Jargon, Jeffrey A.; Williams, Dylan F.; Wallis, T. Mitch; LeGolvan, Denis X.; Hale, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jargon, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,M-S 815-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jargon@boulder.nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1230-1 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDB76 UT WOS:000312499100007 ER PT S AU Lipe, TE Kinard, JR Tang, YH Filipski, PS AF Lipe, Thomas E. Kinard, Joseph R. Tang, Yi-hua Filipski, Piotr S. GP IEEE TI An International Intercomparison of Quantum-Based AC Voltage Standards SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 13-16, 2012 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Austria Sect, TU Graz, Virtual Vehicle Competence Ctr, Obuda Univ, European Acad Sci & Arts, Austrian Acad Sci, Int Soc Petr Engineers, Drilling Syst Automat Tech Sect, Arbeitskreis Hochschullehrer Messtechnik e.V. (AHMT), Joanneum Res, Austrian Ctr Competence Mechatron (ACCM), Platform Artemis Austria DE AC-DC Difference; Interlaboratory Comparison; Josephson Voltage Standard; Voltage Measurement ID MULTIJUNCTION THERMAL CONVERTERS; DC TRANSFER-STANDARD AB We report the results of a comparison of quantum-based AC Josephson Voltage Standards (ACJVS) between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the National Research Council, Canada (NRC), using a thermal transfer standard as the traveling standard. Excellent agreement was obtained between NIST and NRC from measurements on the lowest voltage ranges of the thermal transfer standard, indicating that the two ACJVS systems are consistent. This work confirms that the use of the ACJVS as a reference for ac voltage measurements is viable, and these systems can form the basis for ac voltage metrology in the future. This intercomparison was performed as part of SIM Bilateral Comparison SIM. EM-S11, AC-DC Voltage Transfer Difference at Low Voltages using an AC Josephson Voltage Standard. C1 [Lipe, Thomas E.; Kinard, Joseph R.; Tang, Yi-hua] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filipski, Piotr S.] Inst Nat Measurement Stand, Natl Res Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.lipe@nist.gov; Peter.Filipski@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4577-1771-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2012 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCA46 UT WOS:000309449100021 ER PT S AU Kinard, J Laug, O Waltrip, B Lipe, T AF Kinard, Joseph Laug, Owen Waltrip, Bryan Lipe, Thomas GP IEEE TI Characterization of AC-DC Transfer Shunts up to 100 A at 100 kHz Using Two-Stage, Amplifier-Aided Current Transformers SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 13-16, 2012 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Austria Sect, TU Graz, Virtual Vehicle Competence Ctr, Obuda Univ, European Acad Sci & Arts, Austrian Acad Sci, Int Soc Petr Engineers, Drilling Syst Automat Tech Sect, Arbeitskreis Hochschullehrer Messtechnik e.V. (AHMT), Joanneum Res, Austrian Ctr Competence Mechatron (ACCM), Platform Artemis Austria DE Shunt; AC-DC; Transfer; Current; Transformer AB We describe the construction of two-stage, amplifier-aided current transformers (CTs) and their use to characterize AC-DC transfer shunts up to 100 A at 100 kHz Tests show that the frequency coefficients of the CTs have small changes with current level. This level independence of the frequency coefficients for the CTs is used to characterize the frequency coefficients of the shunts up to 100 A and out to 100 kHz in terms of measurements at 20 A. C1 [Kinard, Joseph; Laug, Owen; Waltrip, Bryan; Lipe, Thomas] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kinard, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.kinard@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4577-1771-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2012 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCA46 UT WOS:000309449100023 ER PT J AU Thomas, JL Dibb, JE Stutz, J von Glasow, R Brooks, S Huey, LG Lefer, B AF Thomas, J. L. Dibb, J. E. Stutz, J. von Glasow, R. Brooks, S. Huey, L. G. Lefer, B. TI Overview of the 2007 and 2008 campaigns conducted as part of the Greenland Summit Halogen-HOx Experiment (GSHOX) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC BRO COLUMNS; PEROXY-RADICALS; MODELING CHEMISTRY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SNOW; OXIDATION; HYDROXYL; IMPACTS; AIR; NOX AB From 10 May through 17 June 2007 and 6 June through 9 July 2008 intensive sampling campaigns at Summit, Greenland confirmed that active bromine chemistry is occurring in and above the snow pack at the highest part of the Greenland ice sheet (72 degrees 36' N, 38 degrees 25' W and 3.2 km above sea level). Direct measurements found BrO and soluble gas phase Br- mixing ratios in the low pptv range on many days (maxima < 10 pptv). Conversion of up to 200 pg m(-3) of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) to reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and enhanced OH relative to HO2 plus RO2 confirm that active bromine chemistry is impacting chemical cycles even at such low abundances of reactive bromine species. However, it does not appear that Br-y chemistry can fully account for observed perturbations to HOx partitioning, suggesting unknown additional chemical processes may be important in this unique environment, or that our understanding of coupled NOx-HOx-Br-y chemistry above sunlit polar snow is incomplete. Rapid transport from the north Atlantic marine boundary layer occasionally caused enhanced BrO at Summit (just two such events observed during the 12 weeks of sampling over the two seasons). In general observed reactive bromine was linked to activation of bromide (Br-) in, and release of reactive bromine from, the snowpack. A coupled snow-atmosphere model simulated observed NO and BrO at Summit during a three day interval when winds were weak. The source of Br- in surface and near surface snow at Summit is not entirely clear, but concentrations were observed to increase when stronger vertical mixing brought free tropospheric air to the surface. Reactive Br-y mixing ratios above the snow often increased in the day or two following increases in snow concentration, but this response was not consistent. On seasonal time scales concentrations of Br- in snow and reactive bromine in the air were directly related. C1 [Thomas, J. L.; Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Thomas, J. L.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR8190, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [von Glasow, R.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Brooks, S.] NOAA ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Lefer, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Thomas, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jennie.thomas@latmos.ipsl.fr; jack.dibb@unh.edu RI Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; von Glasow, Roland/E-2125-2011 OI von Glasow, Roland/0000-0002-3944-2784 FU NSF GEO ATM tropospheric chemistry program; CNRS-INSU FX The research described herein was financially supported by the NSF GEO ATM tropospheric chemistry program, with logistical support from NSF OPP ARSL through their contractor CPS. The assistance from CPS field staff was outstanding and is greatly appreciated. Heavy airlift by the NY ANG was essential to field our large group, and to sustain the operation of the Summit station. We are grateful that the Greenland Home Rule Government and the Danish Polar Center granted us permission to work at Summit.; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 22 BP 10833 EP 10839 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10833-2012 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055JG UT WOS:000312411300014 ER PT J AU Blomquist, BW Fairall, CW Huebert, BJ Wilson, ST AF Blomquist, B. W. Fairall, C. W. Huebert, B. J. Wilson, S. T. TI Direct measurement of the oceanic carbon monoxide flux by eddy correlation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-OUTPUT SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GAS-EXCHANGE; SARGASSO SEA; AIR; SEAWATER; METHANE; CONSUMPTION AB This report presents results from a field trial of ship-based air-sea flux measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) by direct eddy correlation with an infrared-laser trace gas analyzer. The analyzer utilizes Off-Axis Integrated-Cavity-Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) to achieve high selectivity for CO, rapid response (similar to 2 Hz) and low noise. Over a two-day sea trial, peak daytime seawater CO concentrations were similar to 1.5 nM and wind speeds were consistently 10-12 m s(-1). A clear diel cycle in CO flux with an early afternoon maximum was observed. An analysis of flux error suggests the effects of non-stationarity are important, and air-sea CO flux measurements are best performed in regions remote from continental pollution sources. C1 [Blomquist, B. W.; Huebert, B. J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wilson, S. T.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Microbial Oceanog Res & Educ, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Blomquist, BW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM blomquis@hawaii.edu FU NSF [AGS-1036062]; NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NSF grant AGS-1036062 and NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division. We are also grateful for the support of the officers and crew of the University of Hawaii R/V Kilo Moana and Craig Nosse and Matt Church of the HOT program. The authors further acknowledge Ian Faloona for helpful comments and suggestions during preparation of this manuscript. We are grateful to Doug Baer and Robert Provencal of LGR for providing the CO analyzer used in this work. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 12 BP 3069 EP 3075 DI 10.5194/amt-5-3069-2012 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WS UT WOS:000312666200007 ER PT J AU Laborde, M Schnaiter, M Linke, C Saathoff, H Naumann, KH Mohler, O Berlenz, S Wagner, U Taylor, JW Liu, D Flynn, M Allan, JD Coe, H Heimerl, K Dahlkotter, F Weinzierl, B Wollny, AG Zanatta, M Cozic, J Laj, P Hitzenberger, R Schwarz, JP Gysel, M AF Laborde, M. Schnaiter, M. Linke, C. Saathoff, H. Naumann, K. -H. Moehler, O. Berlenz, S. Wagner, U. Taylor, J. W. Liu, D. Flynn, M. Allan, J. D. Coe, H. Heimerl, K. Dahlkoetter, F. Weinzierl, B. Wollny, A. G. Zanatta, M. Cozic, J. Laj, P. Hitzenberger, R. Schwarz, J. P. Gysel, M. TI Single Particle Soot Photometer intercomparison at the AIDA chamber SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ALPHA-PINENE; CARBON; AEROSOLS; CALIBRATION; DEPENDENCE; OZONOLYSIS; STATE AB Soot particles, consisting of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), inorganic salts, and trace elements, are emitted into the atmosphere during incomplete combustion. Accurate measurements of atmospheric BC are important as BC particles cause adverse health effects and impact the climate. Unfortunately, the accurate measurement of the properties and mass concentrations of BC particles remains difficult. The Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) can contribute to improving this situation by measuring the mass of refractory BC in individual particles as well as its mixing state. Here, the results of the first detailed SP2 intercomparison, involving 6 SP2s from 6 different research groups, are presented, including the most evolved data products that can presently be calculated from SP2 measurements. It was shown that a detection efficiency of almost 100% down to 1 fg BC per particle can readily be achieved, and that this limit can be pushed down to similar to 0.2 fg BC with optimal SP2 setup. Number and mass size distributions of BC cores agreed within +/- 5% and +/- 10 %, respectively, in between the SP2s, with larger deviations in the range below 1 fg BC. The accuracy of the SP2's mass concentration measurement depends on the calibration material chosen. The SP2 has previously been shown to be equally sensitive to fullerene soot and ambient BC from sources where fossil fuel was dominant and less sensitive to fullerene soot than to Aquadag. Fullerene soot was therefore chosen as the standard calibration material by the SP2 user community; however, many data sets rely solely on Aquadag calibration measurements. The difference in SP2 sensitivity was found to be almost equal (fullerene soot to Aquadag response ratio of similar to 0.75 at 8.9 fg BC) for all SP2s. This allows the calculation of a fullerene soot equivalent calibration curve from a measured Aquadag calibration, when no fullerene soot calibration is available. It could be shown that this approach works well for all SP2s over the mass range of 1-10 fg. This range is suitable for typical BC mass size distributions in the ambient air far from sources. The number size distribution of purely scattering particles optically measured by the 6 SP2s also agreed within 15%. Measurements of the thickness of non-refractory coatings (i.e. product from alpha-pinene ozonolysis) on the BC particles, relying on BC mass optical size and on an additional particle position measurement, also compared well (within +/- 17%). The estimated coating thickness values were consistent with thermo-optical analysis of OC and elemental carbon (EC) content, though absolutely accurate values cannot be expected given all the assumptions that have to be made regarding refractive index, particle morphology, etc. This study showed that the SP2 provides accurate and reproducible data, but also that high data quality is only achieved if the SP2 is carefully tuned and calibrated. It has to be noted that the agreement observed here does not account for additional variability in output data that could result from the differences in the potentially subjective assumptions made by different SP2 users in the data processing. C1 [Laborde, M.; Gysel, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Schnaiter, M.; Linke, C.; Saathoff, H.; Naumann, K. -H.; Moehler, O.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Berlenz, S.; Wagner, U.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kolbenmaschinen, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Taylor, J. W.; Liu, D.; Flynn, M.; Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Allan, J. D.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Heimerl, K.; Dahlkoetter, F.; Weinzierl, B.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Wollny, A. G.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. [Zanatta, M.; Cozic, J.; Laj, P.] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Hitzenberger, R.] Univ Vienna, Fak Phys, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Schwarz, J. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gysel, M (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM martin.gysel@psi.ch RI Liu, Dantong/E-6668-2017; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Schnaiter, Martin/A-2370-2013; Naumann, Karl-Heinz/J-9304-2012; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gysel, Martin/C-3843-2008; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Weinzierl, Bernadett/G-5319-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Taylor, Jonathan/0000-0002-2120-186X; Liu, Dantong/0000-0002-3879-2280; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Gysel, Martin/0000-0002-7453-1264; Weinzierl, Bernadett/0000-0003-4555-5686; FU EU; Swiss National Science Foundation; German Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP-1294 HALO, PO 1013/2-2]; Helmholtz Association [VH-NG-606]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H008136/1]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [MO 668/1-2]; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) [STUB 2011] FX Funding was received from the EU through EUROCHAMP-2 program and the Swiss National Science Foundation. A. W. and the MPIC Mainz acknowledge funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG, SPP-1294 HALO, PO 1013/2-2). We thank E. Traxler (University of Vienna) for analyzing the filters with the Sunset analyzer. B. W. and DLR Oberpfaffenhofen acknowledge funding by the Helmholtz Association under grant number VH-NG-606 (Helmholtz-University Young Investigators Group AerCARE). The University of Manchester would like to acknowledge support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council through the MC4 project [Grant ref: NE/H008136/1]. O. M. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, SPP1294 HALO project MO 668/1-2) received to operate the AIDA facility for instrument intercomparison. Setup and operation of the mobile diesel engine at the AIDA facility was funded by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) startup funds (STUB 2011). NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 50 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 12 BP 3077 EP 3097 DI 10.5194/amt-5-3077-2012 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WS UT WOS:000312666200008 ER PT J AU Harding, BL Wood, AW Prairie, JR AF Harding, B. L. Wood, A. W. Prairie, J. R. TI The implications of climate change scenario selection for future streamflow projection in the Upper Colorado River Basin SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL-SCALE HYDROLOGY; WATER-RESOURCES; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; CHANGE IMPACTS; MODEL OUTPUTS; VIC-2L MODEL; AVAILABILITY; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA AB The impact of projected 21st century climate conditions on streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin was estimated using a multi-model ensemble approach wherein the downscaled outputs of 112 future climate projections from 16 global climate models (GCMs) were used to drive a macroscale hydrology model. By the middle of the century, the impacts on streamflow range, over the entire ensemble, from a decrease of approximately 30% to an increase of approximately the same magnitude. Although prior studies and associated media coverage have focused heavily on the likelihood of a drier future for the Colorado River Basin, approximately 25 to 35% of the ensemble of runs, by 2099 and 2039, respectively, result in no change or increases in streamflow. The broad range of projected impacts is primarily the result of uncertainty in projections of future precipitation, and a relatively small part of the variability of precipitation across the projections can be attributed to the effect of emissions pathways. The simulated evolution of future temperature is strongly influenced by emissions, but temperature has a smaller influence than precipitation on flow. Period change statistics (i.e., the change in flow from one 30-yr period to another) vary as much within a model ensemble as between models and emissions pathways. Even by the end of the current century, the variability across the projections is much greater than changes in the ensemble mean. The relatively large ensemble analysis described herein provides perspective on earlier studies that have used fewer scenarios, and suggests that impact analyses relying on one or a few climate scenarios are unacceptably influenced by the choice of projections. C1 [Harding, B. L.] AMEC Environm & Infrastruct, Boulder, CO 80239 USA. [Wood, A. W.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Prairie, J. R.] Bur Reclamat, Boulder, CO USA. RP Harding, BL (reprint author), AMEC Environm & Infrastruct, Boulder, CO 80239 USA. EM ben.harding@amec.com FU Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231.3TIER] FX This work was primarily funded by Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region. The climate change daily forcing datasets were produced and contributed by co-author Wood using resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.3TIER, Inc. (www.3tier.com) is also acknowledged for accommodating part of A. W. Wood's effort during his employment at 3TIER. AMEC is acknowledged for accommodating part of B. L. Harding's effort. We thank Ken Nowak for assistance related to sampling the projection ensembles. We also thank two reviewers and our editor for their insightful suggestions. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 11 BP 3989 EP 4007 DI 10.5194/hess-16-3989-2012 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 043AL UT WOS:000311514600005 ER PT J AU Kuester, DG Novotny, DR Guerrieri, JR AF Kuester, Daniel G. Novotny, David R. Guerrieri, Jeffrey R. TI Baseband Signals and Power in Load-Modulated Digital Backscatter SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Binary phase shift keying; Amplitude shift keying; Backscatter; Baseband; Frequency modulation; Radiofrequency identification; radio frequency identification (RFID); Electromagnetic scattering; modulation; radio communication ID UHF AB Passive digital backscatter signals in systems like radio frequency identification (RFID) are usually received along with strong interference from a leaked carrier. The simplest way to quantify the "useful" communication signal is to separate it as an amplitude-shift keying (ASK) or biphase-shift keying (BPSK) component. These definitions give different power normalizations, posing some complexity in comparison of link quantities. This letter investigates their suitability in terms of basic signal theory and conservation of energy to clarify relationships between the baseband signals and "backscattered power." Defining received backscatter as BPSK guarantees energy conservation for arbitrary tag modulation loads. C1 [Kuester, Daniel G.; Novotny, David R.; Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kuester, DG (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dkuester@nist.gov; david.novotny@nist.gov; jeffrey.guerrieri@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate's Office of Standards; NIST [HSHQDC-09-X-00305] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate's Office of Standards cosponsored with NIST under Contract HSHQDC-09-X-00305. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 11 BP 1374 EP 1377 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2228460 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 056IU UT WOS:000312482400001 ER PT S AU Burke, J Griesmann, U AF Burke, Jan Griesmann, Ulf BE Schmit, J Creath, K Towers, CE Burke, J TI Calibrating the sag due to gravity of horizontal interferometer reference flat SO INTERFEROMETRY XVI: TECHNIQUES AND ANALYSIS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry XVI - Techniques and Analysis CY AUG 13-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical interferometry; Reference fla calibration; Sag ID SHIFTING FIZEAU INTERFEROMETER; OPTICAL FLAT; 3-FLAT TEST; MIRROR AB We describe a method for measuring the deflectio due to gravity (sag) of horizontally mounted reference flat of phase shifting interferometers. The planarity of a test fla can be measured sag-free while supporting it iso-statically on a suitable visco-elastic polymer foam. A sag map is obtained when the sag-free flatnes error is subtracted from the flatnes error of the same fla held at its edge. C1 [Burke, Jan] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Orgainzat, Australian Ctr Precis Opt, Bradfiel Rd, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Burke, Jan] BIAS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Griesmann, Ulf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burke, J (reprint author), Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Orgainzat, Australian Ctr Precis Opt, Bradfiel Rd, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. EM burke@bias.de; ulf.griesmann@nist.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9210-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8493 AR 84930F DI 10.1117/12.929968 PG 9 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BCZ60 UT WOS:000312212400015 ER PT S AU Soons, JA Griesmann, U AF Soons, Johannes A. Griesmann, Ulf BE Schmit, J Creath, K Towers, CE Burke, J TI Absolute interferometric tests of spherical surfaces based on rotational and translational shears SO INTERFEROMETRY XVI: TECHNIQUES AND ANALYSIS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry XVI - Techniques and Analysis CY AUG 13-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Interferometer; calibration; transmission sphere; stitching ID WAVE-FRONT; RECONSTRUCTION; INTERFEROGRAMS AB Traceability of interferometric form measurements requires characterization of the reference wavefront. We investigate absolute tests for spherical surfaces where the form errors of both reference and test surface are estimated by minimizing the difference in measurements obtained at various positions and orientations of the test surface. This approach yields an estimate for the test surface errors without changing experimental settings, such as cavity length, that may affect the apparent reference errors. The method requires at least one translation of the test surface in the field of view and one rotation. Additional measurements provide redundancies to improve and characterize measurement uncertainties. The errors of the reference and test surface are estimated with pixel-level spatial resolution without assuming an underlying error model, such as a representation based on Zernike polynomials. The estimation algorithm consists of an iterative sequence of stitching steps, with the role of reference and test surface reversed for each step. Measurement uncertainties are evaluated using Monte-Carlo procedures and analysis of residual errors for experiments with redundant measurements. Key sources of measurement uncertainty are spatially correlated measurement errors resulting from errors in test surface location, image distortion, and environmental effects. Experimental results are presented comparing the method to a random ball test. C1 [Soons, Johannes A.; Griesmann, Ulf] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soons, JA (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM soons@nist.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9210-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8493 AR 84930G DI 10.1117/12.930030 PG 12 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BCZ60 UT WOS:000312212400016 ER PT J AU Kugaonkar, R Gangopadhyay, A Yesha, Y Joshi, A Yesha, Y Grasso, MA Brady, M Rishe, N AF Kugaonkar, Rohit Gangopadhyay, Aryya Yesha, Yelena Joshi, Anupam Yesha, Yaacov Grasso, Michael A. Brady, Mary Rishe, Napthali GP ACM TI Finding Associations among SNPs for Prostate Cancer using Collaborative Filtering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM SIXTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DATA AND TEXT MINING IN BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ACM International Workshop on Data and Text Mining in Biomedical Informatics (DTMBIO) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Assoc Comp Machinery Special Interest Grp Informat Retrieval, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGWEB DE Prostate cancer; SNP; SNP association; Collaborative filtering; tag SNPs AB Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among men. Because of the slow growing nature of prostate cancer, sometimes surgical treatment is not required for less aggressive cancers. Recent debates over prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening have drawn new attention to prostate cancer. Genome-based screening can potentially help in assessing the risk of developing prostate cancer. Due to the complicated nature of prostate cancer, studying the entire genome is essential to find genomic traits. Due to the high cost of studying all Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), it is essential to find tag SNPs which can represent other SNPs. Earlier methods to find tag SNPs using associations between SNPs either use SNP's location information or are based on data of very few SNP markers in each sample. Our study is based on 2300 samples with 550,000 SNPs each. We have not used SNP location information or any predefined standard cut-offs to find tag SNPs. Our approach is based on using collaborative filtering methods to find pairwise associations among SNPs and thus list top-N tag SNPs. We have found 25 tag SNPs which have highest similarities to other SNPs. In addition we found 16 more SNPs which have high correlation with the known high risk SNPs that are associated with prostate cancer. We used some of these newly found SNPs with 5 different classification algorithms and observed some improvement in prostate cancer prediction accuracy over using the original known high risk SNPs. C1 [Kugaonkar, Rohit; Gangopadhyay, Aryya; Yesha, Yelena; Joshi, Anupam; Yesha, Yaacov] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Grasso, Michael A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 20742 USA. [Brady, Mary] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rishe, Napthali] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Kugaonkar, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM rohitku1@umbc.edu; gangopad@umbc.edu; yeyesha@cs.umbc.edu; joshi@cs.umbc.edu; yayesha@cs.umbc.edu; mgrasso@umem.org; mary.brady@nist.gov; rishen@cis.fiu.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-1716-0 PY 2012 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BDC46 UT WOS:000312600600009 ER PT S AU de Koning, CA Millward, G Pizzo, VJ Biesecker, DA AF de Koning, C. A. Millward, G. Pizzo, V. J. Biesecker, D. A. BE Hu, Q Li, G Zank, GP Ao, X Verkhoglyadova, O Adams, JH TI Problems Encountered When Characterizing CMEs in an Operational Setting SO SPACE WEATHER: THE SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE coronal mass ejection; CME; cone model; space weather ID MISSION; MASS AB On 2011-10-01, WSA-Enlil became the first operational numerical space weather prediction model to be used by the United States National Weather Service. One of the primary purposes of this heliospheric model is to provide advance warning of geomagnetic storms from Earth-directed CMEs; such a forecast requires an accurate characterization of a CME. Almost a decade of published literature had suggested that the single viewpoint, flat-fronted cone model of Xie et al. [1] could supply the quantitative and consistent characterization of CMEs necessary for operational space weather forecasting. However, early in the transition-to-operations process, it became clear that this basic cone model is fundamentally flawed as an operational forecasting tool. We will describe the problems associated with this model, focusing in particular on the problems that arise because an unrealistic model shape is used to describe CME morphology. One of the consequences of the shape mismatch is that the flat-fronted cone model underestimates the speed of a CME. C1 [de Koning, C. A.; Millward, G.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Koning, C. A.; Millward, G.; Pizzo, V. J.; Biesecker, D. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP de Koning, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1114-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1500 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1063/1.4768739 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDB00 UT WOS:000312410500003 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS Volkmer, H AF Cohl, Howard S. Volkmer, Hans TI Definite Integrals using Orthogonality and Integral Transforms SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE definite integrals; associated Legendre functions; Bessel functions; Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind AB We obtain definite integrals for products of associated Legendre functions with Bessel functions, associated Legendre functions, and Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind using orthogonality and integral transforms. C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Volkmer, Hans] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov; volkmer@uwm.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2012 VL 8 AR 077 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2012.077 PG 10 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 054VS UT WOS:000312373600001 ER PT J AU Liu, CW Singhal, A Wijesekera, D AF Liu, Changwei Singhal, Anoop Wijesekera, Duminda GP IEEE TI Using Attack Graphs in Forensic Examinations SO 2012 SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY (ARES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES) CY AUG 20-24, 2012 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Soc ICT Knowledge Transfer, Secure DE attack graph; forensic analysis; anti-forensics; anti-forensics vulnerability database AB Attack graphs are used to compute potential attack paths from a system configuration and known vulnerabilities of a system. Attack graphs can be used to eliminate known vulnerability sequences that can be eliminated to make attacks difficult and help forensic examiners in identifying many potential attack paths. After an attack happens, forensic analysis, including linking evidence with attacks, helps further understand and refine the attack scenario that was launched. Given that there are anti-forensic tools that can obfuscate, minimize or eliminate attack footprints, forensic analysis becomes harder. As a solution, we propose to apply attack graph to forensic analysis. We do so by including anti-forensic capabilities into attack graphs, so that the missing evidence can be explained by using longer attack paths that erase potential evidence. We show this capability in an explicit case study involving a database attack. C1 [Liu, Changwei; Wijesekera, Duminda] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, CW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM cliu6@gmu.edu; anoop.singhal@nist.gov; dwijesek@gmu.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-4775-6 PY 2012 BP 596 EP 603 DI 10.1109/ARES.2012.58 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCX66 UT WOS:000311858100078 ER PT S AU Marvel, JA Franaszek, M Wilson, JL Hong, T AF Marvel, J. A. Franaszek, M. Wilson, J. L. Hong, T. BE Tescher, AG TI Performance Evaluation of Consumer-Grade 3D Sensors for Static 6DOF Pose Estimation Systems SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXV CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Computer vision for robotics and automation; range sensing; directional surface fitting AB Low-cost 3D depth and range sensors are steadily becoming more widely available and affordable, and thus popular for robotics enthusiasts. As basic research tools, however, their accuracy and performance are relatively unknown. In this paper, we describe a framework for performance evaluation and measurement error analysis for 6 degrees of freedom pose estimation systems using traceable ground truth instruments. Characterizing sensor drift and variance, and quantifying range, spatial and angular accuracy, our framework focuses on artifact surface fitting and static pose analysis, reporting testing and environmental conditions in compliance with the upcoming ASTM E57.02 standard. C1 [Marvel, J. A.; Franaszek, M.; Hong, T.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilson, J. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Marvel, JA (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.marvel@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9216-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8499 AR 849905 DI 10.1117/12.929752 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCZ51 UT WOS:000312200600004 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Fernandez, ER Mathis, JT Miller, JA Stinson, CM Ahgeak, EF AF Hurst, Thomas P. Fernandez, Elena R. Mathis, Jeremy T. Miller, Jessica A. Stinson, Charlotte M. Ahgeak, Ernestine F. TI Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ocean acidification; Hypercapnia; Growth rate; Consumption; Otolith; Temperature ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; TROPICAL MARINE FISH; PACIFIC COD; ENVIRONMENTAL HYPERCAPNIA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 AB As atmospheric concentrations of CO2 rise, the pH of high-latitude oceans is predicted to decrease by 0.3 to 0.5 units by 2100. Several biological consequences of ocean acidification across this pH range have already been documented in invertebrates and tropical marine fishes. However, little work has been done examining potential responses of the temperate and boreal marine fish species that support major fisheries. In 2 experiments, we examined the growth responses of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma at ambient and 3 elevated CO2 levels. In a short-term experiment with yearlings, CO2 treatment had no significant effect on growth or condition after 6 wk of rearing. Elevated CO2 levels (> 450 mu atm) increased the rate of otolith deposition, but did not affect otolith elemental composition. In a second experiment, growth in length of sub-yearlings over 12 wk at 8 degrees C was 7.2% faster in the 2 higher CO2 treatments (> 1200 mu atm) than in the lower CO2 treatments (< 900 mu atm). Growth of sub-yearlings measured during 11 subsequent weeks of rearing at 2.5 degrees C did not differ among CO2 treatments. There was no effect of CO2 treatment on condition factor following either phase of the experiment. Sub-yearling consumption rates were not directly affected by CO2 treatment, confirming that growth at elevated CO2 levels is not maintained through compensatory feeding. While not exhaustive of potential interactive environmental factors, these experiments demonstrate a general resiliency of growth energetics in juvenile walleye pollock to the direct effects of CO2 changes predicted for the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea in the next century. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Hatfield, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fernandez, Elena R.; Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Hatfield, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 FU Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program; Rasmuson Foundation; Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center; National Science Foundation [OCE-1004947] FX M. Spencer and S. Haines assisted with fish collections. M. Ottmar, W. Clerf, C. Danley, S. Haines, and C. Magel assisted with maintenance of experimental fish. C. Magel assisted with system maintenance and CO2 monitoring throughout the experiments. C. Ryer, P. McElhaney, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. Some of this work was completed in partial fulfillment of E.R.F.'s M.S. thesis at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks. This project was funded by a grant from the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center to J.T.M. and grants to T.P.H. from NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program. E.R.F. was supported with a graduate re search fellowship from the Rasmuson Foundation and a Markham Award from Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center. C.M.S. and E.F.A. were supported by a National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates internship under award OCE-1004947 to the Hatfield Marine Science Center. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 78 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2012 VL 17 IS 3 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.3354/ab00483 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053CO UT WOS:000312247800005 ER PT S AU Battles, D Lambeck, R Albinana, AP Wu, XQ Cao, CY Bauch, H Montagner, F AF Battles, Douglas Lambeck, Robert Albinana, Abelardo Perez Wu, Xiangqian Cao, Changyong Bauch, Helmut Montagner, Francois BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI The Evolution of the Performance of the AVHRR, HIRS and AMSU-A Instruments on board MetOp-A after over Five Years in Orbit SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Satellites; Weather; Instruments AB It is well known that the varying geometrical relationships between the Sun and the Earth throughout the year affect to some degree the performance of the instruments onboard Earth orbiting satellites. Following the commissioning of MetOp-A, EUMETSAT and NOAA have continued monitoring the long term trends in in-orbit performance of AVHRR, HIRS and AMSU-A. The data acquired since the launch of the satellite has allowed studying how the yearly seasonal variations, as well as aging, have affected the instrument performance. This paper presents the evolution of the performance of the AVHRR, HIRS and AMSU-A for more than five years since the launch of the MetOp-A satellite. C1 [Battles, Douglas] HE Space Operat Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Lambeck, Robert] MEI Technol Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Albinana, Abelardo Perez] European Space Agcy ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Wu, Xiangqian; Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Bauch, Helmut] VEGA Space GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. [Montagner, Francois] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Battles, D (reprint author), HE Space Operat Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 85110P DI 10.1117/12.929133 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000021 ER PT S AU Meirer, F Demenev, E Giubertoni, D Gennaro, S Vanzetti, L Pepponi, G Bersani, M Sahiner, MA Steinhauser, G Foad, MA Woicik, JC Mehta, A Pianetta, P AF Meirer, F. Demenev, E. Giubertoni, D. Gennaro, S. Vanzetti, L. Pepponi, G. Bersani, M. Sahiner, M. A. Steinhauser, G. Foad, M. A. Woicik, J. C. Mehta, A. Pianetta, P. BE Pelaz, L Santos, I Duffy, R Torregrosa, F Bourdelle, K TI Formation Of Arsenic Rich Silicon Oxide Under Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation And Laser Annealing SO ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY 2012 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology (IIT) CY JUN 25-29, 2012 CL Valladolid, SPAIN SP Adv Ion Beam Technol, Inc, Appl Mat, Inc, ATMI, Axcelis Technologies, Inc, CORE Syst, Elmet Technologies, Inc, Evans Analyt Grp LLC, Excico, High Voltage Engn Europa B V, IBS, NISSIN Ion Equipement Co Ltd, Plansee-Electrograph, Praxair, Inc, Probion Anal, SemEquip, Inc/Ceradyne, SEN Corp DE Arsenic; Silicon; Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation; Laser Annealing; SIMS; EXAFS; XPS ID SHALLOW; SI AB Samples produced by plasma immersion ion implantation of Arsenic in Silicon using a non-pulsed plasma source and subsequent laser annealing were investigated with respect to As depth distribution, oxide thickness, and As local order using SIMS, XPS, INAA and EXAFS analysis. A surface layer (similar to 10 nm), was identified as an As-rich Si oxide formed after implantation. The thickness of this layer was found to be larger for samples annealed using a low thermal budget up to a threshold where probably melting occurred. Dopant depth profile was re-distributed whereas the final oxide film of these samples showed thicknesses of a few nm. The retained As dose exhibited an apparent drastic increase. A hypothesis for the processes involved is presented based on experimental evidence. C1 [Meirer, F.; Demenev, E.; Giubertoni, D.; Gennaro, S.; Vanzetti, L.; Pepponi, G.; Bersani, M.] Fdn Bruno Kessler, Ctr Mat & Microsyst, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. [Sahiner, M. A.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Steinhauser, G.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Atom, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. [Foad, M. A.] Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mehta, A.; Pianetta, P.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RP Meirer, F (reprint author), Fdn Bruno Kessler, Ctr Mat & Microsyst, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy. RI Steinhauser, Georg/O-7283-2014; Meirer, Florian/H-7642-2016; OI Steinhauser, Georg/0000-0002-6114-5890; Meirer, Florian/0000-0001-5581-5790; Giubertoni, Damiano/0000-0001-8197-8729; Pepponi, Giancarlo/0000-0002-7397-1946 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1496 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1063/1.4766520 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCZ36 UT WOS:000312160700043 ER PT J AU Rice, CA Duda, JJ Greene, CM Karr, JR AF Rice, Casimir A. Duda, Jeffrey J. Greene, Correigh M. Karr, James R. TI Geographic Patterns of Fishes and Jellyfish in Puget Sound Surface Waters SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; PELAGIC COELENTERATES; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; BERING-SEA; FOOD-WEB; ECOSYSTEM; CTENOPHORES; WASHINGTON AB We explored patterns of small pelagic fish assemblages and biomass of gelatinous zooplankton (jellyfish) in surface waters across four oceanographic subbasins of greater Puget Sound. Our study is the first to collect data documenting biomass of small pelagic fishes and jellyfish throughout Puget Sound; sampling was conducted opportunistically as part of a juvenile salmon survey of daytime monthly surface trawls at 52 sites during May-August 2003. Biomass composition differed spatially and temporally, but spatial differences were more distinct. Fish dominated in the two northern basins of Puget Sound, whereas jellyfish dominated in the two southern basins. Absolute and relative abundance of jellyfish, hatchery Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and chum salmon O. keta decreased with increasing latitude, whereas the absolute and relative abundance of most fish species and the average fish species richness increased with latitude. The abiotic factors with the strongest relationship to biomass composition were latitude, water clarity, and sampling date. Further study is needed to understand the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the taxonomic composition we observed in Puget Sound surface waters, especially as they relate to natural and anthropogenic influences. C1 [Rice, Casimir A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Karr, James R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rice, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM casimir.rice@noaa.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU Seattle City Light; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank the Environmental Conservation Division of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle) for providing research vessels and field staff, and we also thank the Western Fisheries Research Center (U.S. Geological Survey, Seattle) for providing field staff. Seattle City Light and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided supplemental funding. J. Purcell and T. Parsons gave helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript; R. Brodeur, B. Feist, P. Hershberger, P. Roni, T. Collier, C. Mills, F. Boero, A. Overton, and three anonymous reviewers provided thorough and constructive reviews. K. Kloehn helped create the map, and C. Stehr and W. Reichert assisted with the review process. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.680403 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400010 ER PT J AU Lombardi-Carlson, LA Cook, M Lyon, H Barnett, B Bullock, L AF Lombardi-Carlson, Linda A. Cook, Melissa Lyon, Hope Barnett, Beverly Bullock, Lew TI A Description of Age, Growth, and Reproductive Life History Traits of Scamps from the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID MYCTEROPERCA-PHENAX; OOCYTE GROWTH; FISHES; TELEOSTS; GROUPER; SIZE; HERMAPHRODITISM; SERRANIDAE; ATLANTIC; CRITERIA AB We present the first comprehensive description of the age, growth, and reproductive life history traits of scamps Mycteroperca phenax from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Scamps were collected from commercial and recreational vessels along the northern Gulf of Mexico in 1972-2002. Scamp age was determined using thin transverse sections of sagittal otoliths; growth increments were difficult to interpret, and age was estimated for only 85% of the 5,383 otolith sections we examined. Scamps sampled from the commercial and recreational fisheries ranged from 109 to 890 mm fork length (FL) and from 1 to 31 years of age. We fitted annual ages and observed FLs to two different von Bertalanffy growth models (standard and size-modified models). The size-modified model considered the effect of the size limit but resulted in growth parameters similar to those of the standard model (asymptotic length L-infinity = 772 mm FL; growth rate k = 0.09 mm/year). Histology confirmed that scamps are protogynous hermaphrodites; gonadosomatic index data indicated a prolonged spawning season (January-June, peaking in April). Females reached maturity at a median FL of 332 mm and a median age of 2 years. Scamp sizes sampled from the fisheries were similar for males (221-870 mm FL) and females (109-878 mm FL), but the larger size-classes and older age-classes were mostly composed of males. The scamp population in the northern Gulf of Mexico has never been assessed, and our data provide highly valuable model inputs. C1 [Lombardi-Carlson, Linda A.; Lyon, Hope; Barnett, Beverly] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Cook, Melissa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Bullock, Lew] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lombardi-Carlson, LA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM linda.lombardi@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce FX Our sincere gratitude is extended to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, for providing the data collected in the earliest years and to Mark Godcharles (National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office; retired) as the co-project investigator for that period. We also thank the reviewers and subject editor for their comments and advice. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 129 EP 144 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675965 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400011 ER PT J AU Bass, AL Giannico, GR Brooks, GT AF Bass, Arthur L. Giannico, Guillermo R. Brooks, Gabriel T. TI Performance of a Full-Duplex Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Antenna System in Estuarine Channels SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER-BASIN; FISH; TAG; MOVEMENTS AB Passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology is rarely utilized in estuaries due to (1) saline water's attenuation of an antenna's electromagnetic field, (2) rapidly changing water properties and levels, and (3) the challenges of installing and maintaining antennas in silty, brackish conditions. We present methods for the construction and installation of antennas that can detect 12-mm full-duplex PIT tags in salinities up to 3 parts per thousand. We evaluated their reading performance under variable water salinities, temperatures, and depths in the upper estuaries of three streams. We found that water depth, salinity, and temperature were all negatively correlated with antenna current, but that the relative importance of these variables varied depending upon aspects of the antenna deployment. Since our antennas held amperage levels adequate for maintenance of a complete electromagnetic field throughout all test conditions, we suggest that successful detection was more dependent upon the antenna system's coverage of the water column and the swimming path of fish through the antenna system than individual antenna performance. In addition to fish, this technology could be applied to studies of mammals, crustaceans, and particles transported through estuarine channels. C1 [Bass, Arthur L.; Giannico, Guillermo R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bass, Arthur L.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Brooks, Gabriel T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bass, AL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM arthurlb@ulrik.uio.no FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board [208-8004-5778] FX This project was funded by the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board research grant 208-8004-5778. The Coos Watershed Association performed initial fieldwork in Palouse and Larson creeks, and was very generous with field equipment and support. The following individuals performed invaluable fieldwork: Adam Weybright, Justin Arriola, Andrew McClary, John Winkowski, Dave Nelson, and Donald Danesi. Bruce Hansen and Chris Jordan provided support with antenna production and supplies. Thanks to Earl Prentice for advice on antenna design and to Daniel Leventhal for producing the illustrations depicted in Figure 1. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.676384 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400012 ER PT J AU Lake, TRT Ravana, KR Saunders, R AF Lake, Tara R. Trinko Ravana, Kyle R. Saunders, Rory TI Evaluating Changes in Diadromous Species Distributions and Habitat Accessibility following the Penobscot River Restoration Project SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ET-AL. 2005; DAM REMOVAL; AMERICAN SHAD; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; ANADROMOUS FISH; PACIFIC SALMON; ATLANTIC; STREAMS AB The Penobscot River basin, covering approximately 22,265 km(2), is the largest river wholly within Maine and the second largest river system in New England. The Penobscot River Restoration Project (PRRP) is a multimillion-dollar endeavor that aims to restore native sea-run fish through the removal of two main-stem dams and improved fish passage at a third dam on the Penobscot River. We used geographical information systems, accounts of historic ranges, and barrier survey data to estimate species-specific distributions and habitat accessibility for 11 diadromous species before and after the proposed restoration. We predict a range of outcomes in terms of expected distribution and accessibility that are largely based on habitat use and life history differences. For 4 out of 11 species (Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus, shortnose sturgeon A. brevirostrum, Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod, and striped bass Morone saxatillis), the PRRP is anticipated to provide access to 100% of their historic freshwater habitat. However, for alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, approximately 69% of the historic spawning and rearing habitat will remain inaccessible due to the presence of other passage barriers. Our results demonstrate that the PRRP is an important step toward ecosystem recovery in the Penobscot River basin but that other restoration activities will be needed to realize the full potential of the PRRP, particularly for alosines. Further, our results provide the first spatial analysis of diadromous fish distribution and access following the PRRP and serve as the baseline for developing a guiding image for expected diadromous fish population responses following the dam removals. C1 [Lake, Tara R. Trinko; Ravana, Kyle R.; Saunders, Rory] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Lake, TRT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA. EM tara.trinko@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 75 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675971 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400023 ER PT J AU O'Connor, MP Juanes, F McGarigal, K Gaurin, S AF O'Connor, Megan P. Juanes, Francis McGarigal, Kevin Gaurin, Steven TI Findings on American Shad and Striped Bass in the Hudson River Estuary: A Fish Community Study of the Long-Term Effects of Local Hydrology and Regional Climate Change SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; MORONE-SAXATILIS; WATER TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC COAST; VARIABILITY; MIGRATION; OSCILLATION; RECRUITMENT; DISCHARGE; PATTERNS AB It has been hypothesized that climate change is an underlying factor in determining fish abundances in the Hudson River estuary (HRE). To study the effects of hydrology and climate on the HRE fish community, we applied multivariate statistical methods to data on 20 species-life history stages collected from 1974 to 2005. We confirm that the HRE fish community has changed over this period. These changes are correlated with local hydrology (freshwater flow and water temperature) and regional climate (the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation [AMO] and North Atlantic Oscillation). We found that the abundances of striped bass Morone saxatilis larval stages are positively correlated with high freshwater flows and those of juvenile American shad Alosa sapidissima negatively correlated with the AMO or warmer sea surface temperatures. Our findings suggest that climate-related variability affects HRE juvenile shad abundances and that management strategies for this declining species should include the implications of climate change. C1 [O'Connor, Megan P.; Juanes, Francis; McGarigal, Kevin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gaurin, Steven] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP O'Connor, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM megan.oconnor@noaa.gov FU NOAA's NERR Graduate fellowship program; River Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program FX We would like to thank John Carnright from Dynegy for providing us with a copy of the 2005 Utilities' Year Class Report. We'd also like to thank John Young from ASA for the Poughkeepsie Water Treatment facility's daily water temperature data and for help understanding the fish abundance index calculation. Funding was provided through NOAA's NERR Graduate fellowship program and Hudson River Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program to MO'C. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675970 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400027 ER PT J AU Roy, EM Quattro, JM Greig, TW AF Roy, E. M. Quattro, J. M. Greig, T. W. TI Genetic Management of Black Sea Bass: Influence of Biogeographic Barriers on Population Structure SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA; LIFE-HISTORY; COALESCENT APPROACH; CAPE-HATTERAS; LARVAL FISH AB The black sea bass Centropristis striata is a commercially important perciform fish with a general distribution along the U.S. Atlantic coast from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Cape Canaveral, Florida, and in the Gulf of Mexico from Mobile Bay, Alabama, to Tampa Bay, Florida. Currently, black sea bass are managed as three separate stocks: one in the Gulf of Mexico and two along the U.S. Atlantic coast. Fish from the Gulf of Mexico represent a separate subspecies, C. striata melana. The Atlantic subspecies, C. striata striata, is divided into two management units (separated at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina) based on the hypothesis that this subspecies comprises two distinct populations exhibiting life history and morphometric differences. To further investigate this differentiation, we employed mitochondrial sequence data to test whether genetic differences are observed among the three managements units. The DNA sequence analysis revealed a significant amount of genetic variability partitioned among samples from the three management areas. Similar results were observed when the analyses were confined to the two Atlantic coast management units. These results support the designation of two distinct management units for black sea bass along the U.S. Atlantic coast. C1 [Roy, E. M.; Greig, T. W.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Quattro, J. M.; Greig, T. W.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Quattro, J. M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Sch Environm, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Greig, TW (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM thomas.greig@noaa.gov FU Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR); South Carolina Sea Grant [R/MT-5]; Marine Fisheries Initiative grant [NA07NMF4330118]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina) FX This work was supported by funding from the Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Ocean Service, Charleston, South Carolina); and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR). Additional support was provided by the South Carolina Sea Grant (grant number R/MT-5) and a Marine Fisheries Initiative grant (grant number NA07NMF4330118) awarded to J.M.Q. We thank Robert Chapman, Bert Ely, Nathanial Jue, Marcus Zokan, Rudee Inlet Charters (Virginia Beach, Virginia), and the SCDNR for assistance in sample collection. Kellee James, John Bemis, and Darren Wray provided technical assistance. Special thanks are extended to Mike Janech, Tony Harold, and Bill Roumillat for their comments and discussion. This manuscript was improved by the comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or an intent to express an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675983 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400032 ER PT J AU Roegner, GC McNatt, R Teel, DJ Bottom, DL AF Roegner, G. Curtis McNatt, Regan Teel, David J. Bottom, Daniel L. TI Distribution, Size, and Origin of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in Shallow-Water Habitats of the Lower Columbia River and Estuary, 2002-2007 SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FRASER-RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; OREGON; MIGRATION; RESIDENCY; SURVIVAL; BASIN AB We monitored fish assemblages monthly at estuarine and tidal freshwater sites in the lower Columbia River and estuary from January 2002 through September 2007 in order to identify specific salmon stocks and migration stages that may benefit from habitat restoration initiatives. We report landscape-scale and seasonal variation in abundance, size, hatchery production (based on adipose fin clips), and genetic stock of origin of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. From fish implanted with coded wire tags (CWTs), we also determined the sites of release and inferred migration patterns. Chinook salmon were found in diverse life history stages and forms, including fry migrants, fingerlings, and (fewer) yearlings. Abundance increased in February and decreased in August, but salmon were present in all months each year. Spatial gradients in abundance and size were strong, with fewer but larger fish in brackish than in tidal freshwater zones. Overall, 30% of the Chinook salmon measured were fry (<= 60 mm) that were likely naturally produced fish. These occurred at higher mean monthly proportions in tidal freshwater than in estuarine zones. In contrast, most larger fish were probably raised in hatcheries. Genetic stock assessment revealed that the majority of the Chinook salmon analyzed were from fall-run stock groups originating in the lower Columbia River, with 15% originating from other stock groups. Of these minority contributors, about 6% were identified as upper Columbia River summer-fall-run Chinook salmon while seven other stock groups accounted for the remainder, including 3% from transplants originating in southern Oregon's Rogue River. Recaptures of tagged fish revealed maximum migration times of 143 d for subyearlings and 52 d for yearlings, and both CWT and genetic data indicated that fall Chinook salmon from coastal rivers occasionally entered the estuary. These data demonstrated a widespread temporal and spatial distribution of subyearling Chinook salmon in shallow-water habitats of the lower Columbia River and estuary. C1 [Roegner, G. Curtis; McNatt, Regan; Teel, David J.; Bottom, Daniel L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Roegner, GC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM curtis.roegner@noaa.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the many beach seine survey participants, most notably P. Bentley, L. Campbell, S. Hinton, G. McCabe, and R. Nelson. Important contributions to the development of the study were made by P. Moran and T. Lundrigan, and D. Kuligowski processed the genetics data. We also thank S. Blankenship and S. Narum for providing unpublished baseline genetic data. The manuscript benefited from reviews by J. Butzerin, E. Dawley, R. Ledgerwood, and J. Scheurer. This research was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 450 EP 472 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675982 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400036 ER PT J AU Norton, SL Wiley, TR Carlson, JK Frick, AL Poulakis, GR Simpfendorfer, CA AF Norton, Shelley L. Wiley, Tonya R. Carlson, John K. Frick, Amanda L. Poulakis, Gregg R. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. TI Designating Critical Habitat for Juvenile Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish in the United States SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PRISTIS-PECTINATA; NURSERY AREAS; FLORIDA; CONSERVATION AB In 2003, the U.S. distinct population segment of smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata was listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). At that time, little was known about its habitat use patterns and, although required as part of the ESA, critical habitat could not be officially designated. Subsequently, studies were conducted that identified some of the specific habitats and environmental conditions important for the species. Facilitating recruitment into the adult population by protecting the species' nurseries was identified in the recovery plan as the key conservation objective, which would be supported by the designation of critical habitat. The location of nurseries was determined by applying published criteria developed for identifying elasmobranch nursery areas to a decade of encounter data. These largely nontraditional data were composed primarily of encounters voluntarily reported by the public to members of the recovery team. The nursery habitats essential to the conservation of the species were identified as those adjacent to red mangroves Rhizophora mangle and euryhaline habitats with water depths <= 0.9 m. Ultimately, two broad areas in southwest Florida that contain these habitats were designated as critical habitat for juvenile smalltooth sawfish: the Charlotte Harbor Estuary unit (896 km(2)) and the Ten Thousand Islands/ Everglades unit (2,505 km(2)). C1 [Carlson, John K.] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Norton, Shelley L.; Frick, Amanda L.] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Reg Off, Protected Resource Div, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Wiley, Tonya R.] Haven Worth Consulting, Houston, TX 77003 USA. [Poulakis, Gregg R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Charlotte Harbor Field Lab, Port Charlotte, FL 33954 USA. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov RI Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011; CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014 OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238; NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.676606 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400037 ER PT J AU Sturdevant, MV Orsi, JA Fergusson, EA AF Sturdevant, M. V. Orsi, J. A. Fergusson, E. A. TI Diets and Trophic Linkages of Epipelagic Fish Predators in Coastal Southeast Alaska during a Period of Warm and Cold Climate Years, 1997-2011 SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; MARINE WATERS; FORAGE FISH; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; GASTRIC EVACUATION; ABUNDANCE PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT AB This study identifies important trophic links for epipelagic marine fish predators in Southeast Alaska to improve understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics in response to climate change. Fish predators can be viewed as autonomous samplers whose diets should integrate the available prey taxa commensurate with environmental conditions. We examined fish predators from annual (1997-2011) surveys conducted in May to September by the Southeast Coastal Monitoring (SECM) project of Auke Bay Laboratories in the marine waters of Southeast Alaska. This project has emphasized long-term monitoring of strait and coastal marine habitats used by juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and associated epipelagic fishes to understand how environmental variation affects the sustainability of salmon resources. From 1,295 surface trawl hauls, trophic links were identified for 2,473 fish representing 19 predator species, principally adult and immature salmon, immature walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, and spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias. The most common fish prey consumed were fish larvae, juvenile salmon, Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, capelin Mallotus villosus, walleye pollock, lanternfishes (Myctophidae), and Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, whereas the most common invertebrate prey consumed were euphausiids, decapod larvae, pteropods, and amphipods. This study describes the degree of piscivory, incidence of juvenile salmon prey, and frequency and weight composition of prey in the diets of epipelagic fish predators, but it did not clearly detect an effect of warm-versus-cold climate years on the diets of key planktivorous or piscivorous predators over the 15-year time series. Identifying the persistence of trophic links in epipelagic waters over time is important because climate-related changes in the upper water column have the potential to impact Southeast Alaska marine ecosystem dynamics and the productivity of important regional fisheries by altering key prey resources and trophic interactions. C1 [Sturdevant, M. V.; Orsi, J. A.; Fergusson, E. A.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Sturdevant, MV (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM molly.sturdevant@noaa.gov NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 526 EP 545 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.694838 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400041 ER PT J AU Baremore, IE Hale, LF AF Baremore, Ivy E. Hale, Loraine F. TI Reproduction of the Sandbar Shark in the Western North Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS NARDO; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; GROWTH; BIOLOGY; AGE; POPULATION; BAY; NURSERY; SIZE; CHONDRICHTHYES AB The reproductive parameters of 1,194 sandbar sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus (701 females, 493 males) were examined for stock assessment. Size and age at 50% maturity was 151.6 cm FL (12.1 years) for males and 154.9 cm (13.1 years) for females; however, the size and age at which 50% of females were in maternal condition was 162.0 cm FL (15.5 years). Males and females showed distinct seasonal reproduction patterns, with peak mating and parturition occurring from April through July. The majority of near-term pregnant and postpartum females were observed in the Florida Keys, which is an extension of the previously reported nursery grounds for sandbar sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Female fecundity averaged 8.0 pups, and there was a significant increase in fecundity with length and age. The ovarian cycle is at least biennial, although there is evidence that some females have triennial cycles. C1 [Baremore, Ivy E.; Hale, Loraine F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Baremore, IE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM ivy.baremore@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 560 EP 572 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.700904 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400043 ER PT J AU Sluis, MZ Barnett, BK Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Shiller, AM AF Sluis, Michelle Zapp Barnett, Beverly K. Patterson, William F., III Cowan, James H., Jr. Shiller, Alan M. TI Discrimination of Juvenile Red Snapper Otolith Chemical Signatures from Gulf of Mexico Nursery Regions SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; SITE FIDELITY; ELEMENTAL FINGERPRINTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; BLUEFIN TUNA; CHEMISTRY; FISH AB Age-0 red snapper Lutjanus campechanus from the 2005-2007 year-classes were sampled in six regions across the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) to develop nursery signatures from otolith element : Ca ratios (Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Li:Ca) and stable isotope delta values (delta C-13 and delta O-18). Element : Ca ratios were analyzed with sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on dissolved right sagittae; isotope ratio mass spectrometry was employed to analyze pulverized left otoliths for delta C-13 and delta O-18. Otolith chemical signatures were significantly different among regions in each year. Year-class-specific quadratic discriminant function analysis (QDFA) distinguished nursery regions with an accuracy of 82% for 2005, 70% for 2006, and 72% for 2007. However, samples were not obtained from all six study regions in 2005 and 2006. A QDFA of all year-classes combined produced an overall classification accuracy of 70%, thus indicating that region-specific otolith chemical signatures from adjacent sampling years could be used as surrogates for regions where samples were not obtained in a given year. C1 [Sluis, Michelle Zapp; Cowan, James H., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Barnett, Beverly K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. [Patterson, William F., III] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32541 USA. [Shiller, Alan M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sluis, MZ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM michellesluis@gmail.com OI Shiller, Alan/0000-0002-2068-7909 FU Marine Fisheries Initiative [NA05NMF4331072] FX This research was supported by the Marine Fisheries Initiative under Grant Number NA05NMF4331072 awarded to W. Patterson and J. Cowan. We are especially grateful to A. DeBose and K. Johnson for facilitating collection of age-0 red snapper during the NMFS Fall Groundfish Survey in the northern Gulf; J. Mareska for providing additional NCG juvenile samples; G. Martinez for sampling fish in the MEX1 and MEX2 regions; E. Scott-Denton (NMFS), J. Jamison (Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Foundation), and shrimp observers for their invaluable help in procuring age-0 red snapper samples from along the west Florida shelf; A. Hamilton, W. Ingram, and B. Mahmoudi for attempting to collect age-0 fish during the NMFS Small Pelagics Survey and the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Baitfish Survey along the west Florida shelf; Z. Chen for assistance in running the SF-ICP mass spectrometry samples; D. Winter for running the isotope ratio mass spectrometry samples; and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback that improved the manuscript. We also thank B. Kline and A. Fischer for their assistance in the laboratory. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 587 EP 598 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.703163 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400045 ER PT S AU Patrick, HJ Zarobila, CJ Germer, TA Ying, VA Cooksey, CA Tsai, BK AF Patrick, Heather J. Zarobila, Clarence J. Germer, Thomas A. Ying, Victor A. Cooksey, Catherine A. Tsai, Benjamin K. BE Hanssen, LM TI Tunable Supercontinuum Fiber Laser Source for BRDF Measurements in the STARR II Gonioreflectometer SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces III CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE supercontinuum; laser; bidirectional; diffuse; BRDF; reflectance; STARR; STARR II AB STARR II is a planned NIST facility for spectral measurements of specular reflectance and diffuse bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) that is the follow-on to the current NIST STARR (Spectral Tri-function Automated Reference Reflectometer) facility. STARR II will improve and expand on the measurement capabilities of STARR, increasing spectral coverage in the short-wave infrared spectral region and adding out-of-plane BRDF measurement capability. We present characteristics of a tunable light source constructed for STARR II, which is based upon a supercontinuum fiber laser and has a tuning range from 500 nm to 2450 nm, alongside those of the current lamp-based system in STARR. We then discuss considerations for measuring BRDF using this source. The STARR II goniometer will employ an articulated robotic arm to center and orient the sample, and we calculate the transformations from orientation of the sample and receiver to incident and scattering angles for measurements of in-plane and out-of-plane BRDF. We also present, for the first time, an analytic expression for the correction of measured BRDF to true BRDF due to the finite illumination area and collection aperture, and to the effects of uniformity of illumination. Finally, we present exploratory BRDF measurements on a diffuse sample made using the tunable supercontinnum source. C1 [Patrick, Heather J.; Zarobila, Clarence J.; Germer, Thomas A.; Ying, Victor A.; Cooksey, Catherine A.; Tsai, Benjamin K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heather.patrick@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9212-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8495 AR 84950K DI 10.1117/12.930742 PG 13 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ58 UT WOS:000312210500015 ER PT S AU Stover, JC Schroder, S Germer, TA AF Stover, John C. Schroeder, Sven Germer, Thomas A. BE Hanssen, LM TI Upper roughness limitations on the TIS/RMS relationship SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces III CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE TIS roughness limit; BRDF; sinusoidal diffraction ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; REGIMES AB The relationship between total integrated scatter and rms roughness was developed in the radar literature and enabled the first use of scatter measurements to monitor optical roughness. This relationship has been used and misused ever since. Its most common form makes use of a smooth surface approximation and has been applied to optical surfaces now for half a century. It has been suggested that Davies' exponential form can be applied to much rougher surfaces. This paper investigates that issue through a combination of approximate and rigorous calculations made on optically deep sinusoidal gratings and a few measurements. C1 [Stover, John C.] Scatter Works Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. [Schroeder, Sven] Fraunhofer Inst Appl Optic & Precis Engn, Jena, Germany. [Germer, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stover, JC (reprint author), Scatter Works Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9212-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8495 AR 849503 DI 10.1117/12.930770 PG 7 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ58 UT WOS:000312210500002 ER PT J AU Keller, KM Joos, F Raible, CC Cocco, V Frolicher, TL Dunne, JP Gehlen, M Bopp, L Orr, JC Tjiputra, J Heinze, C Segschneider, J Roy, T Metzl, N AF Keller, Kathrin M. Joos, Fortunat Raible, Christoph C. Cocco, Valentina Froelicher, Thomas L. Dunne, John P. Gehlen, Marion Bopp, Laurent Orr, James C. Tjiputra, Jerry Heinze, Christoph Segschneider, Joachim Roy, Tilla Metzl, Nicolas TI Variability of the ocean carbon cycle in response to the North Atlantic Oscillation SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic Oscillation; carbon cycle; ocean biogeochemistry; climate modeling; ocean-atmosphere interaction ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DECADAL VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; SEA; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; DIOXIDE; TRENDS; WATER AB Climate modes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), representing internal variability of the climate system, influence the ocean carbon cycle and may mask trends in the sink of anthropogenic carbon. Here, utilising control runs of six fully coupled Earth System Models, the response of the ocean carbon cycle to the NAO is quantified. The dominating response, a seesaw pattern between the subtropical gyre and the subpolar Northern Atlantic, is instantaneous (<3 months) and dynamically consistent over all models and with observations for a range of physical and biogeochemical variables. All models show asymmetric responses to NAO(+) and NAO(-) forcing, implying non-linearity in the connection between NAO and the ocean carbon cycle. However, model differences in regional expression and magnitude and conflicting results with regard to air-sea flux and CO2 partial pressure remain. Typical NAO-driven variations are +/- 10 mmol/m(3) in the surface concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity and +/- 8 ppm in the air-sea partial pressure difference. The effect on the basin-wide air-sea CO2 flux is small due to compensating fluxes on the sub-basin scale. Two models show a reduced carbon sink in the north-eastern North Atlantic during negative NAO phases, qualitatively in accordance with the observed decline during a phase of predominantly negative NAO. The results indicate that wind-driven dynamics are the main driver of the response to the NAO, which - via vertical mixing, upwelling and the associated entrainment of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients - leave an imprint on surface pCO(2) and the air-sea CO2 flux as well as on biological export production, pH and the calcium carbonate saturation state. The biogeochemical response to the NAO is predominantly governed by vertical exchange between the surface and the thermocline; large-scale horizontal transport mechanisms are of minor importance. C1 [Keller, Kathrin M.; Joos, Fortunat; Raible, Christoph C.; Cocco, Valentina] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Keller, Kathrin M.; Joos, Fortunat; Raible, Christoph C.; Cocco, Valentina] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Froelicher, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Gehlen, Marion; Bopp, Laurent; Orr, James C.] Lab Climat & Environm LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Tjiputra, Jerry; Heinze, Christoph] Univ Bergen, Dept Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Tjiputra, Jerry; Heinze, Christoph] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Segschneider, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Roy, Tilla; Metzl, Nicolas] Lab Oceanog & Climat LOCEAN IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Keller, KM (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM keller@climate.unibe.ch RI Keller, Kathrin M/A-8126-2013; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; Raible, Christoph/M-8309-2016; OI Keller, Kathrin M/0000-0001-8281-4304; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Raible, Christoph/0000-0003-0176-0602; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080; Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030 FU EU; European Community [264879]; Swiss National Science Foundation; BP through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; French national programme LEFE/INSU FX We thank Andreas Born, Marco Steinacher, Aida F. Rios, Fiz F. Perez and Jon Olafsson for discussion and constructive comments. The research leading to these results was supported through EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE 'Changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate' which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 264879. Additional support was received from the Swiss National Science Foundation. TLF was supported by BP through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University. N. Metzl also acknowledges support from the French national programme LEFE/INSU. This is publication nr. A406 from the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), and it is a contribution to the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) at BCCR. Simulations with CSM1.4 and CCSM3 were carried out at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre in Manno, Switzerland. NR 111 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 33 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PY 2012 VL 64 AR 18738 DI 10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.18738 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 053LC UT WOS:000312272000001 ER PT J AU Suzuki, S Manzello, SL Lage, M Laing, G AF Suzuki, Sayaka Manzello, Samuel L. Lage, Matthew Laing, George TI Firebrand generation data obtained from a full-scale structure burn SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE mass distribution; size distribution; WUI fires ID HIGH WINDS; FLIGHT AB A full-scale, proof-of-concept experiment was conducted to investigate firebrand production from a burning structure. In this experiment, researchers from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were invited to set up instrumentation and collect firebrands using an array of water pans during a structure burn-down. The size and mass distribution of firebrands collected from the burning structure was compared with those measured from vegetation as well as historical firebrand investigations and found to be larger and broader than those of prior studies from historical firebrand investigations. C1 [Suzuki, Sayaka; Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lage, Matthew] Vacaville Fire Dept, Vacaville, CA 95687 USA. [Laing, George] Fire Protect Dist, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 8 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1071/WF11133 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 043PV UT WOS:000311557400004 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, M Pearson, HC Vaughn-Hirshorn, RL Wursig, B Murtugudde, R AF Srinivasan, M. Pearson, H. C. Vaughn-Hirshorn, R. L. Wuersig, B. Murtugudde, R. TI Using climate downscaling to hypothesise impacts on apex predator marine ecosystem dynamics SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE behavioural ecology; cetaceans; coastal; apex predator; climate change; climate downscaling; ecosystem effects; dusky dolphins; El Nino; climate ID DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; UPPER OCEAN 1950-95; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NEW-ZEALAND; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ADMIRALTY BAY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; AQUACULTURE AB Climate downscaling studies help to connect global predictions and projections with regional dynamics and generate a better understanding of past and future conditions. Adding ecological variables and trophic relationships into the climate equation is challenging since there are few clear connections. The present study is an exploratory data analysis to explain dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) encounter rate patterns in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand. During 20012006, dolphin encounter rate in winter decreased from 6 to 0.8 groups/h and the proportion of dolphin groups observed feeding decreased from 80% to 38% in Inner Admiralty Bay. These trends generally corresponded to cooler and moderate El Nino Southern Oscillation years, lower sea surface height, southwesterly winds, increased surface mixing and decreased sea surface salinity. To fully grasp the significance of these relationships and potential impact(s) on dolphin population trends, directed long-term studies that synthesise dolphin, prey, water quality, anthropogenic pressures and climatic information into regional climate-ecosystem models are needed. C1 [Srinivasan, M.; Pearson, H. C.; Vaughn-Hirshorn, R. L.; Wuersig, B.] Texas A&M Univ, Marine Mammal Res Program, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Galveston, TX USA. [Murtugudde, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srinivasan, M.; Pearson, H. C.; Vaughn-Hirshorn, R. L.; Wuersig, B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Srinivasan, M (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM mridula.srinivasan@noaa.gov FU Earthwatch Institute; DOC; Marlborough District Council; National Geographic Society; Texas AM University; Texas A&M University at Galveston FX We thank H Amin, S Arms, L Boren, D and L Boulton, A Dahood, S Deutsch, N Duprey, P Fisher, B Lloyd, J Maxwell, R and V McDonald, N Newton, C Pearson, G Rowe, D Shelton, L Timm, S Tirapelle, L Watson, J Weir, L Wilson, and Earthwatch volunteers for field assistance and logistical support. Special thanks to Andrew Baxter, New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC) and Michael Uddstrom, NIWA for providing SST data for Admiralty Bay. Authors would also like to specially thank Jim Beauchamp, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, for providing all data for the climate impact analysis. Funding was provided by the Earthwatch Institute, DOC, Marlborough District Council, National Geographic Society, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M University at Galveston, Erma Lee and Luke Mooney, and personal funds from M Wursig. Background maps of New Zealand are courtesy of Eagle Technologies, Wellington, New Zealand. This study was conducted under Texas A&M Animal Use Protocol #2005-48 and under special permit from the DOC. R Murtugudde gratefully acknowledges the generous support and hospitality of the Divecha Center for Climate Change and CAOS at IISc, Bangalore. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-8330 J9 NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH JI N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1080/00288330.2012.712978 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 049OS UT WOS:000311993500013 ER PT S AU Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. BE Hartnig, C Roth, C TI Neutron radiography for high-resolution studies in low temperature fuel cells SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE AND DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2: IN SITU CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR LOW TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE neutron imaging and radiography; non-destructive in situ evaluation; porous media; proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC); through-plane water transport ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE; PLANE WATER DISTRIBUTION; LIQUID WATER; FLOW; TRANSPORT; PROFILES; MODEL; LAYER AB Due to the nature of the interaction between neutrons and material, neutron radiography has played a critical role in the elucidation of water management problems in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Recent advances in neutron imaging detector spatial resolution have enabled the study of through-plane water content in PEMFCs. With the ability to discriminate between water in the anode and cathode gas diffusion layers from that in the membrane electrode assembly, fundamental studies have included visualizing the role of thermo-osmosis in water transport, identifying where within the fuel cell sandwich ice forms during operation below 0 degrees C, and measuring mass transfer resistance of the membrane. This chapter discusses types of high-resolution detector systems, typical sources and sizes of measurement uncertainties, and reviews recent experiments. C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hussey, DS (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.hussey@nist.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-9364 BN 978-0-85709-548-0 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2012 IS 31 BP 188 EP 213 PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BCV05 UT WOS:000311558500008 ER PT S AU Miller, DC Gu, XH Ji, L Kelly, G Nickel, N Norum, P Shioda, T Tamizhmani, G Wohlgemuth, JH AF Miller, David C. Gu, Xiaohong Ji, Liang Kelly, George Nickel, Nichole Norum, Paul Shioda, Tsuyoshi Tamizhmani, Govindasamy Wohlgemuth, John H. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH TI Examination of a Size-Change Test for Photovoltaic Encapsulation Materials SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems V CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE material characteristics; quality assurance; shrinkage; polymer AB We examine a proposed test standard that can be used to evaluate the maximum representative change in linear dimensions of sheet encapsulation products for photovoltaic modules (resulting from their thermal processing). The proposed protocol is part of a series of material-level tests being developed within Working Group 2 of the Technical Committee 82 of the International Electrotechnical Commission. The characterization tests are being developed to aid module design (by identifying the essential characteristics that should be communicated on a datasheet), quality control (via internal material acceptance and process control), and failure analysis. Discovery and interlaboratory experiments were used to select particular parameters for the size-change test. The choice of a sand substrate and aluminum carrier is explored relative to other options. The temperature uniformity of +/- 5 degrees C for the substrate was confirmed using thermography. Considerations related to the heating device (hot-plate or oven) are explored. The time duration of 5 minutes was identified from the time-series photographic characterization of material specimens (EVA, ionomer, PVB, TPO, and TPU). The test procedure was revised to account for observed effects of size and edges. The interlaboratory study identified typical size-change characteristics, and also verified the absolute reproducibility of +/- 5% between laboratories. C1 [Miller, David C.; Wohlgemuth, John H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gu, Xiaohong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ji, Liang] Underwriters Labs Inc UL, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. [Kelly, George] BP Solar USA, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. [Nickel, Nichole] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Norum, Paul] SolarWorld Ind Amer, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Shioda, Tsuyoshi] Mitsui Chem Inc, Chiba 2990265, Japan. [Tamizhmani, Govindasamy] TUV Rheinland PTL, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. RP Miller, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM David.Miller@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; National Institute of Standards and Technology of the U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Michael Kempe, Dr. Sarah Kurtz, Dr. John Pern, and Stephen Glick of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for their help/discussion with specimen fixturing, specimen handling, experimental methods, and other subsequent analysis. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the U.S. Department of Commerce.. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9189-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8472 AR 84720T DI 10.1117/12.929796 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Optics GA BCY48 UT WOS:000312032900014 ER PT S AU Knappe, S Mhaskar, R Preusser, J Kitching, J Trahms, L Sander, T AF Knappe, S. Mhaskar, R. Preusser, J. Kitching, J. Trahms, L. Sander, T. BE Jobbagy, A TI Chip-Scale Room-Temperature Atomic Magnetometers for Biomedical Measurements SO 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering CY SEP 14-18, 2011 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE Chip-scale atomic magnetometer; MCG; MEG; MRX; optical magnetometer ID MICROFABRICATED VAPOR CELL; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB We describe a portable four-channel array of chip-scale atomic magnetometers in a flexible flying-lead configuration. These microfabricated, uncooled sensors with volumes below 1 cm(3) demonstrate sensitivities around 100 fT/Hz(1/2) and bandwidths of several hundred hertz. Performance limits are discussed, as the design is easily scalable to different sensor sizes and large arrays. Initial measurements of MCG are cross-validated with SQUID measurements. C1 [Knappe, S.; Mhaskar, R.; Preusser, J.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. [Knappe, S.; Mhaskar, R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trahms, L.; Sander, T.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-642-23507-8 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2012 VL 37 BP 1330 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BCP21 UT WOS:000310938200343 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Doherty, SJ Li, F Ruggiero, ST Tanner, CE Perring, AE Gao, RS Fahey, DW AF Schwarz, J. P. Doherty, S. J. Li, F. Ruggiero, S. T. Tanner, C. E. Perring, A. E. Gao, R. S. Fahey, D. W. TI Assessing Single Particle Soot Photometer and Integrating Sphere/Integrating Sandwich Spectrophotometer measurement techniques for quantifying black carbon concentration in snow SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CALIBRATION; DUST; INTERCOMPARISONS; IMPURITIES; DEPOSITION; AD AB We evaluate the performance of the Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) and the Integrating Sphere/Integrating Sandwich Spectrophotometer (ISSW) in quantifying the concentration of refractory black carbon (BC) in snow samples. We find that the SP2 can be used to measure BC mass concentration in snow with substantially larger uncertainty (60%) than for atmospheric sampling (<30%). Achieving this level of accuracy requires careful assessment of nebulizer performance and SP2 calibration with consideration of the fact that BC in snow can exist in larger sizes than typically observed in the atmosphere. Once these issues are addressed, the SP2 is able to measure the size distribution and mass concentration of BC in the snow. Laboratory comparison of the SP2 and the ISSW revealed significant biases in the estimate of BC concentration from the ISSW when test samples contained dust or non-absorbing particulates. These results suggest that current estimates of BC mass concentration in snow or ice formed from fallen snow using either the SP2 or the ISSW may be associated with significant underestimates of uncertainty. C1 [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Gao, R. S.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Doherty, S. J.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Li, F.; Ruggiero, S. T.; Tanner, C. E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2581 EP 2592 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2581-2012 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 046ZK UT WOS:000311804400002 ER PT J AU Fuchs, H Simpson, WR Apodaca, RL Brauers, T Cohen, RC Crowley, JN Dorn, HP Dube, WP Fry, JL Haseler, R Kajii, Y Kiendler-Scharr, A Labazan, I Matsumoto, J Mentel, TF Nakashima, Y Rohrer, F Rollins, AW Schuster, G Tillmann, R Wahner, A Wooldridge, PJ Brown, SS AF Fuchs, H. Simpson, W. R. Apodaca, R. L. Brauers, T. Cohen, R. C. Crowley, J. N. Dorn, H. -P. Dube, W. P. Fry, J. L. Haeseler, R. Kajii, Y. Kiendler-Scharr, A. Labazan, I. Matsumoto, J. Mentel, T. F. Nakashima, Y. Rohrer, F. Rollins, A. W. Schuster, G. Tillmann, R. Wahner, A. Wooldridge, P. J. Brown, S. S. TI Comparison of N2O5 mixing ratios during NO3Comp 2007 in SAPHIR SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION CHAMBER SAPHIR; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NOCTURNAL NITROGEN-OXIDES; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU DETECTION; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS AB N2O5 detection in the atmosphere has been accomplished using techniques which have been developed during the last decade. Most techniques use a heated inlet to thermally decompose N2O5 to NO3, which can be detected by either cavity based absorption at 662 nm or by laser-induced fluorescence. In summer 2007, a large set of instruments, which were capable of measuring NO3 mixing ratios, were simultaneously deployed in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR in Julich, Germany. Some of these instruments measured N2O5 mixing ratios either simultaneously or alternatively. Experiments focused on the investigation of potential interferences from, e. g., water vapour or aerosol and on the investigation of the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds by NO3. The comparison of N2O5 mixing ratios shows an excellent agreement between measurements of instruments applying different techniques (3 cavity ring-down (CRDS) instruments, 2 laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instruments). Datasets are highly correlated as indicated by the square of the linear correlation coefficients, R-2, which values were larger than 0.96 for the entire datasets. N2O5 mixing ratios well agree within the combined accuracy of measurements. Slopes of the linear regression range between 0.87 and 1.26 and intercepts are negligible. The most critical aspect of N2O5 measurements by cavity ring-down instruments is the determination of the inlet and filter transmission efficiency. Measurements here show that the N2O5 inlet transmission efficiency can decrease in the presence of high aerosol loads, and that frequent filter/inlet changing is necessary to quantitatively sample N2O5 in some environments. The analysis of data also demonstrates that a general correction for degrading filter transmission is not applicable for all conditions encountered during this campaign. Besides the effect of a gradual degradation of the inlet transmission efficiency aerosol exposure, no other interference for N2O5 measurements is found. C1 [Fuchs, H.; Brauers, T.; Dorn, H. -P.; Haeseler, R.; Kiendler-Scharr, A.; Mentel, T. F.; Rohrer, F.; Tillmann, R.; Wahner, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, IEK Troposphere 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Fuchs, H.; Dube, W. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simpson, W. R.; Apodaca, R. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Simpson, W. R.; Apodaca, R. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fuchs, H.; Dube, W. P.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cohen, R. C.; Fry, J. L.; Rollins, A. W.; Wooldridge, P. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crowley, J. N.; Labazan, I.; Schuster, G.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. [Kajii, Y.; Matsumoto, J.; Nakashima, Y.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 158, Japan. RP Fuchs, H (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, IEK Troposphere 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM h.fuchs@fz-juelich.de RI Dorn, Hans-Peter/B-3054-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Rohrer, Franz/I-2052-2012; Mentel, Thomas/A-3576-2011; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/E-8439-2011; Tillmann, Ralf/I-9203-2012; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Fuchs, Hendrik/I-9157-2012; Brauers, Theo/A-8444-2008; Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012; nakashima, yoshihiro/G-1141-2013; Simpson, William/I-2859-2014 OI Dorn, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-5945-7708; Rohrer, Franz/0000-0003-3436-3419; Mentel, Thomas/0000-0003-0810-3541; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/0000-0003-3166-2253; Tillmann, Ralf/0000-0003-0648-6622; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Fuchs, Hendrik/0000-0003-1263-0061; Brauers, Theo/0000-0001-6671-8566; Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928; Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290 FU European Community [RII3-CT-2004-505968]; NSF [ATM-0639847, ATM-0511829]; National Science Foundation [CHE- 0094038, ATM-0624448]; United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER83695] FX The authors thank B. Bohn und R. Wegener for measurements of NO3 photolysis frequencies and butanal concentrations shown in Fig. 1. The NO3-N2O5-Intercomparison campaign (2007) was supported by grant no. RII3-CT-2004-505968 of the European Community within the 6th Framework Program, Section Support for research Infrastructures - Integrated Infrastructure Initiative: EUROCHAMP and Priority 1.1.6.3. Global Change and Ecosystems: ACCENT. Authors associated with University of California Berkeley would like to acknowledge support by NSF grants ATM-0639847 and ATM-0511829. Authors associated with University of Alaska Fairbanks were supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants CHE- 0094038 and ATM-0624448), as well as by the United States Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-03ER83695). NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2763 EP 2777 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2763-2012 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 046ZK UT WOS:000311804400017 ER PT J AU Whiteman, DN Cadirola, M Venable, D Calhoun, M Miloshevich, L Vermeesch, K Twigg, L Dirisu, A Hurst, D Hall, E Jordan, A Vomel, H AF Whiteman, D. N. Cadirola, M. Venable, D. Calhoun, M. Miloshevich, L. Vermeesch, K. Twigg, L. Dirisu, A. Hurst, D. Hall, E. Jordan, A. Voemel, H. TI Correction technique for Raman water vapor lidar signal-dependent bias and suitability for water vapor trend monitoring in the upper troposphere SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY MEASUREMENTS; FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; PART I; AWEX-G; VALIDATION; RADIOSONDE; CALIBRATION AB The MOHAVE-2009 campaign brought together diverse instrumentation for measuring atmospheric water vapor. We report on the participation of the ALVICE (Atmospheric Laboratory for Validation, Interagency Collaboration and Education) mobile laboratory in the MOHAVE-2009 campaign. In appendices we also report on the performance of the corrected Vaisala RS92 radiosonde measurements during the campaign, on a new radiosonde based calibration algorithm that reduces the influence of atmospheric variability on the derived calibration constant, and on other results of the ALVICE deployment. The MOHAVE-2009 campaign permitted the Raman lidar systems participating to discover and address measurement biases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The ALVICE lidar system was found to possess a wet bias which was attributed to fluorescence of insect material that was deposited on the telescope early in the mission. Other sources of wet biases are discussed and data from other Raman lidar systems are investigated, revealing that wet biases in upper tropospheric (UT) and lower stratospheric (LS) water vapor measurements appear to be quite common in Raman lidar systems. Lower stratospheric climatology of water vapor is investigated both as a means to check for the existence of these wet biases in Raman lidar data and as a source of correction for the bias. A correction technique is derived and applied to the ALVICE lidar water vapor profiles. Good agreement is found between corrected ALVICE lidar measurments and those of RS92, frost point hygrometer and total column water. The correction is offered as a general method to both quality control Raman water vapor lidar data and to correct those data that have signal-dependent bias. The influence of the correction is shown to be small at regions in the upper troposphere where recent work indicates detection of trends in atmospheric water vapor may be most robust. The correction shown here holds promise for permitting useful upper tropospheric water vapor profiles to be consistently measured by Raman lidar within NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) and elsewhere, despite the prevalence of instrumental and atmospheric effects that can contaminate the very low signal to noise measurements in the UT. C1 [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cadirola, M.] Ecotronics LLC, Clarksburg, MD 20871 USA. [Venable, D.; Calhoun, M.] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Miloshevich, L.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. [Vermeesch, K.; Twigg, L.] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Dirisu, A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. [Hurst, D.; Hall, E.; Jordan, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D.; Hall, E.; Jordan, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Voemel, H.] Lindenberg Observ, Lindenberg, Germany. RP Whiteman, DN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.n.whiteman@nasa.gov RI Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2893 EP 2916 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2893-2012 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 046ZK UT WOS:000311804400025 ER PT J AU Nanninga, NE AF Nanninga, N. E. BE Gangloff, RP Somerday, BP TI Fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life of metals exposed to hydrogen SO GASEOUS HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF MATERIALS IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, VOL 1: THE PROBLEM, ITS CHARACTERISATION AND EFFECTS ON PARTICULAR ALLOY CLASSES SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE fatigue crack growth threshold; fatigue crack initiation; high cycle fatigue; low cycle fatigue; ultra-high cycle fatigue ID LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; REGIME N-GREATER-THAN-10(7) CYCLES; HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN; STAGE-I PROPAGATION; HIGH STRAIN FATIGUE; FUEL-CELL SYSTEM; GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; NEAR-THRESHOLD; ABSORBED HYDROGEN AB Design against fatigue failure often relies on the use of strain- or stress-life fatigue curves for determining safe operating conditions. Fatigue lives of engineering materials and components can be reduced when they are exposed to gaseous hydrogen, although, much of the decreased life may be attributed to enhanced stage II fatigue crack growth. The effects of hydrogen on fatigue crack initiation and stage I fatigue crack growth seem to be less damaging, but currently there is no clear understanding of the role of hydrogen in these processes. This chapter summarizes the existing literature on total-life fatigue testing, fatigue crack initiation, and early fatigue crack growth of metallic materials exposed to hydrogen. Through dissection of the existing literature we address key questions regarding fatigue crack initiation, e.g., the apparent role of a critical hydrogen concentration in fatigue crack initiation, the effects of micro-notches in reducing crack initiation lives, and the effects of hydrogen on slip localization and early formation of persistent slip bands. These observations are expected to help direct future research toward understanding this phenomenon. C1 [Nanninga, N. E.] NIST, Washington, DC USA. RP Nanninga, NE (reprint author), TIMET, Henderson Tech Lab, POB 2128, Henderson, NV 89009 USA. EM nick.nanninga@timet.com NR 113 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-389-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2012 BP 347 EP 378 D2 10.1533/9780857093899 PG 32 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BCW71 UT WOS:000311701400011 ER PT J AU Kuck, S Migdall, AL Degiovanni, IP Cheung, JY AF Kueck, Stefan Migdall, Alan L. Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro Cheung, Jessica Y. TI Single-Photon Devices and Applications SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECIAL-ISSUE; DETECTORS C1 [Kueck, Stefan] PTB, Braunschweig, Germany. [Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro] INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Cheung, Jessica Y.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. RP Kuck, S (reprint author), PTB, Braunschweig, Germany. RI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013 OI Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2012 VL 59 IS 17 BP 1455 EP 1457 DI 10.1080/09500340.2012.744192 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 039BS UT WOS:000311218400001 ER PT J AU Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Migdall, AL AF Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Migdall, Alan L. TI Time-domain measurements of afterpulsing in InGaAs/InP SPAD gated with sub-nanosecond pulses SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE optical instrumentation and technology; single photon detector; avalanche photodiode; near infrared ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; WAVELENGTHS AB Afterpulsing was investigated experimentally in an InGaAs single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) operating in the biasing and sensing regime of periodic-gating techniques. These techniques support single-photon counting at rates in the 100MHz range with low afterpulse probability and are characterized by sub-nanosecond active gates that limit total avalanche-charge flows to the 100 fC range or less. We achieved comparable gating and sensing performance with a system using non-periodic gates and were able to make traditional double-pulse afterpulse measurements from 4.8 ns to 2 mu s in this new low-avalanche-current regime. With 0.50 ns gate duration and a detection efficiency of 0.15 at 1310nm the per-gate afterpulse probability at 4.8 ns is 0.008, while with a 1.5 ns gate it is almost two orders of magnitude higher. We provide a quantitative connection between afterpulse probability and total avalanche charge, and between the performance observed in traditional gating techniques for InGaAs SPADs and those observed with periodic gating techniques. C1 [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Bienfang, Joshua C.; Migdall, Alan L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Restelli, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM alessandro.restelli@nist.gov RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 FU DARPA InPho program FX This work was funded in part by the DARPA InPho program. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2012 VL 59 IS 17 BP 1465 EP 1471 DI 10.1080/09500340.2012.687463 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 039BS UT WOS:000311218400003 ER PT J AU Toppozini, L Armstrong, CL Barrett, MA Zheng, SB Luo, L Nanda, H Sakai, VG Rheinstadter, MC AF Toppozini, Laura Armstrong, Clare L. Barrett, Matthew A. Zheng, Songbo Luo, Lindy Nanda, Hirsh Sakai, Victoria Garcia Rheinstaedter, Maikel C. TI Partitioning of ethanol into lipid membranes and its effect on fluidity and permeability as seen by X-ray and neutron scattering SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; NONELECTROLYTE PARTITION; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; PHASE DMPC; WATER; DYNAMICS; MODEL; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; DIFFRACTION; ANESTHETICS AB We present a combined neutron and X-ray scattering investigation to study the effect of ethanol on the molecular structure and dynamics of lipid membranes. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3phoshatidylcholine (DMPC) powder hydrated with a 5 wt% ethanol solution (corresponding to 2 mol% of ethanol) was used in this study. From high-resolution X-ray experiments the position and partitioning of the ethanol molecules in the phospholipid bilayers was determined in their gel and fluid phases. We find that the ethanol molecules reside in the head group region of the bilayers, with 1.6 ethanol molecules per lipid molecule in the gel phase and 1.2 ethanol molecules per lipid molecule in the fluid phase. We find evidence for enhanced permeability in both fluid and gel phases of the phospholipid bilayers in the presence of ethanol molecules. Elastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering data, obtained using a neutron backscattering spectrometer, was used to study slow, nanosecond molecular dynamics on length scales corresponding to lipid diffusion, acyl chain dynamics and solvent dynamics. While the presence of ethanol molecules had no observable effect on these types of dynamics in the fluid (L-alpha) phase, the membranes appeared to have a higher degree of order in gel (L-beta) and ripple (P-beta') phases. In particular, lipid diffusion was found to be slower by a factor of two in the more rigid gel phase when ethanol was present. C1 [Toppozini, Laura; Armstrong, Clare L.; Barrett, Matthew A.; Zheng, Songbo; Luo, Lindy; Rheinstaedter, Maikel C.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sakai, Victoria Garcia] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Rheinstaedter, Maikel C.] Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON, Canada. RP Toppozini, L (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM toppozl@mcmaster.ca; victoria.garcia-sakai@stfc.ac.uk; rheinstadter@mcmaster.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Research Council Canada (NRC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation FX This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the National Research Council Canada (NRC), the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation. We thank the NIST Center for Neutron Research for the allocation of beam time. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 47 BP 11839 EP 11849 DI 10.1039/c2sm26546j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 044QL UT WOS:000311637000009 ER PT B AU Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH AF Adams, Noah S. Beeman, John W. Eiler, John H. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Telemetry Techniques: A User Guide for Fisheries Research Introduction SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID TRACKING C1 [Adams, Noah S.; Beeman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Eiler, John H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Adams, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM nadams@usgs.gov; jbeeman@usgs.gov; john.eiler@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600001 ER PT B AU Liedtke, TL Rub, AMW AF Liedtke, Theresa L. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Techniques for Telemetry Transmitter Attachment and Evaluation of Transmitter Effects on Fish Performance SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; ADULT ATLANTIC SALMON; DUMMY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; INTRAGASTRIC TRANSMITTERS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA C1 [Liedtke, Theresa L.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Rub, A. Michelle Wargo] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Liedtke, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM tliedtke@usgs.gov; michelle.rub@noaa.gov NR 172 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 45 EP 87 PG 43 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600004 ER PT B AU Eiler, JH AF Eiler, John H. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Tracking Aquatic Animals with Radio Telemetry SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER; RADIOTELEMETRY; MIGRATION; TRIANGULATION; MOVEMENT; COLUMBIA; TROUT C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, TSMRI 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.eiler@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 163 EP 204 PG 42 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600007 ER PT B AU Corbett, SC Brenkman, SJ AF Corbett, Stephen C. Brenkman, Samuel J. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Two Case Studies From Washington's Olympic Peninsula: Radio Telemetry Reveals Bull Trout Anadromy and Establishes Baseline Information Prior to Dam Removal SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ADULT CHINOOK SALMON; HABITAT USE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MIGRATORY PATTERNS; BLACKFOOT RIVER; MOVEMENTS; MONTANA; RADIOTELEMETRY; SYSTEM C1 [Corbett, Stephen C.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Brenkman, Samuel J.] Natl Pk Serv, Dept Interior, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Corbett, SC (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Steve.Corbett@noaa.gov; sam_brenkman@nps.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 207 EP 220 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600008 ER PT B AU Perry, RW Castro-Santos, T Holbrook, CM Sandford, BP AF Perry, Russell W. Castro-Santos, Theodore Holbrook, Christopher M. Sandford, Benjamin P. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Using Mark-Recapture Models to Estimate Survival from Telemetry Data SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; RADIOTELEMETRY; ANIMALS; HYPOTHESES C1 [Perry, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Castro-Santos, Theodore] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Holbrook, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Western Basin Ecosyst Branch, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Sandford, Benjamin P.] NOAA, Pasco, WA 99361 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM rperry@usgs.gov; tcastrosantos@usgs.gov; cholbrook@usgs.gov; ben.sandford@noaa.gov OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 453 EP 475 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600019 ER PT B AU Kasinath, RK Klem, M Usselman, R AF Kasinath, Rajendra K. Klem, Michael Usselman, Robert GP TMS TI Citrate Mediated Wet Chemical Synthesis of Fe Doped Nanoapatites: A Model for Singly Doped Multifunctional Nanostructures SO TMS 2012 141ST ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2: MATERIALS PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Properties, Characterization and Modeling from 141st TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 11-15, 2012 CL Orlando, CA SP TMS DE Nanoparticles; Apatites; Multifunctional ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; NANOPARTICLES; SILICA; POWDERS AB The structurally forgiving nature of the apatite lattice may be employed to synthesize functional nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles with calcium site substitution by metal atom doping. In this work we present an effective green synthetic methodology to synthesize equiaxed and highly dispersed Fe(III)-doped multifunctional nHA particles by controlled aging of a calcium phosphate precursor. It was seen that doping in the HA lattice, while employing this wet chemical technique, does not induce a structural change even with 30 mol. % Fe-substitution. The Fe(III)-doped nanoparticles exhibited both magnetic and luminescent properties. The magnetic properties were measured employing magnetometry and SQUID. The Fe doped nHA particles also exhibited green fluorescence under UV excitation. While single property modulation in nHA has been previously shown by doping with metal atoms, herein we show that it is possible to design nHA particles, and perhaps others, with multifunctional properties with only one dopant. C1 [Kasinath, Rajendra K.] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Butte, MT USA. [Kasinath, Rajendra K.; Klem, Michael] Montana Tech Univ, Ctr Adv Supramolecular & Nano Syst CASANS, Butte, MT USA. [Klem, Michael] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT USA. [Usselman, Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kasinath, RK (reprint author), Montana Tech Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Butte, MT USA. EM rkasinath@mtech.edu; mklem@mtech.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-1-118-35700-2; 978-1-118-29609-7 PY 2012 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCV71 UT WOS:000311607900002 ER PT J AU Dennis, T Schlager, JB Yuan, HC Wang, Q Friedman, D AF Dennis, Tasshi Schlager, John B. Yuan, Hao-Chih Wang, Qi Friedman, Daniel GP IEEE TI A Novel Solar Simulator Based on a Super-Continuum Laser SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy AB The design and operation of a novel solar simulator based on a high-power, super-continuum fiber laser is described in this work. The simulator features a multi-sun irradiance with continuous spectral coverage from the visible to the infrared. By use of a prism-based spectral shaper, the simulator can be matched to any desired spectral profile, including the ASTM G-173-03 air-mass 1.5 direct or other global reference spectra. The simulator has been effectively used to measure the efficiency of gallium-arsenide (GaAs) and crystalline silicon (Si) solar cells, showing good agreement with independent measurements. The pulsed temporal characteristic of the simulator was studied and shown to have a negligible influence on measurements of cell efficiency for both GaAs and Si materials. The ability to arbitrarily shape the spectrum of the simulator may find application in multi-junction testing, and the potential for diffraction-limited focusing could enable localized excitation of advanced photovoltaic materials. C1 [Dennis, Tasshi; Schlager, John B.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dennis, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1845 EP 1848 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802029 ER PT J AU Frantz, JA Bekele, RY Myers, JD Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Maximenko, SI Gonzalez, M Tischler, JG Walters, RJ Leite, MS Bruce, A Frolov, SV Cyrus, M AF Frantz, Jesse A. Bekele, Robel Y. Myers, Jason D. Nguyen, Vinh Q. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Maximenko, Sergey I. Gonzalez, Maria Tischler, Joseph G. Walters, Robert J. Leite, Marina S. Bruce, Allan Frolov, Sergey V. Cyrus, Michael GP IEEE TI Structural and Electronic Characteristics of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Thin Films Sputtered From Quaternary Targets SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE copper compounds; grain size; photovoltaic cells; solar energy; sputtering; thin film devices; thin films AB Although the advantages of sputter deposition for large area, uniform deposition are well known, it has long been believed that sputtering Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) from a quaternary sputtering target yields films with morphological and electronic properties that make them unsuitable for use in high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. Recent work, however, has demonstrated that this deposition method can produce dense, polycrystalline, highly oriented films with the desired stoichiometry. Devices built with these films exhibit efficiencies >10%. While effective parameters for target composition and deposition conditions have been achieved, variation from these conditions can result in a wide array of morphologies, even while composition remains near that of stoichiometric CIGS. In this paper, we review the broad range of structural and electronic properties that result from various sets of target compositions and deposition conditions. Films deposited under some conditions are similar in important respects - their composition, a dense structure composed of similar to 1 mu m sized grains, and the presence of a MoSe2 layer - to those of evaporated CIGS. We discuss how these results point towards the possibility of higher-efficiency sputtered CIGS. C1 [Frantz, Jesse A.; Myers, Jason D.; Nguyen, Vinh Q.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bekele, Robel Y.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Maximenko, Sergey I.; Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Leite, Marina S.] CNST, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bruce, Allan; Frolov, Sergey V.; Cyrus, Michael] Sunlight Photon Inc, South Plainfield, NJ 07080 USA. RP Frantz, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3098 EP 3101 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803085 ER PT J AU Yoon, HP Ruzmetov, D Haney, PM Leite, MS Hamadani, BH Talin, AA Zhitenev, NB AF Yoon, Heayoung P. Ruzmetov, Dmitry Haney, Paul M. Leite, Marina S. Hamadani, Behrang H. Talin, A. Alec Zhitenev, Nikolai B. GP IEEE TI High-Resolution Local Current Measurement of CdTe Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE solar cells; thin film; CdTe; grain boundary; electron beam induced current; EBIC; cross section; focused ion beam ID MICROSCOPY AB We investigate local electronic properties of CdTe solar cells using electron beam to excite electron-hole pairs and evaluate spatially resolved photocurrent characteristics. Standard semiconductor processes were used to fabricate Ohmic metal contacts on the surface of p-type CdTe/n-type CdS device extracted from a commercial solar panel. An ion milling process was used to prepare cross-sections of the devices. Local injection of carriers was controlled by an acceleration voltage of electron beam ( 1 kV to 30 kV) in a scanning electron microscope, and the results were correlated with the local morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of the devices. C1 [Yoon, Heayoung P.; Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Haney, Paul M.; Leite, Marina S.; Talin, A. Alec; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamadani, Behrang H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Energy & Environm div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Heayoung P.; Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Mary land Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yoon, HP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 FU Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANBlOH193]; University of Maryland FX The authors thank Glenn Holland for sample preparations. Also we thank David Gundlach and James Basham for valuable discussions. H.P.Yoon, D.Ruzmetov, M.S.Leite acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANBlOH193, through the University of Maryland. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3217 EP 3219 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803111 ER PT J AU He, YB Zhou, W Krishna, R Chen, BL AF He, Yabing Zhou, Wei Krishna, Rajamani Chen, Banglin TI Microporous metal-organic frameworks for storage and separation of small hydrocarbons SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POROUS COORDINATION-POLYMER; HIGHLY SELECTIVE SEPARATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; PRESSURE METHANE ADSORPTION; GAS-SORPTION PROPERTIES; ACETYLENE STORAGE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SMALL MOLECULES; KINETIC SEPARATION; CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION AB Hydrocarbons are very important energy resources and raw materials for some industrially important products and fine chemicals. There is a need for the discovery of better materials that offer enhanced capacities for safe storage of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the development of improved separation technologies will lead to significant reduction in energy requirements and costs. In this feature article, we provide an overview of the current status of the emerging microporous metal-organic frameworks for the storage and separation of small hydrocarbons. C1 [He, Yabing; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zhou, Wei] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Banglin.Chen@utsa.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Krishna, Rajamani/A-1098-2012 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX This work was supported by an AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC). NR 197 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 16 U2 161 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 97 BP 11813 EP 11831 DI 10.1039/c2cc35418g PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 039YP UT WOS:000311284900001 PM 23086227 ER PT J AU Baker, JD Howell, EA Polovina, JJ AF Baker, Jason D. Howell, Evan A. Polovina, Jeffrey J. TI Relative influence of climate variability and direct anthropogenic impact on a sub-tropical Pacific top predator, the Hawaiian monk seal SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Monachus schauinslandii; Climate change; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; Population dynamics; Anthropogenic disturbance ID ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; REGIME SHIFT DETECTION; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; NORTH PACIFIC; SURVIVAL; ISLANDS; ECOSYSTEM; SIZE; PRODUCTIVITY; ABUNDANCE AB Abundance trends of Hawaiian monk seals Monachus schauinslandi at 6 subpopulations throughout the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) have fluctuated considerably during the past 5 decades. Direct human impacts have been widely accepted as the primary cause of previous monk seal population declines and, consequently, much conservation effort has focused on minimizing these threats. Yet climate variability has been increasingly identified as a factor influencing monk seal demography. We endeavored to evaluate the relative influence of climate versus direct anthropogenic impacts on historic trends in monk seal populations. Periods of growth and decline in monk seal abundance at 4 subpopulations were associated with positive and negative phases, respectively, of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Moreover, PDO regime shifts were followed, after approximately 2 yr lags, by corresponding changes in monk seal abundance trajectories, especially in the absence confounding human impacts. We propose that the PDO is a proxy for varying productivity in the northern NWHI, the effects of which propagate vertically through the food web and are reflected in top predators such as the monk seal. Our results suggest that long-term dynamics of monk seal populations may have been driven as much, if not more, by climate-ocean variability as by direct human activity. In recent years, direct human impacts on monk seals have been virtually eliminated from the NWHI. As such, previous and continued detailed monitoring of Hawaiian monk seal demographics offer a unique opportunity to document and understand how future anticipated global climate change will affect marine ecosystems in the central North Pacific. C1 [Baker, Jason D.; Howell, Evan A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 57 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 77 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 469 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.3354/meps09987 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 043OK UT WOS:000311553600014 ER PT J AU Urban, D AF Urban, Daniel TI Food habits of Pacific cod and walleye pollock in the northern Gulf of Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific cod; Ealleye pollock; Tanner crab; Northern shrimp; predator/prey; Gulf of Alaska ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; FEEDING-HABITS; NICHE OVERLAP; PAVLOF BAY; DIET; PREY; SPECIALIZATION; VARIABILITY AB Seasonal variations in the diets of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus and walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma were examined from fish collected during 5 sampling periods from August 1998 to June 1999 in the Kodiak Island area in the Gulf of Alaska. Both species were shown to be generalist predators, eating a wide variety of fish and invertebrates. Pollock, which are limited to pelagic prey, can be considered more specialized than cod. Cod consumed 78 prey items, and pollock consumed 45 prey items, with 28 items shared by both species. Individual pollock, however, typically concentrated on a single prey item, while individual cod stomachs contained a wider variety of prey. The principal prey of Pacific cod was Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi, comprising >28% of the cod diet by weight. The most common prey item for walleye pollock was the euphausiid Thysanoessa. Over the 5 sampling periods, the prey evenness and niche width occupied by the 2 species were similar, but seasonal differences were evident. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Urban, D (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM dan.urban@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 469 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.3354/meps10135 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 043OK UT WOS:000311553600017 ER PT J AU Saikawa, E Rigby, M Prinn, RG Montzka, SA Miller, BR Kuijpers, LJM Fraser, PJB Vollmer, MK Saito, T Yokouchi, Y Harth, CM Muhle, J Weiss, RF Salameh, PK Kim, J Li, S Park, S Kim, KR Young, D O'Doherty, S Simmonds, PG McCulloch, A Krummel, PB Steele, LP Lunder, C Hermansen, O Maione, M Arduini, J Yao, B Zhou, LX Wang, HJ Elkins, JW Hall, B AF Saikawa, E. Rigby, M. Prinn, R. G. Montzka, S. A. Miller, B. R. Kuijpers, L. J. M. Fraser, P. J. B. Vollmer, M. K. Saito, T. Yokouchi, Y. Harth, C. M. Muehle, J. Weiss, R. F. Salameh, P. K. Kim, J. Li, S. Park, S. Kim, K. -R. Young, D. O'Doherty, S. Simmonds, P. G. McCulloch, A. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Lunder, C. Hermansen, O. Maione, M. Arduini, J. Yao, B. Zhou, L. X. Wang, H. J. Elkins, J. W. Hall, B. TI Global and regional emission estimates for HCFC-22 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODELS; EAST-ASIA; TROPOSPHERIC OH; INVERSE; GASES; SENSITIVITY; HALOCARBONS; CONVECTION; HISTORY; GROWTH AB HCFC-22 (CHClF2, chlorodifluoromethane) is an ozone-depleting substance (ODS) as well as a significant greenhouse gas (GHG). HCFC-22 has been used widely as a refrigerant fluid in cooling and air-conditioning equipment since the 1960s, and it has also served as a traditional substitute for some chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) controlled under the Montreal Protocol. A low frequency record on tropospheric HCFC-22 since the late 1970s is available from measurements of the Southern Hemisphere Cape Grim Air Archive (CGAA) and a few Northern Hemisphere air samples (mostly from Trinidad Head) using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) instrumentation and calibrations. Since the 1990s high-frequency, high-precision, in situ HCFC-22 measurements have been collected at these AGAGE stations. Since 1992, the Global Monitoring Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) has also collected flasks on a weekly basis from remote sites across the globe and analyzed them for a suite of halocarbons including HCFC-22. Additionally, since 2006 flasks have been collected approximately daily at a number of tower sites across the US and analyzed for halocarbons and other gases at NOAA. All results show an increase in the atmospheric mole fractions of HCFC-22, and recent data show a growth rate of approximately 4% per year, resulting in an increase in the background atmospheric mole fraction by a factor of 1.7 from 1995 to 2009. Using data on HCFC-22 consumption submitted to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), as well as existing bottom-up emission estimates, we first create globally-gridded a priori HCFC-22 emissions over the 15 yr since 1995. We then use the three-dimensional chemical transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART v4), and a Bayesian inverse method to estimate global as well as regional annual emissions. Our inversion indicates that the global HCFC-22 emissions have an increasing trend between 1995 and 2009. We further find a surge in HCFC-22 emissions between 2005 and 2009 from developing countries in Asia - the largest emitting region including China and India. Globally, substantial emissions continue despite production and consumption being phased out in developed countries currently. C1 [Saikawa, E.; Rigby, M.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rigby, M.; Young, D.; O'Doherty, S.; Simmonds, P. G.; McCulloch, A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Montzka, S. A.; Miller, B. R.; Elkins, J. W.; Hall, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kuijpers, L. J. M.] Tech Univ Eindhoven, Eindhoven Ctr Sustainabil, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Fraser, P. J. B.; Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Vollmer, M. K.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, EMPA, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Saito, T.; Yokouchi, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Harth, C. M.; Muehle, J.; Weiss, R. F.; Salameh, P. K.; Kim, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kim, J.; Li, S.; Park, S.; Kim, K. -R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Lunder, C.; Hermansen, O.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Maione, M.; Arduini, J.] Univ Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Yao, B.; Zhou, L. X.] China Meteorol Adm, Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Saikawa, E (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM esaikawa@mit.edu RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Saito, Takuya/E-5877-2010; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; arduini, jgor/N-2798-2016; OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; arduini, jgor/0000-0002-5199-3853; Saikawa, Eri/0000-0003-3166-8620; Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 FU NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the US [NNX11AF17G, NNX07AF09G, NNX07AE87G]; Defra/DECC; NOAA in the UK; CSIRO; Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea government (MEST) [2010-0029119]; Ministry of the Environment of Japan; Global Environment Fund; MOST EU S & T Cooperative Project [1015] FX The AGAGE research program is supported by the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the US with grants NNX11AF17G to MIT, NNX07AF09G and NNX07AE87G to SIO, Defra/DECC and NOAA in the UK, CSIRO and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia. For NOAA measurements, assistance was provided by C. Siso, L. Miller, D. Mondeel, A. Andrews, and J. Kofler. NOAA observations and analyses were supported in part by NOAA's Climate Program Office through its Atmospheric Chemistry and Composition and Global Carbon Cycle programs. HCFC-22 study at Gosan is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2010-0029119). HCFC-22 measurements at Zeppelin, Ny-Alesund are supported by the Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency. HCFC-22 measurements at Shangdianzi are supported by the China Meteorological Administration, Nature Science Foundation of China (41030107) and MOST EU S & T Cooperative Project (1015). The NIES program is supported by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan with the Global Environment Fund. We would like to thank Rona Thompson at the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, France for providing us the photochemical model results for O1(D) profile. We would also like to thank Arlyn Andrews and Pieter Tans for their help for this paper. We thank all the staff at the AGAGE, AGAGE-affiliates, NOAA and NIES sites for their contributions to produce high quality measurements of important atmospheric trace gases. We are also grateful for the constructive comments by the two reviewers that significantly improved the quality of this paper. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10033 EP 10050 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10033-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400002 ER PT J AU Lan, X Talbot, R Castro, M Perry, K Luke, W AF Lan, X. Talbot, R. Castro, M. Perry, K. Luke, W. TI Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric mercury across the US determined from AMNet monitoring data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT NETWORK CAMNET; TOTAL GASEOUS MERCURY; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; NEW-ENGLAND; INLAND SITES; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; INITIATED REACTIONS; SPECIATED MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY AB Speciated atmospheric mercury observations collected over the period from 2008 to 2010 at the Environmental Protection Agency and National Atmospheric Deposition Program Atmospheric Mercury Network sites (AMNet) were analyzed for its spatial, seasonal, and diurnal characteristics across the US. Median values of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM) at 11 different AMNet sites ranged from 148-226 ppqv (1.32-2.02 ng m(-3)), 0.05-1.4 ppqv (0.47-12.4 pg m(-3)) and 0.18-1.5 ppqv (1.61-13.7 pg m(-3)), respectively. Common characteristics of these sites were the similar median levels of GEM as well as its seasonality, with the highest mixing ratios occurring in winter and spring and the lowest in fall. However, discernible differences in monthly average GEM were as large as 30 ppqv, which may be caused by sporadic influence from local emission sources. The largest diurnal variation amplitude of GEM occurred in the summer. Seven rural sites displayed similar GEM summer diurnal patterns, in that the lowest levels appeared in the early morning, and then the GEM mixing ratio increased after sunrise and reached its maxima at noon or in the early afternoon. Unlike GEM, GOM exhibited higher mixing ratios in spring and summer. The largest diurnal variation amplitude of GOM occurred in spring for most AMNet sites. The GOM diurnal minima appeared before sunrise and maxima appeared in the afternoon. The increased GOM mixing ratio in the afternoon indicated a photochemically driven oxidation of GEM resulting in GOM formation. PBM exhibited diurnal fluctuations in summertime. The summertime PBM diurnal pattern displayed daily maxima in the early afternoon and lower mixing ratios at night, implying photochemical production of PBM in summer. C1 [Lan, X.; Talbot, R.] Univ Houston, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Castro, M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Perry, K.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Luke, W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lan, X (reprint author), Univ Houston, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM xlan3@uh.edu RI Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 FU Environmental Protection Agency [EP09H000355]; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4600514] FX We thank the AMNet site operators (John Dalziel, Timothy Chang, Dirk Felton, Gary Conley, Larry Scrapper, Neil Olson, Eric Miller, Thomas Holsen) for providing the valuable atmospheric mercury data at all the observational sites. This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency under contract #EP09H000355 and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration under grant #NA07OAR4600514. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10569 EP 10582 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10569-2012 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400035 ER PT J AU Colette, A Granier, C Hodnebrog, O Jakobs, H Maurizi, A Nyiri, A Rao, S Amann, M Bessagnet, B D'Angiola, A Gauss, M Heyes, C Klimont, Z Meleux, F Memmesheimer, M Mieville, A Rouil, L Russo, F Schucht, S Simpson, D Stordal, F Tampieri, F Vrac, M AF Colette, A. Granier, C. Hodnebrog, O. Jakobs, H. Maurizi, A. Nyiri, A. Rao, S. Amann, M. Bessagnet, B. D'Angiola, A. Gauss, M. Heyes, C. Klimont, Z. Meleux, F. Memmesheimer, M. Mieville, A. Rouil, L. Russo, F. Schucht, S. Simpson, D. Stordal, F. Tampieri, F. Vrac, M. TI Future air quality in Europe: a multi-model assessment of projected exposure to ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRANSPORT MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE; IMPACT; VARIABILITY AB In order to explore future air quality in Europe at the 2030 horizon, two emission scenarios developed in the framework of the Global Energy Assessment including varying assumptions on climate and energy access policies are investigated with an ensemble of six regional and global atmospheric chemistry transport models. A specific focus is given in the paper to the assessment of uncertainties and robustness of the projected changes in air quality. The present work relies on an ensemble of chemistry transport models giving insight into the model spread. Both regional and global scale models were involved, so that the ensemble benefits from medium-resolution approaches as well as global models that capture long-range transport. For each scenario a whole decade is modelled in order to gain statistical confidence in the results. A statistical downscaling approach is used to correct the distribution of the modelled projection. Last, the modelling experiment is related to a hind-cast study published earlier, where the performances of all participating models were extensively documented. The analysis is presented in an exposure-based framework in order to discuss policy relevant changes. According to the emission projections, ozone precursors such as NOx will drop down to 30% to 50% of their current levels, depending on the scenario. As a result, annual mean O-3 will slightly increase in NOx saturated areas but the overall O-3 burden will decrease substantially. Exposure to detrimental O-3 levels for health (SOMO35) will be reduced down to 45% to 70% of their current levels. And the fraction of stations where present-day exceedences of daily maximum O-3 is higher than 120 mu g m(-3) more than 25 days per year will drop from 43% down to 2 to 8 %. We conclude that air pollution mitigation measures (present in both scenarios) are the main factors leading to the improvement, but an additional cobenefit of at least 40% (depending on the indicator) is brought about by the climate policy. C1 [Colette, A.; Bessagnet, B.; Meleux, F.; Rouil, L.; Schucht, S.] Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Granier, C.; D'Angiola, A.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Granier, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, C.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Hodnebrog, O.; Stordal, F.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Jakobs, H.; Memmesheimer, M.] FRIUUK, Cologne, Germany. [Maurizi, A.; Russo, F.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Nyiri, A.; Gauss, M.; Simpson, D.] Meteorol Inst Met No, Oslo, Norway. [Rao, S.; Amann, M.; Heyes, C.; Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Tampieri, F.] ENEA, Bologna, Italy. [Mieville, A.] Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Simpson, D.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Vrac, M.] UVSQ, CNRS INSU, CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm,IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Colette, A (reprint author), Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. EM augustin.colette@ineris.fr RI Simpson, David/A-3313-2009; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Hodnebrog, Oivind/F-5539-2015; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; maurizi, alberto/D-5031-2017 OI Simpson, David/0000-0001-9538-3208; Stordal, Frode/0000-0002-5190-6473; Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Hodnebrog, Oivind/0000-0001-5233-8992; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; maurizi, alberto/0000-0003-4563-9636 FU European Union [212095, 265148, 283576, 282910]; Research Council of Norway [188134/E10] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 212095 (CityZen), no. 265148 (PEGASOS), no. 283576 (MACC-II), and no. 282910 (ECLAIRE). The French Research Programme Primequal is also acknowledged (Salut'AIR), as well as EMEP under UNECE. OH has also received funding from the Research Council of Norway (project no. 188134/E10). NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10613 EP 10630 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10613-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400038 ER PT J AU Mayr, J Jedrzejewski, J Uhlmann, E Donmez, MA Knapp, W Hartig, F Wendt, K Moriwaki, T Shore, P Schmitt, R Brecher, C Wurz, T Wegener, K AF Mayr, Josef Jedrzejewski, Jerzy Uhlmann, Eckart Donmez, M. Alkan Knapp, Wolfgang Haertig, Frank Wendt, Klaus Moriwaki, Toshimichi Shore, Paul Schmitt, Robert Brecher, Christian Wuerz, Timo Wegener, Konrad TI Thermal issues in machine tools SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd General Assembly of CIRP CY AUG 19-25, 2012 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Machine tool; Thermal error; Compensation ID HIGH-SPEED SPINDLES; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; ERROR COMPENSATION; THERMOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; BALL BAR; PART II; DEFORMATION; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; NETWORK AB This paper presents a review of the latest research activities and gives an overview of the state of the art in understanding changes in machine tool performance due to changes in thermal conditions (thermal errors of machine tools). The topics are focused on metal cutting machine tools, especially on turning and milling machines as well as machining centres. The topics of the paper thermal issues in machine tools include measurement of temperatures and displacements, especially displacements at the tool centre point, computations of thermal errors of machine tools, and reduction of thermal errors. Computing the thermal errors of machine tools include both, temperature distribution and displacements. Shortly addressed is also to avoid thermal errors with temperature control, the influence of fluids and a short link to energy efficiency of machine tools. The paper presents the summary of research work in the past and current. Research challenges in order to achieve a thermal stable machine tool are discussed. The paper apprehend itself as an update and not a substitution of two published keynote papers of Bryan et al. [28] in 1990 and Weck et al. [199] in 1995. (C) 2012 CIRP. C1 [Mayr, Josef; Knapp, Wolfgang; Wegener, Konrad] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Mayr, Josef] MCI, Innsbruck, Austria. [Jedrzejewski, Jerzy] Wroclaw Univ Technol, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Uhlmann, Eckart] TU Berlin, Inst Machine Tools & Factory Management IWF, Berlin, Germany. [Donmez, M. Alkan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haertig, Frank; Wendt, Klaus] PTB, Braunschweig, Germany. [Moriwaki, Toshimichi] Setsuan Univ, Osaka, Japan. [Shore, Paul] Precis Engn Ctr, Cranfield, Beds, England. [Schmitt, Robert; Brecher, Christian] Lab Machine Tools & Prod Engn WZL, Aachen, Germany. [Wuerz, Timo] Verband Deutsch Maschinen & Anlagenbau eV VDMA, Frankfurt, Germany. RP Knapp, W (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. EM ingbuero.knapp@bluewin.ch NR 205 TC 97 Z9 110 U1 12 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-8506 EI 1726-0604 J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 2 BP 771 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.cirp.2012.05.008 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 010GI UT WOS:000309082300009 ER PT J AU Dunn, RJH Willett, KM Thorne, PW Woolley, EV Durre, I Dai, A Parker, DE Vose, RS AF Dunn, R. J. H. Willett, K. M. Thorne, P. W. Woolley, E. V. Durre, I. Dai, A. Parker, D. E. Vose, R. S. TI HadISD: a quality-controlled global synoptic report database for selected variables at long-term stations from 1973-2011 SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID THUNDERSTORM FREQUENCIES; SURFACE HUMIDITY; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION AB This paper describes the creation of HadISD: an automatically quality-controlled synoptic resolution dataset of temperature, dewpoint temperature, sea-level pressure, wind speed, wind direction and cloud cover from global weather stations for 1973-2011. The full dataset consists of over 6000 stations, with 3427 long-term stations deemed to have sufficient sampling and quality for climate applications requiring sub-daily resolution. As with other surface datasets, coverage is heavily skewed towards Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. The dataset is constructed from a large pre-existing ASCII flatfile data bank that represents over a decade of substantial effort at data retrieval, reformatting and provision. These raw data have had varying levels of quality control applied to them by individual data providers. The work proceeded in several steps: merging stations with multiple reporting identifiers; reformatting to netCDF; quality control; and then filtering to form a final dataset. Particular attention has been paid to maintaining true extreme values where possible within an automated, objective process. Detailed validation has been performed on a subset of global stations and also on UK data using known extreme events to help finalise the QC tests. Further validation was performed on a selection of extreme events world-wide (Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the cold snap in Alaska in 1989 and heat waves in SE Australia in 2009). Some very initial analyses are performed to illustrate some of the types of problems to which the final data could be applied. Although the filtering has removed the poorest station records, no attempt has been made to homogenise the data thus far, due to the complexity of retaining the true distribution of high-resolution data when applying adjustments. Hence non-climatic, time-varying errors may still exist in many of the individual station records and care is needed in inferring long-term trends from these data. This dataset will allow the study of high frequency variations of temperature, pressure and humidity on a global basis over the last four decades. Both individual extremes and the overall population of extreme events could be investigated in detail to allow for comparison with past and projected climate. A version-control system has been constructed for this dataset to allow for the clear documentation of any updates and corrections in the future. C1 [Dunn, R. J. H.; Willett, K. M.; Parker, D. E.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Thorne, P. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Thorne, P. W.; Durre, I.; Vose, R. S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Dai, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Woolley, E. V.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. RP Dunn, RJH (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM robert.dunn@metoffice.gov.uK RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Dai, Aiguo/D-3487-2009; Dunn, Robert/O-5910-2016 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Dunn, Robert/0000-0003-2469-5989 FU DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101]; NCDC; Met Office PHEATS; US National Science Foundation FX The Met Office Hadley Centre authors were supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Much of P. W. Thorne's early effort was supported by NCDC, and the Met Office PHEATS contract. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. E. V. Woolley undertook work as part of the Met Office summer student placement scheme whilst an undergraduate at Exeter University. We thank Peter Olsson (AEFF, UAA) for assistance. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1649 EP 1679 DI 10.5194/cp-8-1649-2012 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BU UT WOS:000310470600019 ER PT J AU Brioude, J Angevine, WM McKeen, SA Hsie, EY AF Brioude, J. Angevine, W. M. McKeen, S. A. Hsie, E. -Y. TI Numerical uncertainty at mesoscale in a Lagrangian model in complex terrain SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID STILT MODEL AB Recently, it has been shown that mass conservation in Lagrangian models is improved by using time-average winds out of Eulerian models. In this study, we evaluate the mass conservation and trajectory uncertainties in complex terrain at mesoscale using the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model coupled with the WRF mesoscale model. The specific form of vertical wind used is found to have a large effect. Time average wind with time average sigma dot (sigma) over dot, instantaneous wind with geometric cartesian vertical wind (w) and instantaneous wind with (sigma) over dot are used to simulate mixing ratios of a passive tracer in forward and backward runs using different time interval outputs and horizontal resolutions in California. Mass conservation in the FLEXPART model was not an issue when using time-average wind or instantaneous wind with w. However, mass was poorly conserved using instantaneous wind with w, with a typical variation of 25% within 24 h. Uncertainties in surface residence time (a backtrajectory product commonly used in source receptor studies or inverse modeling) calculated for each backtrajectory run were also analyzed. The smallest uncertainties were systematically found when using time-average wind. Uncertainties using instantaneous wind with (sigma) over dot were slightly larger, as long as the time interval of output was sufficiently small. The largest uncertainties were found when using instantaneous wind with w. Those uncertainties were found to be linearly correlated with the local average gradient of orography. Differences in uncertainty were much smaller when trajectories were calculated over flat terrain. For a typical run at mesoscale in complex terrain, 4 km horizontal resolution and 1 h time interval output, the average uncertainty and bias in surface residence time is, respectively, 8.4% and -2.5% using time-average wind, and 13% and -3.7% using instantaneous wind with. (sigma) over dot in complex terrain. The corresponding values for instantaneous wind with cartesian w were 24% and -11%. While the use of time-average wind systematically improves uncertainty in FLEXPART, the improvements are small, and therfore a systematic use of time-average wind in Lagrangian models is not necessarily required. Use of cartesian vertical wind in complex terrain, however, should be avoided. C1 [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; McKeen, S. A.; Hsie, E. -Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; McKeen, S. A.; Hsie, E. -Y.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1127 EP 1136 DI 10.5194/gmd-5-1127-2012 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 029CE UT WOS:000310471600005 ER PT J AU Bentlage, B Lewis, C AF Bentlage, Bastian Lewis, Cheryl TI An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE box jellyfish; Cubomedusae; Hikurage; taxonomy; nomenclature; taxonomic key ID LIFE-CYCLE; SIVICKISI CNIDARIA; REPRODUCTION; MORPHOLOGY; AUSTRALIA; EVOLUTION; LINNAEUS; BEHAVIOR; ANATOMY AB Box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) have a profound impact on human activities because of their highly potent venoms that may lead to severe envenomations in humans. Cubozoa is one of the smallest classes within Cnidaria with only some 50 described species in seven families. The literature on Cubozoa is scattered and oftentimes difficult to access. In particular, comprehensive treatments of Cubozoa that present a comparative overview of the group are either non-existent or largely outdated. Here we provide a synopsis of the carybdeid Cubozoa (Carybdeida) including an illustrated key to the families and genera of this order. Of particular interest is the family Carukiidae, which contains the species that was originally attributed with causing a severe envenomation syndrome called Irukandji syndrome. One new species of Carukiidae, Malo filipina sp. nov., is described, Morbakka virulenta is redescribed and a neotype is designated, and an unidentified species of Morbakka is recorded from the Philippines. C1 [Bentlage, Bastian] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian; Lewis, Cheryl] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bentlage, B (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM bastian.bentlage@gmail.com FU PADI foundation; Smithsonian Institution; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0910237]; NSF [EF-053179]; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Kansas FX Numerous people have contributed to our studies over the years by providing assistance in the field, during museum visits or through critical discussions. We are particularly grateful to Masato Kawahara for collecting the specimens used for the redescription of Morbakka virulenta and sharing his knowledge on the cubozoans of Japan with us. Tara H. Lynn prepared, photographed and measured nematocysts of the species described in this manuscript. We wish to thank Hermes Mianzan, Jennifer Purcell, Dale Calder and Antonio Marques who helped to improve this manuscript with their valuable comments. We would also like to acknowledge the excellent resources and staff of the Smithsonian Library at the NMNH. This work was funded through a PADI foundation grant, a Smithsonian Institution pre-doctoral fellowship to BB, US National Science Foundation (NSF) Doctoral Dissertation Improvement grant DEB 0910237, and NSF Assembling the Tree of Life grant EF-053179. The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Kansas provided generous financial assistance to support BB's attendance of the Third Jellyfish Blooms Symposium in Mar del Plata, Argentina, during which our research on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Cubozoa was presented and the idea to prepare a key and synopsis of the Carybdeida was conceived. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 41-42 BP 2595 EP 2620 DI 10.1080/00222933.2012.717645 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037ZL UT WOS:000311144900007 ER PT J AU Kralj, JG Arya, C Tona, A Forbes, TP Munson, MS Sorbara, L Srivastava, S Forry, SP AF Kralj, Jason G. Arya, Chandamany Tona, Alessandro Forbes, Thomas P. Munson, Matthew S. Sorbara, Lynn Srivastava, Sudhir Forry, Samuel P. TI A simple packed bed device for antibody labelled rare cell capture from whole blood SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELLS; MICROFLUIDICS; AMPLIFICATION; ENUMERATION AB We have developed a system to isolate rare cells from whole blood using commercially available components and simple microfluidics. We characterized the capture of MCF-7 cells spiked into whole human blood using this system to demonstrate that enrichment and enumeration studies give results similar to in situ surface-modified devices while reducing fabrication and operation complexity. C1 [Kralj, Jason G.; Tona, Alessandro; Forbes, Thomas P.; Munson, Matthew S.; Forry, Samuel P.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arya, Chandamany] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sorbara, Lynn; Srivastava, Sudhir] NCI, Early Detect Res Network, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Forry, SP (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.forry@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 4972 EP 4975 DI 10.1039/c2lc41048f PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 035BJ UT WOS:000310916500006 PM 23079718 ER PT J AU Shank, BV Hart, DR Friedland, KD AF Shank, Burton V. Hart, Deborah R. Friedland, Kevin D. TI Post-settlement predation by sea stars and crabs on the sea scallop in the Mid-Atlantic Bight SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Post-settlement predation; Recruitment; Spatial association; Predator-prey dynamics; Placopecten magellanicus; Astropecten sp.; Asterias spp.; Cancer spp. ID BENTHIC MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; ASTERIAS-VULGARIS VERRILL; PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; CANCER-IRRORATUS; GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MODEL SELECTION; RED HERRINGS; PREY AB Year-class strength of benthic invertebrates is generally determined during early life-history stages. However, the contribution of different biotic and abiotic factors to the resulting abundance and spatial distribution of recruits is poorly understood. We infer the effect of post-settlement mortality by benthic invertebrate predators on recruitment of sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus based on an 11 yr time series of survey data from the east coast of the United States. We reconstructed predator densities at different life-history stages for scallops and identified the stages when scallop recruitment dynamics are best explained by predator densities. Based on spatial associations and temporal dynamics, we found evidence that sea stars Astropecten americanus and crabs Cancer spp. are causing localized depletion of sea scallop recruits. Both predator groups appear to be affecting scallop recruitment primarily in the first year post-settlement. The spatial and temporal coherence in predator-prey fluctuations partially ex plains the most dramatic recruitment events in the past 3 decades and suggests that predation on recruits may also limit the geographic distribution of sea scallops in this region. C1 [Shank, Burton V.; Hart, Deborah R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Shank, BV (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM burton.shank@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program FX We thank the crew of the RV 'Albatross IV' and the RV 'Hugh Sharp' and members of the NEFSC Ecosystem Survey Branch for assistance with the collection of the survey data. This study benefitted from comments and discussions with A. Chute, L. Kaufman, R. Leaf, and the members of the NEFSC Ecosystem Assessment Program. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments from L. Jacobson and 3 anonymous reviewers. B. V. S. was supported by a grant from NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 468 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.3354/meps09974 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 036PV UT WOS:000311041900013 ER PT J AU Karnauskas, M Babcock, EA AF Karnauskas, Mandy Babcock, Elizabeth A. TI Comparisons between abundance estimates from underwater visual census and catch-per-unit-effort in a patch reef system SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Commercial fish abundance; Coral reefs; Fisheries management; Sampling method; Spatial autocorrelation; SCUBA survey ID FISH COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; SIZE; HABITATS; DISTANCE; BOTTOM; INDEX; ATOLL; VIDEO; CPUE AB Methods of underwater visual censuses (UVC) and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) are both commonly used to estimate abundance of fish stocks. While each method is subject to certain biases, in theory they should produce related measures of fish abundance for a specific site at a given point in time, for species targeted by both methods. We tested relationships between estimates of abundance and biomass from UVC and experimental hook-and-line CPUE in a spatially complex coral patch reef system. Fishes targeted by the CPUE method were significantly larger than those sampled by UVC. Abundance estimates from UVC and CPUE were significantly correlated when the data were collected simultaneously-and over small spatial scales (<20 m). However, this correlation was reduced when collection of UVC and CPUE data was separated by either time or space. Spatial autocorrelation in the fish community composition was not detected for most species, and abundance estimates were highly variable over time and space. Our results show that differences among monthly sampling periods were responsible for the greatest amount of variability in the data, and we recommend that abundance estimates should be derived from surveys carried out over multiple months to improve accuracy. While the UVC method is useful to detect a wide variety of species, some species are more efficiently assessed using CPUE. Development of cost-effective monitoring programs is crucial to document changes in reef fish populations and support the implementation of management regulations that may prevent further degradation of reef fisheries worldwide. C1 [Karnauskas, Mandy; Babcock, Elizabeth A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Karnauskas, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mandy.karnauskas@noaa.gov RI Babcock, Elizabeth/E-7753-2013 FU Pew Institute for Ocean Science at the University of Miami; University of Miami Graduate Fellowship; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies FX This study was funded by the Pew Institute for Ocean Science at the University of Miami. M.K. was supported by a University of Miami Graduate Fellowship and funding from the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies while completing this work. We acknowledge the Wildlife Conservation Society, B. Huntington, and L. Cherubin for their assistance in completing field work, and J. Walter for helpful discussions on statistical analyses. We also thank R. Nunez for his patience while fishing for many hours at randomly generated sites where there were no fish. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 468 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.3354/meps10007 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 036PV UT WOS:000311041900017 ER PT J AU Pereira, JJ Schultz, ET Auster, PJ AF Pereira, Jose J. Schultz, Eric T. Auster, Peter J. TI Geospatial analysis of habitat use in yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea on Georges Bank SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Spatial autocorrelation; Kriging; Yellowtail flounder; Georges Bank; Habitat ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION REGULATION; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; WINTER FLOUNDER; MARINE FISH; GRAND BANK; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; STOCK AB Three theories of habitat use proposed for marine fishes-the constant density model, the proportional density model, and the basin model-make contrasting predictions of how the geographical range, local density, and fitness change as population size changes. We tested model predictions with survey data on yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea from the Georges Bank region, where abundance changed by a factor of 4 over a decade. Surveys took place in spring and fall, and data on individual length, mass, sex, and reproductive status were available. Analysis of spatial pattern revealed that the overall area occupied by flounder increased by a factor of 2 when abundance was high, and local density increased predominantly in high quality habitat that had been closed to commercial fishing. Condition, which served as a proxy for fitness, was lower in females when abundance was high. Geospatial analysis revealed mesoscale variability in condition, over 10s to > 100 km, except in the spring season during low abundance periods. Spatial autocorrelation explained as much as 25% of the variability in condition, indicating that site dependence was a factor in explaining the spatial distribution that we observed. These results are most supportive of both the constant density model and the basin model. This approach detected an important population center for yellowtail flounder and determined its extent using only measures of abundance, location, and condition of individual fish, data commonly collected during routine fishery assessment surveys. Here we demonstrate that analyses linking population responses to variation in such measures at local spatial scales can have significant implications for identifying areas of important fish habitat and suggest greater use of geospatial approaches in conservation and management of exploited species. C1 [Pereira, Jose J.] NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Schultz, Eric T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Sea Res Fdn Myst Aquarium, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Pereira, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM jose.pereira@noaa.gov OI Schultz, Eric/0000-0003-4086-7883 FU National Marine Sanctuary Foundation; NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries FX We thank William Kramer of the National Marine Fisheries Service laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for providing the data used in this study from the trawl survey database. We also thank Dr. Daniel Civco for helping solve projection problems in ArcGIS. We thank Dr. Peter Turchin, Dr. Robert Colwell, and Dr. Frederick Thurberg for helpful suggestions, both statistical and grammatical, in the preparation of this manuscript. Peter J. Auster was supported by the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation and NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NOAA or its subagencies. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 468 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.3354/meps10035 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 036PV UT WOS:000311041900022 ER PT J AU Simmons, DS Cicerone, MT Zhong, Q Tyagi, M Douglas, JF AF Simmons, David S. Cicerone, Marcus T. Zhong, Qin Tyagi, Madhusudan Douglas, Jack F. TI Generalized localization model of relaxation in glass-forming liquids SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TUNNEL MODEL; FREE-VOLUME; DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION; POLYMERS AB Glassy solidification is characterized by two essential phenomena: localization of the solidifying material's constituent particles and a precipitous increase in its structural relaxation time tau. Determining how these two phenomena relate is key to understanding glass formation. Leporini and coworkers have recently argued that tau universally depends on a localization length-scale < u(2)> (the Debye-Waller factor) in a way that depends only upon the value of < u(2)> at the glass transition. Here we find that this 'universal' model does not accurately describe tau in several simulated and experimental glass-forming materials. We develop a new localization model of solidification, building upon the classical Hall-Wolynes and free volume models of glass formation, that accurately relates tau to < u(2)> in all systems considered. This new relationship is based on a consideration of the anisotropic nature of particle localization. The model also indicates the presence of a particle delocalization transition at high temperatures associated with the onset of glass formation. C1 [Simmons, David S.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Polymer Engn Acad Ctr, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Zhong, Qin; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simmons, DS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Polymer Engn Acad Ctr, 250 S Forge St, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Simmons, David/0000-0002-1436-9269 FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1]; National Research Council National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-doctoral Research Associateship program FX This work was funded in part under NIH/NIBIB Grant R01 EB006398-01A1. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. DSS acknowledges the National Research Council National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-doctoral Research Associateship program for funding. The authors thank Francis Starr for contributing simulation data. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 45 BP 11455 EP 11461 DI 10.1039/c2sm26694f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 033VP UT WOS:000310829800006 PM 23393495 ER PT S AU Lian, ZH Godil, A Rosin, PL Sun, XF AF Lian, Zhouhui Godil, Afzal Rosin, Paul L. Sun, Xianfang GP IEEE TI A New Convexity Measurement for 3D Meshes SO 2012 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION (CVPR) SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) CY JUN 16-21, 2012 CL Providence, RI SP IEEE ID MODEL RETRIEVAL; SHAPE; RECOGNITION; INVARIANT; POLYGONS; RECTANGULARITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; CIRCULARITY; ELLIPTICITY; SIGNATURES AB This paper presents a novel convexity measurement for 3D meshes. The new convexity measure is calculated by minimizing the ratio of the summed area of valid regions in a mesh's six views, which are projected on faces of the bounding box whose edges are parallel to the coordinate axes, to the sum of three orthogonal projected areas of the mesh. The complete definition, theoretical analysis, and a computing algorithm of our convexity measure are explicitly described. This paper also proposes a new 3D shape descriptor CD (i.e., Convexity Distribution) based on the distribution of above-mentioned ratios, which are computed by randomly rotating the mesh around its center, to better describe the object's convexity-related properties compared to existing convexity measurements. Our experiments not only show that the proposed convexity measure corresponds well with human intuition, but also demonstrate the effectiveness of the new convexity measure and the new shape descriptor by significantly improving the performance of other methods in the application of 3D shape retrieval. C1 [Lian, Zhouhui] Peking Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Godil, Afzal] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Rosin, Paul L.; Sun, Xianfang] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Lian, ZH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. OI Sun, Xianfang/0000-0002-6114-0766 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61073084]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China [4122035]; National Hi- Tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China [2012AA012503]; National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China [2012BAH07B01, 2012BAH18B03]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61073084, Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 4122035, National Hi- Tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China under Grant 2012AA012503, National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grants 2012BAH07B01 and 2012BAH18B03, and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4673-1228-8 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2012 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ37 UT WOS:000309166200016 ER PT J AU Fey, DP Hare, JA AF Fey, Dariusz P. Hare, Jonathan A. TI TEMPERATURE AND SOMATIC GROWTH EFFECTS ON OTOLITH GROWTH OF LARVAL ATLANTIC MENHADEN, BREVOORTIA TYRANNUS (ACTINOPTERYGII: CLUPEIFORMES: CLUPEIDAE) SO ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA LA English DT Article DE Brevoortia tyrannus; fish larvae; menhaden; otolith growth; somatic growth ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; BACK-CALCULATION; INCREMENT WIDTH; POMATOMUS SALTATRIX; SIZE RELATIONSHIP; FEEDING HISTORY; NORTH-CAROLINA; FOOD LEVELS; L. LARVAE; FISH AB Background. If a link exists between somatic and otolith growth, otolith size and microstructure analysis can be a useful tool in studies of larval fish growth and condition-methods like growth back-calculation or marginal increment width analysis can be employed. Because significance of that link may vary among species and can be additionally modified by temperature, the aim of the present paper is to evaluate how sagittal otoliths of Atlantic menhaden responded to somatic growth and temperature. Materials and methods. Larval Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802) (age range: 20-120 days; length range: 14-35 mm SL), collected during 3 years were evaluated for length-at-age and groups of the shortest and longest-at-age individuals (8% of sampled population in each group) were used in the analyses. Similarly, otolith size-at-age estimated from sagittae length was evaluated and then compared with the earlier estimated growth indices of larvae. Results. Otolith growth rate (OGR) indicated growth differences among analysed larvae. Additionally, temperature effect on OGR independent of somatic growth was detected for larvae that were short-at-age (i.e., the slow growth group). For the fast grow group, temperature effect on OGR was insignificant. Conclusion. Back-calculation of growth from otoliths of larval and early juvenile Atlantic menhaden is justified but less accurate estimates can be expected for the slowest growing individuals due to the independent temperature effect on otolith growth. C1 [Fey, Dariusz P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Res Inst, Dept Fisheries Oceanog & Marine Ecol, Gdynia, Poland. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Fey, DP (reprint author), Morski Inst Rybacki Panstwowy Inst Badawczy, Zaklad Oceanog Rybackiej & Ekol Morza, Ul Kollataja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland. EM dfey@mir.gdynia.pl RI Fey, Dariusz/B-1962-2013 FU NOAA Beaufort Laboratory; State Committee for Scientific Research [2 PO4F 02332] FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA Beaufort Laboratory. This paper is also a contribution to the State Committee for Scientific Research grant no 2 PO4F 02332. We thank Chris Chambers for his comments on the earlier version of this manuscript. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU WYDAWNICTWO AKAD ROLNICZEJ W SZCZECINIE PI SZCZECIN PA KAZIMIERZA KROLEWICZA 4, SZCZECIN, 71550, POLAND SN 0137-1592 J9 ACTA ICHTHYOL PISCAT JI Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.3750/AIP2011.42.3.05 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 032UB UT WOS:000310743500005 ER PT J AU McKenna, MF Katz, SL Condit, C Walbridge, S AF McKenna, Megan F. Katz, Stephen L. Condit, Christopher Walbridge, Shaun TI Response of Commercial Ships to a Voluntary Speed Reduction Measure: Are Voluntary Strategies Adequate for Mitigating Ship-Strike Risk? SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Automatic Identification System; baleen whales; commercial ship traffic; Local Notices to Mariners; scale mismatch; ship-strike; voluntary conservation ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; CONSERVATION; COLLISIONS; PROBABILITY; ENCOUNTERS; ABUNDANCE; BLUE AB Collisions between ships and whales are an increasing concern for endangered large whale species. After an unusually high number of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) were fatally struck in 2007 off the coast of southern California, federal agencies implemented a voluntary conservation program to reduce the likelihood of ship-strikes in the region. This initiative involved seasonal advisory broadcasts requesting vessel operators to voluntarily slow to 10 knots or less when transiting a 75 nm stretch of designated shipping lanes. We monitored ship adherence with those speed advisories using Automatic Identification System data. Daily average speed of cargo and tanker ships and the average speed of individual ship transits before, during, and after the notices were statistically analyzed for changes related to the notices. Whereas a small number of individual ships (1%) traveled significantly slower during the requested periods, speeds were not at or below the recommended 10 knots, nor were daily average speeds reduced during the notices. Voluntary conservation measures are established in a variety of contexts, and may be preferable to regulatory action; in this case, a request to make voluntary changes appeared largely ineffective. Reducing collision risks for whales in this area will require consideration of the various factors that likely explain the lack of adherence when developing an alternative strategy. C1 [McKenna, Megan F.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [McKenna, Megan F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Katz, Stephen L.] NOAA, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Condit, Christopher] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Walbridge, Shaun] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP McKenna, MF (reprint author), Marine Mammal Commiss, 4340 EW Highway,Suite 700, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM megan.mckenna@gmail.com OI Walbridge, Shaun/0000-0001-6369-8088 FU National Science Foundation through the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) Program FX We thank C. Garsha, E. Roth, M. Roch, M. Franklin, S. Gaines, M. Smith, B. Emery, L. Washburn, and C. Johnson for assistance with our AIS station set-up and data collection. A special thanks to the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary for accommodating the senior author during her internship. The writing and content of the article was greatly improved by suggested edits made by of D. Laist, G. Silber, S. Walsh, N. Tolimieri, and three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by National Science Foundation through the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) Program awarded to the senior author. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 6 BP 634 EP 650 DI 10.1080/08920753.2012.727749 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030UD UT WOS:000310594700005 ER PT J AU McLeod, E Green, A Game, E Anthony, K Cinner, J Heron, SF Kleypas, J Lovelock, CE Pandolfi, JM Pressey, RL Salm, R Schill, S Woodroffe, C AF McLeod, Elizabeth Green, Alison Game, Edward Anthony, Kenneth Cinner, Joshua Heron, Scott F. Kleypas, Joanie Lovelock, Catherine E. Pandolfi, John M. Pressey, Robert L. Salm, Rodney Schill, Steve Woodroffe, Colin TI Integrating Climate and Ocean Change Vulnerability into Conservation Planning SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; conservation planning; increasing sea-surface temperature; marine conservation; marine protected area (MPA); ocean acidification; sea-level rise ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEFS; THERMAL-STRESS; RESERVES; ACIDIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS AB Tropical coastal and marine ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to ocean warming, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise. Yet these projected climate and ocean change impacts are rarely considered in conservation planning due to the lack of guidance on how existing climate and ocean change models, tools, and data can be applied. Here, we address this gap by describing how conservation planning can use available tools and data for assessing the vulnerability of tropical marine ecosystems to key climate threats. Additionally, we identify limitations of existing tools and provide recommendations for future research to improve integration of climate and ocean change information and conservation planning. Such information is critical for developing a conservation response that adequately protects these ecosystems and dependent coastal communities in the face of climate and ocean change. C1 [McLeod, Elizabeth] Nature Conservancy, Austin, TX 78749 USA. [Green, Alison; Game, Edward] Nature Conservancy, W End, Qld, Australia. [Anthony, Kenneth] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Cinner, Joshua; Pressey, Robert L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Kleypas, Joanie] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council Excellence Coral Reef Stud, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Salm, Rodney] Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI USA. [Schill, Steve] Nature Conservancy, Coral Gables, FL USA. [Woodroffe, Colin] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. RP McLeod, E (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 7707 Vail Valley Dr, Austin, TX 78749 USA. EM emcleod@tnc.org RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009; Pressey, Bob/C-8370-2013; Cinner, Joshua/E-8966-2011; Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; Woodroffe, Colin/F-2767-2012; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; Woodroffe, Colin/K-5222-2015; OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694; Pressey, Bob/0000-0003-2740-0330; Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Woodroffe, Colin/0000-0003-4476-6158; Cinner, Joshua/0000-0003-2675-9317 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Sector Applications Research Program (SARP); University of Queensland; Australian Research Council FX This paper was based on outcomes of a workshop held at The University of Queensland. Financial assistance for the workshop was provided by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Sector Applications Research Program (SARP) and the University of Queensland. RLP acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 59 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 6 BP 651 EP 672 DI 10.1080/08920753.2012.728123 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030UD UT WOS:000310594700006 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Weerts, AH Clark, M Franssen, HJH Kumar, S Moradkhani, H Seo, DJ Schwanenberg, D Smith, P van Dijk, AIJM van Velzen, N He, M Lee, H Noh, SJ Rakovec, O Restrepo, P AF Liu, Y. Weerts, A. H. Clark, M. Franssen, H-J Hendricks Kumar, S. Moradkhani, H. Seo, D-J Schwanenberg, D. Smith, P. van Dijk, A. I. J. M. van Velzen, N. He, M. Lee, H. Noh, S. J. Rakovec, O. Restrepo, P. TI Advancing data assimilation in operational hydrologic forecasting: progresses, challenges, and emerging opportunities SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER-PREDICTION; SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVALS; LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; STOCHASTIC HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MODEL; IMPROVING RUNOFF PREDICTION; STATE-PARAMETER ESTIMATION; SNOW-COVER PRODUCTS AB Data assimilation (DA) holds considerable potential for improving hydrologic predictions as demonstrated in numerous research studies. However, advances in hydrologic DA research have not been adequately or timely implemented in operational forecast systems to improve the skill of forecasts for better informed real-world decision making. This is due in part to a lack of mechanisms to properly quantify the uncertainty in observations and forecast models in real-time forecasting situations and to conduct the merging of data and models in a way that is adequately efficient and transparent to operational forecasters. The need for effective DA of useful hydrologic data into the forecast process has become increasingly recognized in recent years. This motivated a hydrologic DA workshop in Delft, the Netherlands in November 2010, which focused on advancing DA in operational hydrologic forecasting and water resources management. As an outcome of the workshop, this paper reviews, in relevant detail, the current status of DA applications in both hydrologic research and operational practices, and discusses the existing or potential hurdles and challenges in transitioning hydrologic DA research into cost-effective operational forecasting tools, as well as the potential pathways and newly emerging opportunities for overcoming these challenges. Several related aspects are discussed, including (1) theoretical or mathematical aspects in DA algorithms, (2) the estimation of different types of uncertainty, (3) new observations and their objective use in hydrologic DA, (4) the use of DA for real-time control of water resources systems, and (5) the development of community-based, generic DA tools for hydrologic applications. It is recommended that cost-effective transition of hydrologic DA from research to operations should be helped by developing community-based, generic modeling and DA tools or frameworks, and through fostering collaborative efforts among hydrologic modellers, DA developers, and operational forecasters. C1 [Liu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Y.; Kumar, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Weerts, A. H.; Schwanenberg, D.] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Clark, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Franssen, H-J Hendricks] Forschungszentrum Julich, Agrosphere IBG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Kumar, S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Moradkhani, H.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Seo, D-J] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Schwanenberg, D.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Hydraul Engn & Water Resources Management, Duisburg, Germany. [Smith, P.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [van Dijk, A. I. J. M.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [van Velzen, N.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [van Velzen, N.] VORtech, Delft, Netherlands. [He, M.; Lee, H.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [He, M.] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lee, H.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Noh, S. J.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Urban & Environm Engn, Kyoto, Japan. [Noh, S. J.] Korea Inst Construct Technol, Water Resources & Environm Res Dept, Goyang Si, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Rakovec, O.] Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Restrepo, P.] Natl Weather Serv, N Cent River Forecast Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yuqiong.liu@nasa.gov RI Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015; Rakovec, Oldrich/N-5512-2015; Moradkhani, Hamid/B-1571-2012; Van Dijk, Albert/B-3106-2011; OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625; Rakovec, Oldrich/0000-0003-2451-3305; Van Dijk, Albert/0000-0002-6508-7480; Noh, Seong Jin/0000-0002-2683-7269 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08AU51G] FX Support for the 2010 data assimilation workshop was provided by the Flood Control 2015 program (http://www.floodcontrol2015.nl), Deltares, and the Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) of the US NWS. This support is greatly appreciated. Additional funding for the first author was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant NNX08AU51G. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution from the workshop participants, which helped to shape some of the ideas presented in the paper. NR 252 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 7 U2 71 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 10 BP 3863 EP 3887 DI 10.5194/hess-16-3863-2012 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 029DF UT WOS:000310474300026 ER PT J AU McGrattan, K McDermott, R Floyd, J Hostikka, S Forney, G Baum, H AF McGrattan, Kevin McDermott, Randall Floyd, Jason Hostikka, Simo Forney, Glenn Baum, Howard TI Computational fluid dynamics modelling of fire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE combustion; fire; large-eddy simulation; low Mach number approximation; lumped species; thermal radiation ID FLOW AB An overview of a methodology for simulating fires and other thermally-driven, low-speed flows is presented. The model employs a number of simplifications of the governing equations that allow for relatively fast simulations of practical fire scenarios. The hydrodynamic model consists of the low Mach number large-eddy simulation subgrid closure with either a constant or dynamic coefficient eddy diffusivity. Combustion is typically treated as a mixing-controlled, single-step reaction of fuel and oxygen. The radiation transport equation is written in terms of a spectrally-averaged grey gas. Applications of the model include the design of fire protection systems in buildings and the reconstruction of actual fires. C1 [McGrattan, Kevin; McDermott, Randall; Forney, Glenn; Baum, Howard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Floyd, Jason] Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hostikka, Simo] VTT Tech Res Ctr, Espoo, Finland. RP McGrattan, K (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kevin.mcgrattan@nist.gov OI Hostikka, Simo/0000-0002-3581-1677 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6-8 SI SI BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1080/10618562.2012.659663 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 030TF UT WOS:000310592300003 ER PT J AU Bingham, FM Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ AF Bingham, F. M. Foltz, G. R. McPhaden, M. J. TI Characteristics of the seasonal cycle of surface layer salinity in the global ocean SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; FRESH-WATER; MIXED-LAYER; SUBTROPICAL UNDERWATER; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; FORMATION RATES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; LABRADOR SEA; SALT BUDGET AB The seasonal variability of surface layer salinity (SLS), evaporation (E), precipitation (P), E-P, advection and vertical entrainment over the global ocean is examined using in situ salinity data, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Climate System Forecast Reanalysis and a number of other ancillary data. Seasonal amplitudes and phases are calculated using harmonic analysis and presented in all areas of the open ocean between 60A degrees S and 60A degrees N. Areas with large amplitude SLS seasonal variations include: the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans; western marginal seas of the Pacific; and the Arabian Sea. The median amplitude in areas that have statistically significant seasonal cycles of SLS is 0.19. Between about 60A degrees S and 60A degrees N, 37% of the ocean surface has a statistically significant seasonal cycle of SLS and 75% has a seasonal cycle of E-P. Phases of SLS have a bimodal distribution, with most areas in the Northern Hemisphere peaking in SLS in March/April and in the Southern Hemisphere in September/October. The seasonal cycle is also estimated for surface freshwater forcing using a mixed-layer depth climatology. With the exception of areas near the western boundaries of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, seasonal variability is dominated by precipitation. Surface freshwater forcing also has a bimodal distribution, with peaks in January and July, 1-2 months before the peaks of SLS. Seasonal amplitudes and phases calculated for horizontal advection show it to be important in the tropical oceans. Vertical entrainment, estimated from mixed-layer heaving, is largest in mid and high latitudes, with a seasonal cycle that peaks in late winter. The amplitudes and phases of SLS and surface fluxes compare well in a qualitative sense, suggesting that much of the variability in SLS is due to E-P. However, the amplitudes of SLS are somewhat different than would be expected and the peak of SLS comes typically about one month earlier than expected. The differences of the amplitudes of the two quantities is largest in such areas as the Amazon River plume, the Arabian Sea, the ITCZ and the eastern equatorial Pacific and Atlantic. C1 [Bingham, F. M.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Foltz, G. R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bingham, FM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM binghamf@uncw.edu RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; FU NASA [NNX09AU70G, NNX11AE83G]; NOAA FX We appreciate the efforts of two anonymous reviewers whose input greatly improved the manuscript. The GOSUD surface data were collected in the framework of national programmes. They are aggregated and made freely available in the frame of the GOSUD Project: http://www.gosud.org. Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national initiatives that contribute to it (http://www.argo.net). Argo is a pilot programme of the Global Ocean Observing System. FMB was supported by NASA under grants NNX09AU70G and NNX11AE83G. MJM was supported by NOAA. PMEL contribution #3776. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 915 EP 929 DI 10.5194/os-8-915-2012 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 029CN UT WOS:000310472500013 ER PT S AU Salemi, S Akturk, A Potbhare, S Lelis, A Goldsman, N AF Salemi, S. Akturk, A. Potbhare, S. Lelis, A. Goldsman, N. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Total Near Interface Trap Density Calculation of 4H-SiC/SiO2 Structures before and after Nitrogen Passivation SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE 4H-SiC/SiO2 transition layer; SiC interface states; nitrogen passivation; DFT; DOS AB We compare the effect of hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus passivation on total near interface trap density and mobility of 4H(0001)-SiC/SiO2 structure. The results show that nitrogen and phosphorus passivation decrease total near interface trap density by pushing the energy levels of interface traps away from the conduction band. The density of states (DOS), including interface states (D-it), are calculated for several 4H(0001)-SiC/SiO2 structures using density functional theory (DFT). C1 [Salemi, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Reliabil Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akturk, A.; Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Potbhare, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lelis, A.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Salemi, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Reliabil Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM shahrzadsalemi@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 457 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.457 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000108 ER PT S AU Yu, LC Fronheiser, J Tilak, V Cheung, KP AF Yu, Liangchun Fronheiser, Jody Tilak, Vinayak Cheung, Kin P. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Frequency-dependent Charge Pumping on 4H-SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE Near-interface oxide defect; MOSFET; Charge pumping; physical depth profile ID INVERSION-LAYERS AB The quality of the SiC/SiO2 interface is critical to the stability and performance of MOS-based SiC power devices. Charge pumping is a flexible interface characterization technique. In this work, a significant portion of the total traps are found to be located in the near-interface oxide using frequency-dependent charge pumping. Oxide trap tunneling mechanisms are discussed, and trap profile as a function of depth is calculated. The trap density is shown to increase exponentially as it gets closer to the interface. C1 [Yu, Liangchun; Fronheiser, Jody; Tilak, Vinayak] GE Global Res, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Yu, Liangchun; Cheung, Kin P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, LC (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM liangchun.yu@ge.com; fronheis@ge.com; tilak@research.ge.com; kin.cheung@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce [60NANB10D019] FX This report was prepared with the support of the U.S. Department of Commerce under Award No. 60NANB10D019. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions or other recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Commerce Dept. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 793 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.793 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000188 ER PT S AU Hobart, KD Imhoff, EA Kub, FJ Hefner, AR Duong, TH Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM Ryu, SH Grider, D Leslie, S Sherbondy, J Ray, B AF Hobart, K. D. Imhoff, E. A. Kub, F. J. Hefner, A. R., Jr. Duong, T. H. Ortiz-Rodriguez, J. M. Ryu, S. -H. Grider, D. Leslie, S. Sherbondy, J. Ray, B. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Performance of Hybrid 4.5 kV SiC JBS Freewheeling Diode and Si IGBT SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE JBS diode; Schottky diode; IGBT; freewheeling diode AB The performance of Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes developed for medium voltage hard-switched Naval power conversion is reported. Nominally 60 A, 4.5kV rated JBS freewheeling diodes were paired with similarly rated Si IGBTs and evaluated for temperature dependent static and dynamic characteristics as well as HTRB and surge capability. The SiC JBS/Si IGBT pair was also directly compared to Si PiN diode/Si IGBT with similar ratings. Compared to Si, the SiC freewheeling diode produced over twenty times lower reverse recovery charge leading to approximately a factor-of-four-reduction in turn-on loss. Alternatively, for equivalent total switching loss, the SiC JBS/Si IGBT hybrid configuration allows for at least a 50% increase in specific switched power density. Reliability testing showed the devices to be robust with zero failures. C1 [Hobart, K. D.; Imhoff, E. A.; Kub, F. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hefner, A. R., Jr.; Duong, T. H.; Ortiz-Rodriguez, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ryu, S. -H.; Grider, D.] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Leslie, S.; Sherbondy, J.] Powerex Inc, Youngwood, PA 15697 USA. [Ray, B.] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karl.hobart@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 941 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.941 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000224 ER PT S AU Das, M Grider, D Leslie, S Raju, R Schutten, M Hefner, A AF Das, Mrinal Grider, David Leslie, Scott Raju, Ravi Schutten, Michael Hefner, Allen BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI 10 kV SiC Power MOSFETs and JBS Diodes: Enabling Revolutionary Module and Power Conversion Technologies SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE MOSFET; JBS Diode; Power Module; SSPS AB The majority carrier domain of power semiconductor devices has been extended to 10 kV with the advent of SiC MOSFETs and Schottky diodes. Twenty-four MOSFETs and twelve JBS diodes have been assembled in a 10 kV half H-bridge power module to increase the current handling capability to 120 A per switch without compromising the die-level characteristics. For the first time, a custom designed system (13.8 kV to 465/43 V solid state power substation) has been successfully demonstrated with these state of the art SiC modules up to 855 kVA operation and 97% efficiency. Soft-switching at 20 kHz, the SiC enabled SSPS represents a 70% reduction in weight and 50% reduction in size when compared to a 60 Hz conventional, analog transformer. C1 [Das, Mrinal; Grider, David] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Leslie, Scott] Powerex Inc, Youngwood, PA 15697 USA. [Hefner, Allen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raju, Ravi; Schutten, Michael] GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Das, M (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM mrinal_das@cree.com FU DARPA [# N00014-05-C-0202] FX This work was supported by DARPA contract # N00014-05-C-0202, monitored by Sharon Beerman-Curtin and Terry Ericsen. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1225 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1225 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000293 ER PT S AU Thirumalai, RVKG Krishnan, B Levin, I Davydov, AV Sundaresan, S Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Krishnan, Bharat Levin, Igor Davydov, Albert V. Sundaresan, Siddarth Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Growth of SiC Nanowires on Different Planes of 4H-SiC Substrates SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE nanowires; epitaxial growth; CVD; chemical vapor deposition ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES AB Growth of SiC nanowires (NWs) on monocrystalline 4H-SiC substrates was conducted to investigate a possibility of NW alignment and polytype control. The growth directions of the NWs on the top surfaces and the vertical sidewalls of 4H-SiC mesas having different crystallographic orientations were investigated. The majority of the NWs crystallize in the 3C polytype with the < 111 > growth axis. Six orientations of the 3C < 111 > NWs axis with respect to the substrate were obtained simultaneously when growing on the (0001) plane. In contrast, no more than two NW axis orientations coexisted when growing on a particular mesa sidewall. Growth on a particular {10-10} plane resulted in only one NW axis orientation, giving well-aligned NWs. C1 [Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Levin, Igor; Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sundaresan, Siddarth] GeneSiC Semicond Inc, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rk219@msstate.edu; bharat.kris@gmail.com; igor.levin@nist.gov; albert.davydov@nist.gov; sid@genesicsemi.com; Joseph.Merrett@wpafb.af.mil; ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1279 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1279 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000306 ER PT J AU Zan, GH Tan, CM Deserno, M Lanni, F Losche, M AF Zan, Goh Haw Tan, Cheemeng Deserno, Markus Lanni, Frederick Loesche, Mathias TI Hemifusion of giant unilamellar vesicles with planar hydrophobic surfaces: a fluorescence microscopy study SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; SUPPORTED PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; ION CHANNELS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; FUSION AB Vesicle adhesion and fusion to interfaces are frequently used for the construction of biomimetic surfaces in biosensors and drug delivery. Ubiquitous in cell biology, vesicle fusion involves the transformation of two separate membranes into one contiguous lipid bilayer. In distinction, the deposition of vesicle membranes to hydrophobic surfaces requires the transformation of a lipidic bilayer into a monomolecular layer - a topologically distinct process termed hemifusion. Here, we used hydrophobically terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on solid surfaces to track the hemifusion of fluorescently labeled giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) at the single vesicle level with video time resolution (approximate to 53 ms). We observed that a dilute monolayer, consisting of lipid extracted from the outer GUV leaflet, spreads outward across the hydrophobic surface from the vesicle adhesion site. Subsequently, bilayer hemifusion occurs by vesicle rupture near the hydrophobic surface, followed by spreading of lipid in a dense monolayer. GUV lipids thus transfer to the SAM surface in two concentric zones: an outer hemifusion zone comprises lipids drawn from the outer GUV leaflet and an inner hemifusion zone comprises lipids from both the inner and outer GUV leaflets and grows at a rate of approximate to 1000 mu m(2) s(-1) (dA/dt = 970 +/- 430 mm(2) s(-1) in n = 22 independent experiments). This growth rate is quantitatively consistent with the assumption that the spreading of the monolayer is entirely driven by the difference in surface energies of the hydrophobic and the lipid-covered SAM surfaces, which is dissipated by friction of the spreading monolayer on the SAM. Lipid transfer between the inner and outer GUV leaflets occurs via a hemifusion pore that forms early in the process near the membrane contact site. This pore also permits expulsion of water from the GUV interior as the vesicle contracts onto the contact site. C1 [Zan, Goh Haw; Deserno, Markus; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Tan, Cheemeng] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ray & Stephanie Lane Ctr Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lanni, Frederick] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Deserno, Markus/P-1699-2014; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Deserno, Markus/0000-0001-5692-1595; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU National Institute of Aging [1 P01 AG032131]; National Science Foundation [CMMI 0941690]; Lane fellowship FX We thank Siddharth Shenoy for assistance with the fluorescence microscopy experiments. This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Aging (1 P01 AG032131), the National Science Foundation (CMMI 0941690) and the Lane fellowship (CT). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 42 BP 10877 EP 10886 DI 10.1039/c2sm25702e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 033VL UT WOS:000310829400011 PM 25383087 ER PT J AU Walters, AW Holzer, DM Faulkner, JR Warren, CD Murphy, PD McClure, MM AF Walters, Annika W. Holzer, Damon M. Faulkner, James R. Warren, Charles D. Murphy, Patrick D. McClure, Michelle M. TI Quantifying Cumulative Entrainment Effects for Chinook Salmon in a Heavily Irrigated Watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH ENTRAINMENT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MARKED ANIMALS; 2-VECTOR FLOWS; RIVER; RESTORATION; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; CANALS; CONSERVATION AB Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. experience multiple small-scale disturbances throughout their freshwater habitat, but the cumulative effect of these disturbances is often not known or not easily quantifiable. One such disturbance is water diversions, which can entrain fish and alter streamflow regimes. Threatened Lemhi River (Idaho) Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha smolts encounter 41-71 water diversions during their out-migration. We used passive integrated transponder tag data to model the entrainment rate of Chinook salmon smolts as a function of the proportion of water removed by an irrigation diversion. Under median-streamflow conditions with unscreened diversions, the estimated cumulative effect of the diversions was a loss of 71.1% of out-migrating smolts due to entrainment. This is a large potential source of mortality, but screening is an effective mitigation strategy, as estimated mortality was reduced to 1.9% when all diversions were screened. If resources are limited, targeting the diversions that remove a large amount of water and diversions in locations with high fish encounter rates is most effective. Our modeling approach could be used to quantify the entrainment effects of water diversions and set screening priorities for other watersheds. C1 [Walters, Annika W.; Holzer, Damon M.; Faulkner, James R.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Warren, Charles D.; Murphy, Patrick D.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Anadromous Fish Screen Program, Salmon, ID 83467 USA. [McClure, Michelle M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Walters, AW (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM annika.walters@uwyo.edu RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 FU National Research Council FX We thank Michael Ciscell and Morgan Case (IDWR) for providing the water rights GIS layers and guidance on how to analyze them; we also thank Bryan Nordlund, Paul McElhany, Al Zale, Tim Grabowski, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. A.W.W. was supported by a National Research Council research associateship. The use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1180 EP 1190 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.679019 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700002 ER PT J AU Renkawitz, MD Sheehan, TF Goulette, GS AF Renkawitz, Mark D. Sheehan, Timothy F. Goulette, Graham S. TI Swimming Depth, Behavior, and Survival of Atlantic Salmon Postsmolts in Penobscot Bay, Maine SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MARINE-PHASE ATLANTIC; SALAR POST-SMOLTS; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; SEAWARD MIGRATION; ESTUARINE MIGRATION; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; COASTAL MIGRATION; RIVER ESTUARY; SEA-TROUT; WILD AB To gain information on postsmolt dynamics of emigrating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar through Penobscot Estuary and Penobscot Bay, Maine, we conducted a telemetry experiment in 2005. We implanted 26 salmon smolts with ultrasonic depth tags, and monitored movement activity and fish passage with linear detection arrays through 44.2 km of the estuary and 45.5 km of the bay. During daylight in the bay, greater than 95% of the detections occurred in water depths of 5 m or less, but depths to 37 m were recorded. At night, 99% of the detections were in the top 5 m of the water column and maximum depth was 9 m. Overall survival was 39% and was highest for smaller fish and those released earlier in the smolt run, when river discharge was greater. Rapid emigration (i.e., approximately 1 km/h) and preferential surface orientation improved survival. These results verify that postsmolts are primarily surface oriented in the waters of Penobscot Bay and that they may experience high rates of nearshore mortality despite their short residence time. Detailed emigration and behavioral data such as these allow scientists and managers to delineate areas of high mortality to develop strategies that improve survival, and provide marine spatial planners information to minimize impacts of coastal zone development. C1 [Renkawitz, Mark D.; Sheehan, Timothy F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Goulette, Graham S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Renkawitz, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mark.renkawitz@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1219 EP 1229 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.688916 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700005 ER PT J AU Warren, DR McClure, MM AF Warren, Dana R. McClure, Michelle M. TI Quantifying Salmon-Derived Nutrient Loads from the Mortality of Hatchery-Origin Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Snake River Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; SPAWNING SALMON; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS; CALIFORNIA STREAMS; CARCASS ADDITION; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Hatchery supplementation of anadromous salmon is extensive across the Pacific Northwest region with millions of juvenile salmon stocked annually. The influence of hatchery-origin fish as prey items in recipient ecosystems has been explored, but influences of these fish on broader stream nutrient dynamics has not been well-studied. Salmon-derived nutrients (SDN) associated with the mortality of adult anadromous salmon provide key subsidies to freshwater habitats. While a number of studies have estimated current and historic SDN loading from returning wild salmon, SDN contributions from the mortality of hatchery-origin juveniles (many of which die in the stream prior to emigration) remains largely unknown. We conducted a mass balance analysis of SDN input and export via hatchery activities (stocking and broodstock collection) in the Snake River watershed. Using Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha as a model species, we accounted for yearly SDN input (via hatchery-origin juvenile fish mortality) and export (via broodstock collections and presmolt growth) over 6 years (20022007) in the portion of the Snake River upstream from Lower Granite Dam accessible to anadromous fish. In the year with highest smolt mortality (2003), hatchery-origin smolt mortality provided a net input of SDN equivalent to approximately 8,100 returning adults. In the year with lowest smolt mortality (2004), hatchery activities collectively yielded a net loss of nutrients. Although the mass of SDN from hatchery-origin smolts may be presented in adult equivalencies, functional influences of SDN from hatchery smolt mortality are likely to differ. Salmon-derived nutrients from hatcheries enter food webs through largely piscivorous pathways whereas SDN from adult carcasses enter food webs through multiple pathways at multiple trophic levels. The SDN from hatchery-origin smolts probably influence different components of the food web more than do adult carcasses and have the potential to more directly affect predator populations. C1 [Warren, Dana R.; McClure, Michelle M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Warren, DR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dana.warren@oregonstate.edu RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 FU National Research Council's Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX D.R.W. and M. M. M. conceived of this idea together. Initial analysis and writing were conducted by D. R. W. with substantial input and revision on all aspects of the paper provided by M. M. M. We thank John Baily, Neil Bettez, Chris Caudill, Robbins Church, Laura Cowger, Ann Gannam, Damon Holzer, Jeff Jorgensen, Matt Keefer, Greg Kovalchuck, Kate Macneale, Doug Marsh, David Noakes, Julie Pett-Ridge, Mike Rust, Mark Scheuerell, Keith Nislow, and two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable input and important information for this project. Funding was provided by the National Research Council's Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program and The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This work does not reflect the official views of NOAA or any other agency or funding source. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1294 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.686950 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700012 ER PT J AU Johnson, CL Roni, P Pess, GR AF Johnson, Christopher L. Roni, Philip Pess, George R. TI Parental Effect as a Primary Factor Limiting Egg-to-Fry Survival of Spring Chinook Salmon in the Upper Yakima River Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; 1ST-GENERATION HATCHERY; PACIFIC SALMON; FINE-SEDIMENT; SPAWNING-HABITAT; ARTIFICIAL STREAM; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; BREEDING SUCCESS; BURIAL DEPTHS AB Few field estimates of egg-to-fry survival of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exist, although it is one of the major factors thought to limit freshwater production and recovery of Chinook salmon populations. This is likely due to the challenges of estimating survival at this life stage, which is further complicated by the variety of methods that have been employed. Our study objectives were to (1) develop a method by which spring Chinook salmon egg-to-fry survival could be estimated at a large spatial scale, and (2) investigate the primary factors affecting survival in the natural environment. We conducted a field experiment using 81 artificial redds to test our proposed method for evaluating egg-to-fry survival at a basin scale and to evaluate the effects of parentage (adult mating), river reach, and fine sediment infiltration on survival in the upper Yakima River basin, Washington. Egg-to-fry survival and preemergent Chinook salmon fry developmental stage were significantly different among matings, but were not detectably different among reaches. Fine sediment accumulation in egg boxes from artificial redds was largely below published threshold levels, explained less than 6% of the variation in survival, and was not correlated with developmental stage. In contrast, survival of individual matings in the natural environment and those same matings incubated under controlled hatchery conditions were highly correlated. Our study suggests that in years of low scour and potentially ideal incubation conditions, parental effects play an important role in determining in situ egg-to-fry survival, and that extensive replication and tracking of gamete viability is needed to separate parental effects from environmental factors affecting survival. We provide standardized methods for collecting egg-to-fry survival data and outline a number of potential biases that should be addressed in future research. C1 [Johnson, Christopher L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Roni, Philip; Pess, George R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Watershed Program, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Johnson, CL (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM johnsclj@dfw.wa.gov FU NOAA FX We would like to thank the many people that helped to make this study possible: Anthony Fritts, Todd Pearsons, Mike Tonseth, Andrew Murdoch, David Sear, Dave Fast, Andrew Dittman, Ryan Klett, and Bill Bosch provided essential input through the inception and development of the study, provided helpful comments through review of the initial manuscript, or both; Gabriel Stotz, Trenton De Boer, Danielle Sevold, Krystal Rodriguez, Gabriel Temple, Nick Mankus, Nicole Stokes, Tim Webster, Zack Mays, Trenton De Boer, Tanya Lamb, Clint Deason, and Diana Dechand contributed greatly in the field. We also thank Steve Schroder, Curt Knudsen, Chad Stockton, Matt Sizer, Ben Backstrom, Charlie Strom, and the CESRF staff for their help at the CESRF. Administrative, editing, and field support were provided by Molly Kelley and Bryan Bachman-Rhodes. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1309 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.690815 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700013 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP David, SR Pothoven, SA AF Madenjian, Charles P. David, Solomon R. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Effects of Activity and Energy Budget Balancing Algorithm on Laboratory Performance of a Fish Bioenergetics Model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN ALEWIVES; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; YELLOW PERCH; CONSUMPTION; TROUT; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB We evaluated the performance of the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush that were fed ad libitum in laboratory tanks under regimes of low activity and high activity. In addition, we compared model performance under two different model algorithms: (1) balancing the lake trout energy budget on day t based on lake trout energy density on day t and (2) balancing the lake trout energy budget on day t based on lake trout energy density on day t + 1. Results indicated that the model significantly underestimated consumption for both inactive and active lake trout when algorithm 1 was used and that the degree of underestimation was similar for the two activity levels. In contrast, model performance substantially improved when using algorithm 2, as no detectable bias was found in model predictions of consumption for inactive fish and only a slight degree of overestimation was detected for active fish. The energy budget was accurately balanced by using algorithm 2 but not by using algorithm 1. Based on the results of this study, we recommend the use of algorithm 2 to estimate food consumption by fish in the field. Our study results highlight the importance of accurately accounting for changes in fish energy density when balancing the energy budget; furthermore, these results have implications for the science of evaluating fish bioenergetics model performance and for more accurate estimation of food consumption by fish in the field when fish energy density undergoes relatively rapid changes. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [David, Solomon R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX Linda Begnoche, Steven Farha, Kevin Keeler, Melissa Kostich, Justin Londer, and Lynn Ogilvie are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance with running the laboratory experiment. Steven Constant measured flow rates in the laboratory tanks. The Sullivan Creek National Fish Hatchery (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service) provided the lake trout used in our laboratory experiment. We thank Yu-Chun Kao for his work in revising the bioenergetics model software package. James Breck and Steven Hewett reviewed the manuscript and provided helpful suggestions for its improvement. This work was funded by a research grant awarded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to C. P. M. This article is Contribution 1692 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and is Contribution 1628 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1328 EP 1337 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.692346 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700015 ER PT J AU Csaba, G Pufall, M Rippard, W Porod, W AF Csaba, Gyoergy Pufall, Matt Rippard, William Porod, Wolfgang GP IEEE TI Modeling of Coupled Spin Torque Oscillators for Applications in Associative Memories SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE Oscillatory associative memories; oscillatory neural networks; spin torque oscillators AB This paper presents micromagnetic and circuit-level models describing the behavior of spin-torque oscillators (STOs). We demonstrate micromagnetic models that are in good agreement with experimental models for both individual and interconnected STOs and show that one can construct compact models based on the macrospin-approximation that match well with a full micromagnetic description. We study synchronization phenomena in various STOs, which are interconnected electrically or magnetically. The presented models can be used for studying complex networks of interconnected STOs. These networks may serve as hardware for oscillatory associative memories. C1 [Csaba, Gyoergy; Porod, Wolfgang] Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Nano Sci & Technol NDnano, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Pufall, Matt; Rippard, William] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Csaba, G (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Nano Sci & Technol NDnano, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Csaba, Gyorgy/O-9720-2015 OI Csaba, Gyorgy/0000-0001-7592-0256 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900315 ER PT J AU Deng, Z Smolyanitsky, A Li, QY Feng, XQ Cannara, RJ AF Deng, Zhao Smolyanitsky, Alex Li, Qunyang Feng, Xi-Qiao Cannara, Rachel J. GP IEEE TI Toward a Probe-Based Method for Determining Exfoliation Energies of Lamellar Materials SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) AB We discuss a potential new measurement application based on nanotribological measurements and simulations of the model lamellar material graphite. While frictional forces always oppose motion, we have observed that friction increases with decreasing load on aged graphite using atomic force microscopy (AFM). This results in an effectively negative nanoscale coefficient of friction. The magnitude of the friction coefficient increases with tip-sample adhesion. Through molecular dynamics and finite element simulations, we have demonstrated that the negative coefficient arises from an increase in out-of-plane deformability of the top layer of graphite with lifting, and is not a result of a variation in atomic corrugation or other material property. Viscoelastic waves which dissipate energy during sliding are more easily generated in the top layer of graphite when it is partially (and reversibly) exfoliated by the AFM tip. As a consequence, the magnitude of the negative friction coefficient is determined by the ratio of the work of adhesion to the exfoliation energy, providing a potential pathway toward the use of friction force microscopy for straightforward determination of the exfoliation energies of lamellar materials. C1 [Deng, Zhao; Cannara, Rachel J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smolyanitsky, Alex] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Li, Qunyang; Feng, Xi-Qiao] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Aerosp, Dept Engn Mech,Ctr Nano & Micro Mech, Appl Mech Lab, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Cannara, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zhao.deng@nist.gov; alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov; qunyang@tsinghua.edu.cn; fengxq@tsinghua.edu.cn; rachel.cannara@nist.gov RI Li, Qunyang/A-2368-2011 OI Li, Qunyang/0000-0002-6865-3863 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900068 ER PT J AU Kang, MG Lezec, H Kallaher, RL Sharifi, F AF Kang, M. -G. Lezec, H. Kallaher, R. L. Sharifi, F. GP IEEE TI Field Emission from Nanoporous Silicon Carbide SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ARRAYS; CATHODES; EMITTERS AB A new type of cold cathode field emission electron source capable of emission at levels comparable to thermal sources is described. The emitter is a unique structure, comprised of a monolithic and rigid porous semiconductor nanostructure with homogenously distributed emission sites, and is fabricated through a room temperature process which allows for control of emission properties. These electron sources potentially enable breakthroughs in several critical technologies, including microwave electronics and x-ray imaging. C1 [Lezec, H.; Kallaher, R. L.; Sharifi, F.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kang, M. -G.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sharifi, F (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fred.sharifi@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900067 ER PT J AU Obeng, YS Okoro, CA Kopanski, JJ AF Obeng, Yaw S. Okoro, Chukwudi A. Kopanski, Joseph J. GP IEEE TI Metrology for Nanosystems and Nanoelectronics Reliability Assessments SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE CBCM; charge based capacitance measurement; interconnects; metrology techniques; nanoelectronics; reliability; three-dimensional integrated circuits; through silicon vias; TSVs ID PASSIVATION DIELECTRICS AB The traditional models and techniques for studying reliability in integrated circuits may not be appropriate for nanoelectronics and nanosystems. In this paper, we present an overview of a number of materials and metrology techniques currently under development in our group at NIST. Among other topics, we will assess the techniques and models currently used for evaluating integrated circuit reliability, as well as present some new approaches. C1 [Obeng, Yaw S.; Okoro, Chukwudi A.; Kopanski, Joseph J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obeng, YS (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yaw.Obeng@.nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900001 ER PT J AU Vollebregt, S Chiaramonti, AN Ishihara, R Schellevis, H Beenakker, K AF Vollebregt, Sten Chiaramonti, Ann N. Ishihara, Ryoichi Schellevis, Hugo Beenakker, Kees GP IEEE TI Contact resistance of low-temperature carbon nanotube vertical interconnects SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) ID RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE AB The electrical contact resistance and length dependant resistance of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) grown at 500 degrees C with high tube density (10(11) cm(-2)) are investigated by measuring samples with different CNT lengths. Cross-sectional imaging revealed that the CNT tips are well embedded over a length of several hundred nm. The determined contact resistance of 18 k Omega is low, which is attributed to a combination of CNT tip embedding and tip growth mechanism. When the CNT mean free path determined by Raman spectroscopy is compared with that obtained from the electrical measurements, it shows that multiple walls are conducting in parallel per CNT. C1 [Vollebregt, Sten; Ishihara, Ryoichi; Schellevis, Hugo; Beenakker, Kees] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci, Delft Inst Microsyst & Nanoelect, NL-2628 CT Delft, Netherlands. [Chiaramonti, Ann N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vollebregt, S (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci, Delft Inst Microsyst & Nanoelect, NL-2628 CT Delft, Netherlands. EM s.vollebregt@tudelft.nl RI Chiaramonti, Ann/E-7459-2013; Vollebregt, Sten/P-3073-2014 OI Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267; Vollebregt, Sten/0000-0001-6012-6180 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900100 ER PT S AU Ryu, SH Capell, C Jonas, C Cheng, L O'Loughlin, M Burk, A Agarwal, A Palmour, J Hefner, A AF Ryu, Sei-Hyung Capell, Craig Jonas, Charlotte Cheng, Lin O'Loughlin, Michael Burk, Al Agarwal, Anant Palmour, John Hefner, Allen GP IEEE TI Ultra High Voltage (> 12 kV), High Performance 4H-SiC IGBTs SO 2012 24TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ICS (ISPSD) SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD) CY JUN 03-07, 2012 CL Bruges, BELGIUM SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc (EDS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS), Inst Elect Engineers Japan (IEEJ), European Ctr Power Elect (ECPE), ABB, Alpha & Omega Semicond, Appl Mat, Fairchild Semicond, Fe, Infineon, Int IOR Rectifier, Micro Gan GmbH, Mitsubishi Elect & Elect, NXP, ON Semicond, Semikron, ST DE silicon carbide; IGBT; ultra high voltage AB We present our latest developments in ultra high voltage 4H-SiC IGBTs. A 4H-SiC P-IGBT, with a chip size of 6.7 mm x 6.7 mm and an active area of 0.16 cm(2) exhibited a record high blocking voltage of 15 kV, while showing a room temperature differential specific on-resistance of 24 m Omega-cm(2) with a gate bias of -20 V. A 4H-SiC N-IGBT with the same area showed a blocking voltage of 12.5 kV, and demonstrated a room temperature differential specific on-resistance of 5.3 m Omega-cm(2) with a gate bias of 20 V. Buffer layer design, which includes controlling the doping concentration and the thickness of the field-stop buffer layers, was used to control the charge injection from the backside. Effects on buffer layer design on static characteristics and switching behavior are reported. C1 [Ryu, Sei-Hyung; Capell, Craig; Jonas, Charlotte; Cheng, Lin; O'Loughlin, Michael; Burk, Al; Agarwal, Anant; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Hefner, Allen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Ryu, SH (reprint author), Cree Inc, Durham, NC USA. EM Sei-hyung_ryu@cree.com FU ARPA-E [DE-AR0000110] FX This work is supported by ARPA-E Contract #DE-AR0000110, monitored by Dr. Rajeev Ram. NR 6 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6854 BN 978-1-4577-1595-2 J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER PY 2012 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ65 UT WOS:000309220400064 ER PT S AU Gebril, M Homaifar, A Buaba, R Kihn, E AF Gebril, Mohamed Homaifar, Abdollah Buaba, Ruben Kihn, Eric GP IEEE TI Satellite Imagery Retrieval : Features & Metrics Evaluation SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS DE Image retrieval; Image classification; Shape feature vector; and Similarity measure AB In this paper, an evaluation technique based on several image feature attributes along with image classifications is investigated. Furthermore, a semi-supervised technique based on support vector machine (SVM) for image classification and a Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) based searching algorithm to search for similarity of satellite imagery is presented. Given a query image, the goal is to retrieve matching images in the database based on the shape features extracted from satellite imagery data. The experimental results demonstrate superior results based on shape features which provide a better classification accuracy using both support vector machine and the semi-supervised hashing search methods.(1 2) C1 [Gebril, Mohamed; Homaifar, Abdollah; Buaba, Ruben] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Autonomous Control & IT Ctr, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Kihn, Eric] NOAA NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gebril, M (reprint author), North Carolina A&T State Univ, Autonomous Control & IT Ctr, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM mmgebril@ncat.edu; homaifar@ncat.edu; rbuaba@ncat.edu; Eric.A.Kihn@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership [NA06OAR4810187]; National Science Foundation [CCF-1029731] FX We are grateful to the Nation Geophysical data center (NGDC) for providing access to DMSP imagery data. This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership No: N A06OAR4810187. This work is also partially supported in part by the Expeditions in computing by the National Science Foundation under Award Number CCF-1029731. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105301093 ER PT J AU DiGangi, JP Henry, SB Kammrath, A Boyle, ES Kaser, L Schnitzhofer, R Graus, M Turnipseed, A Park, JH Weber, RJ Hornbrook, RS Cantrell, CA Maudlin, RL Kim, S Nakashima, Y Wolfe, GM Kajii, Y Apel, EC Goldstein, AH Guenther, A Karl, T Hansel, A Keutsch, FN AF DiGangi, J. P. Henry, S. B. Kammrath, A. Boyle, E. S. Kaser, L. Schnitzhofer, R. Graus, M. Turnipseed, A. Park, J-H. Weber, R. J. Hornbrook, R. S. Cantrell, C. A. Maudlin, R. L., III Kim, S. Nakashima, Y. Wolfe, G. M. Kajii, Y. Apel, E. C. Goldstein, A. H. Guenther, A. Karl, T. Hansel, A. Keutsch, F. N. TI Observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde as metrics for the anthropogenic impact on rural photochemistry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; UNITED-STATES; AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC FORMALDEHYDE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; FINE-PARTICLE; SIERRA-NEVADA; SILICA-GEL; GAS-PHASE AB We present simultaneous fast, in-situ measurements of formaldehyde and glyoxal from two rural campaigns, BEARPEX 2009 and BEACHON-ROCS, both located in Pinus Ponderosa forests with emissions dominated by biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite considerable variability in the formaldehyde and glyoxal concentrations, the ratio of glyoxal to formaldehyde, R-GF, displayed a very regular diurnal cycle over nearly 2 weeks of measurements. The only deviations in R-GF were toward higher values and were the result of a biomass burning event during BEARPEX 2009 and very fresh anthropogenic influence during BEACHON-ROCS. Other rapid changes in glyoxal and formaldehyde concentrations have hardly any affect on R-GF and could reflect transitions between low and high NO regimes. The trend of increased R-GF from both anthropogenic reactive VOC mixtures and biomass burning compared to biogenic reactive VOC mixtures is robust due to the short timescales over which the observed changes in R-GF occurred. Satellite retrievals, which suggest higher R-GF for biogenic areas, are in contrast to our observed trends. It remains important to address this discrepancy, especially in view of the importance of satellite retrievals and in situ measurements for model comparison. In addition, we propose that R-GF represents a useful metric for biogenic or anthropogenic reactive VOC mixtures and, in combination with absolute concentrations of glyoxal and formaldehyde, furthermore represents a useful metric for the extent of anthropogenic influence on overall reactive VOC processing via NOx. In particular, R-GF yields information about not simply the VOCs dominating reactivity in an airmass, but the VOC processing itself that is directly coupled to ozone and secondary organic aerosol production. C1 [DiGangi, J. P.; Henry, S. B.; Kammrath, A.; Boyle, E. S.; Wolfe, G. M.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Graus, M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Graus, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Turnipseed, A.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Cantrell, C. A.; Maudlin, R. L., III; Kim, S.; Apel, E. C.; Guenther, A.; Karl, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Park, J-H.; Weber, R. J.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Maudlin, R. L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Nakashima, Y.; Kajii, Y.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Fac Urban Environm Sci, Div Appl Chem, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keutsch, FN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM keutsch@chem.wisc.edu RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Boyle, Erin/I-4606-2012; Park, Jeong-Hoo/I-2923-2013; Boyle, Erin/N-8543-2013; Keutsch, Frank/B-2391-2012; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; nakashima, yoshihiro/G-1141-2013; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Boyle, Erin/0000-0002-2725-2895; Boyle, Erin/0000-0002-2725-2895; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; FU National Science Foundation [ATM 0852406]; NCAR BEACHON project, NASA-SBIR Phase I & II, Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L518]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics FX The authors thank the National Science Foundation (ATM 0852406), the NCAR BEACHON project, NASA-SBIR Phase I & II, Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [L518], and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for support. We would also like to thank Rainer Volkamer, Jose Garcia, Rebecca Washenfelder, Cora Young, Catalina Tsai, Jochen Stutz, Folkard Wittrock, and Andreas Richter for sharing data and for useful discussions. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Lisa Kaser is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 76 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 9529 EP 9543 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9529-2012 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BS UT WOS:000310470400008 ER PT J AU Zhou, C Penner, JE Ming, Y Huang, XL AF Zhou, C. Penner, J. E. Ming, Y. Huang, X. L. TI Aerosol forcing based on CAM5 and AM3 meteorological fields SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GLOBAL-MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE; AEROCOM; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; REPRESENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We use a single aerosol model to explore the effects of the differing meteorological fields from the NCAR CAM5 and GFDL AM3 models. We simulate the global distributions of sulfate, black carbon, organic matter, dust and sea salt using the University of Michigan IMPACT model and use these fields to calculate aerosol direct and indirect forcing, thereby isolating the impacts of the differing meteorological fields. Over all, the IMPACT-AM3 model predicts larger burdens and longer aerosol lifetimes than the IMPACT-CAM5 model. However, the IMPACT-CAM5 simulations transport more black carbon to the polar regions and more dust from Asia towards North America. These differences can mainly be attributed to differences in: (1) the vertical cloud mass flux and large-scale precipitation fields which determine the wet deposition of aerosols; (2) the in-cloud liquid water content and the cloud coverage which determine the wet aqueous phase production of sulfate. The burden, lifetime and global distribution, especially black carbon in polar regions, are strongly affected by choice of the parameters used for wet deposition. The total annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm ranges from 0.087 to 0.122 for the IMPACT-AM3 model and from 0.138 to 0.186 for the IMPACT-CAM5 model (range is due to different parameters used for wet deposition). Even though IMPACT-CAM5 has smaller aerosol burdens, its AOD is larger due to the much higher relative humidity in CAM5 which leads to more hygroscopic growth. The corresponding global annual average anthropogenic and all-sky aerosol direct forcing at the top of the atmosphere ranges from -0.25 W m(-2) to -0.30 W m(-2) for IMPACT-AM3 and from -0.48 W m(-2) to -0.64 W m(-2) for IMPACT-CAM5. The global annual average anthropogenic 1st aerosol indirect effect at the top of the atmosphere ranges from -1.26 W m(-2) to -1.44 W m(-2) for IMPACT-AM3 and from -1.74 W m(-2) to -1.77 W m(-2) for IMPACT-CAM5. C1 [Zhou, C.; Penner, J. E.; Huang, X. L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ming, Y.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zhou, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM zhouc@umich.edu RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; Zhou, Cheng/0000-0001-9095-2846 FU NSF [AGS-0946739] FX This work was funded in by NSF project number AGS-0946739. Computer time was provided by the NCAR CISL facility. The authors thank Minghuai Wang and Hongyu Liu for their helpful discussion. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 9629 EP 9652 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9629-2012 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BS UT WOS:000310470400013 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, A Korkin, S Wang, Y Quayle, B Laszlo, I AF Lyapustin, A. Korkin, S. Wang, Y. Quayle, B. Laszlo, I. TI Discrimination of biomass burning smoke and clouds in MAIAC algorithm SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL PROPERTIES; OPTICAL DEPTH; ABSORPTION; RETRIEVAL AB The Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm makes aerosol retrievals from MODIS data at 1 km resolution providing information about the fine scale aerosol variability. This information is required in different applications such as urban air quality analysis, aerosol source identification etc. The quality of high resolution aerosol data is directly linked to the quality of cloud mask, in particular detection of small (sub-pixel) and low clouds. This work continues research in this direction, describing a technique to detect small clouds and introducing the "smoke test" to discriminate the biomass burning smoke from the clouds. The smoke test relies on a relative increase of aerosol absorption at MODIS wavelength 0.412 mu m as compared to 0.47-0.67 mu m due to multiple scattering and enhanced absorption by organic carbon released during combustion. This general principle has been successfully used in the OMI detection of absorbing aerosols based on UV measurements. This paper provides the algorithm detail and illustrates its performance on two examples of wildfires in US Pacific North-West and in Georgia/Florida of 2007. C1 [Lyapustin, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Korkin, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Wang, Y.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Quayle, B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Laszlo, I.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program; NOAA GOES-R program FX The research of A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang and S. Korkin was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (D. Wickland) and in part by the NOAA GOES-R program (M. Goldberg). The work of I. Laszlo is supported by the NOAA GOES-R program. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 9679 EP 9686 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9679-2012 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BS UT WOS:000310470400015 ER PT J AU Koo, JH Wang, Y Kurosu, TP Chance, K Rozanov, A Richter, A Oltmans, SJ Thompson, AM Hair, JW Fenn, MA Weinheimer, AJ Ryerson, TB Solberg, S Huey, LG Liao, J Dibb, JE Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Pierce, RB Natarajan, M Al-Saadi, J AF Koo, J. -H. Wang, Y. Kurosu, T. P. Chance, K. Rozanov, A. Richter, A. Oltmans, S. J. Thompson, A. M. Hair, J. W. Fenn, M. A. Weinheimer, A. J. Ryerson, T. B. Solberg, S. Huey, L. G. Liao, J. Dibb, J. E. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Pierce, R. B. Natarajan, M. Al-Saadi, J. TI Characteristics of tropospheric ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring: analysis of the ARCTAS, ARCPAC, and ARCIONS measurements and satellite BrO observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR SUNRISE EXPERIMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE OZONE; BROMINE MONOXIDE; GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-LATITUDES; FROST FLOWERS; SEA-SALT; AIR; AEROSOL AB Arctic ozone depletion events (ODEs) are caused by halogen catalyzed ozone loss. In situ chemistry, advection of ozone-poor air mass, and vertical mixing in the lower troposphere are important factors affecting ODEs. To better characterize the ODEs, we analyze the combined set of surface, ozonesonde, and aircraft in situ measurements of ozone and bromine compounds during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS), the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC), and the Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network Study (ARCIONS) experiments (April 2008). Tropospheric BrO columns retrieved from satellite measurements and back trajectory calculations are also used to investigate the characteristics of observed ODEs. In situ observations from these field experiments are inadequate to validate tropospheric BrO columns derived from satellite measurements. In view of this difficulty, we construct an ensemble of tropospheric column BrO estimates from two satellite (OMI and GOME-2) measurements and with three independent methods of calculating stratospheric BrO columns. Furthermore, we select analysis methods that do not depend on the absolute magnitude of column BrO, such as time-lagged correlation analysis of ozone and tropospheric column BrO, to understand characteristics of ODEs. Time-lagged correlation analysis between in situ (surface and ozonesonde) measurements of ozone and satellite derived tropospheric BrO columns indicates that the ODEs are due to either local halogen-driven ozone loss or short-range (similar to 1 day) transport from nearby regions with ozone depletion. The effect of in situ ozone loss is also evident in the diurnal variation difference between low (10th and 25th percentiles) and higher percentiles of surface ozone concentrations at Alert, Canada. Aircraft observations indicate low-ozone air mass transported from adjacent high-BrO regions. Correlation analyses of ozone with potential temperature and time-lagged tropospheric BrO column show that the vertical extent of local ozone loss is surprisingly deep (1-2 km) at Resolute and Churchill, Canada. The unstable boundary layer during ODEs at Churchill could potentially provide a source of free-tropospheric BrO through convective transport and explain the significant negative correlation between free-tropospheric ozone and tropospheric BrO column at this site. C1 [Koo, J. -H.; Wang, Y.; Huey, L. G.; Liao, J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kurosu, T. P.; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rozanov, A.; Richter, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Oltmans, S. J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hair, J. W.; Fenn, M. A.; Natarajan, M.; Al-Saadi, J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Solberg, S.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Koo, JH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jkoo7@gatech.edu RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; FU NASA International Polar Year (IPY) Program FX This work was supported by the NASA International Polar Year (IPY) Program. We thank Sungyeon Choi for processing the tropospheric column BrO estimates used in this study. The ozone data at Alert were supplied by Mike Shaw and Dave Ord from the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) of Environment Canada. We thank Tao Zeng for the development of the back trajectory model. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 9909 EP 9922 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9909-2012 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BS UT WOS:000310470400030 ER PT J AU Stramma, L Oschlies, A Schmidtko, S AF Stramma, L. Oschlies, A. Schmidtko, S. TI Mismatch between observed and modeled trends in dissolved upper-ocean oxygen over the last 50 yr SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HABITAT COMPRESSION; MINIMUM ZONES; PACIFIC; ATLANTIC; HYPOXIA; WORLD AB Observations and model runs indicate trends in dissolved oxygen (DO) associated with current and ongoing global warming. However, a large-scale observation-tomodel comparison has been missing and is presented here. This study presents a first global compilation of DO measurements covering the last 50 yr. It shows declining upper-ocean DO levels in many regions, especially the tropical oceans, whereas areas with increasing trends are found in the subtropics and in some subpolar regions. For the Atlantic Ocean south of 20 degrees N, the DO history could even be extended back to about 70 yr, showing decreasing DO in the subtropical South Atlantic. The global mean DO trend between 50 degrees S and 50 degrees N at 300 dbar for the period 1960 to 2010 is -0.066 mu mol kg(-1) yr(-1). Results of a numerical biogeochemical Earth system model reveal that the magnitude of the observed change is consistent with CO2-induced climate change. However, the pattern correlation between simulated and observed patterns of past DO change is negative, indicating that the model does not correctly reproduce the processes responsible for observed regional oxygen changes in the past 50 yr. A negative pattern correlation is also obtained for model configurations with particularly low and particularly high diapycnal mixing, for a configuration that assumes a CO2-induced enhancement of the C : N ratios of exported organic matter and irrespective of whether climatological or realistic winds from reanalysis products are used to force the model. Depending on the model configuration the 300 dbar DO trend between 50 degrees S and 50 degrees N is -0.027 to -0.047 mu mol kg(-1) yr(-1) for climatological wind forcing, with a much larger range of -0.083 to +0.027 mu mol kg(-1) yr(-1) for different initializations of sensitivity runs with reanalysis wind forcing. Although numerical models reproduce the overall sign and, to some extent, magnitude of observed ocean deoxygenation, this degree of realism does not necessarily apply to simulated regional patterns and the representation of processes involved in their generation. Further analysis of the processes that can explain the discrepancies between observed and modeled DO trends is required to better understand the climate sensitivity of oceanic oxygen fields and predict potential DO changes in the future. C1 [Schmidtko, S.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Schmidtko, S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stramma, L.; Oschlies, A.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Stramma, L (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM lstramma@geomar.de RI Schmidtko, Sunke/F-3355-2011; Oschlies, Andreas/F-9749-2012 OI Schmidtko, Sunke/0000-0003-3272-7055; Oschlies, Andreas/0000-0002-8295-4013 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Sonderforschungsbereich 754]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) provided support as part of the "Sonderforschungsbereich 754" (LS, AO). Additional support was provided through the NOAA Climate Program Office (SS). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4045 EP 4057 DI 10.5194/bg-9-4045-2012 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 029CG UT WOS:000310471800024 ER PT J AU Josell, D Wheeler, D Moffat, TP AF Josell, D. Wheeler, D. Moffat, T. P. TI Modeling Extreme Bottom-Up Filling of Through Silicon Vias SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COPPER INTERCONNECT METALLIZATION; ASPECT-RATIO TRENCHES; SUPERCONFORMAL ELECTRODEPOSITION; SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; 2-MERCAPTO-5-BENZIMIDAZOLESULFONIC ACID; THROUGH-HOLE; ADDITIVES; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS; PREDICTION AB Extreme bottom-up superfilling of through silicon vias (TSV) was recently described wherein deposition occurs on the bottom surface of the vias with negligible deposition on their sidewalls or the field around them. The process uses a deposition suppressing adsorbate subject to breakdown through the metal deposition reaction. Positive feedback associated with this suppressor disruption coupled with resistive electrolyte losses underlies the bottom-up feature filling dynamic by distributing the applied potential between the interface double layer and the bulk electrolyte in a time dependent manner. A simple pseudo steady state model that links suppressor disruption with the potential drop between the reference and working electrodes in resistive electrolytes is shown to capture essential aspects of the bottom-up filling process. Understanding the coupling of potential and additive concentration gradients provides a rational design strategy for bottom-up filling of recessed surface features that offers to minimize unneeded deposition on the substrate surface thereby substantially decreasing fill times and improving materials utilization. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.009210jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Josell, D.; Wheeler, D.; Moffat, T. P.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov; thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009 OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 78 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP D570 EP D576 DI 10.1149/2.009210jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PB UT WOS:000309105500032 ER PT J AU Lafouresse, MC Bertocci, U Beauchamp, CR Stafford, GR AF Lafouresse, M. C. Bertocci, U. Beauchamp, C. R. Stafford, G. R. TI Simultaneous Electrochemical and Mechanical Impedance Spectroscopy Using Cantilever Curvature SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU STRESS; SURFACE-STRESS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; (111)-TEXTURED AU; NANOGRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; GOLD ELECTRODE; SOLID ELECTRODES; CHARGE RESPONSE; COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY AB Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is applied to in-situ stress measurements of a gold cantilever electrode in 0.1 mol/L HClO4 as a new technique for studying stress phenomena in thin films. The resonant frequency of the cantilever is found to be inversely proportional to the square of its length as predicted by theory. In the double layer region, a linear response both electrochemically and mechanically is achieved for input signal amplitudes up to 80 mV. For frequencies below the resonant frequency of the cantilever (similar to 20 Hz), the surface stress and the charge are out of phase and the amplitude of the surface stress response f(0) varies linearly with the amplitude of the charge density q(0). A maximal value for f(0)/q(0) of 2 V is obtained in the double layer region in good agreement with experimental and calculated values reported in the literature. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.055210jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Lafouresse, M. C.; Bertocci, U.; Beauchamp, C. R.; Stafford, G. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lafouresse, MC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gery.stafford@nist.gov RI Lafouresse, Manon/K-1983-2013 NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP H816 EP H822 DI 10.1149/2.055210jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PB UT WOS:000309105500063 ER PT J AU Juarez, JJ Mathai, PP Liddle, JA Bevan, MA AF Juarez, Jaime J. Mathai, Pramod P. Liddle, J. Alexander Bevan, Michael A. TI Multiple electrokinetic actuators for feedback control of colloidal crystal size SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLE INTERACTIONS; PARTICLES; DEVICES; CRYSTALLIZATION; MANIPULATION; DYNAMICS; SYMMETRY AB We report a feedback control method to precisely target the number of colloidal particles in quasi-2D ensembles and their subsequent assembly into crystals in a quadrupole electrode. Our approach relies on tracking the number of particles within a quadrupole electrode, which is used in a real-time feedback control algorithm to dynamically actuate competing electrokinetic transport mechanisms. Particles are removed from the quadrupole using DC-field mediated electrophoretic-electroosmotic transport, while high-frequency AC-field mediated dielectrophoretic transport is used to concentrate and assemble colloidal crystals. Our results show successful control of the size of crystals containing 20 to 250 colloidal particles with less than 10% error. Assembled crystals are characterized by their radius of gyration, crystallinity, and number of edge particles, and demonstrate the expected size-dependent properties. Our findings demonstrate successful ensemble feedback control of the assembly of different sized colloidal crystals using multiple actuators, which has broad implications for control over nano- and micro- scale assembly processes involving colloidal components. C1 [Mathai, Pramod P.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Juarez, Jaime J.; Bevan, Michael A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mathai, Pramod P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov; mabevan@jhu.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Bevan, Michael/A-3397-2010 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0835549]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0329]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB10H198]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193]; [CBET-0932973] FX MAB and JJJ acknowledge financial support provided by the National Science Foundation through a Cyber Enabled Discovery and Innovation grant (CMMI-0835549) and an unsolicited grant (CBET-0932973), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-08-1-0329), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (70NANB10H198). PPM acknowledges financial support provided by the cooperative research agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (70NANB10H193). JJJ and PPM acknowledge helpful discussions with Andrew Berglund and help with the experimental set up from Alan Band, Gerard Henein, Glenn Holland, and Chet Knurek. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 4063 EP 4070 DI 10.1039/c2lc40692f PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 007NI UT WOS:000308894600035 PM 22864637 ER PT J AU Wei, M De Pondeca, MSFV Toth, Z Parrish, D AF Wei, M. De Pondeca, M. S. F. V. Toth, Z. Parrish, D. TI Estimation and calibration of observation impact signals using the Lanczos method in NOAA/NCEP data assimilation system SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; ANALYSIS-PERTURBATION SCHEME; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; FORECAST SYSTEM; ANALYSIS ERROR; NCEP; ECMWF; FORMULATION AB Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in data assimilation (DA) methodology, observing systems that reduce observation errors, and model improvements that reduce background errors, the analyses produced by the best available DA systems are still different from the truth. Analysis error and error covariance are important since they describe the accuracy of the analyses, and are directly related to the future forecast errors, i.e., the forecast quality. In addition, analysis error covariance is critically important in building an efficient ensemble forecast system (EFS). Estimating analysis error covariance in an ensemble-based Kalman filter DA is straightforward, but it is challenging in variational DA systems, which have been in operation at most NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) centers. In this study, we use the Lanczos method in the NCEP (the National Centers for Environmental Prediction) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) DA system to look into other important aspects and properties of this method that were not exploited before. We apply this method to estimate the observation impact signals (OIS), which are directly related to the analysis error variances. It is found that the smallest eigenvalue of the transformed Hessian matrix converges to one as the number of minimization iterations increases. When more observations are assimilated, the convergence becomes slower and more eigenvectors are needed to retrieve the observation impacts. It is also found that the OIS over data-rich regions can be represented by the eigenvectors with dominant eigenvalues. Since only a limited number of eigenvectors can be computed due to computational expense, the OIS is severely underestimated, and the analysis error variance is consequently overestimated. It is found that the mean OIS values for temperature and wind components at typical model levels are increased by about 1.5 times when the number of eigenvectors is doubled. We have proposed four different calibration schemes to compensate for the missing trailing eigenvectors. Results show that the method with calibration for a small number of eigenvectors cannot pick up the observation impacts over the regions with fewer observations as well as a benchmark with a large number of eigenvectors, but proper calibrations do enhance and improve the impact signals over regions with more data. When compared with the observation locations, the method generally captures the OIS over regions with more observation data, including satellite data over the southern oceans. Over the tropics, some observation impacts may be missed due to the smaller background errors specified in the GSI, which is not related to the method. It is found that a large number of eigenvectors are needed to retrieve impact signals that resemble the banded structures from satellite observations, particularly over the tropics. Another benefit from the Lanczos method is that the dominant eigenvectors can be used in preconditioning the conjugate gradient algorithm in the GSI to speed up the convergence. C1 [Wei, M.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [De Pondeca, M. S. F. V.; Parrish, D.] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Toth, Z.] NOAA OAR ESRL GSD, Forecast Applicat Branch, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wei, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM mozheng.wei@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 FU SEMESTER 6.2 project at NRL; Office of Naval Research [0602435N] FX We thank John Derber and Jim Purser for their careful reviews of the manuscript with many helpful suggestions and comments which have improved the presentation. We are grateful to many colleagues at NCEP/EMC for their help during this work, particularly, Wan-Shu Wu, Russ Treadon, Xiujuan Su and Daryl Kleist for helpful discussions about GSI system. We thank Steve Lord for his constant support and encouragement during this work, Mary Hart for improving the presentation, and Carolyn Reynolds and Craig Bishop at NRL for helpful discussion and sharing the FNMOC analysis error estimates with us. M. Wei was funded through SEMESTER 6.2 project at NRL and supported by the Office of Naval Research (Program Element 0602435N). NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 5 BP 541 EP 557 DI 10.5194/npg-19-541-2012 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029FG UT WOS:000310479600006 ER PT S AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V. BE DeTurck, F Gaspary, LP Medhi, D TI Towards Modeling Effect of Packet-level TCP Dynamics on Internet Operations and Management SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS) SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium CY APR 16-20, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc DE packet-level TCP dynamics; flow-level Internet performance; buffer sizing AB This paper reports on work in progress on modeling of the effect of packet-level TCP congestion avoidance dynamics on flow-level Internet performance and management including buffer sizing under arriving/departing flows. The proposed model accounts for the packet-level TCP burstiness due to congestion avoidance dynamics by incorporating the entire effective bandwidth of TCP-controlled traffic as opposed to the conventional model which accounts for the average TCP rate only. In particular, we demonstrate that conventional Markov model of Internet performance is applicable only in a case of sufficiently heavy average load corresponding to long flow-level queues and file transfer times. In a case of lighter average load the conventional Markov performance model significantly underestimates flow-level queues and file transfer times, and surprisingly a simpler mean-field performance model may be more accurate. While increasing buffer sizes causes proportional increase in the worst-case packet-level delays, the positive effect on the average capacity utilization and flow-level performance may be muted due to increase in the TCP burstiness. These conclusions may explain and quantify observed self-similarity of TCP traffic, and have important implications for the Internet design, operations, and management. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1542-1201 BN 978-1-4673-0268-5 J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER PY 2012 BP 470 EP 473 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCA90 UT WOS:000309517000058 ER PT S AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V. BE DeTurck, F Gaspary, LP Medhi, D TI Systemic Risks/Benefits of Selfish Network Operations & Management in Dynamic Environment SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS) SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium CY APR 16-20, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc DE selfish agents; information availability; systemic risk AB Allowing selfish agents to acquire and exploit system information has both positive and negative effects on the overall performance of resource allocation systems. The positive effect results from reduction in the uncertainty inherently present in large-scale systems. The negative effect, which can be mitigated through congestion pricing, is due to agent selfishness. However, current research, concentrated around the notion of "Price of Anarchy", is mostly concerned with the negative effect. This paper evaluates systemic risks/benefits of selfish agent ability to acquire and exploit dynamic system information in a specific case of selfish routing in a large-scale, random, loss network. Our analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of this ability dominates in a case of high system uncertainty - low load, while the negative effect dominates in a case of low system uncertainty high load. In the intermediate cases while the beneficial effect still dominates in the "normal" operating mode, the negative effect manifests itself in a risk of cascading overload driving the system to an emergent metastable, i.e., persistent, congested mode. Future research should consider resource allocation models with elastic selfish users and evaluate effect of the congestion pricing. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1542-1201 BN 978-1-4673-0268-5 J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER PY 2012 BP 683 EP 686 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCA90 UT WOS:000309517000111 ER PT S AU Radebaugh, R AF Radebaugh, Ray BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOCOOLERS FOR AIRCRAFT SUPERCONDUCTING GENERATORS AND MOTORS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Aircraft; cryocoolers; efficiency; machines; pulse tubes; regenerators; Stirling; superconductors; specific mass ID DESIGN AB The proposal by NASA to use high-temperature superconducting (HTS) generators and motors on future (similar to 2035) aircraft for turboelectric propulsion imposes difficult requirements for cryocoolers. Net refrigeration powers of about 5 kW to 10 kW at 50 K to 65 K are needed for this application. A 2010 survey by Ladner of published work between 1999 and 2009 on existing Stirling and Stirling-type pulse tube cryocoolers showed efficiencies in the range of 10 to 20% of Carnot at 50 K, much less than the 30 % of Carnot needed to make the concept feasible. A cryocooler specific mass less than about 3 kg/kW of input power is required to keep the cryocooler mass somewhat less than the mass of the superconducting machinery. Current cryocoolers have specific masses about 3 to 10 times this desired value, even for those designed for airborne or space use. We discuss loss and mass sources and make suggestions where improvements can be made. For Stirling and Stirling-type pulse tube cryocoolers, most of the mass is concentrated in the compressor. We show that higher frequency and pressure can have a major influence on reducing the compressor mass. Frequencies up to about 120 Hz and average pressures up to about 5 MPa may significantly reduce the overall cryocooler size and mass while maintaining high efficiency. Other suggestions for reducing the mass are also given. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1063/1.4706918 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600018 ER PT S AU Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R Lewis, RJ Lin, MH Lee, YC AF Bradley, P. E. Radebaugh, R. Lewis, R. J. Lin, M. -H. Lee, Y. C. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY COMPARISON OF MICRO- AND MESO-SCALE JOULE-THOMSON CRYOCOOLERS EMPLOYING MIXED REFRIGERANTS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Cryocooler; Joule-Thomson; microcryocooler; micro-JT; mixed refrigerants AB Previously we demonstrated cryogenic cooling in a Joule-Thomson (JT) microcryocooler (MCC) with mixed refrigerants operating at pressure ratios of 16: 1 that achieved stable temperatures of 140 K, with transient temperatures down to 76 K, with precooling of the refrigerant to 240 K. Pre-cooling improves the minimum enthalpy difference, (Delta h(T)) min compared with that of pure fluids. Micro-scale compressors have been unavailable to meet 16: 1 ratios. By reducing the ratio to 4: 1, mini-compressors become viable in the near term. Utilizing mixed refrigerants optimized for 4: 1 pressure ratios we compare the performance stability of this micro-JT employing a 25 mm long multichannel glass fiber heat exchanger (outer low-pressure capillary ID/OD=536 mu m/617 mu m, inner high-pressure channels ID/OD=75 mu m/125 mu m) with a scaled up (meso-scopic) version employing a 20 cm long single channel stainless steel heat exchanger (outer low pressure channel ID/OD=580 mu m/760 mu m, inner high pressure channel ID/OD=150 mu m/266 mu m). This easy to fabricate and modify meso-scale version was fabricated to investigate the temperature instabilities of mixed refrigerants for similar operating conditions but for proportionally higher flows of similar to 30 cm(3)/min compared with similar to 10 cm(3)/min. We compare measured pressures, flow rates, temperatures, and stabilities for both micro-and meso-JT cryocoolers to better understand the causes for the temperature instabilities within the micro-JT cryocooler. C1 [Bradley, P. E.; Radebaugh, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lewis, R. J.; Lin, M. -H.; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Bradley, PE (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU DARPA Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program FX We gratefully acknowledge support of this work by the DARPA Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 690 EP 697 DI 10.1063/1.4706980 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600080 ER PT S AU Lewis, MA Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R AF Lewis, M. A. Bradley, P. E. Radebaugh, R. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI EXPERIMENTS WITH LINEAR COMPRESSORS FOR PHASE SHIFTING IN PULSE TUBE CRYCOOLERS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Cryocooler; expander; mechanical phase shifter; phase angle; secondary pulse tube; and secondary regenerator AB For the past year NIST has been investigating the use of mechanical phase shifters as warm expanders for pulse tube cryocoolers. Unlike inertance tubes, which have a limited phase shifting ability at low acoustic powers, mechanical phase shifters have the ability to provide nearly any phase angle between the mass flow and the pressure. We discuss our results with experiments and modeling on a commercially available miniature linear compressor operating as an expander on the warm-end of a 4 K pulse tube, whose temperature is nominally about 35 K. We also present results on experiments with a linear compressor operating at room temperature but coupled to the 4 K stage through secondary regenerators and secondary pulse tubes. Experiments on a small pulse tube test apparatus with both He-4 and He-3 showed improved efficiency when using the mechanical expander over that of inertance tubes. Phase locking techniques using function generators and power amplifiers for control of phase angle are detailed. The use of expanders demonstrates flexible control in optimizing phase angles for improved cryocooler performance. C1 [Lewis, M. A.; Bradley, P. E.; Radebaugh, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1600 EP 1607 DI 10.1063/1.4707091 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600191 ER PT J AU Casner, SM Murphy, MP Neville, EC Neville, MR AF Casner, Stephen M. Murphy, Michael Pat Neville, Erin C. Neville, Matthew R. TI Pilots as Weather Briefers: The Direct Use of Aviation Weather Products by General Aviation Pilots SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB When planning a flight, pilots have traditionally consulted with trained weather briefers who gather, select, review, and to some extent interpret aviation weather products for them. Today, pilots can directly access these same weather products from their own computers, aircraft cockpits, and mobile devices, and choose to skip the services offered by weather briefers. A sample of 191 general aviation pilots completed a survey designed to determine how frequently they directly access weather products, how frequently they still consult with weather briefers, and which weather products pilots use and why. We identified a subset of surveyed pilots who usually or always rely solely on directly accessed weather products (approximately 25%). Although these self-briefing pilots trend toward holding higher grades of pilot certificates and make greater use of cockpit weather systems, they do not differ from other pilots in the weather products they review, and they prefer simple weather observations to more complex forecasts and descriptions of larger weather systems such as fronts and pressure regions. We explore the reasons why self-briefing pilots choose to review the products they do, and how the next generation of pilots might best be trained and supported. C1 [Casner, Stephen M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Murphy, Michael Pat] NOAA NWS Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. [Neville, Erin C.; Neville, Matthew R.] San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Casner, SM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Stephen.Casner@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1080/10508414.2012.718241 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 026UZ UT WOS:000310309900004 ER PT J AU Zhang, K O'Donnell, D Kazil, J Stier, P Kinne, S Lohmann, U Ferrachat, S Croft, B Quaas, J Wan, H Rast, S Feichter, J AF Zhang, K. O'Donnell, D. Kazil, J. Stier, P. Kinne, S. Lohmann, U. Ferrachat, S. Croft, B. Quaas, J. Wan, H. Rast, S. Feichter, J. TI The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM, version 2: sensitivity to improvements in process representations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC SULFUR CYCLE; DRY DEPOSITION PARAMETERIZATION; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; STRATOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; MICROPHYSICS MODULE; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL AB This paper introduces and evaluates the second version of the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM. Major changes have been brought into the model, including new parameterizations for aerosol nucleation and water uptake, an explicit treatment of secondary organic aerosols, modified emission calculations for sea salt and mineral dust, the coupling of aerosol microphysics to a two-moment stratiform cloud microphysics scheme, and alternative wet scavenging parameterizations. These revisions extend the model's capability to represent details of the aerosol lifecycle and its interaction with climate. Nudged simulations of the year 2000 are carried out to compare the aerosol properties and global distribution in HAM1 and HAM2, and to evaluate them against various observations. Sensitivity experiments are performed to help identify the impact of each individual update in model formulation. Results indicate that from HAM1 to HAM2 there is a marked weakening of aerosol water uptake in the lower troposphere, reducing the total aerosol water burden from 75 Tg to 51 Tg. The main reason is the newly introduced kappa-Kohlertheory-based water uptake scheme uses a lower value for the maximum relative humidity cutoff. Particulate organic matter loading in HAM2 is considerably higher in the upper troposphere, because the explicit treatment of secondary organic aerosols allows highly volatile oxidation products of the precursors to be vertically transported to regions of very low temperature and to form aerosols there. Sulfate, black carbon, particulate organic matter and mineral dust in HAM2 have longer lifetimes than in HAM1 because of weaker incloud scavenging, which is in turn related to lower autoconversion efficiency in the newly introduced two-moment cloud microphysics scheme. Modification in the sea salt emission scheme causes a significant increase in the ratio (from 1.6 to 7.7) between accumulation mode and coarse mode emission fluxes of aerosol number concentration. This leads to a general increase in the number concentration of smaller particles over the oceans in HAM2, as reflected by the higher Angstrom parameters. Evaluation against observation reveals that in terms of model performance, main improvements in HAM2 include a marked decrease of the systematic negative bias in the absorption aerosol optical depth, as well as smaller biases over the oceans in Angstrom parameter and in the accumulation mode number concentration. The simulated geographical distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) is better correlated with the MODIS data, while the surface aerosol mass concentrations are very similar to those in the old version. The total aerosol water content in HAM2 is considerably closer to the multi-model average from Phase I of the AeroCom intercomparison project. Model deficiencies that require further efforts in the future include (i) positive biases in AOD over the ocean, (ii) negative biases in AOD and aerosol mass concentration in high-latitude regions, and (iii) negative biases in particle number concentration, especially that of the Aitken mode, in the lower troposphere in heavily polluted regions. C1 [Zhang, K.; O'Donnell, D.; Kinne, S.; Quaas, J.; Rast, S.; Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Lohmann, U.; Ferrachat, S.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Croft, B.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Zhang, K.; Wan, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kazil, J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. EM kai.zhang@pnnl.gov RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Wan, Hui/J-4701-2013; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; FU project EUCAARI [34684]; Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors thank U. Niemeier (MPI-M) for her comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and M. Esch for her support in coupling HAM with the ECHAM model. KZ appreciates very helpful discussions with X. Liu and S. Burrows (PNNL). Comments and suggestions from the two anonymous reviewers significantly helped to improve the manuscript. We acknowledge the NASA Langley Research Center, the NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory, and the British Atmospheric Data Centre for providing the aircraft measurements used in this study. The principal investigators of these measurement campaigns provided very helpful suggestions on how to compare the data with model results. We also thank the AERONET Principal Investigators and the AeroCom project for compiling and providing the aerosol optical depth, Angstrom parameter, and the surface aerosol mass concentration data used in the model evaluation. Simulations were performed at the German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, DKRZ) in Hamburg, Germany. J. Kazil, D. O'Donnell, and K. Zhang gratefully acknowledge the support by the FP6 project EUCAARI (Contract 34684). Work done by KZ at PNNL also benefited from the SciDAC Project "Applying Computationally Efficient Schemes for BioGeochemical Cycles" of US Dept. of Energy. HW is grateful for the support of the Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship. Her contribution to this paper was made under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at PNNL. NR 133 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 8 U2 55 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 19 BP 8911 EP 8949 DI 10.5194/acp-12-8911-2012 PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 020TF UT WOS:000309836800001 ER PT J AU Bousquet, P Ringeval, B Pison, I Dlugokencky, EJ Brunke, EG Carouge, C Chevallier, F Fortems-Cheiney, A Frankenberg, C Hauglustaine, DA Krummel, PB Langenfelds, RL Ramonet, M Schmidt, M Steele, LP Szopa, S Yver, C Viovy, N Ciais, P AF Bousquet, P. Ringeval, B. Pison, I. Dlugokencky, E. J. Brunke, E. -G. Carouge, C. Chevallier, F. Fortems-Cheiney, A. Frankenberg, C. Hauglustaine, D. A. Krummel, P. B. Langenfelds, R. L. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, M. Steele, L. P. Szopa, S. Yver, C. Viovy, N. Ciais, P. TI Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006-2008 (vol 11, pg 3689, 2011) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction ID HYDROXYL; VARIABILITY C1 [Bousquet, P.; Ringeval, B.; Pison, I.; Carouge, C.; Chevallier, F.; Fortems-Cheiney, A.; Hauglustaine, D. A.; Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Steele, L. P.; Szopa, S.; Yver, C.; Viovy, N.; Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL LSCE, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bousquet, P.] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, Versailles, France. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Brunke, E. -G.] S African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Frankenberg, C.; Langenfelds, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Krummel, P. B.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res CSIRO Marine, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Bousquet, P (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL LSCE, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM philippe.bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012 OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 19 BP 9381 EP 9382 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9381-2012 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 020TF UT WOS:000309836800026 ER PT J AU Yashar, DA Wojtusiak, J Kaufman, K Domanski, PA AF Yashar, David A. Wojtusiak, Janusz Kaufman, Kenneth Domanski, Piotr A. TI A dual-mode evolutionary algorithm for designing optimized refrigerant circuitries for finned-tube heat exchangers SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; CONDENSERS; SYSTEM AB Heat exchanger performance is strongly influenced by the refrigerant circuitry, i.e., the connection sequence of the tubes. This article describes an evolutionary computation-based approach for designing an optimized refrigerant circuitry used in an intelligent system for heat exchanger design. The technique used in this design employs two methods to generate designs implemented separately in two modules: the knowledge-based evolutionary computation module and the symbolic-learning-based evolutionary computation module. The optimization example presented in this article employed each module independently and used the combined approach to demonstrate the performance of each module and the power of the combined module approach. The best circuitry designs determined through these optimization runs yielded substantial capacity improvements over the original design; the symbolic-learning-and knowledge-based modules returned circuitry designs that improved the heat exchanger capacity by 2.6% and 4.8%, respectively, while the combined module approach resulted in a circuitry design that improved the capacity by 6.5%. C1 [Yashar, David A.; Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wojtusiak, Janusz] George Mason Univ, Dept Hlth Adm & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wojtusiak, Janusz] George Mason Univ, Machine Learning & Inference Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kaufman, Kenneth] Internal Revenue Serv, Res Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Yashar, DA (reprint author), NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, BFRL, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dyashar@nist.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 5 SI SI BP 834 EP 844 DI 10.1080/10789669.2011.604699 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 019OM UT WOS:000309749200002 ER PT J AU Reum, JCP Hunsicker, ME AF Reum, Jonathan C. P. Hunsicker, Mary E. TI Season and prey type influence size dependency of predator-prey body mass ratios in a marine fish assemblage SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Body mass; Demersal fish; Feeding interactions; Food web; Puget Sound; Size spectra; Trophic level ID FOOD-WEB; EFFICIENCY; COMMUNITY; STABILITY; SPECTRA; CHAINS AB Marine and freshwater food webs are strongly structured by size-dependent predator-prey interactions. Predator-prey body mass ratios (PPMR) are important parameters in size-based food-web models, but studies evaluating the temporal stability of PPMR or its relationship to predator feeding modes are scant. Using a large data set of predator-prey pairs from a diverse fish community sampled in summer, fall, and winter, we showed that community-level PPMR varied with predator mass in a nonlinear (dome-shaped) manner. PPMR was higher in the summer relative to the fall and winter for all predator body size classes regardless of whether prey were fish or invertebrate. Further, the size dependency of PPMR was dome-shaped for invertebrate prey but positive and linear for fish prey. We empirically show that community-level PPMR is dynamic rather than fixed, which is in agreement with general expectations set by simulation studies of biomass spectra. However, we are presently unable to identify the specific processes underlying these patterns. Size-based models of marine ecosystems offer considerable promise over traditional taxa-based approaches, and our analyses provide insight into major patterns of variation in PPMR in a temperate marine system. C1 [Reum, Jonathan C. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hunsicker, Mary E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reum, JCP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jonathan.reum@noaa.gov FU Vincent Liguori Fellowship; University of Washington Climate Impacts Group; University of Washington Research Royalties Fund FX Funding for J.C.P.R. was provided by the Vincent Liguori Fellowship and the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group. Boat time was financed by a University of Washington Research Royalties Fund awarded to T. Essington. T. Essington and D. Schindler provided input and conversations that led to the development of this manuscript. M. Hartvig, B. Rall, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 466 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.3354/meps09913 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 020TS UT WOS:000309838100014 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Ryer, CH Spencer, M Iseri, P Knoth, B Stoner, A AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Ryer, Clifford H. Spencer, Mara Iseri, Paul Knoth, Brian Stoner, Allan TI Effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbance on polychaete worm tubes and age-0 flatfish distribution SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coastal habitats; Benthic recovery; Patchiness; Habitat heterogeneity; Northern rock sole ID NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SEA-FLOOR HABITAT; LANICE-CONCHILEGA; PREDATION RISK; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; JUVENILE FLATFISHES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NURSERY GROUNDS; RECRUITMENT AB Tubes of the ampharetid polychaete Sabellides sibirica are a prominent yet spatially variable habitat feature in shallow-water flatfish nurseries around Kodiak, Alaska, USA. Juvenile flatfish associate with the edges of worm tube regions but seldom use the dense 'turf-like' worm beds that sometimes form on the bottom in the late summer. The present study used a fine-scale analysis (2 to 3 m) to examine how juvenile flatfish distribution changed with worm tube heterogeneity, i.e. density and patchiness. Using a video sled, 8 transect lines (similar to 250 m each) were repeatedly surveyed from late summer to mid-winter in a worm tube region of Pillar Creek Cove, half of which were experimentally disturbed using simulated trawl gear. Results indicated that juvenile flatfish (mainly northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra) increasingly use patches of bare substrate as worm tube densities increase. However, the simulated trawl disturbance resulted in a unique kind of patchiness, typified by long, thin exposed regions of bare substrate referred to as 'combing'. Unlike natural patches, evidence of combing disappeared 2.5 mo after the initial disturbance, whereas natural patches persisted throughout the entire study. Flatfish abundance increased in trawl-disturbed worm tube beds for only a short period (2 d), possibly due to episodic foraging opportunities rather than physical changes in habitat. These results indicate that worm tube habitat is provisionally resilient to disturbance, and its heterogeneity (density, patchiness, and patch type) is an important component of habitat quality for juvenile flatfish in Alaska. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Ryer, Clifford H.; Spencer, Mara; Iseri, Paul; Stoner, Allan] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Knoth, Brian] NOAA, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board grant [R0710] FX This project was supported by North Pacific Research Board grant # R0710. We thank R. Gregory for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. Thanks also to S. Haines, E. Munk and S. Jewett for providing assistance in the field. Boat charters were provided by Tim Tripp aboard the FV 'Miss O'. This manuscript is NPRB publication #367. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 466 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.3354/meps09931 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 020TS UT WOS:000309838100016 ER PT J AU Testa, JW Mock, KJ Taylor, C Koyuk, H Coyle, JR Waggoner, R AF Testa, J. Ward Mock, Kenrick J. Taylor, Cameron Koyuk, Heather Coyle, Jessica R. Waggoner, Russell TI Agent-based modeling of the dynamics of mammal-eating killer whales and their prey SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ABM; Individual-based models; IBM; Orcinus orca; Population dynamics; Predator-prey ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; NORTH PACIFIC; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE MAMMALS; ORCINUS-ORCA; HYPOTHESIS; PREDATION; ALASKA; REQUIREMENTS; ABUNDANCE AB The role of mammal-eating, or transient, killer whales Orcinus orca in the decline of various marine mammal populations in Alaska is controversial and potentially important in their recovery. Classical predator-prey models are insufficient to describe the dynamics of a single predator on the number of prey types known for these predators, and there are few population-level data that could be used to parameterize such models. As an heuristic framework for this more complicated system, we developed an agent-based model of killer whales with plausible energetics and behavior. We calibrated and validated the model using single-prey scenarios (a community of generic 'Seals') against published expectations for prey consumption rates, killer whale group dynamics, and demography. We then explored the emergent properties of single-prey models and of 3-prey models using the 'Seals' as primary prey, a generic small population of 'Sea Lions', and seasonally available large 'Whales'. The single-prey model gave results that were intuitively reasonable and responsive to underlying parameters but were also sensitive to encounter/killing rates, as expected in classic predator-prey models with similar parameters. However, the dynamics included long time lags (similar to 30 yr) with strong shifts in predator age structure and vital rates. In multi-prey scenarios in which the importance of seasonally available large whale prey was manipulated, large whale prey had the potential to augment killer whale numbers somewhat but had a minimal effect on the overall dynamics, whereas perturbing the carrying capacity of the primary prey created strong numeric shifts in killer whale population size and consequent indirect effects on both alternate prey. No predictive utility is suggested due to the absence of such elements as spatial realism, explicit prey-switching and more realistic prey structure, but the models suggest that we consider more complicated numerical dynamics of killer whales in discussions of their impact on prey. C1 [Testa, J. Ward] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Testa, J. Ward] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Mock, Kenrick J.; Taylor, Cameron; Koyuk, Heather; Coyle, Jessica R.; Waggoner, Russell] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Math Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Testa, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ward.testa@noaa.gov FU Marine Mammal Commission; National Marine Mammal Laboratory; University of Alaska Anchorage FX We thank C. Matkin, L. Barrett-Lennard, P. Wade, J. Durban, M. Dahlheim, J. Burns, D. Spalinger, and D. Siniff for helpful conversations during the creation of the model and absolve them of any responsibility for its shortcomings. We are grateful to L. Fritz, D. DeMaster, R. Williams, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank the Marine Mammal Commission (www.mmc.gov) for funding student support for this project, the National Marine Mammal Laboratory for support to J.W.T., and University of Alaska Anchorage for support to K.J.M. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 64 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 466 BP 275 EP 291 DI 10.3354/meps09845 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 020TS UT WOS:000309838100023 ER PT S AU Ostrovsky, L Lebedev, A AF Ostrovsky, Lev Lebedev, Andrey BE Kamakura, T Sugimoto, N TI Modeling of Processes in Structurally Nonlinear Media with Relaxation SO NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND PERSPECTIVES (ISNA 19) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (ISNA) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Waseda Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN SP Acoust Soc Japan, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Nonlinear Acoust Soc Japan HO Waseda Univ DE Relaxation; slow time; Arrhenius law; Rayleigh waves ID SLOW DYNAMICS AB A mechanism of nonlinear acoustic relaxation in structured media (slow time) is suggested which is based on the inter-grain contacts and the Arrhenius law for the potential barrier energy. This model results in a logarithmic relaxation law for sound velocity and the frequency of nonlinear resonance in samples of different materials. Estimates of a characteristic volume of interacting contacts give close numbers for the variety of consolidated materials, and, as expected, larger values for non-consolidated media and shear deformations. For weak (linear) waves and oscillations, the log relaxation occurs if, along the thermodynamic effects, a classical quadratic nonlinearity is also present. C1 [Ostrovsky, Lev] NOAA, Zel Technol, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lebedev, Andrey] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. RP Ostrovsky, L (reprint author), NOAA, Zel Technol, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1082-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1474 BP 200 EP 203 DI 10.1063/1.4749330 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Applied SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA BCB03 UT WOS:000309528700039 ER PT S AU Lawson, RA Graham, D Stalin, S Meinig, C Tagawa, D Lawrence-Slavas, N Hibbins, R Ingham, B AF Lawson, R. A. Graham, D. Stalin, S. Meinig, C. Tagawa, D. Lawrence-Slavas, N. Hibbins, R. Ingham, B. GP IEEE TI Next Generation Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) Tsunami Assessment Buoy SO OCEANS, 2012 - YEOSU SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Yeosu, SOUTH KOREA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Korean Assoc Ocean Sci & Technol Soc (KAOSTS) AB This paper addresses the operational capability of the first commercially available next-generation Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) Deep-ocean Assessment and Recording of Tsunamis (DART (R)) tsunami assessment system. Building upon their success with their DART (R) buoy systems, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) spent over five years of research and development designing the next-generation of tsunami assessment buoys. The ETD DART (R) systems have advantages over traditional buoy systems in the right oceanographic conditions. The ETD DART (R) system consists of a modular, self-deploying and fully integrated surface buoy subsystem, bottom pressure recorder (BPR) subsystem, mooring subsystem, and an anchor subsystem. Through licensing agreements, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) began producing the first commercial ETD DART (R) systems in early 2010. Since that time, SAIC ETD DARTs (R) systems have been successfully deployed in the Coral Sea on August 27, 2010, the Tasman Sea on April 8, 2011, and in the Indian Ocean on February 12, 2012. Two additional systems are expected to be deployed in 2012, one near the Kuril Islands and one in the eastern Bay of Bengal. The ETD DARTs (R) performance has been exceptional at all three locations despite challenging environmental conditions. Operating continuously for over 18 months, the Coral Sea system has weathered the impact of a category five cyclone and subsequently detected several tsunami events including the globally observed Honshu tsunami. The Tasman Sea ETD DART (R) system has also performed well in some of the most challenging high wind and heavy sea conditions known to occur in the world's oceans. By design, the ETD DART (R) offers significant cost advantages over standard tsunami assessment systems. The ETD DART (R) is designed to be deployed by small and fast response vessels, requires fewer trained personnel, and takes only minutes of deployment time. Moreover, the integrated nature of the ETD DART (R) buoy, mooring, anchor and bottom pressure recorder subsystems allow for safe deployment in higher sea states from smaller and faster ships with limited deck equipment. The ship is only required to raise one edge of the ETD DART (R) shipping frame approximately one meter off the deck; gravity then self-deploys the system. This capability may be important to countries with limited traditional oceanographic ship availability or those who wish to significantly reduce large ship charter costs. The ETD DART (R) has been certified fully operational and is now an important new technology available to support the global tsunami detection network and other applications. C1 [Lawson, R. A.; Graham, D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4025 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Stalin, S.; Meinig, C.; Tagawa, D.; Lawrence-Slavas, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hibbins, R.; Ingham, B.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3008, Australia. RP Lawson, RA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4025 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4577-2091-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BCA51 UT WOS:000309461400056 ER PT S AU Paros, J Migliacio, P Schaad, T Meinig, C Spillane, M Tang, L Stalin, S Chadwick, W AF Paros, J. Migliacio, P. Schaad, T. Meinig, C. Spillane, M. Tang, L. Stalin, S. Chadwick, W. GP IEEE TI Nano-resolution technology demonstrates promise for improved local tsunami warnings on the MARS project SO OCEANS, 2012 - YEOSU SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Yeosu, SOUTH KOREA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Korean Assoc Ocean Sci & Technol Soc (KAOSTS) DE Tsunami; warnings; DART; BPR; pressure; measurement; nano-resolution; cable; observatory; MARS AB Recent advances in deep-ocean tsunami measurement technology coupled with tsunami forecast models have reliably demonstrated that tsunami impact can be predicted before the tsunami reaches the affected coastlines. These forecast models are based on observations that are typically 1000 km or more from the earthquake epicenter. The major challenge today is to forecast tsunamis in the near field where the tsunami wave is often overwhelmed by the seismic event. Nano-resolution pressure sensors have the necessary resolution to distinguish between tsunami and seismic signals and ocean noise in the near field. This study describes the results of a 17 month experiment that was initiated on June 30, 2010, at the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) cabled observatory in Monterey Bay, California. The experiment compared a conventional pressure sensor and a nano-resolution pressure sensor at a depth of approximately 900 m. The results presented include examples of near-and far-field earthquakes and micro-tsunamis that were detected by the nano-resolution pressure sensor. Through wavelet analysis several micro-tsunamis were identified. The paper also describes additional testing planned by NOAA on the nano-resolution pressure sensors for potential application to the NOAA DART System. C1 [Paros, J.; Migliacio, P.; Schaad, T.] Paroscientific Inc, Redmond, WA USA. [Chadwick, W.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meinig, C.; Spillane, M.; Tang, L.; Stalin, S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environ Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Paros, J (reprint author), Paroscientific Inc, Redmond, WA USA. RI Spillane, Michael/I-7870-2015 OI Spillane, Michael/0000-0003-0794-5675 FU Oregon State University from the National Science Foundation [award OCE-0826490] FX This project was funded by a grant to Oregon State University from the National Science Foundation (award OCE- 0826490). We thank MBARI for excellent logistical support during deployment and recovery of the instrument and for operating the MARS cabled observatory. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4577-2091-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BCA51 UT WOS:000309461400052 ER PT J AU Mantim, T Saetear, P Teerasong, S Chan-Eam, S Sereenonchai, K Amornthammarong, N Ratanawimarnwong, N Wilairat, P Meesiri, W Uraisin, K Nacapricha, D AF Mantim, Thitirat Saetear, Phoonthawee Teerasong, Saowapak Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn Sereenonchai, Kamonthip Amornthammarong, Natchanon Ratanawimarnwong, Nuanlaor Wilairat, Prapin Meesiri, Wanchai Uraisin, Kanchana Nacapricha, Duangjai TI Reagent-free analytical flow methods for the soft drink industry: Efforts for environmentally friendly chemical analysis SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C4D); flow analysis; green analytical chemistry; membraneless vaporization unit; reagent-free; sequential injection; soft drinks ID CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; INJECTION ANALYSIS; MEMBRANELESS VAPORIZATION; ESTUARINE WATERS; GREEN CHEMISTRY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-DIFFUSION; SCHLIEREN; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SENSOR AB The evolution of an entirely green analytical system for industrial quality control of carbonated drinks is described. The developed flow system is capable of providing analytical data of the dissolved CO2, sucrose, and color of a sample consecutively in real-time. The system has been carefully designed on the basis of "reagent-free", meaning that no added chemicals are required for the analysis. The system first vaporizes CO2 from the soft drink in a gas-liquid separation chamber, with a channel for a flow of pure water as the CO2 acceptor. The dissolved CO2 alters the conductivity of the water stream, which is directly related to the concentration of CO2 in the soft drink. The sucrose content is measured based on the "schlieren effect", the sample plug flows out of the vaporization chamber into a colorimeter with a near-infrared/light-emitting diode (NIR/LED) as light source. The schlieren effect arises at the boundary of pure water and soft drink with refraction of light in proportion to the sugar concentration. The system also measures the absorbance of the sample using an RGB-LED. The related principles and preliminary experiments as proof of concept are described as well as the construction of the flow system for this completely reagent-free analyzer. A simple flow injection system using the schlieren effect was also developed for rapid quantitative analysis of sugar in noncarbonated soft drinks. C1 [Mantim, Thitirat; Saetear, Phoonthawee; Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn; Wilairat, Prapin; Uraisin, Kanchana; Nacapricha, Duangjai] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Ctr Excellence Innovat Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Teerasong, Saowapak] King Mongkuts Inst Technol Ladkrabang, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sereenonchai, Kamonthip] Thammasat Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci & Technol, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Amornthammarong, Natchanon] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Ratanawimarnwong, Nuanlaor] Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok, Thailand. [Wilairat, Prapin] Mahidol Univ, Natl Doping Control Ctr, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Meesiri, Wanchai] Bangkok High Lab Co Ltd, Bangkok, Thailand. [Mantim, Thitirat; Saetear, Phoonthawee; Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn; Wilairat, Prapin; Uraisin, Kanchana; Nacapricha, Duangjai] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM duangjai.nac@mahidol.ac.th RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011 OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865 FU Thailand Research Fund; Project for the Promotion of Science and Mathematic Talented Teacher; Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. scholarships; Development and Promotion of the Gifted in Science and Technology Project (DPST) FX This work was supported by grants from the Thailand Research Fund (NR) and the Project for the Promotion of Science and Mathematic Talented Teacher (ST). Support of equipment from the Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education is thankfully acknowledged. The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. scholarships (TM, SC) and the Ph.D. scholarship from the Development and Promotion of the Gifted in Science and Technology Project (DPST) for PS are gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Mr. Suttipong Saisarai for his kind help in drawing some of the figures. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2012 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2015 EP 2025 DI 10.1351/PAC-CON-12-02-06 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 017HO UT WOS:000309581000006 ER PT S AU Uys, H Biercuk, M Britton, J Bollinger, JJ AF Uys, Hermann Biercuk, Michael Britton, Joe Bollinger, John J. BE Bruning, E Konrad, T Petruccione, F TI Toward Spin Squeezing with Trapped Ions SO QUANTUM AFRICA 2010: THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FOUNDATIONS OF RECENT QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Africa - Recent Progress in the Theoretical and Experimental Foundations of Quantum Technology CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Umhlanga, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Inst Theoret Phys, Natl Res Fdn, Univ KwaZulu-Natal DE Trapped ions; precision measurement; squeezing ID ENTANGLEMENT; STATES; LIMIT AB Building robust instruments capable of making interferometric measurements with precision beyond the standard quantum limit remains an important goal in many metrology laboratories. We describe here the basic concepts underlying spin squeezing experiments that allow one to surpass this limit. In principle it is possible to reach the so-called Heisenberg limit, which constitutes an improvement in precision by a factorv N, where N is the number of particles on which the measurement is carried out. In particular, we focus on recent progress toward implementing spin squeezing with a cloud of beryllium ions in a Penning ion trap, via the geometric phase gate used more commonly for performing two-qubit entangling operations in quantum computing experiments. C1 [Uys, Hermann] Natl Laser Ctr, Council Sci & Ind Res, Pretoria, South Africa. [Biercuk, Michael] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Britton, Joe; Bollinger, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Uys, H (reprint author), Natl Laser Ctr, Council Sci & Ind Res, Pretoria, South Africa. EM Hermann.uys@gmail.com RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010 FU DARPA OLE program FX The Penning trap work is supported by the DARPA OLE program. NIST is an agency of the US government. This work is not subject to US copyright. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1076-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1469 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1063/1.4746066 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCA96 UT WOS:000309523100011 ER PT J AU Kalnay, E Ota, Y Miyoshi, T Liu, JJ AF Kalnay, Eugenia Ota, Yoichiro Miyoshi, Takemasa Liu, Junjie TI A simpler formulation of forecast sensitivity to observations: application to ensemble Kalman filters SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ensemble Kalman Filter; forecast sensitivity; observation impact; skill dropout; ensemble sensitivity; data assimilation ID DATA ASSIMILATION; OBSERVATION IMPACT; MODELS; SYSTEM AB We introduce a new formulation of the ensemble forecast sensitivity developed by Liu and Kalnay with a small correction from Li et al. The new formulation, like the original one, is tested on the simple Lorenz 40-variable model. We find that, except for short-range forecasts, the use of localization in the analysis, necessary in ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) when the number of ensemble members is much smaller than the model's degrees of freedom, has a negative impact on the accuracy of the sensitivity. This is because the impact of an observation during the analysis (i.e. the analysis increment associated with the observation) is transported by the flow during the integration, and this is ignored when the ensemble sensitivity uses a fixed localization. To address this problem, we introduce two approaches that could be adapted to evolve the localization during the estimation of forecast sensitivity to the observations. The first one estimates the non-linear evolution of the initial localization but is computationally expensive. The second one moves the localization with a constant estimation of the group velocity. Both methods succeed in improving the ensemble estimations for longer forecasts. Overall, the adjoint and ensemble forecast impact estimations give similarly accurate results for short-range forecasts, except that the new formulation gives an estimation of the fraction of observations that improve the forecast closer to that obtained by data denial (Observing System Experiments). For longer-range forecasts, they both deteriorate for different reasons. The adjoint sensitivity becomes noisy due to the forecast non-linearities not captured in the linear tangent model and the adjoint. The ensemble sensitivity becomes less accurate due to the use of a fixed localization, a problem that could be ameliorated with an evolving adaptive localization. Advantages of the new formulation include it being simpler than the original formulation and computationally more efficient and that it can be applied to other EnKF methods in addition to the local ensemble transform Kalman filter. C1 [Kalnay, Eugenia; Miyoshi, Takemasa] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ota, Yoichiro] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Junjie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kalnay, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ekalnay@atmos.umd.edu RI Miyoshi, Takemasa/C-2768-2009; OI Miyoshi, Takemasa/0000-0003-3160-2525; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2012 VL 64 AR 18462 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18462 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 022LA UT WOS:000309959700001 ER PT J AU Cheung, KP Campbell, JP Potbhare, S Oates, A AF Cheung, Kin P. Campbell, J. P. Potbhare, S. Oates, A. GP IEEE TI The Amplitude of Random Telegraph Noise: Scaling Implications SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 15-19, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB We introduce a simple and intuitive model to relate the amplitude of random telegraph noise (RTN) fluctuations to the columbic influence of single trap charges on the inversion layer. The prediction of this model is in excellent agreement with results extracted from experiment using the "hole-in-the-inversion-layer" model for RTN amplitude. This new model allows us to quantitatively examine the impact of "worst-case" RTN in future scaling nodes. C1 [Cheung, Kin P.; Campbell, J. P.; Potbhare, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, A.] TSMC, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1679-9 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBZ44 UT WOS:000309183100138 ER PT J AU Ryan, JT Southwick, RG Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Young, CD Suehle, JS AF Ryan, J. T. Southwick, R. G. Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Young, C. D. Suehle, J. S. GP IEEE TI Spectroscopic Charge Pumping in the Presence of High Densities of Bulk Dielectric Traps SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 15-19, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE high-k dielectrics; charge pumping spectroscopy ID INTERFACE DEFECTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSISTORS; RESONANCE; ENERGY; OXIDE; HFO2; SI AB We demonstrate the extension of the recently developed spectroscopic charge-pumping (CP) technique to high-k gate stacks. To deal with the high density of bulk traps, we develop an experimentally based methodology to remove the bulk trap contribution from the measured CP data. We demonstrate the capability of the spectroscopic CP technique to measure band edge states and show that the traditional U-shaped continuum of band edge states is not intrinsic to Si/SiO2 interfaces. C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Southwick, R. G.; Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, C. D.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY USA. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org RI Young, Chadwin/K-7326-2012 OI Young, Chadwin/0000-0003-0690-7423 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1679-9 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBZ44 UT WOS:000309183100161 ER PT J AU Author, FA Author, SB Author, TC AF Author, First A. Author, Second B., Jr. Author, Third C. GP IEEE TI Template for Preparation of Papers for IEEE Sponsored Conferences & Symposia SO 2012 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS (AIM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) CY JUL 11-14, 2012 CL Kaohsiung, TAIWAN SP I-Rice - NSC, IEEE, IES, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Bur Foreign Trade, RDMA TW, ASME, DSC ID EQUALIZATION AB This electronic document is a "live" template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. C1 [Author, First A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Author, Second B., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Author, Third C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Author, FA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. EM author@boulder.nist.gov; author@lamar.colostate.edu; author@nrim.go.jp FU ABC Foundation FX Resrach supported by ABC Foundation. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2576-9 PY 2012 BP 374 EP 376 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BBZ04 UT WOS:000309064200062 ER PT S AU Cassard, J Geist, J Gaitan, M Seiler, DG AF Cassard, Janet Geist, Jon Gaitan, Michael Seiler, David G. GP IEEE TI The MEMS 5-in-1 Reference Materials (RM 8096 and 8097) SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES (ICMTS) SE IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures (ICMTS) CY MAR 20-22, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) 5-in-1 Reference Material (RM) contains test structures for five standard test methods on one test chip, so companies can compare their in-house measurements taken on the RM with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) measurements, thereby validating their use of the documentary standard test methods. Examples of NIST reference values are given for an RM 8096 monitor chip used at NIST for stability studies. C1 [Cassard, Janet; Geist, Jon; Gaitan, Michael; Seiler, David G.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cassard, J (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-9032 BN 978-1-4673-1028-4 J9 IEEE INT C MICROELEC PY 2012 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ10 UT WOS:000309102200041 ER PT J AU Stein, AF Saylor, RD AF Stein, A. F. Saylor, R. D. TI Sensitivities of sulfate aerosol formation and oxidation pathways on the chemical mechanism employed in simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; PHOTOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS; ETA-MODEL; URBAN; INDICATORS; CHEMISTRY; ICARTT; OZONE; CB05; CB4 AB The processes of aerosol sulfate formation are vital components in the scientific understanding of perturbations of earth's radiative balance via aerosol direct and indirect effects. In this work, an analysis of the influence of changes in oxidant levels and sulfur dioxide oxidation pathways was performed to study the underlying pathways for sulfate formation. Sensitivities of this constituent were calculated from a series of photochemical model simulations with varying rates of NOx and VOC emissions to produce variations in oxidant abundances using a photochemical model (CMAQ) that covers the eastern US for part of the ICARTT 2004 campaign. Three different chemical mechanisms (CBIV, CB05, and SAPRC99) were used to test model responses to changes in NOx and VOC concentrations. Comparison of modeled results and measurements demonstrates that the simulations with all three chemical mechanisms capture the levels of sulfate reasonably well. However, the three mechanisms are shown to have significantly different responses in sulfate formation when the emissions of NOx and/or VOC are altered, reflecting different photochemical regimes under which the formation of sulfate occurs. Also, an analysis of the oxidation pathways that contribute to sulfur dioxide conversion to sulfate reveals substantial differences in the importance of the various pathways among the three chemical mechanisms. These findings suggest that estimations of the influence that future changes in primary emissions or other changes which perturb SO2 oxidants have on sulfate abundances, and on its direct and indirect radiative forcing effects, may be dependent on the chemical mechanism employed in the model analysis. C1 [Stein, A. F.] NOAA, ERT Inc, ARL, College Pk, MD USA. [Saylor, R. D.] NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, ERT Inc, ARL, College Pk, MD USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014 OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198 FU US Weather Research Program FX The authors like to thank Shaocai Yu for facilitating the emission and meteorological data as well as part of the software used to extract the data from the model. Daewon Byun (1956-2011) is also acknowledged for helpful discussions. This work was funded in part by the US Weather Research Program. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 18 BP 8567 EP 8574 DI 10.5194/acp-12-8567-2012 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015CZ UT WOS:000309424300017 ER PT J AU Gao, RS Ballard, J Watts, LA Thornberry, TD Ciciora, SJ McLaughlin, RJ Fahey, DW AF Gao, R. S. Ballard, J. Watts, L. A. Thornberry, T. D. Ciciora, S. J. McLaughlin, R. J. Fahey, D. W. TI A compact, fast UV photometer for measurement of ozone from research aircraft SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR INTERFERENCE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ABSORPTION; EMISSIONS; LIGHT AB In situ measurements of atmospheric ozone (O-3) are performed routinely from many research aircraft platforms. The most common technique depends on the strong absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light by ozone. As atmospheric science advances to the widespread use of unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), there is an increasing requirement for minimizing instrument space, weight, and power while maintaining instrument accuracy, precision and time response. The design and use of a new, dual-beam, UV photometer instrument for in situ O-3 measurements is described. A polarization optical-isolator configuration is utilized to fold the UV beam inside the absorption cells, yielding a 60-cm absorption length with a 30-cm cell. The instrument has a fast sampling rate (2 Hz at < 200 hPa, 1 Hz at 200-500 hPa, and 0.5 Hz at >= 500 hPa), high accuracy (3% excluding operation in the 300-450 hPa range, where the accuracy may be degraded to about 5 %), and excellent precision (1.1 x 10(10) O-3 molecules cm(-3) at 2 Hz, which corresponds to 3.0 ppb at 200 K and 100 hPa, or 0.41 ppb at 273 K and 1013 hPa). The size (36 l), weight (18 kg), and power (50-200 W) make the instrument suitable for many UASs and other airborne platforms. Inlet and exhaust configurations are also described for ambient sampling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (1000-50 hPa) that control the sample flow rate to maximize time response while minimizing loss of precision due to induced turbulence in the sample cell. In-flight and laboratory intercomparisons with existing O-3 instruments show that measurement accuracy is maintained in flight. C1 [Gao, R. S.; Ballard, J.; Watts, L. A.; Thornberry, T. D.; Ciciora, S. J.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Ballard, J.; Watts, L. A.; Thornberry, T. D.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gao, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM rushan.gao@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Ciciora, Steven/I-4916-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program FX This research was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. We thank K. K. Kelly for insightful discussions. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 9 BP 2201 EP 2210 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2201-2012 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015BF UT WOS:000309419200009 ER PT J AU Turnbull, J Guenther, D Karion, A Sweeney, C Anderson, E Andrews, A Kofler, J Miles, N Newberger, T Richardson, S Tans, P AF Turnbull, J. Guenther, D. Karion, A. Sweeney, C. Anderson, E. Andrews, A. Kofler, J. Miles, N. Newberger, T. Richardson, S. Tans, P. TI An integrated flask sample collection system for greenhouse gas measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SCALE; AIR; CO2 AB A one hour integrated flask sampling system to collect air in automated NOAA/ESRL 12-flask packages is described. The integrating compressor system uses a mass flow controller to regulate the flow of air through a 15 l volume, thus providing a mixture of air collected over an hourlong period. By beginning with a high flow rate of 3.8 standard liters per minute and gradually decreasing the flow rate over time to 0.29 standard liters per minute it is possible to obtain a nearly uniformly time averaged sample of air and collect it into a pressurized 0.7 l flask. The weighting function determining the air mixture obtained is described in detail. Laboratory and field tests demonstrate that the integrated sample approximates a simple mean of air collected during the one-hour sampling time. C1 [Turnbull, J.] GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Turnbull, J.; Guenther, D.; Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.; Anderson, E.; Kofler, J.; Newberger, T.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Guenther, D.; Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.; Anderson, E.; Andrews, A.; Kofler, J.; Newberger, T.; Tans, P.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Miles, N.; Richardson, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Turnbull, J (reprint author), GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM j.turnbull@gns.cri.nz RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; OI Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB10D023] FX Flask measurements and field logistics were performed by NOAA/ESRL/CCGG. Funding for this project was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Grant number 60NANB10D023. We thank the two reviewers and the AMT editor for their helpful advice in improving this manuscript. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 9 BP 2321 EP 2327 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2321-2012 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015BF UT WOS:000309419200017 ER PT J AU Curtis, JE McAuley, A Nanda, H Krueger, S AF Curtis, Joseph E. McAuley, Arnold Nanda, Hirsh Krueger, Susan TI Protein structure and interactions in the solid state studied by small-angle neutron scattering SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PHASE-SEPARATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is uniquely qualified to study the structure of proteins in liquid and solid phases that are relevant to food science and biotechnological applications. We have used SANS to study a model protein, lysozyme, in both the liquid and water ice phases to determine its gross-structure, interparticle interactions and other properties. These properties have been examined under a variety of solution conditions before, during, and after freezing. Results for lysozyme at concentrations of 50 mg mL(-1) and 100 mg mL(-1), with NaCl concentrations of 0.4 M and 0 M, respectively, both in the liquid and frozen states, are presented and implications for food science are discussed. C1 [Curtis, Joseph E.; Nanda, Hirsh; Krueger, Susan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McAuley, Arnold] Amgen Inc, Dept Analyt & Formulat Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Krueger, S (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.krueger@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 158 BP 285 EP 299 DI 10.1039/c2fd20027a PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 014WV UT WOS:000309407400016 PM 23234171 ER PT J AU Gisler, AW Nesbitt, DJ AF Gisler, Andrew W. Nesbitt, David J. TI On probing ions at the gas-liquid interface by quantum state-resolved molecular beam scattering: the curious incident of the cation in the night time SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SURFACE ENERGY-EXCHANGE; CO2 SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; COLLISION ENERGY; SALT-SOLUTIONS; WATER-SURFACE; DYNAMICS AB There has been a long standing controversy over the preferential presence or absence of cations vs. anions at the gas-liquid interface, dating back to early theoretical efforts by Onsager and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys., 1934, 2, 528]. In the present work, we describe our first efforts to selectively probe ions at the interface via a completely novel approach, based on scattering high energy, jet cooled molecular projectiles from the surface of hydrogen bonded liquids with dissolved alkali halide salts as the source of solvated charges. In particular, this work focuses on preliminary results from quantum state-resolved scattering studies as a function of anion (Cl-, I-), and cation identity (Li+, Na+, K+) in alkali halide/glycerol solutions. By way of physical picture, a quadrupolar projectile such as CO2 preferentially aligns parallel (anions) or perpendicular (cations) to the interface, which could therefore make rotational energy transfer sensitive to the sign of the ion charge. Experimentally, we find that the impulsive scattered (IS) CO2 rotational distributions reveal a clear dependence on anion identity (e.g., hotter for [I-] than [Cl-]), but with essentially no corresponding sensitivity to cation species (e.g., [Li+] indistinguishable from [K+]). Detailed trajectory calculations are used to provide additional insight into the anticipated and observed experimental trends. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with additional funding for the diode laser spectrometer from the National Science Foundation. We also would like to acknowledge support and helpful discussions with members of the NSF CCI Center for Energetic Non-equilibrium Chemistry at Interfaces (CENECI). NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 157 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1039/c2fd20026k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 011BF UT WOS:000309137600016 PM 23230774 ER PT J AU Takahashi, M Checkley, DM Litz, MNC Brodeur, RD Peterson, WT AF Takahashi, Motomitsu Checkley, David M., Jr. Litz, Marisa N. C. Brodeur, Richard D. Peterson, William T. TI Responses in growth rate of larval northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) to anomalous upwelling in the northern California Current SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California Current; delayed upwelling; growth rate; increment width; northern anchovy; otolith ID OYASHIO TRANSITIONAL WATERS; JAPANESE ANCHOVY; ICHTHYOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORIES; POPULATION-GROWTH; PACIFIC SARDINE; JAPONICUS; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM; SURVIVAL AB We examined variability in growth rate during the larval stage of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in response to physical and biological environmental factors in 2005 and 2006. The onset of spring upwelling was anomalously delayed by 23 months until mid-July in 2005; in contrast, spring upwelling in 2006 began as a normal year in the northern California Current. Larval and early juvenile E. mordax were collected in August, September, and October off the coast of Oregon and Washington. Hatch dates ranged from May to September, with peaks in June and August in 2005 and a peak in July in 2006, based on the number of otolith daily increments. Back-calculated body length-at-age in the June 2005 hatch cohort was significantly smaller than in the August 2005 cohort, which had comparable growth to the July 2006 cohort. Standardized otolith daily increment widths as a proxy for seasonal variability in somatic growth rates in 2005 were negative until late July and then changed to positive with intensification of upwelling. The standardized increment width was a positive function of biomass of chlorophyll a concentration, and neritic cold-water and oceanic subarctic copepod species sampled biweekly off Newport, Oregon. Our results suggest that delayed upwelling in 2005 resulted in low food availability and, consequently, reduced E. mordax larval growth rate in early summer, but once upwelling began in July, high food availability enhanced larval growth rate to that typical of a normal upwelling year (e.g., 2006) in the northern California Current. C1 [Takahashi, Motomitsu; Checkley, David M., Jr.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. [Litz, Marisa N. C.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Takahashi, M (reprint author), Fisheries Res Agcy, Seikai Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 1551-8 Taira Machi, Nagasaki 8512213, Japan. EM takahamt@fra.affrc.go.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA Stock Assessment Improvement Program; U.S. GLOBEC - Northeast Pacific Program FX We thank Hannes Baumann and Brian Wells for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. We are also grateful to Tatsuro Akamine, Toby Auth, Bryan Black, Kurt Fresh and Jessica Miller for critical comments on this study. We are grateful to Robert Emmett and A. Jason Phillips for invaluable assistance collecting fish samples. We thank the captains, crew, and scientists aboard the R/V Miller Freeman and F/Vs Frosti, Piky, and Predator for their assistance in obtaining hydrographical and fish samples, and the R/V Elakha for the phytoplankton and zooplankton samples. Nobuhito Nango and Yoshiro Watanabe provided the otolith measurement system at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego. This study was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through a Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad and the Research Fellowships for Young Scientists. Funding for the collection and processing of samples was provided in part by the Bonneville Power Administration, NOAA Stock Assessment Improvement Program and the U.S. GLOBEC - Northeast Pacific Program. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 393 EP 404 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2012.00633.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 015KZ UT WOS:000309446100002 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Boldt, JL Batten, S Gburski, C AF Rooper, Christopher N. Boldt, Jennifer L. Batten, Sonia Gburski, Christopher TI Growth and production of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) in nursery habitats of the Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; bioenergetics model; growth; habitat; recruitment; Sebastes ID JUVENILE ROCKFISHES SEBASTES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ENGLISH SOLE; CONCENTRATION HYPOTHESIS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ABUNDANCE; CALIFORNIA; LARVAL; RATES AB Nursery areas for juvenile fishes are often important for determining recruitment in marine populations by providing habitats that can maximize growth and thereby minimize mortality. Pacific ocean perch (POP, Sebastes alutus) have an extended juvenile period where they inhabit rocky nursery habitats. We examined POP nursery areas to link growth potential to recruitment. Juvenile POP were captured from nursery areas in 2004 and 2008, and estimated growth rates ranged from -0.19 to 0.60 g day-1 based on differences in size between June and August. Predicted growth rates from a bioenergetics model ranged from 0.05 to 0.49 g day-1 and were not significantly different than observed. Substrate preferences and the distribution of their preferred habitats were utilized to predict the extent of juvenile POP nursery habitat in the Gulf of Alaska. Based on densities of fish observed on underwater video transects and the spatial extent of nursery areas, we predicted 278 and 290 million juvenile POP were produced in 2004 and 2008. Growth potential for juvenile POP was reconstructed using the bioenergetics model, spring zooplankton bloom timing and duration and bottom water temperature for 19822008. When a single outlying recruitment year in 1986 was removed, growth potential experienced by juvenile POP in nursery areas was significantly correlated to the recruitment time-series from the stock assessment, explaining similar to 30% of the variability. This research highlights the potential to predict recruitment using habitat-based methods and provides a potential mechanism for explaining some of the POP recruitment variability observed for this population. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Gburski, Christopher] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Boldt, Jennifer L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Batten, Sonia] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8, Canada. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.rooper@noaa.gov FU AFSC RACE; AFSC EFH; North Pacific Research Board FX We would like to thank R. Heintz, M. Auburn-Cook, A. Whitehouse, R. Hibpshman, K. Aydin, G. Lang, J. Hill, D. Beauchamp, N. Overman, M. Zimmermann, G. Hoff, B. Goetz, and EcoAnalysts Inc. for their assistance in data collection and laboratory analyses. L. Ciannelli provided helpful advice on the bioenergetics model and M. Trudel provided advice on the consumption model. This manuscript was reviewed by C. Conrath, B. Knoth, M. Wilkins, and D. Somerton. This research was partially funded by the AFSC RACE program, the AFSC EFH program, and the North Pacific Research Board. NOAA_OI_SST_V2 data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. CPR data were collected through the support of a consortium managed by the North Pacific Marine Science Organization, which comprises the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the North Pacific Research Board, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2012.00635.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 015KZ UT WOS:000309446100004 ER PT J AU Pirtle, JL Eckert, GL Stoner, AW AF Pirtle, J. L. Eckert, G. L. Stoner, A. W. TI Habitat structure influences the survival and predator-prey interactions of early juvenile red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Red king crab; Paralithodes camtschaticus; Nursery habitat dynamics; Predator-prey interaction; Habitat complexity; Refuge; Gadus macrocephalus ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PANULIRUS-ARGUS; PACIFIC COD; AMERICAN LOBSTER; MICROHABITAT USE; KODIAK ISLAND; SUMMER FOOD; ALASKA AB Highly structured nursery habitats promote the survival of juvenile stages of many species by providing foraging opportunities and refuge from predators. Through integrated laboratory and field experiments, we demonstrate that nursery habitat structure affects survival and predator-prey interactions of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. Crabs (<1 yr old [Age 0]; 8 to 10 mm carapace length [CL]) preferred complex biogenic habitats formed by structural invertebrates and macroalgae over structural mimics and sand in the absence of predators in laboratory experiments, yet they associated with any available structural habitat when fish predators were present. Survival was higher in the presence of complex habitat for Age 0 crabs (5 to 7.5 mm CL) with Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus predators in the laboratory and for Age 0 (4 to 8 mm CL) and Age 1 (16 to 28 mm CL) crabs with fish and invertebrate predators in the field. Crab activity and refuge response behavior varied with crab stage and habitat. Age 0 crabs were cryptic, avoiding predators by associating with habitat structure or remaining motionless in the absence of structure, and were less likely to respond to an attack. In contrast, Age 1 crabs were more likely to respond to an attacking predator and were less likely to remain motionless in the absence of structural refuge, suggesting an ontogenetic shift in behavior. Complex habitats, cryptic behavior, and direct defense improve juvenile red king crab survival against certain predators, including demersal fishes. C1 [Stoner, A. W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Pirtle, J. L.; Eckert, G. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Pirtle, JL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, NOAA UNH Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jpirtle@ccom.unh.edu FU Alaska Sea Grant College Program; North Pacific Research Board Graduate Student Research Award; Alaska Sea Grant; NOAA Aquaculture Program FX Funding for the dissertation research of J.L.P. at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) was provided by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program and the North Pacific Research Board Graduate Student Research Award. The Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery, Seward, Alaska, provided crabs for the present study as part of the Alaska King Crab Research, Rehabilitation, and Biology Program funded by Alaska Sea Grant and the NOAA Aquaculture Program. We thank the following individuals who assisted with laboratory and field research: M. Catterson, B. Daly, S. Haines, M. Hobbs, N. Hobbs, P. Iseri, M. Johanssen, L. Loegers, D. Okamoto, M. Ottmar, J. Pirtle Sr., J. Richar, T. Smith, T. Stevens, J. Swingle, J. Sylvan, S. Tamone, R. Titgen, J. Unrein, J. Webb, and M. Westphal. Helpful criticisms of the manuscript were provided by T. Quinn, J. Reynolds, B. Tissot, D. Woodby, and anonymous reviewers. UAF IACUC approval was obtained for this research (131463-1; 130962-1). NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 465 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.3354/meps09883 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 014HR UT WOS:000309366300014 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Campbell, MD Hoffmayer, ER Ingram, GW AF Driggers, William B., III Campbell, Matthew D. Hoffmayer, Eric R. Ingram, G. Walter, Jr. TI Feeding chronology of six species of carcharhinid sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean as inferred from longline capture data SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chondrichthyes; Elasmobranch; Carcharhinidae; Diel behavior ID YOUNG SANDBAR SHARKS; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; GALEOCERDO-CUVIER; CHINCOTEAGUE BAY; STOMACH CONTENTS; PLUMBEUS PISCES; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; DIEL BEHAVIOR; LEMON SHARKS AB Time-at-capture data for 6 species of carcharhinid sharks were collected during 2692 fishery-independent longline sets conducted in the western North Atlantic Ocean from 1995 through 2009. As operations occurred continuously throughout the diel cycle, time-at-capture data were used as a proxy for natural feeding behavior to examine the diel feeding chronology of blacknose Carcharhinus acronotus, spinner C. brevipinna, bull C. leucas, blacktip C. limbatus, sandbar C. plumbeus, and Atlantic sharpnose Rhizoprionodon terraenovae sharks. All 6 species were collected during all hours of the diel cycle; however, application of circular statistics revealed that spinner, bull, blacktip and sandbar sharks increased their feeding activity during nocturnal hours. Atlantic sharpnose and blacknose sharks exhibited no significant directedness in time-of-capture, indicating that these 2 species lack distinct feeding patterns. The species-specific differences in feeding chronologies of the sharks examined demonstrate that broad generalizations concerning the feeding behavior of sharks are not appropriate. C1 [Driggers, William B., III; Campbell, Matthew D.; Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Ingram, G. Walter, Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0002-0087-5291 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 465 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.3354/meps09901 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 014HR UT WOS:000309366300015 ER PT J AU Croll, DA Newton, KM Weng, K Galvan-Magana, F O'Sullivan, J Dewar, H AF Croll, Donald A. Newton, Kelly M. Weng, Kevin Galvan-Magana, Felipe O'Sullivan, John Dewar, Heidi TI Movement and habitat use by the spine-tail devil ray in the Eastern Pacific Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Mobulid; Mobula japanica; Manta ray; Elasmobranch; Baja California; Gulf of California; Conservation ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MARINE PREDATOR MOVEMENTS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; RHINCODON-TYPUS; WHALE SHARKS; NYCTIPHANES SIMPLEX; GROWTH PRODUCTION; MOBULID RAYS AB The devil-ray family Mobulidae (order Myliobatiformes) comprises wide-ranging, pelagic batoids, but little is known about their basic ecology. We present the first data on the long-distance movement of mobulid devil rays. We attached pop-up archival satellite tags to 13 individuals of the spine-tail devil ray Mobula japanica (disk width 199.5 +/- 30.0 cm; mean +/- SD) off Baja California Sur to examine their habitat movement patterns. Tags remained on the rays for 83 +/- 52 d (mean +/- SD). Although their primary prey undergo diel migrations from depths > 100 m during the day to the surface at night, tagged individuals spent the majority of their time (89.5 +/- 3.1% during the day and 96.8 +/- 3.5% at night; mean +/- SD) near the surface at a depth of <= 50 m in 20 to 30 C water. Thus, M. japanica likely forages at night and remains near the surface during the day, where warmer water temperatures likely confer a physiological advantage. Most (8 of 13) individuals moved from the tagging location in the southern Gulf of California to the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, tracking published records of seasonal patterns in euphausiid abundance, similar to other top predators in the region. The depths and geographic regions occupied by M. japanica coincide with the focus of artisanal and industrial fisheries. This overlap with fisheries, when combined with the delayed maturity and low reproductive rates of devil rays, raises concerns of potentially damaging high bycatch mortality. C1 [Croll, Donald A.; Newton, Kelly M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Weng, Kevin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pelag Fisheries Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Galvan-Magana, Felipe] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz 23096, Baya California, Mexico. [O'Sullivan, John] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. [Dewar, Heidi] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Croll, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM croll@biology.ucsc.edu RI Weng, Kevin Chi-Ming/C-4709-2013 OI Weng, Kevin Chi-Ming/0000-0002-7069-7152 FU Monterey Bay Aquarium; Instituto Politecnico Nacional (COFAA); Instituto Politecnico Nacional (EDI) FX We thank the Cuevas family, particularly Juan Pablo, Felipe and Juan, of El Pardito Island, Baja California Sur, for their field assistance, friendship and hospitality. Juan Jesus Lucero and James Schultz provided additional logistical support and hospitality. Dr. Ellen Freund provided early conceptual assistance for the study. Dr. Steven Teo provided important assistance for data analysis. Dr. Bernie Tershy provided valuable manuscript re view. The Monterey Bay Aquarium provided funding for the study. F.G.-M. received fellowships from Instituto Politecnico Nacional (COFAA and EDI). The study was conducted under Mexican CONAPESCA-SAGARPA permit no. DGOPA.02904.260410.-1490 and no. 160401-613-03 to F.G.-M. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 465 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.3354/meps09900 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 014HR UT WOS:000309366300016 ER PT J AU Hitchman, SM Reyns, NB Thompson, AR AF Hitchman, Sean M. Reyns, Nathalie B. Thompson, Andrew R. TI Larvae define spawning habitat of bocaccio rockfish Sebastes paucispinis within and around a large southern California marine reserve SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Depth; Essential fish habitat; Larval fish; Marine protected area; Larval production ID PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISHES; CURRENT SYSTEM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTIONS; FISH TRANSPORT; GROWTH; BIGHT; AGE; ASSEMBLAGES; STATE AB Identifying sources of larval production and subsequent dispersal paths is critical for evaluating the efficacy of marine protected areas. We assessed whether the Cowcod Conservation Area (CCA), the largest oceanic reserve in the Southern California Bight (SCB), established to conserve cowcod Sebastes levis, protects essential spawning habitat of another overfished rock-fish, bocaccio S. paucispinis. To this end we investigated relationships between age-specific (recently hatched, preflexion and postflexion) larval distribution and abundance, environmental indicators (temperature, chlorophyll a), and depth between 2002 and 2004. Larval presence was consistently higher in the CCA than in surrounding areas of the SCB. Abundances of bocaccio larvae from all size classes peaked in 2004, which had relatively low sea surface temperature and high chlorophyll a. Depth and sea surface temperature or chlorophyll a were significantly related to the presence of recently hatched larvae, which were most common in cooler western CCA waters where chlorophyll a tended to be highest. In contrast, later stage larvae were not significantly related to depth, indicating that they had been advected from natal locations. Examination of current patterns and the distribution of older larvae suggested that the direction of larval transport varied among years, with mostly northwestward transport in 2002, a cyclonic recirculation feature that may have retained larvae within the CCA in 2003, and southwestward transport in 2004. These results demonstrate that spatial and temporal oceanographic heterogeneity affect larval distribution and transport in this region. We conclude that the CCA protects essential bocaccio spawning habitat and is an important source of bocaccio production in the SCB. C1 [Hitchman, Sean M.; Reyns, Nathalie B.] Univ San Diego, Dept Marine Sci & Environm Studies, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Thompson, Andrew R.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Reyns, NB (reprint author), Univ San Diego, Dept Marine Sci & Environm Studies, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM nreyns@sandiego.edu RI Reyns, Nathalie/P-1242-2016 OI Reyns, Nathalie/0000-0002-9967-0199 FU Hannon Fellowship FX Data were collected and provided by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the crew of the RV 'New Horizon'. We are particularly grateful to S. Charter, S. McClatchie, R. Vetter, W. Watson, and for their input, imparting their knowledge about the ecology of larval fishes, and teaching larval fish identification. Z. Yin helped with geographic information systems and S. Searcy assisted with otolith ageing. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from Z. Yin, S. Searcy, W. Watson and 4 anonymous reviewers. Financial support was provided by the Hannon Fellowship administered by the University of San Diego. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 465 BP 227 EP + DI 10.3354/meps09926 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 014HR UT WOS:000309366300019 ER PT J AU Yu, H Bi, HS Burke, B Lamb, J Peterson, W AF Yu, Hao Bi, Hongsheng Burke, Brian Lamb, Jesse Peterson, William TI Spatial variations in the distribution of yearling spring Chinook salmon off Washington and Oregon using COZIGAM analysis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Juvenile salmon; Yearling Chinook; Chlorophyll; Zero-inflated generalized additive model; Alongshore ocean current ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; BINOMIAL REGRESSION; STATISTICAL-MODELS; MARINE SURVIVAL; COUNT DATA AB Yearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were sampled off Washington and Oregon, USA, along with environmental factors, every June from 1998 to 2010. The abundance of yearling Chinook salmon varied over space with a high proportion of zero catches. Positive catches were more numerous north of the Columbia River, likely because most yearling Chinook salmon turn north after leaving the Columbia River. Using the latitude of the Columbia River mouth as a geographical border, the survey area was divided into 2 regions: north and south of the Columbia River. We hypothesized that (1) the spatial distribution pattern within each region was related to local environmental factors and (2) the difference between north and south was related to large-scale ocean processes. A constrained zero-inflated generalized additive model (COZIGAM) was applied to examine the non-linear relationships between juvenile salmon abundance and environmental factors. Results from the COZIGAM suggested that water temperature, chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration, copepod biomass and spatial factors were significantly correlated with the density of salmon in the northern region, and only chl a concentration was correlated significantly with yearling Chinook density in the southern region. The difference between the abundances north and south of the Columbia River was significantly correlated with alongshore ocean currents, with weaker alongshore currents leading to greater difference between north and south. Results suggest that salmon distribution is determined not only by standard habitat parameters (local biotic and abiotic factors) but by ocean conditions such as the strength of alongshore coastal currents. C1 [Yu, Hao; Bi, Hongsheng] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Burke, Brian] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lamb, Jesse; Peterson, William] NOAA Fisheries Newport Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Yu, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM hyu@cbl.umces.edu RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012 FU NASA; Bonneville Power Administration FX This synthesis research was supported by NASA. Data collection was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration. We also acknowledge the people who contributed substantially to data collection and processing: B. Beckman, P. Bentley, C. Bucher, R. Emmett, J. Fisher, T. Guy, S. Hinton, C. Morgan, L. Weitkamp and J. Zamon. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 465 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.3354/meps09909 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 014HR UT WOS:000309366300021 ER PT J AU Corbett, SC Moser, ML Dittman, AH AF Corbett, Stephen C. Moser, Mary L. Dittman, Andrew H. TI Experimental Evaluation of Adult Spring Chinook Salmon Radio-Tagged during the Late Stages of Spawning Migration SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; COLUMBIA RIVER; REGURGITATION RATES; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; YAKIMA RIVER; MORTALITY; SNAKE; STEELHEAD; ESCAPEMENT AB We conducted an experiment to assess the effects of radio-tagging on adult spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during the late stages of their spawning migration. Fish were captured at Roza Dam, Yakima River, Washington (river kilometer 208). Each fish had a radio tag inserted into the stomach via the esophagus and was then transported to a raceway and held for 50 d to assess survival. In the same raceway we also held a control group that was handled but not tagged and a group with externally attached transmitters. Survival of fish with gastrically implanted radio tags was low (10%), while 70% of controls and 90% of fish with externally mounted tags survived to the end of the experiment. Postmortem dissections revealed that after implantation, some radio tags had migrated from the stomach position to the posterior digestive tract and peritoneum. Fish from all treatments exhibited some level of tissue degeneration of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric implantation should be used with caution, particularly for fish at vulnerable life stages. For spring Chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin, tagging with gastric implants should be conducted early in the freshwater migration to improve survival and reduce tag effects. C1 [Corbett, Stephen C.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Moser, Mary L.; Dittman, Andrew H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Corbett, SC (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 205 SE Spokane St,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97202 USA. EM steve.corbett@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.700902 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200006 ER PT J AU Pipal, KA Notch, JJ Hayes, SA Adams, PB AF Pipal, Kerrie A. Notch, Jeremy J. Hayes, Sean A. Adams, Peter B. TI Estimating Escapement for a Low-Abundance Steelhead Population Using Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar (DIDSON) SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SONAR; CALIFORNIA; PRECISION; ACCURACY; BEHAVIOR AB Estimating the escapement of small populations of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (ocean-migrating rainbow trout) is challenging and requires innovative methods. Difficulties arise from rare and episodic occurrence of individuals, high turbidity levels during migration, and the need to minimize jeopardy to the fish, which have led to a lack of population estimates, especially in California. Here we show that dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) can be used to produce escapement estimates for a small steelhead population in Scott Creek, Santa Cruz County, California, with virtually no impact on the fish. The DIDSON uses sound to form near-video quality images and passively monitors fish without the need to handle them or constrict passage. We deployed a DIDSON and recorded steelhead passage over three spawning seasons (2008-2010). We used a decision support tool to analyze DIDSON images and compared the resulting estimates (153, 57, and 84) with raw weir counts (50, 23, and 40), mark-recapture estimates (293 +/- 9, 126 +/- 12, and 109 +/- 34) generated over the entire migration period, and adjusted mark-recapture estimates (201, 74, and 85), which coincided with the period of DIDSON deployment. The DIDSON and weir estimates were restricted to a smaller sampling window due to the installation of downstream migrant traps causing increased incidences of milling fish that interfered with the DIDSON results late in the migration season. The DIDSON estimates were two to three times higher than weir estimates and 23% to 55% less than the full-season mark-recapture estimates. The adjusted mark-recapture estimates followed the same trends as the full-season mark-recapture estimates and were correlated with the DIDSON estimates. We conclude that DIDSON is an effective tool to generate steelhead escapement estimates, but it is important to collect data over the entire migration season and to consider fish behavior and potential species identification issues during analysis. C1 [Pipal, Kerrie A.; Notch, Jeremy J.; Hayes, Sean A.; Adams, Peter B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pipal, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM kerrie.pipal@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute of Marine Observations grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of California-Santa Cruz; Fisheries Restoration Grant Program FX Funding for this study was provided by a Joint Institute of Marine Observations grant between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of California-Santa Cruz, and the Fisheries Restoration Grant Program. Field assistance was provided by Mark Jessop, Lewis Barnett, Alison Collins, Michael Feldman, Morgan Bond, Danielle Frechette, Andrew Jones, Jeff Perez, Ann-Marie Osterback, Nicolas Retford, and Andrew Sobieraj. Landowner access was provided by California Polytechnic State University's Swanton Pacific Ranch. We appreciate insightful comments from David Boughton, Dave Rundio, and Steve Lindley on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We are also grateful to the associate editor, two anonymous reviewers, and Patrick Connolly for providing constructive comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 880 EP 893 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.697096 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200010 ER PT J AU Schueller, AM Fayram, AH Hansen, MJ AF Schueller, Amy M. Fayram, Andrew H. Hansen, Michael J. TI Simulated Equilibrium Walleye Population Density under Static and Dynamic Recreational Angling Effort SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN WISCONSIN LAKES; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MINIMUM LENGTH LIMIT; ACTIVE MANAGEMENT; FISH POPULATIONS; DEPENDENT GROWTH; ESCANABA LAKE; ANGLER EFFORT; BAG LIMIT; FISHERIES AB Understanding the dynamics of angling effort and how fish populations are affected by angler effort is an important and often unappreciated component of fisheries management. Our objective was to determine the extent to which angling-induced mortality limits walleye Sander vitreus population density in northern Wisconsin lakes. We developed a simulation model to evaluate the effects on long-term equilibrium walleye population density caused by effort limitations, density-dependent angling effort, and angling regulations. Equilibrium density was limited by angling effort when effort was held constant but was generally lower when effort was density dependent. Equilibrium density ranged from 3.46 to 21.79 adults/ha when effort was density dependent, similar to the observed median density in lakes sustained by natural reproduction (8.7 adults/ha). Median equilibrium density was 23.3 adults/ha when effort was zero. Equilibrium density was higher when harvest was regulated by a minimum length limit as opposed to no length limit and with no postrelease mortality than with postrelease mortality. Population collapse was more likely and equilibrium density was lower when the population density and effort/ha relationship was strongest. Because the observed relationship between adult walleye population density and effort/ha was weaker, we conclude that open-access walleye fisheries in northern Wisconsin are generally self-regulating. However, populations likely persist at lower population densities than would be expected if angling effort were limited to lower levels than those currently observed. Our results are intuitive; however, they suggest that density increases may be on the order of 100% when effort is severely restricted compared with open-access fisheries with unlimited effort. Other fish species may experience different expected density increases with restricted angler effort depending on a number of factors, but our results suggest that population density changes can be dramatic and that similar modeling exercises may be useful to managers of other fish species if increasing density is of interest. C1 [Schueller, Amy M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Fayram, Andrew H.] Bur Fisheries Management, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Hansen, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Schueller, AM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM amy.schueller@noaa.gov OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration program FX We thank Doug Beard for his initial discussions on this work. This work was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration program. In addition, we thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission staff, who painstakingly collected the data utilized in this analysis. Finally, we thank Paul Conn and Jim Waters for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript.- NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 894 EP 904 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.705258 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200011 ER PT J AU Lee, MY AF Lee, Min-Yang TI Examining Bargaining Power in the Northeast Multispecies Days-at-Sea Market SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID QUANTILE REGRESSION; PRICE; FISHERIES; DEMAND AB The Northeast U.S. groundfish fishery is economically large and culturally important. Between 2004 and 2009, the primary management control used in this fishery was a tradable input allowance system known as Days at Sea (DAS); however, many regulatory institutions limited trading. These barriers included a set of "conservation equivalency" restrictions based on length and horsepower that were explicitly designed to restrain increases in the fishing power of the fleet. Despite these limitations, trade in the DAS market was fairly robust; by 2008, over 40% of all used DAS were traded. This research uses ordinary least squares and quantile regression to examine the effects of these institutional limitations on the bargaining power of traders in this market. The conservation equivalency restrictions adversely impacted the bargaining power of both small sellers and large buyers of DAS. Despite these bargaining power effects, prices were responsive to changes in aggregate supply and productivity in economically reasonable ways. Finally, the downward intrayear trend in price is consistent with decay in the time value component of financial options. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lee, MY (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM min-yang.lee@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1031 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.707633 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200023 ER PT J AU Krasnopolsky, V Lin, Y AF Krasnopolsky, VladimirM. Lin, Ying TI A Neural Network Nonlinear Multimodel Ensemble to Improve Precipitation Forecasts over Continental US SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL CLIMATE; PREDICTION; UNCERTAINTIES; WEATHER; ECMWF AB A novel multimodel ensemble approach based on learning from data using the neural network (NN) technique is formulated and applied for improving 24-hour precipitation forecasts over the continental US. The developed nonlinear approach allowed us to account for nonlinear correlation between ensemble members and to produce "optimal" forecast represented by a nonlinear NN ensemble mean. The NN approach is compared with the conservative multi-model ensemble, with multiple linear regression ensemble approaches, and with results obtained by human forecasters. The NN multi-model ensemble improves upon conservative multi-model ensemble and multiple linear regression ensemble, it (1) significantly reduces high bias at low precipitation level, (2) significantly reduces low bias at high precipitation level, and (3) sharpens features making them closer to the observed ones. The NN multi-model ensemble performs at least as well as human forecasters supplied with the same information. The developed approach is a generic approach that can be applied to other multi-model ensemble fields as well as to single model ensembles. C1 [Krasnopolsky, VladimirM.; Lin, Ying] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Krasnopolsky, VladimirM.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Krasnopolsky, V (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM vladimir.krasnopolsky@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2012 AR 649450 DI 10.1155/2012/649450 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 006CB UT WOS:000308795800001 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Kline, SR Dennis, CL Mossine, AV Paul, RL Deakyne, CA Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Kline, Steven R. Dennis, Cindi L. Mossine, Andrew V. Paul, Rick L. Deakyne, Carol A. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Solution-Phase and Magnetic Approach towards Understanding Iron Gall Ink-like Nanoassemblies SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE iron; magnetic properties; pyrogallol[4]arenes; small-angle neutron scattering (SANS); supramolecular chemistry ID NANOCAPSULES; FERROCENE; CAPSULES; KINETICS; ACID C1 [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumari, Harshita; Mossine, Andrew V.; Deakyne, Carol A.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Paul, Rick L.; Deakyne, Carol A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kline, SR (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.kline@nist.gov; cindi.dennis@nist.gov; deakynec@missouri.edu; atwoodj@missouri.edu FU NSF [DMR-0944772]; NIBIB [T21 EB004822] FX We thank NSF for support of this work (J.L.A.) and NIBIB for training grant T21 EB004822 (A.V.M.). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 (S.R.K.). NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 37 BP 9263 EP 9266 DI 10.1002/anie.201204776 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 000PQ UT WOS:000308399500008 PM 22890724 ER PT J AU Goto, D Lindelof, K Fanslow, DL Ludsin, SA Pothoven, SA Roberts, JJ Vanderploeg, HA Wilson, AE Hook, TO AF Goto, Daisuke Lindelof, Kara Fanslow, David L. Ludsin, Stuart A. Pothoven, Steven A. Roberts, James J. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Wilson, Alan E. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Indirect consequences of hypolimnetic hypoxia on zooplankton growth in a large eutrophic lake SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoxia; RNA:DNA ratio; Food web; Great Lakes; Eutrophication; Zooplankton ecology ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; FRESH-WATER; TRADE-OFFS; DAPHNIA-PULICARIA; ACARTIA-BIFILOSA; RNA/DNA RATIOS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; BODY-SIZE AB Diel vertical migration (DVM) of some zooplankters in eutrophic lakes is often compressed during peak hypoxia. To better understand the indirect consequences of seasonal hypolimnetic hypoxia, we integrated laboratory-based experimental and field-based observational approaches to quantify how compressed DVM can affect growth of a cladoceran, Daphnia mendotae, in central Lake Erie, North America. To evaluate hypoxia tolerance of D. mendotae, we conducted a survivorship experiment with varying dissolved oxygen concentrations, which demonstrated high sensitivity of D. mendotae to hypoxia (<= 2 mg O-2 l(-1)), supporting the field observations of their behavioral avoidance of the hypoxic hypolimnion. To investigate the effect of temporary changes in habitat conditions associated with the compressed DVM, we quantified the growth of D. mendotae, using a 3 (food quantity) x 2 (temperature) factorial design laboratory experiment. Neither food quantity nor temperature affected short-term growth in body length of D. mendotae. However, D. mendotae RNA content (an index of short-term condition) decreased under starvation, indicating an immediate response of short-term feeding on condition. We further evaluated the effect of hypoxia-induced upward shifts in vertical distribution by quantifying the RNA content of D. mendotae from central Lake Erie before and during peak hypoxia. Despite high temperature and food quantity in the upper water column, RNA content in field-collected D. mendotae remained low during peak hypoxia. Furthermore, D. mendotae collected during peak hypoxia consisted of only small-bodied (x measurements and from Robin Weber for CO and O3 measurements during BEARPEX09 study. We also acknowledge William Stockwell and Wendy Goliff for the RACM2 mechanism. We thank Sierra Pacific Industries for the use of their land and the University of California, Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Blodgett Forest Research Station for cooperation in facilitating this research. We acknowledge the NSF Atmospheric Chemistry Program for the following grants: #0849475 (WHB); #0922562 (AHG); #0852406 (FNK); #0934408 (POW, JDC, and MRB). NR 64 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 86 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 17 BP 8009 EP 8020 DI 10.5194/acp-12-8009-2012 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 005MF UT WOS:000308753800010 ER PT J AU Ward, JW Loth, MA Kline, RJ Coll, M Ocal, C Anthony, JE Jurchescu, OD AF Ward, Jeremy W. Loth, Marsha A. Kline, R. Joseph Coll, Mariona Ocal, Carmen Anthony, John E. Jurchescu, Oana D. TI Tailored interfaces for self-patterning organic thin-film transistors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; WORK FUNCTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE; PENTACENE; HETEROACENES; MORPHOLOGY; STABILITY AB Patterning organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is critical in achieving high electronic performance and low power consumption. We report on a high-yield, low-complexity patterning method based on exploiting the strong tendency of halogen-substituted organic semiconductors to crystallize along chemically tailored interfaces. We demonstrate that the organic semiconductor molecules self-align on the contacts, when the halogen-halogen interaction is allowed by the chemical structures and conformations of the self-assembled monolayer and organic semiconductor. The ordered films exhibit high mobilities and constrain the current paths. The regions surrounding the devices, where the interaction is inhibited, consist of randomly oriented molecules, exhibiting high-resistivity and electrically insulating neighboring devices. To identify the role of F-F interactions in the development of crystalline order, we investigate OTFTs fabricated on mono-fluorinated benzene thiol treated contacts, which allows us to isolate the interactions between the F originating from the organic semiconductor and the F in each position on the benzene ring of the thiol, and to selectively study the role of each interaction. Combining the results obtained from quantitative grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and Kelvin probe measurements, we show that the surface treatments induce structural changes in the films, but also alter the injection picture as a result of work function shifts that they introduce. We show that both effects yield variations in the field-effect transistor characteristics, and we are able to tune the field-effect mobility more than two orders of magnitude in the same material. C1 [Ward, Jeremy W.; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Loth, Marsha A.; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. [Coll, Mariona; Ocal, Carmen] Campus UAB, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain. RP Jurchescu, OD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM jurchescu@wfu.edu RI Coll, Mariona/C-5350-2012; Ocal, Carmen/G-8590-2013; Ward, Jeremy/J-6371-2014; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; OI Coll, Mariona/0000-0001-5157-7764; Ocal, Carmen/0000-0001-8790-8844; Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1102275]; MICINN; Spanish MICINN Consolider NANOSELECT [CSD2007-00041]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0329] FX Work at WFU was supported by the National Science Foundation (ECCS-1102275). M. C. thanks MICINN for JdC grant. Part of this research was supported by Spanish MICINN Consolider NANOSELECT (CSD2007-00041). Synthesis of organic semiconductors (JEA/MAL) was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-11-1-0329). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light-source, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. We thank Michael F Toney for help with the GIWAXS measurements and Gert-Jan Wetzelaer for the assistance establishing our Kelvin probe measurement system. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 36 BP 19047 EP 19053 DI 10.1039/c2jm33974a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 992PE UT WOS:000307790300050 ER PT J AU Hardy, GJ Nayak, R Alam, SM Shapter, JG Heinrich, F Zauscher, S AF Hardy, Gregory J. Nayak, Rahul Alam, S. Munir Shapter, Joseph G. Heinrich, Frank Zauscher, Stefan TI Biomimetic supported lipid bilayers with high cholesterol content formed by alpha-helical peptide-induced vesicle fusion SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; VIRUS ENVELOPE; THIN-FILM; QCM-D; MEMBRANES; ADSORPTION AB In this study, we present a technique to create complex, high cholesterol-containing supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) using alpha-helical (AH) peptide-induced vesicle fusion. Vesicles consisting of POPC : POPE : POPS : SM : Chol (9.35 : 19.25 : 8.25 : 18.15 : 45.00) were used to form a SLB that models the native composition of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) lipid envelope. In the absence of AH peptides, these biomimetic vesicles fail to form a complete SLB. We verified and characterized AH peptide-induced vesicle fusion by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, neutron reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy. Successful SLB formation entailed a characteristic frequency shift of -35.4 +/- 0.8 Hz and a change in dissipation energy of 1.91 +/- 0.23 x 10(-6). Neutron reflectivity measurements determined the SLB thickness to be 49.9(-1.5)(+1.9) angstrom, and showed the SLB to be 100 (+0.0)(-0.1)% complete and void of residual AH peptide after washing. Atomic force microscopy imaging confirmed complete SLB formation and revealed three distinct domains with no visible defects. This vesicle fusion technique gives researchers access to a complex SLB composition with high cholesterol content and thus the ability to better recapitulate the native HIV-1 lipid C1 [Hardy, Gregory J.; Nayak, Rahul; Zauscher, Stefan] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Alam, S. Munir] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Human Vaccine Inst, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Shapter, Joseph G.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Flinders Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zauscher, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 144 Hudson Hall,Box 90300, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM zauscher@duke.edu RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Nayak, Rahul/0000-0001-6725-7634 FU AHA; NIAID; Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility (AMMRF); Duke University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR); NIH [5P30 AI064518]; Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering; East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes (EAPSI) program FX We thank Dr Christopher Gibson for his guidance and support with AFM imaging. This research was supported by AHA and NIAID (S.M.A.), by the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility (AMMRF) (J.G.S.), and by the Duke University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), an NIH funded program (5P30 AI064518) (S.Z.), G.J.H. gratefully acknowledges the financial support from The Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering and the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes (EAPSI) program. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 37 BP 19506 EP 19513 DI 10.1039/c2jm32016a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 996OK UT WOS:000308099900019 PM 23914075 ER PT J AU Fu, RS Pasaogullari, U Shiomi, T Tabuchi, Y Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Fu, Richard S. Pasaogullari, Ugur Shiomi, Takeshi Tabuchi, Yuichiro Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. TI High-Resolution Neutron Radiography of Through-Plane Liquid Water Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Gas Diffusion Layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; PTFE; FLOW AB We re-investigate our previously studied water transport phenomena under nonisothermal conditions by measuring the through-plane liquid water distribution across PEFC components with the state-of-the-art high-resolution neutron radiography. A corrective postprocessing procedure to eliminate artifacts arising from polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) swelling in water thickness measurement is introduced for the first time. Presence of a water content gradient in the polymer electrolyte membrane was observed under large temperature gradient and high humidity conditions. Water distribution in gas diffusion layers (GDLs) was measured by replacing the PEM with a film of PTFE. The experiment yielded a pronounced liquid water peak at the PTFE interface. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.026209jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Fu, Richard S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fu, Richard S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Clean Energy Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Shiomi, Takeshi; Tabuchi, Yuichiro] Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nissan Res Ctr, Kanagawa 2378523, Japan. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fu, RS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ugur.pasaogullari@uconn.edu RI Pasaogullari, Ugur/D-8761-2013 FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0748063]; Nissan Motor Co. FX The authors acknowledge Eli Baltic of the NIST for technical assistance in carrying out the neutron radiography experiments and Dr. Takashi Sasabe for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement no. DE-AI01-01EE50660. Financial support for this work from National Science Foundation grant No. CBET-0748063 and Nissan Motor Co. is also acknowledged. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 9 BP F545 EP F553 DI 10.1149/2.026209jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010OR UT WOS:000309104400052 ER PT J AU Richards, RA Fogarty, MJ Mountain, DG Taylor, MH AF Richards, R. Anne Fogarty, Michael J. Mountain, David G. Taylor, Maureen H. TI Climate change and northern shrimp recruitment variability in the Gulf of Maine SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Recruitment variability; Stock-recruitment; Temperature effects; Climate change; Ecological indicators; Northern shrimp; Regime shift; Gulf of Maine ID PANDALUS-BOREALIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WEST GREENLAND; REGIME SHIFTS; STOCK SIZE; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; PHYTOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY AB The northern shrimp Pandalus borealis is an important prey species in North Atlantic marine systems and is the target of major fisheries. It reaches its southern limit of distribution in the western Gulf of Maine (GOM), where temperature is thought to play an important role in its stock dynamics. We examined recruitment dynamics of northern shrimp P. borealis in the GOM from 1968 to 2011 and before and after 1999, when a shift to warmer temperatures occurred (Friedland & Hare 2007). Recruitment was related to temperature during all 3 time periods and was related to the reproductive output of the population from 1968 to 2011 and 1968 to 1999 but not in the most recent period (2000 to 2011). Colder temperatures during the pelagic larval stage were associated with higher recruitment. Recruitment variability increased coincident with the 1999 temperature shift; other changes in the physical environment and lower trophic levels of the GOM have been seen as well. Whether the increase in recruitment variability signals a regime shift in the GOM is not yet clear. Increasing the reproductive potential of GOM northern shrimp through conservation measures could help compensate for increasingly unfavorable environmental conditions (warming) and increase the chances of preserving this population and its ecological role in the GOM. C1 [Richards, R. Anne; Fogarty, Michael J.; Taylor, Maureen H.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Richards, RA (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM anne.richards@noaa.gov FU Saltonstall-Kennedy grant [NA96FD0073] FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of our friend and colleague, Dr. Stephen H. Clark, who was instrumental in northern shrimp research in the Gulf of Maine for many years and whose unflagging enthusiasm, friendship and support are greatly missed. We are grateful to D. Schick, M. Hunter, M. Lazzari and others at the Maine Department of Marine Resources for providing data and insights that were important to the present study, and to the many dedicated workers of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center and member states of the Atlantic States Fisheries Commission who collected data on northern shrimp, both at sea and in the laboratory. This work was funded in part by Saltonstall-Kennedy grant NA96FD0073 to R.A.R. and M.J.F. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 47 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 464 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.3354/meps09869 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 010WP UT WOS:000309125500011 ER PT J AU Liu, H Fogarty, MJ Glaser, SM Altman, I Hsieh, CH Kaufman, L Rosenberg, AA Sugihara, G AF Liu, Hui Fogarty, Michael J. Glaser, Sarah M. Altman, Irit Hsieh, Chih-hao Kaufman, Les Rosenberg, Andrew A. Sugihara, George TI Nonlinear dynamic features and co-predictability of the Georges Bank fish community SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear system dynamics; Co-predictability; Fish population; Community ID ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS; GUILD STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM; HYPOTHESIS; FISHERIES; MODELS; CHAOS AB We examined evidence for nonlinear dynamics in fishery-independent survey data for an assemblage of 26 fish species on Georges Bank spanning the period 1963 to 2008. We used nonlinear time series analysis to determine (1) the presence of nonlinear dynamics in fish populations on Georges Bank, (2) the minimum number of dimensions required to effectively describe system dynamics, (3) the strength of patterns of co-predictability among all possible pairs of fish species, and (4) identification of groups of species characterized by similar dynamics. Here, nonlinear behavior refers to non-equilibrium dynamics, including chaos. The population trajectories of all 26 species exhibited strong density-dependent feedback as indicated by a Partial Rate Correlation Function analysis. Significant evidence of complex dynamical behavior was found for approximately 1 in 5 species. Low dimensionality for many of the individual series was identified, suggesting that for a given level of predictability, this system can be represented by a relatively small number of critically important ecological variables. Further, we found high levels of co-predictability among pairwise combinations of individual species. We identified 4 major species groups sharing similar dynamic features on the basis of patterns of co-predictability, and explored potential mechanisms for interpreting the groupings in terms of trophic interactions and life history characteristics. C1 [Liu, Hui; Fogarty, Michael J.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Glaser, Sarah M.; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Altman, Irit; Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Kaufman, Les] Boston Univ, Marine Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM liuh@tamug.edu RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008 OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272 FU National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank all those who participated in the NEFSC bottom trawl surveys over many years. We thank J. Link, B. Shank, E. Klein, H. Ye, E. Deyle, and L. Storch for discussion of this work. We are grateful for the constructive reviews from F. M. Serchuk and 4 anonymous referees. This is CAMEO contribution number 9, a joint program funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 464 BP 195 EP U228 DI 10.3354/meps09868 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 010WP UT WOS:000309125500013 ER PT J AU TenBrink, TT Buckley, TW AF TenBrink, Todd T. Buckley, Troy W. TI Resource partitioning among Myoxocephalus sculpins, and their predator-prey relationships with Chionoecetes crabs in the eastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Resource partitioning; Distribution; Diet; Ontogeny; Myoxocephalus; Chionoecetes; Eastern Bering Sea ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; FOOD RESOURCES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FISH COMMUNITY; MARINE WATERS; BODY-SIZE; ATLANTIC; ABUNDANT; TRENDS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Interspecific and intraspecific variation in the distributions and diets of congeneric sculpins, Myoxocephalus jaok, M. polyacanthocephalus, and M. scorpius, were described from data collected during summer trawl surveys of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) continental shelf between 2000 and 2010 by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC). Generalized additive models (GAMs) of abundance (count) and presence-absence data were applied separately for each species to examine the influence of selected factors (depth, bottom temperature, substrate type and location) on distribution and abundance. The final models indicated strong predictive relationships, suggesting habitat partitioning between species. Ontogenetic distributions were observed as larger individuals of each species tended to be associated with deeper depths and lower latitudes. Analysis of stomach contents indicated that these species consume a wide variety of prey and that the diet composition also shifted ontogenetically. Multivariate analyses of the mean percent weight (%W) of 23 diet categories indicated that the diets differed among and within species. The diet of M. jaok consisted primarily of mysids, shrimps, and flatfish, with larger sculpins feeding on a greater amount of flatfish prey and less benthic infauna. Both M. polyacanthocephalus and M. scorpius fed considerably on commercially important Chionoecetes crabs, particularly C. opilio; however, similar-sized M. polyacanthocephalus consumed larger Chionoecetes prey than M. scorpius. Diets were more variable among smaller sculpins of these 2 species, and piscivory was more common among M. polyacanthocephalus. Habitat and diet partitioning were evident among species within this genus, as each species exhibited distinct spatial boundaries and diets, possibly avoiding inter-and intraspecific competition in this environment. C1 [TenBrink, Todd T.; Buckley, Troy W.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP TenBrink, TT (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM todd.tenbrink@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [628] FX We thank all the scientists participating in AFSC surveys responsible for data collection, and A. Whitehouse and R. Hibpshman for stomach analyses. D. Nichol, J. Hoff, S. Gaichas, K. Aydin and 4 anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This study was partially funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project #628). NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 464 BP 221 EP 235 DI 10.3354/meps09878 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 010WP UT WOS:000309125500015 ER PT J AU Flannery, BG Crane, PA Eiler, JH Beacham, TD Decovich, NA Templin, WD Schlei, OL Wenburg, JK AF Flannery, Blair G. Crane, Penny A. Eiler, John H. Beacham, Terry D. Decovich, Nick A. Templin, William D. Schlei, Ora L. Wenburg, John K. TI Comparison of Radiotelemetry and Microsatellites for Determining the Origin of Yukon River Chinook Salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH WHEEL CAPTURE; CHUM SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ALASKA; PROPORTIONS; FISHERIES; DISTANCE; US AB Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha support important subsistence and commercial fisheries throughout the Yukon River. Low returns and diverse user groups have made management of these fisheries contentious and have necessitated information on the origin of the spawning migration and harvest. Here we compare estimates of individual assignment and stock composition derived from genetic and radiotelemetry data collected from the same Chinook salmon. Radiotelemetry and genetic individual assignments were highly concordant. Agreement between methods for individual assignment was 79% to region and 93% to country when using the most probable genetic criterion, improving to 94% for region and 98% for country when using the >= 95% probability genetic criterion; however, under the more stringent criterion, fewer individuals could be assigned. Further analysis showed that estimates of stock composition based on radiotelemetry and genetic methods were within 6% of each other and were not significantly different. The concordance between estimates of individual assignment and stock composition from the radiotelemetry and genetic methods indicates that both methods are credible tools for fishery assessment of Yukon River Chinook salmon. C1 [Flannery, Blair G.; Crane, Penny A.; Schlei, Ora L.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Eiler, John H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Beacham, Terry D.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Mol Genet Lab, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Decovich, Nick A.; Templin, William D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Flannery, BG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM blair_flannery@fws.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 720 EP 730 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.686954 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 006CO UT WOS:000308797200004 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Larson, DM AF Lew, Daniel K. Larson, Douglas M. TI Economic Values for Saltwater Sport Fishing in Alaska: A Stated Preference Analysis SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RECREATION SPECIALIZATION; DEMAND; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; ANGLERS; MODEL; VALUATION; POLICIES; TIME AB The knowledge of how anglers value their fishing opportunities is a fundamental building block of a sound marine policy, especially for stocks for which there is conflict over allocation between different uses (e.g., allocation between recreational and commercial uses and conservation goals). This paper reports on how recreational saltwater anglers value their catches, and the regulations governing them, of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and coho salmon O. kisutch off the coast of Alaska using stated preference choice experiment data from 2007. Using data from a stated preference survey, we estimated the economic value, or willingness to pay, anglers place on saltwater boat fishing trips in Alaska and assess their response to changes in the characteristics of fishing trips. The results show that Alaska resident anglers had mean trip values ranging from US$246 to $444, while nonresidents had much higher values ($2,007 to $2,639), likely reflecting the fact that their trips are both less common and considerably more expensive to take. Nonresidents generally had significant positive values for increases in the number of fish caught, bag limit, and fish size, while Alaska residents valued size and bag limit changes but not catch increases. The economic values are also discussed in the context of allocation issues, particularly as they relate to the sport fishing and commercial fishing sectors for Pacific halibut, which is a current issue facing Alaska marine fisheries managers. C1 [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.; Larson, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.lew@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 745 EP 759 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.681012 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 006CO UT WOS:000308797200006 ER PT J AU Hayes, SA Hanson, CV Pearse, DE Bond, MH Garza, JC MacFarlane, RB AF Hayes, Sean A. Hanson, Chad V. Pearse, Devon E. Bond, Morgan H. Garza, John Carlos MacFarlane, R. Bruce TI Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Influence of Genetic Origin on Emigration Behavior and Physiology of Resident and Anadromous Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMO-SALAR L; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER; STEELHEAD/RAINBOW TROUT; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; ATLANTIC SALMON; MATING SYSTEM AB We investigated the interaction among genetically identified origin, behavioral tendency to emigrate, and Na+, K+-ATPase enzyme activity in recently diverged subpopulations of resident (above-barrier) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) in Scott Creek, California. Genetic assignment tests found that the frequency of resident and anadromous origin fish varied by sampling location within the watershed. Individuals immediately below barriers assigned to both above-barrier (37%) and anadromous (63%) subpopulations, and distinct differences in size and age were observed. However, the majority of downstream migration behavior occurred in fish of anadromous ancestry, which represented 97% of the fish sampled as outmigrating smolts. Nonmigratory fish of both life history types and origins typically had low Na+, K+-ATPase activity levels throughout most of the year, but significantly elevated levels were observed in individuals from both groups during the spring smolt migration period. Conversely, many fish sampled in the upper watershed with anadromous genotypes were greater than typical smolt size thresholds for this population yet appeared unlikely tomigrate based on low Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Life history pathways of O. mykiss in this population are strongly influenced but not entirely determined by origin in the resident or anadromous subpopulation, and this relationship has implications for recovery of populations impacted by dams, water diversions, and residualized hatchery fish. Further, this work demonstrates the need to consider resident rainbow trout as potentially important resources for recovery of threatened and endangered steelhead populations. C1 [Hayes, Sean A.; Hanson, Chad V.; Pearse, Devon E.; Bond, Morgan H.; Garza, John Carlos; MacFarlane, R. Bruce] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hayes, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sean.hayes@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; California Central Coast Salmon Restoration Program; California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, the California Central Coast Salmon Restoration Program, and the California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program. Field assistance was provided by A. Ammann, M. Atcheson, M. Beakes, S. Campbell, A. Collins, M. Durighello, D. Frechette, L. Schilpp, D. Gottesman, E. Freund, J. Harding, K. Hauser, T. Hollenbeck, D. Kaufman, J. Krupa, J. Perez, C. Phillis, C. Michel, A. Osterback, I. Ralston, D. Schperberg, S. Sogard, D. Swank, E. Sturm, R. Weidling, and J. Wong. We thank J. Anderson, G. Charrier, E. Gilbert-Horvath, A. Martinez, H. Starks, and E. Wood-Charlson for assisting with laboratory analysis of DNA samples. Landowner access was provided by Big Creek Lumber Company, the Rowley family, the Wilson family, Lockheed Martin Corporation and Cal Poly's Swanton Pacific Ranch. Animal studies were approved by the University of California Santa Cruz Animal Use Committee and carried out according to National Institutes of Health guidelines and National Marine Fisheries Service Endangered Species Act Section 10 permit 1112. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.686953 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 006CO UT WOS:000308797200008 ER PT J AU Merz, JE Skvorc, P Sogard, SM Watry, C Blankenship, SM Van Nieuwenhuyse, EE AF Merz, Joseph E. Skvorc, Paul Sogard, Susan M. Watry, Clark Blankenship, Scott M. Van Nieuwenhuyse, Erwin E. TI Onset of Melanophore Patterns in the Head Region of Chinook Salmon: A Natural Marker for the Reidentification of Individual Fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GREY NURSE SHARKS; CARCHARIAS-TAURUS; PACIFIC SALMON; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION; TAG; CONSERVATION AB We used pattern recognition algorithms and image processing to identify individual Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Using melanophore spot patterns located on the dorsal head region, algorithms ranked all database images against each other. We coupled this technology with a graphical user interface to visually confirm or reject top-ranked algorithm results and tested this process on 295 juvenile Chinook salmon in seven photo sessions over a 251-d period. Juveniles began developing spots, identifiable in photo images, between 167 and 197 d after conception (52.7-mm fork length [FL]). Unique spot patterns appeared 197-232 d from conception, beginning at approximately 104-mm FL. Of 254 fish surviving the experimental period, 106 (42%) demonstrated identifiable patterns, 102 (40%) developed spots but patterns were insufficient for identification, and 46 (18%) exhibited a complete lack of spots. Spot patterns continued developing on individual fish by study end. On average, fish that developed recognizable spot patterns did so at approximately 140-mm FL. Once they did, reidentification was 100% correct in up to four subsequent trials. Patterns remained identifiable even after a 25-32% size increase over a 55-d period and as juveniles went through smoltification. Although patterns occurred at sizes typically larger than salmon observed at some California Central Valley monitoring locations, this technique provides a potentially valuable, noninvasive method of identifying individual salmon during emigration. Improved image collection techniques and use of body areas exhibiting identifiable patterns at earlier developmental stages may increase fish available for pattern identification. These results demonstrate the indexing of a large database using pattern recognition algorithms for Chinook salmon. The utility of such an approach may be valuable for addressing specific biological questions associated with mass-produced (wild and hatchery), migratory salmonids, especially as individuals develop, grow, and move through the various habitats available to them. C1 [Merz, Joseph E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Merz, Joseph E.; Watry, Clark; Blankenship, Scott M.] Cramer Fish Sci, W Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Skvorc, Paul] Biopar LLC, Wasilla, AK 99687 USA. [Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Van Nieuwenhuyse, Erwin E.] US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Interior, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Merz, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jmerz@fishsciences.net FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) [09PG200118] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), contract 09PG200118. We thank J. Adams, M. Beakes, C. Kern, and N. Parker for fish husbandry, tagging, and photography. The experiments were conducted in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries aquarium facility, Santa Cruz, California, with assistance and supervision by E. Sturm. B. Beckett and C. Laskodi provided image handling and databasemanagement; D. Smyers provided image edit support. The CDFG provided valuable information on Sacramento River late-fall Chinook salmon lengths. Similarly, the BOR provided lengths for fish from the Tracy Fish Collection Facility. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 806 EP 816 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.681014 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 006CO UT WOS:000308797200012 ER PT S AU Aubin, S Gomez, E Behr, JA Pearson, MR Sheng, D Zhang, J Collister, R Melconian, D Flambaum, VV Sprouse, GD Orozco, LA Gwinner, G AF Aubin, S. Gomez, E. Behr, J. A. Pearson, M. R. Sheng, D. Zhang, J. Collister, R. Melconian, D. Flambaum, V. V. Sprouse, G. D. Orozco, L. A. Gwinner, G. BE Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Taylor, FE TI The FrPNC Experiment at TRIUMF: Atomic Parity Non-Conservation in Francium SO 19TH PARTICLES AND NUCLEI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (PANIC11) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Massachusetts Inst Technol, Cambridge, MA SP Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CERN, DESY, GSI, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), L-3 Commun Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr, MIT Ctr Theoret Phys (CTP), MIT Dept Phys, Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Passport Syst Inc, Schlumberger, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Univ Chicago, U S Dept Energy Off Sci, MIT-LNS HO Massachusetts Inst Technol DE Parity violation; anapole moment; laser cooling AB The FrPNC collaboration has begun the construction of an on-line laser cooling and trapping apparatus at TRIUMF to measure atomic parity non-conservation (PNC) and the nuclear anapole moment in a string of artificially produced francium isotopes. Atomic PNC experiments provide unique high precision tests of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model at very low energies. Furthermore, precision measurements of spin-dependent atomic PNC can determine nuclear anapole moments and probe the weak force within the nucleus. Francium is an excellent candidate for precision measurements of atomic PNC due to its simple electronic structure and enhanced parity violation: both the optical PNC and anapole moment signals are expected to be over an order of magnitude larger than in cesium. C1 [Aubin, S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Gomez, E.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Phys, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Behr, J. A.; Pearson, M. R.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Sheng, D.; Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Collister, R.; Gwinner, G.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Melconian, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Sprouse, G. D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Aubin, S (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RI Melconian, Dan/A-1331-2011; Sheng, Dong/J-6640-2014; OI Melconian, Dan/0000-0002-0142-5428; Sprouse, Gene/0000-0002-7526-6490 FU DOE; NSF; NSERC; TRIUMF FX The authors thank the TRIUMF/ISAC francium production team. The collaboration gratefully acknowledges support by DOE, NSF, NSERC, and TRIUMF. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1036-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1441 BP 555 EP 557 DI 10.1063/1.3700615 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBI40 UT WOS:000306963900141 ER PT S AU Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Cooper, RL Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BJ Garcia, A Jones, GL Mumm, HP Nico, JS Thompson, AK Trull, CA Wietfeldt, FE Wilkerson, JF AF Chupp, T. E. Coulter, K. P. Cooper, R. L. Freedman, S. J. Fujikawa, B. J. Garcia, A. Jones, G. L. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. Thompson, A. K. Trull, C. A. Wietfeldt, F. E. Wilkerson, J. F. BE Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Taylor, FE TI A New Limit on Time-Reversal Violation in Beta Decay: Results of the emiTII Experiment SO 19TH PARTICLES AND NUCLEI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (PANIC11) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Massachusetts Inst Technol, Cambridge, MA SP Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CERN, DESY, GSI, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), L-3 Commun Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr, MIT Ctr Theoret Phys (CTP), MIT Dept Phys, Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Passport Syst Inc, Schlumberger, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Univ Chicago, U S Dept Energy Off Sci, MIT-LNS HO Massachusetts Inst Technol DE Time Reversal Invariance; Beta Decay ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATION; NEUTRON DECAY; T-VIOLATION; INVARIANCE; NUCLEAR; TESTS; HE-3; ODD AB We have measured the triple correlation D <(J) over right arrow (n)> . ((p) over right arrow (e) x (p) over right arrow (nu)) with a polarized cold-neutron beam at the NIST Center for Neutron Research by observing proton-electron coincidences in the decay of polarized neutrons. A non-zero value of D can arise due to parity-even-time-reversal-odd interactions that imply CP violation due to the CPT theorem. Final-state effects also contribute to D at the level of 10(-5) and can be calculated with precision of 1% or better. The D coefficient is sensitive to the phase, of l the ratio of axial-vector and vector amplitudes as well as to scalar and tensor interactions that could arise due to beyond-Standard-Model physics such as leptoquarks. Over 300 million proton-electron coincidence events were used in a blind analysis with the result D = [-0.96 +/- 1.89 (stat) +/- 1.01 (sys)] x 10(-4). C1 [Chupp, T. E.; Coulter, K. P.; Cooper, R. L.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garcia, A.; Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ Washington, CENPA, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Garcia, A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jones, G. L.] Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. [Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trull, C. A.; Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Chupp, TE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. OI Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217; Garcia, Alejandro/0000-0001-6056-6645 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1036-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1441 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1063/1.3700625 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBI40 UT WOS:000306963900151 ER PT S AU Striegel, AM Brewer, AK AF Striegel, Andre M. Brewer, Amandaa K. BE Cooks, RG Yeung, ES TI Hydrodynamic Chromatography SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 5 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE multiple detection; particle sizing; polymer characterization; chromatography fundamentals; packed-column HDC; microcapillary HDC ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; PACKED-COLUMNS; SEPARATION; POLYMER; MACROMOLECULES; DEGRADATION; PARTICLES; SILICA AB Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) has experienced a resurgence in recent years for particle and polymer characterization, principally because of its coupling to a multiplicity of physical detection methods. When coupled to light scattering (both multiangle static and quasi-elastic), viscometric, and refractometric detectors, HDC can determine the molar mass, size, shape, and structure of colloidal analytes continuously and as a function of one another, all in a single analysis. In so doing, it exposes the analytes to less shear force (and, hence, less potential for flow-induced degradation) than in, for instance, size-exclusion chromatography. In this review, we discuss the fundamental chromatographic underpinnings of this technique in terms of retention, band broadening, and resolution, and we describe the power of multidetector HDC with examples from the recent literature. C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Amandaa K.] Tosoh Biosci LLC, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov; amandaa.brewer@tosoh.com NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 64 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4405-4 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2012 VL 5 BP 15 EP 34 DI 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143107 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBR12 UT WOS:000307956200003 PM 22708902 ER PT S AU Janajreh, I Simiu, E AF Janajreh, Isam Simiu, Emil BA Jin, W BF Jin, W TI Large Eddy Simulation of Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Structure and Comparison with Wind Tunnel Results SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS, PTS 1-3 SE Applied Mechanics and Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Materials (ICMEM) CY JAN 15-16, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA DE Aerodynamics; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); Large Eddy Simulation; Wind Engineering AB This work presents estimates of time histories of pressure coefficients at several taps on the roof of a 1/200 model of a 200 x 100 x 20 ft low-rise building with a 1/24 slope gable roof building. The estimates were obtained by large eddy simulation (LES). The first and second moments as well as peaks for the time histories are compared with those obtained in boundary layer wind-tunnel measurements at the University of Western Ontario. It is noted that the computation times required to obtain records of length comparable to wind tunnel records are at present prohibitively large. C1 [Janajreh, Isam] Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Simiu, Emil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Janajreh, I (reprint author), Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. EM ijanajreh@masdar.ac.ae; emil.simiu@nist.gov FU NIST [SB1341-05-W-1276 NIST]; Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MI) FX This work is partially supported by NIST under grant number SB1341-05-W-1276 NIST. Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MI) support is highly acknowledged. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-9336 J9 APPL MECH MATER PY 2012 VL 152-154 BP 1806 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.152-154.1806 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BBL98 UT WOS:000307327300326 ER PT J AU Pintar, A Lu, L Anderson-Cook, CM Silver, GL AF Pintar, Adam Lu, Lu Anderson-Cook, Christine M. Silver, Gary L. TI Bayesian Estimation of Reliability for Batches of High Reliability Single-Use Parts SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE batch testing; destructive testing; incorporating expert knowledge; very high reliability AB When batches of critical, very high-reliability single-use parts are being produced, rigorous testing is often required to qualify the parts and allow them to be used by the customer. Frequentist and Bayesian approaches are described for predicting the reliability of the remaining subset of the batch, conditional on all of the other tested parts working correctly. Answers from different methods are compared, their strengths and weaknesses are considered, and their robustness to initial assumptions are examined. Some related questions are explored to consider the impact on reliability from different choices of the relative number of the tested and sale units, and the condition for passing the batch from both the manufacturer's and customers' points of view. We describe the approach in the context of automotive air bag inflation devices on most vehicles, but the approach is relevant to batches of single-use parts that have a very high requirement for reliability and must be destructively tested. C1 [Anderson-Cook, Christine M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pintar, Adam] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anderson-Cook, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM c-and-cook@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 473 EP 485 DI 10.1080/08982112.2012.694334 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 010VR UT WOS:000309123100004 ER PT J AU Baumgardner, D Popovicheva, O Allan, J Bernardoni, V Cao, J Cavalli, F Cozic, J Diapouli, E Eleftheriadis, K Genberg, PJ Gonzalez, C Gysel, M John, A Kirchstetter, TW Kuhlbusch, TAJ Laborde, M Lack, D Muller, T Niessner, R Petzold, A Piazzalunga, A Putaud, JP Schwarz, J Sheridan, P Subramanian, R Swietlicki, E Valli, G Vecchi, R Viana, M AF Baumgardner, D. Popovicheva, O. Allan, J. Bernardoni, V. Cao, J. Cavalli, F. Cozic, J. Diapouli, E. Eleftheriadis, K. Genberg, P. J. Gonzalez, C. Gysel, M. John, A. Kirchstetter, T. W. Kuhlbusch, T. A. J. Laborde, M. Lack, D. Mueller, T. Niessner, R. Petzold, A. Piazzalunga, A. Putaud, J. P. Schwarz, J. Sheridan, P. Subramanian, R. Swietlicki, E. Valli, G. Vecchi, R. Viana, M. TI Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; THERMAL-OPTICAL METHOD; BLACK CARBON; ELEMENTAL CARBON; PARTICULATE MATTER; DIESEL EXHAUST; THERMAL/OPTICAL ANALYSIS; EXTERNAL AGGREGATION AB Soot, which is produced from biomass burning and the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels, has been linked to regional and global climate change and to negative health problems. Scientists measure the properties of soot using a variety of methods in order to quantify source emissions and understand its atmospheric chemistry, reactivity under emission conditions, interaction with solar radiation, influence on clouds, and health impacts. A major obstacle currently limiting progress is the absence of established standards or reference materials for calibrating the many instruments used to measure the various properties of soot. The current state of availability and practicability of soot standard reference materials (SRMs) was reviewed by a group of 50 international experts during a workshop in June of 2011. The workshop was convened to summarize the current knowledge on soot measurement techniques, identify the measurement uncertainties and limitations related to the lack of soot SRMs, and identify attributes of SRMs that, if developed, would reduce measurement uncertainties. The workshop established that suitable SRMs are available for calibrating some, but not all, measurement methods. The community of users of the single-particle soot-photometer (SP2), an instrument using laser-induced incandescence, identified a suitable SRM, fullerene soot, but users of instruments that measure light absorption by soot collected on filters did not. Similarly, those who use thermal optical analysis (TOA) to analyze the organic and elemental carbon components of soot were not satisfied with current SRMs. The workshop, and subsequent, interactive discussions, produced a number of recommendations for the development of new SRMs, and their implementation, that would be suitable for the different soot measurement methods. C1 [Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Popovicheva, O.] State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Allan, J.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Bernardoni, V.; Valli, G.; Vecchi, R.] Univ Milan, Dept Phys, Milan, Italy. [Bernardoni, V.; Valli, G.; Vecchi, R.] Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Milan, Italy. [Cao, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Xian, Peoples R China. [Cavalli, F.; Putaud, J. P.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, European Commis, Ispra, Italy. [Cozic, J.] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, St Martin Dheres, France. [Diapouli, E.; Eleftheriadis, K.] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Technol & Radiat Protect, ERL, Athens 15310, Greece. [Genberg, P. J.; Swietlicki, E.] Lund Univ, Div Nucl Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Gonzalez, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gysel, M.; Laborde, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [John, A.; Kuhlbusch, T. A. J.] IUTA Ev, Air Qual & Sustainable Nanotechnol Unit, Duisburg, Germany. [Kirchstetter, T. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuhlbusch, T. A. J.] Kings Coll London, Environm Res Grp, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Lack, D.; Schwarz, J.; Sheridan, P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lack, D.; Schwarz, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mueller, T.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Niessner, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Petzold, A.] Deutsch Zentrums Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Piazzalunga, A.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Environm & Territorial Sci, Milan, Italy. [Piazzalunga, A.] Univ Milan, Dept Inorgan Metallorgan & Analyt Chem, Milan, Italy. [Subramanian, R.] RTI, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Viana, M.] Spanish Res Council CSIC, IDAEA CSIC Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res I, Barcelona, Spain. RP Baumgardner, D (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM darrel.baumgardner@gmail.com RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Cao, Junji/D-3259-2014; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Subramanian, R/A-4913-2013; Andrea, Piazzalunga/F-2787-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gysel, Martin/C-3843-2008; Swietlicki, Erik/B-9426-2014; Viana, Mar/L-5600-2014; Mueller, Thomas/E-5426-2015; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos/G-2814-2011 OI Vecchi, Roberta/0000-0002-1666-1802; Bernardoni, Vera/0000-0003-1054-9489; Cao, Junji/0000-0003-1000-7241; Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Subramanian, R/0000-0002-5553-5913; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Gysel, Martin/0000-0002-7453-1264; Viana, Mar/0000-0002-4073-3802; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos/0000-0003-2265-4905 FU Gesellschaft fur Aerosolforschung (GAeF); Droplet Measurement Technologies; Sunset Laboratory; Magee Scientific; Russian-Spain CSIC-RFBR [11-08-93989] FX The workshop on soot reference materials was sponsored by the Gesellschaft fur Aerosolforschung (GAeF), Droplet Measurement Technologies, Sunset Laboratory and Magee Scientific. We would like to thank these organizations and businesses for their financial and moral support. We would also like to thank all of the participants for their valuable feedback during the meeting and afterwards during the preparation of this review manuscript. O. Popovicheva and M. Viana thank the Russian-Spain CSIC-RFBR 11-08-93989 project for SRM testing and travel support. NR 93 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 9 U2 79 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1869 EP 1887 DI 10.5194/amt-5-1869-2012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 999DD UT WOS:000308288400002 ER PT J AU Ren, X Mao, J Brune, WH Cantrell, CA Mauldin, RL Hornbrook, RS Kosciuch, E Olson, JR Crawford, JH Chen, G Singh, HB AF Ren, X. Mao, J. Brune, W. H. Cantrell, C. A. Mauldin, R. L., III Hornbrook, R. S. Kosciuch, E. Olson, J. R. Crawford, J. H. Chen, G. Singh, H. B. TI Airborne intercomparison of HOx measurements using laser-induced fluorescence and chemical ionization mass spectrometry during ARCTAS SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OH MEASUREMENTS; PEROXY RADICAL MEASUREMENTS; SIMULATION CHAMBER SAPHIR; PEM-TROPICS-B; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TECHNICAL NOTE; LOW-PRESSURE; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; MODEL COMPARISONS; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB The hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals, collectively called HOx, play central roles in tropospheric chemistry. Accurate measurements of OH and HO2 are critical to examine our understanding of atmospheric chemistry. Intercomparisons of different techniques for detecting OH and HO2 are vital to evaluate their measurement capabilities. Three instruments that measured OH and/or HO2 radicals were deployed on the NASA DC-8 aircraft throughout Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) in the spring and summer of 2008. One instrument was the Penn State Airborne Tropospheric Hydrogen Oxides Sensor (ATHOS) for OH and HO2 measurements based on Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. A second instrument was the NCAR Selected-Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (SI-CIMS) for OH measurement. A third instrument was the NCAR Peroxy Radical Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (PeRCIMS) for HO2 measurement. Formal intercomparison of LIF and CIMS was conducted for the first time on a same aircraft platform. The three instruments were calibrated by quantitative photolysis of water vapor by ultraviolet (UV) light at 184.9 nm with three different calibration systems. The absolute accuracies were +/- 32% (2 sigma) for the LIF instrument, +/- 65% (2 sigma) for the SI-CIMS instrument, and +/- 50% (2 sigma) for the PeRCIMS instrument. In general, good agreement was obtained between the CIMS and LIF measurements of both OH and HO2 measurements. Linear regression of the entire data set yields [OH](CIMS) = 0.89 x [OH](LIF) + 2.8 x 10(4) cm(-3) with a correlation coefficient r(2) = 0.72 for OH, and [HO2](CIMS) = 0.86 x [HO2](LIF) + 3.9 parts per trillion by volume (pptv, equivalent to pmol mol(-1)) with a correlation coefficient r(2) = 0.72 for HO2. In general, the difference between CIMS and LIF instruments for OH and HO2 measurements can be explained by their combined measurement uncertainties. Comparison with box model results shows some similarities for both the CIMS and LIF measurements. First, the observed-to-modeled HO2 ratio increases greatly for higher NO mixing ratios, indicating that the model may not properly account for HOx sources that correlate with NO. Second, the observed-to-modeled OH ratio increases with increasing isoprene mixing ratios, suggesting either incomplete understanding of isoprene chemistry in the model or interferences in the measurements in environments where biogenic emissions dominate ambient volatile organic compounds. C1 [Ren, X.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mao, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cantrell, C. A.; Mauldin, R. L., III; Hornbrook, R. S.; Kosciuch, E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Olson, J. R.; Crawford, J. H.; Chen, G.] NASA, Sci Directorate, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Ren, X (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM xinrong.ren@noaa.gov RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554 FU NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program [NNH07ZDA001N-ARCTAS, NNX08AH67G] FX This work was supported by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program (NNH07ZDA001N-ARCTAS and NNX08AH67G). The authors thank the DC-8 management, crew, and support staff during the ARCTAS preparation and deployment, other ARCTAS research groups for the use of their data in the model, and D. M. Shelow, A. Ortega, and L. Zhang for help in the field and laboratory experiments. The authors also thank the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 8 BP 2025 EP 2037 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2025-2012 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 999DD UT WOS:000308288400012 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Stutz, J AF Brown, Steven S. Stutz, Jochen TI Nighttime radical observations and chemistry SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-PHASE REACTION; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTIONS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The nitrate radical, NO3, is photochemically unstable but is one of the most chemically important species in the nocturnal atmosphere. It is accompanied by the presence of dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, with which it is in rapid thermal equilibrium at lower tropospheric temperatures. These two nitrogen oxides participate in numerous atmospheric chemical systems. NO3 reactions with VOCs and organic sulphur species are important, or in some cases even dominant, oxidation pathways, impacting the budgets of these species and their degradation products. These oxidative reactions, together with the ozonolysis of alkenes, are also responsible for the nighttime production and cycling of OH and peroxy (HO2 + RO2) radicals. In addition, reactions of NO3 with biogenic hydrocarbons are particularly efficient and are responsible for the production of organic nitrates and secondary organic aerosol. Heterogeneous chemistry of N2O5 is one of the major processes responsible for the atmospheric removal of nitrogen oxides as well as the cycling of halogen species though the production of nitryl chloride, ClNO2. The chemistry of NO3 and N2O5 is also important to the regulation of both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. Here we review the essential features of this atmospheric chemistry, along with field observations of NO3, N2O5, nighttime peroxy and OH radicals, and related compounds. This review builds on existing reviews of this chemistry, and encompasses field, laboratory and modelling work spanning more than three decades. C1 [Brown, Steven S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov; jochen@atmos.ucla.edu RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 486 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 24 U2 238 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6405 EP 6447 DI 10.1039/c2cs35181a PG 43 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 002TP UT WOS:000308559100008 PM 22907130 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM Naik, V Spracklen, DV Steiner, A Unger, N Prather, M Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, PJ Cionni, I Collins, WJ Dalsoren, S Eyring, V Folberth, GA Ginoux, P Horowitz, LW Josse, B Lamarque, JF MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T O'Connor, FM Righi, M Rumbold, ST Shindell, DT Skeie, RB Sudo, K Szopa, S Takemura, T Zeng, G AF Fiore, Arlene M. Naik, Vaishali Spracklen, Dominick V. Steiner, Allison Unger, Nadine Prather, Michael Bergmann, Dan Cameron-Smith, Philip J. Cionni, Irene Collins, William J. Dalsoren, Stig Eyring, Veronika Folberth, Gerd A. Ginoux, Paul Horowitz, Larry W. Josse, Beatrice Lamarque, Jean-Francois MacKenzie, Ian A. Nagashima, Tatsuya O'Connor, Fiona M. Righi, Mattia Rumbold, Steven T. Shindell, Drew T. Skeie, Ragnhild B. Sudo, Kengo Szopa, Sophie Takemura, Toshihiko Zeng, Guang TI Global air quality and climate SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES IMPLICATIONS; US ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; METHANE EMISSION CONTROLS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; EUROPEAN HEAT-WAVE; NEAR-SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AB Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors determine regional air quality and can alter climate. Climate change can perturb the long-range transport, chemical processing, and local meteorology that influence air pollution. We review the implications of projected changes in methane (CH4), ozone precursors (O-3), and aerosols for climate (expressed in terms of the radiative forcing metric or changes in global surface temperature) and hemispheric-to-continental scale air quality. Reducing the O-3 precursor CH4 would slow near-term warming by decreasing both CH4 and tropospheric O-3. Uncertainty remains as to the net climate forcing from anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, which increase tropospheric O-3 (warming) but also increase aerosols and decrease CH4 (both cooling). Anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and non-CH4 volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) warm by increasing both O-3 and CH4. Radiative impacts from secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are poorly understood. Black carbon emission controls, by reducing the absorption of sunlight in the atmosphere and on snow and ice, have the potential to slow near-term warming, but uncertainties in coincident emissions of reflective (cooling) aerosols and poorly constrained cloud indirect effects confound robust estimates of net climate impacts. Reducing sulfate and nitrate aerosols would improve air quality and lessen interference with the hydrologic cycle, but lead to warming. A holistic and balanced view is thus needed to assess how air pollution controls influence climate; a first step towards this goal involves estimating net climate impacts from individual emission sectors. Modeling and observational analyses suggest a warming climate degrades air quality (increasing surface O-3 and particulate matter) in many populated regions, including during pollution episodes. Prior Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios (SRES) allowed unconstrained growth, whereas the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios assume uniformly an aggressive reduction, of air pollutant emissions. New estimates from the current generation of chemistry-climate models with RCP emissions thus project improved air quality over the next century relative to those using the IPCC SRES scenarios. These two sets of projections likely bracket possible futures. We find that uncertainty in emission-driven changes in air quality is generally greater than uncertainty in climate-driven changes. Confidence in air quality projections is limited by the reliability of anthropogenic emission trajectories and the uncertainties in regional climate responses, feedbacks with the terrestrial biosphere, and oxidation pathways affecting O-3 and SOA. C1 [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Naik, Vaishali] NOAA, UCAR Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Spracklen, Dominick V.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Steiner, Allison] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Unger, Nadine] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Prather, Michael] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Bergmann, Dan; Cameron-Smith, Philip J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, Irene] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Collins, William J.; Folberth, Gerd A.; O'Connor, Fiona M.; Rumbold, Steven T.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dalsoren, Stig; Skeie, Ragnhild B.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm, CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Eyring, Veronika; Righi, Mattia] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Ginoux, Paul; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Josse, Beatrice] CNRS Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Meteo France, GAME CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [MacKenzie, Ian A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Nagashima, Tatsuya] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Shindell, Drew T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Sudo, Kengo] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Szopa, Sophie] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm LSCE IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Zeng, Guang] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. EM amfiore@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Folberth, Gerd/F-7376-2010; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Steiner, Allison/F-4942-2011; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Spracklen, Dominick/B-4890-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013 OI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700 FU NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) [NNX12AF15G]; UK National Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G015015/1]; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Natural Environment Research Council; DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) Project; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank K.-D. Gottschaldt and F. Dentener for useful comments on earlier versions and O. Wild for providing text files of the TF HTAP model projections for 2030 and 2050. Funding is acknowledged from: the NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) (NNX12AF15G) to AMF; the UK National Environment Research Council (NERC) (NE/G015015/1) to DVS; the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101) to WJC, GAF, FMO and SR; the Natural Environment Research Council to IAM; the DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) Project (VE, MR); New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding and NIWA HPC facility (GZ). The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The work by LLNL was performed under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and used the computing resources of NERSC, which is supported by the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 364 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 30 U2 324 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6663 EP 6683 DI 10.1039/c2cs35095e PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 002TP UT WOS:000308559100017 PM 22868337 ER PT J AU Kelly, GE Bushby, ST AF Kelly, George E. Bushby, Steven T. TI Are intelligent agents the key to optimizing building HVAC system performance? SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This article describes the development and implementation of a simulation testbed used to study the concept of employing intelligent agents to optimize the performance of building HVAC systems. One-day simulated cost savings results are presented for intelligent agents employing both a simple optimization method and an advanced optimization method. The potential benefits and problems associated with each method are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research efforts leading to the application of intelligent agents in real building. C1 [Kelly, George E.; Bushby, Steven T.] NIST, Engn Lab, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20199 USA. RP Bushby, ST (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Bldg Environm Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20199 USA. EM steven.bushby@nist.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 750 EP 759 DI 10.1080/10789669.2012.682693 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 996YG UT WOS:000308130100017 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, GP Podobedov, VB AF Eppeldauer, George P. Podobedov, V. B. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI PV-MCT working standard radiometer SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE current responsivity; infra