FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Nagaoka, SM
Martins, AS
dos Santos, RG
Tognella, MMP
de Oliveira, EC
Seminoff, JA
AF Nagaoka, Shany Mayumi
Martins, Agnaldo Silva
dos Santos, Robson Guimaraes
Pereira Tognella, Monica Maria
de Oliveira Filho, Eurico Cabral
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
TI Diet of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) associating with
artisanal fishing traps in a subtropical estuary in Brazil
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-TURTLES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; NORTH-CAROLINA; TORRES STRAIT; CALIFORNIA;
HABITAT; MEXICO
AB The diet of 50 juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas live-captured incidentally by fixed fishing traps between January and June 2009 in Cananeia Estuarine-Lagoon complex, Brazil, was studied through analysis of esophageal lavage samples. Green turtles consumed an omnivorous diet, with 18 food components identified and grouped into 4 categories as follows: terrestrial plants, algae, invertebrates, and seagrass. Black mangrove leaves were of the greatest importance to diet. Turtles incidentally get into fixed traps probably because these devices are located on mangrove margins, where they forage. The additional foods suggest that green turtles also feed opportunistically on material adhered to the trap structure and/or on items that cross into its interior. Green turtle diet in estuarine environments appears to be determined by the availability of food components, with some selectivity toward items of apparently greater nutritional value.
C1 [Nagaoka, Shany Mayumi; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; dos Santos, Robson Guimaraes] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
[Pereira Tognella, Monica Maria] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CEUNES, Dept Ciencias Saude Biol & Agr, BR-29933415 Sao Mateus, ES, Brazil.
[de Oliveira Filho, Eurico Cabral] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Bot, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
[Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Nagaoka, SM (reprint author), Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
EM shanynagaoka@yahoo.com.br
RI Martins, Agnaldo/F-1615-2011; Tognella, Monica/G-6451-2012; SANTOS,
ROBSON/E-7183-2010
OI Martins, Agnaldo/0000-0003-2160-1326; Tognella,
Monica/0000-0002-1521-8251; SANTOS, ROBSON/0000-0001-5240-6799
FU FAPES; CNPq (ASM) [308867/2006-8]
FX We thank the FAPES and CNPq (ASM grant 308867/2006-8) for the financial
support. This research was permitted by ICMBio/SISBIO (license 18781-1).
NR 52
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 28
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 3
BP 573
EP 581
DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1836-y
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 913BN
UT WOS:000301846400010
ER
PT J
AU McDonald, BI
Goebel, ME
Crocker, DE
Costa, DP
AF McDonald, Birgitte I.
Goebel, Michael E.
Crocker, Daniel E.
Costa, Daniel P.
TI Biological and Environmental Drivers of Energy Allocation in a Dependent
Mammal, the Antarctic Fur Seal Pup
SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; MILK CONSUMPTION; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS;
HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLII;
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POSTWEANING FAST; DIVING BEHAVIOR; BIGHORN SHEEP
AB Little is known about how variation in the pattern and magnitude of parental effort influences allocation decisions in offspring. We determined the energy budget of Antarctic fur seal pups and examined the relative importance of timing of provisioning, pup traits (mass, condition, sex), and weather (wind chill and solar radiation) on allocation of energy obtained in milk by measuring milk energy intake, field metabolic rate (FMR), and growth rate in 48 Antarctic fur seal pups over three developmental stages (perinatal, premolt, and molt). The relative amount of milk energy used for growth was 59.1% +/- 8.1% during the perinatal period but decreased to 23.4% +/- 15.5% and 26.0% +/- 13.9% during the premolt and molt. This decrease was associated with a greater amount of time spent fasting, along with an increase in pup activity while the mother was at sea foraging. Average daily milk intake, pup mass, and condition were all important in determining how much energy was available for growth, but the amount of energy obtained as milk was the single most important factor determining pup growth. While mean mass-specific FMR did not change with developmental stage (range = 1.74-1.77 mL O-2/g/h), the factors that accounted for variation in FMR did. Weather (wind chill and solar radiation) and pup traits (mass and condition) influenced mass-specific FMR, but these impacts varied across development. This study provides information about the factors influencing how offspring allocate energy toward growth and maintenance and improves our predictions about how a changing environment may affect energy allocation in pups.
C1 [McDonald, Birgitte I.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Goebel, Michael E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
[Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA.
RP McDonald, BI (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, 9500 Gilman Dr,0204, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM gitte.mcdonald@gmail.com
FU U.S. AMLR; NSF Office of Polar [0440687]; U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA); NSF
FX We thank all those who assisted with the collection of the data, in
particular C. Champagne, R. Haner, and S. Seganti. Logistical support
was provided by the U.S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR)
Program, the National Science Foundation (NSF) U.S. Antarctic Program,
and Raytheon Polar Services. This research was funded by the U.S. AMLR
Program and NSF Office of Polar Programs grant 0440687 to D.P.C, D.E.C.,
and M.E.G. B.I.M. was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship
Program and an NSF graduate fellowship. EPA has not officially endorsed
this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the
views of the EPA.
NR 77
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 31
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1522-2152
J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL
JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
BP 134
EP 147
DI 10.1086/664948
PG 14
WC Physiology; Zoology
SC Physiology; Zoology
GA 911QO
UT WOS:000301734400003
PM 22418706
ER
PT J
AU Colt, J
Watten, B
Pfeiffer, T
AF Colt, John
Watten, Barnaby
Pfeiffer, Tim
TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture. Part 1: Terminology and
reporting
SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon dioxide stripping; Carbonate chemisty; Standardized reporting
ID WATER-QUALITY; REUSE SYSTEMS; PH; SEAWATER; CULTURE; SOLUBILITY;
ALKALINITY; PHYSIOLOGY; TITRATION; AERATION
AB The removal of carbon dioxide gas in aquacultural systems is much more complex than for oxygen or nitrogen gas because of liquid reactions of carbon dioxide and their kinetics. Almost all published carbon dioxide removal information for aquaculture is based on the apparent removal value after the CO2(aq)+ HOH double left right arrow H2CO3 reaction has reached equilibrium. The true carbon dioxide removal is larger than the apparent value, especially for high alkalinities and seawater. For low alkalinity freshwaters (< 2000 mu eq/kg), the difference between the true and apparent removal is small and can be ignored for many applications. Analytical and reporting standards are recommended to improve our understanding of carbon dioxide removal. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
[Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM john.colt@noaa.gov
FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230]
FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant
No. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research,
Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food &
Agriculture (NIFA)).
NR 46
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0144-8609
J9 AQUACULT ENG
JI Aquac. Eng.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 47
BP 27
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.008
PG 11
WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries
SC Agriculture; Fisheries
GA 910KQ
UT WOS:000301636000004
ER
PT J
AU Colt, J
Watten, B
Pfeiffer, T
AF Colt, John
Watten, Barnaby
Pfeiffer, Tim
TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture - Part II: Development of gas
transfer models
SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Mass transfer; Gas transfer models; Carbon dioxide stripping
ID AERATION SYSTEMS; REUSE SYSTEMS; FISH TANKS; ABSORPTION; PH
AB The basic mass transfer equation for gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can be derived from integration of the driving force equation. Because of the physical characteristics of the gas transfer processes, slightly different models are used for aerators tested under the non steady-state procedures, than for packed columns, or weirs. It is suggested that the standard condition for carbon dioxide should be 20 degrees C, 1 atm, C-CO2 = 20 mg/kg, and X-CO2 = 0.000285. The selection of the standard condition for carbon dioxide based on a fixed mole fraction ensures that standardized carbon dioxide transfer rates will be comparable even though the value of C*(CO2) in the atmosphere is increasing with time. The computation of mass transfer for carbon dioxide is complicated by the impact of water depth and gas phase enrichment on the saturation concentration within the unit, although the importance of either factor depends strongly on the specific type of aerator. For some types of aerators, the most accurate gas phase model remains to be determined for carbon dioxide. The assumption that carbon dioxide can be treated as a non-reactive gas in packed columns may apply for cold acidic waters but not for warm alkaline waters. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
[Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM john.colt@noaa.gov
FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230]
FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant
no. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research,
Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food &
Agriculture (NIFA)).
NR 36
TC 2
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0144-8609
J9 AQUACULT ENG
JI Aquac. Eng.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 47
BP 38
EP 46
DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.002
PG 9
WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries
SC Agriculture; Fisheries
GA 910KQ
UT WOS:000301636000005
ER
PT J
AU Colt, J
Watten, B
Pfeiffer, T
AF Colt, John
Watten, Barnaby
Pfeiffer, Tim
TI Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture - Part III: Model verification
SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon dioxide stripping; Gas transfer models; Carbon dioxide saturation
models
ID SULFITE OXIDATION; SEAWATER; DISSOCIATION; CONSTANTS; OXYGEN; WATER;
ACID
AB Based on conventional mass transfer models developed for oxygen, the use of the non-linear ASCE method, 2-point method, and one parameter linear-regression method were evaluated for carbon dioxide stripping data. For values of K(L)a(CO2) < approximately 1.5/h, the 2-point or ASCE method are a good fit to experimental data, but the fit breaks down at higher values of K(L)a(CO2). How to correct K(L)a(CO2) for gas phase enrichment remains to be determined. The one-parameter linear regression model was used to vary the C*(CO2) over the test, but it did not result in a better fit to the experimental data when compared to the ASCE or fixed C*(CO2) assumptions.
For the packed column, the conventional mass transfer equation assumes that C*(CO2) is a constant within the column while the variable model assumes that C*(CO2) changes. When the column is divided into a large number of segments (300-500), the two models give comparable results because the change in mole fraction across an individual segment is small. For a smaller number of segments, the variable model is more accurate than the conventional model. K-20(CO2) values need to be computed from the variable mass transfer model because of the large change in mole fraction across the entire column. The variability of K-20(CO2) is reduced when the kinetics are slow (low pH and temperature). Future experimental work should start in this region and move toward faster kinetics (higher pH and temperature). Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Colt, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
[Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
RP Colt, J (reprint author), Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM john.colt@noaa.gov
FU National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-38500-19230]
FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant
no. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research,
Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food &
Agriculture (NIFA)).
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0144-8609
J9 AQUACULT ENG
JI Aquac. Eng.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 47
BP 47
EP 59
DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.007
PG 13
WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries
SC Agriculture; Fisheries
GA 910KQ
UT WOS:000301636000006
ER
PT J
AU Moore, SE
Reeves, RR
Southall, BL
Ragen, TJ
Suydam, RS
Clark, CW
AF Moore, Sue E.
Reeves, Randall R.
Southall, Brandon L.
Ragen, Timothy J.
Suydam, Robert S.
Clark, Christopher W.
TI A New Framework for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on
Marine Mammals in a Rapidly Changing Arctic
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic; marine mammals; acoustic habitats
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN; CONSERVATION; NOISE
AB The recent loss of Arctic sea ice provides humans unprecedented access to the region. Marine mammals rely on sound as a primary sensory modality, and the noise associated with increasing human activities offshore can interfere with vital life functions. Many coastal communities rely on marine mammals for food and cultural identity, and subsistence hunters have expressed strong concerns that underwater sound from human activities negatively affects both the animals and hunting success. Federal regulations require scientists and oil and gas operators to acquire incidental harassment authorizations for activities that may disturb marine mammals. Currently, authorization requests are focused on the impacts of sound from activities considered in isolation of one another, and this precludes any possibility of a meaningful analysis of the cumulative impacts from multiple sources. We propose a new assessment framework that is based on the acoustic habitats that constitute the aggregate sound field from multiple sources, compiled at spatial and temporal scales consistent with the ecology of Arctic marine mammals.
C1 [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA USA.
[Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Associates, Hudson, PQ, Canada.
[Southall, Brandon L.] Safety & Environm Associates, Aptos, CA USA.
[Ragen, Timothy J.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Suydam, Robert S.] N Slope Borough, Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK USA.
[Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY USA.
RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA USA.
EM sue.moore@noaa.gov
NR 39
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 9
U2 69
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 62
IS 3
BP 289
EP 295
DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.3.10
PG 7
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 909JX
UT WOS:000301561900012
ER
PT J
AU Ceylan, D
Tuna, G
Kirkali, G
Dizdaroglu, M
Tunca, Z
Yesilyurt, S
Ozerdem, A
AF Ceylan, D.
Tuna, G.
Kirkali, G.
Dizdaroglu, M.
Tunca, Z.
Yesilyurt, S.
Ozerdem, A.
TI DNA damage in bipolar disorder: a quantitative assessment by using Gas
Chromatography-Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
SO BIPOLAR DISORDERS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 5th Biennial Conference of the
International-Society-for-Bipolar-Disorders
CY MAR 14-17, 2012
CL Istanbul, TURKEY
SP Int Soc Bipolar Disorders
DE DNA damage; bipolar disorder; GC-MS method
C1 [Ceylan, D.; Tunca, Z.; Yesilyurt, S.; Ozerdem, A.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Izmir, Turkey.
[Tuna, G.; Kirkali, G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey.
[Dizdaroglu, M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI ceylan, deniz/E-9415-2017
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1398-5647
J9 BIPOLAR DISORD
JI Bipolar Disord.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 14
SU 1
SI SI
BP 66
EP 66
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 908ZG
UT WOS:000301531000136
ER
PT J
AU Windom, BC
Huber, ML
Bruno, TJ
Lown, AL
Lira, CT
AF Windom, B. C.
Huber, M. L.
Bruno, T. J.
Lown, A. L.
Lira, C. T.
TI Measurements and Modeling Study on a High-Aromatic Diesel Fuel
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPLICIT DISTILLATION CURVES; DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SURROGATE
MIXTURE MODEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL;
THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; OXYGENATE ADDITIVES; EXHAUST
EMISSIONS; REFORMULATED FUELS
AB The increasing cost of diesel fuel, potential for supply disruptions, and environmental concerns have resulted in a great deal of research to improve the performance and efficiency of diesel engines. This includes significant efforts in the reformulation of conventional diesel fuels and the development of renewable diesel fuels. An integral part of work on diesel fuels has been the measurement and modeling of the thermophysical properties of the fuels; this knowledge is critical to effective design and application. In this paper, we present the development of a model for thermodynamic and transport properties for a conventional diesel fuel based on our measurements of chemical composition, density, viscosity, and volatility. This information, along with the cetane number and heat of combustion, was used to develop surrogate mixture models. The models contain constituent fluids representative of those found in the fuel and were designed to represent thermophysical properties (density, viscosity, and volatility) and also the heat of combustion and cetane number. Comparisons (calculated with the surrogate models) to limited density and viscosity experimental data are within 0.6 and 2%, respectively. The model represents the cetane number of the fuel to within 2 cetane numbers and the heat of combustion to within 5%. The volatility behavior, indicated by the temperatures obtained from the advanced distillation curve method, is reproduced to within 0.5%.
C1 [Windom, B. C.; Huber, M. L.; Bruno, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Lown, A. L.; Lira, C. T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
RI Lira, Carl/N-4177-2016;
OI Lown, Anne/0000-0003-0486-0836; Lira, Carl/0000-0002-3957-6344
NR 71
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 3
BP 1787
EP 1797
DI 10.1021/ef201861b
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 908SA
UT WOS:000301509300032
ER
PT J
AU Laesecke, A
Fortin, TJ
Splettt, JD
AF Laesecke, Arno
Fortin, Tara J.
Splettt, Jolene D.
TI Density, Speed of Sound, and Viscosity Measurements of Reference
Materials for Biofuels
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID AVIATION TURBINE FUELS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MIXTURES; PRESSURE;
JET
AB Measurements of density, speed of sound, and viscosity have been carried out on liquid certified reference materials for biofuels as a function of temperature at ambient pressure. The samples included anhydrous and hydrated bioethanol and two biodiesel fuels from different feedstocks, soy and animal fat. The ethanol samples were measured from a maximum temperature of 60 to 5 degrees C (speed of sound) and to -10 degrees C (density and viscosity), respectively. The biodiesel samples were characterized from 100 degrees C (density and viscosity) and from 70 degrees C (speed of sound) to 10 degrees C (animal fat-based) and 5 degrees C (soy-based). Densities were measured with two vibrating-tube instruments of different accuracy. The speeds of sound were measured with a propagation-time method in an acoustic cell that was combined with one of the densimeters. Viscosities were measured with an open gravitational capillary viscometer and with a rotating concentric cylinder viscometer, according to Stabinger. The measurement results are reported with detailed uncertainty analyses.
C1 [Laesecke, Arno; Fortin, Tara J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Splettt, Jolene D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Laesecke, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Arno.Laesecke@Boulder.NIST.Gov
NR 30
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 32
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 3
BP 1844
EP 1861
DI 10.1021/ef201645r
PG 18
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 908SA
UT WOS:000301509300038
ER
PT J
AU Van Buren, J
Abel, K
Lovestead, TM
Bruno, TJ
AF Van Buren, Jean
Abel, Kathryn
Lovestead, Tara M.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Volatility of Mixtures of JP-8 with Biomass Derived Hydroprocessed
Renewable Jet Fuels by the Composition Explicit Distillation Curve
Method
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY;
IMPROVEMENTS; MODEL; GASOLINE; S-8
AB In this paper, we apply the composition explicit distillation curve method to mixtures of JP-8 with hydroprocessed aviation fuels made from camelina (a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae), from castor seed (Ricinus communis), and from waste brown grease used with the Fischer-Tropsch process. For the camelina fuel, the departures (with respect to JP-8) in volatility and in enthalpy of combustion are significant for mixtures with 25 and 50% (v/v) in JP-8. Mixtures with only 10% camelina fuel (v/v) show relatively minor departures. In all cases, the departures (with respect to JP-8) are to lower temperatures (higher volatility) and lower molar enthalpy of combustion. Mixtures of castor based fuel with JP-8 show essentially no departures in volatility or molar enthalpy of combustion up to the 40% distillate volume fraction. Subsequent to this distillate volume fraction, departures are very apparent, with mixtures showing lower volatility and higher molar enthalpy of combustion with higher volume fractions of castor based HRJ. Mixtures of the brown grease based fuel show departures to lower volatility and to higher molar enthalpy of combustion (with respect to JP-8) as the volume fraction of the brown grease SPK increases.
C1 [Van Buren, Jean; Abel, Kathryn; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU NIST; National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council at NIST
FX J.V.B. and K.R.A. gratefully acknowledge Summer Undergraduate Research
Fellowships (SURF) at NIST. T.M.L. acknowledges a National Academy of
Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship at NIST. We
acknowledge the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research
Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, for the samples of fuel
measured in this effort.
NR 48
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 3
BP 1964
EP 1974
DI 10.1021/ef300054g
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 908SA
UT WOS:000301509300049
ER
PT J
AU Heintz, RA
Rice, SD
Carls, MG
Short, JW
AF Heintz, Ron A.
Rice, Stanley D.
Carls, Mark G.
Short, Jeffery W.
TI SENSITIVITY OF PINK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA) EMBRYOS TO WEATHERED
CRUDE OIL Reply
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Letter
ID FISH EMBRYOS
C1 [Heintz, Ron A.; Rice, Stanley D.; Carls, Mark G.] NOAA Fisheries, Juneau, AK USA.
[Short, Jeffery W.] JWS Consulting, Juneau, AK USA.
RP Heintz, RA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Juneau, AK USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 31
IS 3
DI 10.1002/etc.1731
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 898ED
UT WOS:000300717800006
ER
PT J
AU Heintz, RA
Short, JW
Rice, SD
Carls, MG
AF Heintz, Ron A.
Short, Jeffery W.
Rice, Stanley D.
Carls, Mark G.
TI SENSITIVITY OF PINK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA) EMBRYOS TO WEATHERED
CRUDE OIL Reply
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Letter
ID FISH EMBRYOS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE
C1 [Heintz, Ron A.; Rice, Stanley D.; Carls, Mark G.] NOAA Fisheries, Juneau, AK USA.
[Short, Jeffery W.] JWS Consulting, Juneau, AK USA.
RP Heintz, RA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Juneau, AK USA.
NR 7
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 31
IS 3
DI 10.1002/etc.693
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 898ED
UT WOS:000300717800004
ER
PT J
AU Jahn, A
Sterling, K
Holland, MM
Kay, JE
Maslanik, JA
Bitz, CM
Bailey, DA
Stroeve, J
Hunke, EC
Lipscomb, WH
Pollak, DA
AF Jahn, Alexandra
Sterling, Kara
Holland, Marika M.
Kay, Jennifer E.
Maslanik, James A.
Bitz, Cecilia M.
Bailey, David A.
Stroeve, Julienne
Hunke, Elizabeth C.
Lipscomb, William H.
Pollak, Daniel A.
TI Late-Twentieth-Century Simulation of Arctic Sea Ice and Ocean Properties
in the CCSM4
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRESH-WATER FLUX; THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; BARENTS SEA; THERMODYNAMIC
MODEL; LANCASTER SOUND; CLIMATE MODELS; NARES STRAIT; VARIABILITY; HEAT;
ARCHIPELAGO
AB To establish how well the new Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) simulates the properties of the Arctic sea ice and ocean, results from six CCSM4 twentieth-century ensemble simulations are compared here with the available data. It is found that the CCSM4 simulations capture most of the important climatological features of the Arctic sea ice and ocean state well, among them the sea ice thickness distribution, fraction of multiyear sea ice, and sea ice edge. The strongest bias exists in the simulated spring-to-fall sea ice motion field, the location of the Beaufort Gyre, and the temperature of the deep Arctic Ocean (below 250 m), which are caused by deficiencies in the simulation of the Arctic sea level pressure field and the lack of deep-water formation on the Arctic shelves. The observed decrease in the sea ice extent and the multiyear ice cover is well captured by the CCSM4. It is important to note, however, that the temporal evolution of the simulated Arctic sea ice cover over the satellite era is strongly influenced by internal variability. For example, while one ensemble member shows an even larger decrease in the sea ice extent over 1981-2005 than that observed, two ensemble members show no statistically significant trend over the same period. It is therefore important to compare the observed sea ice extent trend not just with the ensemble mean or a multimodel ensemble mean, but also with individual ensemble members, because of the strong imprint of internal variability on these relatively short trends.
C1 [Jahn, Alexandra; Holland, Marika M.; Kay, Jennifer E.; Bailey, David A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Sterling, Kara] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Sterling, Kara] NOAA NWS W Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK USA.
[Maslanik, James A.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bitz, Cecilia M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Stroeve, Julienne] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hunke, Elizabeth C.; Lipscomb, William H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Program, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Pollak, Daniel A.] Penn State Univ, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Jahn, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM ajahn@ucar.edu
RI Kay, Jennifer/C-6042-2012; Jahn, Alexandra/C-6545-2008; Bindoff,
Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016
OI Jahn, Alexandra/0000-0002-6580-2579; Bindoff,
Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499
FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0902068, ARC-0909313]; NCAR; Arctic
Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks
(UAF); Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization
Program; International Arctic Research Center (IARC), UAF; NASA
[NNGO4GO51G, NNG06GB26G]; Biological and Environmental Research division
of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; National Science
Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy;
National Science Foundation and other agencies
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the
National Science Foundation.; Special thanks to Igor V. Polyakov (IARC)
and Uma S. Bhatt (IARC) for their advice on the analysis of the Atlantic
water properties, to Clara Deser (NCAR) and Ron Kwok (JPL) for
discussions, and to the reviewer and editor for comments on earlier
versions of the manuscript. Alexandra Jahn was supported through a
Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Advances Study Program at NCAR. Kara
Sterling was supported in part by a grant of HPC resources from the
Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska
Fairbanks (UAF) as part of the Department of Defense High Performance
Computing Modernization Program and by the International Arctic Research
Center (IARC), UAF. Marika Holland acknowledges support through NSF
OPP-0902068. Cecilia M. Bitz acknowledges support through NSF Grant
ARC-0909313. Julienne Stroeve acknowledges funding from NASA under
Grants NNGO4GO51G and NNG06GB26G. Elizabeth Hunke and William Lipscomb
acknowledge funding from the Biological and Environmental Research
division of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Los Alamos
National Laboratory is operated by the National Nuclear Security
Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
DEAC52-06NA25396. The CESM project is supported by the National Science
Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of
Energy. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation
Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory
(CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies.
The CMIP5 simulations used in this research were enabled by CISL
computer and storage resources. Bluefire, a 4064-processor IBM Power6
resource with a peak of 77 TeraFLOPS provided more than 7.5 million
computing hours, the GLADE high-speed disk resources provided 0.4 PB of
dedicated disk, and CISL's 12-PB HPSS archive provided over 1 PB of
storage in support of the research project.
NR 81
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 50
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 5
BP 1431
EP 1452
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00201.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 905ZR
UT WOS:000301315200004
ER
PT J
AU Young, PJ
Rosenlof, KH
Solomon, S
Sherwood, SC
Fu, Q
Lamarque, JF
AF Young, Paul J.
Rosenlof, Karen H.
Solomon, Susan
Sherwood, Steven C.
Fu, Qiang
Lamarque, Jean-Francois
TI Changes in Stratospheric Temperatures and Their Implications for Changes
in the Brewer Dobson Circulation, 1979-2005
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMISPHERE HIGH-LATITUDES; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; MODEL SIMULATIONS;
MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; OZONE DEPLETION; RADIOSONDE DATA; SEASONAL CYCLE;
TRENDS; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY
AB Seasonally and vertically resolved changes in the strength of the Brewer Dobson circulation (BDC) were inferred using temperatures measured by the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU), Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU), and radiosondes.
Linear trends in an empirically derived "BDC index" (extratropical minus tropical temperatures), over 1979-2005, were found to be consistent with a significant strengthening of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) branch of the BDC during December throughout the depth of the stratosphere. Trends in the same index suggest a significant strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere branch of the BDC during August through to the midstratosphere, as well as a significant weakening during March in the NH lower stratosphere. Such trends, however, are only significant if it is assumed that interannual variability due to the BDC can be removed by regression of the tropics against the extratropics and vice versa (i.e., exploiting the out-of-phase nature of tropical and extratropical temperatures as demonstrated by previous studies of temperature and the BDC).
The possibility that the apparent lower-stratosphere BDC December strengthening and March weakening could point to a change in the seasonal cycle of the circulation is also explored. The differences between a 1979-91 average and 1995-2005 average tropical temperature seasonal cycle in lower-stratospheric MSU data show an apparent shift in the minimum from February to January, consistent with a change in the timing of the maximum wave driving. Additionally, the importance of decadal variability in shaping the overall trends is highlighted, in particular for the suggested March BDC weakening, which may now be strengthening from a minimum in the 1990s.
C1 [Young, Paul J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Young, Paul J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sherwood, Steven C.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Young, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway R CSD8, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM paul.j.young@noaa.gov
RI Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Sherwood,
Steven/B-5673-2008; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270;
Sherwood, Steven/0000-0001-7420-8216; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074;
FU NOAA/Climate; Global Change Program
FX David Thompson is thanked for several contributions and comments
throughout the work. Remote Sensing Systems are thanked for the
provision of MSU data, sponsored by the NOAA/Climate and Global Change
Program. Data are available online at http://www.remss.com. Craig Long
and Roger Lin at NOAA/CDC, Bill Randel and Fei Wu at NCAR, and John Nash
at the Met Office are all thanked for the provision of, and information
pertaining to, the SSU data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose
comments greatly improved the content and clarity of this manuscript.
The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the
National Science Foundation.
NR 53
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 40
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 5
BP 1759
EP 1772
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4048.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 905ZR
UT WOS:000301315200022
ER
PT J
AU Powell, CJ
AF Powell, C. J.
TI Recommended Auger parameters for 42 elemental solids
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
LA English
DT Article
DE Auger energies; Auger parameters; Binding energies; Elemental solids;
XPS
ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETERS; SURFACE CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ELECTRON
SPECTROMETERS; ENERGY CALIBRATION; ISO/TC-201 STANDARD; REEVALUATION;
STATE
AB Values of the Auger parameter are presented for 42 elemental solids. These values were determined from evaluated Auger-electron kinetic energies and photoelectron binding energies (BEs). Small adjustments were made to earlier values of photoelectron BEs to take account of newer reference energies recommended for calibration of BE scales. The recommended values of the Auger parameter should be useful in the determination of chemical state by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8370, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cedric.powell@nist.gov
NR 17
TC 70
Z9 72
U1 1
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0368-2048
J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC
JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 185
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 3
DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2011.12.001
PG 3
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA 910YK
UT WOS:000301684300001
ER
PT J
AU Cui, XP
Li, XF
AF Cui Xiao-peng
Li, Xiaofan
TI EFFECTS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND ITS DIURNAL VARIATION ON DIURNAL
VARIATION OF RAINFALL: A PARTITIONING ANALYSIS BASED ON SURFACE RAINFALL
BUDGET
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE sea surface temperature; diurnal variation; diurnal variation of
rainfall; surface rainfall budget
ID TROPICAL OCEANIC CONVECTION; CLOUD-RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE
STRUCTURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; FRONTAL RAINBANDS;
MODEL; PRECIPITATION; MESOSCALE; WATER
AB The effects of sea surface temperature (SST) and its diurnal variation on diurnal variation of rainfall are examined in this study by analyzing a series of equilibrium cloud-resolving model experiments which are imposed with zero large-scale vertical velocity. The grid rainfall simulation data are categorized into eight rainfall types based on rainfall processes including water vapor convergence/divergence, local atmospheric drying/moistening, and hydrometeor loss/convergence or gain/divergence. The rainfall contributions of the rainfall types with water vapor convergence are insensitive to the increase in SST from 27 degrees C to 29 degrees C during the nighttime, whereas they are decreased during the daytime. The rainfall contributions of the rainfall types with water vapor convergence are decreased as the SST increases from 29 degrees C to 31 degrees C but the decreases are larger during the nighttime than during the daytime. The rainfall contributions of the rainfall types with water vapor convergence are decreased by the inclusion of diurnal variation of SST with diurnal difference of 1 degrees C during the nighttime, but the decreases are significantly slowed down as the diurnal difference of SST increases from 1 degrees C to 2 degrees C. The rainfall contributions of the rainfall types with water vapor convergence are insensitive to the inclusion of diurnal variation of SST during the daytime.
C1 [Cui Xiao-peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Cui, XP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xpcui@mail.iap.ac.cn
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB421505];
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40921160379, 40775036]
FX National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB421505);
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (40921160379, 40775036)
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 8
PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS
PI GUANGZHOU
PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-8775
J9 J TROP METEOROL
JI J. Trop. Meteorol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 1
BP 89
EP 97
DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.01.010
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 908SL
UT WOS:000301511100010
ER
PT J
AU Shen, XY
Liu, J
Li, XF
AF Shen Xin-yong
Liu Jia
Li, Xiaofan
TI EVALUATION OF CONVECTIVE-STRATIFORM RAINFALL SEPARATION SCHEMES BY
PRECIPITATION AND CLOUD STATISTICS
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE partitioning scheme; TOGA COARE; convective-stratiform rainfall;
statistics
ID ICE CLOUDS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS;
RESOLVING MODEL; TROPICAL WATER; MESOSCALE; RADIATION; BUDGETS; RADAR
AB In this study, two convective-stratiform rainfall partitioning schemes are evaluated using precipitation and cloud statistics for different rainfall types categorized by applying surface rainfall equation on grid-scale data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. One scheme is based on surface rainfall intensity whereas the other is based on cloud content information. The model is largely forced by the large-scale vertical velocity derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The results reveal that over 40% of convective rainfall is associated with water vapor divergence, which primarily comes from the rainfall type with local atmospheric drying and water hydrometeor loss/convergence, caused by precipitation and evaporation of rain. More than 40% of stratiform rainfall is related to water vapor convergence, which largely comes from the rainfall type with local atmospheric moistening and hydrometeor loss/convergence attributable to water clouds through precipitation and the evaporation of rain and ice clouds through the conversion from ice hydrometeor to water hydrometeor. This implies that the separation methods based on surface rainfall and cloud content may not clearly separate convective and stratiform rainfall.
C1 [Shen Xin-yong; Liu Jia] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM sxydr@126.com
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039, 41175065];
National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China
[2011CB403405]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public
Interest [GYHY200806009]; Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China
[2009]
FX National Natural Science Foundation of China (41075039, 41175065);
National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China
(2011CB403405); Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public
Interest (GYHY200806009); Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China
(2009)
NR 42
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 9
PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS
PI GUANGZHOU
PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-8775
J9 J TROP METEOROL
JI J. Trop. Meteorol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 1
BP 98
EP 107
DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.01.011
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 908SL
UT WOS:000301511100011
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, JG
Morey, JS
Neely, MG
Ryan, JC
Van Dolah, FM
AF Johnson, Jillian G.
Morey, Jeanine S.
Neely, Marion G.
Ryan, James C.
Van Dolah, Frances M.
TI Transcriptome remodeling associated with chronological aging in the
dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis
SO MARINE GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Chronological aging; Microarray; Dinoflagellates; Stress response;
Harmful algal bloom; Karenia brevis
ID RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; CHLOROPLAST MESSENGER-RNA; PENTATRICOPEPTIDE
REPEAT PROTEINS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS;
GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SPLICED LEADER;
CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE
AB The toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, forms dense blooms in the Gulf of Mexico that persist for many months in coastal waters, where they can cause extensive marine animal mortalities and human health impacts. The mechanisms that enable cell survival in high density, low growth blooms, and the mechanisms leading to often rapid bloom demise are not well understood. To gain an understanding of processes that underlie chronological aging in this dinoflagellate, a microarray study was carried out to identify changes in the global transcriptome that accompany the entry and maintenance of stationary phase up to the onset of cell death. The transcriptome of K. brevis was assayed using a custom 10,263 feature oligonucleotide microarray from mid-logarithmic growth to the onset of culture demise. A total of 2958 (29%) features were differentially expressed, with the mid-stationary phase timepoint demonstrating peak changes in expression. Gene ontology enrichment analyses identified a significant shift in transcripts involved in energy acquisition, ribosome biogenesis, gene expression, stress adaptation, calcium signaling, and putative brevetoxin biosynthesis. The extensive remodeling of the transcriptome observed in the transition into a quiescent non-dividing phase appears to be indicative of a global shift in the metabolic and signaling requirements and provides the basis from which to understand the process of chronological aging in a dinoflagellate. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Johnson, Jillian G.; Morey, Jeanine S.; Ryan, James C.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Johnson, Jillian G.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Neely, Marion G.; Ryan, James C.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Ctr Excellence Oceans & Human Hlth, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM jill.lynch@noaa.gov; jeanine.morey@noaa.gov; marion.beal@noaa.gov;
james.ryan@noaa.gov; fran.vandolah@noaa.gov
OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785
FU NOAA
FX The authors would like to thank Emily Monroe for helpful discussions on
the design of this study. We would also like to thank Walter Blair,
Peter Feltman, Andrew Shuler, and Mackenzie Zippay for thoughtful
comments on the manuscript. This project was funded by a NOAA Oceans and
Human Health Predoctoral Fellowship awarded to JGJ and the NOAA Marine
Biotoxins Program.
NR 74
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1874-7787
J9 MAR GENOM
JI Mar. Genom.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 5
BP 15
EP 25
DI 10.1016/j.margen.2011.08.005
PG 11
WC Genetics & Heredity; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 911EU
UT WOS:000301700900004
PM 22325718
ER
PT J
AU Wu, LX
Cai, WJ
Zhang, LP
Nakamura, H
Timmermann, A
Joyce, T
McPhaden, MJ
Alexander, M
Qiu, B
Visbecks, M
Chang, P
Giese, B
AF Wu, Lixin
Cai, Wenju
Zhang, Liping
Nakamura, Hisashi
Timmermann, Axel
Joyce, Terry
McPhaden, Michael J.
Alexander, Michael
Qiu, Bo
Visbecks, Martin
Chang, Ping
Giese, Benjamin
TI Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN CIRCULATION; GULF-STREAM;
DATASET; VARIABILITY; EXTENSION; SYSTEM
AB Subtropical western boundary currents are warm, fast-flowing currents that form on the western side of ocean basins. They carry warm tropical water to the mid-latitudes, and vent large amounts of heat and moisture to the atmosphere along their paths, affecting atmospheric jet streams and mid-latitude storms, as well as ocean carbon uptake(1-4). The possibility that these highly energetic currents might change under greenhouse-gas forcing has raised significant concerns(5-7), but detecting such changes is challenging owing to limited observations. Here, using reconstructed sea surface temperature datasets and century-long ocean and atmosphere reanalysis products, we find that the post-1900 surface ocean warming rate over the path of these currents is two to three times faster than the global mean surface ocean warming rate. The accelerated warming is associated with a synchronous poleward shift and/or intensification of global subtropical western boundary currents in conjunction with a systematic change in winds over both hemispheres. This enhanced warming may reduce the ability of the oceans to absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide over these regions. However, uncertainties in detection and attribution of these warming trends remain, pointing to a need for a long-term monitoring network of the global western boundary currents and their extensions.
C1 [Wu, Lixin; Zhang, Liping] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China.
[Cai, Wenju] CSIRO Marine & Atmosphere Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia.
[Nakamura, Hisashi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
[Timmermann, Axel; Qiu, Bo] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Joyce, Terry] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[McPhaden, Michael J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Alexander, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Visbecks, Martin] IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
[Chang, Ping; Giese, Benjamin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Wu, LX (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China.
EM lxwu@ouc.edu.cn
RI Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; Alexander,
Michael/A-7097-2013; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; McPhaden,
Michael/D-9799-2016; Visbeck, Martin/B-6541-2016; Qiu, Bo/D-9569-2017
OI Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759;
Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Visbeck,
Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X;
FU China National Key Basic Research Project [2007CB411800]; National
Natural Science Foundation [40788002, 40930844, 40921004]; Australian
Climate Change Science program; Southeast Australia Climate Initiative;
Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
[2205]; Japanese Ministry of Environment [S-5]; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office
FX This work is supported by China National Key Basic Research Project
(2007CB411800) and National Natural Science Foundation Projects
(40788002, 40930844, 40921004). W.C. is supported by the Australian
Climate Change Science program and the Southeast Australia Climate
Initiative. H.N. is supported in part by the Japanese Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology through Grant-in-Aid
for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas #2205 and by the Japanese
Ministry of Environment through Global Environment Research Fund (S-5).
M.J.M. is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's Climate Program Office. PMEL Publication no. 3774.
NR 32
TC 141
Z9 148
U1 7
U2 96
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 2
IS 3
BP 161
EP 166
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1353
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 910JE
UT WOS:000301632200015
ER
PT J
AU Friedrich, T
Timmermann, A
Abe-Ouchi, A
Bates, NR
Chikamoto, MO
Church, MJ
Dore, JE
Gledhill, DK
Gonzalez-Davila, M
Heinemann, M
Ilyina, T
Jungclaus, JH
McLeod, E
Mouchet, A
Santana-Casiano, JM
AF Friedrich, T.
Timmermann, A.
Abe-Ouchi, A.
Bates, N. R.
Chikamoto, M. O.
Church, M. J.
Dore, J. E.
Gledhill, D. K.
Gonzalez-Davila, M.
Heinemann, M.
Ilyina, T.
Jungclaus, J. H.
McLeod, E.
Mouchet, A.
Santana-Casiano, J. M.
TI Detecting regional anthropogenic trends in ocean acidification against
natural variability
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; REDUCED CALCIFICATION; CORAL-REEFS; PACIFIC; CLIMATE;
GROWTH
AB Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution humans have released, similar to 500 billion metric tons of carbon to the atmosphere through fossil-fuel burning, cement production and land-use changes(1,2). About 30% has been taken up by the oceans(3). The oceanic uptake of carbon dioxide leads to changes in marine carbonate chemistry resulting in a decrease of seawater pH and carbonate ion concentration, commonly referred to as ocean acidification. Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to calcifying organisms(4-6). Detecting its magnitude and impacts on regional scales requires accurate knowledge of the level of natural variability of surface ocean carbonate ion concentrations on seasonal to annual timescales and beyond. Ocean observations are severely limited with respect to providing reliable estimates of the signal-to-noise ratio of human-induced trends in carbonate chemistry against natural factors. Using three Earth system models we show that the current anthropogenic trend in ocean acidification already exceeds the level of natural variability by up to 30 times on regional scales. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the current rates of ocean acidification at monitoring sites in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans exceed those experienced during the last glacial termination by two orders of magnitude.
C1 [Friedrich, T.; Timmermann, A.; Heinemann, M.] Univ Hawaii, IPRC, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Abe-Ouchi, A.; Chikamoto, M. O.] Japan Agcy Marine Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
[Bates, N. R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges GE 01, Bermuda.
[Church, M. J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Dore, J. E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Gledhill, D. K.] Univ Miami, NOAA AOML, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Gonzalez-Davila, M.; Santana-Casiano, J. M.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Quim, Fac Ciencias Mar, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain.
[Ilyina, T.; Jungclaus, J. H.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[McLeod, E.] Nature Conservancy, Hawaii Field Off, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA.
[Mouchet, A.] Univ Liege, Dept Astrophys Geophys & Oceanog, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
RP Friedrich, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, IPRC, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM tobiasf@hawaii.edu; axel@hawaii.edu
RI Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Friedrich, Tobias/D-1053-2013; GONZALEZ
DAVILA, MELCHOR/K-4958-2014; SANTANA CASIANO, JUANA
MAGDALENA/K-5058-2014; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/M-6359-2013; Mouchet,
Anne/K-1911-2014
OI Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Friedrich,
Tobias/0000-0001-7324-4100; GONZALEZ DAVILA,
MELCHOR/0000-0003-3230-8985; SANTANA CASIANO, JUANA
MAGDALENA/0000-0002-7930-7683; Ilyina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3475-4842;
Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Mouchet, Anne/0000-0002-8846-3063
FU Nature Conservancy; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0902133]; Japan
Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through
International Pacific Research Center; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through NSF [0902551]
FX This study was funded by The Nature Conservancy (www.nature.org) and
National Science Foundation (NSF) grant #0902133. AT is supported by the
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through
its sponsorship of the International Pacific Research Center and NSF
grant #0902551. We thank S. Lorenz for conducting the MPI-ESM
experiments. This is International Pacific Research Center contribution
number 829.
NR 28
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 4
U2 86
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 2
IS 3
BP 167
EP 171
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1372
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 910JE
UT WOS:000301632200016
ER
PT J
AU Germer, TA
AF Germer, Thomas A.
TI Realizable differential matrices for depolarizing media
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MUELLER MATRICES; ANISOTROPIC MEDIA; POLAR DECOMPOSITION; FORMALISM;
EVOLUTION
AB The evolution of a Stokes vector through depolarizing media is considered. A general form for the differential matrix is found that is appropriate in the presence of depolarization and it is parameterized in a manner that ensures that it yields, upon integration, a valid Mueller matrix for any choice of parameters. The form expands the more limited form for a nondepolarizing matrix given by Azzam [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 1756 (1978)] and which was extended recently by others to include depolarization. A Mueller matrix decomposition is proposed that is based upon the new parameterization.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Germer, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.germer@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 5
BP 921
EP 923
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 904KS
UT WOS:000301195100055
PM 22378439
ER
PT J
AU Lubchenco, J
Karl, TR
AF Lubchenco, Jane
Karl, Thomas R.
TI Predicting and managing extreme weather events
SO PHYSICS TODAY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTENSE
C1 [Lubchenco, Jane] US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
[Karl, Thomas R.] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
NR 16
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0031-9228
J9 PHYS TODAY
JI Phys. Today
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 3
BP 31
EP 37
PG 7
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 910FU
UT WOS:000301623400022
ER
PT J
AU Moore, SE
Stafford, KM
Melling, H
Berchok, C
Wiig, O
Kovacs, KM
Lydersen, C
Richter-Menge, J
AF Moore, Sue E.
Stafford, Kathleen M.
Melling, Humfrey
Berchok, Catherine
Wiig, Oystein
Kovacs, Kit M.
Lydersen, Christian
Richter-Menge, Jackie
TI Comparing marine mammal acoustic habitats in Atlantic and Pacific
sectors of the High Arctic: year-long records from Fram Strait and the
Chukchi Plateau
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine mammals; Acoustics; Seismic surveys; International Polar Year
ID LOW-FREQUENCY WHALE; BOWHEAD WHALES; SOUNDS; WATER; HEAT
AB During the International Polar Year (IPY), acoustic recorders were deployed on oceanographic moorings in Fram Strait and on the Chukchi Plateau, representing the first coordinated year-round sampling of underwater acoustic habitats at two sites in the High Arctic. Examination of species-specific marine mammal calls recorded from autumn 2008-2009 revealed distinctly different acoustic habitats at each site. Overall, the Fram Strait site was acoustically complex compared with the Chukchi Plateau site. In Fram Strait, calls from bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) and a variety of toothed whales (odontocetes) were recorded year-round, as were airgun pulses from seismic surveys. In addition, calls from blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whales (B. physalus) were recorded from June to October and August to March, respectively. Conversely, at the Chukchi Plateau site, beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and bowhead whale calls were recorded primarily from May to August, with airgun signals detected only in September-October. Ribbon seal (Phoca fasciata) calls were detected in October-November, with no marine mammals calls at all recorded from December to February. Of note, ice-adapted bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) were recorded at both sites, primarily in spring and summer, corresponding with the mating season for that species. Differences in acoustic habitats between the two sites were related to contrasts in sea ice cover, temperature, patterns of ocean circulation and contributions from anthropogenic noise sources. These data provide a provisional baseline for the comparison of underwater acoustic habitats between Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the High Arctic.
C1 [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Melling, Humfrey] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
[Berchok, Catherine] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, Natl Ctr Biosystemat, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.
[Kovacs, Kit M.; Lydersen, Christian] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
[Richter-Menge, Jackie] ERDC Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM sue.moore@noaa.gov
RI Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012
OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251
FU NOAA/Fisheries; NOAA/OAR; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Norwegian Polar
Institute for at-sea capability
FX We thank the Canadian Coast Guard, the Norwegian Polar Institute and all
the scientists, technical staff and crews aboard the Sir Wilfrid Laurier
and the R/V Lance for their assistance in recorder deployment and
recovery. We also thank the NOAA/Fisheries (B. Southall) and the
NOAA/OAR (J. Calder) line offices for funding, as well as Fisheries and
Oceans Canada and the Norwegian Polar Institute for at-sea capability,
in-kind support and encouragement.
NR 26
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 6
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 3
BP 475
EP 480
DI 10.1007/s00300-011-1086-y
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 907XI
UT WOS:000301452600015
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, PH
Semancik, S
AF Rogers, Phillip H.
Semancik, Steve
TI Development of optimization procedures for application-specific chemical
sensing
SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Chemical microsensor; Microhotplate; Optimization; Biplot; Oxides;
Signal processing
ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED MICROSENSORS; HOTPLATE GAS SENSORS;
NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; MICROHOTPLATE PLATFORMS; OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES;
MODULATION; SELECTIVITY; SEQUENCES; HAZARDS; NOSE
AB We present methods for selecting optimized operating conditions from tunable sensor systems that produce multi-dimensional data streams. To demonstrate our approach in a case study, a chemical sensing dataset was collected using a microsensor array with temperature-modulated elements. The top electrodes of the array elements were coated with SnO2, In2O3, and CuO sensing films that were formed on the individual microhotplate platforms by annealing microcapillary deposited metal-hydroxide sol-gel films. Chemical sensing data was collected while interfacial interactions were influenced via pulsed temperature programming. During the collection of the chemical sensing database an analyte exposure schedule consisting of a dry air background and mu mol/mol concentrations of three reducing analytes was cycled as the temperature program operating the microsensor array was systematically varied. The data was processed using linear discriminant analysis and principle component analysis to quantify analyte selectivity. The methods discussed in this manuscript produced sensing materials-specific temperature programs optimized for the studied analytes which contained a factor of 2.6 fewer temperature pulses than the original inspection temperature programs. These shortened temperature programs increased sample frequency, preserved analyte concentration information, and improved target cross-selectivity. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Rogers, Phillip H.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Semancik, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM steves@nist.gov
FU NIST
FX The authors thank Eric Dattoli, Kurt Benkstein, Chip Montgomery and Dean
Ripple for valuable comments and assistance relevant to this work.
Additional thanks go to Kristen Steffens for her expertise and
assistance with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. PHR was
supported by a NIST Postdoctoral Research Associateship Award
administered through the National Research Council.
NR 36
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-4005
J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM
JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem.
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 163
IS 1
BP 8
EP 19
DI 10.1016/j.snb.2011.11.015
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 910GV
UT WOS:000301626100002
ER
PT J
AU Duncan, C
Kersh, GJ
Spraker, T
Patyk, KA
Fitzpatrick, KA
Massung, RF
Gelatt, T
AF Duncan, Colleen
Kersh, Gilbert J.
Spraker, Terry
Patyk, Kelly A.
Fitzpatrick, Kelly A.
Massung, Robert F.
Gelatt, Tom
TI Coxiella burnetii in Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) Placentas
from St. Paul Island, Alaska
SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Coxiella burnetii; Northern fur seal; Placenta; Pribilof Islands
ID Q-FEVER; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; INFECTION; DECLINE
AB The decline in the number of northern fur seal (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) pups on St. Paul Island, Alaska, has led to multidisciplinary research, including investigation into issues of reproductive health and success. Given the recent identification of Coxiella burnetii in the placenta of two other marine mammal species, NFS placentas were collected from Reef rookery on St. Paul Island, Alaska, during the 2010 pupping season, examined histologically, and tested for C. burnetii using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 146 placentas examined, gram-negative intratrophoblastic bacteria that were positive for C. burnetii on immunohistochemistry were observed in 5 (3%) placentas. Placental infection was usually devoid of associated inflammation or significant ancillary pathology. One hundred nine (75%) of the placentas were positive for C. burnetii on PCR. C. burnetii is globally distributed and persists for long periods in the environment, providing ample opportunity for exposure of many species. The significance of this finding for the declining fur seal population, potential human exposure and infection, and impact on other sympatric marine mammal or terrestrial species is unclear; further investigation into the epidemiology of Coxiella in the marine ecosystem is warranted.
C1 [Duncan, Colleen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, CSU Diagnost Med Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA.
[Kersh, Gilbert J.; Fitzpatrick, Kelly A.; Massung, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
[Gelatt, Tom] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Duncan, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, CSU Diagnost Med Ctr, 300 W Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA.
EM colleen.duncan@colostate.edu
NR 20
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 10
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1530-3667
J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT
JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 3
BP 192
EP 195
DI 10.1089/vbz.2011.0715
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 906NX
UT WOS:000301353600004
PM 22017469
ER
PT J
AU Redman, SL
Ycas, GG
Terrien, R
Mahadevan, S
Ramsey, LW
Bender, CF
Osterman, SN
Diddams, SA
Quinlan, F
Lawler, JE
Nave, G
AF Redman, Stephen L.
Ycas, Gabriel G.
Terrien, Ryan
Mahadevan, Suvrath
Ramsey, Lawrence W.
Bender, Chad F.
Osterman, Steven N.
Diddams, Scott A.
Quinlan, Franklyn
Lawler, James E.
Nave, Gillian
TI A HIGH-RESOLUTION ATLAS OF URANIUM-NEON IN THE H BAND
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic data; infrared: general; instrumentation: spectrographs; methods:
laboratory; standards; techniques: radial velocities
ID HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMPS; ESTABLISHING WAVELENGTH STANDARDS; RADIAL-VELOCITY
MEASUREMENTS; LASER FREQUENCY COMBS; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; NM REGION;
PRECISION; CALIBRATION; SPECTROGRAPHS; LINES
AB We present a high-resolution (R approximate to 50,000) atlas of a uranium-neon (U/Ne) hollow-cathode spectrum in the H band (1454-1638 nm) for the calibration of near-infrared spectrographs. We obtained this U/Ne spectrum simultaneously with a laser-frequency comb spectrum, which we used to provide a first-order calibration to the U/Ne spectrum. We then calibrated the U/Ne spectrum using the recently published uranium line list of Redman et al., which is derived from high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer measurements. These two independent calibrations allowed us to easily identify emission lines in the hollow-cathode lamp that do not correspond to known (classified) lines of either uranium or neon, and to compare the achievable precision of each source. Our frequency comb precision was limited by modal noise and detector effects, while the U/Ne precision was limited primarily by the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the observed emission lines and our ability to model blended lines. The standard deviation in the dispersion solution residuals from the S/N-limited U/Ne hollow-cathode lamp was 50% larger than the standard deviation of the dispersion solution residuals from the modal-noise-limited laser-frequency comb. We advocate the use of U/Ne lamps for precision calibration of near-infrared spectrographs, and this H-band atlas makes these lamps significantly easier to use for wavelength calibration.
C1 [Redman, Stephen L.; Terrien, Ryan; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence W.; Bender, Chad F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Redman, Stephen L.; Nave, Gillian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ycas, Gabriel G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ycas, Gabriel G.; Diddams, Scott A.; Quinlan, Franklyn] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Terrien, Ryan; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence W.; Bender, Chad F.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Osterman, Steven N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lawler, James E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Redman, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RI Bender, Chad/D-4719-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
FU NASA through NAI [NNX09AB34G]; NSF [AST-0906034, AST-1006676,
AST-0907732, ASF-1126413]; NIST; National Research Council NAS; Center
for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University;
Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium
FX We acknowledge support from NASA through the NAI and Origins grant
NNX09AB34G, and the NSF grants AST-0906034, AST-1006676, AST-0907732,
and ASF-1126413. This research was partly performed while S. Redman held
a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST, and
while F. Quinlan was supported by a National Research Council NAS
postdoctoral fellowship. We thank M. Hirano of Sumitomo Electric
Industries for use of the nonlinear fiber in the frequency comb. This
work was partially supported by funding from the Center for Exoplanets
and Habitable Worlds, which in turn is supported by the Pennsylvania
State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania
Space Grant Consortium. The Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) is a joint
project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State
University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen,
and Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen. The HET is named in honor of its
principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly.; We thank
the HET resident astronomers (John Caldwell, Steve Odewahn, Sergey
Rostopchin, and Matthew Shetrone) and telescope operators (Frank
Deglman, Vicki Riley, Eusebio "Chevo" Terrazas, and Amy Westfall) for
their expertise and support. We also thank the HET engineers and staff
who provided us with the necessary assistance during the day: Edmundo
Balderrama, Randy Bryant, George Damm, James Fowler, Herman Kriel, Leo
Lavender, Jerry Martin, Debbie Murphy, Robert Poenisch, Logan
Schoolcraft, and Michael Ward.
NR 38
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 199
IS 1
AR 2
DI 10.1088/0067-0049/199/1/2
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 903ME
UT WOS:000301119800002
ER
PT J
AU Minello, TJ
Rozas, LP
Baker, R
AF Minello, Thomas J.
Rozas, Lawrence P.
Baker, Ronald
TI Geographic Variability in Salt Marsh Flooding Patterns may Affect
Nursery Value for Fishery Species
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Blue crab; Nekton; Penaeid shrimp; Spartina alterniflora; Tidal
hydrology
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CRAB
CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; HABITAT USE PATTERNS; GALVESTON BAY; NEKTON USE;
BROWN SHRIMP; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; SEA-LEVEL; BLUE-CRAB
AB Flooding of salt marshes controls access to the marsh surface for aquatic organisms and likely regulates the value and use of this habitat for juvenile fishery species. We examined geographic variability in marsh access by measuring tidal flooding characteristics in 15 Spartina alterniflora marshes in the southeastern US between South Texas and lower Chesapeake Bay. Flooding duration and flooding frequency were correlated with the elevation of the marsh edge in relation to mean low water and with the tidal range. Mean annual flooding duration over the years 2006-2008 was highest in Texas (91.5% in Aransas Bay) and North Carolina (89.3% in Pamlico Sound) and lowest in Timbalier Bay, LA (54%) and the lower Carolinas and Georgia (55-57%). We used published data on densities of blue crabs and penaeid shrimps as a measure of habitat selection, and there was a positive relationship between marsh selection and flooding duration.
C1 [Minello, Thomas J.; Baker, Ronald] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
[Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Minello, TJ (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
EM tom.minello@noaa.gov
RI Baker, Ronald/J-9060-2014
OI Baker, Ronald/0000-0001-8408-0324
FU Southeast Regional Habitat Office of the National Marine Fisheries
Service; National Research Council at the NOAA Galveston Laboratory
FX We would like to thank Robert Twilley, Marcus Sheaves, Irv Mendelssohn,
Cherie O'Brien, and Brian Fry for the discussions and ideas that were
helpful in developing the manuscript. Thanks also to David Walters for
providing USGS water level data from Grande Terre, LA. Aleta Hohn
provided valuable assistance in the field. Phil Caldwell created Fig. 1
and calculated distances from marshes to tide gages. Partial support for
this research was provided by Miles Croom and the Southeast Regional
Habitat Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This research
was performed while R.B. held a National Research Council Research
Associateship Award at the NOAA Galveston Laboratory. The findings and
conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service.
NR 66
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U1 4
U2 37
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 2
BP 501
EP 514
DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9463-x
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 898WA
UT WOS:000300771900011
ER
PT J
AU Rozas, LP
Minello, TJ
Dantin, DD
AF Rozas, Lawrence P.
Minello, Thomas J.
Dantin, Darrin D.
TI Use of Shallow Lagoon Habitats by Nekton of the Northeastern Gulf of
Mexico
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Seagrass; Salt marsh; Habitat comparison; Pink shrimp; Farfantepenaeus
duorarum; Florida lagoon
ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; GALVESTON BAY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS;
SALT-MARSH; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; FLORIDA BAY; DUORARUM BURKENROAD;
SEAGRASS MEADOWS; FISH COMMUNITIES; ESTUARINE FISH
AB We compared nekton use of prominent habitat types within a lagoonal system of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). These habitat types were defined by combinations of structure (cover type) and location (distance from shore) as: Spartina edge (a parts per thousand currency sign1 m from shore), Spartina (3 m from shore); Juncus edge (a parts per thousand currency sign1 m from shore); seagrass located 3, 5, and 20 m from shore; and shallow non-vegetated bottom at various distances from shore. Although seagrass and Spartina edge sites differed little in environmental characteristics, the density and biomass of most abundant taxa, including pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum), were higher in seagrass. Most species within seagrass and Spartina did not differ in abundance or biomass with distance from shore. Our study revealed a shift in peak habitat use in the northeastern GoM to seagrass beds from the pattern observed to the west where nekton is concentrated within shoreline emergent vegetation.
C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
[Dantin, Darrin D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Room 175, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov
FU Natural Resources Department, Tyndall Air Force Base; EPA Gulf Ecology
Division; NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center
FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast
Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch
(FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and
Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The assistance of
everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this
project. In particular, we thank Jim Ditty, Jennifer Doerr, Shawn
Hillen, Juan Salas, Katie Turner, and Elizabeth Wilson for help in
collecting and processing samples and Philip Caldwell for producing Fig.
1. We acknowledge John A. Dittmar III (EPA Gulf Ecology Division) for
computing the aerial coverage of habitat types. We also thank Kevin
Caillouet (Tulane University), Heather Pace Dyer (Nicholls State
University), Janet A. Nestlerode (EPA Gulf Ecology Division), and
Dominic Guadagnoli (Georgia Department of Natural Resources) for
assisting in collecting nekton samples. Alejandro E. Almario with the
EPA Gulf Ecology Division assisted by providing tidal data. We thank
Jack Mobley and Mike Mitsud (Natural Resources Department, Tyndall Air
Force Base) for providing logistical support at the study site. We
acknowledge the EPA Gulf Ecology Division and the NOAA Fisheries Service
Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding this research project.
Two anonymous reviewers and the editor suggested changes that improved
the original manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this report are
those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the
NOAA Fisheries Service.
NR 60
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 2
BP 572
EP 586
DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9449-8
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 898WA
UT WOS:000300771900016
ER
PT J
AU Brooks, ML
Fleishman, E
Brown, LR
Lehman, PW
Werner, I
Scholz, N
Mitchelmore, C
Lovvorn, JR
Johnson, ML
Schlenk, D
van Drunick, S
Drever, JI
Stoms, DM
Parker, AE
Dugdale, R
AF Brooks, Marjorie L.
Fleishman, Erica
Brown, Larry R.
Lehman, Peggy W.
Werner, Inge
Scholz, Nathaniel
Mitchelmore, Carys
Lovvorn, James R.
Johnson, Michael L.
Schlenk, Daniel
van Drunick, Suzanne
Drever, James I.
Stoms, David M.
Parker, Alex E.
Dugdale, Richard
TI Life Histories, Salinity Zones, and Sublethal Contributions of
Contaminants to Pelagic Fish Declines Illustrated with a Case Study of
San Francisco Estuary, California, USA
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Susceptibility to toxins; Bioenergetic costs; Impaired waterways;
Multiple stressors; Pelagic organism decline; Climate change; Review
ID LARVAL STRIPED BASS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TROUT
ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; BAY
ESTUARY; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA;
PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; RAINBOW-TROUT
AB Human effects on estuaries are often associated with major decreases in abundance of aquatic species. However, remediation priorities are difficult to identify when declines result from multiple stressors with interacting sublethal effects. The San Francisco Estuary offers a useful case study of the potential role of contaminants in declines of organisms because the waters of its delta chronically violate legal water quality standards; however, direct effects of contaminants on fish species are rarely observed. Lack of direct lethality in the field has prevented consensus that contaminants may be one of the major drivers of coincident but unexplained declines of fishes with differing life histories and habitats (anadromous, brackish, and freshwater). Our review of available evidence indicates that examining the effects of contaminants and other stressors on specific life stages in different seasons and salinity zones of the estuary is critical to identifying how several interacting stressors could contribute to a general syndrome of declines. Moreover, warming water temperatures of the magnitude projected by climate models increase metabolic rates of ectotherms, and can hasten elimination of some contaminants. However, for other pollutants, concurrent increases in respiratory rate or food intake result in higher doses per unit time without changes in the contaminant concentrations in the water. Food limitation and energetic costs of osmoregulating under altered salinities further limit the amount of energy available to fish; this energy must be redirected from growth and reproduction toward pollutant avoidance, enzymatic detoxification, or elimination. Because all of these processes require energy, bioenergetics methods are promising for evaluating effects of sublethal contaminants in the presence of other stressors, and for informing remediation. Predictive models that evaluate the direct and indirect effects of contaminants will be possible when data become available on energetic costs of exposure to contaminants given simultaneous exposure to non-contaminant stressors.
C1 [Brooks, Marjorie L.; Lovvorn, James R.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
[Fleishman, Erica; Stoms, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Lehman, Peggy W.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, W Sacramento, CA 95691 USA.
[Werner, Inge] Univ Calif Davis, Aquat Toxicol Lab, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Scholz, Nathaniel] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Mitchelmore, Carys] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
[Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Schlenk, Daniel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[van Drunick, Suzanne] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Drever, James I.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Dept 3006, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Parker, Alex E.; Dugdale, Richard] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, 1125 E Lincoln Dr,MC 6501, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
EM mlbrooks@siu.edu
RI Mitchelmore, Carys/E-5278-2012; Brooks, Marjorie/M-5692-2014;
OI Mitchelmore, Carys/0000-0003-1373-4479; Scholz,
Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272
FU University of California-Santa Barbara [113325G004]; US Fish and
Wildlife Service [113325G004]
FX We thank James Orlando, Kelly Smalling, and several anonymous reviewers
for helpful comments. This work was supported by cooperative agreement
number 113325G004 between the University of California-Santa Barbara and
the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and conducted as part of a working
group convened in part at the National Center for Ecological Analysis
and Synthesis.
NR 143
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 47
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 2
BP 603
EP 621
DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9459-6
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 898WA
UT WOS:000300771900018
ER
PT J
AU Meseck, S
Cutter, G
AF Meseck, Shannon
Cutter, Gregory
TI Selenium Behavior in San Francisco Bay Sediments
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Selenium; Chemical speciation; Porewater; Sediments; San Francisco Bay
ID ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; DISSOLVED SELENIUM;
JOAQUIN-DELTA; ESTUARY; WATER; CALIFORNIA; METALS; SOILS; SACRAMENTO
AB Sediment and porewater samples (1997-1999) were collected in the Northern Reach of the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta for determinations of sedimentary selenium and its chemical speciation. Total sedimentary selenium increased with depth, with approximately 50% of the sedimentary selenium as elemental selenium and 35% as organic selenide. Porewater total dissolved selenium increased with depth in the estuary and Delta, and fluxes out of the sediments were calculated at 0.01 and 0.06 nmol cm(-2) year(-1) for the estuary and Delta, respectively. Present-day sediment-water exchange of dissolved selenium and internal transformations cannot explain the observed increase in total sedimentary selenium with depth. However, mass balance calculations demonstrate that the increase in total selenium with depth may be linked to higher dissolved selenium concentrations in the water column in the 1980s, suggesting that the sediments could be used as historical recorders of selenium in the estuary.
C1 [Meseck, Shannon; Cutter, Gregory] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
RP Meseck, S (reprint author), NOAA NEMFS, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
EM Shannon.Meseck@noaa.gov
RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; Cutter, Gregory/C-7898-2017
OI Cutter, Gregory/0000-0001-6744-6718
FU NSF [OCE-9707946]
FX We thank Jason Beck and Paul Richardson for ancillary analyses. We also
thank the captain of the Research Vessel David Johnson, Robin Stewart,
and Sam Luoma for their help in obtaining the sediment cores.
Furthermore, we thank Martina Doblin and Lynda Cutter for their
invaluable assistance in the field and for generating many of the
ancillary data. This project was supported by funds from NSF (grant
OCE-9707946) to G. Cutter.
NR 60
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 2
BP 646
EP 657
DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9444-0
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 898WA
UT WOS:000300771900021
ER
PT J
AU Bender, PL
AF Bender, Peter L.
TI Limitations of atom interferometry for gravitational wave observations
in space
SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Atom interferometry; Gravitational wave observation; Laser
interferometer gravitational wave antenna; Atomic Gravitational wave
Interferometric Sensor (AGIS)
ID WHITE-DWARF BINARIES; SIGNAL
AB A paper published recently (Hogan et al. in Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 43:1953-2009, 2011) suggests the use of atom interferometry between satellites in Earth orbit to observe gravitational waves. The proposed altitude and satellite separation are about 1,000 and 30 km respectively. The difference in acceleration between clouds of ultracold atoms in atom interferometers near the two satellites would be detected by using laser beams between the interferometers. Because of the measurement path being very short compared with the million km or longer measurement path for a proposed laser interferometer gravitational wave antenna in space, the sensitivity to differential fluctuations in the laser phase as seen by the atoms in the two atom interferometers is very high. Problems introduced by this high sensitivity to spurious laser beam phase changes will be described in the first part of this paper. Then other limitations on the performance and on the suggested types of sources that could be observed will be discussed.
C1 [Bender, Peter L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bender, Peter L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM pbender@jila.colorado.edu
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 9
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0001-7701
J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT
JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 44
IS 3
BP 711
EP 717
DI 10.1007/s10714-011-1306-3
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles
& Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA 904HK
UT WOS:000301185100009
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, P
Zhu, YN
Zhang, Q
AF Zhao, Ping
Zhu, Yani
Zhang, Qin
TI A summer weather index in the East Asian pressure field and associated
atmospheric circulation and rainfall
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE summer weather index; atmospheric circulation; the Yangtze-Huaihe River
basin; rainy weather
ID LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; MONSOON INDEX; SURROUNDING AREAS; THERMAL
CONTRAST; TIBETAN PLATEAU; HEAT-SOURCES; CHINA; PRECIPITATION; ONSET;
SEA
AB Using the daily rainfall from rain gauge stations in China and the daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis for each year of 19812008, a relationship between daily rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin (YHB) and surface pressure over East Asia was statistically investigated and a summer weather index (ISW) was defined from surface pressure for describing the daily variations of the atmospheric circulation and rainfall over the monsoon region of eastern China. The results show that the daily ISW is significantly correlated with the YHB rainy weather during summer. In higher-ISW days, there is usually more YHB rainfall. This link may be explained by the East Asian atmospheric circulation well. When ISW is higher, a low-pressure system frequently occurs over the land of southern China and an enhanced ridge appears over the South China Sea (SCS)subtropical western Pacific region, which strengthens the seaward pressure gradient and southwesterly winds over southern China. Accordingly, the transport of water vapour toward the YHB and the ascending motion over the YHB strengthen remarkably. These variations in the daily atmospheric circulation finally lead to the frequent occurrence of the YHB rainy weather. Thus, ISW can represent the variations of the atmospheric circulation and rainy weather for most of the years of 19812008. For some extremely dry years over the YHB, however, ISW does not indicate the local large-scale rainfall well. This suggests an asymmetric descriptive ability of this index. Copyright (c) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Zhao, Ping; Zhu, Yani] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Zhao, Ping; Zhu, Yani] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
[Zhao, Ping] Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Qin] Climate Predict Ctr NOAA NWS NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Zhang, Qin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
RP Zhao, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhaop@cma.gov.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; National Key
Basic Research Project of China [2009CB421404]; basic research project
for the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather
FX We thank the Climate Diagnostic Center/NOAA for providing the NCEP-NCAR
reanalysis data and the National Meteorological Information Centre of
the China Meteorological Administration for providing precipitation at
rain gauge stations of China on their homepages. This work was jointly
sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(40921003), the National Key Basic Research Project of China
(2009CB421404), and the basic research project for the State Key
Laboratory of Severe Weather.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0899-8418
J9 INT J CLIMATOL
JI Int. J. Climatol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 32
IS 3
BP 375
EP 386
DI 10.1002/joc.2276
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 901AL
UT WOS:000300934000005
ER
PT J
AU Bai, XZ
Wang, J
Sellinger, C
Clites, A
Assel, R
AF Bai, Xuezhi
Wang, Jia
Sellinger, Cynthia
Clites, Anne
Assel, Raymond
TI Interannual variability of Great Lakes ice cover and its relationship to
NAO and ENSO
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SOUTHERN
OSCILLATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ARCTIC
OSCILLATION; SST ANOMALIES; LABRADOR SEA; HUDSON-BAY; BAFFIN-BAY
AB The impacts of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Great Lakes ice cover were investigated using lake ice observations for winters 1963-2010 and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data. It is found that both NAO and ENSO have impacts on Great Lakes ice cover. The Great Lakes tend to have lower (higher) ice cover during the positive (negative) NAO. El Nino events are often associated with lower ice cover. The influence of La Nina on Great Lakes ice cover is intensity-dependent: strong (weak) La Nina events are often associated with lower (higher) ice cover. The interference of impacts of ENSO and NAO complicates the relationship between ice cover and either of them. The nonlinear effects of ENSO on Great Lakes ice cover are important in addition to NAO effects. The correlation coefficient between the quadratic Nino3.4 index and ice cover (-0.48) becomes significant at the 99% confidence level. The nonlinear response of Great Lakes ice cover to ENSO is mainly due to the phase shift of the teleconnection patterns during the opposite phases of ENSO. Multiple-variable nonlinear regression models were developed for ice coverage. Using the quadratic Nino3.4 index instead of the index itself can significantly improve the prediction of Great Lakes ice cover (the correlation between the modeled and observed increases from 0.35 to 0.51). Including the interactive term NAO center dot Nino3.4(2) further improves the prediction skill (the correlation increases from 0.51 to 0.59). The analysis is also applied to individual lakes. The model for Lake Michigan has the highest prediction skill, while Lake Erie has the smallest skill.
C1 [Bai, Xuezhi; Assel, Raymond] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Wang, Jia; Clites, Anne; Assel, Raymond] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Sellinger, Cynthia] Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceans & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Bai, XZ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM jia.wang@noaa.gov
OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721
FU National Research Council; NOAA GLERL; EPA/NOAA Great Lakes Restoration
Initiative
FX The NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, provided NCEP reanalysis
data, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. Nino3.4 index and
NAO index were provided by NOAA/CPC, from their Web site at
http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/. This study was
supported by grants from National Research Council Research Association
Fellowship and NOAA GLERL and EPA/NOAA Great Lakes Restoration
Initiative. We sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers for their
critical and constructive comments of the first draft of the paper,
which helped significantly improve the analysis and presentation of the
paper. We appreciate Cathy Darnell for her editorial assistance. This is
GLERL contribution 1609.
NR 59
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 26
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C03002
DI 10.1029/2010JC006932
PG 25
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 903QF
UT WOS:000301132600001
ER
PT J
AU Schreck, CJ
Molinari, J
Aiyyer, A
AF Schreck, Carl J., III
Molinari, John
Aiyyer, Anantha
TI A Global View of Equatorial Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SYNOPTIC-SCALE
DISTURBANCES; COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; ROSSBY-GRAVITY WAVES; PART I;
3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; NUMBER-FREQUENCY; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; EASTERN
PACIFIC
AB This study investigates the number of tropical cyclone formations that can be attributed to the enhanced convection from equatorial waves within each basin. Tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances (i.e., easterly waves) were the primary tropical cyclone precursors over the Northern Hemisphere basins, particularly the eastern North Pacific and the Atlantic. In the Southern Hemisphere, however, the number of storms attributed to TD-type disturbances and equatorial Rossby waves were roughly equivalent. Equatorward of 20 degrees N, tropical cyclones formed without any equatorial wave precursor most often over the eastern North Pacific and least often over the western North Pacific.
The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) was an important tropical cyclone precursor over the north Indian, south Indian, and western North Pacific basins. The MJO also affected tropical cyclogenesis by modulating the amplitudes of higher-frequency waves. Each wave type reached the attribution threshold 1.5 times more often, and tropical cyclogenesis was 3 times more likely, within positive MJO-filtered rainfall anomalies than within negative anomalies. The greatest MJO modulation was observed for storms attributed to Kelvin waves over the north Indian Ocean.
The large rainfall rates associated with tropical cyclones can alter equatorial wave-filtered anomalies. This study quantifies the contamination over each basin. Tropical cyclones contributed more than 20% of the filtered variance for each wave type over large potions of every basin except the South Pacific. The largest contamination, exceeding 60%, occurred for the TD band near the Philippines. To mitigate the contamination, the tropical cyclone-related anomalies were removed before filtering in this study.
C1 [Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Schreck, Carl J., III; Molinari, John] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[Aiyyer, Anantha] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Schreck, CJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM carl.schreck@noaa.gov
RI Aiyyer, Anantha/A-4295-2012; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011;
OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754; Aiyyer, Anantha/0000-0002-9706-956X
FU NSF [ATM0839991]
FX This research has benefited greatly from conversations with Paul Roundy
and Adam Sobel. We thank George Kiladis for his thorough and
constructive review. We obtained the rainfall data from the NASA Goddard
Distributed Active Archive Center (online at
http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/datapool/TRMM/). We are grateful to
David Vollaro and Karen Mohr for their assistance in obtaining and
interpolating this data. This work was supported by NSF Grant
ATM0839991.
NR 65
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 3
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 3
BP 774
EP 788
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00110.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 900FV
UT WOS:000300872900003
ER
PT J
AU Uhlhorn, EW
Nolan, DS
AF Uhlhorn, Eric W.
Nolan, David S.
TI Observational Undersampling in Tropical Cyclones and Implications for
Estimated Intensity
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU
OBSERVATIONS; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; PART II; HURRICANE; CORE; WINDS;
PARAMETERIZATIONS; MODEL
AB The maximum surface wind speed is an important parameter for tropical cyclone operational analysis and forecasting, since it defines the intensity of a cyclone. Operational forecast centers typically refer the wind speed to a maximum 1- or 10-min averaged value. Aircraft reconnaissance provides measurements of surface winds; however, because of the large variation of winds in the eyewall, it remains unclear to what extent observing the maximum wind is limited by the sampling pattern. Estimating storm intensity as simply the maximum of the observed winds is generally assumed by forecasters to underestimate the true storm intensity. The work presented herein attempts to quantify this difference by applying a methodology borrowed from the observing system simulation experiment concept, in which simulated "observations'' are drawn from a numerical model. These "observations'' may then be compared to the actual peak wind speed of the simulation. By sampling a high-resolution numerical simulation of Hurricane Isabel (2003) with a virtual aircraft equipped with a stepped-frequency microwave radiometer flying a standard "figure-four'' pattern, the authors find that the highest wind observed over a flight typically underestimates the 1-min averaged model wind speed by 8.5% +/- 1.5%. In contrast, due to its corresponding larger spatial scale, the 10-min averaged maximum wind speed is far less underestimated (1.5% +/- 1.7%) using the same sampling method. These results support the National Hurricane Center's practice, which typically assumes that the peak 1-min wind is somewhat greater than the highest observed wind speed over a single reconnaissance aircraft mission.
C1 [Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Nolan, David S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Uhlhorn, EW (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM eric.uhlhorn@noaa.gov
RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014
OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342
FU National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration through Cooperative
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies at the University of Miami
FX The authors thank Drs. Frank Marks, Altug Aksoy, and Mark Powell, who
provided insightful comments on preliminary versions of the manuscript.
Mark Powell's suggestions regarding gust-factor interpretation have been
particularly helpful. In addition, Specialists at the National Hurricane
Center have provided both motivation and highly valuable feedback during
the course of this project, and we thank NHC Hurricane Specialist Unit
Branch Chief James Franklin for providing a thorough review of the
article. Special thanks to Brad Klotz for processing of recent SFMR wind
data. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful
comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. D. Nolan was
supported in part by the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration
through a grant to the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric
Studies at the University of Miami.
NR 41
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 3
BP 825
EP 840
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00073.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 900FV
UT WOS:000300872900006
ER
PT J
AU Coniglio, MC
Corfidi, SF
Kain, JS
AF Coniglio, Michael C.
Corfidi, Stephen F.
Kain, John S.
TI Views on Applying RKW Theory: An Illustration Using the 8 May 2009
Derecho-Producing Convective System
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID LIVED SQUALL LINES; MULTICELL-TYPE STORMS; BOW ECHOES; TEMPORAL
BEHAVIOR; MID-LATITUDE; REAR-INFLOW; COLD POOLS; SHEAR; SIMULATION;
MOTION
AB This work presents an analysis of the vertical wind shear during the early stages of the remarkable 8 May 2009 central U. S. derecho-producing convective system. Comments on applying Rotunno-Klemp-Weisman (RKW) theory to mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) of this type also are provided. During the formative stages of the MCS, the near-surface-based shear vectors ahead of the leading convective line varied with time, location, and depth, but the line-normal component of the shear in any layer below 3 km ahead of where the strong bow echo developed was relatively small (6-9 m s(-1)). Concurrently, the midlevel (3-6 km) line-normal shear component had magnitudes mostly >10 m s(-1) throughout.
In a previous companion paper, it was hypothesized that an unusually strong and expansive low-level jet led to dramatic changes in instability, shear, and forced ascent over mesoscale areas. These mesoscale effects may have overwhelmed the interactions between the cold pool and low-level shear that modulate system structure in less complex environments. If cold pool-shear interactions were critical to producing such a strong system, then the extension of the line-normal shear above 3 km also appeared to be critical. It is suggested that RKW theory be applied with much caution, and that examining the shear above 3 km is important, if one wishes to explain the formation and maintenance of intense long-lived convective systems, particularly complex nocturnal systems like the one that occurred on 8 May 2009.
C1 [Coniglio, Michael C.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, NOAA, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Corfidi, Stephen F.] NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, NOAA, Rm 2234,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov
NR 54
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 3
BP 1023
EP 1043
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00026.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 900FV
UT WOS:000300872900018
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, WC
White, CC
Byrd, WE
Tan, KT
AF Thomas, William C.
White, Christopher C.
Byrd, Walter E.
Tan, Kar Tean
TI Transient temperatures of wet and dry polymeric film coated specimens
experiencing outdoor exposure
SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Organic coatings; Temperature prediction; Outdoor exposure; Degradation;
Weathering
ID COATINGS
AB A mathematical model based on an "aggregated-capacity" temperature analysis is presented and validated for predicting the temperature of thin polymeric films bonded to substrate materials. This model is applicable to coatings on metallic or other substrate materials when the ratio of the thermal resistance across the substrate to the resistance across the coating to ambient is less than approximately 0.1. An analytical rather than a numerical method, was employed to circumvent formulation difficulties and calculation constraints associated with the latter approach for extremely thin coatings. Periodic measurements of ambient dry-bulb and dew-point temperature, wind speed (to estimate convection coefficients), sky temperature, precipitation, and solar irradiation are inputs for determining heat exchange at coating surfaces. In addition to convection and solar irradiation, the model accounts for the effects of infrared exchange with the surrounding sky, dew formation on coating surfaces, and precipitation along with insulation and ambient convection at the back surface of the substrate. Based on comparisons with National Institute of Standards and Technology data on specimen temperature and simultaneous weather data compiled between 2006 and 2008, the analytical model correlated well to measured temperatures, and provided a tractable, computationally efficient, and validated solution for predicting long term transient temperatures in thin-coated specimens. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [White, Christopher C.; Byrd, Walter E.; Tan, Kar Tean] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Thomas, William C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM christopher.white@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-3910
J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL
JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 97
IS 3
BP 421
EP 429
DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.11.012
PG 9
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 900WX
UT WOS:000300923500028
ER
PT J
AU Huang, L
Mao, X
Abdulaev, NG
Ngo, T
Liu, W
Ridge, KD
AF Huang, Li
Mao, Xiang
Abdulaev, Najmoutin G.
Ngo, Tony
Liu, Wei
Ridge, Kevin D.
TI One-step purification of a functional, constitutively activated form of
visual arrestin
SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Acrestin; Vision; Desensitization; Rhodopsin; Affinity fusion-tag;
Subtilisin; Protein purification; Automated chromatography
ID PROTEIN ALPHA-SUBUNIT; ROD OUTER SEGMENTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RHODOPSIN
INTERACTIONS; PHOSPHORYLATION-RECOGNITION; SYNTHETIC PHOSPHOPEPTIDE;
CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; RECEPTOR-BINDING; OGUCHI-DISEASE; NMR ANALYSIS
AB Desensitization of agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) requires phosphorylation followed by the binding of arrestin, a similar to 48 kDa soluble protein. While crystal structures for the inactive, 'basal' state of various arrestins are available, the conformation of 'activated' arrestin adopted upon interaction with activated GPCRs remains unknown. As a first step towards applying high-resolution structural methods to study arrestin conformation and dynamics, we have utilized the subtilisin prodomain/Profinity eXact (TM) fusion-tag system for the high-level bacterial expression and one-step purification of wild-type visual arrestin (arrestin 1) as well as a mutant form (R175E) of the protein that binds to non-phosphorylated, light-activated rhodopsin (Rho*). The results show that both prodomain/Profinity eXact (TM) fusion-tagged wild-type and R175E arrestins can be expressed to levels approaching 2-3 mg/l in Luria-Bertani media, and that the processed, tag-free mature forms can be purified to near homogeneity using a Bio-Scale (TM) Mini Profinity eXact (TM) cartridge on the Profinia (TM) purification system. Functional analysis of R175E arrestin generated using this approach shows that it binds to non-phosphorylated rhodopsin in a light-dependent manner. These findings should facilitate the structure determination of this 'constitutively activated' state of arrestin 1 as well as the monitoring of conformational changes upon interaction with Rho*. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huang, Li; Mao, Xiang] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Abdulaev, Najmoutin G.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Abdulaev, Najmoutin G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Ngo, Tony; Ridge, Kevin D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Membrane Biol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Liu, Wei] Biorad Labs Inc, Hercules, CA 94547 USA.
RP Mao, X (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM xmao@njau.edu.cn
FU Welch Foundation [AU-1613]
FX This work was supported in part by Welch Foundation grant AU-1613 (to
K.D.R.). We thank Profs. David Farrens and Kris Palczewski, and Dr.
Dennis Yee for constructive comments on the manuscript.
NR 49
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1046-5928
EI 1096-0279
J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF
JI Protein Expr. Purif.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 82
IS 1
BP 55
EP 60
DI 10.1016/j.pep.2011.11.007
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 900WZ
UT WOS:000300923700009
PM 22133714
ER
PT J
AU Fedrizzi, M
Fuller-Rowell, TJ
Codrescu, MV
AF Fedrizzi, Mariangel
Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.
Codrescu, Mihail V.
TI Global Joule heating index derived from thermospheric density
physics-based modeling and observations
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-LATITUDE THERMOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELD MODEL; POLAR-CAP INDEX;
GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ACCELEROMETER DATA; CHAMP OBSERVATIONS;
EMPIRICAL-MODEL; NEUTRAL DENSITY; NITRIC-OXIDE; ENERGY FLUX
AB The primary operational impact of upper atmospheric neutral density variability is on satellite drag. Drag is the most difficult force to model mainly because of the complexity of neutral atmosphere variations driven by solar UV and EUV radiation power, magnetospheric energy input, and the propagation from below of lower atmosphere waves. Taking into account the self-consistent interactions between neutral winds, composition, ion drifts, and ionization densities, first-principles models are able to provide a more realistic representation of neutral density than empirical models in the upper atmosphere. Their largest sources of uncertainty, however, are the semiannual variations in neutral density and the magnitude, spatial distribution, and temporal evolution of the magnetospheric energy input. In this study, results from the physics-based coupled thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere electrodynamics (CTIPe) model and measurements from the CHAMP satellite are compared and used to improve the modeled thermospheric neutral density estimates. The good agreement between modeled and observed densities over an uninterrupted yearlong period of variable conditions gives confidence that the thermosphere-ionosphere system energy influx from solar radiation and magnetospheric sources is reasonable and that Joule heating, the dominant source during geomagnetically disturbed conditions, is appropriately estimated. On the basis of the correlation between neutral density and energy injection, a global time-dependent Joule heating index (JHI) is derived from the relationship between Joule heating computed by the CTIPe model and neutral density measured by the CHAMP satellite. Preliminary results show an improvement in density estimates using CTIPe JHI, demonstrating its potential for neutral density modeling applied to atmospheric drag determination. Citation: Fedrizzi, M., T. J. Fuller-Rowell, and M. V. Codrescu (2012), Global Joule heating index derived from thermospheric density physics-based modeling and observations, Space Weather, 10, S03001, doi:10.1029/2011SW000724.
C1 [Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.; Codrescu, Mihail V.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Fedrizzi, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM mariangel.fedrizzi@noaa.gov
RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012
FU AFOSR MURI NADIR
FX Funding for this research was provided by the AFOSR MURI NADIR project.
The authors would like to thank Eric Sutton of the Air Force Research
Laboratory for providing neutral density data from the CHAMP satellite,
and Bruce Bowman of the Air Force Space Command for assistance with
JB2008 empirical thermospheric density model runs.
NR 84
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 10
AR S03001
DI 10.1029/2011SW000724
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 903QX
UT WOS:000301134800001
ER
PT J
AU Amitai, E
Petersen, W
Llort, X
Vasiloff, S
AF Amitai, Eyal
Petersen, Walter
Llort, Xavier
Vasiloff, Steve
TI Multiplatform Comparisons of Rain Intensity for Extreme Precipitation
Events
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Extreme precipitation events; meteorological radar; multi sensor
quantitative precipitation estimation; precipitation; probability
distribution function; rainfall intensity; spaceborne radar; Tropical
Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
ID PROFILING ALGORITHM; MEASURING MISSION; RADAR; TRMM; VALIDATION; FLORIDA
AB Rainfall intensities during heavy rain events over the continental U. S. are compared for several advanced radar products. These products include the following: 1) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) near-surface estimates; 2) NOAA Quantitative Precipitation Estimation very high resolution (1 km, instantaneous) radar-only national mosaics (Q2); 3) very high resolution gauge-adjusted radar national mosaics, which we have developed by applying a gauge correction on the Q2 products; and 4) several independent C-band dual-polarimetric radar-estimated rainfall samples collected with the Advanced C-band Radar for Meteorological and Operational Research (ARMOR) radar in Alabama. These instantaneous rainfall rate fields [i.e., 1)-3)] can be considered as radar products with the largest coverage currently available from space- and ground-based radar observations. Although accumulated rainfall amounts are often similar, we find the PR and Q2 rain-rate histograms quite different. PR rain-rate histograms are shifted toward lower rain rates, implying a much larger stratiform/convective rain ratio than do products such as Q2. The shift is more evident during strong continental convective storms and not as pronounced in tropical rain. A "continental/maritime regime" behavior is also observed upon adjusting the Q2 products to rain gauges, yet the rain amount more closely agrees with that of PR. The independent PR/ARMOR comparisons confirm this systematic regime behavior. In addition, comparisons are performed over central Florida where PR, Q2, and the NASA TRMM ground validation products are available. These comparisons show large discrepancies among all three products. Resolving the large discrepancies between the products presents an important set of challenges related to improving remote-sensing estimates of precipitation in general and during extreme events in particular.
C1 [Amitai, Eyal] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Amitai, Eyal] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Orange, CA 92866 USA.
[Petersen, Walter] NASA Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
[Llort, Xavier] Hydrometeorol Innovate Solut HYDS, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
[Vasiloff, Steve] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Amitai, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Eyal.Amitai@nasa.gov
FU NASA [NNX07AK47G, NNX07AK39G, NNX10AJ12G]; Spanish MICINN
[ESP2007-62417]
FX The work of E. Amitai and W. Petersen was supported by Dr. Ramesh Kakar
via the NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions Project under Grants
NNX07AK47G, NNX07AK39G, and NNX10AJ12G. The work of X. Llort was
supported by the Spanish MICINN-Project ESP2007-62417.
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 17
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 3
BP 675
EP 686
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2162737
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 898FV
UT WOS:000300724300001
ER
PT J
AU Yu, YY
Tarpley, D
Privette, JL
Flynn, LE
Xu, H
Chen, M
Vinnikov, KY
Sun, DL
Tian, YH
AF Yu, Yunyue
Tarpley, Dan
Privette, Jeffrey L.
Flynn, Lawrence E.
Xu, Hui
Chen, Ming
Vinnikov, Konstantin Y.
Sun, Donglian
Tian, Yuhong
TI Validation of GOES-R Satellite Land Surface Temperature Algorithm Using
SURFRAD Ground Measurements and Statistical Estimates of Error
Properties
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Algorithm evaluation; land surface temperature (LST); satellite
measurement; SURFace RADiation (SURFRAD)
ID RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; MODIS DATA; PRODUCTS
AB Validation of satellite land surface temperature (LST) is a challenge because of spectral, spatial, and temporal variabilities of land surface emissivity. Highly accurate in situ LST measurements are required for validating satellite LST products but are very hard to obtain, except at discrete points or for very short time periods (e. g., during field campaigns). To compare these field-measured point data with moderate-resolution (similar to 1 km) satellite products requires a scaling process that can introduce errors that ultimately exceed those in the satellite-derived LST products whose validation is sought. This paper presents a new method of validating the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) R-Series (GOES-R) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) LST algorithm. It considers the error structures of both ground and satellite data sets. The method applies a linear fitting model to the satellite data and coregistered "match-up" ground data for estimating the precisions of both data sets. In this paper, GOES-8 Imager data were used as a proxy of the GOES-R ABI data for the satellite LST derivation. The in situ data set was obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's SURFace RADiation (SURFRAD) budget network using a stringent match-up process. The data cover one year of GOES-8 Imager observations over six SURFRAD sites. For each site, more than 1000 cloud-free match-up data pairs were obtained for day and night to ensure statistical significance. The average precision over all six sites was found to be 1.58 K, as compared to the GOES-R LST required precision of 2.3 K. The least precise comparison at an individual SURFRAD site was 1.8 K. The conclusion is that, for these ground truth sites, the GOES-R LST algorithm meets the specifications and that an upper boundary on the precision of the satellite LSTs can be determined.
C1 [Yu, Yunyue; Flynn, Lawrence E.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Tarpley, Dan] Short & Associates, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Privette, Jeffrey L.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Xu, Hui; Chen, Ming; Tian, Yuhong] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Vinnikov, Konstantin Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sun, Donglian] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Yu, YY (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Yunyue.Yu@noaa.gov; Dan.Tarpley@noaa.gov; jeff.privette@noaa.gov;
Lawrence.E.Flynn@noaa.gov; Hui.Xu@noaa.gov; Ming.Chen@noaa.gov;
kostya@atmos.umd.edu; dsun@gmu.edu; Yuhong.Tian@noaa.gov
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010; Yu,
Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526;
Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894
FU Application Working Group, Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite R-Series, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
FX This work was supported by the Application Working Group, Geostationary
Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
NR 21
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 12
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 3
BP 704
EP 713
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2162338
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 898FV
UT WOS:000300724300003
ER
PT J
AU Walsh, SM
Hamilton, SL
Ruttenberg, BI
Donovan, MK
Sandin, SA
AF Walsh, S. M.
Hamilton, S. L.
Ruttenberg, B. I.
Donovan, M. K.
Sandin, S. A.
TI Fishing top predators indirectly affects condition and reproduction in a
reef-fish community
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE energy allocation; gonad; Line Islands; liver; predation risk; prey
AB To examine the indirect effects of fishing on energy allocation in non-target prey species, condition and reproductive potential were measured for five representative species (two-spot red snapper Lutjanus bohar, arc-eye hawkfish Paracirrhites arcatus, blackbar devil Plectroglyphidodon dickii, bicolour chromis Chromis margaritifer and whitecheek surgeonfish Acanthurus nigricans) from three reef-fish communities with different levels of fishing and predator abundance in the northern Line Islands, central Pacific Ocean. Predator abundance differed by five to seven-fold among islands, and despite no clear differences in prey abundance, differences in prey condition and reproductive potential among islands were found. Body condition (mean body mass adjusted for length) was consistently lower at sites with higher predator abundance for three of the four prey species. Mean liver mass (adjusted for total body mass), an indicator of energy reserves, was also lower at sites with higher predator abundance for three of the prey species and the predator. Trends in reproductive potential were less clear. Mean gonad mass (adjusted for total body mass) was high where predator abundance was high for only one of the three species in which it was measured. Evidence of consistently low prey body condition and energy reserves in a diverse suite of species at reefs with high predator abundance suggests that fishing may indirectly affect non-target prey-fish populations through changes in predation and predation risk.
C1 [Walsh, S. M.] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
[Walsh, S. M.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Hamilton, S. L.; Ruttenberg, B. I.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 91306 USA.
[Hamilton, S. L.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Ruttenberg, B. I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Donovan, M. K.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Sandin, S. A.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA.
RP Walsh, SM (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 4245 N Fairfax Dr,Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
EM swalsh@tnc.org
RI Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012
NR 0
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 80
IS 3
BP 519
EP 537
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03209.x
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 901AK
UT WOS:000300933900004
PM 22380551
ER
PT J
AU Keller, RR
Geiss, RH
AF Keller, R. R.
Geiss, R. H.
TI Transmission EBSD from 10 nm domains in a scanning electron microscope
SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Crystallography; EBSD; nanoparticle analysis; SEM; transmission EBSD;
ultrathin film analysis
ID BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; KIKUCHI PATTERNS;
SIMULATION; GRAIN
AB The spatial resolution of electron diffraction within the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has progressed from channelling methods capable of measuring crystallographic characteristics from 10 mu m regions to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) methods capable of measuring 120 nm particles. Here, we report a new form of low-energy transmission Kikuchi diffraction, performed in the SEM. Transmission-EBSD (t-EBSD) makes use of an EBSD detector and software to capture and analyse the angular intensity variation in large-angle forward scattering of electrons in transmission, without postspecimen coils. We collected t-EBSD patterns from FeCo nanoparticles of diameter 10 nm and from 40 nm-thick Ni films with in-plane grain size 15 nm. The patterns exhibited contrast similar to that seen in EBSD, but are formed in transmission. Monte Carlo scattering simulations showed that in addition to the order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution from isolated particles, the energy width of the scattered electrons in t-EBSD is nearly two orders of magnitude narrower than that of conventional EBSD. This new low-energy transmission diffraction approach builds upon recent progress in achieving unprecedented levels of imaging resolution for materials characterization in the SEM by adding high-spatial-resolution analytical capabilities.
C1 [Keller, R. R.; Geiss, R. H.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Keller, RR (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bob.keller@nist.gov
RI Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012
FU NIST Office of Microelectronics
FX We thank the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for support, and
Justin Shaw, NIST Electromagnetics Division, for fabricating silicon
nitride membranes. Commercial equipment, instruments or materials are
identified in order to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case
does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
the products identified are necessarily the best available for the
purpose.
NR 31
TC 91
Z9 91
U1 9
U2 135
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-2720
J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD
JI J. Microsc..
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 245
IS 3
BP 245
EP 251
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03566.x
PG 7
WC Microscopy
SC Microscopy
GA 897QM
UT WOS:000300669100005
ER
PT J
AU Bassim, ND
De Gregorio, BT
Kilcoyne, ALD
Scott, K
Chou, T
Wirick, S
Cody, G
Stroud, RM
AF Bassim, N. D.
De Gregorio, B. T.
Kilcoyne, A. L. D.
Scott, K.
Chou, T.
Wirick, S.
Cody, G.
Stroud, R. M.
TI Minimizing damage during FIB sample preparation of soft materials
SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Damage; focused ion beam; SEM; soft materials; STXM; TEM; XANES
ID FOCUSED-ION-BEAM; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY MICROSCOPES;
THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TEM-EELS; NEXAFS; ULTRAMICROTOMY; MICROANALYSIS;
ABSORPTION; EXTRACTION
AB Although focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy has been used successfully for milling patterns and creating ultra-thin electron and soft X-ray transparent sections of polymers and other soft materials, little has been documented regarding FIB-induced damage of these materials beyond qualitative evaluations of microstructure. In this study, we sought to identify steps in the FIB preparation process that can cause changes in chemical composition and bonding in soft materials. The impact of various parameters in the FIB-scanning electron microscope (SEM) sample preparation process, such as final milling voltage, temperature, ion beam overlap and mechanical stability of soft samples, was evaluated using two test-case materials systems: polyacrylamide, a low melting-point polymer, and Wyodak lignite coal, a refractory organic material. We evaluated changes in carbon bonding in the samples using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) at the carbon K edge and compared these samples with thin sections that had been prepared mechanically using ultramicrotomy. Minor chemical changes were induced in the coal samples during FIB-SEM preparation, and little effect was observed by changing ion-beam parameters. However, polyacrylamide was particularly sensitive to irradiation by the electron beam, which drastically altered the chemistry of the sample, with the primary damage occurring as an increase in the amount of aromatic carbon bonding (C=C). Changes in temperature, final milling voltage and beam overlap led to small improvements in the quality of the specimens. We outline a series of best practices for preparing electron and soft X-ray transparent samples, with respect to preserving chemical structure and mechanical stability of soft materials using the FIB.
C1 [Bassim, N. D.; Stroud, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[De Gregorio, B. T.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr ESCG, Houston, TX USA.
[Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Scott, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chou, T.] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR USA.
[Wirick, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, New York, NY USA.
[Cody, G.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
RP Bassim, ND (reprint author), Code 6366,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM nabil.bassim@nrl.navy.mil
RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015; Kilcoyne,
David/I-1465-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008
OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; Stroud,
Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-05CH11231];
Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National
Research Council Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research;
Province of Saskatchewan; Western Economic Diversification Canada;
University of Saskatchewan
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NASA SRLIDAP
program, which funded this research. Additionally, the authors are
thankful for the support Paul Fischione and Junhai Liu of E. A.
Fischione, Inc. Thomas Zega of the Naval Research Laboratory was quite
helpful in some discussions of the results. Use of the NSLS and ALS was
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts No.
DE-AC02-98CH10886 and DE-AC02-05CH11231, respectively, while use of the
CLS was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research
Council of Canada, the National Research Council Canada, the Canadian
Institutes of Health Research, the Province of Saskatchewan, Western
Economic Diversification Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan.
Finally, some of this work was performed at the NRL Nanoscience
Institute and was greatly enabled by excellent facility support.
NR 45
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 4
U2 67
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-2720
J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD
JI J. Microsc..
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 245
IS 3
BP 288
EP 301
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03570.x
PG 14
WC Microscopy
SC Microscopy
GA 897QM
UT WOS:000300669100009
ER
PT J
AU Gao, JD
Stensrud, DJ
AF Gao, Jidong
Stensrud, David J.
TI Assimilation of Reflectivity Data in a Convective-Scale, Cycled 3DVAR
Framework with Hydrometeor Classification
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID KALMAN FILTER ASSIMILATION; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; PREDICTION
SYSTEM ARPS; LEVEL-II DATA; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; BULK
PARAMETERIZATION; CLOUD ANALYSIS; FORT-WORTH; PART I; MODEL
AB The impact of assimilating radar reflectivity and radial velocity data with an intermittent, cycled three-dimensional variational assimilation (3DVAR) system is explored using an idealized thunderstorm case and a real data case on 8 May 2003. A new forward operator for radar reflectivity is developed that uses a background temperature field provided by a numerical weather prediction model for automatic hydrometeor classification. Three types of experiments are performed on both the idealized and real data cases. The first experiment uses radial velocity data only, the second experiment uses both radial velocity and reflectivity data without hydrometeor classification, and the final experiment uses both radial velocity and reflectivity data with hydrometeor classification. All experiments advance the analysis state to the next observation time using a numerical model prediction, which is then used as the background for the next analysis. Results from both the idealized and real data cases show that, assimilating only radial velocity data, the model can reconstruct the supercell thunderstorm after several cycles, but the development of precipitation is delayed because of the well-known spinup problem. The spinup problem is reduced dramatically when assimilating reflectivity without hydrometeor classification. The analyses are further improved using the new reflectivity formulation with hydrometeor classification. This study represents a successful first effort in variational convective-scale data assimilation to partition hydrometeors using a background temperature field from a numerical weather prediction model.
C1 [Gao, Jidong; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Gao, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jidong.gao@noaa.gov
FU NSF [ATM-0738370]; NOAA
FX This work was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0738370, and NOAA's
Warn-on-Forecast project. We thank the Oklahoma Climatological Survey
for providing the Oklahoma Mesonet observations. Computations were
performed on the supercomputer sooners at OSCER, University of Oklahoma.
Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their very helpful
comments that substantially improved the quality of this manuscript.
NR 24
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 3
BP 1054
EP 1065
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0162.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 901IN
UT WOS:000300960700018
ER
PT J
AU Yamaguchi, T
Randall, DA
AF Yamaguchi, Takanobu
Randall, David A.
TI Cooling of Entrained Parcels in a Large-Eddy Simulation
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TOPPED MIXED LAYERS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CLOUDS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER;
DRIVEN ENTRAINMENT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; STRATOCUMULUS; MODELS;
INSTABILITY; CONVECTION; SCHEME
AB The relative importance, for cloud-top entrainment, of the cooling rates due to longwave radiation, evaporation, and mixing was assessed through analysis of the results produced by a Lagrangian parcel-tracking model (LPTM) incorporated into a large-eddy simulation model. The LFTM predicts each parcel's trajectory over time, using the resolved velocity simulated by the host model. An LPTM makes it possible to identify entrained parcels; this is almost impossible to do in an observational study.
A nocturnal stratocumulus cloud was simulated over 4 h using a 5-m horizontal grid spacing and a 2.5-m vertical grid spacing. At the start of the last hour of the simulation, over 40 million parcels were placed near the top of the inversion layer and then tracked. Parcel histories were analyzed to identify entrained parcels.
Entrainment occurs in cloud holes, which occur in dry regions of sinking air. Entrainment into the mixed layer is regulated by buoyancy, which requires parcels to be precooled in the inversion layer, prior to entrainment. A mixing fraction analysis was used to separate the cooling due to longwave radiation, evaporation, and mixing. Results show that radiative and evaporative cooling are of comparable importance, but that mixing is by far the dominant cooling mechanism. The radiative cooling rate is strongly inhomogeneous, and only weak radiative cooling is found in regions of entrainment. Therefore, the entrained parcels experience less than the horizontal-mean radiative cooling. Although radiative cooling maintains the boundary layer turbulence, its direct effect on buoyancy of entrained parcels is modest.
C1 [Yamaguchi, Takanobu] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Yamaguchi, Takanobu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Randall, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Yamaguchi, T (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Chem Sci Div CSD2 R, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tak.yamaguchi@noaa.gov
RI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Manager,
CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; Randall,
David/0000-0001-6935-4112;
FU Department of Energy [E-FC02-06ER64302]; National Science Foundation
(NSF); Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP);
Colorado State University [ATM-0425247]; Physics of Stratocumulus Top
(POST); NSF [ATM-0735118, ATM-0735121]
FX The authors thank Steven Krueger for helpful suggestions. The
implementation of RRTM into SAM was carried out by Peter Blossey and
Robert Pincus. This study has been supported by a grant from the
Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing
(SciDAC) program, Grant DE-FC02-06ER64302; through the National Science
Foundation (NSF) support of the Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of
Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP), managed by Colorado State University
under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247; and through the Physics of
Stratocumulus Top (POST) project funded by NSF under Grants ATM-0735118
and ATM-0735121. Computing time was provided by the National Center for
Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is sponsored by the NSF.
NR 45
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 3
BP 1118
EP 1136
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-080.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 901IN
UT WOS:000300960700022
ER
PT J
AU Wenner, MT
Haghighat, A
Adams, JM
Carlson, AD
Grimes, SM
Massey, TN
AF Wenner, Michael T.
Haghighat, Alireza
Adams, James M.
Carlson, Allan D.
Grimes, Steven M.
Massey, Thomas N.
TI Novel Investigation of Iron Cross Sections via Spherical Shell
Transmission Measurements and Particle Transport Calculations for
Material Embrittlement Studies
SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID 14-MEV NEUTRONS; SPECTRA
AB We have carried out a multifaceted research project to improve our knowledge of the iron nonelastic scattering cross sections. Spherical shell transmission measurements were made using time-of-flight techniques with neutrons from the N-15(p,n)O-15 and D(d,n)(3) He source reactions. For the N-15(p,n)O-15 work, measurements were made with a proton energy of 5.1 MeV. Measurements were made from 3 to 7-MeV deuteron energy for the D(d,n)He-3 work. For both source reactions, the angular range was as large as 15 to 135 deg. Two shell thicknesses were used. Comparisons are given between Monte Carlo predictions and experimental data.
Utilizing a new tallying option, the estimated total iron cross sections at energies corresponding to the peak of the spectra for the 0-deg experiments were calculated to within 1% of the data in the ENDF/B-VII library. A processing code was developed to adjust ENDF format files to obtain closer agreement between measurements and calculations. Sensitivity analyses were performed at energies corresponding to the 0-deg beam angle neutrons. Using cross sections where the nonelastic and elastic cross sections were adjusted while constraining the total cross section to be constant, differences between experiment and calculation were reduced by similar to 40% for a pressure vessel calculation. Such fluence calculations with adjusted cross sections indicate possible underestimation of neutron fluence, and therefore more material damage.
C1 [Wenner, Michael T.; Haghighat, Alireza] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Adams, James M.; Carlson, Allan D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Grimes, Steven M.; Massey, Thomas N.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
RP Wenner, MT (reprint author), Westinghouse Elect Co, Res & Technol Unit, 600 Cranberry Woods Dr,Suite 679, Cranberry Township, PA 16066 USA.
EM wennermt@westinghouse.com
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5639
J9 NUCL SCI ENG
JI Nucl. Sci. Eng.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 170
IS 3
BP 207
EP 233
PG 27
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 899LH
UT WOS:000300816900001
ER
PT J
AU Jablonski, A
Powell, CJ
AF Jablonski, A.
Powell, C. J.
TI Elastic photoelectron-scattering effects in quantitative X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy
SO SURFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Computer simulations; Electron-solid scattering and transmission -
elastic; Photoelectron emission
ID MEAN FREE PATHS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CORRECTION PARAMETERS;
POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; ATTENUATION LENGTHS;
ATOMIC POTENTIALS; XPS; PHOTOEMISSION; DEPENDENCE
AB We present improved formulae for the correction parameters Q(x) and beta(eff) that are used to account for elastic scattering of photoelectrons in quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The new formulae are based on new Monte Carlo simulations for 584 photoelectrons in 39 elemental solids that could be excited by Mg K alpha and Al K alpha X-rays in 315 different XPS configurations. The new simulations differed from similar earlier calculations in that differential elastic-scattering cross sections calculated from the Dirac-Hartree-Fock potential were utilized rather than those from the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac potential, a smaller analyzer acceptance angle was chosen, and the number of trajectories in each simulation was an order of magnitude larger. New values of Q(x) and beta(eff) were obtained for each photoelectron line, each X-ray source, and each XPS configuration. These Q(x) and beta(eff) values could be fitted to simple two-parameter expressions, each a function of the single-scattering albedo and the photoelectron emission angle. Values of Q(x) from the new predictive formula differed from the previous expression by less than 1%. Larger deviations in the values of beta(eff), up to 2.5%, were found from the new fit to the beta(eff) parameter. The new expressions for Q(x) and beta(eff) provide a convenient means for correction of elastic-scattering effects in XPS. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jablonski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland.
[Powell, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Ul Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland.
EM ajablonski@ichf.edu.pl
NR 32
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-6028
J9 SURF SCI
JI Surf. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 606
IS 5-6
BP 644
EP 651
DI 10.1016/j.susc.2011.12.003
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 900VU
UT WOS:000300920600010
ER
PT J
AU Chantler, CT
Islam, MT
Rae, NA
Tran, CQ
Glover, JL
Barnea, Z
AF Chantler, C. T.
Islam, M. T.
Rae, N. A.
Tran, C. Q.
Glover, J. L.
Barnea, Z.
TI New consistency tests for high-accuracy measurements of X-ray mass
attenuation coefficients by the X-ray extended-range technique
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES
LA English
DT Article
DE gold; XERT; high-Z materials
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRIC CROSS-SECTIONS;
INTERNATIONAL-UNION; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; POWDER DIFFRACTION; ENERGY;
ELEMENTS; CU; TRANSMISSION; FLUORESCENCE
AB An extension of the X-ray extended-range technique is described for measuring X-ray mass attenuation coefficients by introducing absolute measurement of a number of foils the multiple independent foil technique. Illustrating the technique with the results of measurements for gold in the 3850 keV energy range, it is shown that its use enables selection of the most uniform and well defined of available foils, leading to more accurate measurements; it allows one to test the consistency of independently measured absolute values of the mass attenuation coefficient with those obtained by the thickness transfer method; and it tests the linearity of the response of the counter and counting chain throughout the range of X-ray intensities encountered in a given experiment. In light of the results for gold, the strategy to be ideally employed in measuring absolute X-ray mass attenuation coefficients, X-ray absorption fine structure and related quantities is discussed.
C1 [Chantler, C. T.; Islam, M. T.; Rae, N. A.; Glover, J. L.; Barnea, Z.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Islam, M. T.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Tran, C. Q.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.
[Glover, J. L.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chantler, CT (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
EM chantler@unimelb.edu.au
RI Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013; Tran, Chanh/M-7868-2015
OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048;
FU Australian Research Council
FX The work was funded by the Australian Research Council. The authors
would like to thank the APS where the experiment was performed, and the
Australian synchrotron access program.
NR 57
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 17
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 2053-2733
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A
JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 68
BP 188
EP 195
DI 10.1107/S0108767311044990
PN 2
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 897TA
UT WOS:000300678400003
PM 22338654
ER
PT J
AU Foster, EA
Franks, DW
Morrell, LJ
Balcomb, KC
Parsons, KM
van Ginneken, A
Croft, DP
AF Foster, Emma A.
Franks, Daniel W.
Morrell, Lesley J.
Balcomb, Ken C.
Parsons, Kim M.
van Ginneken, Astrid
Croft, Darren P.
TI Social network correlates of food availability in an endangered
population of killer whales, Orcinus orca
SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
LA English
DT Article
DE association; chinook salmon; clustering; foraging; group living; killer
whale; Orcinus orca; prey; social dynamics; social organization
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; GROUP-SIZE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; GENETIC RELATEDNESS;
POECILIA-RETICULATA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PREY
ABUNDANCE
AB For the majority of social species, group composition is dynamic, and individuals are interconnected in a heterogeneous social network. Social network structure has far-reaching implications for the ecology of individuals and populations. However, we have little understanding of how ecological variables shape this structure. We used a long-term data set (1984-2007) to examine the relationship between food availability and social network structure in the endangered southern resident killer whales. During the summer months individuals in this population feed primarily on chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which show annual variation in abundance. We tested the hypothesis that temporal variation in chinook salmon will correlate with variation in social network structure. Using a null model that controlled for population demography, group size and sampling effort, we found a significant relationship between the connectivity of the social network and salmon abundance, with a more interconnected social network in years of high salmon abundance. Our results demonstrate that resource availability may be an important determinant of social network structure. Given the central importance of the social network for population processes such as the maintenance of cooperation and the transmission of information and disease, a change in social network structure caused by a change in food availability may have significant ecological and evolutionary consequences. (C) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Foster, Emma A.; Croft, Darren P.] Univ Exeter, Washington Singer Labs, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England.
[Foster, Emma A.; Balcomb, Ken C.; Parsons, Kim M.; van Ginneken, Astrid] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA USA.
[Franks, Daniel W.] Univ York, Dept Biol, York Ctr Complex Syst Anal, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Franks, Daniel W.] Univ York, Dept Comp Sci, York Ctr Complex Syst Anal, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Morrell, Lesley J.] Univ Hull, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston Upon Hull, Yorks, England.
[Parsons, Kim M.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Foster, EA (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Washington Singer Labs, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Perry Rd, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England.
EM emfosteruk@gmail.com
RI Morrell, Lesley/A-4311-2008; Croft, Darren/B-5503-2009
OI Morrell, Lesley/0000-0003-0256-7871; Croft, Darren/0000-0001-6869-5097
FU BBSRC; Center for Whale Research
FX We acknowledge funding from the BBSRC and the Center for Whale Research.
We thank the PSC for provision of the salmon abundance data, and 30
years of staff and Earthwatch volunteers. We also thank three referees
whose comments greatly improved the manuscript.
NR 74
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 8
U2 152
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0003-3472
EI 1095-8282
J9 ANIM BEHAV
JI Anim. Behav.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 83
IS 3
BP 731
EP 736
DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.021
PG 6
WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
GA 897CF
UT WOS:000300618100018
ER
PT J
AU Yamahara, KM
Sassoubre, LM
Goodwin, KD
Boehm, AB
AF Yamahara, Kevan M.
Sassoubre, Lauren M.
Goodwin, Kelly D.
Boehm, Alexandria B.
TI Occurrence and Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens and Indicator
Organisms in Beach Sand along the California Coast
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; 16S
RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUANTITATIVE PCR; BATHING BEACHES;
GENOME SEQUENCE; SOUTH FLORIDA; MARINE WATERS; SALMONELLA
AB This report documents the presence of fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in sand at 53 California marine beaches using both culture-dependent and -independent (PCR and quantitative PCR [QPCR]) methods. Fecal indicator bacteria were widespread in California beach sand, with Escherichia coli and enterococci detected at 68% and 94% of the beaches surveyed, respectively. Somatic coliphages and a Bacteroidales human-specific fecal marker were detected at 43% and 13% of the beaches, respectively. Dry sand samples from almost 30% of the beaches contained at least one of the following pathogens: Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which were detected at 15%, 13%, 14%, and 3% of tested beaches, respectively. Fecal indicators and pathogens were poorly correlated to one another and to land cover. Sands were dry at the time of collection, and those with relatively high moisture tended to have higher concentrations or a more frequent occurrence of both indicators and pathogens. Using culture-dependent assays, fecal indicators decayed faster than pathogens in microcosm experiments using unaltered beach sand seeded with sewage and assessed by culture-dependent assays. The following order of persistence was observed (listed from most to least persistent): Campylobacter > Salmonella > somatic coliphages > enterococci > E. coli > F+ phages. In contrast, pathogens decayed faster than fecal indicators in culture-independent assays: enterococci > Bacteroidales human-specific marker > Salmonella > Campylobacter. Microcosm experiments demonstrated that both indicators and pathogens were mobilized by wetting with seawater. Decay rates measured by QPCR were lower than those measured with culture-dependent methods. Enterococcal persistence and possible growth were observed for wetted microcosms relative to unwetted controls.
C1 [Yamahara, Kevan M.; Sassoubre, Lauren M.; Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Goodwin, Kelly D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Boehm, AB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM aboehm@stanford.edu
RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014
OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073
FU NSF [BES-0641406]
FX This work was supported by NSF CAREER award BES-0641406 to A.B.B.
NR 78
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 4
U2 46
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 78
IS 6
BP 1733
EP 1745
DI 10.1128/AEM.06185-11
PG 13
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 897EX
UT WOS:000300629800014
PM 22247142
ER
PT J
AU Maslar, JE
Kimes, WA
Sperling, BA
AF Maslar, James E.
Kimes, William A.
Sperling, Brent A.
TI Quantum Cascade Laser-Based Measurement of Metal Alkylamide Density
During Atomic Layer Deposition
SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atomic layer deposition; ALD; Laser spectroscopy; Metal alkylamide;
Infrared absorption; Quantum cascade laser; TEMAH;
Tetrakis(ethylmethylamino) hafnium
ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NITRIDE
THIN-FILMS; GAS-PHASE; TITANIUM NITRIDE; HAFNIUM
TETRAKIS(ETHYLMETHYLAMIDE); THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; SI(100) SURFACES;
TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMIDO)TITANIUM; PRECURSORS
AB An in situ gas-phase diagnostic for the metal alkylamide compound tetrakis(ethylmethylamido) hafnium (TEMAH), Hf[(C2H5)(CH3)](4), was demonstrated. This diagnostic is based on direct absorption measurement of TEMAH vapor using an external cavity quantum cascade laser emitting at 979 cm(-1), coinciding with the most intense TEMAH absorption in the mid-infrared spectral region, and employing 50 kHz amplitude modulation with synchronous detection. Measurements were performed in a single-pass configuration in a research-grade atomic layer deposition (ALD) chamber. To examine the detection limit of this technique for use as a TEMAH delivery monitor, this technique was demonstrated in the absence of any other deposition reactants or products, and to examine the selectivity of this technique in the presence of deposition products that potentially interfere with detection of TEMAH vapor, it was demonstrated during ALD of hafnium oxide using TEMAH and water. This technique successfully detected TEMAH at molecular densities present during simulated industrial ALD conditions. During hafnium oxide ALD using TEMAH and water, absorbance from gas-phase reaction products did not interfere with TEMAH measurements while absorption by reaction products deposited on the optical windows did interfere, although interfering absorption by deposited reaction products corresponded to only approximate to 4% of the total derived TEMAH density. With short measurement times and appropriate signal averaging, estimated TEMAH minimum detectable densities as low as approximate to 2 x 10(12) molecules/cm(3) could be obtained. While this technique was demonstrated specifically for TEMAH delivery and hafnium oxide ALD using TEMAH and water, it should be readily applicable to other metal alkylamide compounds and associated metal oxide and nitride deposition chemistries, assuming similar metal alkylamide molar absorptivity and molecular density in the measurement chamber.
C1 [Maslar, James E.; Kimes, William A.; Sperling, Brent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jmaslar@nist.gov
FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the NIST Office of Microelectronics
Programs for funding, J. T. Hodges, W. S. Hurst, and S. Crivello for
helpful discussions, P. M. Chu for assistance in obtaining the reference
spectra, E. F. Moore for performing computational fluid dynamics
simulations, and R. R. Fink for technical assistance in constructing the
ALD chamber.
NR 44
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Z9 2
U1 1
U2 11
PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
PI FREDERICK
PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA
SN 0003-7028
J9 APPL SPECTROSC
JI Appl. Spectrosc.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 66
IS 3
BP 324
EP 333
DI 10.1366/11-06473
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
GA 896VK
UT WOS:000300599300013
PM 22449311
ER
PT J
AU DiMarco, SF
Strauss, J
May, N
Mullins-Perry, RL
Grossman, EL
Shormann, D
AF DiMarco, Steven F.
Strauss, Josiah
May, Nelson
Mullins-Perry, Ruth L.
Grossman, Ethan L.
Shormann, David
TI Texas Coastal Hypoxia Linked to Brazos River Discharge as Revealed by
Oxygen Isotopes
SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Coastal hypoxia; Stratification; Oxygen isotopes; Continental shelf
processes; Gulf of Mexico; Texas
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOUISIANA SHELF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MISSISSIPPI RIVER;
UNITED-STATES; BOTTOM WATER; FRESH-WATER; SCIENCE; SALINITY; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Hypoxic conditions in the coastal waters off Texas (USA) were observed since the late 1970s, but little is known about the causes of stratification that contribute to hypoxia formation. Typically, this hypoxia is attributed to downcoast (southwestward) advection of waters from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system. Here, we present evidence for a hypoxic event on the inner shelf of Texas coincident with the presence of freshwater linked to high flow of the Brazos River in Texas. These conclusions are based on hydrographic observations and isotopic measurements of waters on the inner shelf near the Brazos River mouth. These data characterize the development, breakdown, and dispersal of a hypoxic event lasting from June through September 2007 off the Texas coast. Oxygen isotope compositions of shelf water indicate that (1) discharge from the Brazos River was the principal source of freshwater and water column stratification during the 2007 event, and (2) during low Brazos River discharge in 2008, freshwater on the Texas shelf was derived mainly from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River System. Based on these findings, we conclude that the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River System is not the sole cause of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico; however, more data are needed to determine the relative influence of the Texas versus Mississippi rivers during normal and low flow conditions of Texas rivers.
C1 [DiMarco, Steven F.; Mullins-Perry, Ruth L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Strauss, Josiah] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[May, Nelson] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Grossman, Ethan L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Shormann, David] DIVE LLC, Magnolia, TX 77353 USA.
RP DiMarco, SF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, 3146 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM sdimarco@tamu.edu
RI Strauss, Josiah/E-2242-2011; DiMarco, Steven/D-3650-2012; Strauss,
Josiah/G-1874-2012
OI DiMarco, Steven/0000-0002-4394-9094; Strauss, Josiah/0000-0002-8240-2219
FU Texas Sea Grant College Program [404538]; TAMU Department of
Oceanography; Texas' Norman Hackerman Advanced Research Program
[010366-0053-2007]; [NOAA-CSCOR NA06NOS4780198]
FX This research was supported by a Rapid Response Award by Texas Sea Grant
College Program (No. 404538). Partial funding was through a grant to S.
DiMarco (NOAA-CSCOR NA06NOS4780198), contribution number NGOMEX-132, and
the TAMU Department of Oceanography. Support for the stable isotope
analyses was provided by a grant from Texas' Norman Hackerman Advanced
Research Program (No. 010366-0053-2007). The authors thank the
dedication of Drs. Matthew Howard, Timothy Dellapena, GERG Marine
Technicians, high school students, Scott Hall, Nathaniel Weidner, Josh
Andrews, and the cohort of TAMU and TAMUG graduate students for their
fortitude and dedication during the August 7, 2007 small boat armada to
collect the ocean samples. The authors also thank T. S. Bianchi (TAMU),
N. Walker (LSU), A. Quigg (TAMUG), R. Smith (Yale), and M. Fisher (Texas
Parks and Wildlife Division) for useful discussions related to this
work. The thoughtful comments of four reviewers greatly helped to focus
this manuscript. This work is dedicated to the memory of our friend and
colleague Professor John W. Morse (Mackenzie et al. 2011).
NR 43
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Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1380-6165
EI 1573-1421
J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM
JI Aquat. Geochem.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 2
BP 159
EP 181
DI 10.1007/s10498-011-9156-x
PG 23
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 892IZ
UT WOS:000300281200005
ER
PT J
AU Dunkers, JP
Lee, YJ
Chatterjee, K
AF Dunkers, Joy P.
Lee, Young Jong
Chatterjee, Kaushik
TI Single cell viability measurements in 3D scaffolds using in situ label
free imaging by optical coherence microscopy
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cell viability; Hydrogel; Image analysis; Scaffold; Stem cell
ID TISSUE; TOMOGRAPHY; APOPTOSIS; NECROSIS; VITRO; CONSTRUCTS; HYDROGELS;
COLLAGEN; SYSTEMS; DEATH
AB The focus on creating tissue engineered constructs of clinically relevant sizes requires new approaches for monitoring construct health during tissue development. A few key requirements are that the technology be in situ, non-invasive, and provide temporal and spatial information. In this work, we demonstrate that optical coherence microscopy (OCM) can be used to assess cell viability without the addition of exogenous probes in three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds maintained under standard culture conditions. This is done by collecting time-lapse images of speckle generated by sub-cellular features. Image cross-correlation is used to calculate the number of features the final image has in common with the initial image. If the cells are live, the number of common features is low. The number of common features approaches 100% if the cells are dead. In control experiments, cell viability is verified by the addition of a two-photon fluorescence channel to the OCM. Green fluorescent protein transfected human bone marrow stromal cells cultured in a transparent poly(ethylene glycol) tetramethacrylate hydrogel scaffold is used as the control system. Then, the utility of this approach is demonstrated by determining L929 fibroblast cell viability in a more challenging matrix, collagen, an optical scatterer. These results demonstrate a new technique for in situ mapping of single cell viability without any exogenous probes that is capable of providing continuous monitoring of construct health. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Dunkers, Joy P.; Lee, Young Jong; Chatterjee, Kaushik] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joy.dunkers@nist.gov
RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008
OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001
FU Biomaterials Group
FX The authors would like to thank Carl Simon from the Biomaterials Group
for his support and advice regarding this work. The authors would also
like to acknowledge John Elliott from the Biochemical Sciences division
for his cell biology advice and recommendations.
NR 34
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U1 3
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 7
BP 2119
EP 2126
DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.058
PG 8
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 895CN
UT WOS:000300473900018
PM 22192538
ER
PT J
AU DeLongchamp, DM
Kline, RJ
Herzing, A
AF DeLongchamp, Dean M.
Kline, R. Joseph
Herzing, Andrew
TI Nanoscale structure measurements for polymer-fullerene photovoltaics
SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; VERTICAL
PHASE-SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT;
MOLECULAR ORDER; INTERFACIAL SEGREGATION; MORPHOLOGY CONTROL;
SELF-ORGANIZATION
AB This review covers methods to measure key aspects of nanoscale structure in organic photovoltaic devices based on polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunctions. The importance of nanoscale structure to the power conversion efficiency and stability of these devices has been recognized, but robust correlations have yet to emerge despite a significant community-wide research investment. Our perspective is that more uniform selection, execution, and interpretation of nanoscale structure measurements will accelerate this endeavor. We will discuss organic bulk heterojunction structural measurements of contemporary interest and importance including vertical stratification, molecular orientation and order, and nanoscale morphology. Specific recommendations are made regarding the technical implementation of some popular techniques, with an eye toward the elimination of artifacts, ambiguous data, and misinterpretation. When possible, topics are highlighted where there is a community consensus on the results of nanoscale structure measurements and how they may relate to organic photovoltaic device performance.
C1 [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Kline, R. Joseph; Herzing, Andrew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012
NR 106
TC 94
Z9 94
U1 2
U2 88
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1754-5692
J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI
JI Energy Environ. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 3
BP 5980
EP 5993
DI 10.1039/c2ee02725a
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical;
Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 898BO
UT WOS:000300710600007
ER
PT J
AU Eguchi, T
Seminoff, JA
LeRoux, RA
Prosperi, D
Dutton, DL
Dutton, PH
AF Eguchi, Tomoharu
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
LeRoux, Robin A.
Prosperi, Dan
Dutton, Donna L.
Dutton, Peter H.
TI MORPHOLOGY AND GROWTH RATES OF THE GREEN SEA TURTLE (CHELONIA MYDAS) IN
A NORTHERN-MOST TEMPERATE FORAGING GROUND
SO HERPETOLOGICA
LA English
DT Article
DE Anthropogenic effects; Endangered species Growth model; Hierarchical
analysis; Power plant; von Bertalanffy
ID WARM-WATER REFUGES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA;
TAG-RECAPTURE DATA; SOMATIC GROWTH; FLORIDA MANATEES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA;
POPULATION; SCRIPTA; MODELS
AB We examined the morpholog and somatic growth rate of Green Sea Turtles living in San Diego Bay, California; one of the northern-most foraging areas for the species in the eastern Pacific. A power plant had discharged heated effluent into the urbanized bay from 1960 to 2010. Straight carapace lengths of 101 Green Sea Turtles were recorded from 31 March 1990 to 15 April 2011 (45.4 to 110.4 cm). Green Sea Turtles in San Diego Bay were morphologically indistinguishable from those foraging in Baja California Sur, Mexico. The median growth rate was 1.03 cm/yr (-1.6 to 11.4 cm/yr) for all turtles and was 4.9 cm/yr for turtles <= 90 cm. These growth rates were one of the fastest for the species in temperate areas and comparable to those reported for tropical regions. The estimated growth parameter of the von Bertalanffy growth function (mean growth coefficient = 0.21, 95% posterior interval = 0.19-0.23) also was greater than for other populations of Green Sea Turtles. Based on behavioral observations and information from other diet studies, we think that the altered environment from the power plant effluent affected the growth of the Green Sea Turtles directly (longer active periods) and via shifts in the environment (changes in prey composition, abundance, and distribution). With the termination of the power plant operation at the end of 2010, the ecosystem is reverting to its natural state, which we expect will result in decreased growth rates of these turtles in the coming years.
C1 [Eguchi, Tomoharu; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; LeRoux, Robin A.; Prosperi, Dan; Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Dutton, Donna L.] Ocean Planet Res Inc, San Diego, CA 92131 USA.
RP Eguchi, T (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM Tomo.Eguchi@noaa.gov
FU San Diego Fish and Wildlife Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service;
Hubbs Sea World Research Institute; San Diego State University; National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries
FX Data collection was supported by E. Bixby, A. Frey, L. Galver, L.
Hansen, L. Hess, S. Johnson, A. Jue, E. LaCasella, G. Lemons, B. Lyon,
V. Pease, S. Roden, and numerous other volunteers over the years. Tom
Liebst of Dynerg, D. Waller and K. Miles of San Diego Gas and Electric,
and E. Maher of the Unified Port of San Diego helped with site access.
Funding and other resources were provided by the. San Diego Fish and
Wildlife Commission, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Hubbs Sea World
Research Institute, San Diego State University, and the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries. Amanda Karch helped with the
literature search and editing of an earlier version of the manuscript.
N. Keller, J. Moore, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful
comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. This research was
conducted under the National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific
Research Permits 988, 1297, and 1591, and California Department of Fish
and Game Permit 0411. Original Win Bugs codes for conducting the
hierarchical analysis on the von Bertalanffy function were kindly shared
by Z. Zhang.
NR 58
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U1 5
U2 37
PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE
PI EMPORIA
PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST,
EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA
SN 0018-0831
J9 HERPETOLOGICA
JI Herpetologica
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 68
IS 1
BP 76
EP 87
PG 12
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 889MM
UT WOS:000300077800008
ER
PT J
AU Shackell, NL
Bundy, A
Nye, JA
Link, JS
AF Shackell, Nancy L.
Bundy, Alida
Nye, Janet A.
Link, Jason S.
TI Common large-scale responses to climate and fishing across Northwest
Atlantic ecosystems
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; body size; climate; fishing;
fishing-induced evolution; marine ecosystem; Northwest Atlantic
ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; REGIME-SHIFTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TROPHIC CASCADES;
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SCOTIAN SHELF; GEORGES-BANK; BODY-SIZE; SEA;
COMMUNITY
AB Investigating whether there were common biological responses to climate and fishing across seven Northwest Atlantic ecosystems, a minimum/maximum autocorrelation factor analysis of biological indicators for each region revealed a common primary multivariate trend of a rapid change during the 1980s and early 1990s. There was a strong common pattern in the biological indicators responsible for the primary multivariate temporal trend in the five more northerly regions: an increase in the abundance of phytoplankton, an increase in biomass at mid-trophic levels, and a decline in predatory groundfish size. The common associations between patterns and drivers were fishing indices and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, but all associations weakened when co-varying drivers were held constant. The results are consistent with known long-term effects of intense fishing, such as a decline in average fish size and changes in species composition. Less fishing pressure has allowed some regions to recover to former predatory biomass levels since the late 1990s, but the bulk of the biomass consists of fewer species. However, fishing was not the only driver, and a more mechanistic understanding of how the climate affects lower trophic levels is needed to contextualize climate effects in heavily fished ecosystems.
C1 [Shackell, Nancy L.; Bundy, Alida] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
[Nye, Janet A.; Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Shackell, NL (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
EM nancy.shackell@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
RI Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015;
OI Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715; Shackell, Nancy/0000-0001-5128-948X
FU Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans under the Maritimes ERI
(Ecosystem Research Initiative); US NOAA NMFS Fisheries
FX We thank J. Hare, M. Fogarty, R. Pettipas, B. Petrie, T. Horsman, and K.
T. Frank for providing data or assisting with data exchanges. J. A.
Fisher and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an
earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for this joint Canadian/US
research was provided by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans
under the Maritimes ERI (Ecosystem Research Initiative) program and by
the US NOAA NMFS Fisheries under the Environment (FATE) program.
NR 47
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U1 3
U2 45
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 151
EP 162
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr195
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 895JA
UT WOS:000300491200002
ER
PT J
AU Hurst, TP
Moss, JH
Miller, JA
AF Hurst, Thomas P.
Moss, Jamal H.
Miller, Jessica A.
TI Distributional patterns of 0-group Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in
the eastern Bering Sea under variable recruitment and thermal conditions
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; density-dependence; distribution; habitat; Pacific cod;
temperature
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; DEPENDENT HABITAT SELECTION; IDEAL FREE
DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
FISH POPULATIONS; SCOTIAN SHELF; MARINE FISHES; LARVAL
AB Despite the importance of Pacific cod in Bering Sea fisheries and foodwebs, little is known about the habitat use and the distribution of early life stages. We analysed 6 years of catch data for 0-group Pacific cod in fishery-independent surveys of the Bering Sea shelf. Juvenile cod were most commonly captured on the middle shelf over depths of 50-80 m and were rarely captured north of 58 degrees N. Consistently high catches were observed east of the Pribilof Islands and north of Port Moller along the Alaska Peninsula. There was evidence of density-dependent habitat selection at the local scale as the frequency of occurrence increased with regional catch per unit effort. At the basin scale, the southerly distribution of the weak 2009 cohort suggested the possibility of a range contraction for small cohorts. There was no consistent shift in the distribution of juvenile Pacific cod in response to interannual climate variability. These results for Pacific cod contrast with those observed for walleye pollock, which appears to exhibit greater variance in distribution, but are similar to patterns observed for juvenile Atlantic cod. Future work should focus on distribution in nearshore habitats and examine the patterns of dispersal and the connectivity of the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska populations.
C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Moss, Jamal H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov
RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013
FU Bering Sea Fishermen's Association; Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable
Salmon Initiative; Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program;
North Pacific Research Board [R0816]
FX We thank the staff of the Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment Program
and the crews of the FV "Sea Storm", FV "Northwest Explorer", and RV
"Oscar Dyson" for assistance with field sampling. Ed Farley and Jim
Murphy assisted with data management. Alex Andrews and Mara Spencer
prepared maps of juvenile cod distribution. Grant Thompson provided
updated estimates of 0-group Pacific cod recruitment in the Bering Sea.
Alec MacCall provided analytical advice. Al Stoner, Ben Laurel, and Alec
MacCall provided valuable comments on this research manuscript. Field
sampling was conducted as part of the BASIS programme and was supported
in part by the Bering Sea Fishermen's Association, The Arctic Yukon
Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, and the Bering Sea Integrated
Ecosystem Research Program. Data analysis was supported in part by a
grant from the North Pacific Research Board (# R0816). This is
publication number 325 of the North Pacific Research Board.
NR 63
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U1 5
U2 30
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 163
EP 174
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss011
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 895JA
UT WOS:000300491200003
ER
PT J
AU Hennen, DR
Jacobson, LD
Tang, JS
AF Hennen, Daniel R.
Jacobson, Larry D.
Tang, Jiashen
TI Accuracy of the Patch model used to estimate density and capture
efficiency in depletion experiments for sessile invertebrates and fish
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE catchability; gear efficiency; invertebrates; Patch model; stock
assessment
AB The Patch model is used to analyse depletion experiment data for sessile invertebrates and fish that do not randomize after sampling. Simulations indicate that density and capture efficiency estimates were useful under realistic conditions for Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) and many other sessile demersal species. Density estimates were generally biased low by position-data errors, whereas efficiency estimates were relatively unbiased. A new "hit" matrix method improved the accuracy of efficiency estimates, reduced the variability for efficiency and density estimates, and simplified assumptions about the movement of organisms after sampling. Depletion tows should be spaced to cover the entire study area and to intersect in areas where densities are not low. Model estimates can be made for individuals fully or partially selected by the sampling gear, and information about size selectivity is useful. Patch-model estimates can be used to calculate swept-area abundance or biomass, estimate catchability coefficients for survey or catch per unit effort data, form prior distributions used in stock assessment models, and estimate efficiency for other types of sampling gear.
C1 [Hennen, Daniel R.; Jacobson, Larry D.; Tang, Jiashen] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Hennen, DR (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM daniel.hennen@noaa.gov
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 240
EP 249
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr212
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 895JA
UT WOS:000300491200011
ER
PT J
AU MacCall, AD
AF MacCall, Alec D.
TI Data-limited management reference points to avoid collapse of stocks
dependent on learned migration behaviour
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE adopted migrant hypothesis; biological reference points; entrainment
hypothesis; episodic fisheries; feeding migration; precautionary
approach to management; spawning migrations; spawning potential ratio;
socially transmitted behaviour
ID ATLANTIC; SARDINE; POPULATIONS; COD
AB Risk of stock collapse associated with the loss of a stock's migrational knowledge may be underestimated by conventional reference points. In this paper, I describe three different approaches: a data-poor precautionary approach is to ensure that individuals spawn at least twice; a data-intermediate approach is to calculate a repeat spawning potential ratio (rSPR), which is analogous to the conventional SPR; and for data-rich cases, age-structured population simulations are recommended.
C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM alec.maccall@noaa.gov
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 11
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 267
EP 270
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss008
PG 4
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 895JA
UT WOS:000300491200014
ER
PT J
AU Hulson, PJF
Hanselman, DH
Quinn, TJ
AF Hulson, Peter-John F.
Hanselman, Dana H.
Quinn, Terrance J., II
TI Determining effective sample size in integrated age-structured
assessment models
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE age-structured assessment; Dirichlet distribution; effective sample size
ID CATCH-AT-AGE; STOCK-ASSESSMENT; MULTIFAN
AB Effective sample size (ESS) is a quantity that allows for overdispersion of variance and is used commonly in integrated age-structured fishery assessment models to fit age-and-length-composition datasets. Owing to the sources of measurement, observation, process, and model-specification errors, the ESS is smaller than the actual sample size. In this study, methods to set a priori or to estimate the ESS when confronted with datasets that include these sources of error were investigated. In general, a number of methods previously proposed to incorporate the ESS resulted in accurate estimation of population quantities and parameters when different sources of error were included in the data on age and length compositions. Three objective methods to incorporate the ESS resulted in unbiased population quantities: (i) using sampling theory to derive the ESS from actual age and length compositions, (ii) iteratively estimating the ESS with the age-structured assessment model, and (iii) estimating the ESS as a parameter with the Dirichlet distribution.
C1 [Hulson, Peter-John F.; Quinn, Terrance J., II] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Hulson, Peter-John F.; Hanselman, Dana H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Hulson, PJF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM phulson@alaska.edu
FU Alaska Sea Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office
of Sea; Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170013, R/31-16]; University of
Alaska; Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research/Alaska Fisheries
Science Center (CIFAR/AFSC)
FX This publication is the result of research sponsored by Alaska Sea Grant
with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under grant NA06OAR4170013
(project number R/31-16) and from the University of Alaska with funds
appropriated by the state and the Cooperative Institute for Arctic
Research/Alaska Fisheries Science Center (CIFAR/AFSC) Fellowship
Program. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National
Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. We thank Milo Adkison, Brenda Norcross,
and Gary Marty for helpful comments and advice, and Doug Butterworth and
an anonymous reviewer for their insightful reviews of an earlier version
of this manuscript.
NR 29
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 6
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 281
EP 292
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr189
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 895JA
UT WOS:000300491200016
ER
PT J
AU Hu, L
Rollett, AD
Iadicola, M
Foecke, T
Banovic, S
AF Hu, L.
Rollett, A. D.
Iadicola, M.
Foecke, T.
Banovic, S.
TI Constitutive Relations for AA 5754 Based on Crystal Plasticity
SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DEFORMATION POLYCRYSTAL VISCOPLASTICITY; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION;
SELF-CONSISTENT; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; ALUMINUM; PREDICTION; ANISOTROPY;
EVOLUTION; STRAIN; SIMULATION
AB Constitutive equations for the multiaxial stress-strain behavior of aluminum alloy 5754 sheets were developed, based on crystal plasticity. A Taylor-based polycrystal plasticity model, a tangent formulation of the self-consistent viscoplastic model (VPSC), and an N-site viscoplastic model based on the fast Fourier transform (VPFFT) were used to fit a single slip system hardening law to the available data for tension, plane strain, and biaxial stretching. The fitting procedure yields good agreement with the monotonic stress-strain data, with similar parameter values for each model. When simulating multiaxial tests using the developed hardening law, models that allow both stress and strain variations in grains give better predictions of the stress-strain curves. Furthermore, generally, the simulated texture evolution is too rapid when compared to the experiments. By incorporating a more detailed neighbor interaction effect, the VPFFT model predicts texture evolution in better agreement with experiments.
C1 [Hu, L.; Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Iadicola, M.; Foecke, T.; Banovic, S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Met Forming, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hu, L (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM linhu@andrew.cmu.edu
RI Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012
OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191
FU Carnegie Mellon University by the National Institute of Standards
Technology [70NANB8H8038]; MRSEC, CMU, under NSF [DMR-0520425]
FX This work was supported at Carnegie Mellon University by the National
Institute of Standards & Technology under Award No. 70NANB8H8038. Use of
facilities provided by the Higher Education Program, Intel Corporation,
and by the MRSEC, CMU, under NSF Grant No. DMR-0520425 is also
gratefully acknowledged. Use of the VPFFT code from Ricardo Lebensohn,
Los Alamos National Laboratory, is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 26
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1073-5623
J9 METALL MATER TRANS A
JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 43A
IS 3
BP 854
EP 869
DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0927-1
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 891CG
UT WOS:000300193300008
ER
PT J
AU Sun, LL
Chen, XJ
Guo, J
Gao, PW
Huang, QZ
Wang, HD
Fang, MH
Chen, XL
Chen, GF
Wu, Q
Zhang, C
Gu, DC
Dong, XL
Wang, L
Yang, K
Li, AG
Dai, X
Mao, HK
Zhao, ZX
AF Sun, Liling
Chen, Xiao-Jia
Guo, Jing
Gao, Peiwen
Huang, Qing-Zhen
Wang, Hangdong
Fang, Minghu
Chen, Xiaolong
Chen, Genfu
Wu, Qi
Zhang, Chao
Gu, Dachun
Dong, Xiaoli
Wang, Lin
Yang, Ke
Li, Aiguo
Dai, Xi
Mao, Ho-kwang
Zhao, Zhongxian
TI Re-emerging superconductivity at 48 kelvin in iron chalcogenides
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID 43 K; PRESSURE; COMPOUND
AB Pressure has an essential role in the production(1) and control(2,3) of superconductivity in iron-based superconductors. Substitution of a large cation by a smaller rare-earth ion to simulate the pressure effect has raised the superconducting transition temperature T-c to a record high of 55 K in these materials(4,5). In the same way as T-c exhibits a bell-shaped curve of dependence on chemical doping, pressure-tuned T-c typically drops monotonically after passing the optimal pressure(1-3). Here we report that in the superconducting iron chalcogenides, a second superconducting phase suddenly re-emerges above 11.5 GPa, after the T-c drops from the first maximum of 32 K at 1 GPa. The T-c of the re-emerging superconducting phase is considerably higher than the first maximum, reaching 48.0-48.7 K for Tl0.6Rb0.4Fe1.67Se2, K0.8Fe1.7Se2 and K0.8Fe1.78Se2.
C1 [Sun, Liling; Guo, Jing; Gao, Peiwen; Chen, Xiaolong; Chen, Genfu; Wu, Qi; Zhang, Chao; Gu, Dachun; Dong, Xiaoli; Dai, Xi; Zhao, Zhongxian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Sun, Liling; Guo, Jing; Gao, Peiwen; Chen, Xiaolong; Chen, Genfu; Wu, Qi; Zhang, Chao; Gu, Dachun; Dong, Xiaoli; Dai, Xi; Zhao, Zhongxian] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Chen, Xiao-Jia; Mao, Ho-kwang] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
[Chen, Xiao-Jia] S China Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Huang, Qing-Zhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wang, Hangdong; Fang, Minghu] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Lin] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, HPSynC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Yang, Ke; Li, Aiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Shanghai 201204, Peoples R China.
RP Zhao, ZX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM hmao@gl.ciw.edu; zhxzhao@iphy.ac.cn
RI WANG, LIN/G-7884-2012; Dai, Xi/C-4236-2008
OI Dai, Xi/0000-0003-0538-1829
FU NSCF; 973 projects; Chinese Academy of Sciences; EFree, an Energy
Frontier Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES); CIW; CDAC; UNLV; LLNL through
DOE-NNSA; NSF
FX We thank I. I. Mazin, W. Bao, and T. Xiang for discussions and J. S.
Schilling for the help with the alternating-current susceptibility
technique. This work in China was supported by the NSCF, 973 projects,
and Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work in the USA was supported as
part of the EFree, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
(DOE-BES). The High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) is
supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV and LLNL through funding from the DOE-NNSA,
the DOE-BES and the NSF. The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is supported
by the DOE-BES.
NR 21
TC 139
Z9 142
U1 20
U2 194
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 483
IS 7387
BP 67
EP 69
DI 10.1038/nature10813
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 900HP
UT WOS:000300877900045
PM 22367543
ER
PT J
AU Xie, YF
MacDonald, AE
AF Xie, Yuanfu
MacDonald, Alexander E.
TI Selection of Momentum Variables for a Three-Dimensional Variational
Analysis
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Control variables; variational data assimilation; error covariance;
background; observations; streamfunction and velocity potential;
vorticity and divergence; Bayesian theorem; long wave and short wave
ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL
ASPECTS; SERIES EXPANSION; LIMITED AREA; COVARIANCES; RECONSTRUCTION
AB Three choices of control variables for meteorological variational analysis (3DVAR or 4DVAR) are associated with horizontal wind: (1) streamfunction and velocity potential, (2) eastward and northward velocity, and (3) vorticity and divergence. This study shows theoretical and numerical differences of these variables in practical 3DVAR data assimilation through statistical analysis and numerical experiments. This paper demonstrates that (a) streamfunction and velocity potential could potentially introduce analysis errors; (b) A 3DVAR using velocity or vorticity and divergence provides a natural scale dependent influence radius in addition to the covariance; (c) for a regional analysis, streamfunction and velocity potential are retrieved from the background velocity field with Neumann boundary condition. Improper boundary conditions could result in further analysis errors; (d) a variational data assimilation or an inverse problem using derivatives as control variables yields smoother analyses, for example, a 3DVAR using vorticity and divergence as controls yields smoother wind analyses than those analyses obtained by a 3DVAR using either velocity or streamfunction/velocity potential as control variables; and (e) statistical errors of higher order derivatives of variables are more independent, e.g., the statistical correlation between U and V is smaller than the one between streamfunction and velocity potential, and thus the variables in higher derivatives are more appropriate for a variational system when a cross-correlation between variables is neglected for efficiency or other reasons. In summary, eastward and northward velocity, or vorticity and divergence are preferable control variables for variational systems and the former is more attractive because of its numerical efficiency. Numerical experiments are presented using analytic functions and real atmospheric observations.
C1 [Xie, Yuanfu; MacDonald, Alexander E.] NOAA OAR ESRL GSD, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Xie, YF (reprint author), NOAA OAR ESRL GSD, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Yuanfu.Xie@noaa.gov
RI Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 169
IS 3
SI SI
BP 335
EP 351
DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0374-3
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 897OP
UT WOS:000300661900004
ER
PT J
AU Schmehl, KJ
Haupt, SE
Pavolonis, MJ
AF Schmehl, Kerrie J.
Haupt, Sue Ellen
Pavolonis, Michael J.
TI A Genetic Algorithm Variational Approach to Data Assimilation and
Application to Volcanic Emissions
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE GA-Var; data assimilation; source term estimation; genetic algorithm;
volcanic eruption
ID DISPERSION; MODEL; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; ASH; VALIDATION
AB Variational data assimilation methods optimize the match between an observed and a predicted field. These methods normally require information on error variances of both the analysis and the observations, which are sometimes difficult to obtain for transport and dispersion problems. Here, the variational problem is set up as a minimization problem that directly minimizes the root mean squared error of the difference between the observations and the prediction. In the context of atmospheric transport and dispersion, the solution of this optimization problem requires a robust technique. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used here for that solution, forming the GA-Variational (GA-Var) technique. The philosophy and formulation of the technique is described here. An advantage of the technique includes that it does not require observation or analysis error covariances nor information about any variables that are not directly assimilated. It can be employed in the context of either a forward assimilation problem or used to retrieve unknown source or meteorological information by solving the inverse problem. The details of the method are reviewed. As an example application, GA-Var is demonstrated for predicting the plume from a volcanic eruption. First the technique is employed to retrieve the unknown emission rate and the steering winds of the volcanic plume. Then that information is assimilated into a forward prediction of its transport and dispersion. Concentration data are derived from satellite data to determine the observed ash concentrations. A case study is made of the March 2009 eruption of Mount Redoubt in Alaska. The GA-Var technique is able to determine a wind speed and direction that matches the observations well and a reasonable emission rate.
C1 [Schmehl, Kerrie J.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA.
[Haupt, Sue Ellen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Pavolonis, Michael J.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Schmehl, KJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16804 USA.
EM haupts2@asme.org
RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010
OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X
NR 64
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 7
PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 169
IS 3
SI SI
BP 519
EP 537
DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0385-0
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 897OP
UT WOS:000300661900015
ER
PT J
AU Carter, WE
Carter, MS
AF Carter, William E.
Carter, Merri Sue
TI The British Longitude Act Reconsidered
SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Carter, William E.] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA.
[Carter, William E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geosci Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Carter, WE (reprint author), 5154 Medoras Abe, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA.
EM carter4451@bellsouth.net
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA
SN 0003-0996
J9 AM SCI
JI Am. Scientist
PD MAR-APR
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 2
BP 102
EP 105
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 893CV
UT WOS:000300334100011
ER
PT J
AU Volk, C
Kiffney, P
AF Volk, Carol
Kiffney, Peter
TI Comparison of fatty acids and elemental nutrients in periphyton,
invertebrates, and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in conifer and
alder streams of western Washington state
SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fatty acids; Trophic levels; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Alder; Nutrients
ID RED ALDER; TROPHIC RELATIONS; LEAF-LITTER; FOOD WEBS; FISH; TERRESTRIAL;
ECOSYSTEMS; WATERSHEDS; LIMITATION; NITROGEN
AB Organism growth and reproduction are often limited by nutrient availability in freshwater ecosystems where, in some cases, food webs are primarily supported by allochthonous organic matter. Therefore, we hypothesized that the composition of riparian vegetation would influence the variability of N, P, and fatty acid content of in-stream consumers. Specifically, we predicted that organisms living in alder streams would have higher levels of N, P, and polyunsaturated fatty acids than organisms in coniferous streams. To determine this, we sampled fresh and aged leaf litter, periphyton, invertebrates, and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) from 6 streams in western Washington state: 3 streams had high densities of nitrogen-fixing red alder (Alnus rubra) in the riparian zone, whereas 3 had high densities of conifers. We found fresh alder litter had twice the total polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations of hemlock vegetation while there were few statistical differences among aged alder and aged hemlock vegetation. Multidimensional plots showed fatty acid profiles were unique to vegetation and fish while periphyton and invertebrates shared the same multidimensional space. We used a mixed model to determine the relative importance of vegetation type (fixed factor: conifer or alder), trophic levels (fixed factor: periphyton, primary consumer, or fish), and streams (random factor) on individual fatty acid concentrations. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids, 16:0, 20:1, 20:3n6 and total n3 were the only fatty acids influenced by stream vegetation (vegetation + stream model or full model). 67% of the fatty acids were best supported by the trophic + stream model. Nitrogen, P, Ca, Fe, C:N, N:P, and C:N:P were all best supported by the trophic level + stream model, and Zn was the only nutrient supported best by the full model. Correlations of n3 and n6 fatty acid concentrations between periphyton and primary consumers, and primary consumers with trout indicated several fatty acid metrics, such as n3:n6, showed food resources may affect relative fatty acid abundances of consumers. Although vegetation type did not influence relative fatty acids of stream organisms, the importance of trophic level likely indicates organisms have different physical requirements for fatty acids. The significance of a random factor, 'stream,' suggests that the relative abundances of fatty acids in periphyton, invertebrates, and trout are stream-specific and are responding to local environmental or communal variables.
C1 [Volk, Carol] S Fork Res Inc, N Bend, WA 98045 USA.
[Kiffney, Peter] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA Fisheries, Fish Ecol Div, Mukilteo Biol Field Stn,NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
[Kiffney, Peter] Hedmark Univ Coll, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, N-2409 Elverum, Norway.
RP Volk, C (reprint author), S Fork Res Inc, 44842 SE 145th St, N Bend, WA 98045 USA.
EM carol@southforkresearch.org; Peter.kiffney@noaa.gov
RI Volk, Carol/I-2824-2012
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Northwest Fisheries
Science Center); U.S. Forest Service
FX Significant assistance was provided by Anne Liston and the University of
California Limnology Laboratory, Michael Brett (University of
Washington), and Brice Semmens (Scripps Institute of Oceanography,
University of California). Funding was provided by the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) and
the U.S. Forest Service.
NR 38
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 40
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1386-2588
J9 AQUAT ECOL
JI Aquat. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 46
IS 1
BP 85
EP 99
DI 10.1007/s10452-011-9383-7
PG 15
WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 886GS
UT WOS:000299842700007
ER
PT J
AU Daniel, JS
Solomon, S
Sanford, TJ
McFarland, M
Fuglestvedt, JS
Friedlingstein, P
AF Daniel, John S.
Solomon, Susan
Sanford, Todd J.
McFarland, Mack
Fuglestvedt, Jan S.
Friedlingstein, Pierre
TI Limitations of single-basket trading: lessons from the Montreal Protocol
for climate policy
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIALS; GREENHOUSE-GAS
EMISSIONS; TERM; STABILIZATION; SCENARIOS
AB Numerous policy options exist to reduce future greenhouse gas emissions. A single-basket approach, which controls aggregate emissions, was adopted by the Kyoto Protocol. Such an approach allows emissions reductions of one gas to be traded with those of other gases in the "basket", with the trade "price" determined by some weighting metric like the Global Warming Potential. To reduce stratospheric ozone depletion, the Montreal Protocol also dealt with controlling many compounds, but did so employing an alternative, multi-basket scheme. Trading was allowed within each basket, but not among baskets. While the Montreal Protocol has been highly successful using this approach, we show that if a single-basket approach had been adopted the short-term success could have been at risk due to the non-unique relationship between controls and environmental impacts when using a single basket. Using climate policy as an example, and without considering technological and economic constraints, we further show that the magnitude of the ambiguities in impacts associated with a single-basket approach depends on the rapidity of the emission phaseout. Fast phaseouts lead to less ambiguity than do slow ones. These results suggest that for each set of greenhouse gas control policies considered, the benefit of additional flexibility associated with a single-basket approach should be weighed against the associated increased uncertainties in the impacts to ascertain whether a single- or a multi-basket approach has the greater chance of successfully mitigating climate change.
C1 [Daniel, John S.; Solomon, Susan; Sanford, Todd J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[McFarland, Mack] DuPont Chem & Fluoroprod, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA.
[Fuglestvedt, Jan S.] CICERO, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.
[Friedlingstein, Pierre] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
[Sanford, Todd J.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Daniel, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM john.s.daniel@noaa.gov; tsanford@ucsusa.org;
mack.mcfarland@usa.dupont.com; j.s.fuglestvedt@cicero.uio.no;
pierre.friedlingstein@exeter.ac.uk
RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Manager,
CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Norwegian Research
Council
FX We thank G.-K. Plattner for providing the Bern carbon cycle model to us
and for participating in many helpful discussions regarding its use. JSD
and SS acknowledge funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. JSF's
contribution was funded by the Norwegian Research Council within the
project "Climate and health impacts of Short-Lived Atmospheric
Components (SLAC)".
NR 22
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 111
IS 2
BP 241
EP 248
DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0136-3
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 892VU
UT WOS:000300314500005
ER
PT J
AU Caballero, S
Cardenosa, D
Soler, G
Hyde, J
AF Caballero, S.
Cardenosa, D.
Soler, G.
Hyde, J.
TI Application of multiplex PCR approaches for shark molecular
identification: feasibility and applications for fisheries management
and conservation in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE cytochrome oxidase I; molecular identification; multiplex PCR; Pacific
Coast of Colombia; sharks
ID GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; TRADE; MARKET; FINS
AB Here we describe the application of new and existing multiplex PCR methodologies for shark species molecular identification. Four multiplex systems (group ID, thresher sharks, hammerhead sharks and miscellaneous shark) were employed with primers previously described and some designed in this study, which allow for species identification after running PCR products through an agarose gel. This system was implemented for samples (bodies and fins) collected from unidentified sharks landed in the port of Buenaventura and from confiscated tissues obtained from illegal fishing around the Malpelo Island Marine Protected Area, Pacific Coast of Colombia. This method has allowed reliable identification, to date, of 407 samples to the genus and/or species levels, most of them (380) identified as the pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus). Another seven samples were identified as scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini). This is an easy-to-implement and reliable identification method that could even be used locally to monitor shark captures in the main fishing ports of developed and developing countries.
C1 [Caballero, S.; Cardenosa, D.] Univ Los Andes, LEMVA, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, Colombia.
[Soler, G.] Fdn Malpelo & Otros Ecosistemas Marinos, Bogota, Colombia.
[Hyde, J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Caballero, S (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, LEMVA, Dept Ciencias Biol, Carrera 1 18A-10, Bogota, Colombia.
EM sj.caballero26@uniandes.edu.co
OI Cardenosa, Diego/0000-0001-9535-997X
FU NOAA; Fundacion Malpelo; Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
(Proyecto de Profesor Asistente, Facultad de Ciencias)
FX We would like to thank T. Capson and J. Martinez for their invitation to
the 'III Taller Interregional para la Ordenacion y Conservacion de
Tiburones en el Oceano Pacifico Oriental', from 6 to 9 July, 2010 in
Manta, Ecuador. This research collaboration was started as a result from
this meeting. We would also like to thank D. Prada for analyses of the
genus Alopias and the SENA (Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje) interns
for collecting samples in the Port of Buenaventura, as part of an
ongoing monitoring programme by Fundacion Malpelo, Colombia. We would
like to thank S. Bessudo for her support in starting this project.
Financial support for this project was provided by NOAA, Fundacion
Malpelo and Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (Proyecto de
Profesor Asistente, Facultad de Ciencias).
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 32
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 2
BP 233
EP 237
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03089.x
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 887MA
UT WOS:000299930300005
PM 22067369
ER
PT J
AU Linteris, GT
Burgess, DR
Takahashi, F
Katta, VR
Chelliah, HK
Meier, O
AF Linteris, Gregory T.
Burgess, Donald R.
Takahashi, Fumiaki
Katta, Viswanath R.
Chelliah, Harsha K.
Meier, Oliver
TI Stirred reactor calculations to understand unwanted combustion
enhancement by potential halon replacements
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Fire suppression; Flame inhibition; CF3Br; C2HF5; Halon replacements;
Cargo-bay fire suppression
ID LAMINAR BURNING VELOCITIES; CUP-BURNER; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS;
HYDROGEN OXIDATION; KINETIC-MODEL; H-ATOMS; ETHANOL; FLAMES;
SUPPRESSION; INHIBITION
AB Several agents are under consideration to replace CF3Br for use in suppressing fires in aircraft cargo bays. In a Federal Aviation Administration performance test simulating the explosion of an aerosol can, however, the replacements, when added at sub-inerting concentrations, have all been found to create higher pressure rise than with no agent, hence failing the test. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations as well as perfectly-stirred reactor simulations with detailed reaction kinetics, are performed to understand the reasons for the unexpected enhanced combustion rather than suppression. The high pressure rise with added C2HF5 or C3H2F3Br is shown to be dependent upon the amount of added agent, and can only occur if a large fraction of the available oxidizer in the chamber is consumed, corresponding to stoichiometric proportions of fuel, oxygen, and agent. Conversely, due to the unique stoichiometry of CF3Br, this agent is predicted to cause no increase in pressure, even in the absence of chemical inhibition. The stirred-reactor simulations predict that the inhibition effectiveness of CF3Br is highly dependent upon the mixing conditions of the reactants (which affects the local stoichiometry and hence the overall reaction rate). For C2HF5, however, the overall reaction rate was only weakly dependent upon stoichiometry, so the fuel-oxidizer mixing state has less effect on the suppression effectiveness. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
C1 [Linteris, Gregory T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Burgess, Donald R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Takahashi, Fumiaki] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA.
[Chelliah, Harsha K.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Meier, Oliver] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA.
RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM linteris@nist.gov
FU Boeing Company
FX The authors thank Wing Tsang of NIST, and John Reinhardt at the FAA
Technical Center for essential input to the work. Ken Smith and Med
Colket at the United Technologies Research Center performed ab initio
calculations for C3H2F3Br and
graciously provided the thermodynamic data for the
C3H2F3Br molecule, allowing us to
perform the thermodynamic calculations. Mike Zehe at NASA Glenn Research
Center assisted with implementing the
C3H2F3Br data in to the NASA CEA
program. Brad Williams at NRL kindly provided his changes to the NIST
HFC mechanism. The work was supported by The Boeing Company.
NR 67
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 3
BP 1016
EP 1025
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.09.011
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 886LH
UT WOS:000299855400010
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, Y
Chai, H
Lee, JJW
Lawn, BR
AF Zhang, Y.
Chai, H.
Lee, J. J. -W.
Lawn, B. R.
TI Chipping Resistance of Graded Zirconia Ceramics for Dental Crowns
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE edge chipping; dental crowns; graded ceramics; zirconia; indentation;
fracture toughness
ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; FRAMEWORKS; GRADIENTS;
FAILURE; FATIGUE; DAMAGE
AB A serious drawback of veneering porcelains is a pronounced susceptibility to chipping. Glass-infiltrated dense zirconia structures can now be produced with esthetic quality, making them an attractive alternative. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that such infiltrated structures are much more chip-resistant than conventional porcelains, and at least as chip-resistant as non-infiltrated zirconia. A sharp indenter was used to produce chips in flat and anatomically correct glass-infiltrated zirconia crown materials, and critical loads were measured as a function of distance from the specimen edge (flat) or side wall (crown). Control data were obtained on zirconia specimens without infiltration and on crowns veneered with porcelains. The results confirmed that the resistance to chipping in graded zirconia is more than 4 times higher than that of porcelain-veneered zirconia and is at least as high as that of non-veneered zirconia.
C1 [Zhang, Y.] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA.
[Chai, H.] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Lee, J. J. -W.; Lawn, B. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 345 E 24th St,Room 813C, New York, NY 10010 USA.
EM yz21@nyu.edu
FU United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
[R01 DE017925]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0758530]; Israeli
Science Foundation [ISF-0605414391]; NIST via Dakota Consulting Inc.
FX Funding was provided by the United States National Institute of Dental
and Craniofacial Research (Grant R01 DE017925), the National Science
Foundation (Grant CMMI-0758530), the Israeli Science Foundation (Grant
ISF-0605414391), and NIST (via Dakota Consulting Inc.). No conflicts of
interest were reported for this article. Information of product names
and suppliers in this paper is not intended to imply endorsement by
NIST.
NR 25
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 4
U2 16
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 91
IS 3
BP 311
EP 315
DI 10.1177/0022034511434356
PG 5
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 888HF
UT WOS:000299993800015
PM 22232142
ER
PT J
AU Beier, CM
Signell, SA
Luttman, A
DeGaetano, AT
AF Beier, Colin M.
Signell, Stephen A.
Luttman, Aaron
DeGaetano, Arthur T.
TI High-resolution climate change mapping with gridded historical climate
products
SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Temperature trends; Climate maps; Parameter Regression Independent
Slopes Model (PRISM); North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR);
Downscaling; Climate adaptation
ID UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; INTERPOLATION;
VARIABLES; SURFACES; TERRAIN; MAXIMUM; TRENDS
AB The detection of climate-driven changes in coupled human-natural systems has become a focus of climate research and adaptation efforts around the world. High-resolution gridded historical climate (GHC) products enable analysis of recent climatic changes at the local/regional scales most relevant for research and decision-making, but these fine-scale climate datasets have several caveats. We analyzed two 4 km GHC products to produce high-resolution temperature trend maps for the US Northeast from 1980 to 2009, and compared outputs between products and with an independent climate record. The two products had similar spatial climatologies for mean temperatures, agreed on temporal variability in regionally averaged trends, and agreed that warming has been greater for minimum versus maximum temperatures. Trend maps were highly heterogeneous, i.e., a patchy landscape of warming, cooling and stability that varied by month, but with local-scale anomalies persistent across months (e.g., cooling 'pockets' within warming zones). In comparing trend maps between GHC products, we found large local-scale disparities at high elevations and along coastlines; and where weather stations were sparse, a single-station disparity in input data resulted in a large zone of trend map disagreement between products. Preliminary cross-validation with an independent climate record indicated substantial and complex errors for both products. Our analysis provided novel landscape-scale insights on climate change in the US Northeast, but raised questions about scale and sources of uncertainty in high-resolution GHC products and differences among the many products available. Given rapid growth in their use, we recommend exercising caution in the analysis and interpretation of high-resolution climate maps.
C1 [Beier, Colin M.] SUNY Syracuse, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Adirondack Ecol Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
[Signell, Stephen A.] SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Adirondack Ecol Ctr, Newcomb, NY USA.
[Luttman, Aaron] Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY USA.
[DeGaetano, Arthur T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, NOAA, NE Reg Climate Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA.
RP Beier, CM (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Adirondack Ecol Ctr, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
EM cbeier@esf.edu
FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration [NNX09AK16G]; USDA-CSREES
FX We thank the PRISM group for providing free access to their 4 km
products and the University Consortium of Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
for providing the Integrated Data Viewer (IDV). We also thank D. Bishop,
R. Signell, B. Belcher and J. Wiley for assistance with data compilation
and analysis. This research was supported by the National Aeronautic and
Space Administration Biodiversity Program (#NNX09AK16G) and the
USDA-CSREES McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program.
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 24
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-2973
EI 1572-9761
J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL
JI Landsc. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 327
EP 342
DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9698-8
PG 16
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 889QE
UT WOS:000300087500002
ER
PT J
AU Wong-Ng, W
Huang, Q
Levin, I
Woicik, JC
Shi, X
Yang, JH
Kaduk, JA
AF Wong-Ng, W.
Huang, Q.
Levin, I.
Woicik, J. C.
Shi, X.
Yang, Jihui
Kaduk, J. A.
TI Crystal structure and powder diffraction reference pattern of type I
clathrate Ba8Ni4Ge42
SO POWDER DIFFRACTION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ICDD PDF-4 Workshop
CY JUN 25-30, 2011
CL Bangalore, INDIA
DE type I clathrate; Ba8Ni4Ge42; crystal structure; neutron diffraction;
TEM; synchrotron EXAFS
ID THERMOELECTRIC TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; GERMANIUM; ELEMENTS;
SILICON; MERIT
AB The crystal structure of type I clathrate Ba8Ni4Ge42 has been determined using neutron powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy ( TEM, for possible superlattice), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Ba8Ni4Ge42 is cubic with the space group Pm (3) over barn and unit-cell parameter a = 10.6769(2) angstrom (D-x = 5.988 g cm(-3)). The structure combines two different types of polyhedra: the dodecahedron (Ge-20, 20-atom cage with 12 pentagonal faces) and the tetrakaidecahedron (Ge-24, 24-atom cage with 12 pentagonal and 2 hexagonal faces). Each unit cell contains two Ge-20 dodecahedra and six Ge-24 tetrakaidecahedra. The Ge-20 dodecahedra are linked via the interstitial 6c positions. The framework structure is formed by a tetrahedrally bounded network of Ge atoms, whereas Ba atoms reside inside the Ge-20 and Ge-24 cavities at the 2a and 6d crystallographic positions, respectively. Ni atoms exclusively occupy the 6c positions located on the hexagonal faces of the larger tetrakaidecahedra; no Ni atoms are found in the smaller dodecahedra that consist of pentagonal faces. A local structure study using EXAFS supports the coexistence of Ge and Ni on the 6c site. Electron diffraction in TEM reveals no detectable Ge/Ni ordering. (C) 2012 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [doi: 10.1017/S0885715612000024]
C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Huang, Q.; Levin, I.; Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Shi, X.; Yang, Jihui] Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA.
[Kaduk, J. A.] Poly Crystallog Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672];
U.S. Department of Energy
FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work
utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation
under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. Drs. X. Shi and Y. Yang acknowledge the
partial support from the U.S. Department of Energy. Dr. G. Liu is
thanked for his graphical assistance.
NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 18
PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA
PI NEWTOWN SQ
PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA
SN 0885-7156
EI 1945-7413
J9 POWDER DIFFR
JI Powder Diffr.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 1
BP 25
EP 31
DI 10.1017/S0885715612000024
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 086OJ
UT WOS:000314694400006
ER
PT J
AU Wong-Ng, W
AF Wong-Ng, Winnie
TI The Materials Science & Technology 2011 Conference & Exhibition
SO POWDER DIFFRACTION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA
PI NEWTOWN SQ
PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA
SN 0885-7156
J9 POWDER DIFFR
JI Powder Diffr.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 1
BP 50
EP 51
DI 10.1017/S088571561200019X
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 086OJ
UT WOS:000314694400012
ER
PT J
AU Torres, JM
Stafford, CM
Uhrig, D
Vogt, BD
AF Torres, Jessica M.
Stafford, Christopher M.
Uhrig, David
Vogt, Bryan D.
TI Impact of chain architecture (branching) on the thermal and mechanical
behavior of polystyrene thin films
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE glass transition; modulus; polystyrene; star polymers; thin films
ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS;
ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS; POLY(METHYL
METHACRYLATE); MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; SURFACE-TENSION;
CONFINEMENT; DEPENDENCE
AB The modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of ultrathin films of polystyrene (PS) with different branching architectures are examined via surface wrinkling and the discontinuity in the thermal expansion as determined from spectroscopic ellipsometry, respectively. Branching of the PS is systematically varied using multifunctional monomers to create comb, centipede, and star architectures with similar molecular masses. The bulk-like (thick film) Tg for these polymers is 103 +/- 2 degrees C and independent of branching and all films thinner than 40 nm exhibit reductions in Tg. There are subtle differences between the architectures with reductions in Tg for linear (25 degrees C), centipede (40 degrees C), comb (9 degrees C), and 4 armed star (9 degrees C) PS for 5 nm films. Interestingly, the room temperature modulus of the thick films is dependent upon the chain architecture with the star and comb polymers being the most compliant (approximate to 2 GPa) whereas the centipede PS is most rigid (approximate to 4 GPa). The comb PS exhibits no thickness dependence in moduli, whereas all other PS architectures examined show a decrease in modulus as the film thickness is decreased below similar to 40 nm. We hypothesize that the chain conformation leads to the apparent susceptibility of the polymer to reductions in moduli in thin films. These results provide insight into potential origins for thickness dependent properties of polymer thin films. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
C1 [Vogt, Bryan D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[Torres, Jessica M.] Arizona State Univ, Chem Engn Program, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA.
[Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Uhrig, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
EM vogt@uakron.edu
RI Uhrig, David/A-7458-2016
OI Uhrig, David/0000-0001-8447-6708
FU National Science Foundation [0653989-CMMI]; Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [CNMS2010-021]
FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation
under grant #0653989-CMMI. The authors acknowledge the use of facilities
within the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State
University. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for
Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy, reviewed under proposal CNMS2010-021. This manuscript is an
official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States.
NR 68
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 40
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 5
BP 370
EP 377
DI 10.1002/polb.23014
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 879MO
UT WOS:000299334000007
ER
PT J
AU Hyland, LL
Taraban, MB
Feng, Y
Hammouda, B
Yu, YB
AF Hyland, Laura L.
Taraban, Marc B.
Feng, Yue
Hammouda, Boualem
Yu, Y. Bruce
TI Viscoelastic properties and nanoscale structures of composite
oligopeptide-polysaccharide hydrogels
SO BIOPOLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
DE oligopeptide; polysaccharide; hydrogel; rheology; mechanical strength;
small-angle neutron scattering (SANS); cross-section analysis; mesh size
ID PEPTIDE HYDROGELS; NETWORKS
AB Biocompatible and biodegradable peptide hydrogels are drawing increasing attention as prospective materials for human soft tissue repair and replacement. To improve the rather unfavorable mechanical properties of our pure peptide hydrogels, in this work we examined the possibility of creating a double hydrogel network. This network was created by means of the coassembly of mutually attractive, but self-repulsive oligopeptides within an already-existing fibrous network formed by the charged, biocompatible polysaccharides chitosan, alginate, and chondroitin. Using dynamic oscillatory rheology experiments, it was found that the coassembly of the peptides within the existing polysaccharide network resulted in a less stiff material as compared to the pure peptide networks (the elastic modulus G' decreased from 90 to 10 kPa). However, these composite oligopeptide-polysaccharide hydrogels were characterized by a greater resistance to deformation (the yield strain ? grew from 4 to 100%). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to study the 2D cross-sectional shapes of the fibers, their dimensional characteristics, and the mesh sizes of the fibrous networks. Differences in material structures found with SANS experiments confirmed rheology data, showing that incorporation of the peptides dramatically changed the morphology of the polysaccharide network. The resulting fibers were structurally very similar to those forming the pure peptide networks, but formed less stiff gels because of their markedly greater mesh sizes. Together, these findings suggest an approach for the development of highly deformation-resistant biomaterials. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 177188, 2012.
C1 [Hyland, Laura L.; Taraban, Marc B.; Yu, Y. Bruce] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Feng, Yue; Yu, Y. Bruce] Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yu, YB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM byu@rx.umaryland.edu
RI Feng, Yue/H-1578-2012
FU Maryland Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO); NIH [EB004416];
National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
FX Contract grant sponsor: Maryland Technology Development Corporation
(TEDCO); Contract grant sponsors: NIH; Contract grant number: EB004416;
Contract grant sponsors: National Science Foundation; Contract grant
number: DMR-0944772
NR 31
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 57
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0006-3525
J9 BIOPOLYMERS
JI Biopolymers
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 97
IS 3
BP 177
EP 188
DI 10.1002/bip.21722
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 867UN
UT WOS:000298480400004
PM 21994046
ER
PT J
AU Srinivasan, V
Shakarji, CM
Morse, EP
AF Srinivasan, Vijay
Shakarji, Craig M.
Morse, Edward P.
TI On the Enduring Appeal of Least-Squares Fitting in Computational
Coordinate Metrology
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE coordinate metrology; least-squares fitting; standardization;
optimization; manufacturing; sampling
ID ALGORITHM
AB The vast majority of points collected with coordinate measuring machines are not used in isolation; rather, collections of these points are associated with geometric features through fitting routines. In manufacturing applications, there are two fundamental questions that persist about the efficacy of this fitting-first, do the points collected adequately represent the surface under inspection; and second, does the association of substitute (fitted) geometry with the points meet criteria consistent with the standardized geometric specification of the product. This paper addresses the second question for least-squares fitting both as a historical survey of past and current practices, and as a harbinger of the influence of new specification criteria under consideration for international standardization. It also touches upon a set of new issues posed by the international standardization on the first question as related to sampling and least-squares fitting. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3647877]
C1 [Srinivasan, Vijay] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, ASME, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Shakarji, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Morse, Edward P.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, ASME, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov; craig.shakarji@nist.gov; emorse@uncc.edu
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1530-9827
J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG
JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 1
AR 011008
DI 10.1115/1.3647877
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Manufacturing
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 868QD
UT WOS:000298536900008
ER
PT J
AU Cooke, J
Leaper, R
Wade, P
Lavigne, D
Taylor, B
AF Cooke, Justin
Leaper, Russell
Wade, Paul
Lavigne, David
Taylor, Barbara
TI Management rules for marine mammal populations: A response to Lonergan
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Management procedure; RMP; PBR; Management Strategy Evaluation
ID UNCERTAINTY; MORTALITY
AB The development of management rules for decisions regarding marine mammal populations, which resulted in the Revised Management Procedure (RMP) of the International Whaling Commission and Potential Biological Removal (PBR) within the US Marine Mammal Protection Act is well documented. The description by Lonergan (Potential biological removal and other currently used management rules for marine mammal populations: a comparison, in Marine Policy) of RMP and PBR, and the origins of the management policy choices that they are designed to implement, is not accurate. The policy decisions relating to conservation targets, and the balance between conservation and utilisation, were made by governments and legislators, not by scientists as claimed by Lonergan. Based on the original sources the key aspects of the two procedures, including the way they incorporate policy choices, are explained. Some misconceptions by Lonergan regarding Canada's Atlantic Seal Management Strategy are also addressed. The Management Strategy Evaluation approach used in the development of RMP and PBR has since become increasingly widely used in fishery management. It provides a means to assess the short- and long-term consequences of different policy choices in the context of realistic levels of uncertainty over the status and dynamics of the populations concerned. An alternative approach suggested by Lonergan has been found wanting in the past and would likely also fail in the future. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Leaper, Russell] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
[Cooke, Justin] CEMS, D-79312 Windenreute, Germany.
[Wade, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Lavigne, David] Int Fund Anim Welf, Guelph, ON N1H 2G6, Canada.
[Taylor, Barbara] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Leaper, R (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
EM jgc@cems.de; r.c.leaper@abdn.ac.uk; Paul.Wade@noaa.gov;
dlavigne@ifaw.org; Barbara.Taylor@noaa.gov
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 36
IS 2
BP 389
EP 392
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.009
PG 4
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA 864EH
UT WOS:000298219300012
ER
PT J
AU Richerson, K
Levin, PS
Mangel, M
AF Richerson, Kate
Levin, Phillip S.
Mangel, Marc
TI Accounting for indirect effects and non-commensurate values in ecosystem
based fishery management (EBFM) (vol 34, pg 114, 2010)
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Richerson, Kate; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Richerson, Kate] MRAG Amer, Capitola, CA 95010 USA.
[Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM msmangel@ucsc.edu
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 36
IS 2
BP 565
EP 565
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.08.009
PG 1
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA 864EH
UT WOS:000298219300036
ER
PT J
AU Sala, E
Ballesteros, E
Dendrinos, P
Di Franco, A
Ferretti, F
Foley, D
Fraschetti, S
Friedlander, A
Garrabou, J
Guclusoy, H
Guidetti, P
Halpern, BS
Hereu, B
Karamanlidis, AA
Kizilkaya, Z
Macpherson, E
Mangialajo, L
Mariani, S
Micheli, F
Pais, A
Riser, K
Rosenberg, AA
Sales, M
Selkoe, KA
Starr, R
Tomas, F
Zabala, M
AF Sala, Enric
Ballesteros, Enric
Dendrinos, Panagiotis
Di Franco, Antonio
Ferretti, Francesco
Foley, David
Fraschetti, Simonetta
Friedlander, Alan
Garrabou, Joaquim
Guclusoy, Harun
Guidetti, Paolo
Halpern, Benjamin S.
Hereu, Bernat
Karamanlidis, Alexandros A.
Kizilkaya, Zafer
Macpherson, Enrique
Mangialajo, Luisa
Mariani, Simone
Micheli, Fiorenza
Pais, Antonio
Riser, Kristin
Rosenberg, Andrew A.
Sales, Marta
Selkoe, Kimberly A.
Starr, Rick
Tomas, Fiona
Zabala, Mikel
TI The Structure of Mediterranean Rocky Reef Ecosystems across
Environmental and Human Gradients, and Conservation Implications
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; URCHIN PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS; NORTHERN LINE
ISLANDS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; LONG-TERM; FOOD WEBS; ALGAL ASSEMBLAGES;
CYSTOSEIRA SPP.; ADRIATIC SEA; MONK SEAL
AB Historical exploitation of the Mediterranean Sea and the absence of rigorous baselines makes it difficult to evaluate the current health of the marine ecosystems and the efficacy of conservation actions at the ecosystem level. Here we establish the first current baseline and gradient of ecosystem structure of nearshore rocky reefs at the Mediterranean scale. We conducted underwater surveys in 14 marine protected areas and 18 open access sites across the Mediterranean, and across a 31-fold range of fish biomass (from 3.8 to 118 g m(-2)). Our data showed remarkable variation in the structure of rocky reef ecosystems. Multivariate analysis showed three alternative community states: (1) large fish biomass and reefs dominated by non-canopy algae, (2) lower fish biomass but abundant native algal canopies and suspension feeders, and (3) low fish biomass and extensive barrens, with areas covered by turf algae. Our results suggest that the healthiest shallow rocky reef ecosystems in the Mediterranean have both large fish and algal biomass. Protection level and primary production were the only variables significantly correlated to community biomass structure. Fish biomass was significantly larger in well-enforced no-take marine reserves, but there were no significant differences between multi-use marine protected areas (which allow some fishing) and open access areas at the regional scale. The gradients reported here represent a trajectory of degradation that can be used to assess the health of any similar habitat in the Mediterranean, and to evaluate the efficacy of marine protected areas.
C1 [Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA.
[Sala, Enric; Ballesteros, Enric; Macpherson, Enrique; Mariani, Simone; Tomas, Fiona] CSIC, CEAB, Blanes, Spain.
[Dendrinos, Panagiotis; Karamanlidis, Alexandros A.] MOm Hellen Soc Study & Protect Monk Seal, Athens, Greece.
[Di Franco, Antonio; Fraschetti, Simonetta; Guidetti, Paolo] Univ Salento, DiSTeBA, Lecce, Italy.
[Ferretti, Francesco; Micheli, Fiorenza] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Foley, David] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
[Foley, David] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Friedlander, Alan] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Friedlander, Alan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Garrabou, Joaquim] CSIC, ICM, Ctr Mediterrani Invest Marines & Ambientals, Barcelona, Spain.
[Guclusoy, Harun] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey.
[Guclusoy, Harun; Kizilkaya, Zafer] EKOG, SAD, Ankara, Turkey.
[Halpern, Benjamin S.; Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Hereu, Bernat; Zabala, Mikel] Univ Barcelona, Dept Ecol, Fac Biol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
[Mangialajo, Luisa] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
[Pais, Antonio] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Sci Zootecn, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
[Riser, Kristin; Starr, Rick] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA.
[Sales, Marta] Ctr Oceanog Balears, IEO, Estacio Invest Jaume Ferrer, Mao, Spain.
[Starr, Rick] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
RP Sala, E (reprint author), Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA.
EM esala@ngs.org
RI Macpherson, Enrique/J-8982-2012; Ballesteros, Enric/K-6497-2012; Pais,
Antonio/D-2209-2012; Di Franco, Antonio/A-8796-2010; Hereu,
Bernat/K-9150-2015;
OI Di Franco, Antonio/0000-0003-3411-7015; Hereu,
Bernat/0000-0001-6247-7638; Guclusoy, Harun/0000-0002-4147-2587;
Fraschetti, Simonetta/0000-0002-1780-1651; Guidetti,
Paolo/0000-0002-7983-8775; PAIS, Antonio/0000-0003-4370-8423; Mariani,
Simone/0000-0003-0903-8657
FU Oak Foundation; Pew Charitable Trusts; Spain's National Council for
Scientific Research (CSIC); Lenfest Ocean Program
FX This study was funded by the Oak Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trusts,
Spain's National Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) and the Lenfest
Ocean Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 84
TC 81
Z9 83
U1 5
U2 110
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD FEB 29
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 2
AR e32742
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032742
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 928SI
UT WOS:000303003500099
PM 22393445
ER
PT J
AU Price, SWT
Zonias, N
Skylaris, CK
Hyde, TI
Ravel, B
Russell, AE
AF Price, Stephen W. T.
Zonias, Nicholas
Skylaris, Chris-Kriton
Hyde, Timothy I.
Ravel, Bruce
Russell, Andrea E.
TI Fitting EXAFS data using molecular dynamics outputs and a histogram
approach
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; NANOPARTICLES; CLUSTERS;
SIZE; PARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; SIMULATION; CUMULANT
AB The estimation of metal nanoparticle diameter by analysis of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data from coordination numbers is nontrivial, particularly for particles < 5 nm in diameter, for which the undercoordination of surface atoms becomes an increasingly significant contribution to the average coordination number. These undercoordinated atoms have increased degrees of freedom over those within the core of the particle, which results in an increase in the degree of structural disorder with decreasing particle size. This increase in disorder, however, is not accounted for by the standard means of EXAFS analysis, where each coordination shell is fitted with a single bond length and disorder term. In addition, the surface atoms of nanoparticles have been observed to undergo a greater contraction than those in the core, further increasing the range of bond distances. Failure to account for this structural change results in an increased disorder being measured, and therefore, a lower apparent coordination number and corresponding particle size are found. Here, we employ molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for a range of nanoparticle sizes to determine each of the nearest neighbor bond lengths, which were then binned into a histogram to construct a radial distribution function (RDF). Each bin from the histogram was considered to be a single scattering path and subsequently used in fitting the EXAFS data obtained for a series of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles. These MD-based fits are compared with those obtained using a standard fitting model using Artemis and the standard model with the inclusion of higher cumulants, which has previously been used to account for the non-Gaussian distribution of neighboring atoms around the absorber. The results from all three fitting methods were converted to particle sizes and compared with those obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. We find that the use of molecular dynamics simulations resulted in an improved fit over both the standard and cumulant models, in terms of both quality of fit and correlation with the known average particle size.
C1 [Ravel, Bruce] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Price, Stephen W. T.; Zonias, Nicholas; Skylaris, Chris-Kriton; Russell, Andrea E.] Univ Southampton, Sch Chem, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
[Hyde, Timothy I.] Johnson Matthey Technol Ctr, Reading RG4 9NH, Berks, England.
RP Ravel, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bravel@bnl.gov; a.e.russell@soton.ac.uk
RI Hyde, Timothy/J-2036-2014; Russell, Andrea/A-9625-2012
OI Hyde, Timothy/0000-0003-0435-2380;
FU EPSRC; Southampton Nanoforum; Royal Society; US Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX The authors acknowledge the EPSRC and Johnson Matthey for funding and
would like to thank Brian Theobald and Don Ozkaya of Johnson Matthey
Technology Centre, Sonning Common for supplying the catalysts samples
and for TEM measurements and analysis. The authors would also like to
gratefully acknowledge Gopinathan Sankar for useful discussions
regarding the cumulant expansion method. N.Z. would like to thank the
Southampton Nanoforum for a PhD studentship. C.K.S would like to thank
the Royal Society for a University Research Fellowship. Use of the
National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was
supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 49
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 42
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 29
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 7
AR 075439
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.075439
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 901AV
UT WOS:000300935000008
ER
PT J
AU Near, TJ
Dornburg, A
Kuhn, KL
Eastman, JT
Pennington, JN
Patarnello, T
Zane, L
Fernandez, DA
Jones, CD
AF Near, Thomas J.
Dornburg, Alex
Kuhn, Kristen L.
Eastman, Joseph T.
Pennington, Jillian N.
Patarnello, Tomaso
Zane, Lorenzo
Fernandez, Daniel A.
Jones, Christopher D.
TI Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification
of Antarctic fishes
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE Notothenioidei; Icefish; Percomorpha; molecular clock; buoyancy
ID NOTOTHENIOID FISHES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ICE-SHEET; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES;
DIVERSITY; RADIATION; BUOYANCY; RATES; PERCIFORMES; ADAPTATION
AB The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, but has experienced episodic climate change during the past 40 million years. It remains unclear how ancient periods of climate change have shaped Antarctic biodiversity. The origin of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in Antarctic notothenioid fishes has become a classic example of how the evolution of a key innovation in response to climate change can drive adaptive radiation. By using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of notothenioids and reconstructed paleoclimate, we demonstrate that the origin of AFGP occurred between 42 and 22 Ma, which includes a period of global cooling approximately 35 Ma. However, the most species-rich lineages diversified and evolved significant ecological differences at least 10 million years after the origin of AFGPs, during a second cooling event in the Late Miocene (11.6-5.3 Ma). This pattern indicates that AFGP was not the sole trigger of the notothenioid adaptive radiation. Instead, the bulk of the species richness and ecological diversity originated during the Late Miocene and into the Early Pliocene, a time coincident with the origin of polar conditions and increased ice activity in the Southern Ocean. Our results challenge the current understanding of the evolution of Antarctic notothenioids suggesting that the ecological opportunity that underlies this adaptive radiation is not linked to a single trait, but rather to a combination of freeze avoidance offered by AFGPs and subsequent exploitation of new habitats and open niches created by increased glacial and ice sheet activity.
C1 [Near, Thomas J.] Yale Univ, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Near, Thomas J.; Dornburg, Alex; Kuhn, Kristen L.; Pennington, Jillian N.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Eastman, Joseph T.] Ohio Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Pennington, Jillian N.] Yale Univ, Ezra Stiles Coll, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Patarnello, Tomaso] Univ Padua, Dept Publ Hlth Comparat Pathol & Vet Hyg, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy.
[Zane, Lorenzo] Univ Padua, Dept Biol, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Fernandez, Daniel A.] Ctr Austral Invest Cient, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Argentina.
[Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Near, TJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM thomas.near@yale.edu
RI Zane, Lorenzo/G-6249-2010; Eastman, Joseph/A-9786-2008;
OI Zane, Lorenzo/0000-0002-6963-2132; PATARNELLO,
Tomaso/0000-0003-1794-5791
FU Antarctic fishes; University of Illinois; National Science Foundation
(NSF) [OPP 01-32032, ANT-0839007, DEB-0716155, DEB-1061806, ANT-0436190]
FX We thank A. L. DeVries and C.-H. C. Cheng for supporting our initial
studies of Antarctic fishes. Field and laboratory support was provided
by H. W. Detrich, J. Kendrick, K.-H. Kock, J. A. Moore, and A. L.
Stewart. A. L. DeVries and C.-H. C. Cheng (University of Illinois), G.
Lecointre (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France), and C.
D. Roberts (Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa) provided critical
specimens. K. L. Prudic, M. E. Alfaro, J. M. Beaulieu, M. J. Donoghue,
R. I. Eytan, A. M. Near, and J. C. Oliver provided comments on previous
versions of this manuscript. Fieldwork was facilitated through the
United States Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program and the officers
and crew of the RV Yuzhmorgeologiya, and the 2004 ICEFISH cruise aboard
the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, which was funded through National Science
Foundation (NSF) Grant OPP 01-32032 (to H. William Detrich III). This
research was supported by NSF Grants ANT-0839007 (to T.J.N.),
DEB-0716155 (to T.J.N.), DEB-1061806 (to T.J.N.), and ANT-0436190 (to
J.T.E.).
NR 60
TC 75
Z9 77
U1 16
U2 105
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD FEB 28
PY 2012
VL 109
IS 9
BP 3434
EP 3439
DI 10.1073/pnas.1115169109
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 899PL
UT WOS:000300828200051
PM 22331888
ER
PT J
AU Richards, BL
Williams, ID
Vetter, OJ
Williams, GJ
AF Richards, Benjamin L.
Williams, Ivor D.
Vetter, Oliver J.
Williams, Gareth J.
TI Environmental Factors Affecting Large-Bodied Coral Reef Fish Assemblages
in the Mariana Archipelago
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID BOOSTED REGRESSION TREES; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF;
REMOTE HAWAIIAN ATOLLS; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; LIFE-HISTORY;
MARSHALL-ISLANDS; FLORIDA-KEYS; CARCHARHINUS-AMBLYRHYNCHOS; HABITAT
ASSOCIATIONS
AB Large-bodied reef fishes represent an economically and ecologically important segment of the coral reef fish assemblage. Many of these individuals supply the bulk of the reproductive output for their population and have a disproportionate effect on their environment (e.g. as apex predators or bioeroding herbivores). Large-bodied reef fishes also tend to be at greatest risk of overfishing, and their loss can result in a myriad of either cascading (direct) or indirect trophic and other effects. While many studies have investigated habitat characteristics affecting populations of small-bodied reef fishes, few have explored the relationship between large-bodied species and their environment. Here, we describe the distribution of the large-bodied reef fishes in the Mariana Archipelago with an emphasis on the environmental factors associated with their distribution. Of the factors considered in this study, a negative association with human population density showed the highest relative influence on the distribution of large-bodied reef fishes; however, depth, water temperature, and distance to deep water also were important. These findings provide new information on the ecology of large-bodied reef fishes can inform discussions concerning essential fish habitat and ecosystem-based management for these species and highlight important knowledge gaps worthy of additional research.
C1 [Richards, Benjamin L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Williams, Ivor D.; Vetter, Oliver J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Richards, Benjamin L.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Williams, Gareth J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Richards, BL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM benjamin.richards@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Habitat Conservation;
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
FX The National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Habitat Conservation and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef
Conservation Program provided funding for this work. The funders had no
role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish,
or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 121
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 52
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD FEB 27
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 2
AR e31374
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031374
PG 25
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 927OV
UT WOS:000302918500023
PM 22384014
ER
PT J
AU Lee, CC
Suzuki, S
Xie, W
Schibli, TR
AF Lee, C-C
Suzuki, S.
Xie, W.
Schibli, T. R.
TI Broadband graphene electro-optic modulators with sub-wavelength
thickness
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID FEEDBACK; FILMS
AB Graphene's featureless optical absorption, ultrahigh carrier mobility, and variable optical absorption by an applied gate voltage enable a new breed of optical modulators with broad optical and electrical bandwidths. Here we report on an electro-optic modulator that integrates single-layer graphene in a sub-wavelength thick, reflective modulator structure. These modulators provide a large degree of design freedom, which allows tailoring of their optical properties to specific needs. Current devices feature an active aperture similar to 100 mu m, and provide uniform modulation with flat frequency response from 1 Hz to > 100 MHz. These novel, low insertion-loss graphene-based modulators offer solutions to a variety of high-speed amplitude modulation tasks that require optical amplitude modulation without phase distortions, a flat frequency response, or ultra-thin geometries, such as for controlling monolithic, high-repetition rate mode-locked lasers or active interferometers. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Lee, C-C; Xie, W.; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dep Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Suzuki, S.] Toyota Technol Inst, Grad Sch Engn, Tempaku Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4688511, Japan.
[Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dep Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lee, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Dep Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ChienChung.Lee@Colorado.EDU
FU NNIN at the Colorado Nanofabrication Laboratory; National Science
Foundation [ECS-0335765]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) (US) [YFA N66001-11-1-4156]
FX We thank Prof. C. Rogers and his group for the use of their RF lock-in
amplifier. This research was supported in part by the NNIN at the
Colorado Nanofabrication Laboratory and the National Science Foundation
under Grant No. ECS-0335765 and by the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA) (US), Contract No. YFA N66001-11-1-4156.
NR 14
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 9
U2 95
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD FEB 27
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 5
BP 5264
EP 5269
DI 10.1364/OE.20.005264
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 902QL
UT WOS:000301053200046
PM 22418332
ER
PT J
AU Norris, DG
Cimmarusti, AD
Orozco, LA
Barberis-Blostein, P
Carmichael, HJ
AF Norris, D. G.
Cimmarusti, A. D.
Orozco, L. A.
Barberis-Blostein, P.
Carmichael, H. J.
TI Anomalous light shift through quantum jumps in quasiresonant Rayleigh
scattering
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS; ATOMS
AB An anomalous light shift in the precession of a ground-state Zeeman coherence is observed: The Larmor frequency increases with the strength of a drive that is blue (red) detuned from a transition out of the lower (upper) energy level. Our measurements are made on Rb-85 atoms traversing an optical cavity containing a few photons; shifts as large as 1% per photon are recorded. The anomalous shift arises from an accumulation of phase driven by quantum jumps. It is stochastic and accompanied by broadening.
C1 [Norris, D. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Barberis-Blostein, P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Sistemas, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico.
[Carmichael, H. J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand.
RP Norris, DG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM lorozco@umd.edu
FU NSF; CONACYT, Mexico; RSNZ
FX Work supported by NSF, CONACYT, Mexico, and the Marsden Fund of RSNZ. We
thank J. J. Bollinger for useful discussions.
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB 27
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
AR 021804
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.021804
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 899OT
UT WOS:000300826300002
ER
PT J
AU Strauch, FW
Onyango, D
Jacobs, K
Simmonds, RW
AF Strauch, Frederick W.
Onyango, Douglas
Jacobs, Kurt
Simmonds, Raymond W.
TI Entangled-state synthesis for superconducting resonators
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAPPED ION; PHASE QUBITS; QUANTUM; CIRCUIT; GENERATION; PHOTON; CAVITY
AB We present a theoretical analysis of methods to synthesize entangled states of two superconducting resonators. These methods use experimentally demonstrated interactions of resonators with artificial atoms and offer efficient routes to generate nonclassical states. We analyze physical implementations, energy level structure, and the effects of decoherence through detailed dynamical simulations.
C1 [Strauch, Frederick W.; Onyango, Douglas] Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA.
[Jacobs, Kurt] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
[Simmonds, Raymond W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Strauch, FW (reprint author), Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA.
EM frederick.w.strauch@williams.edu
RI Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011
OI Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421
FU Research Corporation for Science Advancement; NSF [PHY-0902906,
PHY-1005571]
FX We gratefully acknowlege discussions with J. Aumentado, F. Altomare, and
B. Johnson. F.W.S. was supported by the Research Corporation for Science
Advancement, K.J. by the NSF under Project No. PHY-0902906, and both by
the NSF under Project No. PHY-1005571.
NR 62
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB 27
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
AR 022335
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.022335
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 899OT
UT WOS:000300826300007
ER
PT J
AU Velders, GJM
Ravishankara, AR
Miller, MK
Molina, MJ
Alcamo, J
Daniel, JS
Fahey, DW
Montzka, SA
Reimann, S
AF Velders, Guus J. M.
Ravishankara, A. R.
Miller, Melanie K.
Molina, Mario J.
Alcamo, Joseph
Daniel, John S.
Fahey, David W.
Montzka, Stephen A.
Reimann, Stefan
TI Preserving Montreal Protocol Climate Benefits by Limiting HFCs
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Velders, Guus J. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands.
[Ravishankara, A. R.; Daniel, John S.; Fahey, David W.; Montzka, Stephen A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Miller, Melanie K.] Touchdown Consulting, B-1310 La Hulpe, Belgium.
[Molina, Mario J.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Alcamo, Joseph] UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya.
[Reimann, Stefan] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Empa, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
RP Velders, GJM (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands.
EM guus.velders@rivm.nl
RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; Ravishankara,
Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400
NR 11
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 6
U2 50
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD FEB 24
PY 2012
VL 335
IS 6071
BP 922
EP 923
DI 10.1126/science.1216414
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 900ZQ
UT WOS:000300931800029
PM 22362993
ER
PT J
AU Pauluis, O
Dias, J
AF Pauluis, Olivier
Dias, Juliana
TI Satellite Estimates of Precipitation-Induced Dissipation in the
Atmosphere
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; ENTROPY
BUDGET; FRICTIONAL DISSIPATION; RADAR; WORK
AB A substantial amount of frictional dissipation in the atmosphere occurs in the microphysical shear zones surrounding falling precipitation. The dissipation rate is computed here from recently available satellite retrieval from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Missions and is found to average 1.8 watts per square meter between 30 degrees S and 30 degrees N. The geographical distribution of the precipitation-induced dissipation is closely tied to that of precipitation but also reveals a stronger dissipation rate for continental convection than for maritime convection. Because the precipitation-induced dissipation is of the same magnitude as the turbulent dissipation of the kinetic energy in the atmosphere, changes in the hydrological cycle could potentially have a direct impact on the amount of kinetic energy generated and dissipated by the atmospheric circulation.
C1 [Pauluis, Olivier] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA.
[Dias, Juliana] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Pauluis, O (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA.
EM pauluis@cims.nyu.edu
FU NSF [ATM-0545047, AGS-0944058]
FX The TRMM 3A25 data were obtained from the TRMM Science Data and
Information System (TSDIS) at Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA. The
authors are thankful to A. Ackerman, A. Del Genio, G. Tselioudis, and A.
Fridlind for their comments on a previous version of this manuscript.
This work has been supported by NSF grants ATM-0545047 and AGS-0944058.
NR 18
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD FEB 24
PY 2012
VL 335
IS 6071
BP 953
EP 956
DI 10.1126/science.1215869
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 900ZQ
UT WOS:000300931800042
PM 22363004
ER
PT J
AU Goslin, J
Perrot, J
Royer, JY
Martin, C
Lourenco, N
Luis, J
Dziak, RP
Matsumoto, H
Haxel, J
Fowler, MJ
Fox, CG
Lau, ATK
Bazin, S
AF Goslin, J.
Perrot, J.
Royer, J. -Y.
Martin, C.
Lourenco, N.
Luis, J.
Dziak, R. P.
Matsumoto, H.
Haxel, J.
Fowler, M. J.
Fox, C. G.
Lau, A. T. -K.
Bazin, S.
TI Spatiotemporal distribution of the seismicity along the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge north of the Azores from hydroacoustic data: Insights into
seismogenic processes in a ridge-hot spot context
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Azores hot spot-ridge interaction; autonomous hydrophone; seismicity;
spreading center
ID HYDROPHONE ARRAYS; REYKJANES RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; OMORI FORMULA;
SEA-FLOOR; T-WAVES; GRAVITY; EARTHQUAKES; EVOLUTION; SEGMENTATION
AB The seismicity of the North Atlantic was monitored from May 2002 to September 2003 by the 'SIRENA array' of autonomous hydrophones. The hydroacoustic signals provide a unique data set documenting numerous low-magnitude earthquakes along the section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) located in a ridge-hot spot interaction context. During the experiment, 1696 events were detected along the MAR axis between 40 degrees N and 51 degrees N, with a magnitude of completeness level of m(b) approximate to 2.4. Inside the array, location errors are in the order of 2 km, and errors in the origin time are less than 1 s. From this catalog, 15 clusters were detected. The distribution of source level (SL) versus time within each cluster is used to discriminate clusters occurring in a tectonic context from those attributed to non-tectonic (i.e. volcanic or hydrothermal) processes. The location of tectonic and non-tectonic sequences correlates well with regions with positive and negative Mantle Bouguer Anomalies (MBAs), indicating the presence of thinner/colder and thicker/warmer crust respectively. At the scale of the entire array, both the complete and declustered catalogs derived from the hydroacoustic signals show an increase of the seismicity rate from the Azores up to 43 degrees 30'N suggesting a diminishing influence of the Azores hot spot on the ridge-axis temperature, and well correlated with a similar increase in the along-axis MBAs. The comparison of the MAR seismicity with the Residual MBA (RMBA) at different scales leads us to think that the low-magnitude seismicity rates are directly related to along-axis variations in lithosphere rheology and temperatures.
C1 [Goslin, J.; Perrot, J.; Royer, J. -Y.; Martin, C.] Univ Brest, Univ Europeenne Bretagne, IUEM, CNRS,UMR 6538, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
[Lourenco, N.] Estrutura Missao Extensao Plataforma Continental, P-2770057 Paco De Arcos, Portugal.
[Luis, J.] Univ Algarve, Ctr Invest Marinha & Ambiental, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal.
[Dziak, R. P.; Matsumoto, H.; Haxel, J.; Fowler, M. J.; Lau, A. T. -K.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Fox, C. G.] NOAA, NGDC, NESDIS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Bazin, S.] Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France.
RP Goslin, J (reprint author), Univ Brest, Univ Europeenne Bretagne, IUEM, CNRS,UMR 6538, Pl N Copernic, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
RI julie, perrot/A-7160-2010; Luis, Joaquim/A-1112-2009; Lourenco,
Nuno/A-5361-2013; Royer, Jean-Yves/B-4312-2010
OI Luis, Joaquim/0000-0002-9035-4069; Lourenco, Nuno/0000-0002-8038-677X;
Royer, Jean-Yves/0000-0002-7653-7715
NR 52
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD FEB 24
PY 2012
VL 13
AR Q02010
DI 10.1029/2011GC003828
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 899DE
UT WOS:000300794000001
ER
PT J
AU Turner, DD
Merrelli, A
Vimont, D
Mlawer, EJ
AF Turner, D. D.
Merrelli, A.
Vimont, D.
Mlawer, E. J.
TI Impact of modifying the longwave water vapor continuum absorption model
on community Earth system model simulations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; SPECTRAL RADIANCE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER;
ATMOSPHERE MODEL; INSTRUMENT; PERFORMANCE; TROPOSPHERE; RETRIEVAL; RRTM;
GCM
AB The far-infrared (wavelengths longer than 17 mm) has been shown to be extremely important for radiative processes in the earth's atmosphere. The strength of the water vapor continuum absorption in this spectral region has largely been predicted using observations at other wavelengths that have been extrapolated using semiempirical approaches such as the Clough-Kneizys-Davies (CKD) family of models. Recent field experiments using new far-infrared instrumentation have supported a factor of 2 decrease in the modeled strength of the foreign continuum at 50 mm and a factor of 1.5 increase in the self-continuum at 24 mm in the Clough-Kneizys-Davies continuum model (CKD v2.4); these changes are incorporated in the Mlawer-Tobin-CKD continuum model (MT_CKD v2.4). The water vapor continuum in the Community Earth System Model (CESM v1.0) was modified to use the newer model, and the impacts of this change were investigated by comparing output from the original and modified CESM for 20 year integrations with prescribed sea surface temperatures. The change results in an increase in the net upward longwave flux of order 0.5 W m(-2) between 300 and 400 mb, and a decrease in this flux of about the same magnitude for altitudes below 600 mb. The radiative impact results in a small but statistically significant change in the mean temperature and humidity fields, and also a slight decrease (order 0.5%) of high-cloud amount. The change in the cloud amount modified the longwave cloud radiative forcing, which partially offset the radiative heating caused by the change in the water vapor continuum absorption model.
C1 [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Mlawer, E. J.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
[Merrelli, A.; Vimont, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM dave.turner@noaa.gov
FU Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR [35381137];
U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64167]
FX The simulations were run on the bluefire supercomputer at the National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The computer time was supported
by small allocation grant 35381137, awarded to AJM and DDT by the
Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR. We would
like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their excellent comments
that ultimately strengthened this manuscript. This work was supported in
part by the U.S. Department of Energy by grant DE-FG02-06ER64167 as part
of the Atmospheric System Research program.
NR 31
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 24
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D04106
DI 10.1029/2011JD016440
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 899DZ
UT WOS:000300796700001
ER
PT J
AU Chia, HJ
Guo, F
Belova, LM
McMichael, RD
AF Chia, Han-Jong
Guo, Feng
Belova, L. M.
McMichael, R. D.
TI Nanoscale Spin Wave Localization Using Ferromagnetic Resonance Force
Microscopy
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MEMORY; MODES; LOGIC
AB We use the dipolar fields from a magnetic cantilever tip to generate localized spin wave precession modes in an in-plane magnetized, thin ferromagnetic film. Multiple resonances from a series of localized modes are detected by ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy and reproduced by micromagnetic models that also reveal highly anisotropic mode profiles. Modeled scans of line defects using the lowest-frequency mode provide resolution predictions of (94.5 +/- 1.5) nm in the field direction, and (390 +/- 2) nm perpendicular to the field.
C1 [Chia, Han-Jong; Guo, Feng; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chia, Han-Jong; Guo, Feng] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Belova, L. M.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
RP Chia, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hanjong.chia@nist.gov; robert.mcmichael@nist.gov
RI Belova, Lyubov/A-9868-2011; McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Guo,
Feng/N-8584-2013; Gastelois, Pedro/F-3891-2012;
OI Belova, Lyubov/0000-0003-4889-4210; McMichael,
Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
FU NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement
FX We are grateful for the assistance of Meng Zhu for sample fabrication
and E. D. Dahlberg and P.C. Hammel for valuable discussions. This work
has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative
Agreement.
NR 28
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 24
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 8
AR 087206
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.087206
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 897QV
UT WOS:000300670300011
PM 22463567
ER
PT J
AU Deka, U
Juhin, A
Eilertsen, EA
Emerich, H
Green, MA
Korhonen, ST
Weckhuysen, BM
Beale, AM
AF Deka, Upakul
Juhin, Amelie
Eilertsen, Einar A.
Emerich, Hermann
Green, Mark A.
Korhonen, Satu T.
Weckhuysen, Bert M.
Beale, Andrew M.
TI Confirmation of Isolated Cu2+ Ions in SSZ-13 Zeolite as Active Sites in
NH3-Selective Catalytic Reduction
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID COPPER; NO; COORDINATION; CU-ZSM-5; DECOMPOSITION; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY;
AMMONIA; OXYGEN; STATE
AB NH3-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NH3-SCR) is a widely used technology for NO reduction in the emission control systems of heavy duty diesel vehicles. Copper-based ion exchanged zeolites and in particular Cu-SSZ-13 (CHA framework) catalysts show both exceptional activity and hydrothermal. stability for this reaction. In this work, we have studied the origin of the SCR activity of Cu-SSZ-13 as evidenced from a combination of synchrotron-based and laboratory techniques. Synchrotron-based in situ XAFS/XRD measurements were used to provide complementary information on the local copper environment under realistic NH3-SCR conditions. Crucial then to the catalytic activity of Cu-SSZ-13 is the local environment of the copper species, particularly in the zeolite. Cu-SSZ-13 contains mononuclear Cu2+ species, located in the face of the double-6-ring subunit of the zeolite after calcination where it remains under reaction conditions. At lower temperatures (with low activity), XAFS and XRD data revealed a conformational change in the local geometry of the copper from a planar form toward a distorted tetrahedron as a result of a preferential interaction with NH3. This process appears necessary for activity, but results in a stymieing of activity at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, the Cu2+ possess a local coordination state akin to that seen after calcination.
C1 [Deka, Upakul] Mat Innovat Inst M2i, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands.
[Deka, Upakul; Korhonen, Satu T.; Weckhuysen, Bert M.; Beale, Andrew M.] Univ Utrecht, Debye Inst Nanomat Sci, Inorgan Chem & Catalysis Grp, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Juhin, Amelie] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
[Eilertsen, Einar A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, SMN INGAP, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
[Emerich, Hermann] ESRF, Swiss Norwegian Beam, SNBL, BM01, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
[Green, Mark A.] NIST, Beamline BT1, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
[Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Deka, U (reprint author), Mat Innovat Inst M2i, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands.
RI Beale, Andrew/C-4866-2009; Beale, Andrew/J-9059-2013; Institute (DINS),
Debye/G-7730-2014; JUHIN, Amelie/C-3502-2015; Weckhuysen,
Bert/D-3742-2009
OI Beale, Andrew/0000-0002-0923-1433; JUHIN, Amelie/0000-0003-0752-3034;
Weckhuysen, Bert/0000-0001-5245-1426
FU ESRF; Materials innovation institute M2i [M23.7.08301]
FX This research was carried out under project number M23.7.08301 in the
framework of the Research Program of the Materials innovation institute
M2i (www.m2i.nl). We would like to thank Sachem Inc. for kindly
providing the template (ZeoGen 2825) used in the synthesis of SSZ-13.
For the XANES simulations, the work was granted access to the HPC
resources of IDRIS under the allocation 2011-1202 made by GENCI (Grand
Equipment National de Calcul Intensif). Ines Dacil Gonzalez-Jimenez
(Utrecht University) is thanked for helping with experiments at SNBL,
ESRF. ESRF is thanked for funding the beamtime to perform combined
XAS/XRD measurements. Matthew G. O'Brien (Utrecht University) and David
Wragg (Oslo University) are thanked for advice on Rietveld refinements.
NR 41
TC 115
Z9 122
U1 21
U2 210
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD FEB 23
PY 2012
VL 116
IS 7
BP 4809
EP 4818
DI 10.1021/jp212450d
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 903XQ
UT WOS:000301156500057
ER
PT J
AU Chotia, A
Neyenhuis, B
Moses, SA
Yan, B
Covey, JP
Foss-Feig, M
Rey, AM
Jin, DS
Ye, J
AF Chotia, Amodsen
Neyenhuis, Brian
Moses, Steven A.
Yan, Bo
Covey, Jacob P.
Foss-Feig, Michael
Rey, Ana Maria
Jin, Deborah S.
Ye, Jun
TI Long-Lived Dipolar Molecules and Feshbach Molecules in a 3D Optical
Lattice
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MANY-BODY PHYSICS; POLAR-MOLECULES; ULTRACOLD GASES
AB We have realized long-lived ground-state polar molecules in a 3D optical lattice, with a lifetime of up to 25 s, which is limited only by off-resonant scattering of the trapping light. Starting from a 2D optical lattice, we observe that the lifetime increases dramatically as a small lattice potential is added along the tube-shaped lattice traps. The 3D optical lattice also dramatically increases the lifetime for weakly bound Feshbach molecules. For a pure gas of Feshbach molecules, we observe a lifetime of greater than 20 s in a 3D optical lattice; this represents a 100-fold improvement over previous results. This lifetime is also limited by off-resonant scattering, the rate of which is related to the size of the Feshbach molecule. Individually trapped Feshbach molecules in the 3D lattice can be converted to pairs of K and Rb atoms and back with nearly 100% efficiency.
C1 [Jin, Deborah S.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Jin, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Jin@jilau1.colorado.edu; Ye@jila.colorado.edu
RI Yan, Bo/B-3810-2012; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Chotia, Amodsen/A-8340-2014
OI Yan, Bo/0000-0001-7235-5554;
FU NIST; NSF; AFOSR-MURI; DOE; ARO DARPA OLE; NDSEG
FX We thank P. Julienne for the calculation based on the two-channel model
of the Feshbach resonance and S. Kotochigova for the calculation of the
complex polarizability of KRb ground-state molecules. We thank G.
Quemener and J. L. Bohn for stimulating discussions and also their
estimates of the on-site bimolecular loss rate. We gratefully
acknowledge financial support for this work from NIST, NSF, AFOSR-MURI,
DOE, and ARO DARPA OLE. S. A. M. acknowledges funding from the NDSEG.
NR 30
TC 120
Z9 121
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 23
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 8
AR 080405
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.080405
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 897QQ
UT WOS:000300669600005
PM 22463505
ER
PT J
AU Yu, PL
Purdy, TP
Regal, CA
AF Yu, P. -L.
Purdy, T. P.
Regal, C. A.
TI Control of Material Damping in High-Q Membrane Microresonators
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERNAL-FRICTION; CAVITY; MOTION; FILMS
AB We study the mechanical quality factors of bilayer aluminum-silicon-nitride membranes. By coating ultrahigh-Q Si3N4 membranes with a more lossy metal, we can precisely measure the effect of material loss on Q's of tensioned resonator modes over a large range of frequencies. We develop a theoretical model that interprets our results and predicts the damping can be reduced significantly by patterning the metal film. Using such patterning, we fabricate Al-Si3N4 membranes with ultrahigh Q at room temperature. Our work elucidates the role of material loss in the Q of membrane resonators and informs the design of hybrid mechanical oscillators for optical-electrical-mechanical quantum interfaces.
C1 [Yu, P. -L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Yu, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Yu, Pen-Li/J-5062-2012
OI Yu, Pen-Li/0000-0002-7266-0708
FU DARPA QuASAR; ONR; ONR YIP; JILA NSF-PFC; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation;
NRC
FX We thank I. Wilson-Rae, K. W. Lehnert, and R. W. Simmonds for valuable
discussions and A. M. Kaufman for assistance. This work was supported by
the DARPA QuASAR program, ONR YIP, and JILA NSF-PFC. C. A. R. thanks the
Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for support. T. P. P. thanks the NRC for
support.
NR 27
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 24
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 23
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 8
AR 083603
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.083603
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 897QQ
UT WOS:000300669600018
PM 22463530
ER
PT J
AU Gaos, AR
Lewison, RL
Yanez, IL
Wallace, BP
Liles, MJ
Nichols, WJ
Baquero, A
Hasbun, CR
Vasquez, M
Urteaga, J
Seminoff, JA
AF Gaos, Alexander R.
Lewison, Rebecca L.
Yanez, Ingrid L.
Wallace, Bryan P.
Liles, Michael J.
Nichols, Wallace J.
Baquero, Andres
Hasbun, Carlos R.
Vasquez, Mauricio
Urteaga, Jose
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
TI Shifting the life-history paradigm: discovery of novel habitat use by
hawksbill turtles
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hawksbill; habitat use; mangroves; estuary; eastern Pacific; life
history
ID SEA-TURTLES; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; POPULATION; MIGRATION
AB Adult hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are typically described as open-coast, coral reef and hard substrate dwellers. Here, we report new satellite tracking data on female hawksbills from several countries in the eastern Pacific that revealed previously undocumented behaviour for adults of the species. In contrast to patterns of habitat use exhibited by their Caribbean and Indo-Pacific counterparts, eastern Pacific hawksbills generally occupied inshore estuaries, wherein they had strong associations with mangrove saltwater forests. The use of inshore habitats and affinities with mangrove saltwater forests presents a previously unknown life-history paradigm for adult hawksbill turtles and suggests a potentially unique evolutionary trajectory for the species. Our findings highlight the variability in life-history strategies that marine turtles and other wide-ranging marine wildlife may exhibit among ocean regions, and the importance of understanding such disparities from an ecological and management perspective.
C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Gaos, Alexander R.; Yanez, Ingrid L.; Liles, Michael J.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA USA.
[Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA USA.
[Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Liles, Michael J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA.
[Nichols, Wallace J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA.
[Baquero, Andres] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador.
[Baquero, Andres] Univ San Francisco Quito, Galapagos Inst Arts & Sci, Quito, Ecuador.
[Hasbun, Carlos R.] US Agcy Int Dev, San Salvador, El Salvador.
[Vasquez, Mauricio] Univ El Salvador, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Dept Limnol & Ocean Sci, San Salvador, El Salvador.
[Urteaga, Jose] Flora & Fauna Int, Managua, Nicaragua.
[Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
EM info@hawksbill.org
FU Southwest Fisheries Science Centre of the National Ocean and Atmospheric
Administration; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and
Wildlife Service; Machalilla National Park; Paso Pacifico; Asociacion
para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada; Fundacion
para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos; Cooperativa de
Pescadores El Maculis; Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources
of El Salvador; Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo; Los Zorros y
Padre Ramos; Ocean Foundation
FX We thank Southwest Fisheries Science Centre of the National Ocean and
Atmospheric Administration, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, US
Fish and Wildlife Service, Machalilla National Park, Paso Pacifico,
Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada,
Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos, Cooperativa de
Pescadores El Maculis, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources
of El Salvador, Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo, Los Zorros y
Padre Ramos and The Ocean Foundation for financial/logisitical support.
We recognize the following individuals: Rene Flores, Cristabel Flores,
Georgina Mariona, Wilfredo Lopez, Tarla Peterson, Sarah Otterstrom, Liza
Gonzalez, Salvador Sanchez, Perla Torres, Eduardo Altamirano Urbina,
Eddy Maradiaga, Luis Manzanares, Micaela Pena, Juan Pablo Munoz,
Gabriela Anhalzer, Felipe Vallejo, Michelle Pico, Earl Possardt, Grover
Jeane, Michael Carey, Philippe Gaspar, Remy Lopez, Michael Coyne and
Harry Johnson. We acknowledge insightful reviewer comments by Graeme
Hayes.
NR 23
TC 12
Z9 16
U1 7
U2 51
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD FEB 23
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 1
BP 54
EP 56
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0603
PG 3
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 879IF
UT WOS:000299322200017
PM 21880620
ER
PT J
AU Parks, SE
Warren, JD
Stamieszkin, K
Mayo, CA
Wiley, D
AF Parks, Susan E.
Warren, Joseph D.
Stamieszkin, Karen
Mayo, Charles A.
Wiley, David
TI Dangerous dining: surface foraging of North Atlantic right whales
increases risk of vessel collisions
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE foraging ecology; endangered species; vessel collision; right whale
ID EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; ZOOPLANKTON
AB North Atlantic right whales are critically endangered and, despite international protection from whaling, significant numbers die from collisions with ships. Large groups of right whales migrate to the coastal waters of New England during the late winter and early spring to feed in an area with large numbers of vessels. North Atlantic right whales have the largest per capita record of vessel strikes of any large whale population in the world. Right whale feeding behaviour in Cape Cod Bay (CCB) probably contributes to risk of collisions with ships. In this study, feeding right whales tagged with archival suction cup tags spent the majority of their time just below the water's surface where they cannot be seen but are shallow enough to be vulnerable to ship strike. Habitat surveys show that large patches of right whale prey are common in the upper 5 m of the water column in CCB during spring. These results indicate that the typical spring-time foraging ecology of right whales may contribute to their high level of mortality from vessel collisions. The results of this study suggest that remote acoustic detection of prey aggregations may be a useful supplement to the management and conservation of right whales.
C1 [Parks, Susan E.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA.
[Warren, Joseph D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA.
[Stamieszkin, Karen; Mayo, Charles A.] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA.
[Wiley, David] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, Scituate, MA 02066 USA.
RP Parks, SE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16804 USA.
EM sep20@psu.edu
RI Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014
OI Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-0630, N00014-09-0484,
N00014-09-1-0066]; NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary;
Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the entire field team
who aided in the data collection in 2009 and 2010, particularly A.
Bocconcelli and the Dtag group from the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution (WHOI). This work was supported by Office of Naval Research
grants N00014-08-0630 (S. E. P.; D. W.), N00014-09-0484 (J.D.W.) and
N00014-09-1-0066 (WHOI). Support was also received from NOAA Stellwagen
Bank National Marine Sanctuary and the Massachusetts Division of Marine
Fisheries.
NR 14
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 45
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD FEB 23
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 1
BP 57
EP 60
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0578
PG 4
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 879IF
UT WOS:000299322200018
PM 21813549
ER
PT J
AU Carasso, AS
Vladar, AE
AF Carasso, Alfred S.
Vladar, Andras E.
TI Fractional Diffusion, Low Exponent Levy Stable Laws, and 'Slow Motion'
Denoising of Helium Ion Microscope Nanoscale Imagery
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HIM images; 'slow motion' image denoising; image texture; image
metrology; total variation; curvelet transform; fractional diffusion;
low exponent Levy stable laws; image Lipschitz exponents; surface
morphology
ID NOISE REMOVAL; ALGORITHMS; SPACE
AB Helium ion microscopes (HIM) are capable of acquiring images with better than 1 nm resolution, and HIM images are particularly rich in morphological surface details. However, such images are generally quite noisy. A major challenge is to denoise these images while preserving delicate surface information. This paper presents a powerful slow motion denoising technique, based on solving linear fractional diffusion equations forward in time. The method is easily implemented computationally, using fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. When applied to actual HIM images, the method is found to reproduce the essential surface morphology of the sample with high fidelity. In contrast, such highly sophisticated methodologies as Curvelet Transform denoising, and Total Variation denoising using split Bregman iterations, are found to eliminate vital fine scale information, along with the noise. Image Lipschitz exponents are a useful image metrology tool for quantifying the fine structure content in an image. In this paper, this tool is applied to rank order the above three distinct denoising approaches, in terms of their texture preserving properties. In several denoising experiments on actual HIM images, it was found that fractional diffusion smoothing performed noticeably better than split Bregman TV, which in turn, performed slightly better than Curvelet denoising.
C1 [Carasso, Alfred S.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Carasso, AS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM alfred.carasso@nist.gov; andras.vladar@nist.gov
NR 27
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD FEB 22
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 119
EP 142
DI 10.6028/jres.117.006
PG 24
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 933UT
UT WOS:000303389600001
PM 26900518
ER
PT J
AU Garg, S
Porcar, L
Hamill, AC
Butler, PD
Perez-Salas, U
AF Garg, S.
Porcar, L.
Hamill, A. C.
Butler, P. D.
Perez-Salas, U.
TI Response to "How Slow Is the Transbilayer Diffusion (Flip-Flop) of
Cholesterol?"
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID EXTRUSION; MEMBRANES; LIPOSOMES
C1 [Garg, S.; Perez-Salas, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL USA.
[Porcar, L.] Inst Laue Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, Grenoble, France.
[Porcar, L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Colburn Lab, Newark, DE USA.
[Hamill, A. C.; Butler, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Perez-Salas, U.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA.
RP Garg, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL USA.
EM sgarg@anl.gov; porcar@ill.fr; paul.butler@nist.gov; ursulaps@uic.edu
RI Garg, Sumit/B-2701-2012; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 10
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD FEB 22
PY 2012
VL 102
IS 4
BP 947
EP 949
DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.01.033
PG 3
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 900WE
UT WOS:000300921600027
ER
PT J
AU Hafezi, M
Kim, Z
Rolston, SL
Orozco, LA
Lev, BL
Taylor, JM
AF Hafezi, M.
Kim, Z.
Rolston, S. L.
Orozco, L. A.
Lev, B. L.
Taylor, J. M.
TI Atomic interface between microwave and optical photons
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION;
ENSEMBLES; STATE; ENTANGLEMENT
AB A complete physical approach to quantum information requires a robust interface among flying qubits, long-lifetime memory, and computational qubits. Here we present a unified interface for microwave and optical photons, potentially connecting engineerable quantum devices such as superconducting qubits at long distances through optical photons. Our approach uses an ultracold ensemble of atoms for two purposes: quantum memory and to transduce excitations between the two frequency domains. Using coherent control techniques, we examine an approach for converting and storing quantum information between microwave photons in superconducting resonators, ensembles of ultracold atoms, and optical photons, as well as a method for transferring information between two resonators.
C1 [Hafezi, M.; Kim, Z.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lev, B. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Lev, B. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Lev, B. L.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM hafezi@umd.edu
RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Hafezi,
Mohammad/A-1197-2008
OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190;
Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880
FU ARO MURI [W911NF0910406]; ARO Atomtronics MURI; NSF through the Physics
Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute
FX This research was funded by ARO MURI Grant No. W911NF0910406, ARO
Atomtronics MURI, and by NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the
Joint Quantum Institute. We thank A. Gorshkov for fruitful discussions
and E. Tiesinga and S. Polyakov for critical reading of the manuscript.
NR 44
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB 22
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
AR 020302
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.020302
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 896KM
UT WOS:000300564700001
ER
PT J
AU Ehlers, G
Huq, A
Diallo, SO
Adriano, C
Rule, KC
Cornelius, AL
Fouquet, P
Pagliuso, PG
Gardner, JS
AF Ehlers, G.
Huq, A.
Diallo, S. O.
Adriano, C.
Rule, K. C.
Cornelius, A. L.
Fouquet, P.
Pagliuso, P. G.
Gardner, J. S.
TI Low energy spin dynamics in the spin ice Ho2Sn2O7
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID FRUSTRATED PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; TEMPERATURE MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES;
MONOPOLES; HO2TI2O7; RELAXATION; RESOLUTION; TB2TI2O7; OXIDES; PHASE
AB The magnetic properties of Ho2Sn2O7 have been investigated and compared to other spin ice compounds. Although the lattice has expanded by 3% relative to the better studied Ho2Ti2O7 spin ice, no significant changes were observed in the high temperature properties, T greater than or similar to 20 K. As the temperature is lowered and correlations develop, Ho2Sn2O7 enters its quantum phase at a slightly higher temperature than Ho2Ti2O7 and is more antiferromagnetic in character. Below 80 K a weak inelastic mode associated with the holmium nuclear spin system has been measured. The hyperfine field at the holmium nucleus was found to be approximate to 700 T.
C1 [Ehlers, G.; Huq, A.; Diallo, S. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Adriano, C.; Pagliuso, P. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Rule, K. C.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
[Cornelius, A. L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Fouquet, P.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
[Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ehlers, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM ehlersg@ornl.gov
RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Gardner,
Jason/A-1532-2013; Fouquet, Peter/B-5212-2008; Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013;
Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016; Inst. of
Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017
OI Fouquet, Peter/0000-0002-5542-0059; Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649;
Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Diallo,
Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391;
FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US
Department of Energy
FX The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron
Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The authors are
grateful to the local support staff at the SNS and at the ILL.
NR 55
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 24
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD FEB 22
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 7
AR 076005
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/7/076005
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 893XH
UT WOS:000300390500022
PM 22293128
ER
PT J
AU Miles, NL
Richardson, SJ
Davis, KJ
Lauvaux, T
Andrews, AE
West, TO
Bandaru, V
Crosson, ER
AF Miles, Natasha L.
Richardson, Scott J.
Davis, Kenneth J.
Lauvaux, Thomas
Andrews, Arlyn E.
West, Tristram O.
Bandaru, Varaprasad
Crosson, Eric R.
TI Large amplitude spatial and temporal gradients in atmospheric boundary
layer CO2 mole fractions detected with a tower-based network in the U.S.
upper Midwest
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID REGIONAL CARBON EXCHANGE; UNITED-STATES; TALL TOWER; GREENHOUSE GASES;
DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; FLUXES; RESOLUTION; SINKS; MODIS; STRATEGIES
AB This study presents observations of atmospheric boundary layer CO2 mole fraction from a nine-tower regional network deployed during the North American Carbon Program's Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI) during 2007-2009. The MCI region is largely agricultural, with well-documented carbon exchange available via agricultural inventories. By combining vegetation maps and tower footprints, we show the fractional influence of corn, soy, grass, and forest biomes varies widely across the MCI. Differences in the magnitude of CO2 flux from each of these biomes lead to large spatial gradients in the monthly averaged CO2 mole fraction observed in the MCI. In other words, the monthly averaged gradients are tied to regional patterns in net ecosystem exchange (NEE). The daily scale gradients are more weakly connected to regional NEE, instead being governed by local weather and large-scale weather patterns. With this network of tower-based mole fraction measurements, we detect climate-driven interannual changes in crop growth that are confirmed by satellite and inventory methods. These observations show that regional-scale CO2 mole fraction networks yield large, coherent signals governed largely by regional sources and sinks of CO2.
C1 [Miles, Natasha L.; Richardson, Scott J.; Davis, Kenneth J.; Lauvaux, Thomas] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Andrews, Arlyn E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[West, Tristram O.; Bandaru, Varaprasad] Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Crosson, Eric R.] Picarro Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.
RP Miles, NL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM nmiles@met.psu.edu
RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013;
OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Lauvaux, Thomas/0000-0002-7697-742X
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science TCP [DE-FG02-06ER64315];
U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Global Programs
[NA08OAR4310533]; NASA Earth Sciences Division
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the tower owners for allowing tower
access and for on-site help; without their cooperation this work would
not have been possible. We thank T. Griffis (University of Minnesota)
for providing Rosemount CO2 mole fraction and flux data. We
recognize P. Tans (NOAA-ESRL) for providing globally averaged data and
C. Sweeney (NOAA-ESRL) for providing West Branch aircraft data. We thank
A. Schuh (Colorado State University) for providing biome maps. For
eddy-covariance flux data we acknowledge A. Suyker and S. Verma
(University of Nebraska at Lincoln) for Mead, R. Matamala (Argonne
National Laboratory) for Fermi and Brookings, and L. Gu (Oak Ridge
National Laboratory) for Missouri Ozarks. This research was sponsored by
the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science TCP Program
(DE-FG02-06ER64315) and by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Office
of Global Programs (NA08OAR4310533). Processing of MODIS NDVI was
sponsored by the NASA Earth Sciences Division. MCI tower data are
available online at http://www.ring2.psu.edu.
NR 56
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-8953
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD FEB 21
PY 2012
VL 117
AR G01019
DI 10.1029/2011JG001781
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 899EH
UT WOS:000300797600002
ER
PT J
AU Coddington, O
Pilewskie, P
Vukicevic, T
AF Coddington, Odele
Pilewskie, Peter
Vukicevic, Tomislava
TI The Shannon information content of hyperspectral shortwave cloud albedo
measurements: Quantification and practical applications
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTY RETRIEVALS; INFRARED RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS;
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; GLOBAL OCEANS; ALGORITHM;
RADIOMETER; MODEL
AB The Shannon information content provides an objective measure of the information in a data set. In this paper, we quantify the information content of hyperspectral liquid water cloud measurements over a spectral range (300-2500 nm) representing approximately 95% of the total energy in the solar spectrum. We also use the Shannon information content to analyze the cloud retrieval wavelengths and weightings used by the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) and to determine the cumulative information in the SSFR retrieval. These applications illustrate the utility of the Shannon information content in guiding the effective processing of hyperspectral data. Such efficiency is of growing importance considering the push toward spectrally resolved satellite measurements of reflected solar irradiance used to study climate.
C1 [Coddington, Odele; Pilewskie, Peter] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Vukicevic, Tomislava] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Coddington, O (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM odele.coddington@lasp.colorado.edu
RI Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012; Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014;
Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015
OI Coddington, Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028;
FU NASA [NNX08AI83G]
FX We gratefully acknowledge three anonymous reviewers whose detailed and
thoughtful comments and suggestions improved this paper considerably.
This work was supported by NASA under award NNX08AI83G.
NR 30
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 21
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D04205
DI 10.1029/2011JD016771
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 899DS
UT WOS:000300796000004
ER
PT J
AU Helmig, D
Lang, EK
Bariteau, L
Boylan, P
Fairall, CW
Ganzeveld, L
Hare, JE
Hueber, J
Pallandt, M
AF Helmig, D.
Lang, E. K.
Bariteau, L.
Boylan, P.
Fairall, C. W.
Ganzeveld, L.
Hare, J. E.
Hueber, J.
Pallandt, M.
TI Atmosphere-ocean ozone fluxes during the TexAQS 2006, STRATUS 2006,
GOMECC 2007, GasEx 2008, and AMMA 2008 cruises
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRY DEPOSITION; SURFACE; ATLANTIC; IODINE; WATER;
COASTAL; PARAMETERIZATION; ENHANCEMENT; CHEMISTRY
AB A ship-based eddy covariance ozone flux system was deployed to investigate the magnitude and variability of ozone surface fluxes over the open ocean. The flux experiments were conducted on five cruises on board the NOAA research vessel Ronald Brown during 2006-2008. The cruises covered the Gulf of Mexico, the southern as well as northern Atlantic, the Southern Ocean, and the persistent stratus cloud region off Chile in the eastern Pacific Ocean. These experiments resulted in the first ship-borne open-ocean ozone flux measurement records. The median of 10 min oceanic ozone deposition velocity (v(d)) results from a combined similar to 1700 h of observations ranged from 0.009 to 0.034 cm s(-1). For the Gulf of Mexico cruise (Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS)) the median v(d) (interquartile range) was 0.034 (0.009-0.065) cm s(-1) (total number of 10 min measurement intervals, N-f = 1953). For the STRATUS cruise off the Chilean coast, the median v(d) was 0.009 (0.004-0.037) cm s(-1) (N-f = 1336). For the cruise from the Gulf of Mexico and up the eastern U. S. coast (Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise (GOMECC)) a combined value of 0.018 (0.006-0.045) cm s(-1) (N-f = 1784) was obtained (from 0.019 (-0.014-0.043) cm s(-1), N-f = 663 in the Gulf of Mexico, and 0.018 (-0.004-0.045) cm s(-1), N-f = 1121 in the North Atlantic region). The Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (GasEx) and African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA), the Southern Ocean and northeastern Atlantic cruises, respectively, resulted in median ozone v(d) of 0.009 (-0.005-0.026) cm s(-1) (N-f = 2745) and 0.020 (-0.003-0.044) cms(-1) (N-f = 1147). These directly measured ozone deposition values are at the lower end of previously reported data in the literature (0.01-0.12 cm s(-1)) for ocean water. Data illustrate a positive correlation (increase) of the oceanic ozone uptake rate with wind speed, albeit the behavior of the relationship appears to differ during these cruises. The encountered wide range of meteorological and ocean biogeochemical conditions is used to investigate fundamental drivers of oceanic O-3 deposition and for the evaluation of a recently developed global oceanic O-3 deposition modeling system.
C1 [Helmig, D.; Lang, E. K.; Boylan, P.; Hueber, J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bariteau, L.; Fairall, C. W.; Hare, J. E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Ganzeveld, L.; Pallandt, M.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Bariteau, L.; Hare, J. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Detlev.Helmig@Colorado.edu
RI Boylan, Patrick/A-5289-2010
OI Boylan, Patrick/0000-0002-9617-6240
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [BE-IDEA 0410058]; NOAA
[NA07OAR4310168]
FX This research was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation,
Interdisciplinary Biocomplexity in the Environment Program, project
BE-IDEA 0410058, and by a grant from NOAA's Climate and Global Change
Program, NA07OAR4310168. We thank Joseph Salisbury, University of New
Hampshire, for making available the GOMECC chlorophyll data.
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 21
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D04305
DI 10.1029/2011JD015955
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 899DS
UT WOS:000300796000001
ER
PT J
AU Olson, R
Sriver, R
Goes, M
Urban, NM
Matthews, HD
Haran, M
Keller, K
AF Olson, Roman
Sriver, Ryan
Goes, Marlos
Urban, Nathan M.
Matthews, H. Damon
Haran, Murali
Keller, Klaus
TI A climate sensitivity estimate using Bayesian fusion of instrumental
observations and an Earth System model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE AEROSOLS; CARBON-CYCLE; FUTURE;
CIRCULATION; OCEAN; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; PROJECTIONS; SCENARIOS
AB Current climate model projections are uncertain. This uncertainty is partly driven by the uncertainty in key model parameters such as climate sensitivity (CS), vertical ocean diffusivity (K-v), and strength of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol forcing. These parameters are commonly estimated using ensembles of model runs constrained by observations. Here we obtain a probability density function (pdf) of these parameters using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM) - an intermediate complexity model with a dynamic three-dimensional ocean. Specifically, we run an ensemble of UVic ESCM runs varying parameters that affect CS, ocean vertical diffusion, and the effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. We use a statistical emulator that interpolates the UVic ESCM output to parameter settings where the model was not evaluated. We adopt a Bayesian approach to constrain the model output with instrumental surface temperature and ocean heat observations. Our approach accounts for the uncertainties in the properties of model-data residuals. We use a Markov chain Monte Carlo method to obtain a posterior pdf of these parameters. The mode of the climate sensitivity estimate is 2.8 degrees C, with the corresponding 95% credible interval ranging from 1.8 to 4.9 degrees C. These results are generally consistent with previous studies. The CS pdf is sensitive to the assumptions about the priors, to the effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, and to the background vertical ocean diffusivity. Our method can be used with more complex climate models.
C1 [Olson, Roman; Sriver, Ryan; Keller, Klaus] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Goes, Marlos] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Haran, Murali] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Matthews, H. Damon] Concordia Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Environm, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
[Urban, Nathan M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy Secur Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Goes, Marlos] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Urban, Nathan M.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Keller, Klaus] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Olson, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 411 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM rzt2-wrk@psu.edu
RI Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Keller, Klaus/A-6742-2013
OI Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079;
FU NSF; USGS; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences
(CFCAS) [GR-7059]
FX We thank Michael Eby and other UVic ESCM model developers for providing
the model and for helpful discussions. Very productive and
thought-provoking discussions with David Pollard, Sham Bhat, Andreas
Schmittner, and Chris Forest are gratefully acknowledged. This work
would not have been possible without the contributions from scientists
who compiled the data sets utilized in this study, and who helped to
build and refine the UVic ESCM model. We thank two anonymous reviewers
and K. Tanaka for very insightful and helpful reviews of the manuscript.
This work was partially supported by NSF and USGS, as well as by the
Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS
GR-7059). All errors, views, and opinions are solely those of the
authors.
NR 58
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 21
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D04103
DI 10.1029/2011JD016620
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 899DS
UT WOS:000300796000003
ER
PT J
AU Petron, G
Frost, G
Miller, BR
Hirsch, AI
Montzka, SA
Karion, A
Trainer, M
Sweeney, C
Andrews, AE
Miller, L
Kofler, J
Bar-Ilan, A
Dlugokencky, EJ
Patrick, L
Moore, CT
Ryerson, TB
Siso, C
Kolodzey, W
Lang, PM
Conway, T
Novelli, P
Masarie, K
Hall, B
Guenther, D
Kitzis, D
Miller, J
Welsh, D
Wolfe, D
Neff, W
Tans, P
AF Petron, Gabrielle
Frost, Gregory
Miller, Benjamin R.
Hirsch, Adam I.
Montzka, Stephen A.
Karion, Anna
Trainer, Michael
Sweeney, Colm
Andrews, Arlyn E.
Miller, Lloyd
Kofler, Jonathan
Bar-Ilan, Amnon
Dlugokencky, Ed J.
Patrick, Laura
Moore, Charles T., Jr.
Ryerson, Thomas B.
Siso, Carolina
Kolodzey, William
Lang, Patricia M.
Conway, Thomas
Novelli, Paul
Masarie, Kenneth
Hall, Bradley
Guenther, Douglas
Kitzis, Duane
Miller, John
Welsh, David
Wolfe, Dan
Neff, William
Tans, Pieter
TI Hydrocarbon emissions characterization in the Colorado Front Range: A
pilot study
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; METHANE; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE;
GASOLINE; BENZENE; RATIOS; OZONE; SCALE
AB The multispecies analysis of daily air samples collected at the NOAA Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Weld County in northeastern Colorado since 2007 shows highly correlated alkane enhancements caused by a regionally distributed mix of sources in the Denver-Julesburg Basin. To further characterize the emissions of methane and non-methane hydrocarbons (propane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-pentane and benzene) around BAO, a pilot study involving automobile-based surveys was carried out during the summer of 2008. A mix of venting emissions (leaks) of raw natural gas and flashing emissions from condensate storage tanks can explain the alkane ratios we observe in air masses impacted by oil and gas operations in northeastern Colorado. Using the WRAP Phase III inventory of total volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from oil and gas exploration, production and processing, together with flashing and venting emission speciation profiles provided by State agencies or the oil and gas industry, we derive a range of bottom-up speciated emissions for Weld County in 2008. We use the observed ambient molar ratios and flashing and venting emissions data to calculate top-down scenarios for the amount of natural gas leaked to the atmosphere and the associated methane and non-methane emissions. Our analysis suggests that the emissions of the species we measured are most likely underestimated in current inventories and that the uncertainties attached to these estimates can be as high as a factor of two.
C1 [Petron, Gabrielle; Frost, Gregory; Miller, Benjamin R.; Hirsch, Adam I.; Montzka, Stephen A.; Karion, Anna; Trainer, Michael; Sweeney, Colm; Andrews, Arlyn E.; Kofler, Jonathan; Dlugokencky, Ed J.; Patrick, Laura; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Siso, Carolina; Lang, Patricia M.; Conway, Thomas; Novelli, Paul; Masarie, Kenneth; Hall, Bradley; Guenther, Douglas; Kitzis, Duane; Miller, John; Welsh, David; Wolfe, Dan; Neff, William; Tans, Pieter] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Petron, Gabrielle; Frost, Gregory; Miller, Benjamin R.; Hirsch, Adam I.; Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Kofler, Jonathan; Patrick, Laura; Siso, Carolina; Guenther, Douglas; Kitzis, Duane; Miller, John; Welsh, David] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Miller, Lloyd] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bar-Ilan, Amnon] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA 94998 USA.
[Moore, Charles T., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Western Reg Air Partnership Western Governors Ass, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Kolodzey, William] Clemson Univ, Holcombe Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Petron, G (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, R GMD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM gabrielle.petron@noaa.gov
RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson,
Tom/C-9611-2009; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Montzka,
Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400
NR 40
TC 155
Z9 159
U1 8
U2 184
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 21
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D04304
DI 10.1029/2011JD016360
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 899DS
UT WOS:000300796000002
ER
PT J
AU Takei, S
Lin, CH
Anderson, BM
Galitski, V
AF Takei, So
Lin, Chien-Hung
Anderson, Brandon M.
Galitski, Victor
TI Low-density molecular gas of tightly bound Rashba-Dresselhaus fermions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; COLLISIONS;
RESONANCES; EMERGENCE
AB We study interacting Rashba-Dresselhaus fermions in two spatial dimensions. First, we present an exact solution to the two-particle bound-state problem of spin-orbit (SO)-coupled fermions for arbitrary Rashba and Dresselhaus SO interactions. An exact molecular-wave function and the Green's function are derived explicitly along with the binding energy and the spectrum of the molecular state. In the second part, we consider a thermal Boltzmann gas of fermionic molecules and compute the time-of-flight (TOF) velocity and spin distributions for a single fermion in the gas. We show that the signatures of the bound state can be observed already in the first-moment expectation values, such as TOF density and spin profiles.
C1 [Takei, So; Lin, Chien-Hung; Galitski, Victor] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Anderson, Brandon M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Galitski, Victor] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Takei, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Anderson, Brandon/H-4196-2013
OI Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902
FU US-ARO; ARO-JQI-MURI; ARO-DARPA-OLE; NSF-JQI-PFC
FX V.G. would like to thank P. Bedaque for discussions, and S. T. thanks
Benjamin M. Fregoso and Jason P. Kestner for valuable discussions. This
research was supported by the US-ARO (S. T. and V. G.), ARO-JQI-MURI (B.
M. A. and C.-H.L.), ARO-DARPA-OLE (C.-H.L.), and NSF-JQI-PFC (C.-H.L.).
NR 65
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB 21
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
AR 023626
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.023626
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 896KK
UT WOS:000300564500024
ER
PT J
AU Fiore, JL
Holmstrom, ED
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Fiore, Julie L.
Holmstrom, Erik D.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Entropic origin of Mg2+-facilitated RNA folding
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-MOLECULE FRET; GAAA TETRALOOP; TERTIARY STRUCTURE;
TRANSITION-STATE; TETRAHYMENA RIBOZYME; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MG2+
CONCENTRATION; CONTACT FORMATION; HAIRPIN RIBOZYME; HELICAL PACKING
AB Mg2+ is essential for the proper folding and function of RNA, though the effect of Mg2+ concentration on the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy landscapes of RNA folding is unknown. This work exploits temperature-controlled single-molecule FRET methods to address the thermodynamics of RNA folding pathways by probing the intramolecular docking/undocking kinetics of the ubiquitous GAAA tetraloop-receptor tertiary interaction as a function of [Mg2+]. These measurements yield the barrier and standard state enthalpies, entropies, and free energies for an RNA tertiary transition, in particular, revealing the thermodynamic origin of [Mg2+]-facilitated folding. Surprisingly, these studies reveal that increasing [Mg2+] promotes tetraloop-receptor interaction by reducing the entropic barrier (-T Delta S-dock(double dagger)) and the overall entropic penalty (-T Delta S degrees(dock)) for docking, with essentially negligible effects on both the activation enthalpy (Delta H-dock(double dagger)) and overall exothermicity (Delta H degrees(dock)). These observations contrast with the conventional notion that increasing [Mg2+] facilitates folding by minimizing electrostatic repulsion of opposing RNA helices, which would incorrectly predict a decrease in Delta H-dock(double dagger) and Delta H degrees(dock) with [Mg2+]. Instead we propose that higher [Mg2+] can aid RNA folding by decreasing the entropic penalty of counterion uptake and by reducing disorder of the unfolded conformational ensemble.
C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Standards and
Technology; W. M. Keck Foundation Initiative in RNA Sciences at the
University of Colorado at Boulder; NSF; National Institutes of
Health/University of Colorado [T32 GM-065103]
FX We thank Drs. Samuel Butcher and J.T. Hynes for helpful discussions and
Drs. Arthur Pardi and Christopher Downey for design and preparation of
the RNA constructs. This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation (NSF), National Institute of Standards and Technology, and
the W. M. Keck Foundation Initiative in RNA Sciences at the University
of Colorado at Boulder. J.L.F. was supported in part by the Optical
Science and Engineering Program NSF Integrative Graduate Education
Research Traineeship. J.L.F and E.D.H were supported in part by the
National Institutes of Health/University of Colorado Biophysics Training
Grant (T32 GM-065103).
NR 55
TC 23
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U1 1
U2 21
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD FEB 21
PY 2012
VL 109
IS 8
BP 2902
EP 2907
DI 10.1073/pnas.1114859109
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 895KM
UT WOS:000300495100050
PM 22308376
ER
PT J
AU Curry, JJ
Estupinan, EG
Lapatovich, WP
Henins, A
Shastri, SD
Hardis, JE
AF Curry, J. J.
Estupinan, E. G.
Lapatovich, W. P.
Henins, A.
Shastri, S. D.
Hardis, J. E.
TI Observation of vapor pressure enhancement of rare-earth metal-halide
salts in the temperature range relevant to metal-halide lamps
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Total vapor-phase densities of Dy in equilibrium with a DyI3/InI condensate and Tm in equilibrium with a TmI3/TII condensate have been measured for temperatures between 900 K and 1400 K. The measurements show strong enhancements in rare-earth vapor densities compared to vapors in equilibrium with the pure rare-earth metal-halides. The measurements were made with x-ray induced fluorescence on the sector 1-ID beam line at the Advanced Photon Source. The temperature range and salt mixtures are relevant to the operation of metal-halide high-intensity discharge lamps. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3687171]
C1 [Curry, J. J.; Henins, A.; Hardis, J. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Estupinan, E. G.] Osram Sylvania Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA.
[Shastri, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jjcurry@nist.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; management of Osram Sylvania
FX The authors thank the management of Osram Sylvania for supporting this
project and our colleagues Joanne Browne, Victor Perez, Jeff Neil,
Michael Quilici, and John Kelso for their expert technical assistance.
Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 20
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 8
AR 083505
DI 10.1063/1.3687171
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 898BU
UT WOS:000300711200064
ER
PT J
AU Vissers, MR
Kline, JS
Gao, JS
Wisbey, DS
Pappas, DP
AF Vissers, Michael R.
Kline, Jeffrey S.
Gao, Jiansong
Wisbey, David S.
Pappas, David P.
TI Reduced microwave loss in trenched superconducting coplanar waveguides
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Reducing the contribution of all sources of microwave loss is important for increasing coherence times in superconducting qubits. In this paper we investigate reducing the loss by systematically removing Si substrate material from the gap region in titanium nitride coplanar waveguides fabricated on intrinsic Si substrates. By exploiting the radial dependence of the etch rate in a parallel plate reactive ion etcher, otherwise identical coplanar waveguides with only the Si gaps etched to varying depth, i.e., trenched, were created in a single TiN film within a single processing step. Measurements at these multiple depths permit the study of the loss reduction in isolation to the unintentional effects caused by any single processing step. When comparing the loss from all trench depths we found that the high power loss was similar, but in the single photon limit the loss was reduced by a factor of two for deeper trenches in agreement with predictions from finite element analysis. [doi:10.1063/1.3683552]
C1 [Vissers, Michael R.; Kline, Jeffrey S.; Gao, Jiansong; Wisbey, David S.; Pappas, David P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Vissers, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM michael.vissers@nist.gov; david.pappas@nist.gov
FU BBN; NIST Quantum Initiative
FX This work was funded in part in collaboration with BBN and the NIST
Quantum Initiative. The authors would like to acknowledge helpful
discussions with Jonas Zmuidzinas and collaborators at JPL.
NR 16
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 20
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 8
AR 082602
DI 10.1063/1.3683552
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 898BU
UT WOS:000300711200038
ER
PT J
AU Wong-Ng, W
Joress, H
Martin, J
Zavalij, PY
Yan, Y
Yang, J
AF Wong-Ng, W.
Joress, H.
Martin, J.
Zavalij, P. Y.
Yan, Y.
Yang, J.
TI Thermoelectric properties and structural variations in Bi2Te3-xSx
crystals
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BISMUTH
AB We report the application of a custom-designed, non-destructive Seebeck coefficient screening technique, in combination with x-ray diffraction and Hall measurements, to characterize the effect of S substitution on n-type Bi2Te3-xSx single crystals. The results elucidate the detailed distribution of Te/S in the Bi2Te3-xSx crystals, including the preferred substitution site, to correlate the compositional gradient with the transport properties in different locations on the same crystal. As the S substitution increases, the carrier concentration increases, and the absolute Seebeck coefficient decreases. The observed trends in the transport properties and the compositional variations are consistent with a narrow gap semiconductor model. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3688485]
C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Joress, H.; Martin, J.; Yan, Y.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wong-Ng, W.; Joress, H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Zavalij, P. Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Yang, J.] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; Yang, Jihui/A-3109-2009; Joress,
Howie/B-5061-2014
OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Joress, Howie/0000-0002-6552-2972
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 35
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 20
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 8
AR 082107
DI 10.1063/1.3688485
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 898BU
UT WOS:000300711200026
ER
PT J
AU Cerutti, B
Uzdensky, DA
Begelman, MC
AF Cerutti, Benoit
Uzdensky, Dmitri A.
Begelman, Mitchell C.
TI EXTREME PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN MAGNETIC RECONNECTION LAYERS:
APPLICATION TO THE GAMMA-RAY FLARES IN THE CRAB NEBULA
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE acceleration of particles; gamma rays: stars; ISM: individual objects
(Crab Nebula); magnetic reconnection; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
ID STRIPED PULSAR WIND; FAST TEV VARIABILITY; TERMINATION SHOCK; CURRENT
SHEET; PAIR PLASMAS; EMISSION; MODEL; FIELD; SYNCHROTRON; MECHANISM
AB The gamma-ray space telescopes AGILE and Fermi detected short and bright synchrotron gamma-ray flares at photon energies above 100 MeV in the Crab Nebula. This discovery suggests that electron-positron pairs in the nebula are accelerated to PeV energies in a milligauss magnetic field, which is difficult to explain with classical models of particle acceleration and pulsar wind nebulae. We investigate whether particle acceleration in a magnetic reconnection layer can account for the puzzling properties of the flares. We numerically integrate relativistic test-particle orbits in the vicinity of the layer, including the radiation reaction force, and using analytical expressions for the large-scale electromagnetic fields. As they get accelerated by the reconnection electric field, the particles are focused deep inside the current layer where the magnetic field is small. The electrons suffer less from synchrotron losses and are accelerated to extremely high energies. Population studies show that, at the end of the layer, the particle distribution piles up at the maximum energy given by the electric potential drop and is focused into a thin fan beam. Applying this model to the Crab Nebula, we find that the emerging synchrotron emission spectrum peaks above 100 MeV and is close to the spectral shape of a single electron. The flare inverse Compton emission is negligible and no detectable emission is expected at other wavelengths. This mechanism provides a plausible explanation for the gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula and could be at work in other astrophysical objects such as relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei.
C1 [Cerutti, Benoit; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, CIPS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Cerutti, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, CIPS, UCB 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM benoit.cerutti@colorado.edu; uzdensky@colorado.edu;
mitch@jila.colorado.edu
OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X
FU NSF [PHY-0903851, AST-0907872]; NASA [NNX09AG02G]
FX The authors thank J. G. Kirk for discussions about the radiation
reaction force, R. D. Blandford and R. Buehler for valuable discussions
regarding the Crab gamma-ray flares, and K. Nalewajko, M. Yamada, and
the referee for their comments. This work was supported by NSF grants
PHY-0903851 and AST-0907872 and NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant
NNX09AG02G.
NR 80
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 10
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD FEB 20
PY 2012
VL 746
IS 2
AR 148
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/148
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 894DD
UT WOS:000300406300034
ER
PT J
AU Castro, SL
Wick, GA
Emery, WJ
AF Castro, Sandra L.
Wick, Gary A.
Emery, William J.
TI Evaluation of the relative performance of sea surface temperature
measurements from different types of drifting and moored buoys using
satellite-derived reference products
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID CIRCULATION; ACCURACY; SYSTEM; MAINE
AB Sea surface temperature (SST) measurements from drifting and moored buoys have been used extensively to validate satellite SST products. Previous efforts explored overall uncertainties in the buoy measurements, but did not quantify differences in the performance of different buoy types. Here, drifting and moored buoys stratified into open-ocean and coastal, were evaluated by manufacturer (drifters) and buoy program (moorings) to identify significant deviations in their suitability for satellite validation. Biases and standard deviations were computed for differences between the buoy SST measurements and two satellite references: the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer SST product from Remote Sensing Systems and the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office K10 analysis. No significant differences were found among the various drifting and tropical moored buoys, regardless of the manufacturer/program. The largest deviations were observed for the non-tropical moored buoys possibly in part due to calibration differences. In general, coastal buoys exhibited greater standard deviations associated with increased physical variability within the coastal regions. Tropical moored buoys showed smaller standard deviations than for the drifters resulting from better quality measurements or reduced variability in the tropics. Large deviations between the coastal moorings and the SST references appeared linked to coastal currents with upwelling, rather than buoy performance. Coastal moorings provided sampling of small-scale coastal variability, not resolved in satellite products, offering the potential for improving poorly parameterized coastal SSTs. Differences due to diurnal warming were largely eliminated by constraining collocations between the satellite and the buoy to +/- 1 h. Overall, most buoy types appear suitable for satellite SST validation.
C1 [Castro, Sandra L.; Emery, William J.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Castro, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sandrac@colorado.edu
OI Emery, William/0000-0002-7598-9082
FU NASA; Naval Research Laboratory
FX This research has been conducted with the support of funds from the NASA
Physical Oceanography Program (E. Lindstrom) and the Naval Research
Laboratory (C. Rowley). We thank NAVOCEANO (B. McKenzie) for providing
the K10 SST data and Robert Weller for useful discussions. The AMSR-E
data were made available by Remote Sensing Systems.
NR 21
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD FEB 18
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C02029
DI 10.1029/2011JC007472
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 899OO
UT WOS:000300825800003
ER
PT J
AU Troy, CD
Ahmed, S
Hawley, N
Goodwell, A
AF Troy, Cary D.
Ahmed, Sultan
Hawley, Nathan
Goodwell, Allison
TI Cross-shelf thermal variability in southern Lake Michigan during the
stratified periods
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID COASTAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; DOWNWELLING EVENTS; INTERNAL WAVES; GREAT-LAKES;
ONTARIO; HYDRODYNAMICS; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSPORT; ABUNDANCE; NEARSHORE
AB Results from a field experiment in southern Lake Michigan are used to quantify the cross-shelf nearshore variability in Great Lakes temperatures during the stratified season. The experiment was conducted along the Indiana coast of southern Lake Michigan, with temperature and velocity moorings arranged in a cross-shelf transect that extended to approximately 20 km from shore (40 m depth). The field site is noteworthy because of its location at the end of a major axis of an elliptical Great Lake, the relatively mild bathymetric slope, and local shoreline orientation that is perpendicular relative to the dominant summer winds. Measurements demonstrate that the location of the thermocline-bottom intersection is highly variable, causing a wide zone of extreme thermal variability in the nearshore region with time scales of variability ranging from hours to months. Near-inertial internal Poincare waves are shown to cause large thermocline excursions but primarily only during periods of elevated activity. Several full upwelling events were observed, but in general, they were brief, lasting only 1-2 days, and had very limited spatial extent (2.5 km or less). Nonetheless, the offshore extent of the upwelling front was shown to be reasonably estimated with a simple estimate of the cross-shelf transport caused by alongshore wind events. A persistent feature that determined the zone of elevated thermal variability (the thermocline-shelf intersection point) was the strongly tilted thermocline, which resulted in the thermocline being located very close to shore. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that internal Kelvin waves affect thermal variability at the study location.
C1 [Troy, Cary D.; Ahmed, Sultan] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Hawley, Nathan] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Goodwell, Allison] Univ Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Troy, CD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM troy@purdue.edu
OI Goodwell, Allison/0000-0001-9351-557X
FU Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Physical Oceanography Division
of the National Science Foundation [OCE-1030842]
FX The authors wish to thank the crew of the NOAA GLERL R/V Laurentian for
their help with mooring deployment and recovery. Tsung-Chan Hsieh, John
Newton, and Mallory Barkdull provided helpful assistance with instrument
programming and servicing. This work was supported by the Lake Michigan
Coastal Program of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources and by
the Physical Oceanography Division of the National Science Foundation,
grant OCE-1030842. This is GLERL contribution 1615.
NR 38
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD FEB 18
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C02028
DI 10.1029/2011JC007148
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 899OO
UT WOS:000300825800002
ER
PT J
AU Timmers, MA
Bird, CE
Skillings, DJ
Smouse, PE
Toonen, RJ
AF Timmers, Molly A.
Bird, Christopher E.
Skillings, Derek J.
Smouse, Peter E.
Toonen, Robert J.
TI There's No Place Like Home: Crown-of-Thorns Outbreaks in the Central
Pacific Are Regionally Derived and Independent Events
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID STARFISH ACANTHASTER-PLANCI; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LIMPETS CELLANA SPP.;
GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CORAL-REEFS; HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO;
POPULATION-GENETICS; FEEDING PREFERENCES; HERBIVOROUS FISHES; SEQUENCE
ALIGNMENT
AB One of the most significant biological disturbances on a tropical coral reef is a population outbreak of the fecund, corallivorous crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci. Although the factors that trigger an initial outbreak may vary, successive outbreaks within and across regions are assumed to spread via the planktonic larvae released from a primary outbreak. This secondary outbreak hypothesis is predominantly based on the high dispersal potential of A. planci and the assertion that outbreak populations (a rogue subset of the larger population) are genetically more similar to each other than they are to low-density non-outbreak populations. Here we use molecular techniques to evaluate the spatial scale at which A. planci outbreaks can propagate via larval dispersal in the central Pacific Ocean by inferring the location and severity of gene flow restrictions from the analysis of mtDNA control region sequence (656 specimens, 17 non-outbreak and six outbreak locations, six archipelagos, and three regions). Substantial regional, archipelagic, and subarchipelagic-scale genetic structuring of A. planci populations indicate that larvae rarely realize their dispersal potential and outbreaks in the central Pacific do not spread across the expanses of open ocean. On a finer scale, genetic partitioning was detected within two of three islands with multiple sampling sites. The finest spatial structure was detected at Pearl & Hermes Atoll, between the lagoon and forereef habitats (<10 km). Despite using a genetic marker capable of revealing subtle partitioning, we found no evidence that outbreaks were a rogue genetic subset of a greater population. Overall, outbreaks that occur at similar times across population partitions are genetically independent and likely due to nutrient inputs and similar climatic and ecological conditions that conspire to fuel plankton blooms.
C1 [Timmers, Molly A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Fisheries, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Bird, Christopher E.; Skillings, Derek J.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI USA.
[Skillings, Derek J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Smouse, Peter E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
RP Timmers, MA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Fisheries, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
EM molly.timmers@noaa.gov
RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012
OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340
FU Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) Research
Enhancement Activities Program (REAP); National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration; National Science Foundation (OCE) [06-23678]; National
Marine Sanctuaries CRER-HIMB [MOA-2005-008/6882]; Sigma-Xi; United
States Department of Agriculture; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment
Station [17111]; NSF, Division of Environmental Biology [0514956]
FX This work was funded by Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research (EPSCoR) Research Enhancement Activities Program (REAP), the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science
Foundation (OCE #06-23678), the National Marine Sanctuaries CRER-HIMB
partnership (MOA-2005-008/6882), and a Sigma-Xi Grant-in-Aid research
scholarship. Dr. Smouse was supported by United States Department of
Agriculture and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 17111,
and the NSF, Division of Environmental Biology 0514956. The funders had
no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 87
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 66
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD FEB 17
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 2
AR e31159
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031159
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 926TC
UT WOS:000302853600118
PM 22363570
ER
PT J
AU Lin, MY
Fiore, AM
Horowitz, LW
Cooper, OR
Naik, V
Holloway, J
Johnson, BJ
Middlebrook, AM
Oltmans, SJ
Pollack, IB
Ryerson, TB
Warner, JX
Wiedinmyer, C
Wilson, J
Wyman, B
AF Lin, Meiyun
Fiore, Arlene M.
Horowitz, Larry W.
Cooper, Owen R.
Naik, Vaishali
Holloway, John
Johnson, Bryan J.
Middlebrook, Ann M.
Oltmans, Samuel J.
Pollack, Ilana B.
Ryerson, Tomas B.
Warner, Juying X.
Wiedinmyer, Christine
Wilson, John
Wyman, Bruce
TI Transport of Asian ozone pollution into surface air over the western
United States in spring
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; LOW-LEVEL JET; NORTH-AMERICA; BACKGROUND
OZONE; EAST-ASIA; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; INTEX-B;
SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED SOUNDER; CALIFORNIA COAST
AB Many prior studies clearly document episodic Asian pollution in the western U. S. free troposphere. Here, we examine the mechanisms involved in the transport of Asian pollution plumes into western U. S. surface air through an integrated analysis of in situ and satellite measurements in May-June 2010 with a new global high-resolution (similar to 50 x 50 km(2)) chemistry-climate model (GFDL AM3). We find that AM3 with full stratosphere-troposphere chemistry nudged to reanalysis winds successfully reproduces observed sharp ozone gradients above California, including the interleaving and mixing of Asian pollution and stratospheric air associated with complex interactions of midlatitude cyclone air streams. Asian pollution descends isentropically behind cold fronts; at similar to 800 hPa a maximum enhancement to ozone occurs over the southwestern U. S., including the densely populated Los Angeles Basin. During strong episodes, Asian emissions can contribute 8-15 ppbv ozone in the model on days when observed daily maximum 8-h average ozone (MDA8 O-3) exceeds 60 ppbv. We find that in the absence of Asian anthropogenic emissions, 20% of MDA8 O-3 exceedances of 60 ppbv in the model would not have occurred in the southwestern USA. For a 75 ppbv threshold, that statistic increases to 53%. Our analysis indicates the potential for Asian emissions to contribute to high-O-3 episodes over the high-elevation western USA, with implications for attaining more stringent ozone standards in this region. We further demonstrate a proof-of-concept approach using satellite CO column measurements as a qualitative early warning indicator to forecast Asian ozone pollution events in the western U. S. with lead times of 1-3 days.
C1 [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Naik, Vaishali] High Performance Technol Inc, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Cooper, Owen R.; Oltmans, Samuel J.; Pollack, Ilana B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cooper, Owen R.; Holloway, John; Johnson, Bryan J.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Tomas B.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Warner, Juying X.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Wiedinmyer, Christine] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Lin, MY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM meiyunl@princeton.edu
RI Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Holloway,
John/F-9911-2012; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013;
Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik,
Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Holloway,
John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700;
FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS); Princeton University;
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL); NASA Air Quality
Applied Science Team (AQAST) [NNH09ZDA001N]; NOAA ESRL; NASA; U.S. Navy,
Environment Canada; NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability
FX This work is supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science
(CICS), a collaboration between Princeton University and NOAA
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The satellite data
analysis is funded by the NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST)
(NNH09ZDA001N). Funding for the IONS-2010 field campaign was provided by
NOAA ESRL Health of the Atmosphere Program, NASA Tropospheric Chemistry
Program, U.S. Navy, Environment Canada, and NOAA's National Air Quality
Forecast Capability. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric
NO2 column data from the SCIAMACHY sensor from www.tenis.nl
and Bahreini Roya at NOAA ESRL for help collecting the AMS aerosol
measurements onboard the WP-3D aircraft. We are grateful to Songmiao Fan
and Hiram Levy II at NOAA GFDL and Pat Dolwick at EPA for helpful
comments in improving an earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 116
TC 95
Z9 96
U1 2
U2 72
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 17
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D00V07
DI 10.1029/2011JD016961
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 899NE
UT WOS:000300821900004
ER
PT J
AU Wang, ZH
Maucher-Fuquay, J
Fire, SE
Mikulski, CM
Haynes, B
Doucette, GJ
Ramsdell, JS
AF Wang, Zhihong
Maucher-Fuquay, Jennifer
Fire, Spencer E.
Mikulski, Christina M.
Haynes, Bennie
Doucette, Gregory J.
Ramsdell, John S.
TI Optimization of solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectrometry for the determination of domoic acid in seawater,
phytoplankton, and mammalian fluids and tissues
SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Domoic acid; Seawater; Phytoplankton; Mammalian fluids and tissues;
Solid-phase extraction; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
ID CALIFORNIA; SEAFOOD
AB We previously reported a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for determination of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) in both seawater and phytoplankton by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the purpose of sample desalting without DA pre-concentration. In the present study, we optimized the SPE procedure with seawater and phytoplankton samples directly acidified with aqueous formic acid without addition of organic solvents, which allowed sample desalting and also 20-fold pre-concentration of DA in seawater and phytoplankton samples. In order to reduce MS contamination, a diverter valve was installed between LC and MS to send the LC eluant to waste, except for the 6-min elution window bracketing the DA retention time, which was sent to the MS. Reduction of the MS turbo gas temperature also helped to maintain the long-term stability of MS signal. Recoveries exceeded 90% for the DA-negative seawater and the DA-positive cultured phytoplankton samples spiked with DA. The SPE method for DA extraction and sample clean-up in seawater was extended to mammalian fluids and tissues with modification in order to accommodate the fluid samples with limited available volumes and the tissue extracts in aqueous methanol. Recoveries of DA from DA-exposed laboratory mammalian samples (amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, placenta, and brain) were above 85%. Recoveries of DA from samples (urine, feces, intestinal contents, and gastric contents) collected from field stranded marine mammals showed large variations and were affected by the sample status. The optimized SPE-LC-MS method allows determination of DA at trace levels (low pg mL(-1)) in seawater with/without the presence of phytoplankton. The application of SPE clean-up to mammalian fluids and tissue extracts greatly reduced the LC column degradation and MS contamination, which allowed routine screening of marine mammalian samples for confirmation of DA exposure and determination of fluid and tissue DA concentrations in experimental laboratory animals. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Zhihong; Maucher-Fuquay, Jennifer; Fire, Spencer E.; Mikulski, Christina M.; Haynes, Bennie; Doucette, Gregory J.; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM zhihong.wang@noaa.gov
RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014
OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X
NR 25
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 41
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0003-2670
J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA
JI Anal. Chim. Acta
PD FEB 17
PY 2012
VL 715
BP 71
EP 79
DI 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.013
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 890GX
UT WOS:000300134200007
PM 22244169
ER
PT J
AU Last, PR
Richards, WJ
AF Last, Peter R.
Richards, William J.
TI Two new gurnards of the genus Pterygotrigla (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae)
from Australian seas
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Pterygotrigla; Scorpaeniformes; Triglidae; gurnards; new species;
Australian seas
AB In recent years there has been considerable research activity devoted to the triglid fauna of Australia, and included within this work has been an investigation of the genus Pterygotrigla. This fauna is considered to be amongst the most diverse of any region and multiple undescribed taxa occur in these seas. Two new species belonging to the subgenus Pterygotrigla are described from northern Australia. Pterygotrigla (Pterygotrigla) gomoni sp. nov. occurs in the eastern Indian Ocean on the upper continental slope off Western Australia, and P. (Pterygotrigla) saumarez sp. nov. occurs in the south-west Pacific on the outer continental shelf and upper slope off central and southern Queensland. These species differ markedly from each other in morphology, and are distinguished from other members of the subgenus by a combination of morphometrics, meristics, morphology of the head (in particular elements of its spination), shape and distribution of the dorsal-fin bucklers, and pectoral-fin coloration.
C1 [Last, Peter R.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Richards, William J.] NOAA SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Last, PR (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Flagship, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
EM peter.last@csiro.au; htf1967@aol.com
NR 22
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD FEB 16
PY 2012
IS 3195
BP 39
EP 50
PG 12
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 895QM
UT WOS:000300511300002
ER
PT J
AU Krishnan, P
Meyers, TP
Scott, RL
Kennedy, L
Heuer, M
AF Krishnan, Praveena
Meyers, Tilden P.
Scott, Russell L.
Kennedy, Linda
Heuer, Mark
TI Energy exchange and evapotranspiration over two temperate semi-arid
grasslands in North America
SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Evapotranspiration; Energy exchange; Semi-arid grassland; Eddy
covariance; Drought; North American Monsoon
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE;
INTERANNUAL VARIATION; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE;
VEGETATION INDEXES; INNER-MONGOLIA; CLIMATE SYSTEM; FLUXNET SITES
AB The seasonal and interannual variability in surface energy exchange and evapotranspiration (E) of two temperate semi-arid grasslands in southeastern Arizona, USA, were investigated using multi-year (2004-2007) eddy covariance measurements. The study sites, a post-fire site (AG) and an unburned site (KG), received 43-87% of the annual precipitation (P) during the North American Monsoon season (July-September), with the lowest values in the drought years of 2004 and 2005. Irrespective of the differences in temperature, surface albedo, vegetation cover and soil characteristics both sites responded similarly to changes in environmental conditions. The seasonal and interannual variations in the partitioning of net radiation to turbulent fluxes were mainly controlled by P through the changes in soil water content (theta) and vegetation growth. Drastic changes in albedo, vegetation growth and energy fluxes occurred following the onset of the monsoon season in July. During the dry or cool periods of autumn, winter and spring, the sensible heat flux was the largest component of the energy balance, whereas latent heat flux dominated during the warm and wet periods of summer. The dry-foliage Priestley-Taylor coefficient (alpha) declined when theta in the 0-15 cm soil layer dropped below 0.08 m(3) m(-3) at AG, and 0.09 m(3) m(-3) at KG, respectively. The July-September average of dry-foliage surface conductance, alpha and E. reached their lowest values in 2004 at AG and in 2005 at KG. During July-September, monthly E was linearly correlated to the monthly mean theta and the broadband normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), whereas during May-June the relationship between NDVI and E was not significant. Annual E varied from 264 to 322 mm at AG and from 196 to 284 mm at KG with the lowest value during the severe drought year at the site. July-September E had positive correlation with total P. the mean NDVI and the number of growing season days during that period. Annual P explained more than 80% of the variance in annual E. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Krishnan, Praveena] NOAA ARL, Dept Commerce, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
[Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Kennedy, Linda] Appleton Whittell Res Ranch, Natl Audubon Soc, Elgin, AZ 85611 USA.
RP Krishnan, P (reprint author), NOAA ARL, Dept Commerce, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
EM praveena.krishnan@noaa.gov
RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016
FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Air Resources
Laboratory
FX This work was funded by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research, Air Resources Laboratory. This research was performed while P.
Krishnan held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award
at NOAA. J. Kochendorfer, J. Miller and T. Wilson are acknowledged for
internal review of the paper. We also thank the associate editor and two
anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier
version of the manuscript.
NR 85
TC 43
Z9 45
U1 6
U2 75
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1923
EI 1873-2240
J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL
JI Agric. For. Meteorol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 153
SI SI
BP 31
EP 44
DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.017
PG 14
WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 903CJ
UT WOS:000301093300004
ER
PT J
AU Komoroske, LM
Lewison, RL
Seminoff, JA
Deustchman, DD
Deheyn, DD
AF Komoroske, Lisa M.
Lewison, Rebecca L.
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
Deustchman, Douglas D.
Deheyn, Dimitri D.
TI Trace metals in an urbanized estuarine sea turtle food web in San Diego
Bay, CA
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Green turtle; Bioaccumulation; Metal; Trophic transfer; San Diego Bay;
Contaminant
ID HEAVY-METALS; COASTAL SEDIMENTS; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS;
CALIFORNIA; CONTAMINATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; TOXICITY;
EXCHANGE
AB San Diego Bay is an anthropogenically impacted waterway that is also a critical habitat for many sensitive species such as the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). In this study, we quantified trace metal concentrations in sediment and organisms composing the green sea turtle diet, and identified bioaccumulation patterns for a suite of trace metals. We found Ag, Cd, Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn exhibited the highest bioaccumulation levels in this food web. Cu and Mn concentrations in resident biota displayed a strong spatial gradient from the mouth to the head of the Bay, which was different from the patterns found in the sediment itself. Sediment median concentrations followed a general pattern across the bay of Al > Mn > Cu approximate to Zn > Pb > As > Cd > Ag > Se > Hg. In contrast, eelgrass displayed differential patterns in the mouth versus the back of the Bay (three front Bay sites: Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Se > cd > Ag > As; five back Bay sites: Mn > Al > Zn > Cu > Pb approximate to Se > Cd > Ag > Hg > As) with the exception of Shelter Island where levels of Zn and Cu were elevated as a result of anti-fouling paint pollution. Observed differences between sediment and biota metal patterns are likely due to complex processes related to trace metals input and bioavailability, habitat characteristics and specific metabolic functioning of the trace metals for each member of the food web. These data highlight the fact that for the San Diego Bay ecosystem, the current use of toxicity reference values scaled up from sediment and invertebrate testing ex-situ is likely to be inaccurate when transposed to the green sea turtle. Here, we illustrate how identifying spatial variability in metal exposure can improve our understanding of habitat utilization by sea turtles in highly urbanized estuaries. Monitoring contaminants directly in food webs of sensitive vertebrates may greatly improve our understanding of their direct and indirect exposure to potentially deleterious contamination, and should be considered in the future to improve traditional risk assessment approaches. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Komoroske, Lisa M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Komoroske, Lisa M.; Lewison, Rebecca L.; Deustchman, Douglas D.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol & Coastal, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Komoroske, Lisa M.; Lewison, Rebecca L.; Deustchman, Douglas D.] San Diego State Univ, Inst Marine, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Deheyn, Dimitri D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Komoroske, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave,1088 Acad Surge, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM lmkomoroske@ucdavis.edu
OI Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926
FU Port of San Diego, PADI Foundation; Southern California Academy of
Sciences; Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation; San Diego State University;
NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography; National Science Foundation [0841297]
FX We thank the many people who helped with sample collection and
laboratory analyses, especially M. Porrachia, A. Aguilar, A. Thornquist,
C. Lennert, W. Plaisted, K. Withy-Allen, L. Segui, A. Miller, J.
Fournier, and B. Cheng. Funding and facilities were provided by the Port
of San Diego, PADI Foundation, Southern California Academy of Sciences,
Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation, San Diego State University, NMFS
Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center and Scripps Institution of
Oceanography. L Komoroske was supported by a Graduate K-12 Fellowship
from grant #0841297 from the National Science Foundation to S.L Williams
and B. Ludaescher. This is Contribution No. 18 of the Coastal and Marine
Institute Laboratory, San Diego State University.
NR 48
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 42
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 417
BP 108
EP 116
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.018
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 909IX
UT WOS:000301559300014
PM 22261404
ER
PT J
AU Castro, MS
Moore, C
Sherwell, J
Brooks, SB
AF Castro, Mark S.
Moore, Chris
Sherwell, John
Brooks, Steve B.
TI Dry deposition of gaseous oxidized mercury in Western Maryland
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Atmospheric mercury; Gaseous oxidized mercury; Dry deposition
ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; PARAMETERIZATION; SPECIATION; NEVADA; MODELS; USA
AB The purpose of this study was to directly measure the dry deposition of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) in western Maryland. Annual estimates were made using passive ion-exchange surrogate surfaces and a resistance model. Surrogate surfaces were deployed for seventeen weekly sampling periods between September 2009 and October 2010. Dry deposition rates from surrogate surfaces ranged from 80 to 1512 pg m(-2) h(-1). GOM dry deposition rates were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.75) with the weekly average atmospheric GOM concentrations, which ranged from 2.3 to 34.1 pg m(-3). Dry deposition of GOM could be predicted from the ambient air concentrations of GOM using this equation: GOM dry deposition (pg m(-2) h(-1)) = 43.2 x GOM concentration - 80.3. Dry deposition velocities computed using GOM concentrations and surrogate surface GOM dry deposition rates, ranged from 0.2 to 1.7 cm s(-1). Modeled dry deposition rates were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.80) with surrogate surface dry deposition rates. Using the overall weekly average surrogate surface dry deposition rate (369 +/- 340 pg m(-2) h(-1)). we estimated an annual GOM dry deposition rate of 3.2 mu g m(-2) year(-1). Using the resistance model, we estimated an annual GOM dry deposition rate of 3.5 mu g m(-2) year(-1). Our annual GOM dry deposition rates were similar to the dry deposition (3.3 mu g m(-2) h(-1)) of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) at our site. In addition, annual GOM dry deposition was approximately 1/2 of the average annual wet deposition of total mercury (7.7 +/- 1.9 mu g m(-2) year(-1)) at our site. Total annual mercury deposition from dry deposition of GOM and GEM and wet deposition was approximately 14.4 mu g m(-2) year(-1), which was similar to the average annual litterfall deposition (15 +/- 2.1 mu g m(-2) year(-1)) of mercury, which was also measured at our site. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Castro, Mark S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA.
[Moore, Chris] Univ Nevada, Div Atmospher Sci, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Sherwell, John] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Power Plant Res Program, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
[Brooks, Steve B.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Castro, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA.
EM mcastro@umces.edu
RI Moore, Christopher/E-8448-2012; Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015
OI Moore, Christopher/0000-0002-6042-5583; Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204
FU Maryland Department of Natural Resources
FX We thank the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and the Maryland
Department of the Environment. We also thank Morgan Kaumeyer, a MEES
M.S. student, for his help with the Tekran speciation system. The paper
is contribution number 4598 for the University of Maryland Center for
Environmental Science. The project was funded by the Maryland Department
of Natural Resources Power Plant Research program.
NR 26
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 417
BP 232
EP 240
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.044
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 909IX
UT WOS:000301559300026
PM 22264922
ER
PT J
AU Diaz, RE
Sharma, R
Jarvis, K
Zhang, QL
Mahajan, S
AF Diaz, Rosa E.
Sharma, Renu
Jarvis, Karalee
Zhang, Qinglei
Mahajan, Subhash
TI Direct observation of nucleation and early stages of growth of GaN
nanowires
SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Nucleation; In situ TEM; Chemical vapor deposition process;
Vapor-liquid-solid mechanism; GaN nanowires; Au catalyst
ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DEVICES; BLUE
AB We report direct observations of the nucleation and early stages of growth of GaN nanowires. The nanowires were formed by exposing Au + Ga droplets to ammonia. The formation process was observed in situ, and controlled in real time using an environmental transmission electron microscope. Observations show that nuclei forms only at thin region of the Au + Ga, following only the VLS mechanism. The droplet-nanowire interface in the initial stages is multi-faceted, and become planar during the growth. Chemical and structural analysis shows that the resulting nuclei are GaN with the wurtzite structure. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Diaz, Rosa E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Diaz, Rosa E.; Sharma, Renu; Zhang, Qinglei] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jarvis, Karalee] Univ Texas Austin, Cockrell Sch Engn, Adv Mfg Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Mahajan, Subhash] Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Mahajan, Subhash] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Diaz, RE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Bldg 735, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM rdiazrivas@bnl.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMR0706631]
FX This work was done at the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at
Arizona State University. The authors thank Dr. R. Carpenter, Dr. P.
Crozier, Dr. J. Venables, and Dr. P. Bennett for helpful discussions and
National Science Foundation for financial support (NSF Grant
DMR0706631).
NR 26
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 36
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0248
J9 J CRYST GROWTH
JI J. Cryst. Growth
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 341
IS 1
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.09.028
PG 6
WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics
GA 902BO
UT WOS:000301013800001
ER
PT J
AU Heo, GY
Liao, WL
Turko, IV
Pikuleva, IA
AF Heo, Gun-Young
Liao, Wei-Li
Turko, Illarion V.
Pikuleva, Irina A.
TI Features of the retinal environment which affect the activities and
product profile of cholesterol-metabolizing cytochromes P450 CYP27A1 and
CYP11A1
SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE CYP11A1; CYP27A1; CYP46A1; Retina; Retinal pigment epithelium;
Cholesterol; 5-Cholestenoic acid; 22R-Hydroxycholesterol; Phospholipids;
A2E
ID SIDE-CHAIN-CLEAVAGE; PIGMENT EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BILE-ACID SYNTHESIS;
BOVINE ADRENAL-CORTEX; 46,XY SEX REVERSAL; F-G LOOP;
CEREBROTENDINOUS-XANTHOMATOSIS; STEROL 27-HYDROXYLASE; ADRENODOXIN
REDUCTASE; HUMAN PLACENTA
AB The retina is the sensory organ in the back of the eye which absorbs and converts light to electrochemical impulses transferred to the brain. Herein, we studied how retinal environment affects enzyme-mediated cholesterol removal. We focused on two mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYPs 27A1 and 11A1, which catalyze the first steps in metabolism of cholesterol in the retina and other tissues. Phospholipids (PL) from mitochondria of bovine neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium, liver and adrenal cortex were isolated and compared for the effect on kinetic properties of purified recombinant CYPs in the reconstituted system in vitro. The four studied tissues were also evaluated for the mitochondrial PL and cholesterol content and levels of CYPs 27A1, I 1A1 and their redox partners. The data obtained were used for modeling the retinal environment in the in vitro enzyme assays in which we detected the P450 metabolites, 22R-hydroxycholesterol and 5-cholestenoic acid, unexpectedly found by us in the retina in our previous studies. The effect of the by-product of the visual cycle pyridinium bis-retinoid A2E on kinetics of CYP27A1-mediated cholesterol metabolism was also investigated. The results provide insight into the retina's regulation of the enzyme-mediated cholesterol removal. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Heo, Gun-Young; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Turko, Illarion V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pikuleva, IA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
EM iap8@case.edu
FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383]; Research to Prevent Blindness
Foundation
FX This work was supported in part by the Grant (EY018383 to I.A.P.) from
the National Institutes of Health. I.A.P. is a recipient of the Jules
and Doris Stein Professorship from the Research to Prevent Blindness
Foundation.
NR 71
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0003-9861
J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS
JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 518
IS 2
BP 119
EP 126
DI 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.016
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 895CF
UT WOS:000300473100004
PM 22227097
ER
PT J
AU Sagdeev, DI
Fomina, MG
Mukhamedzyanov, GK
Abdulagatov, IM
AF Sagdeev, D. I.
Fomina, M. G.
Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh.
Abdulagatov, I. M.
TI Experimental study of the density and viscosity of polyethylene glycols
and their mixtures at temperatures from 293 K to 465 K and at high
pressures up to 245 MPa
SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Density; Diethylene glycol; Monoethylene glycol; Tait-type equation of
state; Triethylene glycol; Viscosity
ID PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; BINARY-MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES; ELEVATED PRESSURES; NORMAL-HEPTANE; LIQUID DENSITIES;
ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; IONIC LIQUIDS; TAIT EQUATION
AB Density and viscosity of monoethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), and triethylene glycol (TEG) and their binary, (50%MEG + 50%DEG), (50%MEG + 50%TEG), (50%DEG + 50%TEG), and ternary (33.33%MEG + 33.33%DEG + 33.34%TEG) mixtures have been simultaneously measured over the temperature range from 293 K to 465 K and at pressures up to 245 MPa using the hydrostatic weighing and falling-body techniques. The expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and viscosity measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15-0.30%, 0.05%, 0.02 K, and 1.5-2.0% (depending on temperature and pressure ranges), respectively. Tait-type equation of state (EOS) for pure MEG, DEG, and TEG has been developed using the measured (p, rho, T) data. Theoretically based Arrhenius-Andrade and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher type equation with pressure dependent coefficients was used to describe the temperature dependence of measured viscosities for pure polyethylene glycols. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sagdeev, D. I.; Fomina, M. G.; Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh.] Kazan State Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia.
[Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div TRC NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov
NR 76
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3812
J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR
JI Fluid Phase Equilib.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 315
BP 64
EP 76
DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2011.11.022
PG 13
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 895DJ
UT WOS:000300476100010
ER
PT J
AU Zolot, AM
Giorgetta, FR
Baumann, E
Nicholson, JW
Swann, WC
Coddington, I
Newbury, NR
AF Zolot, A. M.
Giorgetta, F. R.
Baumann, E.
Nicholson, J. W.
Swann, W. C.
Coddington, I.
Newbury, N. R.
TI Direct-comb molecular spectroscopy with accurate, resolved comb teeth
over 43 THz
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONTINUA; SPECTROMETER; FIBERS; RANGE
AB We demonstrate a dual-comb spectrometer using stabilized frequency combs spanning 177 to 220 THz ( 1360 to 1690nm) in the near infrared. Comb-tooth-resolved measurements of amplitude and phase generate over 4 x 10(5) individually resolved spectral elements at 100MHz point spacing and kilohertz-level resolution and accuracy. The signal-to-noise ratio is 100 to 3000 per comb tooth. Doppler-broadened phase and amplitude spectra of CO2, CH4, C2H2, and H2O in a 30m multipass cell agree with established spectral parameters, achieving high-resolution measurements with optical bandwidth generally associated with blackbody sources.
C1 [Zolot, A. M.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Nicholson, J. W.] OFS Labs, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA.
RP Zolot, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Alex.Zolot@nist.gov
RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann,
Esther/P-1315-2015
OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann,
Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090
FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [PBNEP2-127797]
FX We thank Masaaki Hirano of Sumitomo Electric Industries for the donation
of the HNLF fiber, and Frank Quinlan and Young-Jin Kim for valuable
comments. F. R. Giorgetta received support from the Swiss National
Science Foundation (SNSF) under grant PBNEP2-127797.
NR 13
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 6
U2 45
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 4
BP 638
EP 640
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 898AF
UT WOS:000300706500065
PM 22344132
ER
PT J
AU Falus, P
Porcar, L
Fratini, E
Chen, WR
Faraone, A
Hong, KL
Baglioni, P
Liu, Y
AF Falus, Peter
Porcar, Lionel
Fratini, Emiliano
Chen, Wei-Ren
Faraone, Antonio
Hong, Kunlun
Baglioni, Piero
Liu, Yun
TI Distinguishing the monomer to cluster phase transition in concentrated
lysozyme solutions by studying the temperature dependence of the
short-time dynamics
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTERS;
MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; ATTRACTION; SYSTEMS; SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLES;
REPULSION; COLLOIDS
AB Recent combined experiments by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE) have demonstrated that dynamic clusters can form in concentrated lysozyme solutions when the right combination of a short-ranged attraction and a long-ranged electrostatic repulsion exists. In this paper, we investigate the temperature effect on the dynamic cluster formation and try to pinpoint the transition concentration from a monomeric protein phase to a cluster phase. Interestingly, even at a relatively high concentration (10% mass fraction), despite the significant change in the SANS patterns that are associated with the change of the short-ranged attraction among proteins, the normalized short-time self-diffusion coefficient is not affected between 5 and 40 degrees C. This is interpreted as a lack of cluster formation in this condition. However, at larger concentrations such as 17.5% and 22.5% mass fraction, we show that the average hydrodynamic radius increases significantly and causes a large decrease of the normalized self-diffusion coefficient as a result of cluster formation when the temperature is changed from 25 to 5 degrees C.
C1 [Falus, Peter; Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
[Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
[Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSS Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Faraone, Antonio] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE USA.
RP Falus, P (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, BP 156, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
EM yunliu@nist.gov
RI Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Baglioni,
Piero/B-1208-2011; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015
OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153;
Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111
FU NIST, US Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6178]; Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
Energy; CSGI; MIUR [PRIN 20087K9A2J001]
FX This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB7H6178
from NIST, US Department of Commerce. W R Chen at Spallation Neutron
Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and K L Hong at Center for
Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory acknowledge
the support of the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. E Fratini and P Baglioni
acknowledge financial support from CSGI and MIUR (PRIN 20087K9A2J001).
NR 38
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U1 1
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 6
AR 064114
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/6/064114
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 892AY
UT WOS:000300260100015
PM 22277797
ER
PT J
AU Hong, KL
Liu, Y
Porcar, L
Liu, DZ
Gao, CY
Smith, GS
Herwig, KW
Cai, S
Li, X
Wu, B
Chen, WR
Liu, L
AF Hong, Kunlun
Liu, Yun
Porcar, Lionel
Liu, Dazhi
Gao, Carrie Y.
Smith, Gregory S.
Herwig, Kenneth W.
Cai, Sheng
Li, Xin
Wu, Bin
Chen, Wei-Ren
Liu, Li
TI Structural response of polyelectrolyte dendrimer towards molecular
protonation: the inconsistency revealed by SANS and NMR
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS;
CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; SELF-DIFFUSION; FIELD GRADIENT; GENERATION;
SIMULATIONS; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS
AB Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and their charged state in deuterium oxide have been investigated with proton pulsed field gradient diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. NMR measurements suggest that significant variation of the hydrodynamic radius, calculated by the Stokes-Einstein relation with appropriate surface conditions, is observed upon increasing the molecular protonation. However, a comparative SANS experiment indicates little dependence of the dendrimer global size, in terms of its radius of gyration, on molecular protonation. The inconsistency indicates the necessity of incorporating the effect of molecular interface modification and molecular porosity provided by dressed counterions, when dynamical measurements are used for the determination of the structural characteristics of ionic soft colloids even in dilute suspensions.
C1 [Liu, Dazhi; Gao, Carrie Y.; Smith, Gregory S.; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Cai, Sheng] Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
[Li, Xin; Wu, Bin; Liu, Li] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM chenw@ornl.gov; liue@rpi.edu
RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Liu, Dazhi/G-2675-2013; Smith,
Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Dazhi/0000-0002-7604-6940; Smith,
Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111
FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
US Department of Energy; NCNR NIST; National Science Foundation
[DMR-0944772]; US Department of Energy under NERI-C [DE-FG07-07ID14889];
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC-38-08-950]
FX The research at the Center of Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), and
Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is sponsored at the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL) by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. We gratefully
acknowledge the support of NCNR NIST in providing neutron research
facilities which are supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. XL, BW and LL were supported
in part by the US Department of Energy, under NERI-C award no.
DE-FG07-07ID14889 and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, under award
no. NRC-38-08-950.
NR 43
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 25
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 6
AR 064116
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/6/064116
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 892AY
UT WOS:000300260100017
PM 22277898
ER
PT J
AU Kamitakahara, WA
Faraone, A
Liu, KH
Mou, CY
AF Kamitakahara, William A.
Faraone, Antonio
Liu, Kao-Hsiang
Mou, Chung-Yuan
TI Temperature dependence of structure and density for D2O confined in
MCM-41-S
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIQUID WATER; SUPERCOOLED WATER;
GLASS-TRANSITION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; PORE-SIZE; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR;
TRANSFORMATIONS; MINIMUM
AB Using neutron diffraction, we have tracked the temperature dependence of structural properties for heavy water confined in the nanoporous silica matrix MCM-41-S. By observing the correlation peak corresponding to the pore-pore distance, which is determined by the scattering contrast between the silica and the water, we monitored the density of the confined water. Concurrently, we studied the prominent first diffraction peak of D2O at approximate to 1.8 angstrom(-1), which furnishes information on the microscopic arrangement of the water molecules. The data show the presence of a density maximum at approximate to 275 K (+/- 10 K), a property similar to bulk water, and the occurrence of a density minimum at approximate to 180 K (+/- 10 K). The prominent diffraction peak of D2O is found to shift and sharpen over a wide T range from 200 to 270 K, reflecting structural changes that are strongly correlated with the changes in density. We also observe the continuous formation of external ice, arising from water expelled from the pores while expansion takes place within the pores. An efficient method for monitoring the density of the confined D2O using a triple-axis spectrometer is demonstrated.
C1 [Kamitakahara, William A.; Faraone, Antonio] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Liu, Kao-Hsiang; Mou, Chung-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
RP Kamitakahara, WA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
OI MOU, CHUNG-YUAN/0000-0001-7060-9899
NR 33
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 25
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 6
AR 064106
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/6/064106
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 892AY
UT WOS:000300260100007
PM 22277370
ER
PT J
AU Li, H
Chiang, WS
Fratini, E
Ridi, F
Bausi, F
Baglioni, P
Tyagi, M
Chen, SH
AF Li, Hua
Chiang, Wei-Shan
Fratini, Emiliano
Ridi, Francesca
Bausi, Francesco
Baglioni, Piero
Tyagi, Madhu
Chen, Sow-Hsin
TI Dynamic crossover in hydration water of curing cement paste: the effect
of superplasticizer
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCOOLED WATER; TRICALCIUM SILICATE; CALCIUM SILICATE; MODEL;
MICROSTRUCTURE; KINETICS; GLASS
AB The influence of a new comb-shaped polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer (CSSP) on the hydration kinetics and transport properties of aged cement pastes has been investigated by high-resolution quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and low temperature differential scanning calorimetry (LT-DSC). A new method of analysis of QENS spectra is proposed. By applying the refined method we were able to access to four independent physical parameters including the self-diffusion coefficient of the hydration water confined in the cement paste. Mean squared displacement (MSD) of the hydrogen atom for mobile water molecules displays a dynamic crossover temperature in agreement with DSC data. The experimental results indicate that CSSP polymer added into cement paste moderates the hydration process and decreases the dynamic crossover temperature of the hydration water.
C1 [Li, Hua; Chiang, Wei-Shan; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Li, Hua] Jinan Univ, Dept Phys, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Fratini, Emiliano; Ridi, Francesca; Bausi, Francesco; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
[Fratini, Emiliano; Ridi, Francesca; Bausi, Francesco; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
[Tyagi, Madhu] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, Sow-Hsin] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sowhsin@mit.edu
RI Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Ridi, Francesca/F-2141-2013; Tyagi, Madhu
Sudan/M-4693-2014; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011
OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Ridi,
Francesca/0000-0002-6887-5108; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176;
Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700
FU DOE [DEFG02-90ER45429]; National Science Foundation [DMR-094477];
Ministero dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR)
[PRIN-2008, 20087K9A2J]; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo
dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI); CTG-Italcementi
FX The research at MIT is supported by DOE grant no. DEFG02-90ER45429. This
work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under agreement no. DMR-094477. HL acknowledges the
hospitality of the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering of MIT
during her stay as a Visiting Scientist. EF, FR, FB and PB gratefully
acknowledge the Ministero dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca
Scientifica (MIUR, grant PRIN-2008, prot. 20087K9A2J), Consorzio
Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI)
and CTG-Italcementi for partial financial support to this project. We
thank NIST Center For Neutron Research for allocation of neutron beam
time in HFBS. The cement (Blaine) is identified in this paper to foster
understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the material identified is
necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 20
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 6
AR 064108
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/6/064108
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 892AY
UT WOS:000300260100009
PM 22277581
ER
PT J
AU Li, X
Wu, B
Liu, Y
Pynn, R
Shew, CY
Smith, GS
Herwig, KW
Robertson, JL
Chen, WR
Liu, L
AF Li, Xin
Wu, Bin
Liu, Yun
Pynn, Roger
Shew, Chwen-Yang
Smith, Gregory S.
Herwig, Kenneth W.
Robertson, J. Lee
Chen, Wei-Ren
Liu, Li
TI Contrast variation in spin-echo small angle neutron scattering
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY; MATURATION
AB The use of contrast variation in spin-echo small angle neutron scattering (SESANS) experiments is discussed for the case of colloidal structural investigation. On the basis of calculations for several model systems, we find that the contrast variation SESANS technique, in terms of the measured SESANS correlation function G(z), is not sensitive to the structural characteristics of colloidal suspensions consisting of particles with uniform scattering length density profiles. However, its ability to resolve structural heterogeneity, at both intra-colloidal and inter-colloidal length scales, is clearly demonstrated. The prospect of using this new technique to investigate structural information that is difficult to probe in other ways is also explored.
C1 [Li, Xin; Wu, Bin; Pynn, Roger; Smith, Gregory S.; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Li, Xin; Wu, Bin; Liu, Li] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA.
[Robertson, J. Lee] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Facil Dev Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Li, X (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM chenw@ornl.gov; liue@rpi.edu
RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Li, Xin/K-9646-2013; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Li, Xin/0000-0003-0606-434X; Smith,
Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805
FU US Department of Energy under NERI-C [DE-FG07-07ID14889]; US Nuclear
Regulatory Commission [NRC38-08-950]; Scientific User Facilities
Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy for
Oak Ridge National Laboratory; PSC of City University of New York; US
Department of Energy through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
Division of Material Science and Engineering [ER46279]
FX XL, BW, and LL were supported in part by US Department of Energy, under
NERI-C Award No. DE-FG07-07ID14889, and US Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, under Award No. NRC38-08-950. KWH, GSS, JLR and WRC
acknowledge the support of The Scientific User Facilities Division,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy for Oak Ridge
National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source and High Flux Isotope
Reactor. CYS was partially supported by the PSC grants of the City
University of New York. RP was supported by US Department of Energy
through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material
Science and Engineering (Grant No. ER46279).
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 20
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 6
AR 064115
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/6/064115
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 892AY
UT WOS:000300260100016
PM 22277831
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, Y
Tyagi, M
Mamontov, E
Chen, SH
AF Zhang, Yang
Tyagi, Madhusudan
Mamontov, Eugene
Chen, Sow-Hsin
TI Quasi-elastic neutron scattering studies of the slow dynamics of
supercooled and glassy aspirin
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS;
DENSITY MINIMUM; HYDRATION WATER; CONFINED WATER; METHYL-GROUPS;
TEMPERATURE; CROSSOVER; PROTEIN
AB Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is not only a wonderful drug, but also a good glass former. Therefore, it serves as an important molecular system to study the near-arrest and arrested phenomena. In this paper, a high-resolution quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique is used to investigate the slow dynamics of supercooled liquid and glassy aspirin from 410 down to 350 K. The measured QENS spectra can be analyzed with a stretched exponential model. We find that (i) the stretched exponent beta(Q) is independent of the wavevector transfer Q in the measured Q range and (ii) the structural relaxation time tau(Q) follows a power-law dependence on Q. Consequently, the Q-independent structural relaxation time tau(0) can be extracted for each temperature to characterize the slow dynamics of aspirin. The temperature dependence of t0 can be fitted with the mode-coupling power law, the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation and a universal equation for fragile glass forming liquids recently proposed by Tokuyama in the measured temperature range. The calculated dynamic response function chi(T)(Q, t) using the experimentally determined self-intermediate scattering function of the hydrogen atoms of aspirin shows direct evidence of the enhanced dynamic fluctuations as the aspirin is increasingly supercooled, in agreement with the fixed-time mean squared displacement (x(2)) and the non-Gaussian parameter alpha(2) extracted from the elastic scattering.
C1 [Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Zhang, Yang; Mamontov, Eugene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Zhang, Yang; Mamontov, Eugene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Tyagi, Madhusudan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sowhsin@mit.edu
RI Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Mamontov,
Eugene/Q-1003-2015
OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176;
Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675
FU ORNL; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; National Science
Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy
FX The authors are in debt to Dr A Faraone for his assistance in performing
the QENS experiments and Dr M Lagi for his attempt to run MD
simulations. YZ acknowledges the support from the Clifford G Shull
fellowship at ORNL. Research at MIT is supported by the Department of
Energy grant DE-FG02-90ER45429. We acknowledge the support of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), US Department of
Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this
work. Identification of a commercial product does not imply
recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor does it imply that the
product is necessarily the best for the stated purpose. This work
utilized facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research supported in
part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0454672.
We thank the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source
sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, for preliminary experiments
done at the BASIS spectrometer.
NR 41
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 15
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 6
AR 064112
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/6/064112
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 892AY
UT WOS:000300260100013
PM 22277723
ER
PT J
AU Lane, PA
Cunningham, PD
Melinger, JS
Kushto, GP
Esenturk, O
Heilweil, EJ
AF Lane, Paul A.
Cunningham, Paul D.
Melinger, Joseph S.
Kushto, Gary P.
Esenturk, Okan
Heilweil, Edwin J.
TI Photoexcitation Dynamics in Films of C-60 and Zn Phthalocyanine with a
Layered Nanostructure
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOLVED TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; METAL
PHTHALOCYANINES; CARRIER DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; SOLID C-60; BLENDS;
GENERATION; MOLECULES
AB We elucidate photoexcitation dynamics in C-60 and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) from picoseconds to milliseconds by transient absorption and time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Autoionization of C-60 is a precursor to photocarrier generation. Decay of the terahertz signal is due to decreasing photocarrier mobility over the first 20 ps and thereafter reflects recombination dynamics. Singlet diffusion rates in C-60 are determined by modeling the rise of ground state bleaching of ZnPc absorption following C-60 excitation. Recombination dynamics transform from bimolecular to monomolecular as the layer thickness is reduced, revealing a metastable exciplex at the C-60/ZnPc interface with a lifetime of 150 mu s.
C1 [Lane, Paul A.; Cunningham, Paul D.; Melinger, Joseph S.; Kushto, Gary P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Esenturk, Okan; Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
FU Office of Naval Research; NIST
FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by NIST. P.
C. thanks the National Research Council for administering the
postdoctoral fellowship program at NRL.
NR 37
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 5
U2 36
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 7
AR 077402
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.077402
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 894JT
UT WOS:000300423700018
PM 22401254
ER
PT J
AU Kelly, JY
Albert, JNL
Howarter, JA
Stafford, CM
Epps, TH
Fasolka, MJ
AF Kelly, Jennifer Y.
Albert, Julie N. L.
Howarter, John A.
Stafford, Christopher M.
Epps, Thomas H., III
Fasolka, Michael J.
TI Manipulating morphology and orientation in thermally responsive block
copolymer thin films
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE block copolymer; film thickness; gradient; high-throughput; morphology;
nanostructure; orientation; solvent vapor annealing; surface chemistry;
thermal deprotection; thin film
ID PERPENDICULAR ORIENTATION; CYLINDER; SURFACE; ARRAYS; LITHOGRAPHY;
TRANSITION; DOMAINS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; POLYLACTIDE
AB We demonstrate the use of combined thermal annealing and solvent vapor annealing (SVA) to tune the morphology of thermally responsive block copolymer (BCP) thin films. The BCP, poly(styrene-b-tert-butyl acrylate) (PS-b-PtBA), undergoes a chemical deprotection to poly(styrene-b-acrylic anhydride) (PS-b-PAH) above a temperature threshold, giving rise to a structural and morphological transition. Our experiments systematically examine different thermal annealing and SVA protocols with two solvents (tetrahydrofuran and acetone) and map the resulting morphologies. Assessments of these processing protocols were accelerated using temperature gradients. Our results demonstrate that the final nanoscale morphologies after SVA are determined by the changes in the relative solvent/polymer interactions and surface tensions of the polymer blocks that accompany deprotection. Because of these driving forces, certain processing combinations led to irreversible morphological states, whereas others present opportunities for further manipulation. Accordingly, our study reveals that the morphology of this thermally sensitive BCP can be altered through judicious choice of annealing protocol. The protocols that combine equal numbers of SVA and thermal annealing (TA) steps are not necessarily equivalent, and the order of the SVA relative to TA is a deciding factor in the final morphology. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
C1 [Kelly, Jennifer Y.; Howarter, John A.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Fasolka, Michael J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Albert, Julie N. L.; Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Fasolka, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM michael.fasolka@nist.gov
RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012
FU NIST MSEL [70NANB9H8150]; NSF DMR [0645586]; NIST/NRC ARRA; NSF
FX This work was funded by NIST MSEL 70NANB9H8150 and NSF DMR CAREER -
0645586. J.Y.K. was supported by a NIST/NRC ARRA Postdoctoral
Fellowship. J.N.L.A. was supported by a NSF Graduate Research
Fellowship. This work is an official contribution of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 46
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 41
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 4
BP 263
EP 271
DI 10.1002/polb.23004
PG 9
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 872GJ
UT WOS:000298796900005
ER
PT J
AU Her, JH
Wu, H
Verdal, N
Zhou, W
Stavila, V
Udovic, TJ
AF Her, Jae-Hyuk
Wu, Hui
Verdal, Nina
Zhou, Wei
Stavila, Vitalie
Udovic, Terrence J.
TI Structures of the strontium and barium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE B12H122-; Density functional theory; Dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate;
Neutron powder diffraction; Phonon density of states; X-ray powder
diffraction
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; DECOMPOSITION; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR
AB The structures of the anhydrous alkaline-earth-metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates, SrB12H12 and BaB12H12, were determined by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction methods corroborated by a combination of neutron vibrational spectroscopic data and density-functional-theory-based phonon calculations. Both compounds possess the same novel trigonal structure with P31c space group symmetry, which appears to represent the most stable arrangement of alkaline-earth cations and dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate anions for cations above a certain size. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Wu, Hui; Verdal, Nina; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Her, Jae-Hyuk; Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nina.verdal@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Stavila, Vitalie/B-6464-2008
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Stavila,
Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432
FU DOE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-EE0002978, DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX This work was partially supported by DOE through EERE Grant Nos.
DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-EE0002978, and DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 514
BP 71
EP 75
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.085
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 866UR
UT WOS:000298411300012
ER
PT J
AU Leibfried, D
AF Leibfried, D.
TI Quantum state preparation and control of single molecular ions
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-STATE; TRAPPED IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; INFORMATION; RADIATION; LOGIC;
GAS
AB Preparing molecules at rest and in a very pure quantum state is a long-standing aspiration in chemistry and physics, so far achieved only for a select set of molecules in dedicated experimental setups. Here, a quantum-limited combination of mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy is proposed that should be applicable to a wide range of molecular ions. Excitation of electrons in the molecule followed by uncontrolled decay and branching into several lower-energy states is avoided. Instead, the molecule is always confined to rotational states within the electronic and vibrational ground-state manifold, while a co-trapped atomic ion provides efficient entropy removal and allows for extraction of information about the molecule. The outlined techniques might enable the preparation, manipulation and measurement of a multitude of molecular ion species with the same instrument, with applications including, but not limited to, precise determination of molecular properties and fundamental tests of physics.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dil@boulder.nist.gov
NR 34
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD FEB 14
PY 2012
VL 14
AR 023029
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/2/023029
PG 12
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 919FB
UT WOS:000302306700002
ER
PT J
AU Adams, CL
Knurr, BJ
Weber, JM
AF Adams, Christopher L.
Knurr, Benjamin J.
Weber, J. Mathias
TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of 1-nitropropane and 1-nitrobutane anions
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOCIATIVE ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; VIBRATIONAL FESHBACH RESONANCES;
ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; NITROMETHANE ANION; FINE-STRUCTURE; NEGATIVE-IONS;
BASIS-SET; CLUSTERS; DIPOLE; AUTODETACHMENT
AB We present low-energy velocity map photoelectron imaging results for bare and Ar-solvated 1-nitropropane and 1-nitrobutane anions. We report the adiabatic electron affinity of 1-nitropropane as (223 +/- 6) meV and that of 1-nitrobutane as (240 +/- 6 meV). The vertical detachment energies of these two species are found to be (0.92 +/- 0.05) and (0.88 +/- 0.05) eV, respectively. The photoelectron spectra are discussed in the framework of Franck-Condon simulations based on density functional theory. We observe unusual resonances in the photoelectron spectra of both ions under study, whose kinetic energy is independent of the photon energy of the detaching radiation. We discuss possible origins of these resonances as rescattering phenomena, consistent with the experimental photoelectron angular distributions. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3683250]
C1 [Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu
RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009
OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through the NSF Physics Frontier
Center at JILA [PHY-0551010]
FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation
(NSF) through the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA (PHY-0551010). We
thank Dr. Thomas Sommerfeld who in a discussion brought up the idea that
only one vibrational mode may be active in the decay of a vibrational
Feshbach resonance. We also thank Dr. Chris Greene, Dr. Anna Krylov, and
Dr. Ksenia Bravaya for helpful discussions.
NR 51
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD FEB 14
PY 2012
VL 136
IS 6
AR 064307
DI 10.1063/1.3683250
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 895HO
UT WOS:000300487200027
PM 22360187
ER
PT J
AU Dudowicz, J
Freed, KF
Douglas, JF
AF Dudowicz, Jacek
Freed, Karl F.
Douglas, Jack F.
TI Lattice cluster theory of associating polymers. II. Enthalpy and entropy
of self-assembly and Flory-Huggins interaction parameter chi for
solutions of telechelic molecules
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BASIC THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION;
MONOMER STRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; BINDING AFFINITIES;
BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; RECEPTOR-BINDING; GLASS-FORMATION; CHAIN-LENGTH
AB The lattice cluster theory for solutions of telechelic polymer chains, developed in paper I, is applied to determine the enthalpy Delta h(p) and entropy Delta S-p of self-assembly of linear telechelics and to evaluate the Flory-Huggins (FH) interaction parameter chi governing the phase behavior of these systems. Particular focus is placed on examining how these interaction variables depend on the composition of the solution, temperature, van der Waals and local "sticky" interaction energies, and the length of the individual telechelic chains. The FH interaction parameter chi is found to exhibit an entropy-enthalpy compensation effect between the "entropic" and "enthalpic" portions as either the composition or mass of the telechelic species is varied, providing unique theoretical insights into this commonly reported, yet, enigmatic phenomenon. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681256]
C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1111918]
FX This research is supported, in part, by National Science Foundation
(NSF) Grant No. CHE-1111918.
NR 65
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD FEB 14
PY 2012
VL 136
IS 6
AR 064903
DI 10.1063/1.3681256
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 895HO
UT WOS:000300487200060
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, ZY
Koren, V
Reed, S
Smith, M
Zhang, Y
Moreda, F
Cosgrove, B
AF Zhang, Ziya
Koren, Victor
Reed, Seann
Smith, Michael
Zhang, Yu
Moreda, Fekadu
Cosgrove, Brian
TI SAC-SMA a priori parameter differences and their impact on distributed
hydrologic model simulations
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SSURGO; STATSGO; SAC-SMA; A priori parameters; Distributed modeling
ID SOIL DATASET; RESOLUTION; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM
AB Deriving a priori gridded parameters is an important step in the development and deployment of an operational distributed hydrologic model. Accurate a priori parameters can reduce the manual calibration effort and/or speed up the automatic calibration process, reduce calibration uncertainty, and provide valuable information at ungauged locations. Underpinned by reasonable parameter data sets, distributed hydrologic modeling can help improve water resource and flood and flash flood forecasting capabilities. Initial efforts at the National Weather Service Office of Hydrologic Development (NWS OHD) to derive a priori gridded Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model parameters for the conterminous United States (CONUS) were based on a relatively coarse resolution soils property database, the State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO) (Soil Survey Staff, 2011) and on the assumption of uniform land use and land cover. In an effort to improve the parameters, subsequent work was performed to fully incorporate spatially variable land cover information into the parameter derivation process. Following that, finer-scale soils data (the county-level Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) (Soil Survey Staff, 2011a,b), together with the use of variable land cover data, were used to derive a third set of CONUS, a priori gridded parameters. It is anticipated that the second and third parameter sets, which incorporate more physical data, will be more realistic and consistent. Here, we evaluate whether this is actually the case by intercomparing these three sets of a priori parameters along with their associated hydrologic simulations which were generated by applying the National Weather Service Hydrology Laboratory's Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) (Koren et al., 2004) in a continuous fashion with an hourly time step. This model adopts a well-tested conceptual water balance model, SAC-SMA, applied on a regular spatial grid, and links to physically-based kinematic hillslope and channel routing models. Discharge and soil moisture simulated using the different set of parameters are presented to show how the parameters affect the results and under what conditions one set of parameters works better than another. In total, 63 basins ranging in size from 30 km(2) to 5224 km(2) were selected for this study. Sixteen of them were used to study the effects of different a priori parameters on simulated flow. Simulated hourly flow time series from three cases were compared to hourly observed data to compute statistics. Although the overall statistics are similar for the three different sets of parameters, improvements in simulated flow are observed for small basins when SSURGO-based parameters are used. Fifty-seven basins covering different climate regimes were used to analyze differences in the modeled soil moisture. Results again showed that the use of SSURGO-based parameters generate better soil moisture results when compared to STATSGO-based results, especially for the upper soil layer of smaller basins and wet basins. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Zhang, Ziya; Koren, Victor; Reed, Seann; Smith, Michael; Zhang, Yu; Cosgrove, Brian] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Moreda, Fekadu] RTI Int, Water & Ecosyst Management, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway,Room 8376, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Ziya.Zhang@noaa.gov
NR 32
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD FEB 14
PY 2012
VL 420
BP 216
EP 227
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.004
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 902ZF
UT WOS:000301082000018
ER
PT J
AU Schaeublin, NM
Braydich-Stolle, LK
Maurer, EI
Park, K
MacCuspie, RI
Afrooz, ARMN
Vaia, RA
Saleh, NB
Hussain, SM
AF Schaeublin, Nicole M.
Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.
Maurer, Elizabeth I.
Park, Kyoungweon
MacCuspie, Robert I.
Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul
Vaia, Richard A.
Saleh, Navid B.
Hussain, Saber M.
TI Does Shape Matter? Bioeffects of Gold Nanomaterials in a Human Skin Cell
Model
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY; PEG CHAIN-LENGTH; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; NANOPARTICLE
AGGREGATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BRAIN MICROGLIA; PROTEIN CORONA;
DNA-DAMAGE; NANORODS; SIZE
AB Gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) have distinctive electronic and optical properties, making them ideal candidates for biological, medical, and defense applications. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the potential biological impact of AuNMs before employing them in any application. This study investigates two AuNMs with different aspect ratios (AR) on mediation of biological responses in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) to model potential skin exposure to these AuNMs. The cellular responses were evaluated by cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, alteration in gene and protein expression, and inflammatory response. Gold nanospheres, nominally 20 nm in diameter and coated with mercaptopropane sulfonate (AuNS-MPS), formed agglomerates when dispersed in cell culture media, had a large fractal dimension (D-f = 2.57 +/- 0.4) (i.e., tightly bound and densely packed) and were found to be nontoxic even at the highest dose of 100 mu g/mL. Highly uniform, 16.7 nm diameter, and 43.8 nm long polyethylene glycol-capped gold nanorods (AuNR-PEG) also formed agglomerates when dispersed into the cell culture media. However, the agglomerates had a smaller fractal dimension (D-f = 1.28 +/- 0.08) (i.e., loosely bound) and were found to be cytotoxic to the HaCaT cells, with a significant decrease in cell viability occurring at 25 mu g/mL and higher. Moreover, AuNR-PEG caused significant ROS production and up-regulated several genes involved in cellular stress and toxicity. These results, combined with increased levels of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins, demonstrated that the AuNR-PEG induced apoptosis. Exposure to AuNS-MPS, however, did not show any of the detrimental effects observed from the AuNR-PEG. Therefore, we conclude that shape appears to play a key role in mediating the cellular response to AuNMs.
C1 [Schaeublin, Nicole M.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Maurer, Elizabeth I.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA.
[Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA.
[MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Afrooz, A. R. M. Nabiul; Saleh, Navid B.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45431 USA.
EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil
OI Afrooz, ARM/0000-0002-9141-9426; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499
FU AFSG; Henry M. Jackson Foundation
FX The authors thank Ms. Constance Estep for help with the viability assay,
Dr. Amanda Schrand for TEM imaging and EDAX, and Dr. Kristen Comfort for
her assistance with critical and constructive criticism. This work was
supported through AFSG funding. Ms. Schaeublin, Dr. Braydich-Stolle, and
Ms. Maurer are funded through the Henry M. Jackson Foundation.
NR 75
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 66
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD FEB 14
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 6
BP 3248
EP 3258
DI 10.1021/la204081m
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 890IO
UT WOS:000300138500025
PM 22242624
ER
PT J
AU Strychalski, EA
Geist, J
Gaitan, M
Locascio, LE
Stavis, SM
AF Strychalski, Elizabeth A.
Geist, Jon
Gaitan, Michael
Locascio, Laurie E.
Stavis, Samuel M.
TI Quantitative Measurements of the Size Scaling of Linear and Circular DNA
in Nanofluidic Slitlike Confinement
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID STATISTICS; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS
AB Quantitative size measurements of single linear and circular DNA molecules in nanofluidic slitlike confinement are reported. A novel experimental method using DNA entropophoresis down a nanofluidic staircase implemented comprehensive variation of slitlike confinement around d approximate to 2p, where d is the-slit depth and p is the persistence length, throughout the transition from strong to moderate confinement. A new numerical analysis approximated and corrected systematic imaging errors. Together, thee advances :enabled the first measurement of an experimental scaling relation between the in plane radius of gyration, R-||, and d, yielding R-|| similar to d(-1/6) for all DNA samples investigated This differs from the theoretical scaling relation, R-e similar to d(-1/4), for the root-mean-square end-to-end size, R-e. The use of different labeling ratios also allowed a new test of the influence of fluorescent labels on DNA persistence length. These results improve understanding of the basic physical behavior of polymers confined to nanofluidic slits and inform the design of nanofluidic technology for practical applications.
C1 [Strychalski, Elizabeth A.; Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Geist, Jon; Gaitan, Michael; Stavis, Samuel M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Strychalski, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM elizabeth.strychalski@nist.gov
OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X
FU National Research Council
FX This work was performed in part while EAS and SMS held National Research
Council Research Associateship Awards. Device fabrication was performed
at the Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility (CNF) and the
Cornell Center for Materials Research. Device characterization was
performed in part at the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors gratefully
acknowledge CNF staff for assistance with device fabrication, Andrew
Rukhin and Stefan Leigh for helpful discussions, and Robert Goldberg for
assistance with calculating ionic strength. Certain commercial
equipment, instruments, or materials are identified to specify
adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification implies
neither recommendation nor endorsement by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology nor that the materials or equipment identified
are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 30
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD FEB 14
PY 2012
VL 45
IS 3
BP 1602
EP 1611
DI 10.1021/ma202559k
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 890DB
UT WOS:000300124200053
ER
PT J
AU Makarova, KS
Koonin, EV
Kelman, Z
AF Makarova, Kira S.
Koonin, Eugene V.
Kelman, Zvi
TI The CMG (CDC45/RecJ, MCM, GINS) complex is a conserved component of the
DNA replication system in all archaea and eukaryotes
SO BIOLOGY DIRECT
LA English
DT Article
ID STRUCTURE PREDICTION; PROTEINS; HELICASE; DATABASE; GENOMES; INITIATION;
MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; DOMAIN; SERVER
AB Background: In eukaryotes, the CMG (CDC45, MCM, GINS) complex containing the replicative helicase MCM is a key player in DNA replication. Archaeal homologs of the eukaryotic MCM and GINS proteins have been identified but until recently no homolog of the CDC45 protein was known. Two recent developments, namely the discovery of archaeal (G) under bar INS (a) under bar ssociated (n) under bar uclease (GAN) that belongs to the RecJ family of the DHH hydrolase superfamily and the demonstration of homology between the DHH domains of CDC45 and RecJ, show that at least some Archaea possess a full complement of homologs of the CMG complex subunits. Here we present the results of in-depth phylogenomic analysis of RecJ homologs in archaea.
Results: We confirm and extend the recent hypothesis that CDC45 is the eukaryotic ortholog of the bacterial and archaeal RecJ family nucleases. At least one RecJ homolog was identified in all sequenced archaeal genomes, with the single exception of Caldivirga maquilingensis. These proteins include previously unnoticed remote RecJ homologs with inactivated DHH domain in Thermoproteales. Combined with phylogenetic tree reconstruction of diverse eukaryotic, archaeal and bacterial DHH subfamilies, this analysis yields a complex scenario of RecJ family evolution in Archaea which includes independent inactivation of the nuclease domain in Crenarchaeota and Halobacteria, and loss of this domain in Methanococcales.
Conclusions: The archaeal complex of a CDC45/RecJ homolog, MCM and GINS is homologous and most likely functionally analogous to the eukaryotic CMG complex, and appears to be a key component of the DNA replication machinery in all Archaea. It is inferred that the last common archaeo-eukaryotic ancestor encoded a CMG complex that contained an active nuclease of the RecJ family. The inactivated RecJ homologs in several archaeal lineages most likely are dedicated structural components of replication complexes.
Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Prof. Patrick Forterre, Dr. Stephen John Aves (nominated by Dr. Purificacion Lopez-Garcia) and Prof. Martijn Huynen.
For the full reviews, see the Reviewers' Comments section.
C1 [Makarova, Kira S.; Koonin, Eugene V.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NLM, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA.
[Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Makarova, KS (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NLM, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA.
EM makarova@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
FU NSF [MCB-0815646]; US Department of Health and Human Services (National
Library of Medicine)
FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant MCB-0815646 (to ZK). KSM
and EVK are supported by the intramural funds of the US Department of
Health and Human Services (National Library of Medicine). The
identification of specific commercial software products in this paper is
for the purpose of specifying a protocol, and does not imply a
recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology.
NR 38
TC 45
Z9 47
U1 1
U2 3
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1745-6150
J9 BIOL DIRECT
JI Biol. Direct
PD FEB 13
PY 2012
VL 7
AR 7
DI 10.1186/1745-6150-7-7
PG 10
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 913FE
UT WOS:000301860100001
PM 22329974
ER
PT J
AU Dyer, SD
Tanner, MG
Baek, B
Hadfield, RH
Nam, SW
AF Dyer, Shellee D.
Tanner, Michael G.
Baek, Burm
Hadfield, Robert H.
Nam, Sae Woo
TI Analysis of a distributed fiber-optic temperature sensor using
single-photon detectors
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL-FIBER
AB We demonstrate a high-accuracy distributed fiber-optic temperature sensor using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and single-photon counting techniques. Our demonstration uses inexpensive single-mode fiber at standard telecommunications wavelengths as the sensing fiber, which enables extremely low-loss experiments and compatibility with existing fiber networks. We show that the uncertainty of the temperature measurement decreases with longer integration periods, but is ultimately limited by the calibration uncertainty. Temperature uncertainty on the order of 3 K is possible with spatial resolution of the order of 1 cm and integration period as small as 60 seconds. Also, we show that the measurement is subject to systematic uncertainties, such as polarization fading, which can be reduced with a polarization diversity receiver. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Dyer, Shellee D.; Baek, Burm; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Tanner, Michael G.; Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sdyer@boulder.nist.gov
RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Tanner, Michael/A-4440-2012
OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187;
FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Royal Society
FX The authors are grateful to the National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology (NICT) of Japan for providing SNSPDs for this
experiment. MGT and RHH acknowledge funding from the UK Engineering and
Physical Sciences Research Council. RHH also acknowledges a Royal
Society University Research Fellowship. The authors thank Robert Maier
and Bill MacPherson for useful discussions.
NR 17
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 22
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD FEB 13
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 4
BP 3456
EP 3466
DI 10.1364/OE.20.003456
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 902MH
UT WOS:000301041900010
PM 22418104
ER
PT J
AU Stiehl, GM
Doriese, WB
Fowler, JW
Hilton, GC
Irwin, KD
Reintsema, CD
Schmidt, DR
Swetz, DS
Ullom, JN
Vale, LR
AF Stiehl, G. M.
Doriese, W. B.
Fowler, J. W.
Hilton, G. C.
Irwin, K. D.
Reintsema, C. D.
Schmidt, D. R.
Swetz, D. S.
Ullom, J. N.
Vale, L. R.
TI Code-division multiplexing for x-ray microcalorimeters
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARRAYS
AB We demonstrate the code-division multiplexing (CDM) readout of eight transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The energy resolution is 3.0 eV (full width at half-maximum) or better at 5.9 keV, with a best resolution of 2.3 eV and a mean of 2.6 eV over the seven modulated detectors. The flux-summing CDM system is described and compared with similar time-division multiplexing (TDM) readout. We show that the root N-pixels multiplexing disadvantage associated with TDM is not present in CDM. This demonstration establishes CDM as both a simple route to higher performance in existing TDM microcalorimetric experiments and a long-term approach to reaching higher multiplexing factors. [doi:10.1063/1.3684807]
C1 [Stiehl, G. M.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Stiehl, GM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM joe.fowler@nist.gov
FU NASA [NNG09WF27I]; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Fellowship
FX NASA grant NNG09WF27I and an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Fellowship to J.F. supported this work. Contribution of NIST, not
subject to copyright.
NR 13
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 13
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 7
AR 072601
DI 10.1063/1.3684807
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 894OR
UT WOS:000300436800049
ER
PT J
AU Riedl, S
Lettner, M
Vo, C
Baur, S
Rempe, G
Durr, S
AF Riedl, Stefan
Lettner, Matthias
Vo, Christoph
Baur, Simon
Rempe, Gerhard
Duerr, Stephan
TI Bose-Einstein condensate as a quantum memory for a photonic polarization
qubit
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; OPTICAL INFORMATION; SPATIAL
COHERENCE; ATOMIC VAPOR; STORAGE; LIGHT; PULSES; GAS
AB A scheme based on electromagnetically induced transparency is used to store light in a Bose-Einstein condensate. In this process, a photonic polarization qubit is stored in atomic Zeeman states. The performance of the storage process is characterized and optimized. The average process fidelity is 1.000 +/- 0.004. For long storage times, temporal fluctuations of the magnetic field reduce this value, yielding a lifetime of the fidelity of (1.1 +/- 0.2) ms. The write-read efficiency of the pulse energy can reach 0.53 +/- 0.05.
C1 [Riedl, Stefan; Lettner, Matthias; Vo, Christoph; Baur, Simon; Rempe, Gerhard; Duerr, Stephan] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
RP Riedl, S (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Durr, Stephan/C-3760-2017
OI Durr, Stephan/0000-0003-0811-6211
FU German Excellence Initiative through the Nanosystems Initiative Munich;
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 631]
FX We thank E. Figueroa and S. Ritter for discussions. This work was
supported by the German Excellence Initiative through the Nanosystems
Initiative Munich and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB
631.
NR 36
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U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB 13
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
AR 022318
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.022318
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 891RW
UT WOS:000300235300009
ER
PT J
AU Delaire, O
Stone, MB
Ma, J
Huq, A
Gout, D
Brown, C
Wang, KF
Ren, ZF
AF Delaire, O.
Stone, M. B.
Ma, J.
Huq, A.
Gout, D.
Brown, C.
Wang, K. F.
Ren, Z. F.
TI Anharmonic phonons and magnons in BiFeO3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MULTIFERROIC BIFEO3; RAMAN-SCATTERING; BISMUTH
FERRITE; CRYSTAL; DIFFRACTION; SYMMETRY; DYNAMICS
AB The phonon density of states (DOS) and magnetic excitation spectrum of polycrystalline BiFeO3 were measured for temperatures 200 <= T <= 750 K, using inelastic neutron scattering (INS). Our results indicate that the magnetic spectrum of BiFeO3 closely resembles that of similar Fe perovskites, such as LaFeO3, despite the cycloid modulation in BiFeO3. We do not find any evidence for a spin gap. A strong T dependence of the phonon DOS was found, with a marked broadening of the whole spectrum, providing evidence of strong anharmonicity. This anharmonicity is corroborated by large-amplitude motions of Bi and O ions observed with neutron diffraction. A clear anomaly is seen in the T dependence of Bi-dominated modes across the Neel transition. These results highlight the importance of spin-phonon coupling in this material.
C1 [Delaire, O.; Stone, M. B.; Ma, J.; Huq, A.; Gout, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Brown, C.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wang, K. F.; Ren, Z. F.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02467 USA.
RP Delaire, O (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Ma, Jie/C-1637-2013;
Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Wang, Kefeng/E-7683-2011; Brown,
Craig/B-5430-2009; Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013
OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Wang, Kefeng/0000-0002-8449-9720;
Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649
FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US
Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; US
Department of Energy [DOE DE-FG02-00ER45805]
FX The Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron
Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This work utilized
facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The work performed at Boston College is
funded by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE
DE-FG02-00ER45805 (Z.F.R.).
NR 37
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U1 6
U2 56
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 13
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 6
AR 064405
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.064405
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 891SZ
UT WOS:000300238200007
ER
PT J
AU Kot, BW
Sears, R
Anis, A
Nowacek, DP
Gedamke, J
Marshall, CD
AF Kot, Brian W.
Sears, Richard
Anis, Ayal
Nowacek, Douglas P.
Gedamke, Jason
Marshall, Christopher D.
TI Behavioral responses of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) to
experimental fishing gear in a coastal environment
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Behavior; Entanglements; Fishing gear; Minke whale; Sensory
capabilities; Vocalizations
ID HUMPBACK WHALES; ENTANGLEMENTS; IDENTIFICATION; BALEEN; TRAINS; OCEAN;
BLUE; SIZE
AB Whale entanglement in fishing gear is a global problem, and underwater ropes associated with this gear are often the cause of injuries that can lead to fatalities. Minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) are especially at risk because they are relatively small, widely distributed, and often occur in coastal habitats where many types of fishing gear are deployed. It is unknown whether minke whales can detect and avoid ropes associated with fishing gear. To address this question we conducted a series of field experiments to measure behavioral responses of nearshore minke whales to underwater ropes simulating crab and whelk fishing gear. We also investigated correlations between whale behaviors and specific environmental variables. Our methods involved both visual and acoustic monitoring of whale behaviors near experimental ropes and buoys of different colors. A remote sensing system was also used to simultaneously monitor oceanographic conditions, record underwater sounds, and capture underwater video of whales swimming near ropes. Minke whales (N=42) decreased their swimming velocity and altered their bearing when passing near experimental ropes, especially during trials with white and black ropes. Some minkes (N=7) also altered their underwater swimming trajectories when passing near ropes, and often appeared to produce low-frequency vocalizations. Collectively this information provides strong evidence that minke whales detect and react behaviorally to the presence of underwater ropes that simulate fishing gear in nearshore areas. We hypothesize that visual and perhaps passive acoustic sensory abilities may be the mechanisms behind these rope avoidance behaviors. We recommend that high contrast ropes (white and black) be used with fishing gear in coastal areas to help minimize entanglements of minke and perhaps other whale species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kot, Brian W.; Marshall, Christopher D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA.
[Kot, Brian W.; Sears, Richard] Mingan Isl Cetacean Study Inc, Quebec City, PQ G0G 1V0, Canada.
[Anis, Ayal] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 78433 USA.
[Anis, Ayal] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Galveston, TX 77553 USA.
[Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Ocean Acoust Program, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Marshall, Christopher D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 78433 USA.
RP Kot, BW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553 USA.
EM kotb@tamug.edu
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2010-0073-006]; U.S. Marine
Mammal Commission [2010-0073-006]; Department of Marine Biology at Texas
AM University
FX We thank all participating personnel from the Mingan Island Cetacean
Study, Inc. (MICS) and Duke University Marine Lab for their logistical
assistance in this project. We also thank the undergraduate research
assistants in the Ecomorphology and Comparative Physiology Lab at Texas
A&M University for their annotation of video footage. Bill Russell was
central to camera pod fabrication. Julien Delarue and Jonathan Vallarta
of JASCO Research, Ltd. provided helpful guidance with acoustic
equipment preparations and field configurations. All field research was
conducted under Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada research
permit to MICS (QUE03-2010). Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
permits were approved through Texas A&M University (#2010-81). Funding
for this project was provided to BWK by a collaborative program between
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the U.S. Marine Mammal
Commission (project #2010-0073-006), and the Department of Marine
Biology at Texas A&M University. [RH]
NR 41
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U1 3
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD FEB 10
PY 2012
VL 413
BP 13
EP 20
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.11.018
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 902IJ
UT WOS:000301031500003
ER
PT J
AU Long, WC
Hines, AH
AF Long, William Christopher
Hines, Anson H.
TI Scale and the guild functional response: Density-dependent predation
varies with plot size
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Density-dependent effects; Functional response; Mercenaria mercenaria;
Predation; Spatial scale
ID CRABS CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BLUE CRABS; PATCH SIZE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
FISH POPULATIONS; PREY MORTALITY; INTERFERENCE; PATTERNS; BIVALVE;
LANDSCAPE
AB The predator functional response is an important mechanism determining the persistence of prey species; however, little is known about the effects of spatial scale on the functional response. We used a manipulative field experiment to quantify the effects of plot size on the guild functional response on the clam Mercenaria mercenaria, replicating the experiment in the summer in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, and in the spring and fall in Indian River Lagoon, Florida, to examine the effects of predator and alternative prey abundance. In Virginia, the predation rate increased with both patch size and predator density, and was described by a modified sigmoid Type III functional response model that incorporated the effects of patch size. In Florida in the spring, the predator functional response was a Type III and did not vary with plot size, but in the fall it was a linear Type I at small plot sizes, and a Type III at a larger plot size. We hypothesize that the difference is primarily driven by changes in predator abundance and species between sites. In showing that the functional response can vary with plot size and season, our results indicate that small-scale experiments do not always scale up spatially or temporally. We suggest that the predictive power of such experiments may be limited by the complexity of the food web. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Long, William Christopher; Hines, Anson H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA.
RP Long, WC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
EM Chris.Long@noaa.gov
RI Long, William/C-7074-2009
OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245
FU PADI Foundation; Smithsonian Marine Science Network; NOAA Chesapeake Bay
Program Office to the Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium
FX We thank J. Majoris, B. Tunberg, S. Reed, M. Jones, M. Stevens, E.
Linley, J. Lin, H. Reichardt, M. Luckenbach and all the staff and
scientists at the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Florida,
and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science's Eastern Shore Laboratory
for help with planning, field work, and laboratory work. We thank Judge
Northam for letting us use his property and boat ramp. We thank
Cherrystone Aquafarms and Clams R Us for providing clams. Critical
comments on earlier versions of this paper by J. Long, R. Foy, the AFSC
publications office, and anonymous reviewers substantially improved the
manuscript. Funding was provided by a grant from the PADI Foundation to
WCL, a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship to
WCL, and from the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office to the Blue Crab
Advanced Research Consortium. The findings and conclusions in the paper
are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of
the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. [ST]
NR 35
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Z9 5
U1 1
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD FEB 10
PY 2012
VL 413
BP 50
EP 55
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.11.015
PG 6
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 902IJ
UT WOS:000301031500008
ER
PT J
AU Shaw, JM
Nembach, HT
Silva, TJ
AF Shaw, Justin M.
Nembach, Hans T.
Silva, T. J.
TI Determination of spin pumping as a source of linewidth in sputtered
Co90Fe10/Pd multilayers by use of broadband ferromagnetic resonance
spectroscopy
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; CO/PT MULTILAYERS; CO/NI MULTILAYERS;
DAMPING CONSTANT; EXCHANGE; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SCATTERING; REVERSAL;
BILAYERS
AB We performed a systematic study of damping in Co90Fe10/Pd multilayers by use of broadband (1-60 GHz) ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy in the perpendicular geometry. The data were fitted with the conventional Landau-Lifshitz equation in conjunction with an inhomogeneous contribution to linewidth Delta H-0. Samples were prepared with net perpendicular anisotropy field values ranging from -0.5 to + 1.2 T. Delta H-0 shows a dependence on the perpendicular anisotropy, though the Landau-Lifshitz damping parameter alpha, which ranged from 0.016 to 0.04, exhibits no trend as a function of anisotropy. We explain the wide variation of alpha as a result of spin pumping from Co90Fe10 into adjacent nonmagnetic layers. We use a quantitative model for spin pumping that includes the intrinsic spin-mixing conductance at the Co90Fe10/Pd interface and the spin-diffusion length of Pd, which were experimentally measured at room temperature to be (1.07 +/- 0.13) x 10(19) m(-2) and 8.6 +/- 1.0 nm, respectively. We quantitatively show how alpha is enhanced by spin pumping through an FMR investigation of individual Pd/CoFe/Pd, and Pd/CoFe/Pd/CoFe/Pd layer structures.
C1 [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, T. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM justin.shaw@nist.gov
RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Gastelois, Pedro/F-3891-2012; Silva,
Thomas/C-7605-2013
OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642
NR 51
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 4
U2 44
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 10
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 5
AR 054412
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.054412
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 889PJ
UT WOS:000300085400003
ER
PT J
AU Killgore, JP
Hurley, DC
AF Killgore, Jason P.
Hurley, Donna C.
TI Low-force AFM nanomechanics with higher-eigenmode contact resonance
spectroscopy
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSCOPE CANTILEVERS; ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; VIBRATION
AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods for quantitative measurements of elastic modulus on stiff (>10 GPa) materials typically require tip-sample contact forces in the range from hundreds of nanonewtons to a few micronewtons. Such large forces can cause sample damage and preclude direct measurement of ultrathin films or nanofeatures. Here, we present a contact resonance spectroscopy AFM technique that utilizes a cantilever's higher flexural eigenmodes to enable modulus measurements with contact forces as low as 10 nN, even on stiff materials. Analysis with a simple analytical beam model of spectra for a compliant cantilever's fourth and fifth flexural eigenmodes in contact yielded good agreement with bulk measurements of modulus on glass samples in the 50-75 GPa range. In contrast, corresponding analysis of the conventionally used first and second eigenmode spectra gave poor agreement under the experimental conditions. We used finite element analysis to understand the dynamic contact response of a cantilever with a physically realistic geometry. Compared to lower eigenmodes, the results from higher modes are less affected by model parameters such as lateral stiffness that are either unknown or not considered in the analytical model. Overall, the technique enables local mechanical characterization of materials previously inaccessible to AFM-based nanomechanics methods.
C1 [Killgore, Jason P.; Hurley, Donna C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Killgore, Jason P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Killgore, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM jason.killgore@nist.gov
NR 30
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U1 1
U2 28
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD FEB 10
PY 2012
VL 23
IS 5
AR 055702
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/5/055702
PG 10
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 879FV
UT WOS:000299316000016
PM 22236758
ER
PT J
AU Cygan, A
Lisak, D
Wojtewicz, S
Domyslawska, J
Hodges, JT
Trawinski, RS
Ciurylo, R
AF Cygan, A.
Lisak, D.
Wojtewicz, S.
Domyslawska, J.
Hodges, J. T.
Trawinski, R. S.
Ciurylo, R.
TI High-signal-to-noise-ratio laser technique for accurate measurements of
spectral line parameters
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID DEPENDENT COLLISIONAL WIDTH; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CAVITY RING; LINESHAPE
MODELS; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; A-BAND; SYMMETRIZATION POSTULATE; SPIN-0
PARTICLES; BROADENED HF; H2O LINES
AB An experiment enabling extremely high signal-to-noise ratios in the measurement of spectral line shapes is described. This approach, which combines high-bandwidth locking of a continuous wave probe laser and the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique, enables long-term signal averaging and yields high-resolution spectra with a relatively wide dynamic range and low detection limit. By probing rovibronic transitions of the O-16(2) B band near lambda = 689 nm, exceptionally precise measurements of absorption line shape and line position are demonstrated. A signal-to-noise ratio of 220 000 and a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 2.4 x 10(-11) cm(-1) is reported, which corresponds to the lowest line intensity measurable by this setup of approximately 1.3 x 10(-30) cm(- 1)/(molecule cm(-2)). Careful analysis of the data revealed a subtle line-shape asymmetry that could be explained by the speed dependence of the collisional shift. The demonstrated measurement precision enables the quantification of systematic line-shape deviations, which were approximately 1 part in 80 000 of the peak absorption. The influence of slowly drifting etaloning effects on the precision of the line-shape analysis is discussed. How this method can enable experiments that address a number of fundamental physical problems including the accurate optical measurement of the Boltzmann constant and tests of the symmetrization postulate is also discussed.
C1 [Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.; Wojtewicz, S.; Domyslawska, J.; Trawinski, R. S.; Ciurylo, R.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fiz, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
[Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cygan, A (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fiz, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
RI Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Trawinski, Ryszard
/G-3523-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Domyslawska,
Jolanta/H-7167-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015
FU Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35]; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM; EU;
Polish NCN [N N202 2392 40]; National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST)
FX We would like to thank Dr. Alan S. Pine for valuable discussions and
critical comments on this work. The research is part of the program of
the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland, and is supported by the
Polish MNISW, Project No. N N202 1255 35. The research was partially
supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co-financed
by the EU European Regional Development Fund. A.C. is supported by the
Polish NCN, Project No. N N202 2392 40. J.T.H. was supported in part by
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas
and Climate Science Measurements Program.
NR 91
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U1 3
U2 36
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB 9
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
AR 022508
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.022508
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 889OF
UT WOS:000300082300002
ER
PT J
AU Holman, KD
Gronewold, A
Notaro, M
Zarrin, A
AF Holman, K. D.
Gronewold, A.
Notaro, M.
Zarrin, A.
TI Improving historical precipitation estimates over the Lake Superior
basin
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-LAKES; REGIONAL CLIMATE; SIMULATION; IMPACTS; SYSTEM
AB Lake Superior, the northern-most of the Laurentian Great Lakes, is the largest (by surface area) freshwater lake on the planet. Due in part to its high water surface to land area ratio, over one-third of the Lake Superior basin water budget is derived from precipitation falling directly on the lake surface. For most of the Great Lakes (including Lake Superior), historical precipitation estimates extend back to the early 1880s, and are based primarily on land-based gauge measurements. While alternatives to gauge-based estimates have been explored, there is no clear history of applying regional climate models (RCMs) to improve historical over-lake precipitation estimates. To address this gap in regional research, and to advance the state-of-the-art in Great Lakes regional hydrological modeling, we compare 21 years of output (1980-2000) from an RCM to conventional gauge-based precipitation estimates for the same time period over the Lake Superior basin. We find that the RCM, unlike the gauge-based method, simulates realistic variations in over-lake atmospheric stability, which propagate into basin-wide precipitation estimates with a relatively low over-lake to over-land precipitation ratio in warm months (roughly 0.7 to 0.8 in June, July, and August) and a relatively high over-lake to over-land precipitation ratio in cold months (roughly 1.3 to 1.4 in December and January), compared to gauge-based estimates. Our findings underscore a need to potentially update historical gauge-based precipitation estimates for large lake systems, including Lake Superior, and that RCMs appear to provide a robust and defensible basis for making those updates. Citation: Holman, K. D., A. Gronewold, M. Notaro, and A. Zarrin (2012), Improving historical precipitation estimates over the Lake Superior basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L03405, doi:10.1029/2011GL050468.
C1 [Holman, K. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Holman, K. D.; Notaro, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Gronewold, A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Zarrin, A.] Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad, Dept Geog, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran.
RP Holman, KD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM kdholman@wisc.edu
OI Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529
FU CILER; EPA through the Michigan DNR; NOAA CCDD
FX Funding for this research was provided by the CILER Summer Fellowship
Program, EPA through the Michigan DNR, and NOAA CCDD. Computational
resources were provided through the Teragrid by the University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of Texas at Austin. The
NOAA CoastWatch program provided the GLSEA data. The authors would like
to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, Tim
Hunter from NOAA-GLERL for providing access to the Thiessen polygon
precipitation dataset and Val Bennington for important suggestions. This
paper is GLERL contribution 1614. Nelson Institute Center for Climatic
Research publication 1072.
NR 34
TC 18
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U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD FEB 9
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L03405
DI 10.1029/2011GL050468
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 891UB
UT WOS:000300241000005
ER
PT J
AU Codrescu, MV
Negrea, C
Fedrizzi, M
Fuller-Rowell, TJ
Dobin, A
Jakowsky, N
Khalsa, H
Matsuo, T
Maruyama, N
AF Codrescu, Mihail V.
Negrea, Catalin
Fedrizzi, Mariangel
Fuller-Rowell, T. J.
Dobin, Alison
Jakowsky, Norbert
Khalsa, Hargobind
Matsuo, Tomoko
Maruyama, Naomi
TI A real-time run of the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere
Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MIGRATING SOLAR TIDES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS;
LATITUDE THERMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; DRIFT
AB The availability of unprecedented amounts of real-time data from Global Navigation Satellite Systems and ionosondes coupled with new and more stringent requirements for specification and forecast of the neutral and electron densities in the thermosphere-ionosphere system are driving a new wave of development in data assimilation schemes for the thermosphere and ionosphere. However, such schemes require accurate knowledge of any biases affecting the state-propagating models, and characterizing such biases involves significant effort. A first step in the estimation of the model biases, a steady state neutral temperature comparison with the empirical Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter model, was published in Space Weather in 2008. Here we present another step in the validation of the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) general circulation model in preparation for its future inclusion in a data assimilation scheme. We describe an implementation of the model at the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) and present real-time comparisons between CTIPe and GPS total electron content and F-2 layer ionosonde measurements. The CTIPe results are generated automatically about 20 min ahead of real time. The model inputs are based on NASA's Advanced Composition Explorer and F10.7 data available in the SWPC database. The results and the comparison with measurements for the current 2-week period are available at http://helios.swpc.noaa.gov/ctipe/. The results are quite encouraging and offer hope that physics-based models can compete with empirical models during quiet times and have tremendous potential to provide more reliable forecasts during periods of geomagnetic disturbance.
C1 [Codrescu, Mihail V.; Negrea, Catalin; Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Dobin, Alison; Khalsa, Hargobind; Matsuo, Tomoko; Maruyama, Naomi] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Negrea, Catalin; Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Dobin, Alison; Khalsa, Hargobind; Matsuo, Tomoko; Maruyama, Naomi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Jakowsky, Norbert] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Commun & Nav, D-17235 Neustrelitz, Germany.
RP Codrescu, MV (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, W NP9,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Mihail.Codrescu@noaa.gov
RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012; Negrea, Catalin/A-4321-2017
FU National Science Foundation [0642453]
FX This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation award
0642453.
NR 34
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD FEB 9
PY 2012
VL 10
AR S02001
DI 10.1029/2011SW000736
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 891SK
UT WOS:000300236700001
ER
PT J
AU Patridge, CJ
Whittaker, L
Ravel, B
Banerjee, S
AF Patridge, Christopher J.
Whittaker, Luisa
Ravel, Bruce
Banerjee, Sarbajit
TI Elucidating the Influence of Local Structure Perturbations on the
Metal-Insulator Transitions of V1-xMoxO2 Nanowires: Mechanistic Insights
from an X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID SOL-GEL METHOD; DOPED VANADIUM DIOXIDE; PHASE-TRANSITION;
ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; VO2; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA; COATINGS;
TUNGSTEN
AB The substitutional doping of Mo within VO2 substantially alters the electronic and structural phase diagrams of the host lattice, most notably by bringing the technologically relevant metal-insulator phase transition temperature in closer proximity to room temperature. Here, we have used X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy at V and Mo K-edges to examine the local electronic and geometric structure of both the dopant atoms and the host lattice. A nominal Mo oxidation state of +5 has been determined, which implies electron doping of the VO2 band structure. In addition, XAFS studies suggest that doping with Mo creates locally symmetric domains that are more akin to the high-temperature rutile phase of VO2, thereby lowering activation energy barriers for structural transformation to the metallic phase. Substantial rectification of octahedral canting is also observed upon Mo doping, which has the effect of decreasing V 3d-O 2p hybridization and likely assists in closing the characteristic band gap of the low-temperature monoclinic phase. A correlated set of cationic interactions is seen to emerge with increasing Mo doping, which can be ascribed to local dimerization along the rutile c axis as has been proposed to be a characteristic structural feature of a correlated metallic phase with intermediate mass.
C1 [Patridge, Christopher J.; Whittaker, Luisa; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
[Ravel, Bruce] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM sb244@buffalo.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0847169]; Research Corporation for
Science Advancement; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation
under DMR 0847169 and the Research Corporation for Science Advancement
through a Cottrell Scholar Fellowship. Certain commercial names are
presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not
constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 45
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 43
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD FEB 9
PY 2012
VL 116
IS 5
BP 3728
EP 3736
DI 10.1021/jp2091335
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 888DZ
UT WOS:000299985300065
ER
PT J
AU Smith, MB
Gupta, HV
AF Smith, Michael B.
Gupta, Hoshin V.
TI The Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP) - Phase 2
experiments in the Oklahoma Region, USA Preface
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Smith, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Gupta, Hoshin V.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Smith, MB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM michael.smith@noaa.gov; hoshin.gupta@hwr.arizona.edu
RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010
OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 418
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.036
PG 2
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 904AF
UT WOS:000301165300001
ER
PT J
AU Smith, MB
Koren, V
Reed, S
Zhang, ZY
Zhang, Y
Moreda, F
Cui, ZT
Mizukami, N
Anderson, EA
Cosgrove, BA
AF Smith, Michael B.
Koren, Victor
Reed, Seann
Zhang, Ziya
Zhang, Yu
Moreda, Fekadu
Cui, Zhengtao
Mizukami, Naoki
Anderson, Eric A.
Cosgrove, Brian A.
TI The distributed model intercomparison project - Phase 2: Motivation and
design of the Oklahoma experiments
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Distributed hydrologic model; Rainfall runoff; Hillslope routing;
Channel routing; Streamflow simulation; Lumped model
ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; MEAN AREAL PRECIPITATION; SOIL-MOISTURE;
HYDROLOGIC MODEL; STREAMFLOW SIMULATION; RIVER-BASIN; AUTOMATIC
CALIBRATION; WATER-BALANCE; SURFACE; NEXRAD
AB The Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) conducted the second phase of the Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP 2). After DMIP 1, the NWS recognized the need for additional science experiments to guide its research-to-operations path towards advanced hydrologic models for river and water resources forecasting. This was accentuated by the need to develop a broader spectrum of water resources forecasting products (such as soil moisture) in addition to the more traditional river, flash flood, and water supply forecasts. As it did for DMIP 1, the NWS sought the input and contributions from the hydrologic research community.
DMIP 1 showed that using operational precipitation data, some distributed models could indeed perform as well as lumped models in several basins and better than lumped models for one basin. However, in general, the improvements were more limited than anticipated by the scientific community. Models combining so-called conceptual rainfall-runoff mechanisms with physically-based routing schemes achieved the best overall performance. Clear gains were achieved through calibration of model parameters, with the average performance of calibrated models being better than uncalibrated models. DMIP 1 experiments were hampered by temporally-inconsistent precipitation data and few runoff events in the verification period for some basins. Greater uncertainty in modeling small basins was noted, pointing to the need for additional tests of nested basins of various sizes.
DMIP 2 experiments in the Oklahoma (OK) region were more comprehensive than in DMIP 1, and were designed to improve our understanding beyond what was learned in DMIP 1. Many more stream gauges were located, allowing for more rigorous testing of simulations at interior points. These included two new gauged interior basins that had drainage areas smaller than the smallest in DMIP 1. Soil moisture and routing experiments were added to further assess if distributed models could accurately model basin-interior processes. A longer period of higher quality precipitation data was available, and facilitated a test to note the impacts of data quality on model calibration. Moreover, the DMIP 2 calibration and verification periods contained more runoff events for analysis. Two lumped models were used to define a robust benchmark for evaluating the improvement of distributed models compared to lumped models. Fourteen groups participated in DMIP 2 using a total of sixteen models. Ten of these models were not in DMIP 1.
This paper presents the motivation for DMIP 2 Oklahoma experiments, discusses the major project elements, and describes the data and models used. In addition, the paper introduces the findings, which are covered in a companion results paper (Smith et al., this issue). Lastly, the paper summarizes the DMIP 1 and 2 experiments with commentary from the NWS perspective. Future papers will cover the DMIP 2 experiments in the western USA mountainous basins. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Smith, Michael B.; Koren, Victor; Reed, Seann; Zhang, Ziya; Zhang, Yu; Cui, Zhengtao; Mizukami, Naoki; Anderson, Eric A.; Cosgrove, Brian A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Moreda, Fekadu] RTI Int, Water & Ecosyst Management, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Smith, MB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM michael.smith@noaa.gov
RI Mizukami, Naoki/J-7027-2015
NR 117
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 2
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 418
BP 3
EP 16
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.055
PG 14
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 904AF
UT WOS:000301165300002
ER
PT J
AU Smith, MB
Koren, V
Zhang, ZY
Zhang, Y
Reed, SM
Cui, ZT
Moreda, F
Cosgrove, BA
Mizukami, N
Anderson, EA
AF Smith, Michael B.
Koren, Victor
Zhang, Ziya
Zhang, Yu
Reed, Seann M.
Cui, Zhengtao
Moreda, Fekadu
Cosgrove, Brian A.
Mizukami, Naoki
Anderson, Eric A.
CA DMIP 2 Participants
TI Results of the DMIP 2 Oklahoma experiments
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Distributed hydrologic modeling; Model intercomparison; Rainfall-runoff;
Hydrologic simulation; Soil moisture; Channel routing
ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODEL; AMPT INFILTRATION
PARAMETERS; RIVER-BASIN EXPERIMENT; WATER-BALANCE MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE;
AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; STREAMFLOW SIMULATION; GRIDDED PRECIPITATION;
MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES
AB Phase 2 of the Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP 2) was formulated primarily as a mechanism to help guide the US National Weather Service (NWS) as it expands its use of spatially distributed watershed models for operational river, flash flood, and water resources forecasting. The overall purpose of DMIP 2 was to test many distributed models with operational quality data with a view towards meeting NWS operational forecasting needs. At the same time, DMIP 2 was formulated as an experiment that could be leveraged by the broader scientific community as a platform for testing, evaluating, and improving the science of spatially distributed models.
This paper presents the key results of the DMIP 2 experiments conducted for the Oklahoma region, which included comparison of lumped and distributed model simulations generated with uncalibrated and calibrated parameters, water balance tests, routing and soil moisture tests, and simulations at interior locations. Simulations from 14 independent groups and 16 models are analyzed. As in DMIP 1, the participant simulations were evaluated against observed hourly streamflow data and compared with simulations generated by the NWS operational lumped model. A wide range of statistical measures are used to evaluate model performance on both run-period and event basis. A noteworthy improvement in DMIP 2 was the combined use of two lumped models to form the benchmark for event improvement statistics, where improvement was measured in terms of runoff volume, peak flow, and peak timing for between 20 and 40 events in each basin.
Results indicate that in general, those spatially distributed models that are calibrated to perform well for basin outlet simulations also, in general, perform well at interior points whose drainage areas cover a wide range of scales. Two of the models were able to provide reasonable estimates of soil moisture versus depth over a wide geographic domain and through a period containing two severe droughts. In several parent and interior basins, a few uncalibrated spatially distributed models were able to achieve better goodness-of-fit statistics than other calibrated distributed models, highlighting the strength of those model structures combined with their a priori parameters. In general, calibration solely at basin outlets alone was not able to greatly improve relative model performance beyond that established by using uncalibrated a priori parameters. Further, results from the experiment for returning DMIP 1 participants reinforce the need for stationary data for model calibration: in some cases, the improvements gained by distributed models compared to lumped were not realized when the models were calibrated using inconsistent precipitation data from DMIP 1. Event-average improvement of distributed models over the combined lumped benchmark was measured in terms of runoff volume, peak flow, and peak timing for between 20 and 40 events. The percentage of model-basin pairs having positive distributed model improvement at basin outlets and interior points was 18%, 24%, and 28% respectively, for these quantities. These values correspond to 14%, 33%, and 22% respectively, in DMIP 1. While there may not seem to be much gain compared to DMIP 1 results, the DMIP 2 values were based on more precipitation-runoff events, more model-basin combinations (148 versus 51), more interior ungauged points (9 versus 3), and a benchmark comprised of two lumped model simulations.
In addition, we propose a set of statistical measures that can be used to guide the calibration of distributed and lumped models for operational forecasting. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Smith, Michael B.; Koren, Victor; Zhang, Ziya; Zhang, Yu; Reed, Seann M.; Cui, Zhengtao; Cosgrove, Brian A.; Mizukami, Naoki; Anderson, Eric A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Moreda, Fekadu] RTI Int, Water & Ecosyst Management, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Smith, MB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM michael.smith@noaa.gov
RI Safari, Ali/F-6313-2012; Tian, Fuqiang/M-9958-2013; Mizukami,
Naoki/J-7027-2015
OI Safari, Ali/0000-0002-7923-3186; Tian, Fuqiang/0000-0001-9414-7019;
NR 153
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 418
BP 17
EP 48
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.056
PG 32
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 904AF
UT WOS:000301165300003
ER
PT J
AU Safari, A
De Smedt, F
Moreda, F
AF Safari, Alireza
De Smedt, F.
Moreda, Fekadu
TI WetSpa model application in the Distributed Model Intercomparison
Project (DMIP2)
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE WetSpa; DMIP; NEXRAD rainfall data; Streamflow simulation; PEST; Ungaged
basin
ID HYDROLOGIC MODEL; CALIBRATION; CONSTRUCTION; VALIDATION; SIMULATION;
ALGORITHM; INDEX; BASIN
AB This paper describes the application of a spatially distributed hydrologic model (WetSpa) Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and Atmosphere, for the second phase of the Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP2) study. The model implementation is based on 30-m spatial resolution and 1 h time-step for all basins and interior watersheds involved in the DMIP study. Rainfall inputs are derived from Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD). The distributed model parameters are based on an extensive database of watershed characteristics available for the region, including digital maps of topography, soil type, and landuse. The model is calibrated and validated on part of the river flow records for each basin and applied to the smaller interior watersheds not used in calibration to assess the model performance in ungaged basins. The statistics improve significantly with calibration of the global model parameters but even for uncalibrated simulations, the WetSpa model reproduces flow rates of acceptable accuracy for most cases. To evaluate the model performance during calibration and validation periods, an Aggregated Measure (AM) is introduced that measures different aspects of the simulated hydrograph such as shape, size and volume. The statistics for the five calibration basins show that the model produces very good to excellent results for the calibration period. With the exception of Blue River basin, the overall model performance for the validation period remains good to very good, indicating that the model is able to simulate the relevant hydrologic processes in the basins accurately. The performance of the uncalibrated model for the subcatchments is more variable, but the hourly flow rates generally reproduced with reasonable accuracy indicating an encouraging performance of the model. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Safari, Alireza; De Smedt, F.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Hydrol & Hydraul Engn, Brussels, Belgium.
[Moreda, Fekadu] Riverside Technol Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Moreda, Fekadu] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Safari, A (reprint author), Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Hydrol & Hydraul Engn, Brussels, Belgium.
EM asafarim@vub.ac.be
RI Safari, Ali/F-6313-2012;
OI Safari, Ali/0000-0002-7923-3186; De Smedt, Florimond/0000-0002-4075-788X
NR 38
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 418
BP 78
EP 89
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.001
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 904AF
UT WOS:000301165300006
ER
PT J
AU Ma, HR
Gibson, EA
Dittmer, PJ
Jimenez, R
Palmer, AE
AF Ma, Hairong
Gibson, Emily A.
Dittmer, Philip J.
Jimenez, Ralph
Palmer, Amy E.
TI High-Throughput Examination of Fluorescence Resonance Energy
Transfer-Detected Metal-Ion Response in Mammalian Cells
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GENETICALLY ENCODED SENSORS; CA2+ INDICATORS; LIVING CELLS;
MICROFLUIDICS; KINETICS; PHYSICS
AB Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based genetically encoded metal-ion sensors are important tools for studying metal-ion dynamics in live cells. We present a time-resolved microfluidic flow cytometer capable of characterizing the FRET-based dynamic response of metal-ion sensors in mammalian cells at a throughput of 15 cells/s with a time window encompassing a few milliseconds to a few seconds after mixing of cells with exogenous ligands. We have used the instrument to examine the cellular heterogeneity of Zn2+ and Ca2+ sensor FRET response amplitudes and demonstrated that the cluster maps of the Zn2+ sensor FRET changes resolve multiple subpopulations. We have also measured the in vivo sensor response kinetics induced by changes in Zn2+ and Ca2+ concentrations. We observed an similar to 30 fold difference between the extracellular and intracellular sensors.
C1 [Ma, Hairong; Gibson, Emily A.; Dittmer, Philip J.; Jimenez, Ralph; Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ma, Hairong; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ma, Hairong; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM rjimenez@jilau1.colorado.edu; amy.palmer@colorado.edu
FU CU-NIST; NIH [GM083849, GM084027]; JILA Physics Frontier Center;
Biophysics Training Grant [T32 GM-065103]
FX We acknowledge financial support from a CU-NIST seed grant, from NIH
Grants GM083849 (to A.E.P. and R.J.) and GM084027 (to A.E.P.), and from
the JILA Physics Frontier Center (to R.J.). R.J. is a staff member in
the Quantum Physics Division of NIST. P.J.D. was supported by a
Biophysics Training Grant (T32 GM-065103).
NR 22
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 32
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 134
IS 5
BP 2488
EP 2491
DI 10.1021/ja2101592
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 894XK
UT WOS:000300460600011
PM 22260720
ER
PT J
AU Pfefferkorn, CM
Heinrich, F
Sodt, AJ
Maltsev, AS
Pastor, RW
Lee, JC
AF Pfefferkorn, Candace M.
Heinrich, Frank
Sodt, Alexander J.
Maltsev, Alexander S.
Pastor, Richard W.
Lee, Jennifer C.
TI Depth of alpha-Synuclein in a Bilayer Determined by Fluorescence,
Neutron Reflectometry, and Computation
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SOLUTION NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PULSED ESR
MEASUREMENTS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE; SECONDARY
STRUCTURE; IN-VITRO; VESICLE PERMEABILIZATION; PHOSPHOLIPID-BINDING;
MEMBRANE INTERACTION
AB alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn) membrane interactions are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Fluorescence and neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements reveal that alpha-syn penetrates similar to 9-14 angstrom into the outer leaflet of the bilayer, with a substantial portion of the membrane-bound polypeptide extending into the aqueous solvent. For the first time, to our knowledge, we used NR to obtain direct quantitative evidence of alpha-syn-induced membrane thinning. To examine the effect of specific residues on membrane penetration depths, we used a series of W4-containing N-terminal peptides. We identified that the first 15 residues (P15) nearly recapitulate the features of the full-length protein (i.e., partition constants, molecular Mobility, and insertion of the W4 side chain into the bilayer), and found that as few as the first four N-terminal residues are sufficient for vesicle binding. Although at least one imperfect amphipathic repeat sequence (KAKEGV) is required for alpha-helical formation, secondary structural formation has little effect on membrane affinity. To develop an N-terminal alpha-syn model for bilayer interactions, we performed molecular-dynamics simulations of the P15 peptide submerged in a bilayer. The simulation results are highly consistent with experimental data indicating a broad low-energy region (8.5-14.5 angstrom) for W4 insertion.
C1 [Pfefferkorn, Candace M.; Lee, Jennifer C.] NHLBI, Lab Mol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Sodt, Alexander J.; Pastor, Richard W.] NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Maltsev, Alexander S.] NIDDK, Lab Chem Phys, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Heinrich, Frank] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lee, JC (reprint author), NHLBI, Lab Mol Biophys, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM leej4@mail.nih.gov
RI Maltsev, Alexander/A-8175-2012; Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Lee,
Jennifer/E-9658-2015
OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Lee, Jennifer/0000-0003-0506-8349
FU NHLBI; NIDDK, National Institutes of Health
FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NHLBI
and NIDDK, National Institutes of Health. Research was performed in part
at the NIST for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
NR 88
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 30
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 102
IS 3
BP 613
EP 621
DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.12.051
PG 9
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 890CK
UT WOS:000300122500028
PM 22325285
ER
PT J
AU Hanna, TM
Tiesinga, E
Mitchell, WF
Julienne, PS
AF Hanna, Thomas M.
Tiesinga, Eite
Mitchell, William F.
Julienne, Paul S.
TI Resonant control of polar molecules in individual sites of an optical
lattice
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM-STATE; GASES; ATOMS
AB We study the resonant control of two nonreactive polar molecules in an optical lattice site, focusing on the example of RbCs. Collisional control can be achieved by tuning bound states of the intermolecular dipolar potential by varying the applied electric field or trap frequency. We consider a wide range of electric fields and trapping geometries, showing that a three-dimensional optical lattice allows significantly wider avoided crossings than free space or quasi-two dimensional geometries. Furthermore, we find that dipolar confinement-induced resonances can be created with reasonable trapping frequencies and electric fields, and have widths that will enable useful control in forthcoming experiments.
C1 [Hanna, Thomas M.; Tiesinga, Eite; Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hanna, Thomas M.; Tiesinga, Eite; Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mitchell, William F.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hanna, TM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
FU AFOSR MURI; ONR
FX We acknowledge funding from an AFOSR MURI on ultracold molecules (T.M.H.
and P.S.J.) and partial funding from the ONR (P.S.J.). We thank Z.
Idziaszek for stimulating discussions.
NR 49
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
AR 022703
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.022703
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 889OA
UT WOS:000300081800006
ER
PT J
AU Takatsu, H
Kadowaki, H
Sato, TJ
Lynn, JW
Tabata, Y
Yamazaki, T
Matsuhira, K
AF Takatsu, Hiroshi
Kadowaki, Hiroaki
Sato, Taku J.
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Tabata, Yoshikazu
Yamazaki, Teruo
Matsuhira, Kazuyuki
TI Quantum spin fluctuations in the spin-liquid state of Tb2Ti2O7
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7
AB Neutron scattering experiments on a polycrystalline sample of the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Tb2Ti2O7, which does not show any magnetic order down to 50 mK, have revealed that it shows condensation behavior below 0.4 K from a thermally fluctuating paramagnetic state to a spin-liquid ground state with quantum spin fluctuations. Energy spectra change from quasielastic scattering to a continuum with a double-peak structure at energies of 0 and 0.8 K in the spin-liquid state. Specific heat shows an anomaly at the crossover temperature.
C1 [Takatsu, Hiroshi; Kadowaki, Hiroaki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan.
[Sato, Taku J.] Univ Tokyo, NSL, Inst Solid State Phys, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan.
[Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tabata, Yoshikazu] Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
[Yamazaki, Teruo] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
[Matsuhira, Kazuyuki] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Elect, Fac Engn, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan.
RP Takatsu, H (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan.
RI Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015
OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998
FU KAKENHI on Priority Areas 'Novel States of Matter Induced by
Frustration'; US-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering
FX We thank M J P Gingras, R Higashinaka, Y Maeno, Y Yasui and S Yonezawa
for useful discussions. This work was supported by KAKENHI on Priority
Areas 'Novel States of Matter Induced by Frustration' and by the
US-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering.
NR 36
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 19
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
EI 1361-648X
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 5
AR 052201
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/5/052201
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 879JW
UT WOS:000299326500001
PM 22156109
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, RC
Weber, PK
Wikert, JD
Workman, ML
MacFarlane, RB
Grove, MJ
Schmitt, AK
AF Johnson, Rachel C.
Weber, Peter K.
Wikert, John D.
Workman, Michelle L.
MacFarlane, R. Bruce
Grove, Marty J.
Schmitt, Axel K.
TI Managed Metapopulations: Do Salmon Hatchery 'Sources' Lead to In-River
'Sinks' in Conservation?
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; ATLANTIC
SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; WILD; FISH; OTOLITHS; CALIFORNIA; SULFUR
AB Maintaining viable populations of salmon in the wild is a primary goal for many conservation and recovery programs. The frequency and extent of connectivity among natal sources defines the demographic and genetic boundaries of a population. Yet, the role that immigration of hatchery-produced adults may play in altering population dynamics and fitness of natural populations remains largely unquantified. Quantifying, whether natural populations are self-sustaining, functions as sources (population growth rate in the absence of dispersal, lambda>1), or as sinks (lambda<1) can be obscured by an inability to identify immigrants. In this study we use a new isotopic approach to demonstrate that a natural spawning population of Chinook salmon, (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) considered relatively healthy, represents a sink population when the contribution of hatchery immigrants is taken into consideration. We retrieved sulfur isotopes (S-34/S-32, referred to as delta S-34) in adult Chinook salmon otoliths (ear bones) that were deposited during their early life history as juveniles to determine whether individuals were produced in hatcheries or naturally in rivers. Our results show that only 10.3% (CI = 5.5 to 18.1%) of adults spawning in the river had otolith delta S-34 values less than 8.5%, which is characteristic of naturally produced salmon. When considering the total return to the watershed (total fish in river and hatchery), we estimate that 90.7 to 99.3% (CI) of returning adults were produced in a hatchery (best estimate = 95.9%). When population growth rate of the natural population was modeled to account for the contribution of previously unidentified hatchery immigrants, we found that hatchery-produced fish caused the false appearance of positive population growth. These findings highlight the potential dangers in ignoring source-sink dynamics in recovering natural populations, and question the extent to which declines in natural salmon populations are undetected by monitoring programs.
C1 [Johnson, Rachel C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA USA.
[Wikert, John D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anadromous Fish Restorat Program, Stockton, CA USA.
[Workman, Michelle L.] E Bay Municipal Util Dist, Lodi, CA USA.
[MacFarlane, R. Bruce] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Grove, Marty J.; Schmitt, Axel K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Bay Delta Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
EM rbarnettjohnson@usbr.gov
RI UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011;
OI Schmitt, Axel/0000-0002-9029-4211
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Division of Earth Sciences, National
Science Foundation
FX RBJ, PW, and RBM gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service's Anadromous Fish Restoration Program for awarding the grant
that funded this project. The ion microprobe facility at UCLA is partly
supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program,
Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation. The funding
agency had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 58
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 35
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD FEB 8
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 2
AR e28880
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0028880
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 924ZP
UT WOS:000302730100003
PM 22347362
ER
PT J
AU Larson-Smith, K
Jackson, A
Pozzo, DC
AF Larson-Smith, Kjersta
Jackson, Andrew
Pozzo, Danilo C.
TI SANS and SAXS Analysis of Charged Nanoparticie Adsorption at Oil-Water
Interfaces
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; PICKERING EMULSIONS;
LATEX-PARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; LIQUID; STABILITY; LAYER;
COLLOIDOSOMES
AB A systematic study of the adsorption of charged nanoparticles at dispersed oil-in-water emulsion interfaces is presented. The interaction potentials for negatively charged hexadecane droplets with anionic polystyrene latex particles or cationic gold particles are calculated using DLVO theory. Calculations demonstrate that increased ionic strength decreases the decay length of the electrostatic repulsion leading to enhanced particle adsorption. For the case of anionic PS latex particles, the energy barrier for particle adsorption is also reduced when the surface charge is neutralized through changes in pH. Complementary small-angle scattering experiments show that the highest particle adsorption for PS latex occurs at moderate ionic strength and low pH. For cationic gold particles, simple DLVO calculations also explain scattering results showing that the highest particle adsorption occurs at neutral pH due to the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged surfaces. This work demonstrates that surface charges of particles and oil droplets are critical parameters to consider when engineering particle-stabilized emulsions.
C1 [Larson-Smith, Kjersta; Pozzo, Danilo C.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Jackson, Andrew] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Jackson, Andrew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pozzo, DC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM dpozzo@u.washington.edu
RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008
OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336
FU American Chemical Society; National Science Foundation [DMR-0817622,
DMR-0944772]
FX Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society
Petroleum Research Fund for support of this research. We acknowledge the
support of the National Science Foundation for funding the small angle
X-ray scattering instrument used in this work under the grant No
DMR-0817622. This work also utilized facilities supported in part by the
National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The
manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB7H6178 from
NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 54
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 8
U2 83
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD FEB 7
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 5
BP 2493
EP 2501
DI 10.1021/la204513n
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 886OU
UT WOS:000299864500023
PM 22220758
ER
PT J
AU Atha, DH
Wang, HH
Petersen, EJ
Cleveland, D
Holbrook, RD
Jaruga, P
Dizdaroglu, M
Xing, BS
Nelson, BC
AF Atha, Donald H.
Wang, Huanhua
Petersen, Elijah J.
Cleveland, Danielle
Holbrook, R. David
Jaruga, Pawel
Dizdaroglu, Miral
Xing, Baoshan
Nelson, Bryant C.
TI Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Mediated DNA Damage in Terrestrial Plant
Models
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; REPAIR;
MECHANISMS; ARABIDOPSIS; TOXICITY
AB Engineered nanopartides, due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and catalytic properties, are presently found in many commercial products and will be intentionally or inadvertently released at increasing concentrations into the natural environment. Metal- and metal oxide-based nanomaterials have been shown to act as mediators of DNA damage in mammalian cells, organisms, and even in bacteria, but the molecular mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly understood. For the first time, we report that copper oxide nanopartides induce DNA damage in agricultural and grassland plants. Significant accumulation of oxidatively modified, mutagenic DNA lesions (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine; 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine; 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine) and strong plant growth inhibition were observed for radish (Raphanus sativus), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) under controlled laboratory conditions. Lesion accumulation levels mediated by copper ions and macroscale copper particles were measured in tandem to clarify the mechanisms of DNA damage. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of multiple DNA lesion formation and accumulation in plants. These findings provide impetus for future investigations on nanoparticle-mediated DNA damage and repair mechanisms in plants.
C1 [Wang, Huanhua; Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Atha, Donald H.; Petersen, Elijah J.; Cleveland, Danielle; Holbrook, R. David; Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xing, BS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM bx@pssci.umass.edu; bryant.nelson@nist.gov
RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015;
OI Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584
FU USDA-AFRI [2011-67006-30181]
FX We thank Jerry Rattanoong and Bisrat Nigussie for help in the
preparation of the figures and Andrew Dillon for help with preliminary
plant DNA damage experiments. We also thank Timothy Maugel for his
sectioning of the plants for STEM analyses. The work is partly supported
by USDA-AFRI (2011-67006-30181). Certain commercial equipment,
instruments, and materials are identified in order to specify
experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such
identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor does it imply that any
of the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily
the best available for the purpose.
NR 37
TC 100
Z9 106
U1 9
U2 121
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB 7
PY 2012
VL 46
IS 3
BP 1819
EP 1827
DI 10.1021/es202660k
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 886OT
UT WOS:000299864400068
PM 22201446
ER
PT J
AU Jang, Y
Bowden, SR
Mascaro, M
Unguris, J
Ross, CA
AF Jang, Youngman
Bowden, S. R.
Mascaro, Mark
Unguris, J.
Ross, C. A.
TI Formation and structure of 360 and 540 degree domain walls in thin
magnetic stripes
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetic domain walls; magnetic force microscopy; remanence; scanning
electron microscopy
ID 360-DEGREES; FILMS
AB 360 degrees, 540 degrees, and other complex transverse domain walls have been created in narrow cobalt wires connected to injection pads by cycling a magnetic field perpendicular to the wire length. The composite walls, formed by impingement of 180 degrees transverse walls of alternating chirality, are stable over a wide field range. The structure of the walls observed at remanence by scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis and by magnetic force microscopy is in good quantitative agreement with the prediction of micromagnetic simulations. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3681800]
C1 [Jang, Youngman; Mascaro, Mark; Ross, C. A.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Bowden, S. R.; Unguris, J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jang, Y (reprint author), Samsung Adv Inst Technol SAIT, Gyeonggi Do 446712, South Korea.
EM caross@mit.edu
RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014
FU National Science Foundation; Nanoelectronics Research Initiative INDEX
Center
FX Support of the National Science Foundation and the Nanoelectronics
Research Initiative INDEX Center is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 25
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 25
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 6
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 6
AR 062407
DI 10.1063/1.3681800
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 891JW
UT WOS:000300214000050
ER
PT J
AU Kemiktarak, U
Metcalfe, M
Durand, M
Lawall, J
AF Kemiktarak, Utku
Metcalfe, Michael
Durand, Mathieu
Lawall, John
TI Mechanically compliant grating reflectors for optomechanics
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CAVITY; RADIATION; MIRROR
AB We demonstrate micromechanical reflectors with a reflectivity as large as 99.4% and a mechanical quality factor Q as large as 7.8 x 10(5) for optomechanical applications. The reflectors are silicon nitride membranes patterned with sub-wavelength grating structures, obviating the need for the many dielectric layers used in conventional mirrors. We have employed the reflectors in the construction of a Fabry-Perot cavity with a finesse as high as F = 1200, and used the optical response to probe the mechanical properties of the membrane. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3684248]
C1 [Kemiktarak, Utku; Metcalfe, Michael; Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kemiktarak, Utku; Metcalfe, Michael] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Kemiktarak, U (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM utku.kemiktarak@nist.gov; john.lawall@nist.gov
OI Durand, Mathieu/0000-0001-5366-0473
FU National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the
Joint Quantum Institute
FX We acknowledge National Science Foundation support through the Physics
Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. Research performed in
part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
NR 24
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 6
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 6
AR 061124
DI 10.1063/1.3684248
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 891JW
UT WOS:000300214000024
ER
PT J
AU Redding, B
Ge, L
Solomon, GS
Cao, H
AF Redding, Brandon
Ge, Li
Solomon, Glenn S.
Cao, Hui
TI Directional waveguide coupling from a wavelength-scale deformed
microdisk laser
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OUTPUT
AB We demonstrate uni-directional evanescent coupling of lasing emission from a wavelength-scale deformed microdisk to a waveguide. This is attributed to the Goos-Haumlnchen shift and Fresnel filtering effect that result in a spatial separation of the clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) propagating ray orbits. By placing the waveguide tangentially at different locations to the cavity boundary, we may selectively couple the CW (CCW) wave out, leaving the CCW (CW) wave inside the cavity, which also reduces the spatial hole burning effect. The device geometry is optimized with a full-wave simulation tool, and the lasing behavior and directional coupling are confirmed experimentally. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3684249]
C1 [Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Ge, Li] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Redding, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
EM brandon.redding@yale.edu; hui.cao@yale.edu
RI Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012
FU NIST [70NANB6H6162]; NSF [DMR-0808937]
FX We thank Professors A. Douglas Stone and Jan. Wiersig for useful
discussions. This work is supported partly by NIST under the Grant No.
70NANB6H6162 and by NSF under the Grant No. DMR-0808937.
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 23
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD FEB 6
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 6
AR 061125
DI 10.1063/1.3684249
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 891JW
UT WOS:000300214000025
ER
PT J
AU Chua, YS
Wu, H
Zhou, W
Udovic, TJ
Wu, GT
Xiong, ZT
Wong, MW
Chen, P
AF Chua, Yong Shen
Wu, Hui
Zhou, Wei
Udovic, Terrence J.
Wu, Guotao
Xiong, Zhitao
Wong, Ming Wah
Chen, Ping
TI Monoammoniate of Calcium Amidoborane: Synthesis, Structure, and
Hydrogen-Storage Properties
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AMMONIA-BORANE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; METAL
AMIDOBORANES; RELEASE; LITHIUM; AMIDOTRIHYDROBORATE; DEHYDROGENATION;
ALKALI; NA
AB The monoammoniate of calcium amidoborane, Ca(NH2BH3)(2)center dot NH3, was synthesized by ball milling an equimolar mixture of CaNH and AB. Its crystal structure has been determined and was found to contain a dihydrogen-bonded network. Thermal decomposition under an open-system begins with the evolution of about 1 equivalent/formula unit (equiv.) of NH3 at temperatures <100 degrees C followed by the decomposition of Ca(NH2BH3)(2) to release hydrogen. In a closed-system thermal decomposition process, hydrogen is liberated in two stages, at about 70 and 180 degrees C, with the first stage corresponding to an exothermic process. It has been found that the presence of the coordinated NH3 has induced the dehydrogenation to occur at low temperature. At the end of the dehydrogenation, about 6 equiv. (similar to 10.2 wt %) of hydrogen can be released, giving rise to the formation of CaB2N3H.
C1 [Chua, Yong Shen; Wu, Guotao; Xiong, Zhitao; Chen, Ping] Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.
[Chua, Yong Shen; Wong, Ming Wah] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Wu, H (reprint author), Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.
EM huiwu@nist.gov; wgt@dicp.ac.cn
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chua, Yong Shen/J-3551-2016
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617;
FU National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 project)
[2010CB631304]; CAS [KJCX2-YW-H21]; National Natural Science Foundation
of China [20971120, 10979051, 20973162]; National University of
Singapore; U.S. DOE through EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104]
FX This work was supported by National Program on Key Basic Research
Project (973 project, No. 2010CB631304), the Hundred Talents Project and
Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KJCX2-YW-H21), National Natural
Science Foundation of China (No. 20971120, 10979051, and 20973162), the
scholarship from the National University of Singapore, and was partially
supported by U.S. DOE through EERE Grant DE-AI-01-05EE11104 (T.J.U.).
The authors wish to thank BL14B1 of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facility (SSRF) for providing the beam time.
NR 30
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD FEB 6
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 3
BP 1599
EP 1603
DI 10.1021/ic201898v
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 895CV
UT WOS:000300474700052
PM 22229699
ER
PT J
AU Langford, AO
Brioude, J
Cooper, OR
Senff, CJ
Alvarez, RJ
Hardesty, RM
Johnson, BJ
Oltmans, SJ
AF Langford, A. O.
Brioude, J.
Cooper, O. R.
Senff, C. J.
Alvarez, R. J., II
Hardesty, R. M.
Johnson, B. J.
Oltmans, S. J.
TI Stratospheric influence on surface ozone in the Los Angeles area during
late spring and early summer of 2010
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; LONG-RANGE
TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE;
BACKGROUND OZONE; GROUND-LEVEL; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; AIR-QUALITY
AB The influence of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) on surface ozone (O-3) concentrations in the greater Los Angeles area during the CalNex and IONS-2010 measurement campaigns has been investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) of surface O-3 measurements from 41 sampling stations indicates that similar to 13% of the variance in the maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O-3 between May 10 and June 19, 2010 was associated with changes of 2-3 day duration linked to the passage of upper-level troughs. Ozonesondes launched from Joshua Tree National Park and airborne lidar measurements show that these changes coincided with the appearance of stratospheric intrusions in the lower troposphere above southern California. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART reproduces most of these intrusions, and supports the conclusion from the PCA that significant transport of stratospheric air to the surface occurred on May 28-30. This intrusion led to a peak 1-h O-3 concentration of 88 ppbv at Joshua Tree National Monument near the ozonesonde launch site on May 28, and widespread entrainment of stratospheric air into the boundary layer increased the local background O3 over the entire area to similar to 55 ppbv on May 29-30. This background was 10-15 ppbv higher than the baseline O-3 in air transported ashore from the Pacific Ocean, and when combined with locally produced O-3 led to several exceedances of the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) on the following day.
C1 [Langford, A. O.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Senff, C. J.; Alvarez, R. J., II; Hardesty, R. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Johnson, B. J.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Senff, C. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Cooper,
Owen/H-4875-2013; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Senff,
Christoph/I-2592-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061;
FU NOAA; flight crew of the NOAA Twin Otter research aircraft
FX The authors would like to thank David Parrish for his helpful comments
on the manuscript. We also thank Ann Weickmann, Scott Sandberg, Rich
Marchbanks, Bob Banta, and Alan Brewer for their help with the airborne
O3 lidar instrument. We would like to acknowledge support
from the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere and Climate Programs and the
flight crew of the NOAA Twin Otter research aircraft. We also thank
Emrys Hall and Allen Jordan at NOAA ESRL GMD for the use of the Skysonde
software and for their assistance in processing the Joshua Tree
ozonesondes, and Luke Sabala and Victoria Chang of the Joshua Tree
National Park. The NOAA ESRL Health of the Atmosphere Program, NASA
Tropospheric Chemistry Program, U. S. Navy, Environment Canada, and
NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability provided funding for the
IONS-2010 field campaign. The European Commission, Joint Research Centre
(JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) provided the
EDGARv4.1 global NOx emissions inventory. The global land
cover data set, as well as the MODIS fire detection data, was provided
by the University of Maryland from their ftp server.
NR 71
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 2
U2 48
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 4
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D00V06
DI 10.1029/2011JD016766
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 887WB
UT WOS:000299961100003
ER
PT J
AU Jackson, DL
Wick, GA
Hare, JE
AF Jackson, Darren L.
Wick, Gary A.
Hare, Jeffrey E.
TI A comparison of satellite-derived carbon dioxide transfer velocities
from a physically based model with GasEx cruise observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CO2 EXCHANGE; WIND-SPEED; RESPONSE EXPERIMENT;
OCEAN; PARAMETERIZATION; FLUXES; DEPENDENCE
AB A method has been developed to use satellite observations with the physically based National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (NOAA-COARE) gas transfer model (COAREG) to determine global estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) transfer velocities. Ship observations from three Gas Exchange (GasEx) experiments conducted in 1998 (GasEx-98), 2001 (GasEx-01), and 2008 (SO GasEx) were used to validate the satellite estimates. Satellite retrievals of near-surface temperature, humidity, and wind speed along with observations of sea surface temperature, longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes at the surface were used to execute the gas transfer model. These satellite products exhibited good agreement with collocated in situ measurements even in higher-latitude environments where the retrieval techniques had not yet been extensively validated. Transfer velocities computed with COAREG using both the satellite-and ship-derived inputs further showed good agreement with an overall bias of -1.01 cm/h and a root mean square (RMS) difference of 7.43 cm/h. These results imply that COAREG can be applied with satellite inputs with accuracy comparable to that achieved with ship-based observations. COAREG transfer velocities were found to have a bias of 6.32 cm/h and RMS difference of 14.02 cm/h when compared with covariance-derived transfer velocities. Comparison of satellite-derived COAREG transfer velocities with empirical-derived wind-only models shows generally higher transfer velocities for wind speeds exceeding 7 m/s. However, these higher transfer velocities show good agreement with covariance-derived observations from both GasEx-98 and SO GasEx.
C1 [Jackson, Darren L.; Hare, Jeffrey E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jackson, Darren L.; Wick, Gary A.; Hare, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Jackson, DL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM darren.l.jackson@noaa.gov
RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015
OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866
FU NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER; NASA [NNH08AH27I]
FX We would to thank James B. Edson for providing SO GasEx
covariance-derived observations, Wade McGillis and James B. Edson for
the GasEx-98 covariance-derived data, and David Ho for suggesting to
include his dual tracer results. We would also like to thank Chris
Fairall for providing the NOAA-COARE gas transfer and turbulent heat
flux models. NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the Physical Sciences
Division of the Earth System Research Laboratory. SSM/I wind speed data
were produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth
Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project. Data are available at
http://www.remss.com. This project was funded by NASA grant NNH08AH27I.
NR 37
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD FEB 4
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C00F13
DI 10.1029/2011JC007329
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 887UE
UT WOS:000299955300001
ER
PT J
AU Kodippili, GC
Spector, J
Hale, J
Giger, K
Hughes, MR
McNagny, KM
Birkenmeier, C
Peters, L
Ritchie, K
Low, PS
AF Kodippili, Gayani C.
Spector, Jeff
Hale, Jacob
Giger, Katie
Hughes, Michael R.
McNagny, Kelly M.
Birkenmeier, Connie
Peters, Luanne
Ritchie, Ken
Low, Philip S.
TI Analysis of the Mobilities of Band 3 Populations Associated with Ankyrin
Protein and Junctional Complexes in Intact Murine Erythrocytes
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID RED-CELL MEMBRANE; COMPENSATED HEMOLYTIC-ANEMIA; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN;
LATERAL MOBILITY; HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION;
GLYCOPHORIN-C; TARGETED DISRUPTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BETA-ADDUCIN
AB Current models of the erythrocyte membrane depict three populations of band 3: (i) a population tethered to spectrin via ankyrin, (ii) a fraction attached to the spectrin-actin junctional complex via adducin, and (iii) a freely diffusing population. Because many studies of band 3 diffusion also distinguish three populations of the polypeptide, it has been speculated that the three populations envisioned in membrane models correspond to the three fractions observed in diffusion analyses. To test this hypothesis, we characterized band 3 diffusion by single-particle tracking in wild-type and ankyrin-and adducin-deficient erythrocytes. We report that similar to 40% of total band 3 in wild-type murine erythrocytes is attached to ankyrin, whereas similar to 33% is immobilized by adducin, and similar to 27% is not attached to any cytoskeletal anchor. Moredetailed analyses reveal that mobilities of individual ankyrin- and adducin-tethered band 3 molecules are heterogeneous, varying by nearly 2 orders of magnitude and that there is considerable overlap in diffusion coefficients for adducin and ankyrin-tethered populations. Taken together, the data suggest that although the ankyrin-and adducin-immobilized band 3 can be monitored separately, significant heterogeneity still exists within each population, suggesting that structural and compositional properties likely vary considerably within each band 3 complex.
C1 [Spector, Jeff; Hale, Jacob; Ritchie, Ken] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Kodippili, Gayani C.; Giger, Katie; Low, Philip S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Spector, Jeff] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hughes, Michael R.; McNagny, Kelly M.] Univ British Columbia, Biomed Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
[Birkenmeier, Connie; Peters, Luanne] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA.
RP Ritchie, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, 525 Northwest Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA.
EM kpritchie@purdue.edu; plow@purdue.edu
RI McNagny, Kelly/P-5239-2014; Hughes, Michael/N-6039-2015;
OI McNagny, Kelly/0000-0003-4737-3499; Hughes, Michael/0000-0002-7925-6070;
Low, Philip/0000-0001-9042-5528
FU National Institute of Health [GM24417-32]; National Science Foundation
[0646633]; Canadian Institutes for Health Research [MOP-93580]
FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institute of
Health Grant GM24417-32 (to P. S. L.). This work was also supported by
National Science Foundation Grant 0646633 (to K. R.) and Canadian
Institutes for Health Research Grant MOP-93580 (to K. M. M.).
NR 61
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD FEB 3
PY 2012
VL 287
IS 6
BP 4129
EP 4138
DI 10.1074/jbc.M111.294439
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 894EX
UT WOS:000300410900046
PM 22147703
ER
PT J
AU Hu, AX
Meehl, GA
Han, WQ
Abe-Ouchi, A
Morrill, C
Okazaki, Y
Chikamoto, MO
AF Hu, Aixue
Meehl, Gerald A.
Han, Weiqing
Abe-Ouchi, Ayako
Morrill, Carrie
Okazaki, Yusuke
Chikamoto, Megume O.
TI The Pacific-Atlantic seesaw and the Bering Strait
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE CHANGES; OCEAN
AB Paleo proxy data and previous modeling studies both indicate that the massive discharge of icebergs into the North Atlantic may have led to a (nearly) collapsed Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), resulting in a seesaw-like climate change between the North Pacific and North Atlantic, with a warming in the former and a cooling in the latter. Here by using a fully coupled climate model, we show that this Pacific-Atlantic seesaw associated with changes of the AMOC can only occur when the Bering Strait is closed. As this strait is closed, the oceanic communication between the North Pacific and Atlantic is cut off. When AMOC collapses, the North Atlantic becomes cooler, but the North Pacific becomes warmer due to the buildup of the Pacific meridional overturning circulation which transports more warm and salty subtropical water into the North Pacific, leading to seesaw-like climate changes in the two ocean basins. Citation: Hu, A., G. A. Meehl, W. Han, A. Abe-Ouchi, C. Morrill, Y. Okazaki, and M. O. Chikamoto (2012), The Pacific-Atlantic seesaw and the Bering Strait, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L03702, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050567.
C1 [Hu, Aixue; Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Abe-Ouchi, Ayako] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan.
[Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Okazaki, Yusuke; Chikamoto, Megume O.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
RP Hu, AX (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ahu@ucar.edu
RI Hu, Aixue/E-1063-2013; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/M-6359-2013;
OI Hu, Aixue/0000-0002-1337-287X; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952;
Okazaki, Yusuke/0000-0002-2406-3466; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469
FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-97ER62402,
DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation
FX A portion of this study was supported by the Office of Science (BER),
U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-97ER62402. The
National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National
Science Foundation. This research used resources of the National Energy
Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office
of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract
DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 20
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 20
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD FEB 3
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L03702
DI 10.1029/2011GL050567
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 888GN
UT WOS:000299991900004
ER
PT J
AU Xia, YL
Mitchell, K
Ek, M
Sheffield, J
Cosgrove, B
Wood, E
Luo, LF
Alonge, C
Wei, HL
Meng, J
Livneh, B
Lettenmaier, D
Koren, V
Duan, QY
Mo, K
Fan, Y
Mocko, D
AF Xia, Youlong
Mitchell, Kenneth
Ek, Michael
Sheffield, Justin
Cosgrove, Brian
Wood, Eric
Luo, Lifeng
Alonge, Charles
Wei, Helin
Meng, Jesse
Livneh, Ben
Lettenmaier, Dennis
Koren, Victor
Duan, Qingyun
Mo, Kingtse
Fan, Yun
Mocko, David
TI Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for the
North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS-2):
1. Intercomparison and application of model products
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; LATITUDE HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES;
CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL;
TORNE-KALIX BASIN; RIVER-BASIN; PILPS PHASE-2(E); PRECIPITATION;
SIMULATION
AB Results are presented from the second phase of the multiinstitution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2) research partnership. In NLDAS, the Noah, Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting, and Mosaic land surface models (LSMs) are executed over the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) in realtime and retrospective modes. These runs support the drought analysis, monitoring and forecasting activities of the National Integrated Drought Information System, as well as efforts to monitor large-scale floods. NLDAS-2 builds upon the framework of the first phase of NLDAS (NLDAS-1) by increasing the accuracy and consistency of the surface forcing data, upgrading the land surface model code and parameters, and extending the study from a 3-year (1997-1999) to a 30-year (1979-2008) time window. As the first of two parts, this paper details the configuration of NLDAS-2, describes the upgrades to the forcing, parameters, and code of the four LSMs, and explores overall model-to-model comparisons of land surface water and energy flux and state variables over the CONUS. Focusing on model output rather than on observations, this study seeks to highlight the similarities and differences between models, and to assess changes in output from that seen in NLDAS-1. The second part of the two-part article focuses on the validation of model-simulated streamflow and evaporation against observations. The results depict a higher level of agreement among the four models over much of the CONUS than was found in the first phase of NLDAS. This is due, in part, to recent improvements in the parameters, code, and forcing of the NLDAS-2 LSMs that were initiated following NLDAS-1. However, large inter-model differences still exist in the northeast, Lake Superior, and western mountainous regions of the CONUS, which are associated with cold season processes. In addition, variations in the representation of sub-surface hydrology in the four LSMs lead to large differences in modeled evaporation and subsurface runoff. These issues are important targets for future research by the land surface modeling community. Finally, improvement from NLDAS-1 to NLDAS-2 is summarized by comparing the streamflow measured from U. S. Geological Survey stream gauges with that simulated by four NLDAS models over 961 small basins.
C1 [Xia, Youlong; Mitchell, Kenneth; Ek, Michael; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm & Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Xia, Youlong; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] NCEP EMC, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Sheffield, Justin; Wood, Eric] Princeton Univ, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Cosgrove, Brian; Koren, Victor] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Luo, Lifeng] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Alonge, Charles] AWS Truewind LLC, Albany, NY 12205 USA.
[Livneh, Ben; Lettenmaier, Dennis] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Duan, Qingyun] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Mo, Kingtse] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm & Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Fan, Yun] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Mocko, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20715 USA.
[Mocko, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20715 USA.
RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm & Predict, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Youlong.Xia@noaa.gov
RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Livneh,
Ben/I-2939-2015
OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Duan,
Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512;
FU NOAA/CPO/CPPA
FX This work was supported by the NOAA/CPO/CPPA core project.
NR 59
TC 196
Z9 197
U1 2
U2 52
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 3
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D03109
DI 10.1029/2011JD016048
PG 27
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 887VW
UT WOS:000299960500001
ER
PT J
AU Xia, YL
Mitchell, K
Ek, M
Cosgrove, B
Sheffield, J
Luo, LF
Alonge, C
Wei, HL
Meng, J
Livneh, B
Duan, QY
Lohmann, D
AF Xia, Youlong
Mitchell, Kenneth
Ek, Michael
Cosgrove, Brian
Sheffield, Justin
Luo, Lifeng
Alonge, Charles
Wei, Helin
Meng, Jesse
Livneh, Ben
Duan, Qingyun
Lohmann, Dag
TI Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for
North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS-2):
2. Validation of model-simulated streamflow
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID LATITUDE HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES; TORNE-KALIX BASIN; INTERCOMPARISON
PROJECT; PILPS PHASE-2(E); SURFACE MODELS; UNITED-STATES; ETA-MODEL;
SNOW; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION
AB This is the second part of a study on continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation conducted in phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System project (NLDAS-2). The first part concentrates on a model-by-model comparison of mean annual and monthly water fluxes, energy fluxes and state variables. In this second part, the focus is on the validation of simulated streamflow from four land surface models (Noah, Mosaic, Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA), and Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) models) and their ensemble mean. Comparisons are made against 28-years (1 October 1979-30 September 2007) of United States Geological Survey observed streamflow for 961 small basins and 8 major basins over the conterminous United States (CONUS). Relative bias, anomaly correlation and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) statistics at daily to annual time scales are used to assess model-simulated streamflow. The Noah (the Mosaic) model overestimates (underestimates) mean annual runoff and underestimates (overestimates) mean annual evapotranspiration. The SAC-SMA and VIC models simulate the mean annual runoff and evapotranspiration well when compared with the observations. The ensemble mean is closer to the mean annual observed streamflow for both the 961 small basins and the 8 major basins than is the mean from any individual model. All of the models, as well as the ensemble mean, have large daily, weekly, monthly, and annual streamflow anomaly correlations for most basins over the CONUS, implying strong simulation skill. However, the daily, weekly, and monthly NSE analysis results are not necessarily encouraging, in particular for daily streamflow. The Noah and Mosaic models are useful (NSE > 0.4) only for about 10% of the 961 small basins, the SAC-SMA and VIC models are useful for about 30% of the 961 small basins, and the ensemble mean is useful for about 42% of the 961 small basins. As the time scale increases, the NSE increases as expected. However, even for monthly streamflow, the ensemble mean is useful for only 75% of the 961 small basins.
C1 [Xia, Youlong; Mitchell, Kenneth; Ek, Michael; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm & Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Xia, Youlong; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] NCEP EMC, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Cosgrove, Brian] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Luo, Lifeng] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Alonge, Charles] AWS Truewind LLC, Albany, NY 12205 USA.
[Livneh, Ben] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Duan, Qingyun] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Lohmann, Dag] Risk Management Solut, Newark, CA 94560 USA.
RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm & Predict, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Youlong.Xia@noaa.gov
RI Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Livneh, Ben/I-2939-2015;
OI Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473
FU NOAA/CPO/CPPA
FX This work was supported by the NOAA/CPO/CPPA core project.
NR 49
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 1
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 3
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D03110
DI 10.1029/2011JD016051
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 887VW
UT WOS:000299960500002
ER
PT J
AU Baker-Jarvis, J
Kim, S
AF Baker-Jarvis, James
Kim, Sung
TI The Interaction of Radio-Frequency Fields With Dielectric Materials at
Macroscopic to Mesoscopic Scales
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dielectric; electromagnetic fields; loss factor; metamaterials;
microwave; millimeter wave; nanoscale; permeability; permittivity;
plasmon; polariton
ID NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; POISSON-BOLTZMANN CALCULATIONS;
LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; DNA
SOLUTIONS; LOCAL-FIELDS; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES;
COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY
AB The goal of this paper is to overview radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic interactions with solid and liquid materials from the macroscale to the nanoscale. The overview is geared toward the general researcher. Because this area of research is vast, this paper concentrates on currently active research areas in the megahertz (MHz) through gigahertz (GHz) frequencies, and concentrates on dielectric response. The paper studies interaction mechanisms both from phenomenological and fundamental viewpoints. Relaxation, resonance, interface phenomena, plasmons, the concepts of permittivity and permeability, and relaxation times are summarized. Topics of current research interest, such as negative-index behavior, noise, plasmonic behavior, RF heating, nanoscale materials, wave cloaking, polaritonic surface waves, biomaterials, and other topics are overviewed.
Relaxation, resonance, and related relaxation times are overviewed. The wavelength and material length scales required to define permittivity in materials is discussed.
C1 [Baker-Jarvis, James; Kim, Sung] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jjarvis@boulder.nist.gov; sung.kim@boulder.nist.gov
NR 256
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 30
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD FEB 2
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 1
EP 60
DI 10.6028/jres.117.001
PG 60
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 933UQ
UT WOS:000303389300001
PM 26900513
ER
PT J
AU Lynn, JW
Chen, Y
Chang, S
Zhao, Y
Chi, S
Ratcliff, W
Ueland, BG
Erwin, RW
AF Lynn, J. W.
Chen, Y.
Chang, S.
Zhao, Y.
Chi, S.
Ratcliff, W., II
Ueland, B. G.
Erwin, R. W.
TI Double-Focusing Thermal Triple-Axis Spectrometer at the NCNR
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Inelastic neutron scattering; neutron diffraction; polarized neutrons;
position sensitive detector; thermal neutron triple-axis spectrometer
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MONOCHROMATOR; CRYSTALS
AB The new thermal triple-axis spectrometer at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) is located at the BT-7 beam port. The 165 mm diameter reactor beam is equipped with a selection of Soller collimators, beam-limiters, and a pyrolytic graphite (PG) filter to tailor the beam for the dual 20x20 cm(2) double-focusing monochromator system that provides monochromatic fluxes exceeding 10(8) n/cm(2)/s onto the sample. The two monochromators installed are PG(002) and Cu(220), which provide incident energies from 5 meV to above 500 meV. The computer controlled analyzer system offers six standard modes of operation, including a diffraction detector, a position-sensitive detector (PSD) in diffraction mode, horizontal energy focusing analyzer with detector, a Q-E mode employing a flat analyzer and PSD, a constant-E mode with the analyzer crystal system and PSD, and a conventional mode with a selection of Soller collimators and detector. Additional configurations for specific measurement needs are also available. This paper discusses the capabilities and performance for this new state-of-the-art neutron spectrometer.
C1 [Lynn, J. W.; Chen, Y.; Chang, S.; Zhao, Y.; Chi, S.; Ratcliff, W., II; Ueland, B. G.; Erwin, R. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Chi, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jeffrey.lynn@nist.gov; william.ratcliff@nist.gov; ross.erwin@nist.gov
RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013
OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153
NR 19
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 2
U2 17
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD FEB 2
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 61
EP 79
DI 10.6028/jres.117.002
PG 19
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 933UQ
UT WOS:000303389300002
PM 26900514
ER
PT J
AU Fitzgerald, R
AF Fitzgerald, Ryan
TI NIST Ionization Chamber "A" Sample-Height Corrections
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Half-life; ionization chamber
ID HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS
AB For over 30 years scientists in the NIST radioactivity group have been using their pressurized ionization chamber "A" (PIC "A") to make measurements of radioactivity and radioactive half-lives. We now have evidence that some of those reported measurements were incorrect due to slippage of the source positioning ring over time. The temporal change in the holder caused an error in the source-height within the chamber, which was thought to be invariant. This unaccounted-for height change caused a change in the detector response and thus a relative error in measured activity on the order of 10(-5) to 10(-3) per year, depending on the radionuclide. The drifting detector response affected calibration factors and half-life determinations. After discovering the problem, we carried out historic research and new sensitivity tests. As a result, we have created a quantitative model of the effect and have used that model to estimate corrections to some of the past measurement results from PIC "A". In this paper we report the details and results of that model. Meanwhile, we have fixed the positioning ring and are recalibrating the detector using primary measurement methods and enhanced quality control measures.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fitzgerald, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov
RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016
NR 7
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD FEB 2
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 80
EP 95
DI 10.6028/jres.117.003
PG 16
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 933UQ
UT WOS:000303389300003
PM 26900515
ER
PT J
AU Eppeldauer, GP
AF Eppeldauer, George P.
TI Standardization of Broadband UV Measurements for 365 nm LED Sources
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 365 nm LED; broadband UV measurements; Hg source; standard UV
measurement; ultraviolet irradiance; UV excitation source; CIE UV-A
meter
AB Broadband UV measurements are evaluated when UV-A irradiance meters measure optical radiation from 365 nm UV sources. The CIE standardized rectangular-shape UV-A function can be realized only with large spectral mismatch errors. The spectral power-distribution of the 365 nm excitation source is not standardized. Accordingly, the readings made with different types of UV meters, even if they measure the same UV source, can be very different. Available UV detectors and UV meters were measured and evaluated for spectral responsivity. The spectral product of the source-distribution and the meter's spectral-responsivity were calculated for different combinations to estimate broad-band signal-measurement errors. Standardization of both the UV source-distribution and the meter spectral-responsivity is recommended here to perform uniform broad-band measurements with low uncertainty. It is shown what spectral responsivity function(s) is needed for new and existing UV irradiance meters to perform low-uncertainty broadband 365 nm measurements.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 7
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD FEB 2
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 96
EP 103
DI 10.6028/jres.117.004
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 933UQ
UT WOS:000303389300004
PM 26900516
ER
PT J
AU Paulter, NG
AF Paulter, N. G., Jr.
TI The Effect of Non-equispaced Sampling Instants, Sub-period Record
Epochs, and Timebase Gain on the Information Content of Discretized
Replicas of Periodic Signals
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE digitized replica; equivalent-time sampler; impulse-like waveforms;
periodic signals; real-time oscilloscope; sampling instants; step-like
waveforms; timebase gain; transient digitizer; waveform recorder
ID FAST-FOURIER-TRANSFORM; DIGITAL SPECTRA; INTERPOLATION; DIGITIZERS;
ERROR
AB The effect of non-equispaced sampling instants and timebase gain on the information content of the discretized replica of a periodic signal is examined. The effect of the duration of record epochs that are not equal to an integer number of signal periods on the information content of the discretized replica is also explored. A general model describing sampled and windowed data is provided and compared to related models developed by other researchers.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nicholas.paulter@nist.gov
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD FEB 2
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 104
EP 118
DI 10.6028/jres.117.005
PG 15
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 933UQ
UT WOS:000303389300005
PM 26900517
ER
PT J
AU Amorocho, DF
Abreu-Grobois, FA
Dutton, PH
Reina, RD
AF Amorocho, Diego F.
Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F.
Dutton, Peter H.
Reina, Richard D.
TI Multiple Distant Origins for Green Sea Turtles Aggregating off Gorgona
Island in the Colombian Eastern Pacific
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHELONIA-MYDAS-AGASSIZII; CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA;
POPULATION-GENETICS; MARINE TURTLES; NATIONAL-PARK; MARKERS;
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DISPERSAL; OCEAN
AB Mitochondrial DNA analyses have been useful for resolving maternal lineages and migratory behavior to foraging grounds (FG) in sea turtles. However, little is known about source rookeries and haplotype composition of foraging green turtle aggregations in the southeastern Pacific. We used mitochondrial DNA control region sequences to identify the haplotype composition of 55 green turtles, Chelonia mydas, captured in foraging grounds of Gorgona National Park in the Colombian Pacific. Amplified fragments of the control region (457 bp) revealed the presence of seven haplotypes, with haplotype (h) and nucleotide (pi) diversities of h = 0.300 +/- 0.080 and pi = 0.009 +/- 0.005 respectively. The most common haplotype was CMP4 observed in 83% of individuals, followed by CMP22 (5%). The genetic composition of the Gorgona foraging population primarily comprised haplotypes that have been found at eastern Pacific rookeries including Mexico and the Galapagos, as well as haplotypes of unknown stock origin that likely originated from more distant western Pacific rookeries. Mixed stock analysis suggests that the Gorgona FG population is comprised mostly of animals from the Galapagos rookery (80%). Lagrangian drifter data showed that movement of turtles along the eastern Pacific coast and eastward from distant western and central Pacific sites was possible through passive drift. Our results highlight the importance of this protected area for conservation management of green turtles recruited from distant sites along the eastern Pacific Ocean.
C1 [Amorocho, Diego F.; Reina, Richard D.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
[Amorocho, Diego F.] Res Ctr Environm Management & Dev, Cali, Colombia.
[Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Mazatlan, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
[Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Amorocho, DF (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
EM richard.reina@monash.edu
RI Abreu Grobois, Alberto/A-3560-2017
FU United States National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Chelonian Research
Foundation; Rufford Foundation; Monash University
FX Funding was received from the following: United States National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation funded fieldwork and analysis costs; the Chelonian
Research Foundation funded fieldwork and analysis costs; the Rufford
Foundation funded fieldwork, administrative and analysis costs; Monash
University funded travel and analysis costs. The funders had no role in
study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 65
TC 21
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 33
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD FEB 2
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 2
AR e31486
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031486
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 914UV
UT WOS:000301979000030
PM 22319635
ER
PT J
AU Cingoz, A
Yost, DC
Allison, TK
Ruehl, A
Fermann, ME
Hartl, I
Ye, J
AF Cingoez, Arman
Yost, Dylan C.
Allison, Thomas K.
Ruehl, Axel
Fermann, Martin E.
Hartl, Ingmar
Ye, Jun
TI Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; SPECTRUM; PULSES; POWER
AB The development of the optical frequency comb(a spectrum consisting of a series of evenly spaced lines) has revolutionized metrology and precision spectroscopy owing to its ability to provide a precise and direct link between microwave and optical frequencies(1,2). A further advance in frequency comb technology is the generation of frequency combs in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral range by means of high-harmonic generation in a femtosecond enhancement cavity(3,4). Until now, combs produced by this method have lacked sufficient power for applications, a drawback that has also hampered efforts to observe phase coherence of the high-repetition-rate pulse train produced by high-harmonic generation, which is an extremely nonlinear process. Here we report the generation of extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs, reaching wavelengths of 40 nanometres, by coupling a high-power near-infrared frequency comb(5) to a robust femtosecond enhancement cavity. These combs are powerful enough for us to observe single-photon spectroscopy signals for both an argon transition at 82 nanometres and a neon transition at 63 nanometres, thus confirming the combs' coherence in the extreme ultraviolet. The absolute frequency of the argon transition has been determined by direct frequency comb spectroscopy. The resolved ten-megahertz linewidth of the transition, which is limited by the temperature of the argon atoms, is unprecedented in this spectral region and places a stringent upper limit on the linewidth of individual comb teeth. Owing to the lack of continuous-wave lasers, extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs are at present the only promising route to extending ultrahigh-precision spectroscopy to the spectral region below 100 nanometres. At such wavelengths there is a wide range of applications, including the spectroscopy of electronic transitions in molecules(6), experimental tests of bound-state and many-body quantum electrodynamics in singly ionized helium and neutral helium(7-9), the development of next-generation 'nuclear' clocks(10-12) and searches for variation of fundamental constants(13) using the enhanced sensitivity of highly charged ions(14).
C1 [Cingoez, Arman; Yost, Dylan C.; Allison, Thomas K.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cingoez, Arman; Yost, Dylan C.; Allison, Thomas K.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ruehl, Axel; Fermann, Martin E.; Hartl, Ingmar] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Cingoz, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM acingoz@jila.colorado.edu; junye@jila.colorado.edu
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011
FU DARPA; AFOSR; NIST; NSF; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany)
FX We thank J. L. Hall for the use of an iodine-stabilized laser, M. D.
Swallows for the assistance with the hydrogen maser frequency transfer,
and S. T. Cundiff and A. Foltynowicz for reading a draft of the
manuscript. This research is funded by the DARPA, AFOSR, NIST and NSF.
A. C. and T. K. A. are National Research Council postdoctoral fellows.
A. R. acknowledges funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
(Germany).
NR 30
TC 168
Z9 172
U1 10
U2 100
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD FEB 2
PY 2012
VL 482
IS 7383
BP 68
EP 71
DI 10.1038/nature10711
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 884RN
UT WOS:000299726000036
PM 22297971
ER
PT J
AU Amaral, AR
Beheregaray, LB
Bilgmann, K
Boutov, D
Freitas, L
Robertson, KM
Sequeira, M
Stockin, KA
Coelho, MM
Moller, LM
AF Amaral, Ana R.
Beheregaray, Luciano B.
Bilgmann, Kerstin
Boutov, Dmitri
Freitas, Luis
Robertson, Kelly M.
Sequeira, Marina
Stockin, Karen A.
Coelho, M. Manuela
Moeller, Luciana M.
TI Seascape Genetics of a Globally Distributed, Highly Mobile Marine
Mammal: The Short-Beaked Common Dolphin (Genus Delphinus)
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; BOTTLE-NOSED
DOLPHINS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; SOUTH-EAST COAST;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MOLECULAR
ECOLOGY
AB Identifying which factors shape the distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity is central in evolutionary and conservation biology. In the marine realm, the absence of obvious barriers to dispersal can make this task more difficult. Nevertheless, recent studies have provided valuable insights into which factors may be shaping genetic structure in the world's oceans. These studies were, however, generally conducted on marine organisms with larval dispersal. Here, using a seascape genetics approach, we show that marine productivity and sea surface temperature are correlated with genetic structure in a highly mobile, widely distributed marine mammal species, the short-beaked common dolphin. Isolation by distance also appears to influence population divergence over larger geographical scales (i.e. across different ocean basins). We suggest that the relationship between environmental variables and population structure may be caused by prey behaviour, which is believed to determine common dolphins' movement patterns and preferred associations with certain oceanographic conditions. Our study highlights the role of oceanography in shaping genetic structure of a highly mobile and widely distributed top marine predator. Thus, seascape genetic studies can potentially track the biological effects of ongoing climate-change at oceanographic interfaces and also inform marine reserve design in relation to the distribution and genetic connectivity of charismatic and ecologically important megafauna.
C1 [Amaral, Ana R.; Coelho, M. Manuela] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal.
[Amaral, Ana R.; Beheregaray, Luciano B.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
[Beheregaray, Luciano B.; Moeller, Luciana M.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
[Bilgmann, Kerstin] Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
[Boutov, Dmitri] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Oceanog, Lisbon, Portugal.
[Freitas, Luis] Museu Baleia Madeira, Canical, Madeira, Portugal.
[Robertson, Kelly M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Sequeira, Marina] Inst Conservacao Nat & Biodiversidade, Lisbon, Portugal.
[Stockin, Karen A.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Coastal Marine Res Grp, Auckland, New Zealand.
RP Amaral, AR (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal.
EM aramaral@fc.ul.pt
RI Amaral, Ana/D-1060-2010; Boutov, Dmitri/B-2720-2012; Beheregaray,
Luciano/A-8621-2008; Coelho, Maria/B-8672-2009
OI Beheregaray, Luciano/0000-0003-0944-3003; Amaral,
Ana/0000-0002-0595-0086; Boutov, Dmitri/0000-0001-8530-4369; Coelho,
Maria/0000-0003-3288-1693
FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal); Macquarie University
[MQ A006162]
FX Funding was provided by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal)
through a PhD grant to AR Amaral and by Macquarie University. Sample
collection in Australia was funded by Macquarie University through
research grants to L. Moller, L. Beheregaray (MQ A006162) and K.
Bilgmann. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 87
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 8
U2 82
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD FEB 2
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 2
AR e31482
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0031482
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 914UV
UT WOS:000301979000029
PM 22319634
ER
PT J
AU Persily, AK
Emmerich, SJ
AF Persily, Andrew K.
Emmerich, Steven J.
TI Indoor air quality in sustainable, energy efficient buildings
SO HVAC&R RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID ENVIRONMENTS; HEALTH; RATES
AB Building designers, contractors, owners, and managers have long been challenged with providing quality indoor environments at a reasonable energy cost. Current efforts to improve building energy efficiency, including goals of sustainability and net-zero energy use, are bringing more focus on how to simultaneously achieve energy efficiency and good indoor air quality (IAQ). While energy efficiency and IAQ are sometimes viewed as incompatible, there are many strategies than support both ends. This article discusses the relationship between IAQ and energy efficiency, with outdoor air ventilation being the primary connection. A number of strategies that are currently being used or proposed to provide both improved IAQ and energy efficiency are highlighted, including increased envelope airtightness, heat recovery ventilation, demand controlled ventilation, and improved system maintenance. In addition, the manner in which various green and sustainable building programs, standards, and guidance documents address IAQ is reviewed. These programs and documents are driving the trend towards sustainable buildings, and the manner in which they consider IAQ is critical to achieving energy efficient buildings with good indoor environments.
C1 [Persily, Andrew K.; Emmerich, Steven J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Persily, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070,MS8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andyp@nist.gov
NR 44
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 33
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1078-9669
J9 HVAC&R RES
JI HVAC&R Res.
PD FEB-APR
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 1-2
BP 4
EP 20
DI 10.1080/10789669.2011.592106
PG 17
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 910JP
UT WOS:000301633300002
ER
PT J
AU Wang, LZ
Dols, WS
Emmerich, SJ
AF Wang, Liangzhu (Leon)
Dols, W. Stuart
Emmerich, Steven J.
TI Simultaneous solutions of coupled thermal airflow problem for natural
ventilation in buildings
SO HVAC&R RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB Natural and hybrid ventilation can be sustainable building ventilation strategies, where airflow is driven naturally by thermal buoyancy and/or wind forces other than pure mechanical means. The simulation and design of these systems need to consider the combined impact of thermal and airflow transport behaviors. The numerical solution of such combined thermal airflow problems often employs a segregate and iterative approach. Either the air temperatures in the thermal problem or the air pressures in the airflow problem are solved separately with the other parameter known from a previous iteration. The newly solved parameters are then substituted successively into the other calculation. For highly coupled thermal airflow problems, the segregate method can cause solution fluctuation or even divergence when relaxation factors are not carefully selected to avoid abrupt changes of air parameters in the successive substitution procedure. This article investigated two nonsegregate methods to solve thermal and airflow problems simultaneously. In the fully simultaneous method, air temperatures and pressures for all rooms of a building are solved simultaneously using a single Jacobian matrix. In the semi-simultaneous method, a Jacobian matrix for the air temperature and pressure of one room is solved when air temperatures and pressures of other rooms are kept as constants. The same procedure is then repeated for each room of a building. In both cases, relaxation factors are not required. The simultaneous solution methods are demonstrated for a two-zone building with thermal buoyancy-driven flows and validated for an experimental study of combined wind and buoyancy forces in a light well. It was shown that the simultaneous solvers provide stable solutions without using any relaxation in both cases. The predicted results also agree reasonably well with the experimental data.
C1 [Wang, Liangzhu (Leon)] Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
[Dols, W. Stuart; Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Bldg Environm Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
EM leonwang@bcee.concordia.ca
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1078-9669
J9 HVAC&R RES
JI HVAC&R Res.
PD FEB-APR
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 1-2
BP 264
EP 274
DI 10.1080/10789669.2011.591258
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 910JP
UT WOS:000301633300021
ER
PT J
AU Conn, PB
Cooch, EG
Caley, P
AF Conn, Paul B.
Cooch, Evan G.
Caley, Peter
TI Accounting for detection probability when estimating force-of-infection
from animal encounter data
SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th EURING Analytical Meeting
CY SEP 14-20, 2009
CL Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Pescara, ITALY
SP EURING
HO Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA)
DE Apparent prevalence; Capture-recapture; Detection probability;
Force-of-infection
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; ESTIMATING PARAMETERS; DISEASE PREVALENCE;
CONTINUOUS-TIME; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; RATES;
STATE
AB Force-of-infection (FOI; the instantaneous rate at which susceptible individuals acquire infection) is an important summary parameter in many disease studies. This parameter controls the propensity of diseases and parasites to spread through populations and often depends on the degree of contact between susceptible and infected individuals. Longitudinal studies are perhaps capable of providing the most information about FOI; however, inference can also be drawn from cross-sectional age-prevalence data in certain situations (for instance, when disease is endemic in a population with little temporal variation in vital rates). In this paper, we provide a review of FOI as it relates to the study of marked animals, highlighting difficulties with obtaining parameter estimates with the intended interpretation. We also provide several alternatives for accounting for detection probability when estimating FOI. We primarily concentrate on the analysis of cross-sectional age-prevalence data, where previous approaches have traditionally assumed that the probability of sampling an individual is the same regardless of disease status or age class. Since this assumption is likely to be violated in many wildlife populations, we work to extend existing statistical methodology to account for potential differences in capture probability. Our approach requires that data be gathered such that capture-recapture or removal estimators of abundance may be employed. We use simulation to investigate the importance of accounting for differences in detectability, demonstrating a potential for substantial bias when detectability is ignored. Finally, we illustrate our approach by analyzing age-prevalence data from a removal study of ferrets in New Zealand. Interest in this case focused on quantifying age-specific susceptibility of ferrets to bovine tuberculosis.
C1 [Conn, Paul B.] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[Conn, Paul B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Cooch, Evan G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Caley, Peter] Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Bur Rural Sci, Risk Sci Branch, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
RP Conn, PB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
EM paul.conn@noaa.gov
RI Caley, Peter/D-8638-2011
NR 42
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0021-8375
EI 1439-0361
J9 J ORNITHOL
JI J. Ornithol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 152
SU 2
BP S511
EP S520
DI 10.1007/s10336-010-0591-z
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 016RZ
UT WOS:000309538300020
ER
PT J
AU Cooch, EG
Conn, PB
Ellner, SP
Dobson, AP
Pollock, KH
AF Cooch, Evan G.
Conn, Paul B.
Ellner, Stephen P.
Dobson, Andrew P.
Pollock, Kenneth H.
TI Disease dynamics in wild populations: modeling and estimation: a review
SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th EURING Analytical Meeting
CY SEP 14-20, 2009
CL Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Pescara, ITALY
SP EURING
HO Ist Superiore Protezione Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA)
DE Detection probability; Disease models; Mark-recapture; Multi-state
models; Parameterization; Time series; Uncertain state
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; STATE-SPACE MODELS;
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; FINCHES CARPODACUS-MEXICANUS; INTEGRAL
PROJECTION MODELS; RECORD SYSTEMS ESTIMATION; IN-HOUSE FINCHES;
TIME-SERIES; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS
AB Models of infectious disease dynamics focus on describing the temporal and spatial variations in disease prevalence, and on understanding the factors that affect how many cases will occur in each time period and which individuals are likely to become infected. Classical methods for selecting and fitting models, mostly motivated by human diseases, are almost always based solely on raw counts of infected and uninfected individuals. We begin by reviewing the main classical approaches to parameter estimation, and some of their applications. We then review recently developed methods which enable representation of component processes such as infection and recovery, with observation models that acknowledge the complexities of the sampling and detection processes. We demonstrate the need to account for detectability in modeling disease dynamics, and explore a number of mark-recapture and occupancy study designs for estimating disease parameters while simultaneously accounting for variation in detectability. We highlight the utility of different modeling approaches and also consider the typically strong assumptions that may actually serve to limit their utility in general application to the study of disease dynamics (e.g., assignment of individuals to discrete disease states when underlying state space is more generally continuous; transitions assumed to be simple first-order Markov; temporal separation of hazard and transition events).
C1 [Cooch, Evan G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Conn, Paul B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Cooch, EG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM evan.cooch@cornell.edu
NR 186
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 4
U2 62
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0021-8375
EI 1439-0361
J9 J ORNITHOL
JI J. Ornithol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 152
SU 2
BP S485
EP S509
DI 10.1007/s10336-010-0636-3
PG 25
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 016RZ
UT WOS:000309538300019
ER
PT J
AU Notarnicola, C
Caporaso, L
Di Giuseppe, F
Temimi, M
Ventura, B
Zebisch, M
AF Notarnicola, C.
Caporaso, L.
Di Giuseppe, F.
Temimi, M.
Ventura, B.
Zebisch, M.
TI Inferring soil moisture variability in the Mediterrean Sea area using
infrared and passive microwave observations
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMAL INERTIA; ERS SCATTEROMETER; AMSR-E; RETRIEVAL; TEMPERATURE;
VALIDATION; WETNESS; SURFACE; BASIN; MODEL
AB The objective of this study was to infer soil moisture variability from a combination of passive microwave and infrared satellite observations. The proposed approach is mainly based on the concept of apparent thermal inertia (ATI) and makes use of the daily gradient in brightness temperature from MODIS AQUA to infer soil moisture at moderate spatial resolution. Soil moisture retrievals from optical polar orbiting satellites are affected by discontinuities due to the presence of clouds and spurious fluctuations because of low temporal sampling, which is not sufficient for a reliable daily cycle sampling. To mitigate these limitations, we propose using soil moisture temporal trend derived from passive microwave based product, namely the NASA AMSR-E soil moisture product, to filter estimates from MODIS observations. Passive microwave-based soil moisture products exhibit less fluctuation because of their coarse resolution and lower sensitivity to atmosphere. They can therefore be considered as natural "low pass filters" thus reducing the effect of noise in the infrared based estimates. A sensitivity test was conducted to identify to determine the contribution of various factors to the inferred soil moisture from ATI and the error that they may introduce in the estimates. The ATI-based approach was then applied to qualitatively describe the spatial distribution of soil moisture. The algorithm was validated over two different test areas in Italy and France where reference measurements are available. For the test site in Italy, the obtained ATI values were clustered around four different values corresponding to different levels of wetness. The determined four classes of soil moisture (low, medium, medium-high, and high) were compared to available in situ observations. An agreement with in situ observations of 81% was obtained. In densely vegetated areas, only three classes of soil moisture were instead distinguishable. The obtained agreement between observed and inferred soil moisture values was 88%. Also, in the second study area in France, where vegetation is more dominant, only three classes of soil moisture were determined with a lower agreement of 73%. In addition, the ATI trends are in agreement with thermal inertia values determined from physics-based formulation. This study showed that a combination of infrared and passive microwave observation may lead to a better mapping of soil moisture at the regional scale.
C1 [Notarnicola, C.; Ventura, B.; Zebisch, M.] EURAC, Inst Appl Remote Sensing, Bolzano, Italy.
[Caporaso, L.] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
[Di Giuseppe, F.] ARPA Serv IdroMeteoClima, Bologna, Italy.
[Temimi, M.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA.
RP Notarnicola, C (reprint author), EURAC, Inst Appl Remote Sensing, Viale Druso 1, Bolzano, Italy.
EM Claudia.notarnicola@eurac.edu
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 14
PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST
PI KANATA
PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA
SN 1712-7971
J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS
JI Can. J. Remote Sens.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 1
BP 46
EP 59
DI 10.5589/m12-011
PG 14
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA 971QM
UT WOS:000306218900004
ER
PT J
AU DeWitt, JC
Peden-Adams, MM
Keller, JM
Germolec, DR
AF DeWitt, Jamie C.
Peden-Adams, Margie M.
Keller, Jennifer M.
Germolec, Dori R.
TI Immunotoxicity of Perfluorinated Compounds: Recent Developments
SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE perfluorinated compounds; immunotoxicity; inflammation; perfluorooctane
sulfonate; perfluorooctanoic acid; peroxisome proliferator activated
receptor alpha
ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; SHORT-TERM
EXPOSURE; FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE; NF-KAPPA-B; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR;
HUMORAL IMMUNITY; MARINE MAMMALS; UNITED-STATES; FLUORINATED
HYDROCARBONS
AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are environmentally widespread, persistent, and bioaccumulative chemicals with multiple toxicities reported in experimental models and wildlife, including immunomodulation. The two most commonly detected compounds, which also generally occur in the highest concentrations in environmentally exposed organisms, are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). PFOA and PFOS have been reported to alter inflammatory responses, production of cytokines, and adaptive and innate immune responses in rodent models, avian models, reptilian models, and mammalian and nonmammalian wildlife. Mounting evidence suggests that immune effects in laboratory animal models occur at serum concentrations below, within the reported range, or just above those reported for highly exposed humans and wildlife. Thus, the risk of immune effects for humans and wildlife exposed to PFCs cannot be discounted, especially when bioaccumulation and exposure to multiple PFCs are considered. This review contains brief descriptions of current and recently published work exploring immunomodulation by PFOA, PFOS, and other PFCs in rodent models, alternative laboratory models, and wildlife.
C1 [DeWitt, Jamie C.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA.
[Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Keller, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA.
[Germolec, Dori R.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP DeWitt, JC (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Brody Sch Med, 6S-10 Brody Bldg,600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27834 USA.
EM dewittj@ecu.edu
OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059
FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes
of Health
FX The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect
to the authorship and/or publication of this article. This research was
supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of
Health. This article may be the work product of an employee or group of
employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
(NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH); however, the statements,
opinions or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent
the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the U.S.
government.
NR 101
TC 87
Z9 88
U1 7
U2 78
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0192-6233
EI 1533-1601
J9 TOXICOL PATHOL
JI Toxicol. Pathol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 40
IS 2
BP 300
EP 311
DI 10.1177/0192623311428473
PG 12
WC Pathology; Toxicology
SC Pathology; Toxicology
GA 961JL
UT WOS:000305460600020
PM 22109712
ER
PT J
AU Holloway, CL
Shah, HA
Pirkl, R
Young, WF
Hill, DA
Ladbury, J
AF Holloway, Christopher L.
Shah, Haider A.
Pirkl, Ryan
Young, William F.
Hill, David A.
Ladbury, John
TI A Three-Antenna Technique for Determining the Total and Radiation
Efficiencies of Antennas in Reverberation Chambers
SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Antenna measurements; antenna radiation efficiency; reverberation
chambers; total efficiency; uncertainties
AB In this paper, we discuss a three-antenna reverberation-chamber method that allows for the determination of the antenna efficiency. While reverberation chambers have been used in the past for determining antenna efficiency, the previous approaches required knowledge of the efficiency of a reference antenna. The approach discussed in this paper allows one to determine the efficiency of one or all three antennas, and does not require one to know the efficiency of any of the antennas under test beforehand. The technique combines both time-domain and frequency-domain processed data, collected in reverberation-chamber experiments. Combining data in these two domains for three sets of experiments (a set for each two-antenna combination of the three antennas under test) allows for the determination of the efficiencies of the three unknown antennas. In this paper, we discuss the technique and present experimental data in order to illustrate its validity.
C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Shah, Haider A.; Pirkl, Ryan; Young, William F.; Hill, David A.; Ladbury, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov
OI Pirkl, Ryan/0000-0001-8803-3154
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1045-9243
EI 1558-4143
J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M
JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 54
IS 1
BP 235
EP 241
DI 10.1109/MAP.2012.6209518
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 957RJ
UT WOS:000305180100020
ER
PT J
AU Miyakoda, K
Cherchi, A
Navarra, A
Masina, S
Ploshay, J
AF Miyakoda, Kikuro
Cherchi, Annalisa
Navarra, Antonio
Masina, Simona
Ploshay, Jeff
TI ENSO and Its Effects on the Atmospheric Heating Processes
SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ASIAN SUMMER
MONSOON; TROPICAL-WIDE TELECONNECTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS;
NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; PACIFIC WARM POOL;
EL-NINO; INDIAN-OCEAN
AB El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important air-sea coupled phenomenon that plays a dominant role in the variability of the tropical regions. Observations, atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis datasets are used to classify ENSO and non-ENSO years to investigate the typical features of its periodicity and atmospheric circulation patterns. Among non-ENSO years, we have analyzed a group, called type-II years, with very small SST anomalies in summer that tend to weaken the correlation between ENSO and precipitation in the equatorial regions. A unique character of ENSO is studied in terms of the quasi-biennial periodicity of SST and heat content (HC) fields over the Pacific-Indian Oceans. While the SST tends to have higher biennial frequency along the Equator, the HC maximizes it into two centers in the western Pacific sector. The north-western center, located east of Mindanao, is strongly correlated with SST in the NINO3 region. The classification of El Nino and La Nina years, based on NINO3 SST and north-western Pacific HC respectively, has been used to identify and describe temperature and wind patterns over an extended-ENSO region that includes the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans.
The description of the spatial patterns within the atmospheric ENSO circulation has been extended to tropospheric moisture fields and low-level moisture divergence during November-December-January, differentiating the role of El Nino, when lame amounts of condensational heat are concentrated in the central Pacific, from La Nina that tends to mainly redistribute heat to Maritime Continents and higher latitudes. The influence of the described mechanisms on equatorial convection in the context of the variability of ENSO on longer timescales for the end of the 20th century is questioned. However, the inaccuracy of the atmospheric reanalysis products in terms of precipitation and the shorter time length of more reliable datasets hamper a final conclusion on this issue.
C1 [Cherchi, Annalisa; Navarra, Antonio; Masina, Simona] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy.
[Cherchi, Annalisa; Navarra, Antonio; Masina, Simona] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy.
[Miyakoda, Kikuro] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Ploshay, Jeff] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Cherchi, A (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat CMCC, Viale Aldo Moro 44, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
EM annalisa.cherchi@bo.ingv.it
RI Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012
FU Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; Ministry for
Environment, Land and Sea
FX We are grateful to the reviewers whose comments helped us to largely
improve the manuscript. We express our appreciation to GFDL (Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory), US Department of Commerce for providing the
convenience of the research to K. Miyakoda and J. Ploshay. We are also
very much owe to a number of people, particularly Drs. S. Manabe and S.
K. Bryan, A. F. Wittenberg, Ms. Cathy Raphael. Dr. P. Kalberg is
acknowledged as he provided the unpublished information about the
accuracy of ERA-40. The JRA-25 long-term reanalysis cooperative research
project carried out by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) has been
used in this study. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Italian
Ministry of Education, University and Research, and Ministry for
Environment, Land and Sea through the project GEMINA.
NR 105
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 8
PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
100-0004, JAPAN
SN 0026-1165
EI 2186-9057
J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN
JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 90
IS 1
BP 35
EP 57
DI 10.2151/jmsj.2012-103
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 930JG
UT WOS:000303135100004
ER
PT J
AU Aronson, RB
Precht, WF
Macintyre, IG
Toth, LT
AF Aronson, Richard B.
Precht, William F.
Macintyre, Ian G.
Toth, Lauren T.
TI Catastrophe and the life span of coral reefs
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Belize; coral bleaching; coral disease; coral reef; earthquake;
paleoecology; resilience; sponges; submarine avalanche; T-50
ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
PHASE-SHIFTS; BELIZE; ECOSYSTEMS; RESILIENCE; DISTURBANCE; RECOVERY;
ISLANDS
AB A strong earthquake in the western Caribbean in 2009 had a catastrophic impact on uncemented, unconsolidated coral reefs in the central sector of the shelf lagoon of the Belizean barrier reef. In a set of 21 reef sites that had been observed prior to the earthquake, the benthic assemblages of 10 were eradicated, and one was partially damaged, by avalanching of their slopes. Ecological dynamics that had played out over the previous 23 years, including the mass mortalities of two sequentially dominant coral species and a large increase in the cover of an encrusting sponge, were instantaneously rendered moot in the areas of catastrophic reef-slope failure. Because these prior dynamics also determined the benthic composition and resilience of adjacent sections of reef that remained intact, the history of disturbance prior to the earthquake will strongly influence decadal-scale recovery in the failed areas. Geological analysis of the reef framework yielded a minimum return time of 2000-4000 years for this type of high-amplitude event. Anthropogenic degradation of ecosystems must be viewed against the backdrop of long-period, natural catastrophes, such as the impact of strong earthquakes on uncemented, lagoonal reefs.
C1 [Aronson, Richard B.; Toth, Lauren T.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Precht, William F.] NOAA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA.
[Macintyre, Ian G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
RP Aronson, RB (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
EM raronson@fit.edu
FU Smithsonian Marine Science Network
FX We thank M. B. Bush, S. R. Dudgeon, L. Kaufman, R. M. Moody, B. R.
Silliman, R. A. Tankersley, R. van Woesik, and J. L. Wulff for advice
and discussion. Comments from two anonymous reviewers improved the
manuscript. W. B. Goodwin and A. G. Macintyre assisted with the
fieldwork. T. Rath and B. V. Shank kindly provided images and initial
information on the impacts of the earthquake in Belize. Fieldwork was
supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Marine Science Network and
carried out under a permit from the Belize Department of Fisheries. This
paper is Contribution No. 909 from the Smithsonian's Caribbean Coral
Reef Ecosystems (CCRE) Program and Contribution No. 62 from the
Institute for Research on Global Climate Change at the Florida Institute
of Technology. The content of this paper does not reflect any position
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or the
U.S. Government, unless otherwise specified.
NR 71
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 49
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
EI 1939-9170
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP 303
EP 313
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 925WZ
UT WOS:000302794100011
PM 22624312
ER
PT J
AU Rodrigues, P
Aubrecht, C
Gil, A
Longcore, T
Elvidge, C
AF Rodrigues, Pedro
Aubrecht, Christoph
Gil, Artur
Longcore, Travis
Elvidge, Chris
TI Remote sensing to map influence of light pollution on Cory's shearwater
in Sao Miguel Island, Azores Archipelago
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Light pollution; Marine birds; Remote sensing; Ground collection data;
Azores Islands
ID CALONECTRIS-DIOMEDEA; ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS; MOON PHASE; PETRELS;
ATTRACTION; SEABIRDS; BIRDS; CONSERVATION; MORTALITY; GRANDE
AB Global economic and population growth increase the extent and intensity of artificial night lighting. From an ecological perspective, this is light pollution, which causes changes in reproductive physiology, migration and foraging of many species and ultimately leads to loss of biodiversity. Some seabirds are intimately linked with the light features of their environments because they are nocturnally active. We report light-induced groundings of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) during a 2-year study (2008 and 2009) in Sao Miguel Island, in the Azores archipelago, and investigate the spatial correlation of locations of grounded birds with an annual composite of remotely sensed stable lights. Results indicate that 16.7% of fledglings are attracted to lights. The exposure of shearwater colonies in the study area to artificial night lighting is low overall. Four colonies account for 87% of the grounded birds. The distance each bird was found from the closest colony was best explained by the ratio of the satellite-measured light levels at the grounding spot to the light levels at the assigned colony of origin. These results demonstrate that satellite-observed nighttime lights are sufficient to assess risk to marine birds at the scale of oceanic islands and indicate their utility for monitoring the effectiveness of programs to manage lighting to reduce risk for these species and conducting global assessments of species vulnerability. To minimize the impact on Cory's shearwater and other marine birds, we recommend measures such as reduction and control of lighting intensity near colony locations, while continuing and re-enforcing rescue campaigns.
C1 [Rodrigues, Pedro] Univ Azores, P-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
[Rodrigues, Pedro] Univ Azores, Dept Biol, CIBIO Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources, Sao Miguel, Azores, Portugal.
[Aubrecht, Christoph] AIT Austrian Inst Technol GmbH, Foresight & Policy Dev Dept, Vienna, Austria.
[Gil, Artur] Univ Azores, Dept Biol, CITA Azorean Biodivers Grp, Sao Miguel, Azores, Portugal.
[Longcore, Travis] Univ So Calif, Spatial Sci Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Elvidge, Chris] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr NGDC, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Rodrigues, P (reprint author), Univ Azores, Rua Mae Deus,Apartado 1422, P-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
EM pedrorodrigues@uac.pt; christoph.aubrecht@ait.ac.at; arturgil@uac.pt;
longcore@usc.edu; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov
RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Gil, Artur/I-7520-2012; Aubrecht,
Christoph/K-1821-2012; Rodrigues, Pedro/L-6682-2014; Longcore,
Travis/A-4978-2008
OI Gil, Artur/0000-0003-4450-8167; Rodrigues, Pedro/0000-0002-2974-5909;
Longcore, Travis/0000-0002-1039-2613
FU NOAA
FX The nighttime lights data used for the presented research result from
the DMSP archive run and maintained by NOAA's NGDC (Boulder, CO). The
SOS Cagarro data were kindly provided by the NGO "Amigos dos A ores."
The authors thank NOAA for funding work that contributed to this
article. The article contents are solely the opinions of the authors and
do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf
of NOAA or the US Government.
NR 46
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 7
U2 67
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1612-4642
J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES
JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 58
IS 1
BP 147
EP 155
DI 10.1007/s10344-011-0555-5
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 912GB
UT WOS:000301781700016
ER
PT J
AU Srinioas, G
Ford, J
Zhou, W
Yildirim, T
AF Srinioas, Gadipelli
Ford, Jamie
Zhou, Wei
Yildirim, Taner
TI Zn-MOF assisted dehydrogenation of ammonia borane: Enhanced kinetics and
clean hydrogen generation
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Renewable Energy (ICRE)
CY JAN 17-21, 2011
CL Jaipur, INDIA
SP Univ Rajasthan, Ctr Non-Convent Energy Resources
DE Ammonia borane; Metal-organic framework; Nanoconfinement;
Dehydrogenation kinetics; Hydrogen storage
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; STORAGE MATERIALS; ADSORPTION; NH3BH3; SITES;
UNITS
AB We report controllable and enhanced hydrogen release kinetics at reduced temperatures in ammonia borane (AB) catalyzed by Zn-MOF-74. AB is loaded into the unsaturated Zn-metal coordinated one-dimensional hexagonal open nanopores of MOF-74 (ABMOF) via solution infiltration. The ABMOF system provides clean hydrogen by suppressing the release of detrimental volatile byproducts such as ammonia, borazine and diborane. These byproducts prevent the direct use of AB as a hydrogen source for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. The H-2 release temperature, kinetics, and byproduct generation are dependent on the amount of AB loading. We show that nanoconfinement of AB and its interaction with the active Zn-metal centers in MOF are important in promoting efficient and clean hydrogen generation. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Srinioas, Gadipelli; Ford, Jamie; Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Srinioas, Gadipelli; Ford, Jamie; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Srinioas, G (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gsrini@seas.upenn.edu; taner@seas.upenn.edu
RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Gadipelli,
Srinivas/A-8622-2010
OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905
NR 26
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 76
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
EI 1879-3487
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 4
BP 3633
EP 3638
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.04.008
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 910CP
UT WOS:000301615100071
ER
PT J
AU Incardona, JP
Vines, CA
Linbo, TL
Myers, MS
Sloan, CA
Anulacion, BF
Boyd, D
Collier, TK
Morgan, S
Cherr, GN
Scholz, NL
AF Incardona, John P.
Vines, Carol A.
Linbo, Tiffany L.
Myers, Mark S.
Sloan, Catherine A.
Anulacion, Bernadita F.
Boyd, Daryle
Collier, Tracy K.
Morgan, Steven
Cherr, Gary N.
Scholz, Nathaniel L.
TI Potent Phototoxicity of Marine Bunker Oil to Translucent Herring Embryos
after Prolonged Weathering
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EXXON-VALDEZ
OIL; CRUDE-OIL; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; CLUPEA-PALLASI; DAPHNIA-MAGNA;
FISH EMBRYOS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS
AB Pacific herring embryos (Clupea pallasi) spawned three months following the Cosco Busan bunker oil spill in San Francisco Bay showed high rates of late embryonic mortality in the intertidal zone at oiled sites. Dead embryos developed to the hatching stage (e. g. fully pigmented eyes) before suffering extensive tissue deterioration. In contrast, embryos incubated subtidally at oiled sites showed evidence of sublethal oil exposure (petroleum-induced cardiac toxicity) with very low rates of mortality. These field findings suggested an enhancement of oil toxicity through an interaction between oil and another environmental stressor in the intertidal zone, such as higher levels of sunlight-derived ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We tested this hypothesis by exposing herring embryos to both trace levels of weathered Cosco Busan bunker oil and sunlight, with and without protection from UV radiation. Cosco Busan oil and UV co-exposure were both necessary and sufficient to induce an acutely lethal necrotic syndrome in hatching stage embryos that closely mimicked the condition of dead embryos sampled from oiled sites. Tissue levels of known phototoxic polycyclic aromatic compounds were too low to explain the observed degree of phototoxicity, indicating the presence of other unidentified or unmeasured phototoxic compounds derived from bunker oil. These findings provide a parsimonious explanation for the unexpectedly high losses of intertidal herring spawn following the Cosco Busan spill. The chemical composition and associated toxicity of bunker oils should be more thoroughly evaluated to better understand and anticipate the ecological impacts of vessel-derived spills associated with an expanding global transportation network.
C1 [Incardona, John P.; Linbo, Tiffany L.; Myers, Mark S.; Sloan, Catherine A.; Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Boyd, Daryle; Collier, Tracy K.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA USA.
[Vines, Carol A.; Morgan, Steven; Cherr, Gary N.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA.
[Cherr, Gary N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Cherr, Gary N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA USA.
EM john.incardona@noaa.gov
RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013
OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272
FU Natural Resource Damage Assessment process; Cosco Busan oil spill
Responsible Party by Federal and California State
FX All funding for this work was provided by the Natural Resource Damage
Assessment process, obtained from the Cosco Busan oil spill Responsible
Party by Federal and California State co-Trustees under the authority of
the US Clean Water and Oil Pollution Acts. The funders had no role in
study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 36
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 4
U2 50
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 2
AR e30116
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030116
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 914UG
UT WOS:000301977500004
PM 22312421
ER
PT J
AU Li, YQ
Sunila, I
Wikfors, GH
AF Li, Yaqin
Sunila, Inke
Wikfors, Gary H.
TI Bioactive effects of Prorocentrum minimum on juvenile bay scallops
(Argopecten irradians irradians) are dependent upon algal physiological
status
SO BOTANICA MARINA
LA English
DT Article
DE growth stage; Prorocentrum minimum; scallop; toxicity
ID DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM-MINUTUM; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA;
MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; LIFE-HISTORY STAGES; KARLODINIUM-VENEFICUM;
MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE; EASTERN OYSTER; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; CULTURED
STRAIN; HARMFUL ALGAE
AB The harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum reportedly has variable toxicity to grazing animals. We used the bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians as a bioassay organism to compare expression of harmful effects of P. minimum cultures in growth or senescent phases. The non-toxic alga Rhodomonas sp. was used as a control. Exposure to both types of P minimum cultures decreased the degree of shell opening, amount of biodeposits produced, motility and byssal-thread attachment. As P minimum cultures approached senescence, effects became more severe, and mortality increased to 15% in scallops exposed to senescent P minimum. Pathological effects of P minimum on scallops included derangements of scallop digestive tubules and the adductor muscles, and abnormal hemocyte distributions, which were more severe in scallops exposed to senescent cultures. These findings help to explain the variable toxicity of P minimum to scallops and other bivalves reported in the literature. Further, these findings demonstrate that the definition of a "harmful algal bloom" should probably be expanded to include physiological status along with identity and abundance of a phytoplankton species.
C1 [Li, Yaqin; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
[Sunila, Inke] USDA, Bur Aquaculture, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RP Li, YQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
EM judy.yaqi.li@noaa.gov
NR 50
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 17
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0006-8055
J9 BOT MAR
JI Bot. Marina
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 55
IS 1
BP 19
EP 29
DI 10.1515/BOT.2011.123
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 915QS
UT WOS:000302043100002
ER
PT J
AU Marko, P
Nance, H
Dawson-Guynn, K
AF Marko, Peter
Nance, Holly
Dawson-Guynn, Kimberly
TI Seafood mislabeling: a response to Mariani
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Letter
ID FISH
C1 [Marko, Peter] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Nance, Holly] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL USA.
[Dawson-Guynn, Kimberly] NOAA, Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS USA.
RP Marko, P (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM pmarko@clemson.edu
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 11
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1540-9295
J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON
JI Front. Ecol. Environ.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 10
IS 1
BP 10
EP 11
DI 10.1890/12.WB.002
PG 2
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 913GG
UT WOS:000301864000013
ER
PT J
AU Soler, T
Smith, D
AF Soler, Tomas
Smith, Dru
TI Closure to "Rigorous Estimation of Local Accuracies" by Tomas Soler and
Dru Smith
SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Soler, Tomas] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Soler, T (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 E W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov; Dru.Smith@noaa.gov
RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9453
J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE
JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 138
IS 1
BP 48
EP 50
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000071
PG 3
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 910WS
UT WOS:000301675500008
ER
PT J
AU Hudson, MR
Queen, WL
Mason, JA
Fickel, DW
Lobo, RF
Brown, CM
AF Hudson, Matthew R.
Queen, Wendy L.
Mason, Jarad A.
Fickel, Dustin W.
Lobo, Raul F.
Brown, Craig M.
TI Unconventional, Highly Selective CO2 Adsorption in Zeolite SSZ-13
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; CHABAZITE ZEOLITES;
GAS-ADSORPTION; HIGH-CAPACITY; TEMPERATURE; MEMBRANES; PRESSURE;
STORAGE; SODIUM
AB Low-pressure adsorption of carbon dioxide and nitrogen was studied in both acidic and copper-exchanged forms of SSZ-13, a zeolite containing an 8-ring window. Under ideal conditions for industrial separations of CO, from N-2, the ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity is >70 in each compound. For low gas coverage, the isosteric heat of adsorption for CO2 was found to be 33.1 and 34.0 kJ/mol for Cu- and H-SSZ-13, respectively. From in situ neutron powder diffraction measurements, we ascribe the CO2 over N-2 selectivity to differences in binding sites for the two gases, where the primary CO2 binding site is located in the center of the 8-membered-ring pore window. This CO2 binding mode, which has important implications for use of zeolites in separations, has not been observed before and is rationalized and discussed relative to the high selectivity for CO2 over N-2 in SSZ-13 and other zeolites containing 8-ring windows.
C1 [Fickel, Dustin W.; Lobo, Raul F.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Brown, Craig M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW, Australia.
[Mason, Jarad A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hudson, Matthew R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hudson, Matthew R.; Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lobo, RF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM lobo@udel.edu; craig.brown@nist.gov
RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009;
OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341
FU ACS-PRF [48480-ACS]; NSF
FX R.F.L. and D.W.F. acknowledge financial support from ACS-PRF grant no.
48480-ACS. W.L.Q., gratefully acknowledges the NIST NRC postdoctoral
research associateship program. We also thank NSF for providing graduate
fellowship support (JAM.). We thank V. K. Peterson for providing
technical assistance and supplies at ANSTO, and C. J. Kepert for use of
the argon glovebox.
NR 40
TC 121
Z9 125
U1 13
U2 195
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 134
IS 4
BP 1970
EP 1973
DI 10.1021/ja210580b
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 903AF
UT WOS:000301084600020
PM 22235866
ER
PT J
AU Li, Y
Zaluzhna, O
Zangmeister, CD
Allison, TC
Tong, YYJ
AF Li, Ying
Zaluzhna, Oksana
Zangmeister, Christopher D.
Allison, Thomas C.
Tong, YuYe J.
TI Different Mechanisms Govern the Two-Phase Brust-Schiffrin
Dialkylditelluride Syntheses of Ag and Au Nanoparticles
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLE-SIZE; C-13 NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS;
COMPLEXES; SPECTRA
AB Here we report the first unambiguous identification of the chemical structures of the precursor species involving metal (Au and Ag) ions and Te-containing ligands in the Brust-Schiffrin syntheses of the respective metal nanoparticles, through which the different reaction pathways involved are delineated.
C1 [Li, Ying; Zaluzhna, Oksana; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
[Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tong, YYJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
EM yyt@georgetown.edu
RI Li, Ying/B-9837-2013; Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008
OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3466-4115; Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X
FU NSF [CHE-0456848, CHE-0923910]; Department of Energy's Office of
Biological and Environmental Research
FX This work was supported by grants from the NSF (CHE-0456848 and
CHE-0923910). The authors thank the UMD NISP Lab for use of its TEM
facility. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a National
Scientific User Facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office
of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory.
NR 25
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 40
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 134
IS 4
BP 1990
EP 1992
DI 10.1021/ja210359r
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 903AF
UT WOS:000301084600025
PM 22260496
ER
PT J
AU Bronnimann, S
Martius, O
von Waldow, H
Welker, C
Luterbacher, J
Compo, GP
Sardeshmukh, PD
Usbeck, T
AF Broennimann, S.
Martius, O.
von Waldow, H.
Welker, C.
Luterbacher, J.
Compo, G. P.
Sardeshmukh, P. D.
Usbeck, T.
TI Extreme winds at northern mid-latitudes since 1871
SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; SOUTHERN SWEDEN; CENTRAL-EUROPE; WINTER STORMS;
CLIMATE; SWITZERLAND; ATLANTIC; EVENTS; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE
AB Studying a sufficiently large sample of extremes or analysing the statistics of their occurrence, including trends, is hampered by the length of the existing observation-based record. New data sets such as the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR), which consists of an ensemble of 56 members, significantly extend our record back in time. In this paper, we present examples of extremes of winds at northern hemisphere mid-latitudes in 20CR to illustrate challenges and opportunities for analysing extremes over a longer period than previously possible. For four representative storms from Europe and North America, 20CR provides a relatively good depiction of the synoptic-scale meteorological development, although it misses smaller scale features as well as local effects due to orography. For analysing trends of extreme winds, it is shown that the individual ensemble members should be used, rather than the ensemble mean, which appears to be biased towards lower wind speeds early in the record. For the studied locations, decadal variability and trends can best be characterised after around 1950, when the ensemble variance remains consistent. Different methodological approaches for studying changes in extreme winds are discussed. Finally, we show hemispheric maps of trends in extreme wind speeds since 1950.
C1 [Broennimann, S.; Martius, O.; von Waldow, H.; Welker, C.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Broennimann, S.; Martius, O.; von Waldow, H.; Welker, C.] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Luterbacher, J.] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog Climatol Climate Dynam & Climate Change, Giessen, Germany.
[Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.] Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Usbeck, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
[Usbeck, T.] Univ Neuchatel, Dept Geog, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Hallerstr 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
EM stefan.broennimann@giub.unibe.ch
OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Martius, Olivia/0000-0002-8645-4702;
Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991
FU Swiss National Science Foundation through the National Competence Centre
on Research (NCCR) in Climate; EU/FP7 project ACQWA [212250]; Office of
Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231,
DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation through
project EVALUATE and through the National Competence Centre on Research
(NCCR) in Climate. Juerg LUTERBACHER acknowledges support by the project
"Climate Change and Extreme Weather in Hessen Analysis of observation
data and ensemble projections for the 21st century" funded by
the Hessian Centre on Climate Change and Geology. Juerg LUTERBACHER is
also supported by the EU/FP7 project ACQWA (#212250). We acknowledge
helpful comments by Thomas WOHLGEMUTH (WSL, Switzerland). 20CR data were
obtained courtesy of the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from
their Web site at www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Support for the Twentieth
Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on
Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and
Environmental Research (BER), and by the NOAA Climate Goal. The Project
used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing
Center and of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science
of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. We acknowledge the
data providers in the ECA&D project (http://eca.knmi.nl)
NR 72
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 18
PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG
PI STUTTGART
PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176
STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0941-2948
EI 1610-1227
J9 METEOROL Z
JI Meteorol. Z.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 21
IS 1
BP 13
EP 27
DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0337
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 906XQ
UT WOS:000301382800003
ER
PT J
AU Bronnimann, S
Compo, GP
AF Broennimann, Stefan
Compo, Gilbert P.
TI Ozone highs and associated flow features in the first half of the
twentieth century in different data sets
SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA ASSIMILATION; REANALYSIS; INTRUSIONS; SIGNATURES; BLOCKING;
HISTORY; SECTOR; AROSA; IGY
AB In order to better understand weather extremes, their relation to the large-scale climate variability, and their possible changes over time, observation-based atmospheric data sets are required that reach back in time as far as possible and that provide information on the 3-dimensional structure of the atmosphere. A number of new such data sets have been published in recent years, including historical observations, reanalyses, and reconstructions, some of which reach back into the nineteenth century. However, their usefulness for studying weather extremes remains to be shown. Here we compare some of these historical data sets in the first half of the twentieth century, focusing on one specific type of extreme, namely "ozone highs". Using historical total ozone observations as a starting point, we assess dynamical links between total ozone, the flow near the tropopause, and tropospheric circulation in the "Twentieth Century Reanalysis" (20CR), historical radiosonde and aircraft observations, and hand drawn historical maps. Selected cases are presented for two regions (Europe and China). Ozone highs over Europe in the 1920s to 1950s were qualitatively well reproduced in 20CR and could mostly be interpreted in the context of cut-off lows. Some of these coincided with a blocking high over the North Atlantic or with vigorous cold-air outbreaks. One of these cases is analysed in more detail. Ozone highs over China in the 1930s may have been related to changes in the jet stream and the subtropical tropopause, but they were not always well reproduced in 20CR. The results demonstrate that, in many of the cases, the available data allow a dynamical interpretation. This confirms the potential of the available data and techniques to extend the length of atmospheric data sets suitable for studying extremes.
C1 [Broennimann, Stefan] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Broennimann, Stefan] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Compo, Gilbert P.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Hallerstr 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Bronnimann,
Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991
FU Swiss National Science Foundation; NOAA; Office of Science (BER); U.S.
Department of Energy; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX Productive conversations are acknowledged with colleagues at NOAA/ESRL,
J.S. WHITAKER and P.D. SARDESHMUKH (also of the University of Colorado
CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center). Assistance with the NCEP GFS ozone
parameterization was kindly provided by S. MOORTHI and S. SAHA at
NCEP/Environmental Modeling Center and J. MCCORMACK of Space Science
Division, Naval Research Laboratory. This work was funded by the Swiss
National Science Foundation project EVALUATE. G. COMPO received support
from the NOAA Climate Program and the Office of Science (BER), U.S.
Department of Energy. 20CR data were obtained courtesy of the
NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at
www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis
Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and
Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and
Environmental Research (BER), and by the NOAA Climate Goal. The Project
used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing
Center and of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science
of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively.
NR 32
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 10
PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG
PI STUTTGART
PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176
STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0941-2948
EI 1610-1227
J9 METEOROL Z
JI Meteorol. Z.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 21
IS 1
BP 49
EP 59
DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0284
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 906XQ
UT WOS:000301382800006
ER
PT J
AU Barkley, SS
Deng, Z
Gates, RS
Reitsma, MG
Cannara, RJ
AF Barkley, Sarice S.
Deng, Zhao
Gates, Richard S.
Reitsma, Mark G.
Cannara, Rachel J.
TI Quantitative comparison of two independent lateral force calibration
techniques for the atomic force microscope
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID CANTILEVERS
AB Two independent lateral-force calibration methods for the atomic force microscope (AFM)-the hammerhead (HH) technique and the diamagnetic lateral force calibrator (D-LFC)-are systematically compared and found to agree to within 5 % or less, but with precision limited to about 15 %, using four different tee-shaped HH reference probes. The limitations of each method, both of which offer independent yet feasible paths toward traceable accuracy, are discussed and investigated. We find that stiff cantilevers may produce inconsistent D-LFC values through the application of excessively high normal loads. In addition, D-LFC results vary when the method is implemented using different modes of AFM feedback control, constant height and constant force modes, where the latter is more consistent with the HH method and closer to typical experimental conditions. Specifically, for the D-LFC apparatus used here, calibration in constant height mode introduced errors up to 14 %. In constant force mode using a relatively stiff cantilever, we observed an approximate to 4 % systematic error per mu N of applied load for loads <= 1 mu N. The issue of excessive load typically emerges for cantilevers whose flexural spring constant is large compared with the normal spring constant of the D-LFC setup (such that relatively small cantilever flexural displacements produce relatively large loads). Overall, the HH method carries a larger uncertainty, which is dominated by uncertainty in measurement of the flexural spring constant of the HH cantilever as well as in the effective length dimension of the cantilever probe. The D-LFC method relies on fewer parameters and thus has fewer uncertainties associated with it. We thus show that it is the preferred method of the two, as long as care is taken to perform the calibration in constant force mode with low applied loads. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3685243]
C1 [Barkley, Sarice S.; Deng, Zhao; Cannara, Rachel J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Deng, Zhao] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gates, Richard S.; Reitsma, Mark G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cannara, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mark@asylumresearch.com; rachel.cannara@nist.gov
RI Cannara, Rachel/C-9128-2013; Deng, Zhao/B-6555-2016
OI Cannara, Rachel/0000-0002-2984-5475;
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
FX We thank Erin Flater and Gordon Shaw for helpful discussions regarding
this work. S.S.B. is grateful to the 2011 National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship
program for financial support.
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 83
IS 2
AR 023707
DI 10.1063/1.3685243
PN 1
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 909LS
UT WOS:000301566600031
PM 22380099
ER
PT J
AU Levine, J
AF Levine, Judah
TI Invited Review Article: The statistical modeling of atomic clocks and
the design of time scales
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Review
ID FREQUENCY; ALGORITHM; EAL
AB I will show how the statistical models that are used to describe the performance of atomic clocks are derived from their internal design. These statistical models form the basis for time scales, which are used to define international time scales such as International Atomic Time and Coordinated Universal Time. These international time scales are realized by ensembles of clocks at national laboratories such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and I will describe how ensembles of atomic clocks are characterized and managed. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681448]
C1 [Levine, Judah] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Levine, Judah] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 38
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 83
IS 2
AR 021101
DI 10.1063/1.3681448
PN 1
PG 28
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 909LS
UT WOS:000301566600002
PM 22380071
ER
PT J
AU Parker, TE
AF Parker, Thomas E.
TI Invited Review Article: The uncertainty in the realization and
dissemination of the SI second from a systems point of view
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Review
ID PRIMARY FREQUENCY STANDARD; TIME-TRANSFER; ACCURACY EVALUATION; NIST-F1;
CLOCKS; TAI; GPS
AB The uncertainty (accuracy) in the realization and dissemination of the SI second is determined by the characteristics of three major components: (1) primary frequency standards, (2) time scale flywheels that provide a continuously present frequency reference, and (3) frequency transfer systems. Currently these three systems contribute at approximately equal levels in the mid 10(-16) range over 20 to 30 days of averaging time to the practical delivery of the SI second to the most demanding users. Any significant improvement in one system requires similar improvements in the other two systems in order for most users to see the full benefits. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3682002]
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Parker, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 83
IS 2
AR 021102
DI 10.1063/1.3682002
PN 1
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 909LS
UT WOS:000301566600003
PM 22380072
ER
PT J
AU Tan, JN
Brewer, SM
Guise, ND
AF Tan, Joseph N.
Brewer, Samuel M.
Guise, Nicholas D.
TI Penning traps with unitary architecture for storage of highly charged
ions
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PARTICLES; CONFINEMENT; TECHNOLOGY;
ANTIMATTER; CRYSTALS; STATES; BEAMS
AB Penning traps are made extremely compact by embedding rare-earth permanent magnets in the electrode structure. Axially-oriented NdFeB magnets are used in unitary architectures that couple the electric and magnetic components into an integrated structure. We have constructed a two-magnet Penning trap with radial access to enable the use of laser or atomic beams, as well as the collection of light. An experimental apparatus equipped with ion optics is installed at the NIST electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility, constrained to fit within 1 meter at the end of a horizontal beamline for transporting highly charged ions. Highly charged ions of neon and argon, extracted with initial energies up to 4000 eV per unit charge, are captured and stored to study the confinement properties of a one-magnet trap and a two-magnet trap. Design considerations and some test results are discussed. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3685246]
C1 [Tan, Joseph N.; Guise, Nicholas D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Brewer, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Tan, JN (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU National Research Council
FX The work of Nicholas D. Guise is supported by a National Research
Council Associateship Award.
NR 40
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 83
IS 2
AR 023103
DI 10.1063/1.3685246
PN 1
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 909LS
UT WOS:000301566600006
PM 22380075
ER
PT J
AU Rasmussen, DJ
Fiore, AM
Naik, V
Horowitz, LW
McGinnis, SJ
Schultz, MG
AF Rasmussen, D. J.
Fiore, A. M.
Naik, V.
Horowitz, L. W.
McGinnis, S. J.
Schultz, M. G.
TI Surface ozone-temperature relationships in the eastern US: A monthly
climatology for evaluating chemistry-climate models
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ozone; Temperature; Climate; Global climate models; Model evaluation
ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-OXIDES EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY;
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; URBAN OZONE; SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; NOX;
METEOROLOGY
AB We use long-term, coincident O-3 and temperature measurements at the regionally representative US Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) over the eastern US from 1988 through 2009 to characterize the surface O-3 response to year-to-year fluctuations in weather, for the purpose of evaluating global chemistry-climate models. We first produce a monthly climatology for each site over all available years, defined as the slope of the best-fit line (m(O3-T)) between monthly average values of maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) O-3 and monthly average values of daily maximum surface temperature (T-max). Applying two distinct statistical approaches to aggregate the site-specific measurements to the regional scale, we find that summer time m(O3-T) is 3-6 ppb K-1 (r = 0.5-0.8) over the Northeast, 3-4 ppb K-1 (r = 0.5-0.9) over the Great Lakes, and 3-6 ppb K-1 (r = 0.2-0.8) over the Mid-Atlantic. The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Atmospheric Model version 3 (AM3) global chemistry-climate model generally captures the seasonal variations in correlation coefficients and m(O3-T) despite biases in both monthly mean summertime MDA8 O-3 (up to +10 to +30 ppb) and daily T-max (up to +5 K) over the eastern US. During summer, GFDL AM3 reproduces m(O3-T) over the Northeast (m(O3-T) = 2-6 ppb K-1; r = 0.6-0.9), but underestimates m(O3-T) by 4 ppb K-1 over the Mid-Atlantic, in part due to excessively warm temperatures above which O-3 production saturates in the model. Combining T-max biases in GFDL AM3 with an observation-based m(O3-T) estimate of 3 ppb K-1 implies that temperature biases could explain up to 5-15 ppb of the MDA8 O-3 bias in August and September though correcting for excessively cool temperatures would worsen the O-3 bias in June. We underscore the need for long-term, coincident measurements of air pollution and meteorological variables to develop process-level constraints for evaluating chemistry-climate models used to project air quality responses to climate change. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Naik, V.] NOAA, GFDL, High Performance Technol Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[McGinnis, S. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
RP Rasmussen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM david.rasmussen@noaa.gov
RI Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik,
Vaishali/A-4938-2013
OI Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700
NR 80
TC 51
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 47
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 47
BP 142
EP 153
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.021
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 903XY
UT WOS:000301157700017
ER
PT J
AU Santella, N
Ho, DT
Schlosser, P
Gottlieb, E
Munger, WJ
Elkins, JW
Dutton, GS
AF Santella, Nicholas
Ho, David T.
Schlosser, Peter
Gottlieb, Elaine
Munger, William J.
Elkins, James W.
Dutton, Geoffrey S.
TI Atmospheric variability and emissions of halogenated trace gases near
New York City
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Chlorofluorocarbons; Sulfur hexafluoride; Emission estimates;
Atmospheric transport
ID LARGE URBAN AREA; UNITED-STATES; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; HALOCARBONS; SF6;
TRENDS; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; CCL2F2; RADON; CCL3F
AB Elevated mixing ratios of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11 and CFC-12), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) have been observed at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), located approximately 25 km north of New York City (NYC). Emissions and transport of these gases are of interest because of their global warming potential, the role of CFCs in depletion of stratospheric ozone and information they provide on the transport of atmospheric pollutants. Comparison of trace gas time series with meteorological data indicates that both NYC and the region to the southwest (New Jersey and the Philadelphia -Washington DC area) are significant sources of CFCs, and confirms that NYC is an unusually large source of SF6. From 1996 to 2005 the elevation of CFC-12 mixing ratio above that of the remote (well mixed) atmosphere has decreased on average by 5.2 +/- 0.6 ppt y(-1), whereas that of CFC-11 has not changed significantly (0.0 +/- 2.0 ppt y(-1)). From 1998 to 2006, the elevation of SF6 mixing ratios above that of the remote atmosphere declined by 0.4 +/- 0.1 ppt y(-1). Time series of the same gases measured at Harvard Forest, 205 km northeast of LDEO, demonstrate transport of air masses with elevated levels of these gases from their source region to central Massachusetts. Emissions in the local area around LDEO were quantified through analysis of diurnal cycles. Local CFC-12 emissions decreased ca. 95% between 1996 and 2005 while CFC-11 emission decreased ca. 51% during the same period. Local SF6 emissions decreased by 47% between 1998 and 2005. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Santella, Nicholas; Ho, David T.; Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Santella, Nicholas; Ho, David T.; Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Gottlieb, Elaine] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA.
[Munger, William J.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA.
[Elkins, James W.; Dutton, Geoffrey S.] NOAA, GMD, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dutton, Geoffrey S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Schlosser, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM santella@ldeo.columbia.edu; schlosser@ldeo.columbia.edu
RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012; Ho, David/A-3154-2011
OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203; Ho, David/0000-0002-0944-6952
FU NSF/DOE through the Environmental Molecular Science Institute
FX We thank W. Schuster for providing Black Rock Forest meteorological
data. SF6 and CFC data from Harvard Forest was obtained
courtesy of Steven Wofsy of Harvard University . Funding was provided
by NSF/DOE through the Environmental Molecular Science Institute. This
is LDEO contribution 7501.
NR 33
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 47
BP 533
EP 540
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.012
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 903XY
UT WOS:000301157700059
ER
PT J
AU Tong, DQ
Lee, P
Saylor, RD
AF Tong, Daniel Q.
Lee, Pius
Saylor, Rick D.
TI New Directions: The need to develop process-based emission forecasting
models
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM
C1 [Tong, Daniel Q.; Lee, Pius; Saylor, Rick D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Tong, DQ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM daniel.tong@noaa.gov
RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014; Lee,
Pius/D-5201-2016
OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290;
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 47
BP 560
EP 561
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.070
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 903XY
UT WOS:000301157700063
ER
PT J
AU Eberle, APR
Porcar, L
AF Eberle, Aaron P. R.
Porcar, Lionel
TI Flow-SANS and Rheo-SANS applied to soft matter
SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE SANS; Rheo-SANS; Flow-SANS; Flow induced structure; Shear; Flow
ID ANGLE-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; INTERNAL PHASE EMULSIONS; SOLID-SOLUTION
INTERFACE; WORMLIKE MICELLES; LAMELLAR PHASE; SHEAR-FLOW; ELONGATIONAL
FLOW; UNDULATION INSTABILITY; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; SURFACTANT
MESOPHASES
AB We review the current literature pertaining to the characterization of soft matter subject to flow utilizing small-angle neutron scattering, flow-SANS, with an emphasis on the simultaneous measurement of the rheology, Rheo-SANS. Experimental results are discussed in terms of the flow induced structure and direct connection to the bulk rheology in which we highlight the use of the contrast match method as a unique advantage to neutron scattering techniques. Finally, we discuss specific areas in each field that could benefit from focused flow-SANS experiments, and the projected evolution of specialized flow-SANS sample environments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Laue Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, Grenoble, France.
[Eberle, Aaron P. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Porcar, L (reprint author), Inst Laue Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, Grenoble, France.
EM porcar@ill.fr
FU National Academy of Sciences through a National Research Council;
Institut Laue Langevin (ILL)
FX The authors thank Paul Butler for discussion and Kathleen Weigandt for
the images in Fig. 3. The financial support for A.P.R.E, comes from the
National Academy of Sciences through a National Research Council
postdoctoral fellowship award, and support for L P. comes from the
Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). The identification of any commercial
product or trade name within this paper does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor
does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily
the best available for the purpose.
NR 123
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 8
U2 93
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1359-0294
EI 1879-0399
J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN
JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 17
IS 1
BP 33
EP 43
DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.12.001
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 912AU
UT WOS:000301766600005
ER
PT J
AU Kirby, BJ
Kienzle, PA
Maranville, BB
Berk, NF
Krycka, J
Heinrich, F
Majkrzak, CF
AF Kirby, B. J.
Kienzle, P. A.
Maranville, B. B.
Berk, N. F.
Krycka, J.
Heinrich, F.
Majkrzak, C. F.
TI Phase-sensitive specular neutron reflectometry for imaging the nanometer
scale composition depth profile of thin-film materials
SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE Neutron; Reflectivity; Phase-sensitive; Thin films; Multilayers;
Composition depth profile
ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; X-RAY REFLECTOMETRY; DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION;
SURROUNDING MEDIA; DENSITY PROFILES; LIPID-MEMBRANES; REFLECTION;
SURFACES; INTERFACES; BILAYER
AB Neutron reflectometry is a powerful method for probing the molecular scale structure of both hard and soft condensed matter films. Moreover, the phase-sensitive methods which have been developed make it possible for specular neutron reflectometry to be effectively employed as an imaging device of the composition depth profile of thin film materials with a spatial resolution approaching a fraction of a nanometer. The image of the cross-sectional distribution of matter in the film obtained in such a way can be shown to be, in most cases, unambiguous to a degree limited primarily by the range and statistical uncertainty of the reflectivity data available. The application of phase-sensitive neutron reflectometry (PSNR) to the study of several types of soft matter thin film systems are illustrated by a number of specific examples from recent studies. In addition, new software tools available to the researcher to apply PSNR methods and analysis are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kirby, B. J.; Kienzle, P. A.; Maranville, B. B.; Berk, N. F.; Krycka, J.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Heinrich, F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Majkrzak, CF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010
OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X
NR 61
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 3
U2 38
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1359-0294
EI 1879-0399
J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN
JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 17
IS 1
BP 44
EP 53
DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.11.001
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 912AU
UT WOS:000301766600006
ER
PT J
AU Kim, FH
Penumadu, D
Hussey, DS
AF Kim, Felix H.
Penumadu, Dayakar
Hussey, Daniel S.
TI Water Distribution Variation in Partially Saturated Granular Materials
Using Neutron Imaging
SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Imaging; Sand; Water; Partially; Saturated; Neutrons; X-rays;
Tomography; Three dimensional; Quantification
ID X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; POROUS-MEDIA; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; VOID RATIO;
RADIOGRAPHY; STABILITY; POROSITY; LIQUIDS
AB The use of neutron imaging is demonstrated for visualizing and quantifying water distribution in partially saturated granular porous media. Because of the unique difference in the total neutron cross sections of water, sand, and air, a significant contrast for the three phases is observed in a neutron transmission image, and a quantitative analysis provides detailed information on the arrangement and distribution of particles, voids, and water. The experiments in this study are performed at the Neutron Imaging Facility (NIF) at the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST). An amorphous silicon flat panel detector was used in this research with a spatial resolution of approximately 250 mu m (127 mu m/pixel). The effect of particle morphology on water distribution in compacted granular columns is investigated by using round and angular silica sand. Silica sand specimens with different bulk gravimetric water contents (0%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) are studied for evaluating the water phase-distribution spatially for compacted sand specimens in an aluminum cylinder. DOI: 10.1061/ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000583. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Penumadu, Dayakar] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, JIAM Chair Excellence, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Hussey, Daniel S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Penumadu, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, JIAM Chair Excellence, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM fkim@utk.edu; dpenumad@utk.edu; daniel.hussey@nist.gov
OI Kim, Felix/0000-0002-1042-9500
FU U.S. Dept. of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's
office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Dept. of Energy
[DE-AI01-01EE50660]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing
Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for
Neutron Research, and the Dept. of Energy interagency agreement No.
DE-AI01-01EE50660.
NR 33
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 16
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1090-0241
J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON
JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 138
IS 2
BP 147
EP 154
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000583
PG 8
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 908QU
UT WOS:000301506000004
ER
PT J
AU Grau, M
Leanhardt, AE
Loh, H
Sinclair, LC
Stutz, RP
Yahn, TS
Cornell, EA
AF Grau, M.
Leanhardt, A. E.
Loh, H.
Sinclair, L. C.
Stutz, R. P.
Yahn, T. S.
Cornell, E. A.
TI Near-infrared LIF spectroscopy of HfF
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hafnium fluoride; Laser spectroscopy; Induced fluorescence
AB The molecular ion HfF+ is the chosen species for a JILA experiment to measure the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM). Detailed knowledge of the spectrum of HIP is crucial to prepare HfF+ in a state suitable for performing an eEDM measurement [1]. We investigated the near-infrared electronic spectrum of HIP using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of a supersonic molecular beam. We discovered eight unreported bands, and assign each of them unambiguously, four to vibrational bands belonging to the transition [13.8]0.5 <- X1.5, and four to vibrational bands belonging to the transition [14.2]1.5 -> X1.5. Additionally, we report an improved measurement of vibrational spacing of the ground state, as well as anharmonicity omega(e)x(e). (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Grau, M.; Loh, H.; Sinclair, L. C.; Stutz, R. P.; Yahn, T. S.; Cornell, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Grau, M.; Loh, H.; Sinclair, L. C.; Stutz, R. P.; Yahn, T. S.; Cornell, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Leanhardt, A. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Cornell, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM graum@jila.colorado.edu; ecornell@jilau1.Colorado.EDU
OI Loh, Huanqian/0000-0002-7325-0815
FU NSF; W.M. Keck Foundation; Marsico Endowed Chair; A*STAR (Singapore)
FX We would like to thank J. Ye for the loan of a fast PMT gating circuit,
and acknowledge useful conversations with P. Bernath and R. Field. This
work was supported by the NSF, the W.M. Keck Foundation, and the Marsico
Endowed Chair. H. Loh acknowledges support from A*STAR (Singapore).
NR 16
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 15
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 272
IS 1
BP 32
EP 35
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.12.006
PG 4
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 910FC
UT WOS:000301621600006
ER
PT J
AU Nalewajko, K
AF Nalewajko, Krzysztof
TI Dissipation efficiency of reconfinement shocks in relativistic jets
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE shock waves; gamma-ray burst: general; galaxies: individual: M87;
galaxies: jets
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; M87 JET; RADIO-SOURCES;
EMISSION; MODEL; LONG; ACCELERATION; LOCATION; OUTBURST
AB We calculate the dissipation efficiency of relativistic reconfinement shocks. Building on previous work, we consider different distributions of the external pressure. The average dissipation efficiency epsilon(diss) is a function of the product of two parameters - the jet Lorentz factor Gamma(j) and the reconfinement angle Theta(r), which is related to the opening angle Theta(j) and the external pressure index eta. The spatial distribution of the dissipation rate strongly depends on eta. We discuss the significance of these results for the properties of relativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts and active galactic nuclei and propose that reconfinement shocks may explain a very high dissipation efficiency of the former and a moderate dissipation efficiency of the latter. Finally, we estimate the dissipation efficiency of the reconfinement shock associated with the quasi-stationary knot HST-1 in the jet of radio galaxy M87 and show that it is roughly consistent with the observational constraints.
C1 [Nalewajko, Krzysztof] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nalewajko, Krzysztof] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nalewajko, Krzysztof] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.
RP Nalewajko, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM knalew@jila.colorado.edu
FU Polish MNiSW [N N203 301635, N N203 386337]; Polish ASTRONET
[621/E-78/SN-0068/2007]; NSF [AST-0907872]; NASA [NNX09AG02G]
FX The author is grateful to Marek Sikora for his advise and support. Mitch
Begelman and Kris Beckwith read the manuscript and provided helpful
comments. This work has been partly supported by the Polish MNiSW grants
N N203 301635 and N N203 386337, the Polish ASTRONET grant
621/E-78/SN-0068/2007, the NSF grant AST-0907872 and the NASA
Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX09AG02G.
NR 38
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
EI 1365-2966
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 420
IS 1
BP L48
EP L52
DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01193.x
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 905PL
UT WOS:000301284600011
ER
PT J
AU Burger, JL
Baibourine, E
Bruno, TJ
AF Burger, Jessica L.
Baibourine, Evgenii
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Comparison of Diesel Fuel Oxygenate Additives to the
Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method. Part 4: Alcohols,
Aldehydes, Hydroxy Ethers, and Esters of Butanoic Acid
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; MIXTURES;
GASOLINE; ENTHALPY; BLENDS; METHYL; OIL
AB There is a great deal of interest in formulating oxygenated diesel fuels that produce low-particulate emissions. In this paper, the fourth in a series of papers on the properties of mixtures of diesel fuel with oxygenating additives, we present the volatility, as measured by the advanced distillation curve, of diesel fuels with potential fuel additives: butanal, pentanal, methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, and 2-butoxyethanol. As observed in earlier studies of oxygenate additive mixtures, the more volatile additives cause significant early departures from the distillation curves of diesel fuel, while the less volatile additives act more to displace the entire distillation curve. We also note that oxygenates with higher heat capacities caused greater variability among distillation curves. This is probably due to the onset of film boiling in the distillation flask. We present the results for the initial boiling behavior and the distillation curve temperatures and track the oxygenates throughout the distillations. These data will aid in determining the suitability of these types of compounds as oxygenates.
C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Baibourine, Evgenii; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) at
NIST; NIST
FX Jessica L. Burger gratefully acknowledges a National Academy of
Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) postdoctoral fellowship at
NIST. Evgenii Baibourine gratefully acknowledges a Professional Research
Experiences Program (PREP) undergraduate fellowship at NIST.
NR 40
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 2
BP 1114
EP 1123
DI 10.1021/ef2016655
PG 10
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 892GQ
UT WOS:000300275100037
ER
PT J
AU Patrone, PN
Caflisch, RE
Margetis, D
AF Patrone, P. N.
Caflisch, R. E.
Margetis, D.
TI Characterizing equilibrium in epitaxial growth
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID KINETIC-MODEL; KINK MODEL; STEP-EDGE; SURFACES; FLUCTUATIONS; STABILITY;
DYNAMICS; ISLANDS
AB Using a kinetic model of epitaxial growth, we describe how geometry controls kinetic pathways through which external deposition influences the state of a vicinal surface. The state of the surface is determined by three key, adjustable parameters: the local step angle theta, the Peclet number P, and the single-bond detachment rate. b. By scaling arguments in P, we find three steady-state regimes. In one regime, detailed flux balance approximately holds, so that the system is near equilibrium. In the other two regimes, geometric effects compete with deposition as the system is driven progressively out of equilibrium. Our analytical results are in excellent agreement with those of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2012
C1 [Patrone, P. N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Patrone, P. N.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Patrone, P. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Caflisch, R. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Caflisch, R. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Pure & Appl Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Margetis, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Margetis, D.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Margetis, D.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Sci Computat & Math Modeling, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM ppatrone@umd.edu
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology through the University of
Maryland [70NANB10H026]; NSF MRSEC [DMR 0520471]; NSF [EFRI 1025104, DMS
0847587]
FX The first author (PNP) acknowledges support under the National Institute
of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award No.
70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland; and by NSF MRSEC Grant
No. DMR 0520471 at the University of Maryland. The second author (REC)
was partially supported by NSF Grant No. EFRI 1025104. The third author
(DM) was supported by NSF Grant No. DMS 0847587. The authors wish to
thank T. L. EINSTEIN and R. SHARMA for helpful comments during the
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 97
IS 4
AR 48012
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/97/48012
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 899VH
UT WOS:000300844100047
ER
PT J
AU Gobler, CJ
Sunda, WG
AF Gobler, Christopher J.
Sunda, William G.
TI Ecosystem disruptive algal blooms of the brown tide species, Aureococcus
anophagefferens and Aureoumbra lagunensis
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Review
DE Aureococcus; Aureoumbra; Brown tide; Algal blooms; Nutrients; Grazing
ID QUAHOG MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; 18S
RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LONG-ISLAND; LAGUNA MADRE; COASTAL BAYS; NEW-YORK;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
AB Brown tides of the pelagophytes Aureococcus anophagefferens Hargraves et Sieburth and Aureoumbra lagunensis DeYoe et Stockwell have formed ecosystem disruptive algal blooms in shallow estuaries of the United States and South Africa for more than two decades. These algae achieve maximum growth rates at low light and nutrient levels and are able to utilize a wide variety of organic nutrient (N and P) substrates. They also experience low mortality losses via their ability to discourage grazing by zooplankton and filter feeding mollusks. Observations and conceptual and numerical models have indicated the importance of 'pre-blooms' of competing high nutrient-adapted phytoplankton that reduce available nutrients to low levels prior to the formation of many brown tide blooms, especially those of Aureococcus. These models suggest that brown tides are promoted by positive feedback mechanisms involving the ability of these algae to grow competitively at low nutrient and light levels, their low rates of grazing mortality, and the associated low grazing-mediated recycling of nutrients. The latter further reduces nutrient concentrations, which further favors competitive population growth of the brown tide species, thereby promoting blooms. Molecular and genomic studies of brown tides have identified the genes that encode many of the key proteins that facilitate bloom formation and persistence. Brown tides are among the most widely studied harmful algal blooms (HABs), which makes them ideal model systems for identifying the factors and complex mechanisms that promote HAB events. As such, several promising bloom mitigation strategies are now apparent. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA.
[Sunda, William G.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Gobler, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA.
EM cgobler@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; bill.sunda@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center [NA09NOS4780206];
New York Sea Grant
FX Writing this review was supported, in part, by award NA09NOS4780206 to
C.J.G. from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center
for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research's ECOHAB program and an award from
New York Sea Grant to C.J.G. We are grateful for useful comments on this
manuscript from Drs. Wayne Litaker, Jackie Collier, Sonya Dyhrman, and
Sandra Shumway, and from Ms. Elyse Walker.[SS]
NR 97
TC 37
Z9 43
U1 10
U2 76
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 14
SI SI
BP 36
EP 45
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.013
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 899LS
UT WOS:000300818000004
ER
PT J
AU Parsons, ML
Aligizaki, K
Bottein, MYD
Fraga, S
Morton, SL
Penna, A
Rhodes, L
AF Parsons, Michael L.
Aligizaki, Katerina
Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui
Fraga, Santiago
Morton, Steve L.
Penna, Antonella
Rhodes, Lesley
TI Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis: Reassessment of the state of knowledge of
their taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Review
DE Biotoxin; Coral reef; Dinoflagellate; Gambiertoxin; Harmful algal
blooms; Maitotoxin
ID SP-NOV DINOPHYCEAE; PALYTOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS;
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; JACK CARANX-LATUS;
GULF-OF-MEXICO; DINOFLAGELLATE GAMBIERDISCUS; TOXICUS DINOPHYCEAE;
BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATE; INDIAN-OCEAN
AB Of the known benthic, toxigenic microalgae, species from the genera, Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis, present the biggest threats to human and environmental health. Gambierdiscus spp. produce gambiertoxins which are precursors of ciguatoxins, the compounds that cause ciguatera, the most prevalent, phycotoxin-related form of seafood poisoning across the globe, affecting 25,000 to 500,000 people annually. Recent Ostreopsis spp. blooms in the Mediterranean Sea and coastal waters of New Zealand have led to concerns for seafood safety due to the palytoxin analogs produced by these dinoflagellates. Recent advances in molecular genetics have demonstrated that the taxonomy of both genera were in dire need of revision. Subsequently, Gambierdiscus was revised, and efforts to do the same are ongoing for Ostreopsis. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to update the state of knowledge of these genera, with particular emphasis on the validation or dismissal of earlier findings in light of these revisions. The review is divided into four sections (taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology) in an effort to cover all major aspects of study of these genera. A concluding section closes the review with a synthesis of the state of knowledge on these dinoflagellates and identifies gaps as suggested areas for future research efforts. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Parsons, Michael L.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Marine & Ecol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA.
[Aligizaki, Katerina] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Lab Unit Harmful Marine Microalgae, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
[Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui; Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Fraga, Santiago] IEO, Ctr Oceanog Vigo, Vigo 36390, Spain.
[Penna, Antonella] Univ Urbino, Biomol Sci Dept, I-61100 Pesaro, Italy.
[Rhodes, Lesley] Cawthron Inst, Nelson 7010, New Zealand.
RP Parsons, ML (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Marine & Ecol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA.
EM mparsons@fgcu.edu
RI Fraga, Santiago/C-8641-2012
OI Fraga, Santiago/0000-0003-3917-9960
FU Centers for Oceans and Human Health (COHN); National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences [P50ES012740]; National Institutes of
Health; National Science Foundation [OCE04-32479]; ISPRA; PRIN 2007
[FXSCL2]; Sixth Framework Programme; Unidad Asociada Fitoplancton toxic
IEO-CSIC; [GOCE-003875]
FX The authors wish to thank the editors of Harmful Algae (Sandy Shumway
and Ted Smayda) for the invitation to submit this manuscript for this
special issue of the journal, especially given the timeliness of the
subject matter with the recent and ongoing revisions of the two genera
presented here. We would also like to thank Rex Munday (AgResearch,
Hamilton, NZ), for important discussions pertaining to the potential
role of maitotoxin in ciguatera fish poisoning. Lacey Heine (Florida
Gulf Coast University) was gracious enough to read early drafts of this
manuscript and to offer valuable editorial insight in keeping to the
themes of the paper, thereby making this a stronger submission. Research
results presented in this paper were funded in part by grants to MLP
from the Centers for Oceans and Human Health (COHN) program, of the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P50ES012740),
National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation
(OCE04-32479). The work of AP was supported by ISPRA Project "Ostreopsis
ovata e Ostreopsis spp.: nuovi rischi di tossicita microalgale nei mari
italiani"; PRIN 2007 Grant prot. FXSCL2; EC Contract No. GOCE-003875,
funded by the Sixth Framework Programme.; Financing for SF was provided
by project EBITOX, a contribution of "Unidad Asociada Fitoplancton toxic
IEO-CSIC".[SS]
NR 299
TC 80
Z9 86
U1 4
U2 88
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 14
SI SI
BP 107
EP 129
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.017
PG 23
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 899LS
UT WOS:000300818000008
ER
PT J
AU Trainer, VL
Bates, SS
Lundholm, N
Thessen, AE
Cochlan, WP
Adams, NG
Trick, CG
AF Trainer, Vera L.
Bates, Stephen S.
Lundholm, Nina
Thessen, Anne E.
Cochlan, William P.
Adams, Nicolaus G.
Trick, Charles G.
TI Pseudo-nitzschia physiological ecology, phylogeny, toxicity, monitoring
and impacts on ecosystem health
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Review
DE Algal phylogeny; Algal taxonomy; Amnesic shellfish poisoning; Diatom
sexual reproduction; Domoic acid; Harmful algal bloom; Pseudo-nitzschia
ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; MARINE PLANKTONIC DIATOM; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS;
GULF-OF-MEXICO; SP-NOV BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; SCALLOPS PECTEN-MAXIMUS; CRAB
POLYBIUS-HENSLOWII; PUNGENS F MULTISERIES; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; SAMPLE
PROCESSOR ESP
AB Over the last decade, our understanding of the environmental controls on Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and domoic acid (DA) production has matured. Pseudo-nitzschia have been found along most of the world's coastlines, while the impacts of its toxin, DA, are most persistent and detrimental in upwelling systems. However, Pseudo-nitzschia and DA have recently been detected in the open ocean's high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll regions, in addition to fjords, gulfs and bays, showing their presence in diverse environments. The toxin has been measured in zooplankton, shellfish, crustaceans, echinoderms, worms, marine mammals and birds, as well as in sediments, demonstrating its stable transfer through the marine food web and abiotically to the benthos. The linkage of DA production to nitrogenous nutrient physiology, trace metal acquisition, and even salinity, suggests that the control of toxin production is complex and likely influenced by a suite of environmental factors that may be unique to a particular region. Advances in our knowledge of Pseudo-nitzschia sexual reproduction, also in field populations, illustrate its importance in bloom dynamics and toxicity. The combination of careful taxonomy and powerful new molecular methods now allow for the complete characterization of Pseudo-nitzschia populations and how they respond to environmental changes. Here we summarize research that represents our increased knowledge over the last decade of Pseudo-nitzschia and its production of DA, including changes in worldwide range, phylogeny, physiology, ecology, monitoring and public health impacts. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Trainer, Vera L.; Adams, Nicolaus G.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Bates, Stephen S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada.
[Lundholm, Nina] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
[Thessen, Anne E.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Lib & Informat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Cochlan, William P.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
[Trick, Charles G.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
[Trick, Charles G.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
RP Trainer, VL (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov
RI Thessen, Anne/J-6449-2012; Lundholm, Nina/A-4856-2013
OI Thessen, Anne/0000-0002-2908-3327; Lundholm, Nina/0000-0002-2035-1997
NR 356
TC 121
Z9 128
U1 31
U2 167
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 14
SI SI
BP 271
EP 300
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.025
PG 30
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 899LS
UT WOS:000300818000016
ER
PT J
AU Borowska, L
Zrnic, D
AF Borowska, L.
Zrnic, D.
TI Use of Ground Clutter to Monitor Polarimetric Radar Calibration
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; PART I; RAIN
AB It is suggested that urban ground clutter can have a role in monitoring calibration of reflectivity factor Z(H) and differential reflectivity Z(DR) on polarimetric radars. The median and average values of these variables are considered. Analysis of data from 1 month of cold season in Germany (X-band radar) and 3.5 hot days in Oklahoma (S-band radar) is presented. In the presence of up to moderate rain or snow a reflectivity threshold suffices for separating significant clutter from precipitation observed with an X-band radar. The same threshold was suitable on observations with an S-band radar in Oklahoma because heavy precipitation was not present. The tests suggest the scheme is worthy considering for operational monitoring of Z(H) as its median values at both locations were within the quantization interval of 0.5 dB. Environmental factors that can influence reflectivities from clutter are examined. The effects on Z(DR) can be significant. These are quantified in the data and possible uses for calibration and monitoring radar status are indicated.
C1 [Borowska, L.; Zrnic, D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Borowska, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM lesya.borowska@noaa.gov
FU National Research Council (NRC); NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research [N-0940760]
FX We thank the Meteorological Institute at the University of Bonn for the
X-band radar data. We thank Prof. Simmer for establishing and leading
the radar program. Richard L. Ice and Darcy Saxion from the Radar
Operation Center, Norman, Oklahoma, arranged data collection on the
polarimetric WSR-88D (KOUN). Dan Suppes and John Krause from CIMMS,
Norman, Oklahoma, provided these data to us. We appreciate the
suggestion of one reviewer to explore the clutter map and examine data
from the WSR-88D radar, and the suggestion by the other reviewer to plot
the number of clutter detections. Funding for Dr. Borowska was provided
by the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored by NOAA/Office of
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Grant N-0940760.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 2
BP 159
EP 176
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00036.1
PG 18
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 893WW
UT WOS:000300389400002
ER
PT J
AU Lumpkin, R
Maximenko, N
Pazos, M
AF Lumpkin, Rick
Maximenko, Nikolai
Pazos, Mayra
TI Evaluating Where and Why Drifters Die
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC
AB NOAA's Global Drifter Program (GDP) manages a global array of similar to 1250 active satellite-tracked surface drifting buoys ("drifters") in collaboration with numerous national and international partners. To better manage the drifter array and to assess the performance of various drifter manufacturers, it is important to discriminate between drifters that cease transmitting because of internal failure and those that cease because of external factors such as running aground or being picked up. An accurate assessment of where drifters run aground would also allow the observations to be used to more accurately simulate the evolution of floating marine debris and to quantify globally which shores are most prone to the deposit of marine debris. While the drifter Data Assembly Center of the GDP provides a metadata file that includes cause of death, the identified cause for most drifters is simply "quit transmitting." In this study it is shown that a significant fraction of these drifters likely ran aground or were picked up, and a statistical estimate that each drifter ran aground or was picked up is derived.
C1 [Lumpkin, Rick; Pazos, Mayra] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Maximenko, Nikolai] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov
RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Pazos, Mayra/H-3693-2014
OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Pazos, Mayra/0000-0002-8671-9723
FU NOAA's Office of Climate Observations; Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory; NASA [NNX08AR49G, NNX07AG53G]; JAMSTEC; NOAA
through International Pacific Research Center [NA17RJ1230]
FX Elizabeth Forteza provided numerous helpful comments on an initial draft
of this paper, and two anonymous reviewers provided additional guidance
for improvements. RL and MP were supported by NOAA's Office of Climate
Observations and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratory. NM was partly supported by NASA through Grant NNX08AR49G,
and also by JAMSTEC, by NASA through Grant NNX07AG53G, and by NOAA
through Grant NA17RJ1230 through their sponsorship of the International
Pacific Research Center. The NOAA Global Self-Consistent, Hierarchical,
High-Resolution Shoreline Database (GSHHS version 2.1) was obtained from
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/shorelines/gshhs.html. The ETOPO11 arc-min
Global Relief Model was obtained from
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html.
NR 7
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 2
BP 300
EP 308
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00100.1
PG 9
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 893WW
UT WOS:000300389400012
ER
PT J
AU Kinsinger, CR
Apffel, J
Baker, M
Bian, XP
Borchers, CH
Bradshaw, R
Brusniak, MY
Chan, DW
Deutsch, EW
Domon, B
Gorman, J
Grimm, R
Hancock, W
Hermjakob, H
Horn, D
Hunter, C
Kolar, P
Kraus, HJ
Langen, H
Linding, R
Moritz, RL
Omenn, GS
Orlando, R
Pandey, A
Ping, PP
Rahbar, A
Rivers, R
Seymour, SL
Simpson, RJ
Slotta, D
Smith, RD
Stein, SE
Tabb, DL
Tagle, D
Yates, JR
Rodriguez, H
AF Kinsinger, Christopher R.
Apffel, James
Baker, Mark
Bian, Xiaopeng
Borchers, Christoph H.
Bradshaw, Ralph
Brusniak, Mi-Youn
Chan, Daniel W.
Deutsch, Eric W.
Domon, Bruno
Gorman, Jeff
Grimm, Rudolf
Hancock, William
Hermjakob, Henning
Horn, David
Hunter, Christie
Kolar, Patrik
Kraus, Hans-Joachim
Langen, Hanno
Linding, Rune
Moritz, Robert L.
Omenn, Gilbert S.
Orlando, Ron
Pandey, Akhilesh
Ping, Peipei
Rahbar, Amir
Rivers, Robert
Seymour, Sean L.
Simpson, Richard J.
Slotta, Douglas
Smith, Richard D.
Stein, Stephen E.
Tabb, David L.
Tagle, Danilo
Yates, John R., III
Rodriguez, Henry
TI Recommendations for Mass Spectrometry Data Quality Metrics for Open
Access Data (Corollary to the Amsterdam Principles)
SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE selected reaction monitoring; bioinformatics; data quality; metrics;
open access; Amsterdam Principles; standards
ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION DATA; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION;
CLINICAL PROTEOMICS; MINIMUM INFORMATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; GUIDELINES;
RESOURCE; SPECTRA; REPRODUCIBILITY
AB Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened the "International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics" in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, funding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed up on two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: (1) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and (2) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in the Journal of Proteome Research, Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, Proteomics, and Proteomics Clinical Applications as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals.
C1 [Kinsinger, Christopher R.] NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Agilent Res Labs, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA.
Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
NCI, Ctr Bioinformat & Informat Technol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Univ Victoria, Genome BC Prote Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada.
Univ Calif San Francisco, Mass Spectrometry Facil, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.
Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
CRP Sante, Luxembourg Clin Prote Ctr, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
Queensland Inst Med Res, Prot Discovery Ctr, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia.
Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA.
Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
European Bioinformat Inst, Prote Serv, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England.
Thermo Fisher Sci, Prote Software Strateg Mkt, San Jose, CA 95134 USA.
AB SCIEX, Foster City, CA 94404 USA.
Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Res, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium.
Wiley VCH, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany.
Hoffmann La Roche AG, Exploratory Biomarkers, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
Tech Univ Denmark DTU, Cellular Signal Integrat Grp C SIG, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal CBS, Dept Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
Inst Syst Biol, Cellular & Mol Log Unit, Seattle, WA 98103 USA.
Univ Michigan, Ctr Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
NCI, Small Business Dev Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
La Trobe Univ, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.
NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NIST, Chem Reference Data Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Kinsinger, CR (reprint author), NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, 31 Ctr Dr,MSC 2580, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM kinsingc@mail.nih.gov
RI Pandey, Akhilesh/B-4127-2009; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012;
OI Pandey, Akhilesh/0000-0001-9943-6127; Smith,
Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Ping, Peipei/0000-0003-3583-3881; Omenn,
Gilbert S./0000-0002-8976-6074; Hermjakob, Henning/0000-0001-8479-0262;
Baker, Mark/0000-0001-5858-4035
FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999]; NHGRI NIH HHS [RC2 HG005805]; NIGMS
NIH HHS [P50 GM076547]
NR 51
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 40
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1535-3893
EI 1535-3907
J9 J PROTEOME RES
JI J. Proteome Res.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 11
IS 2
BP 1412
EP 1419
DI 10.1021/pr201071t
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 894WN
UT WOS:000300458300077
PM 22053864
ER
PT J
AU Nieukirk, SL
Mellinger, DK
Moore, SE
Klinck, K
Dziak, RP
Goslin, J
AF Nieukirk, Sharon L.
Mellinger, David K.
Moore, Sue E.
Klinck, Karolin
Dziak, Robert P.
Goslin, Jean
TI Sounds from airguns and fin whales recorded in the mid-Atlantic Ocean,
1999-2009
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE;
ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT; HUMPBACK WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS; BALEEN WHALES;
NOISE; GULF; CALIFORNIA
AB Between 1999 and 2009, autonomous hydrophones were deployed to monitor seismic activity from 16 degrees N to 50 degrees N along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These data were examined for airgun sounds produced during offshore surveys for oil and gas deposits, as well as the 20 Hz pulse sounds from fin whales, which may be masked by airgun noise. An automatic detection algorithm was used to identify airgun sound patterns, and fin whale calling levels were summarized via long-term spectral analysis. Both airgun and fin whale sounds were recorded at all sites. Fin whale calling rates were higher at sites north of 32 degrees N, increased during the late summer and fall months at all sites, and peaked during the winter months, a time when airgun noise was often prevalent. Seismic survey vessels were acoustically located off the coasts of three major areas: Newfoundland, northeast Brazil, and Senegal and Mauritania in West Africa. In some cases, airgun sounds were recorded almost 4000 km from the survey vessel in areas that are likely occupied by fin whales, and at some locations airgun sounds were recorded more than 80% days/month for more than 12 consecutive months. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3672648]
C1 [Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Mellinger, David K.; Klinck, Karolin; Dziak, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Mellinger, David K.; Klinck, Karolin; Dziak, Robert P.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Goslin, Jean] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, UMR 6538, Domaines Ocean, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
RP Nieukirk, SL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM sharon.nieukirk@noaa.gov
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-9811575, OCE-0137164, OCE-0201692];
Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (a department of the Centre
National de la recherche Scientifique, France); Office of Naval Research
[N00014-00-F-0395, N00014-03-1-0099, N00244-10-1-0047,
N00244-11-1-0026]; NOAA NMFS [AB133F08SE4903]; NOAA PMEL
FX Funding for the deployment, maintenance, and data analysis for the
hydrophone array along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was provided by National
Science Foundation Grants to R. P. D. No. OCE-9811575, No. OCE-0137164,
and No. OCE-0201692, and by the Institut National des Sciences de
l'Univers (a department of the Centre National de la recherche
Scientifique, France). Analysis and writing were supported by Office of
Naval Research Grants No. N00014-00-F-0395 and No. N00014-03-1-0099,
Naval Postgraduate School Grants No. N00244-10-1-0047 and No.
N00244-11-1-0026, and NOAA NMFS Contract No. AB133F08SE4903 to D. K. M.
Development of the hydrophone instruments was supported by in-kind
funding from NOAA PMEL. We are indebted to Haru Matsumoto for design and
construction of the instruments used in this experiment; Andy Lau for
the development of some of the software used for data analysis; Matt
Fowler and Joe Haxel for instrument deployment and recovery, and Sarah
Follett, Rita Bento, and Andra Bobbitt for their help with various
stages of the analysis. Lastly, SLN would like to thank Chris Fox for
encouraging me to investigate airgun noise in our acoustic datasets.
This is PMEL contribution #3515.
NR 60
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 6
U2 38
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 131
IS 2
BP 1102
EP 1112
DI 10.1121/1.3672648
PN 1
PG 11
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 895ID
UT WOS:000300488800030
PM 22352485
ER
PT J
AU Wear, KA
Nagaraja, S
Dreher, ML
Gibson, SL
AF Wear, Keith A.
Nagaraja, Srinidhi
Dreher, Maureen L.
Gibson, Sheng L.
TI Relationships of quantitative ultrasound parameters with cancellous bone
microstructure in human calcaneus in vitro
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN TRABECULAR BONE; ACOUSTIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; BIOT-ATTENBOROUGH
MODEL; WEAK SCATTERING MODEL; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; BACKSCATTER
MEASUREMENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-VELOCITY; MIMICKING PHANTOMS;
MINERAL DENSITY
AB Ultrasound parameters (attenuation, phase velocity, and backscatter), bone mineral density (BMD), and microarchitectural features were measured on 29 human cancellous calcaneus samples in vitro. Regression analysis was performed to predict ultrasound parameters from BMD and microarchitectural features. The best univariate predictors of the ultrasound parameters were the indexes of bone quantity: BMD and bone volume fraction (BV/TV). The most predictive univariate models for attenuation, phase velocity, and backscatter coefficient yielded adjusted squared correlation coefficients of 0.69-0.73. Multiple regression models yielded adjusted correlation coefficients of 0.74-0.83. Therefore attenuation, phase velocity, and backscatter are primarily determined by bone quantity, but multiple regression models based on bone quantity plus microarchitectural features achieve slightly better predictive performance than models based on bone quantity alone. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3672701]
C1 [Wear, Keith A.; Nagaraja, Srinidhi; Dreher, Maureen L.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
[Gibson, Sheng L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wear, KA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, 10903 New Hampshire Blvd, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
EM keith.wear@fda.hhs.gov
FU FDA Office of Women's Health
FX The authors are grateful to (1) the FDA Office of Women's Health for
funding, (2) Dr. James Reynolds and Angela Stuber, NIH Clinical Center,
who helped with DXA measurements, and (3) Dr. Andres Laib, Scanco
Medical AG, Bruttisellen, Switzerland for producing a microCT image. The
mention of commercial products, their sources, or their use in
connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as
either an actual or implied endorsement of such products by the
Department of Health and Human Services. Certain equipment, instruments
or materials are identified in this paper to adequately specify the
experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation
by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply
the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 87
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
EI 1520-8524
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 131
IS 2
BP 1605
EP 1612
DI 10.1121/1.3672701
PN 1
PG 8
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 895ID
UT WOS:000300488800075
PM 22352530
ER
PT J
AU Woillez, M
Ressler, PH
Wilson, CD
Horne, JK
AF Woillez, M.
Ressler, P. H.
Wilson, C. D.
Horne, J. K.
TI Multifrequency species classification of acoustic-trawl survey data
using semi-supervised learning with class discovery
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXTURE MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; EM; LIKELIHOOD; ALGORITHM; FISH
AB Acoustic surveys often use multifrequency backscatter to estimate fish and plankton abundance. Direct samples are used to validate species classification of acoustic backscatter, but samples may be sparse or unavailable. A generalized Gaussian mixture model was developed to classify multifrequency acoustic backscatter when not all species classes are known. The classification, based on semi-supervised learning with class discovery, was applied to data collected in the eastern Bering Sea during summers 2004, 2007, and 2008. Walleye pollock, euphausiids, and two other major classes occurring in the upper water column were identified.
C1 [Woillez, M.; Ressler, P. H.; Wilson, C. D.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Woillez, M.; Horne, J. K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Woillez, M (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM mathieu.woillez@gmail.com; patrick.ressler@noaa.gov;
chris.wilson@noaa.gov; jhorne@u.washington.edu
FU Alaska Fishery Science Center; NMFS; NOAA; Bering Sea Integrated
Ecosystem Research Program [34]; North Pacific Research Board [327]
FX Support was provided by Alaska Fishery Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, and
the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (publication #34),
North Pacific Research Board (publication #327). We thank Alex De
Robertis for supplying labeled data and reviewing the manuscript, Jim
Ianelli and two anonymous referees for manuscript review, and Ainhoa
Lezama-Ochoa for helpful discussions. Findings and conclusions are those
of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of NMFS, NOAA.
Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement.
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 131
IS 2
BP EL184
EP EL190
DI 10.1121/1.3678685
PN 1
PG 7
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 895ID
UT WOS:000300488800016
PM 22352620
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, JJ
Allen, AJ
Jennings, HM
AF Thomas, Jeffrey J.
Allen, Andrew J.
Jennings, Hamlin M.
TI Density and water content of nanoscale solid C-S-H formed in
alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste and implications for chemical
shrinkage
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H); Alkali Activated Cement; Granulated
Blast- Furnace Slag
ID CALCIUM-SILICATE-HYDRATE; PORTLAND-CEMENT PASTES; BLAST-FURNACE SLAG;
TRICALCIUM SILICATE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE; DRYING
SHRINKAGE; SURFACE-AREA; GEL PHASE; MORTARS
AB Alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste was analyzed using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The scattering response indicates that the microstructure consists of a uniform matrix of hydration product with a high surface area studded with unhydrated cores of slag particles. In contrast with portland cement paste, no surface fractal scattering regime was detected, and elevated temperature curing (at 60 degrees C) had no detectable effect on the microstructure at any length scale studied. The specific surface area of the AAS pastes is about 25% higher than that of a portland cement paste cured under the same conditions. The composition and mass density of the nanoscale solid C-S-H phase formed in the MS paste was determined using a previously developed neutron scattering method, in conjunction with a hydration model. The result ((CaO)(0.99)-SiO2-(Al2O3)(0.06)-(H2O)(0.97), d = (2.73 +/- 0.02) g/cm(3)) is significantly lower in calcium and in water as compared to portland cement or pure tricalcium silicate paste. These values were used to calculate the chemical shrinkage that would result from complete hydration of the MS paste. The result, (12.2 +/- 1.5) cm(3) of volumetric shrinkage per 100 g of unhydrated cement, is about twice the amount of chemical shrinkage exhibited by normal cement pastes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Thomas, Jeffrey J.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Allen, Andrew J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jennings, Hamlin M.] MIT, CSHub, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM jthomas39@slb.com
RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009;
OI Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX This work utilized neutron scattering facilities supported in part by
the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672.
NR 38
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 47
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0008-8846
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 42
IS 2
BP 377
EP 383
DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.11.003
PG 7
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 899JK
UT WOS:000300812000016
ER
PT J
AU Bentz, DP
Ferraris, CF
Galler, MA
Hansen, AS
Guynn, JM
AF Bentz, Dale P.
Ferraris, Chiara F.
Galler, Michael A.
Hansen, Andrew S.
Guynn, John M.
TI Influence of particle size distributions on yield stress and viscosity
of cement-fly ash pastes
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Cement; Fly ash; Particle size distribution; Rheology; Surface area
ID RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SUSPENSIONS; CHOCOLATE; PROPERTY; MODELS
AB The rheological properties of blended cement-based materials depend strongly on mixture proportions and the characteristics of the components. In this study, design of experiments is used to investigate the influence of three variables (cement particle size distribution (PSD), fly ash PSD, and ratio of fly ash to cement) at each of four levels on the yield stress and viscosity of blended pastes. Both rheological parameters are seen to vary over several orders of magnitude for the evaluated design space. Physical characteristics of the powders, such as cement and total particle densities and total particle surface area, are computed for each mixture. A percolation-type relationship is observed between yield stress and cement particle (number) density. While neither apparent nor plastic viscosities were particularly well described by the commonly employed Kreiger-Dougherty equation, plastic viscosities were found to be linear functions of either total (cement + fly ash) particle surface area or total particle density. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Ferraris, Chiara F.; Galler, Michael A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; clarissa.ferraris@nist.gov;
michael.galler@nist.gov; andrew@RomanCement.com
NR 28
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 6
U2 40
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0008-8846
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 42
IS 2
BP 404
EP 409
DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.11.006
PG 6
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 899JK
UT WOS:000300812000019
ER
PT J
AU Hoskins, BL
Milke, JA
AF Hoskins, Bryan L.
Milke, James A.
TI Differences in measurement methods for travel distance and area for
estimates of occupant speed on stairs
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Evacuation; Egress; Fire safety; Stairs; Speed; Density
ID BUILDINGS; MOVEMENT
AB Many previous studies have reported that the density in the stairs affects the achievable speed of the population using them. To measure the speed, one value that needs to be known is the distance. Similarly, to measure the density, one value that needs to be known is the area used by the population. Previous studies have used different methods to calculate these values and this paper reviews some of these different methods. Comparisons are made between these methods to show the difference in results that can result simply using data and equations developed using different assumptions. Then theoretical equations are developed for the travel distance and area based on how people have previously been observed traveling along arcs while crossing landings on stairs. Finally, the effects of misusing the different methods for calculating travel distance and area are compared using data from an actual building evacuation drill. It is shown that misusing methods can lead to significantly different results for the same data. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Hoskins, Bryan L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Milke, James A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Hoskins, BL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bhoskins@umd.edu
NR 21
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 48
BP 49
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.12.009
PG 9
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 901LD
UT WOS:000300967500006
ER
PT J
AU Helser, TE
Alade, L
AF Helser, Thomas E.
Alade, Larry
TI A retrospective of the hake stocks off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts
of the United States: Uncertainties and challenges facing assessment and
management in a complex environment
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Merluccius productus; Merluccius bilinearis; US Fisheries
ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; MERLUCCIUS-BILINEARIS STOCKS;
DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; SILVER HAKE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; EASTERN
BOUNDARY; TARGET-STRENGTH; NORTH PACIFIC; REGIME SHIFT; WEST-COAST
AB Hake stocks off the northeast and northwest coasts of the United States and Canada have been commercially exploited since the early 1950s and have been major contributors to the historic world-wide hake catches. During the last two decades annual U.S. hake catches have averaged approximately 300,000 tonnes with the dominant share coming from the coastal Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) stock. Pacific hake occurs over the continental shelf with a number of localized sub populations found in coastal inland waters of Washington State and the Province of British Columbia. In the northwest Atlantic two sympatric species occur, the commercially sought coastal silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) and the offshore hake (Merluccius albidus), which is generally distributed in deeper waters. As with many of the 12 world-wide species of hakes in the genus Merluccius, the U.S. hake species share common attributes in their biology, ecology and population dynamics which may be dictated by the production cycles and circulation patterns characteristic of northerly ecosystems. For instance, both species exhibit a migration pattern centered on spawning in one region followed by feeding in another, both are fast swimming ambush predators that take advantage of high euphausid production as young but transition to a piscivorous diet with age, and both are known to exhibit highly variable, density-dependent related life history characteristics as population regulatory mechanisms. However, these species can be contrasted in many different ways related to specific adaptations within the unique ecosystems in which they live, the diverse and changing fisheries targeting them, and the complexity of stock assessment tools and management structures that have emerged in an attempt to provide a sound scientific basis for setting catch limits. This paper takes a retrospective and contemporary look at these two species, comparing and contrasting our current state of knowledge, highlighting uncertainties and identifying the complex challenges facing assessment and management. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Helser, Thomas E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Alade, Larry] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Helser, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Thomas.helser@noaa.gov
NR 68
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 114
SI SI
BP 2
EP 18
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.10.001
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 900UQ
UT WOS:000300917200002
ER
PT J
AU Link, JS
Lucey, SM
Melgey, JH
AF Link, Jason S.
Lucey, Sean M.
Melgey, Jessica H.
TI Examining cannibalism in relation to recruitment of silver hake
Merluccius bilinearis in the U.S. northwest Atlantic
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Cannibalism; Recruitment; Spawning stock biomass; Population dynamics
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
UNITED-STATES; BERING-SEA; BALTIC COD; POPULATIONS; FISH; SIZE;
PREDATION
AB Cannibalism can be an important feature for several fish species. From an ecological perspective, studying cannibalism in the northwest Atlantic fish community usually results in examining silver hake Merluccius bilinearis population dynamics. From a population dynamics (and hence fisheries assessment) perspective, silver hake pose some unique challenges and have defied easy, standardized approaches for evaluation of stock dynamics. Thus, here we propose to examine one facet of silver hake dynamics in light of their known cannibalistic propensity. We show for the two U.S. northwest Atlantic stocks that the percent diet composition of silver hake in silver hake is quite high and has been quite consistent over time. We also explore the size composition of cannibalized individuals as well, noting that the 0-10 cm grouping is largely cannibalized by the 20-40 cm group, which is itself cannibalized by 40-60 cm group. From this, we fit stock-recruitment models (both Ricker and Beverton-Holt) that were typical and excluded cannibalism, that included cannibalism as an additional factor, and that changed the definition of the spawning stock biomass (SSB) from 20+ to those fish that are >40 cm. This latter shift resulted from the observed offset of recruitment production versus copious cannibalism as seen in the middle size group. Our results show that either the inclusion of cannibalism directly, or accounting for cannibalism indirectly by using a larger cutoff for the definition of SSB, are better model fits for both stocks than ignoring cannibalism for this species. We discuss the broader implications of including cannibalism for this species, for other cannibalistic species, for changes in how we consider recruitment-particularly those species managed with recruitment-based reference points-and for how these might alter perceptions of stock dynamics. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Link, Jason S.; Lucey, Sean M.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Melgey, Jessica H.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA.
RP Link, JS (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jason.link@noaa.gov
NR 62
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 114
SI SI
BP 31
EP 41
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.04.022
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 900UQ
UT WOS:000300917200004
ER
PT J
AU Traver, ML
Alade, L
Sosebee, KA
AF Traver, Michele L.
Alade, Larry
Sosebee, Katherine A.
TI Population biology of a data poor species, offshore hake (Merluccius
albidus) in the northwest Atlantic, United States
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Offshore hake; Merluccius albidus; Growth; Population biology; Hake
AB Offshore hake (Merluccius albidus) is a data-poor stock and very little is known about its biology and life history. This paper provides a general synopsis of the data acquired during the National Marine Fisheries Service bottom trawl surveys between 1963 and 2008 for offshore hake in the northeast United States and is limited to those fish found in the northwestern Atlantic. Offshore hake are commonly distributed from southern Georges Bank through the Mid-Atlantic Bight, at depths of 160-550m and temperatures ranging between 11 and 13 degrees C. They are known to co-occur with silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) on the outer continental slopes of the Atlantic Ocean and are easily confused with silver hake because of their strong morphological resemblance. Spawning generally occurs between April and July. Maximum observed size was approximately 43 cm for males and 56 cm for females, and fish greater than 40 cm consist mainly of females, suggesting that they are sexually dimorphic. Length at 50% maturity (L-50) also differed significantly between sexes with females maturing at larger sizes (28 cm) relative to males (23 cm). This basic life history information is critical to conserving the offshore hake population and managing sustainable fisheries. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Traver, Michele L.; Alade, Larry; Sosebee, Katherine A.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Traver, ML (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM michele.traver@noaa.gov; larry.alade@noaa.gov;
katherine.sosebee@noaa.gov
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 114
SI SI
BP 42
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.08.004
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 900UQ
UT WOS:000300917200005
ER
PT J
AU Min, JE
Ryu, JH
Lee, S
Son, S
AF Min, Jee-Eun
Ryu, Joo-Hyung
Lee, Seok
Son, SeungHyun
TI Monitoring of suspended sediment variation using Landsat and MODIS in
the Saemangeum coastal area of Korea
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Suspended sediment concentration (SS); Landsat; MODIS; Saemangeum dyke;
Anthropogenic forcing
ID 250 M IMAGERY; SATELLITE DATA; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; FRENCH-GUIANA;
WATER-QUALITY; RIVER MOUTH; TURBIDITY; SEA; BAY; DYNAMICS
AB Suspended sediment concentration (SS) is an important indicator of marine environmental changes due to natural causes such as tides, tidal currents, and river discharges, as well as human activities such as construction in coastal regions. In the Saemangeum area on the west coast of Korea, construction of a huge tidal dyke for land reclamation has strongly influenced the coastal environment. This study used remotely sensed data to analyze the SS changes in coastal waters caused by the dyke construction. Landsat and MODIS satellite images were used for the spatial analysis of finer patterns and for the detailed temporal analysis, respectively. Forty Landsat scenes and 105 monthly composite MODIS images observed during 1985-2010 were employed, and four field campaigns (from 2005 to 2006) were performed to verify the image-derived SS. The results of the satellite data analyses showed that the seawater was clear before the dyke construction, with SS values lower than 20 g/m(3). These values increased continuously as the dyke construction progressed. The maximum SS values appeared just before completion of the fourth dyke. Values decreased to below 5 g/m(3) after dyke construction. These changes indicated tidal current modification. Some eddies and plumes were observed in the images generated from Landsat data. Landsat and MODIS can reveal that coastal water turbidity was greatly reduced after completion of the construction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Min, Jee-Eun; Ryu, Joo-Hyung] Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Ansan 426744, Kyunggido, South Korea.
[Min, Jee-Eun] Inha Univ, Dept Geoinformat Engn, Inchon 402751, South Korea.
[Lee, Seok] Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Environm & Pollut Prevent Res Dept, Ansan 426744, Kyunggido, South Korea.
[Son, SeungHyun] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Ryu, JH (reprint author), Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Haeanro 787, Ansan 426744, Kyunggido, South Korea.
EM jhryu@kordi.re.kr
FU Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Korea; Korea Research
Council of Fundamental Science & Technology, Korea
FX This research was a part of the project titled "Support for research and
applications of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)" funded by the
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Korea and "Development
of the public applications research of satellite data" funded by the
Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science & Technology, Korea.
NR 41
TC 29
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 64
IS 2
BP 382
EP 390
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.025
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 900CS
UT WOS:000300864800037
PM 22136763
ER
PT J
AU Heskett, M
Takada, H
Yamashita, R
Yuyama, M
Ito, M
Geok, YB
Ogata, Y
Kwan, C
Heckhausen, A
Taylor, H
Powell, T
Morishige, C
Young, D
Patterson, H
Robertson, B
Bailey, E
Mermoz, J
AF Heskett, Marvin
Takada, Hideshige
Yamashita, Rei
Yuyama, Masaki
Ito, Maki
Geok, Yeo Bee
Ogata, Yuko
Kwan, Charita
Heckhausen, Angelika
Taylor, Heidi
Powell, Taj
Morishige, Carey
Young, Doug
Patterson, Hugh
Robertson, Bryson
Bailey, Elizabeth
Mermoz, Jorge
TI Measurement of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in plastic resin
pellets from remote islands: Toward establishment of background
concentrations for International Pellet Watch
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine plastics; PCBs; DDTs; HCHs; Monitoring; Marine debris
ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; DEBRIS; BEACHES;
OCEAN
AB Plastic resin pellets collected from remote islands in the Pacific. Atlantic, and Indian Oceans and the Caribbean Sea were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane and its degradation products (DDTs), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Concentrations of PCBs (sum of 13 congeners) in the pellets were 0.1-9.9 ng/g-pellet. These were 1-3 orders of magnitude smaller than those observed in pellets from industrialized coastal shores. Concentrations of DDTs in the pellets were 0.8-4.1 ng/g-pellet. HCH concentrations were 0.6-1.7 ng/g-pellet, except for 19.3 ng/g-pellet on St. Helena, where current use of lindane is likely influence. This study provides background levels of POPs (PCBs < 10 ng/g-pellet, DDTs < 4 ng/g-pellet, HCHs < 2 ng/g-pellet) for International Pellet Watch. Sporadic large concentrations of POPs were found in some pellet samples from remote islands and should be considered in future assessments of pollutants on plastic debris. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Takada, Hideshige; Yamashita, Rei; Yuyama, Masaki; Ito, Maki; Geok, Yeo Bee; Ogata, Yuko] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Lab Organ Geochem, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan.
[Heskett, Marvin] Surfrider Fdn, Oahu, HI USA.
[Kwan, Charita] Univ Philippines, Nat Sci Res Inst, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
[Taylor, Heidi; Powell, Taj] Tangaroa Blue Ocean Care Soc, Port Douglas, Qld, Australia.
[Morishige, Carey] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA Marine Debris Program, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA.
[Robertson, Bryson] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[Mermoz, Jorge] Proyecto Estuario Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
RP Takada, H (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Lab Organ Geochem, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan.
EM shige@cc.tuat.ac.jp
RI Takada, Hideshige/G-1096-2013
FU Mitsui Co. Ltd. [71-057]; Ministry of Education and Culture of Japan
[23310046]
FX We are most grateful to Ms. Courtney Arthur for valuable scientific
comments on the manuscript. We express special thanks to Mitsui & Co.
Ltd., Environment Fund for their financial support (Project 71-057). The
present research was financially supported by Grant-in-Aid from the
Ministry of Education and Culture of Japan (Project No. 23310046). We
are grateful to OPT Research Inc. for their kind updating of Plascan.
NR 17
TC 29
Z9 33
U1 6
U2 68
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 64
IS 2
BP 445
EP 448
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.11.004
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 900CS
UT WOS:000300864800046
PM 22137935
ER
PT J
AU Rose, JM
Ferreira, JG
Stephenson, K
Bricker, SB
Tedesco, M
Wikfors, GH
AF Rose, Julie M.
Ferreira, Joao G.
Stephenson, Kurt
Bricker, Suzanne B.
Tedesco, Mark
Wikfors, Gary H.
TI Comment on Stadmark and Conley (2011) "Mussel farming as a nutrient
reduction measure in the Baltic Sea: Consideration of nutrient
biogeochemical cycles"
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Letter
ID CULTURE; OYSTER; EUTROPHICATION; BIODEPOSITS; ENVIRONMENT; NITROGEN;
IMPACTS; BAY; USA
C1 [Rose, Julie M.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA Fisheries Milford Lab, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT USA.
[Ferreira, Joao G.] Univ Nova Lisboa, FCT, DCEA, Ctr Ocean & Environm, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal.
[Stephenson, Kurt] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Bricker, Suzanne B.] Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Tedesco, Mark] EPA Long Isl Sound Off, Stamford, CT USA.
RP Rose, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Milford Lab, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT USA.
OI Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 22
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 64
IS 2
BP 449
EP 451
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.11.024
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 900CS
UT WOS:000300864800047
PM 22197279
ER
PT J
AU Camarota, B
Scherer, H
Keller, MW
Lotkhov, SV
Willenberg, GD
Ahlers, FJ
AF Camarota, Benedetta
Scherer, Hansjoerg
Keller, Mark W.
Lotkhov, Sergey V.
Willenberg, Gerd-Dietmar
Ahlers, Franz Josef
TI Electron Counting Capacitance Standard with an improved five-junction
R-pump
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID JOSEPHSON; OPERATION; ACCURACY; TRIANGLE
AB The Electron Counting Capacitance Standard currently pursued at PTB aims to close the Quantum Metrological Triangle with a final precision of a few parts in 107. This paper reports the considerable progress recently achieved with a new generation of single-electron tunnelling devices. A five-junction R-pump was operated with a relative charge transfer error of five electrons in 107, and was used to successfully perform single-electron charging of a cryogenic capacitor. The preliminary result for the single-electron charge quantum has an uncertainty of less than two parts in 106 and is consistent with the value of the elementary charge.
C1 [Camarota, Benedetta; Scherer, Hansjoerg; Lotkhov, Sergey V.; Willenberg, Gerd-Dietmar; Ahlers, Franz Josef] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Keller, Mark W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Camarota, B (reprint author), PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
FU European Community [217257]
FX The Electron Counting Capacitance Standard (ECCS) experiment has been
pursued at PTB within the EURAMET joint research project 'REUNIAM'
(March 2008-May 2011). The research conducted within this project has
received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework
Programme, ERA-NET Plus, under Grant Agreement No 217257.
NR 25
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 1
BP 8
EP 14
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/1/002
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 891OY
UT WOS:000300227700005
ER
PT J
AU Wang, CM
Iyer, HK
AF Wang, C. M.
Iyer, Hari K.
TI On non-linear estimation of a measurand
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
AB We consider an estimation problem described in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The problem is concerned with estimating a measurand that is a non-linear function of input quantities. The GUM describes two methods for estimating the measurand-method 1 is based on the same non-linear function of input-quantity estimates and method 2 is based on the mean of that function of individual measurements. We use several examples to compare the two methods based on their mean-squared errors and to demonstrate that a uniformly preferred method may not be available except for the simplest cases. We also consider an approach based on the Monte Carlo method in Supplement 1 of the GUM for the problem and compare it with the two methods.
C1 [Wang, C. M.; Iyer, Hari K.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Iyer, Hari K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Wang, CM (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 1
BP 20
EP 26
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/1/004
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 891OY
UT WOS:000300227700007
ER
PT J
AU Kim, MS
Pratt, JR
Brand, U
Jones, CW
AF Kim, Min-Seok
Pratt, Jon R.
Brand, Uwe
Jones, Christopher W.
TI Report on the first international comparison of small force facilities:
a pilot study at the micronewton level
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID SPRING-CONSTANT; CANTILEVER CALIBRATION; MICROSCOPE CANTILEVERS; SI;
METROLOGY; STANDARD; DEVICE
AB Measurements of forces less than a micronewton are critical when examining the mechanical behaviour of materials and devices at characteristic length scales below a micrometre. As a result, specification standards for nanomechanical tests and test equipment are being proposed by international standards organizations, and an infrastructure for traceable small force calibration is developing. In this context, results are reported from the first interlaboratory comparison of micronewton-level force metrology. The basis of the comparison was the calibration of a set of five piezoresistive cantilever force sensors similar to those used for atomic force microscopes but employed here as transfer artefacts. The artefacts were circulated among four national metrology institutes with each using their own force balance to calibrate the stiffness (force change per unit displacement) and sensitivity (signal output change per unit force) of the artefacts. By considering the weighted mean of the stiffness and sensitivity values reported for a given artefact, reference values were obtained. The largest contributing uncertainty components were due to the transfer artefacts themselves, rather than from the measurements of the physical quantities of force, voltage and displacement. The results imply that it should be possible to determine cantilever stiffness using force balance techniques with an accuracy of better than 1% if necessary, but that improvements in the ability to orient the transfer artefacts, to characterize the non-linearity of their output, and to compensate for the stiffness of the associated fixtures and load frames are required if the resolution of future comparisons is to improve.
C1 [Kim, Min-Seok] KRISS, Taejon, South Korea.
[Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Brand, Uwe] PTB, Braunschweig, Germany.
[Jones, Christopher W.] NPL, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
RP Kim, MS (reprint author), KRISS, Taejon, South Korea.
EM jon.pratt@nist.gov
FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-611-D00010]; Mass and Force Group;
NPL
FX M-S Kim is grateful to the Korea Research Foundation Grant Program
funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2007-611-D00010) and to
the NIST Mass and Force group for support during his stay at NIST. J R
Pratt acknowledges the support of his colleagues in the Mass and Force
Group and the technical contributions of John Kramar, who assisted with
data analysis. NPL's participation was funded by the UK NMO Engineering
Measurement Programme. C W Jones acknowledges the support of NPL
colleague Richard Leach.
NR 32
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 1
BP 70
EP 81
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/1/011
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 891OY
UT WOS:000300227700014
ER
PT J
AU Mahoney, K
Alexander, MA
Thompson, G
Barsugli, JJ
Scott, JD
AF Mahoney, Kelly
Alexander, Michael A.
Thompson, Gregory
Barsugli, Joseph J.
Scott, James D.
TI Changes in hail and flood risk in high-resolution simulations over
Colorado's mountains
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; IMPACT
AB The effect of a warming climate on hailstorm frequency and intensity is largely unknown. Global climate models have too coarse resolution to simulate hailstorms explicitly; thus it is unclear if a warmer climate will change hailstorm frequency and intensity, and if so, whether such events will become more likely through intensified thunderstorms or less likely owing to overall warmer conditions. Here we investigate hail generation and maintenance for warm-season extreme precipitation events in Colorado, USA, for both present-day and projected future climates using high-resolution model simulations capable of resolving hailstorms. Most simulations indicate a near-elimination of hail at the surface in future simulations for this region, despite more intense future storms and significantly larger amounts of hail generated in-cloud. An increase in the height of the environmental melting level due to climate warming is found to be the primary reason for the disappearance of surface hail, as the warmer atmosphere increases the melting of frozen precipitation. A decrease in future surface hail at high-elevation locations may imply potential changes in both hail damage and flood risk.
C1 [Mahoney, Kelly] NOAA, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise Fellowship Pr, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Mahoney, Kelly] US Bur Reclamat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Thompson, Gregory] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Barsugli, Joseph J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci Western Water Asse, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Scott, James D.] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Mahoney, K (reprint author), NOAA, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise Fellowship Pr, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Kelly.mahoney@noaa.gov
RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015
OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Barsugli,
Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396
FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) Fellowship Program; National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Bureau of Reclamation;
Western Water Assessment; NSF; US Department of Energy (DoE); US
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (EPA)
FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise
(PACE) Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation
for Atmospheric Research, jointly funded by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Bureau of Reclamation, and the
Western Water Assessment. We acknowledge NCAR and the National Science
Foundation (NSF) for the availability of the WRF model and NCL software,
and Unidata for the IDV package. We also wish to thank the NARCCAP
project for providing the RCM data used in this paper. NARCCAP is funded
by the NSF, the US Department of Energy (DoE), NOAA, and the US
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development
(EPA). Gratitude is extended to NOAA ESRL's Jet Supercomputing system
for providing computer resources for this work.
NR 31
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 18
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 2
IS 2
BP 125
EP 131
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1344
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 895TU
UT WOS:000300520100026
ER
PT J
AU Montgomery, MT
Davis, C
Dunkerton, T
Wang, Z
Velden, C
Torn, R
Majumdar, SJ
Zhang, FQ
Smith, RK
Bosart, L
Bell, MM
Haase, JS
Heymsfield, A
Jensen, J
Campos, T
Boothe, MA
AF Montgomery, Michael T.
Davis, Christopher
Dunkerton, Timothy
Wang, Zhuo
Velden, Christopher
Torn, Ryan
Majumdar, Sharanya J.
Zhang, Fuqing
Smith, Roger K.
Bosart, Lance
Bell, Michael M.
Haase, Jennifer S.
Heymsfield, Andrew
Jensen, Jorgen
Campos, Teresa
Boothe, Mark A.
TI THE PRE-DEPRESSION INVESTIGATION OF CLOUD-SYSTEMS IN THE TROPICS
(PREDICT) EXPERIMENT Scientific Basis, New Analysis Tools, and Some
First Results
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; WAVE CRITICAL LAYER; SAHARAN AIR LAYER;
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; FIELD EXPERIMENT; EASTERLY
WAVES; TYPHOON NURI; GENESIS; ATLANTIC
C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.; Bell, Michael M.; Boothe, Mark A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Dunkerton, Timothy] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA.
[Davis, Christopher; Heymsfield, Andrew; Jensen, Jorgen; Campos, Teresa] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA.
[Velden, Christopher] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
[Torn, Ryan; Bosart, Lance] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-8000 Munich, Germany.
[Haase, Jennifer S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Montgomery, Michael T.; Bell, Michael M.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA.
RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
EM mtmontgo@nps.edu
RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Zhang,
Fuqing/E-6522-2010
OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X; Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380, 0850709, 0851077, 0840651,
1016095]; NASA [NNH09AK561, NNG09HG031]; NOAA's Hurricane Research
Division; NOAA/AOML; IFEX; GRIP; Earth Observing Laboratory of NCAR
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Grants
ATM-0733380, 0850709, 0851077, 0840651, and 1016095; NASA Grants
NNH09AK561 and NNG09HG031; and a grant to MTM from NOAA's Hurricane
Research Division. The scientists from the PREDICT team wish to express
their gratitude to Stephen Nelson and Bradley Smull at NSF-ATM for
providing helpful guidance through the planning stages of this
experiment. The team expresses also their many thanks to Frank Marks
Jr., of NOAA/AOML and Ramesh Kakar of NASA and the corresponding science
teams of IFEX and GRIP for their enthusiastic collaboration and support.
The authors thank the many members of the Earth Observing Laboratory of
NCAR for their fantastic support of PREDICT. While there were too many
people involved to list all of them, scientists Jose Meitin, Greg
Stossmeister, Al Schanot, Al Cooper, Dave Rogers, Jeff Stith, Julie
Haggerty, Cindy Twohy, and Darin Toohey were vital to the success of the
project, as were operations managers Brigitte Baeuerle and Vidal
Salazar. Pilots Henry Boynton, Scotty McClain, Steve Thompson, Ed
Ringleman, and Lowell Genzlinger provided expert operation of the GV and
were eager to work with the PIs to optimize the flight track given
weather and air space restrictions. We wish to thank Gerald Thomsen and
the German Weather Service for providing the ECMWF data. Numerous
research scientists provided field support as well, including Tony
Wimmers and Derrick Herndon (CIMSS) and Jason Dunion (NOAA/AOML/HRD).
Numerous students and postdocs played a pivotal role in PREDICT, and
they have summarized their experiences in a companion article (Evans et
al. 2011). Finally, we wish to thank David Raymond and Carlos Lopez for
their dedicated participation in the experiment and providing the team
with valuable scientific input, debate, flight-planning support, and
mission-scientist leadership.
NR 61
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP 153
EP 172
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00046.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 897FP
UT WOS:000300632200005
ER
PT J
AU White, AB
Colman, B
Carter, GM
Ralph, FM
Webb, RS
Brandon, DG
King, CW
Neiman, PJ
Gottas, DJ
Jankov, I
Brill, KF
Zhu, YJ
Cook, K
Buehner, HE
Opitz, H
Reynolds, DW
Schick, LJ
AF White, Allen B.
Colman, Brad
Carter, Gary M.
Ralph, F. Martin
Webb, Robert S.
Brandon, David G.
King, Clark W.
Neiman, Paul J.
Gottas, Daniel J.
Jankov, Isidora
Brill, Keith F.
Zhu, Yuejian
Cook, Kirby
Buehner, Henry E.
Opitz, Harold
Reynolds, David W.
Schick, Lawrence J.
TI NOAA'S RAPID RESPONSE TO THE HOWARD A. HANSON DAM FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT
CRISIS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA;
VERTICAL STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RADAR; ENSEMBLE; CALJET; RAIN;
LEVEL
C1 [White, Allen B.; Ralph, F. Martin; Webb, Robert S.; King, Clark W.; Neiman, Paul J.; Gottas, Daniel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Colman, Brad; Cook, Kirby; Buehner, Henry E.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, WFO Seattle, Seattle, WA USA.
[Carter, Gary M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Brandon, David G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Western Reg Hydrol Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Brandon, David G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Climate Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Jankov, Isidora] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Jankov, Isidora] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Brill, Keith F.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Suitland, MD USA.
[Zhu, Yuejian] NOAA, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Opitz, Harold] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Pacific NW RFC, Portland, OR USA.
[Reynolds, David W.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, WFO San Francisco Bay Area, Monterey, CA USA.
[Schick, Lawrence J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA USA.
RP White, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab R PS2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM allen.b.white@noaa.gov
RI jankov, isidora/D-2830-2015
FU NWS Office of Science and Technology; NWS Office of Hydrologic
Development; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NOAA/ESRL
Physical Sciences Division
FX This study would not have been possible without the dedicated support of
the talented engineering and technical team located in the Physical
Sciences Division of NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, which
built, deployed, and maintained the radars used in this study. In
particular, we acknowledge Mr. James R. Jordan and Dr. Clark W. King for
managing the staff and field deployments. We thank the city of Westport
for providing a site for the ARO at Westport and Pierce County and the
city of Tacoma/Tacoma Water Agency for providing sites for the equipment
in the ARO couplet at Spanaway and Ravensdale, respectively. This work
was supported by grants from the NWS Office of Science and Technology,
the NWS Office of Hydrologic Development, the Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research, and the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division.
NR 52
TC 15
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U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP 189
EP 207
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00103.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 897FP
UT WOS:000300632200007
ER
PT J
AU Hamill, TM
Brennan, MJ
Brown, B
DeMaria, M
Rappaport, EN
Toth, Z
AF Hamill, Thomas M.
Brennan, Michael J.
Brown, Barbara
DeMaria, Mark
Rappaport, Edward N.
Toth, Zoltan
TI NOAA'S FUTURE ENSEMBLE-BASED HURRICANE FORECAST PRODUCTS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK; KALMAN FILTER
ENKF; PREDICTION SYSTEM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART II; OPERATIONAL
IMPLEMENTATION; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; TURBULENT FLUXES; GLOBAL ENSEMBLE
C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Brennan, Michael J.; Rappaport, Edward N.] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
[Brown, Barbara] NCAR, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[DeMaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Toth, Zoltan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD 1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov
RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015
OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194
FU NOAA; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Tropical Cyclone
Modeling Testbed
FX This article summarizes the HFIP-THORPEX Ensemble Product Development
Workshop, which was held 20-21 April 2010 in Boulder, Colorado. About 50
ensemble prediction experts, meteorologists with expertise in
statistics, hurricane forecasters, and representatives from the
emergency management and social-science communities attended the
workshop, in person or over the phone. The workshop was sponsored by 1)
NOAA's The Observing System, Research, and Predictability Experiment
(THORPEX) program, which has sponsored much of NOAA's ensemble
prediction research; 2) the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project
(HFIP), which seeks to halve track and intensity errors in the next 10
yr through a coordinated research and development and transition to
operations program on hurricanes; and 3) the workshop host, the National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Tropical Cyclone Modeling
Testbed.
NR 86
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP 209
EP 220
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3106.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 897FP
UT WOS:000300632200008
ER
PT J
AU Guilyardi, E
Cai, WJ
Collins, M
Fedorov, A
Jin, FF
Kumar, A
Sun, DZ
Wittenberg, A
AF Guilyardi, Eric
Cai, Wenju
Collins, Mat
Fedorov, Alexey
Jin, Fei-Fei
Kumar, Arun
Sun, De-Zheng
Wittenberg, Andrew
TI NEW STRATEGIES FOR EVALUATING ENSO PROCESSES IN CLIMATE MODELS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Guilyardi, Eric] UPMC, LOCEAN IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
[Guilyardi, Eric] Univ Reading, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England.
[Cai, Wenju] CSIRO, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Collins, Mat] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Fedorov, Alexey] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
[Jin, Fei-Fei] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Kumar, Arun; Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wittenberg, Andrew] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Guilyardi, E (reprint author), UPMC, LOCEAN IPSL, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
EM eric.guilyardi@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
RI Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; Wittenberg,
Andrew/G-9619-2013; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011
OI Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Wittenberg,
Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008
NR 0
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP 235
EP 238
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00106.1
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 897FP
UT WOS:000300632200010
ER
PT J
AU Baumgardner, D
Avallone, L
Bansemer, A
Borrmann, S
Brown, P
Bundke, U
Chuang, PY
Cziczo, D
Field, P
Gallagher, M
Gayet, JF
Heymsfield, A
Korolev, A
Kramer, M
McFarquhar, G
Mertes, S
Mohler, O
Lance, S
Lawson, P
Petters, MD
Pratt, K
Roberts, G
Rogers, D
Stetzer, O
Stith, J
Strapp, W
Twohy, C
Wendisch, M
AF Baumgardner, D.
Avallone, L.
Bansemer, A.
Borrmann, S.
Brown, P.
Bundke, U.
Chuang, P. Y.
Cziczo, D.
Field, P.
Gallagher, M.
Gayet, J. -F.
Heymsfield, A.
Korolev, A.
Kraemer, M.
McFarquhar, G.
Mertes, S.
Moehler, O.
Lance, S.
Lawson, P.
Petters, M. D.
Pratt, K.
Roberts, G.
Rogers, D.
Stetzer, O.
Stith, J.
Strapp, W.
Twohy, C.
Wendisch, M.
TI IN SITU, AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION Addressing and Solving Measurement
Problems in Ice Clouds
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID NEPHELOMETER; PARTICLES; DESIGN; CIRRUS; PROBE
C1 [Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 045120, DF, Mexico.
[Avallone, L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bansemer, A.; Heymsfield, A.; Rogers, D.; Stith, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Borrmann, S.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
[Brown, P.; Field, P.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Bundke, U.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
[Chuang, P. Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Cziczo, D.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Gallagher, M.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England.
[Gayet, J. -F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, CNRS UMR6016, Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Kraemer, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Stratosphare IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[McFarquhar, G.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.
[Mertes, S.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Moehler, O.] Karlsruhe Inst, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Lance, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lance, S.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lawson, P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Petters, M. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Pratt, K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Roberts, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Stetzer, O.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Twohy, C.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Wendisch, M.] Univ Leipzig, Leipziger Inst Meteorol LIM, Leipzig, Germany.
RP Baumgardner, D (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 045120, DF, Mexico.
EM darrel.baumgardner@gmail.com
RI Petters, Markus/D-2144-2009; Pratt, Kerri/F-8025-2010; Heymsfield,
Andrew/E-7340-2011; Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Mohler,
Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Bundke,
Ulrich/D-5813-2015; Wendisch, Manfred/E-4175-2013; Field,
Paul/B-1692-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Petters, Markus/0000-0002-4082-1693; Pratt, Kerri/0000-0003-4707-2290;
Bundke, Ulrich/0000-0001-5484-8099; Wendisch,
Manfred/0000-0002-4652-5561; Field, Paul/0000-0001-8528-0088;
McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135; Gallagher,
Martin/0000-0002-4968-6088
NR 18
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 49
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP E529
EP E534
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00123.1
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 897FP
UT WOS:000300632200002
ER
PT J
AU Marquis, M
Emch, P
AF Marquis, Melinda
Emch, Pam
TI METRICS AND COLLABORATIONS ARE KEY TO CREATING AND PRESERVING NEW
OBSERVATION RECORDS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Marquis, Melinda] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Emch, Pam] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA.
RP Marquis, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM melinda.marquis@noaa.gov
RI Marquis, Melinda/K-8895-2015
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP E525
EP E528
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00134.1
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 897FP
UT WOS:000300632200001
ER
PT J
AU Shelton, AO
Dick, EJ
Pearson, DE
Ralston, S
Mangel, M
AF Shelton, Andrew O.
Dick, E. J.
Pearson, Donald E.
Ralston, Stephen
Mangel, Marc
TI Estimating species composition and quantifying uncertainty in
multispecies fisheries: hierarchical Bayesian models for stratified
sampling protocols with missing data
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID OBSERVER SURVEYS; LANDINGS; DESIGN
AB Accurate landing statistics are among the most important data for the management of sustainable fisheries. For many fisheries, however, estimating species-specific landings and the associated uncertainty can be difficult, especially in the case of complex multispecies fisheries. Here we develop general and flexible methods for estimating species-specific landings, motivated by the mixed-species California groundfish fishery. We describe Bayesian generalized linear and hierarchical models for estimating species compositions from port sampling data and illustrate the application of each to several examples from California fisheries. Our hierarchical modeling approach provides a coherent statistical framework that can provide estimates of landings and uncertainty in the face of sparse and missing sampling data that compliment existing procedures for estimating landings. Furthermore, our methods provide ways to compare alternative model formulations and to maintain estimates of uncertainty when landings are aggregated across temporal or spatial scales. Our model structure is applicable to fisheries worldwide.
C1 [Shelton, Andrew O.; Dick, E. J.; Ralston, Stephen; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Dick, E. J.; Pearson, Donald E.; Ralston, Stephen] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway.
RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Mail Stop SOE 2, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM ashelton@soe.ucsc.edu
FU NOAA Fisheries; Southwest Fisheries Science Center, under the Expand
Annual Stock Assessment (EASA); Fisheries Ecology Division; Southwest
Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, California; University of
California Santa Cruz, California
FX We thank S. Munch, A. MacCall, W. Satterthwaite, J. Cotter, and an
anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. This research was
funded by an award from NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science
Center, under the Expand Annual Stock Assessment (EASA) program to the
Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR), a partnership between the
Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa
Cruz, California, and the University of California Santa Cruz,
California.
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 12
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 231
EP 246
DI 10.1139/F2011-152
PG 16
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 894GZ
UT WOS:000300416400003
ER
PT J
AU Chen, K
Chan, KS
Bailey, KM
Aydin, K
Ciannelli, L
AF Chen, Kun
Chan, Kung-Sik
Bailey, Kevin M.
Aydin, Kerim
Ciannelli, Lorenzo
TI A probabilistic cellular automata approach for predator-prey
interactions of arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and walleye
pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE;
SCALING-UP; RECRUITMENT; SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE
AB We developed a hybrid cellular automata (CA) modelling approach to explore the dynamics of a key predator-prey interaction in a marine system; our study is motivated by the quest for better understanding of the scale and heterogeneity-related effects on the arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) dynamics during the summer feeding season in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS), but can be readily extended to other systems. The spatially explicit and probabilistic CA model incorporates individual behaviours and strategies and local interactions among species, as well as spatial and temporal heterogeneity due to geographical and (or) environmental changes in the physical environment. The model is hybridized, with an individual-based model (IBM) approach for increasing its capacity and continuum and for balancing between computational efficiency and model validity, which makes it suitable for simulating predator-prey dynamics in a large, complex ecological environment. We focus on the functional and aggregative responses of predators to prey density at different spatial scales, the effects of individual behaviours, and the impacts of systematic heterogeneity. Simulations from the model with suitable parameter values share qualitatively similar features found in field observations, e. g., local aggregations around hydrographical features. Spatial heterogeneity is an important aspect of whether local-scale functional and aggregative responses reflect those operating over large, or global, scales.
C1 [Chen, Kun; Chan, Kung-Sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Bailey, Kevin M.; Aydin, Kerim] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Chan, KS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM kung-sik-chan@uiowa.edu
FU NOAA-NSF CAMEO
FX The authors thank the NOAA-NSF CAMEO program for financial support. The
authors also thank two anonymous reviewers and Don Jackson and Yong Chen
for very helpful comments, Jeff Napp and Mary Hunsicker for comments on
drafts of the manuscript, and Cathleen Vestfals for producing Fig. 2.
This is EcoFOCI contribution 0734-ROA-9.
NR 42
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 10
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 259
EP 272
DI 10.1139/F2011-160
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 894GZ
UT WOS:000300416400005
ER
PT J
AU Walline, PD
Wilson, CD
Hollowed, AB
Stienessen, SC
AF Walline, Paul D.
Wilson, Christopher D.
Hollowed, Anne B.
Stienessen, Sarah C.
TI Short-term effects of commercial fishing on the distribution and
abundance of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID STELLER SEA LIONS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS;
NUTRITIONAL STRESS; POPULATION DECLINE; REGIME SHIFTS; ALASKA; DIET;
FISHERIES; OCEAN
AB Replicate acoustic surveys conducted near Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA, during summers 2001, 2004, and 2006 showed that the short-term effect of commercial fishing activities on walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) during this period was small, in most cases too small to detect. An area with commercial fishing and a nearby comparison area where commercial fishing was prohibited were surveyed before and during the fishery. Acoustic data were used to assess changes in the abundance, geographical and vertical distributions, and small-scale spatial patterns of walleye pollock, which may have occurred after the fishery commenced. A decrease in biomass after fishing began was detected only in 2004. No changes were detected in geographical or vertical distributions that could be attributed to the fishery in any year. Adults did not appear to aggregate or disperse in response to the fishery. Juvenile aggregations did differ between the prefishery and fishery surveys in 1 of the 2 years when juveniles were present. These data suggest that changes in walleye pollock abundance and distribution caused by the fishery are likely quite small compared with natural fluctuations.
C1 [Walline, Paul D.; Wilson, Christopher D.; Hollowed, Anne B.; Stienessen, Sarah C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Walline, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM paul.walline@noaa.gov
NR 63
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 9
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 354
EP 368
DI 10.1139/F2011-166
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 894GZ
UT WOS:000300416400013
ER
PT J
AU Hagwood, C
Bernal, J
Halter, M
Elliott, J
AF Hagwood, Charles
Bernal, Javier
Halter, Michael
Elliott, John
TI Evaluation of Segmentation Algorithms on Cell Populations Using CDF
Curves
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
LA English
DT Article
DE Cell morphology; cumulative distribution function (CDF); flow cytometry;
image cytometry; misclassification errors; segmentation
ID FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; HISTOGRAMS
AB Cell segmentation is a critical step in the analysis pipeline for most imaging cytometry experiments and evaluating the performance of segmentation algorithms is important for aiding the selection of segmentation algorithms. Four popular algorithms are evaluated based on their cell segmentation performance. Because segmentation involves the classification of pixels belonging to regions within the cell or belonging to background, these algorithms are evaluated based on their total misclassification error. Misclassification error is particularly relevant in the analysis of quantitative descriptors of cell morphology involving pixel counts, such as projected area, aspect ratio and diameter. Since the cumulative distribution function captures completely the stochastic properties of a population of misclassification errors it is used to compare segmentation performance.
C1 [Hagwood, Charles] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bernal, Javier] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Halter, Michael; Elliott, John] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hagwood, C (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hag-wood@nist.gov; bernal@nist.gov; michael.halter@nist.gov;
john.elliott@nist.gov
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0278-0062
J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING
JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 31
IS 2
BP 380
EP 390
DI 10.1109/TMI.2011.2169806
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 891DU
UT WOS:000300197500019
PM 21965194
ER
PT J
AU Bradford, AL
Weller, DW
Punt, AE
Ivashchenko, YV
Burdin, AM
VanBlaricom, GR
Brownell, RL
AF Bradford, Amanda L.
Weller, David W.
Punt, Andre E.
Ivashchenko, Yulia V.
Burdin, Alexander M.
VanBlaricom, Glenn R.
Brownell, Robert L., Jr.
TI Leaner leviathans: body condition variation in a critically endangered
whale population
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE density-independence; energy reserves; environmental variability;
fitness; Okhotsk Sea; ordinal logistic regression; photo-identification;
western gray whales
ID ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; GRAY WHALE; CONDITION
INDEXES; SAKHALIN ISLAND; HIGH AGREEMENT; FAT CONDITION; ATLANTIC FIN;
POLAR BEARS; LOW KAPPA
AB The role of environmental limitation and density-dependent regulation in shaping populations is debated in ecology. Populations at low densities may offer an unobstructed view of basic environmental and physiological interactions that impact individual fitness and thus population productivity. The energy reserves of an organism are reflected in its body condition, a measure linking individual fitness and the environment. From 1997 to 2007, we monitored the critically endangered western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) population on its primary summer feeding ground off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia. This effort resulted in a large data set of photo-identification images from 5,007 sightings of 168 individual whales that we used to visually assess western gray whale body condition. We quantified temporal variation in the resulting 1,539 monthly body condition determinations with respect to observations of reproductive status and sex. Western gray whale body condition varied annually, and we identified years of significantly better (2004) and worse ((999, 2006, and 2007) body condition. This study is the 1st to track the within-season body condition of individual whales. Body condition improved significantly as the summer progressed, although results suggest that not all whales replenish their energy stores by the end of the season. The body condition of lactating females was significantly worse than that of other whales at all times and was most often determined to be compromised. The body condition of their weaning calves exhibited no temporal variation and was consistently good. It is possible lactating females provide an energetic buffer to their offspring at the expense of their own body condition and future reproductive success. Findings from the analysis establish a foundation for quantifying links between western gray whale body condition, demographic parameters, and environmental conditions; and provide a baseline for monitoring individual and population condition of an ecosystem sentinel species in a changing environment. Overall, this study highlights the presence of density-independent environmental and physiological mechanisms that affect the abundance and growth of populations.
C1 [Weller, David W.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Ivashchenko, Yulia V.] Seastar Sci, Yaroslavl 150033, Russia.
[Bradford, Amanda L.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683024, Russia.
[Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Bradford, Amanda L.; Punt, Andre E.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Bradford, AL (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Species Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1000, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
EM alb992@u.washington.edu
OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488
FU University of Washington; Alaska Sea Life Center; Exxon Neftegas
Limited; International Fund for Animal Welfare; International Whaling
Commission; United States Marine Mammal Commission; Texas A&M University
at Galveston; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; United States
National Marine Fisheries Service; Ocean Park Conservation Foundation;
Sakhalin Energy Investment Company; School of Aquatic and Fishery
Sciences at the University of Washington; United States Environmental
Protection Agency; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
Unit
FX We thank the many individuals who have provided field assistance over
the years, especially S. Blokhin, H. W. Kim, A. Lang, S. Rickards, and
G. Tsidulko. Participants in the 2006 NOAA Large Whale Health Assessment
Workshop contributed valuable feedback on the body condition assessment
protocol. N. Ellis, P. Heagerty, and R. Christensen offered useful
advice on the statistical analysis. The edits of W. Perrin and 2
anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Support for ALB was funded
in part by a grant from the Washington Sea Grant Program, University of
Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Graduate Fellowship Program in Population Dynamics and Marine Resource
Economics. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration or any of its subagencies. Support and funding for the
Russia United States western gray whale research project were provided
(in alphabetical order) by Alaska Sea Life Center, Exxon Neftegas
Limited, the International Fund for Animal Welfare, the International
Whaling Commission, the United States Marine Mammal Commission, the
Marine Mammal Research Program at Texas A&M University at Galveston, the
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the United States National Marine
Fisheries Service, Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Sakhalin Energy
Investment Company, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the
University of Washington, the United States Environmental Protection
Agency, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.
The project was conducted as part of the Marine Mammal Project under
Area V: Protection of Nature and the Organization of Reserves within the
United States Russia Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of
Environmental Protection.
NR 83
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 26
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 1
BP 251
EP 266
DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-091.1
PG 16
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 896VE
UT WOS:000300598700023
ER
PT J
AU Stan, G
Krylyuk, S
Davydov, AV
Cook, RF
AF Stan, Gheorghe
Krylyuk, Sergiy
Davydov, Albert V.
Cook, Robert F.
TI Bending manipulation and measurements of fracture strength of silicon
and oxidized silicon nanowires by atomic force microscopy
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; AFM
MANIPULATION; INAS NANOWIRES; SI NANOWIRES; PLASTICITY; NANOMATERIALS;
BEHAVIOR; FIBERS
AB In this work, the ultimate bending strengths of as-grown Si and fully oxidized Si nanowires (NWs) were investigated by using a new atomic force microscopy (AFM) bending method. NWs dispersed on Si substrates were bent into hook and loop configurations by AFM manipulation. The adhesion between NWs and the substrate provided sufficient restraint to retain NWs in imposed bent states and allowed subsequent AFM imaging. The stress and friction force distributions along the bent NWs were calculated based on the in-plane configurations of the NWs in the AFM images. As revealed from the last-achieved bending state, before fracture, fracture strengths close to the ideal strength of materials were attained in these measurements: 17.3 GPa for Si NWs and 6.2 GPa for fully oxidized Si NWs.
C1 [Stan, Gheorghe; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Krylyuk, Sergiy; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Krylyuk, Sergiy] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
NR 51
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 20
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 562
EP 570
DI 10.1557/jmr.2011.354
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 886TT
UT WOS:000299877500008
ER
PT J
AU Sooraj, KP
Annamalai, H
Kumar, A
Wang, H
AF Sooraj, K. P.
Annamalai, H.
Kumar, Arun
Wang, Hui
TI A Comprehensive Assessment of CFS Seasonal Forecasts over the Tropics
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO;
SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
CLIMATE VARIABILITY; PREDICTION SKILL; ENSO PREDICTION
AB The 15-member ensemble hindcasts performed with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System (CFS) for the period 1981-2005, as well as real-time forecasts for the period 2006-09, are assessed for seasonal prediction skills over the tropics, from deterministic (anomaly correlation), categorical (Heidke skill score), and probabilistic (rank probability skill score) perspectives. Further, persistence, signal-to-noise ratio, and root-mean-square error analyses are also performed. The CFS demonstrates high skill in forecasting El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies during developing and mature phases, including that of different types of El Nino. During ENSO, the space-time evolution of anomalous SST, 850-hPa wind, and rainfall along the equatorial Pacific, as well as the mechanisms involved in the teleconnection to the tropical Indian Ocean, are also well represented. During ENSO phase transition and in the summer, the skill of forecasting Pacific SST anomalies is modest. An examination of CFS ability in forecasting seasonal rainfall anomalies over the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) indicates that forecasting the persistence of dryness from El Nino winter into the following spring/summer is skillful at leads > 3 months. During strong El Nino years the persistence is predicted by all members with a 6-month lead time. Also, the model is skillful in predicting regional rainfall responses during different types of El Nino. Since both deterministic and probabilistic skill scores converge, the suggestion is that the forecast is useful. The model's skill in the real-time forecasts for the period 2006-09 is also discussed. The results suggest the feasibility that a dynamical-system-based seasonal prediction of precipitation over the USAPI can be considered.
C1 [Sooraj, K. P.; Annamalai, H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui] NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
[Wang, Hui] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA.
RP Annamalai, H (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM hanna@hawaii.edu
RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008
FU NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB); IPRC
FX The first author expresses his sincere gratitude to Jan Hafner, V.
Prasanna, P. Pillai, J. Chowdary, H.J. Kim, and J.Y. Lee for various
discussions during the course of this project. Comments from Drs.
Chowdary and Pillai on the draft version of the manuscript are
appreciated. Comments and critiques from the anonymous reviewers helped
in improving the presentation of this manuscript. This study is
supported by the NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB) program and also partly
funded by the institutional grants of the IPRC.
NR 67
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 1
BP 3
EP 27
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00014.1
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 895VW
UT WOS:000300525800001
ER
PT J
AU Suarez, A
Reeves, HD
Wheatley, D
Coniglio, M
AF Suarez, Astrid
Reeves, Heather Dawn
Wheatley, Dustan
Coniglio, Michael
TI Comparison of Ensemble Kalman Filter Based Forecasts to Traditional
Ensemble and Deterministic Forecasts for a Case Study of Banded Snow
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; NORTHEAST US CYCLONES; CONDITIONAL SYMMETRIC
INSTABILITY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PART II; MESOSCALE PREDICTABILITY; MODEL
EXPERIMENTS; WINTER CYCLONE; UNITED-STATES; COMMA HEAD
AB The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) technique is compared to other modeling approaches for a case study of banded snow. The forecasts include a 12- and 3-km grid-spaced deterministic forecast (D12 and D3), a 12-km 30-member ensemble (E12), and a 12-km 30-member ensemble with EnKF-based four-dimensional data assimilation (EKF12). In D12 and D3, flow patterns are not ideal for banded snow, but they have similar precipitation accumulations in the correct location. The increased resolution did not improve the quantitative precipitation forecast. The E12 ensemble mean has a flow pattern favorable for banding and precipitation in the approximate correct location, although the magnitudes and probabilities of relevant features are quite low. Six members produced good forecasts of the flow patterns and the precipitation structure. The EKF12 ensemble mean has an ideal flow pattern for banded snow and the mean produces banded precipitation, but relevant features are about 100 km too far north. The EKF12 has a much lower spread than does E12, a consequence of their different initial conditions. Comparison of the initial ensemble means shows that EKF12 has a closed surface low and a region of high low- to midlevel humidity that are not present in E12. These features act in concert to produce a stronger ensemble-mean cyclonic system with heavier precipitation at the time of banding.
C1 [Reeves, Heather Dawn] NOAA, DOC, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Reeves, Heather Dawn; Wheatley, Dustan] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Suarez, Astrid] Natl Weather Ctr Res Experience Undergrad Program, Norman, OK USA.
RP Reeves, HD (reprint author), NOAA, DOC, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Ste 2401,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM heather.reeves@noaa.gov
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0648566]; Oklahoma EPSCoR; NCAR/EOL;
NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce
FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
Foundation under Grant ATM-0648566 and Oklahoma EPSCoR. Special thanks
to A. Clark, G. DiMego, J. Kain, J. Kwiatkowski, G. Manikin, and D.
Stensrud, and NCAR/EOL (under sponsorship of the National Science
Foundation). Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative
Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 63
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 1
BP 85
EP 105
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00030.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 895VW
UT WOS:000300525800005
ER
PT J
AU Grams, JS
Thompson, RL
Snively, DV
Prentice, JA
Hodges, GM
Reames, LJ
AF Grams, Jeremy S.
Thompson, Richard L.
Snively, Darren V.
Prentice, Jayson A.
Hodges, Gina M.
Reames, Larissa J.
TI A Climatology and Comparison of Parameters for Significant Tornado
Events in the United States
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID SEVERE WEATHER REPORTS; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS;
FORECAST PARAMETERS; CONVECTIVE MODE; SUPERCELLS; MORPHOLOGY; STORMS
AB A sample of 448 significant tornado events was collected, representing a population of 1072 individual tornadoes across the contiguous United States from 2000 to 2008. Classification of convective mode was assessed from radar mosaics for each event with the majority classified as discrete cells compared to quasi-linear convective systems and clusters. These events were further stratified by season and region and compared with a null-tornado database of 911 significant hail and wind events that occurred without nearby tornadoes. These comparisons involved 1) environmental variables that have been used through the past 25-50 yr as part of the approach to tornado forecasting, 2) recent sounding-based parameter evaluations, and 3) convective mode. The results show that composite and kinematic parameters (whether at standard pressure levels or sounding derived), along with convective mode, provide greater discrimination than thermodynamic parameters between significant tornado versus either significant hail or wind events that occurred in the absence of nearby tornadoes.
C1 [Grams, Jeremy S.; Thompson, Richard L.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Snively, Darren V.] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Prentice, Jayson A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA USA.
[Hodges, Gina M.; Reames, Larissa J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Grams, JS (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Ste 2300,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jeremy.grams@noaa.gov
RI Nesbitt, Stephen/I-3965-2013
OI Nesbitt, Stephen/0000-0003-0348-0452
NR 44
TC 30
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 1
BP 106
EP 123
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00008.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 895VW
UT WOS:000300525800006
ER
PT J
AU Gourley, JJ
Erlingis, JM
Hong, Y
Wells, EB
AF Gourley, Jonathan J.
Erlingis, Jessica M.
Hong, Yang
Wells, Ernest B.
TI Evaluation of Tools Used for Monitoring and Forecasting Flash Floods in
the United States
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID UNGAUGED BASINS; GUIDANCE; MODEL; UNCERTAINTIES; THRESHOLDS; SUPPORT;
GIS
AB This paper evaluates, for the first time, flash-flood guidance (FFG) values and recently developed gridded FFG (GFFG) used by the National Weather Service (NWS) to monitor and predict imminent flash flooding, which is the leading storm-related cause of death in the United States. It is envisioned that results from this study will be used 1) to establish benchmark performance of existing operational flash-flood prediction tools and 2) to provide information to NWS forecasters that reveals how the existing tools can be readily optimized. Sources used to evaluate the products include official reports of flash floods from the NWS Storm Data database, discharge measurements on small basins available from the U.S. Geological Survey, and witness reports of flash flooding collected during the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment. Results indicated that the operational guidance values, with no calibration, were marginally skillful, with the highest critical success index of 0.20 occurring with 3-h GFFG. The false-alarm rates fell and the skill improved to 0.34 when the rainfall was first spatially averaged within basins and then reached 50% of FFG for 1-h accumulation and exceeded 3-h FFG. Although the skill of the GFFG values was generally lower than that of their FFG counterparts, GFFG was capable of detecting the spatial variability of reported flash flooding better than FFG was for a case study in an urban setting.
C1 [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Erlingis, Jessica M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Wells, Ernest B.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Severe
Storms Laboratory's Director's Discretionary Research Funds; National
Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System funds
FX Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement
NA17RJ1227, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the National Severe Storms
Laboratory's Director's Discretionary Research Funds, and the National
Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System funds. Hindcast
values of daily flash-flood guidance were produced and provided by James
Paul (ABRFC). Useful discussions with John Schmidt (SERFC) and Seann
Reed (OHD) helped in the synthesis of this study. Their assistance is
greatly appreciated. We also appreciate the NWS National Precipitation
Verification Unit for making the QPE and GFFG grids available to us.
NR 31
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 25
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 1
BP 158
EP 173
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05043.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 895VW
UT WOS:000300525800009
ER
PT J
AU Donovan, GH
Michael, YL
Butry, DT
Sullivan, AD
Chase, JM
AF Donovan, Geoffrey H.
Michael, Yvonne L.
Butry, David T.
Sullivan, Amy D.
Chase, John M.
TI Comment on "Green Space, health inequality, and pregnancy"
SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.; Chase, John M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA.
[Michael, Yvonne L.] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA.
[Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sullivan, Amy D.] Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Portland, OR 97204 USA.
RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA.
EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0160-4120
J9 ENVIRON INT
JI Environ. Int.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 1
BP 133
EP 133
DI 10.1016/j.envint.2011.10.009
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 890EY
UT WOS:000300129100017
PM 22208752
ER
PT J
AU Denkenberger, JS
Driscoll, CT
Branfireun, BA
Eckley, CS
Cohen, M
Selvendiran, P
AF Denkenberger, Joseph S.
Driscoll, Charles T.
Branfireun, Brian A.
Eckley, Chris S.
Cohen, Mark
Selvendiran, Pranesh
TI A synthesis of rates and controls on elemental mercury evasion in the
Great Lakes Basin
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Evasion; Great Lakes; Land cover; Mercury; Volatilization
ID DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; FRESH-WATER LAKES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY;
UNITED-STATES; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; VOLATILE MERCURY; BACKGROUND SOILS;
DIVALENT MERCURY; NATURAL SOURCES; EMISSIONS
AB Rates of surface-air elemental mercury (Hg-0) fluxes in the literature were synthesized for the Great Lakes Basin (GLB). For the majority of surfaces, fluxes were net positive (evasion). Digital land-cover data were combined with representative evasion rates and used to estimate annual Hg-0 evasion for the GLB (7.7 Mg/yr). This value is less than our estimate of total Hg deposition to the area (15.9 Mg/yr), suggesting the GLB is a net sink for atmospheric Hg. The greatest contributors to annual evasion for the basin are agricultural (similar to 55%) and forest (similar to 25%) land cover types, and the open water of the Great Lakes (similar to 15%). Areal evasion rates were similar across most land cover types (range: 7.0-21.0 mu g/m(2)-yr), with higher rates associated with urban (12.6 mu g/m(2)-yr) and agricultural (21.0 mu g/m(2)-yr) lands. Uncertainty in these estimates could be partially remedied through a unified methodological approach to estimating Hg fluxes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Denkenberger, Joseph S.; Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
[Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Environm & Sustainabil, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
[Eckley, Chris S.] Environm Canada, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S5, Canada.
[Cohen, Mark] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Selvendiran, Pranesh] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Denkenberger, JS (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
EM jsdenken@syr.edu
RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015;
OI Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890
FU New York Energy Research and Development Authority; U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
FX We thank Marty Risch, David Gay, Tom Holsen and Kim Driscoll for their
help with this analysis. We also appreciate the assistance of the
reviewers, who provided constructive and helpful critiques, and whose
comments have benefited the paper. Support for this study was provided
by New York Energy Research and Development Authority and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
NR 64
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 40
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 161
BP 291
EP 298
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.007
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 896BB
UT WOS:000300539300038
PM 21719170
ER
PT J
AU Makogon, D
Spielman, IB
Smith, CM
AF Makogon, D.
Spielman, I. B.
Smith, C. Morais
TI Spin-charge-density wave in a rounded-square Fermi surface for ultracold
atoms
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL LATTICES; FIELD; GAS
AB We derive and discuss an experimentally realistic model describing ultracold atoms in an optical lattice including a commensurate, but staggered, spin-flip term. The resulting band structure is quite exotic; fermions in the third band have an unusual rounded picture-frame Fermi surface (essentially two concentric squircles), leading to imperfect nesting. We develop a generalized theory describing the spin and charge degrees of freedom simultaneously at the random-field-approximation level, and show that the system can develop a coupled spin-charge-density wave order. Our generic approach can be used to study spin and charge instabilities in many materials, such as high-T-c superconductors, organic compounds, graphene, and iron pnictides. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2012
C1 [Makogon, D.; Smith, C. Morais] Univ Utrecht, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Makogon, D (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM c.demoraissmith@uu.nl
RI Morais Smith, Cristiane/D-2947-2012
FU National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164]; ARO; DARPA's OLE; Atomtronics
MURI; NSF through the PFC at JQI; Netherlands Organization for
Scientific Research NWO
FX We acknowledge the hospitality of the KITP Santa Barbara, supported by
the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164, where this
work was initiated. IBS acknowledges the financial support of the ARO
with funds from DARPA's OLE program and the Atomtronics MURI; and the
NSF through the PFC at JQI. CMS was partially supported by Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research NWO. We are indebted to D.
BAERISWYL, G. BAYM, A. HEMMERICH, and A. LAZARIDES for fruitful
discussions.
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 97
IS 3
AR 33002
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/97/33002
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 894AU
UT WOS:000300400000011
ER
PT J
AU Kajbafvala, A
Nachtrab, W
Lu, XF
Hunte, F
Liu, XT
Cheggour, N
Wong, T
Schwartz, J
AF Kajbafvala, Amir
Nachtrab, William
Lu, Xi Feng
Hunte, Frank
Liu, Xiaotao
Cheggour, Najib
Wong, Terence
Schwartz, Justin
TI Dispersion-Strengthened Silver Alumina for Sheathing Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
Multifilamentary Wire
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Dispersion-strengthened (DS) alloys; high-temperature superconductor;
tensile properties; transport measurements
AB High-strength high-elastic-modulus dispersion-strengthened (DS) silver aluminum alloys are studied for sheathing Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi2212) round wire. DS is an effective method for producing a fine grain metallurgical structure that is resistant to softening during high-temperature heat treatment. Here, DS Ag/0.5-wt.% Al (AgAl) alloy sheet is produced using powder metallurgy and is compared with Ag/0.2-wt.% Mg (AgMg) alloy, which is currently the most common alloy used for Bi2212 wire. Room temperature (RT), 77- and 4.0-K tensile tests, Vickers microhardness, optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and electrical resistivity measurements are compared. Furthermore, Bi2212/AgMg and Bi2212/AgAl wires are produced and compared for short-sample and coil I-c (4.2 K; self-field). It is found that the AgAl solid wire shows high yield stress and ultimate tensile strength in the annealed condition at both RT and 4.0 K, as well as significant ductility at 4.0 K. Electrical transport measurements show that the Bi2212/AgAl wires perform as well or better than Bi2212/AgMg wires. Furthermore, no leakage is observed after partial melt processing (PMP) of Bi2212/AgAl spirals. After PMP, the Bi2212/AgAl wire not only has yield and tensile stresses slightly higher than those of the Bi2212/AgMg wire but also exhibits > 2% elongation, which is several times higher than that of Bi2212/AgMg.
C1 [Kajbafvala, Amir; Hunte, Frank; Liu, Xiaotao; Schwartz, Justin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Nachtrab, William; Wong, Terence] Supercon Inc, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA.
[Lu, Xi Feng; Cheggour, Najib] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kajbafvala, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012
OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065
FU U.S. DoE Office of High Energy Physics STTR [DE-SC0004268]
FX Manuscript received August 25, 2011; revised October 6, 2011 and
November 30, 2011; accepted November 30, 2011. Date of publication
January 23, 2012; date of current version February 3, 2012. This work
was supported in part by the U.S. DoE Office of High Energy Physics STTR
Phase I Grant DE-SC0004268. This paper was recommended by Associate
Editor D. van der Laan.
NR 14
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 13
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 1
SI SI
AR 8400210
DI 10.1109/TASC.2011.2179296
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 894JQ
UT WOS:000300423400003
ER
PT J
AU Lu, XF
Goodrich, LF
van der Laan, DC
Splett, JD
Cheggour, N
Holesinger, TG
Baca, FJ
AF Lu, X. F.
Goodrich, L. F.
van der Laan, D. C.
Splett, J. D.
Cheggour, N.
Holesinger, T. G.
Baca, F. J.
TI Correlation Between Pressure Dependence of Critical Temperature and the
Reversible Strain Effect on the Critical Current and Pinning Force in
Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x Wires
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Axial strain; Bi-2212 wire; critical current; flux pinning;
irreversibility field
ID TRANSPORT CRITICAL CURRENTS; AXIAL STRAIN; SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES;
MAGNETIC-FIELD; T-C
AB Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x round wires are among the most promising high-temperature superconductor candidates for making high-field magnets that operate at fields above 20 T. Owing to the brittle nature of high-temperature superconductors, their electromechanical properties need to be studied and understood prior to magnet design and construction. The irreversible degradation of the critical current at high strains has been previously correlated to damage in the microstructure of the superconductor. The origin of the much smaller reversible strain dependence of the superconducting properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x x wires has not yet been studied in detail. In this paper, we determine the cause of the reversible effect of strain on the pinning force and the critical current at temperatures ranging from 4 K to 65 K. Measurements were made as a function of tensile strain in magnetic fields up to 16 T. The irreversibility fields, determined from the macroscopic pinning force at various temperatures and strains, and the critical temperature of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x wire were found to be strain dependent. The reversible change in critical current and pinning force in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x superconducting wires can be solely attributed to the dependence of the critical temperature on pressure.
C1 [Lu, X. F.; Goodrich, L. F.; van der Laan, D. C.; Splett, J. D.; Cheggour, N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Lu, X. F.; van der Laan, D. C.; Cheggour, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Holesinger, T. G.; Baca, F. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Lu, XF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM goodrich@boulder.nist.gov
RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012; van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016
OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065;
FU High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Government
FX Manuscript received September 8, 2011; revised October 28, 2011;
accepted October 28, 2011. Date of publication December 16, 2011; date
of current version February 3, 2012. This work was supported in part by
High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Very
High Field Superconducting Magnet Collaboration. This work was also
supported in part by the U.S. Government, not protected by U.S.
Copyright. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor J. Schwartz.
NR 26
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Z9 7
U1 1
U2 15
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 1
SI SI
AR 8400307
DI 10.1109/TASC.2011.2174630
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 894JQ
UT WOS:000300423400004
ER
PT J
AU van der Laan, DC
Douglas, JF
Goodrich, LF
Semerad, R
Bauer, M
AF van der Laan, D. C.
Douglas, J. F.
Goodrich, L. F.
Semerad, R.
Bauer, M.
TI Correlation Between In-Plane Grain Orientation and the Reversible Strain
Effect on Flux Pinning in RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta Coated Conductors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Critical current; flux pinning; REBCO coated conductors; strain
ID AXIAL-STRAIN; TAPES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; BEHAVIOR; DEPENDENCE; STRESS;
FIELDS; NB3SN
AB The uniaxial pressure dependence of the critical temperature causes a reversible effect of strain on the critical current density and the flux pinning strength in many high-temperature superconductors. Recent experiments on patterned coated conductor bridges have shown that the anisotropic nature of the pressure dependence of the critical temperature of rare earth (RE)-Ba2Cu3O7-delta (REBCO) has a major impact on the performance of coated conductors under strain. The strain effect on the critical current density is most prominent when the strain is along the [100] and [010] directions of the superconducting film, whereas it almost completely disappears when the strain is along [110]. In this paper, we investigate the correlation between the uniaxialpressure dependence of the critical temperature and the reversible strain effect on flux pinning in REBCO coated conductors. We show that axial strain has a large effect on the irreversibility field and the pinning force in coated conductors when the [100] and [010] directions of the superconducting film are aligned along the conductor axis. The magnitude of the strain effect in these conductors largely depends on the angle at which the magnetic field is applied. On the other hand, the critical temperature is not expected to change with the axial strain in coated conductors when the [110] direction is aligned along the conductor axis. Indeed, the irreversibility field and the magnetic field dependence of the pinning force of these conductors are almost independent of the axial strain for all angles at which the magnetic field is applied. The minor strain dependence of the critical current measured in these conductors could be caused by the average in-plane grain misalignment of between 6 degrees and 8 degrees, which causes a slight variation in the strain alignment with the axes of the superconducting film. The results confirm that the reversible strain effect in REBCO coated conductors is largely determined by the uniaxial pressure dependence of the critical temperature.
C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[van der Laan, D. C.; Douglas, J. F.; Goodrich, L. F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Semerad, R.; Bauer, M.] THEVA Dunnschichttech GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany.
RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM danko@boulder.nist.gov
RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016
FU Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, U.S. Department
of Energy
FX Manuscript received September 8, 2011; revised October 21, 2011;
accepted October 22, 2011. Date of publication December 16, 2011; date
of current version February 3, 2012. This work was supported in part by
the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, U.S.
Department of Energy. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor J.
Schwartz.
NR 33
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 1
SI SI
AR 8400707
DI 10.1109/TASC.2011.2174359
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 894JQ
UT WOS:000300423400008
ER
PT J
AU van der Laan, D
AF van der Laan, Danko
TI Special Issue on Electromechanical Properties of High-Temperature
Superconductors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [van der Laan, Danko] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[van der Laan, Danko] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP van der Laan, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 1
SI SI
AR 0000101
DI 10.1109/TASC.2012.2183040
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 894JQ
UT WOS:000300423400001
ER
PT J
AU Polikhronidi, NG
Abdulagatov, IM
Batyrova, RG
Stepanov, GV
Wu, JT
Ustuzhanin, EE
AF Polikhronidi, N. G.
Abdulagatov, I. M.
Batyrova, R. G.
Stepanov, G. V.
Wu, J. T.
Ustuzhanin, E. E.
TI Experimental Study of the Isochoric Heat Capacity of Diethyl Ether (DEE)
in the Critical and Supercritical Regions
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Adiabatic calorimeter; Critical point; Diethyl ether; Equation of state;
Isochoric heat capacity
ID YANG-YANG RELATION; CRITICAL-POINT; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRIPLE-POINT; ISING-MODEL; 298.15 K; CONFLUENT
SINGULARITIES; NITROGEN TETROXIDE; DIISOPROPYL ETHER
AB Two- and one-phase liquid and vapor isochoric heat capacities (C (V rho) T relationship) of diethyl ether (DEE) in the critical and supercritical regions have been measured with a high-temperature and high-pressure nearly constant-volume adiabatic calorimeter. The measurements were carried out in the temperature range from 347 K to 575 K for 12 liquid and 5 vapor densities from 212.6 kg center dot m(-3) to 534.6 kg center dot m(-3). The expanded uncertainties (coverage factor k = 2, two-standard deviation estimate) for values of the heat capacity were 2% to 3% in the near-critical region, 1.0% to 1.5% for the liquid isochores, and 3% to 4% for the vapor isochores. The uncertainties of density (rho) and temperature (T) measurements were 0.02% and 15 mK, respectively. The values of the internal energy, U(T, V), and second temperature derivative of pressure, (a,(2) P/a,T (2)) (rho) , were derived using the measured C (V) data near the critical point. The critical anomaly of the measured C (V) and derived values of U(T, V) and (a,(2) P/a,T (2)) (rho) in the critical and supercritical regions were interpreted in terms of the scaling theory of critical phenomena. The asymptotic critical amplitudes (A(0)(+) and A(0)(-)) of the scaling power laws along the critical isochore for one- and two-phase CV were calculated from the measured values of CV. Experimentally derived values of the critical amplitude ratio for C-V (A(0)(+)/A(0)(-) = 0.521) are in good agreement with the values predicted by scaling theory. The measured C-V data for DEE were analyzed to study the behavior of loci of isothermal and isochoric C-V maxima and minima in the critical and supercritical regions.
C1 [Polikhronidi, N. G.; Batyrova, R. G.; Stepanov, G. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
[Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
[Wu, J. T.] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
[Ustuzhanin, E. E.] Moscow Power Engn Inst, Dept Thermophys Engn, Moscow, Russia.
RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov
FU RFBR [08-08-92215]
FX One of us, I. M. Abdulagatov, thanks the Thermophysical Properties
Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the
opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher during the course of this
research. The authors also thank Dr. J.W. Magee for useful discussions.
This work was supported by Grant RFBR 08-08-92215.
NR 69
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 2
BP 185
EP 219
DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1147-z
PG 35
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 891ZA
UT WOS:000300254400001
ER
PT J
AU Davis, SM
Rosenlof, KH
AF Davis, Sean M.
Rosenlof, Karen H.
TI A Multidiagnostic Intercomparison of Tropical-Width Time Series Using
Reanalyses and Satellite Observations
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TROPOSPHERIC RESPONSE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE;
POLEWARD SHIFT; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; CIRCULATION; TRENDS; PERTURBATIONS;
TEMPERATURE
AB Poleward migration of the latitudinal edge of the tropics of 0.25 degrees-3.0 degrees decade(-1) has been reported in several recent studies based on satellite and radiosonde data and reanalysis output covering the past similar to 30 yr. The goal of this paper is to identify the extent to which this large range of trends can be explained by the use of different data sources, time periods, and edge definitions, as well as how the widening varies as a function of hemisphere and season. Toward this end, a suite of tropical edge latitude diagnostics based on tropopause height, winds, precipitation-evaporation, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are analyzed using several reanalyses and satellite datasets. These diagnostics include both previously used definitions and new definitions designed for more robust detection. The wide range of widening trends is shown to be primarily due to the use of different datasets and edge definitions and only secondarily due to varying start-end dates. This study also shows that the large trends (>similar to 1 degrees decade(-1)) previously reported in tropopause and OLR diagnostics are due to the use of subjective definitions based on absolute thresholds. Statistically significant Hadley cell expansion based on the mean meridional streamfunction of 1.0 degrees-1.5 degrees decade(-1) is found in three of four reanalyses that cover the full time period (1979-2009), whereas other diagnostics yield trends of -0.5 degrees-0.8 degrees decade(-1) that are mostly insignificant. There are indications of hemispheric and seasonal differences in the trends, but the differences are not statistically significant.
C1 [Davis, Sean M.; Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Davis, Sean M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Davis, SM (reprint author), Mail Stop R CSD-8,325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sean.m.davis@noaa.gov
RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270;
NR 47
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 3
U2 30
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 4
BP 1061
EP 1078
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00127.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 894HU
UT WOS:000300418500001
ER
PT J
AU Long, Z
Perrie, W
Tang, CL
Dunlap, E
Wang, J
AF Long, Z.
Perrie, W.
Tang, C. L.
Dunlap, E.
Wang, J.
TI Simulated Interannual Variations of Freshwater Content and Sea Surface
Height in the Beaufort Sea
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ICE MODEL; ARCTIC-OCEAN
AB The authors investigate the interannual variations of freshwater content (FWC) and sea surface height (SSH) in the Beaufort Sea, particularly their increases during 2004-09, using a coupled ice-ocean model (CIOM), adapted for the Arctic Ocean to simulate the interannual variations. The CIOM simulation exhibits a (relative) salinity minimum in the Beaufort Sea and a warm Atlantic water layer in the Arctic Ocean, which is similar to the Polar Hydrographic Climatology (PHC), and captures the observed FWC maximum in the central Beaufort Sea, and the observed variation and rapid decline of total ice concentration, over the last 30 years. The model simulations of SSH and FWC suggest a significant increase in the central Beaufort Sea during 2004-09. The simulated SSH increase is about 8 cm, while the FWC increase is about 2.5 m, with most of these increases occurring in the center of the Beaufort gyre. The authors show that these increases are due to an increased surface wind stress curl during 2004-09, which increased the FWC in the Beaufort Sea by about 0.63 m yr(-1) through Ekman pumping. Moreover, the increased surface wind is related to the interannual variation of the Arctic polar vortex at 500 hPa. During 2004-09, the polar vortex had significant weakness, which enhanced the Beaufort Sea high by affecting the frequency of synoptic weather systems in the region. In addition to the impacts of the polar vortex, enhanced melting of sea ice also contributes to the FWC increase by about 0.3 m yr(-1) during 2004-09.
C1 [Long, Z.; Perrie, W.; Tang, C. L.; Dunlap, E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
[Wang, J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Perrie, W (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
EM william.perrie@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
FU Federal International Polar Year (IPY) Office of Canada; NOAA
Russian-American Long-Term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) IPY
FX We want to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments,
which helped us improve our manuscript. Support for this research comes
from the Federal International Polar Year (IPY) Office of Canada. JW
also appreciates the support received from the NOAA Russian-American
Long-Term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) IPY modeling project.
NR 37
TC 10
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 4
BP 1079
EP 1095
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4121.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 894HU
UT WOS:000300418500002
ER
PT J
AU Wang, J
Bai, XZ
Hu, HG
Clites, A
Colton, M
Lofgren, B
AF Wang, Jia
Bai, Xuezhi
Hu, Haoguo
Clites, Anne
Colton, Marie
Lofgren, Brent
TI Temporal and Spatial Variability of Great Lakes Ice Cover, 1973-2010
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; LABRADOR SEA; BAFFIN-BAY;
HUDSON-BAY; MICHIGAN; WINTER; TELECONNECTIONS; TRENDS
AB In this study, temporal and spatial variability of ice cover in the Great Lakes are investigated using historical satellite measurements from 1973 to 2010. The seasonal cycle of ice cover was constructed for all the lakes, including Lake St. Clair. A unique feature found in the seasonal cycle is that the standard deviations (i.e., variability) of ice cover are larger than the climatological means for each lake. This indicates that Great Lakes ice cover experiences large variability in response to predominant natural climate forcing and has poor predictability. Spectral analysis shows that lake ice has both quasi-decadal and interannual periodicities of similar to 8 and similar to 4 yr. There was a significant downward trend in ice coverage from 1973 to the present for all of the lakes, with Lake Ontario having the largest, and Lakes Erie and St. Clair having the smallest. The translated total loss in lake ice over the entire 38-yr record varies from 37% in Lake St. Clair (least) to 88% in Lake Ontario (most). The total loss for overall Great Lakes ice coverage is 71%, while Lake Superior places second with a 79% loss. An empirical orthogonal function analysis indicates that a major response of ice cover to atmospheric forcing is in phase in all six lakes, accounting for 80.8% of the total variance. The second mode shows an out-of-phase spatial variability between the upper and lower lakes, accounting for 10.7% of the total variance. The regression of the first EOF-mode time series to sea level pressure, surface air temperature, and surface wind shows that lake ice mainly responds to the combined Arctic Oscillation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation patterns.
C1 [Wang, Jia; Clites, Anne; Colton, Marie; Lofgren, Brent] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Bai, Xuezhi; Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM jia.wang@noaa.gov
OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914
FU National Research Council Research Association; NOAA GLERL; U.S. EPA's
Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)
FX NCEP reanalysis data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder,
Colorado, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. This study
was supported by grants from National Research Council Research
Association Fellowship and NOAA GLERL. Support from U.S. EPA's Great
Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) to climate change and modeling
studies is appreciated. We appreciate Cathy Darnell for her editorial
assistance. We particularly thank Dr. John Lenters of University of
Nebraska-Lincoln for his valuable comments on the first draft of this
paper. We also sincerely thank two anonymous reviewers for their
constructive comments, which helped to improve the presentation of the
paper.
NR 25
TC 61
Z9 63
U1 7
U2 60
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 4
BP 1318
EP 1329
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4066.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 894HU
UT WOS:000300418500016
ER
PT J
AU Luo, ZJ
Kley, D
Johnson, RH
Liu, GY
Nawrath, S
Smit, HGJ
AF Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny
Kley, Dieter
Johnson, Richard H.
Liu, G. Y.
Nawrath, Susanne
Smit, Herman G. J.
TI Influence of Sea Surface Temperature on Humidity and Temperature in the
Outflow of Tropical Deep Convection
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-VAPOR FEEDBACK; ICE-SUPERSATURATED REGIONS; LARGE-SCALE ADVECTION;
UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CLIMATE; CIRRUS; MLS; PERFORMANCE; AIRCRAFT; SOUNDER
AB Multiple years of measurements of tropical upper-tropospheric temperature and humidity by the Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) project are analyzed in the vicinity of deep convective outflow to study the variations of temperature and humidity and to investigate the influence of the sea surface temperature (SST) on the outflow air properties. The principal findings are the following. 1) The distribution of relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) depends on where a convective system is sampled by the MOZAIC aircraft: deep inside the system, RHi is unimodal with the mode at similar to 114%; near the outskirts of the system, bimodal distribution of RHi starts to emerge with a dry mode at around 40% and a moist mode at 100%. The results are compared with previous studies using in situ measurements and model simulations. It is suggested that the difference in the RHi distribution can be explained by the variation of vertical motions associated with a convective system. 2) Analysis of MOZAIC data shows that a fractional increase of specific humidity with SST, q(-1) dq/dSTT, near the convective outflow is about 0.16-0.18 K-1. These values agree well with previous studies using satellite data. Because MOZAIC measurements of temperature and humidity are independent, the authors further analyze the SST dependence of RHi and temperature individually. Temperature increases with SST for both prevalent flight levels (238 and 262 hPa); RHi stays close to constant with respect to SST for 238 hPa but shows an increasing trend for the 262-hPa level. Analysis conducted in this study represents a unique observational basis against which model simulations of upper-tropospheric humidity and its connection to deep convection and SST can be evaluated.
C1 [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny; Liu, G. Y.] CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny; Liu, G. Y.] CUNY, City Coll New York, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Kley, Dieter; Johnson, Richard H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Nawrath, Susanne] Klimahaus Betriebsgesell mbH, Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Kley, Dieter; Smit, Herman G. J.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
RP Luo, ZJ (reprint author), CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM luo@sci.ccny.cuny.edu
RI Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012
OI Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0444244]; Forschungszentrum
Julich; NOAA [NA10NES4400004]; NASA MAP [NNX09AJ46G]
FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation
(NSF) under Grant ATM-0444244 and Forschungszentrum Julich, and
partially supported by NOAA Grant NA10NES4400004, which was awarded to
City College of New York, and NASA MAP Grant NNX09AJ46G, which was
awarded to the University of Michigan. We thank Gert Konig-Langlo from
the Alfred Wegener Institute for supplying R/V Polarstern data. The lead
author wishes to thank Dr. Xianglei Huang of the University of Michigan
for his helpful discussion.
NR 39
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 4
BP 1340
EP 1348
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4124.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 894HU
UT WOS:000300418500018
ER
PT J
AU Kogan, YL
Mechem, DB
Choi, K
AF Kogan, Yefim L.
Mechem, David B.
Choi, Kityan
TI Effects of Sea-Salt Aerosols on Precipitation in Simulations of Shallow
Cumulus
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; TRADE-WIND CUMULUS;
EARLY RADAR ECHOES; EXPLICIT MICROPHYSICS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; CONVECTION; GIANT
AB A suite of large-eddy simulations with size-resolving microphysical processes was performed in order to assess effects of sea-salt aerosols on precipitation process in trade cumulus. Simulations based on observations from the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign explored the effects of adding sea-salt nuclei in different size ranges by following the evolution of 369 cloud cells over the 24-h simulation period. The addition of large (small) sea-salt nuclei tends to accelerate (suppress) precipitation formation; however, in marine environments the sea-salt spectra always include a combination of both small (film) and large (jet) nuclei. When realistic sea-salt spectra are specified as a function of surface wind, the effect of the larger nuclei to enhance the precipitation predominates, and accumulated precipitation increases with wind speed. This effect, however, is strongly influenced by the choice of background CCN spectrum. Adding the same sea-salt specification to an environment with a higher background aerosol load results in a decrease in accumulated precipitation with increasing surface wind speed.
Results also suggest that the slope of the relationship between vertical velocity W and the concentration of embryonic precipitation particles at cloud base N-r may indicate the role of sea-salt nuclei. A negative slope (N-r decreasing with increasing W) points to the predominance of small sea-salt nuclei, in which larger updrafts activate a greater number of smaller cloud drops with smaller coalescence efficiencies, resulting in fewer embryonic rain drops. A positive slope, on the other hand, indicates the presence of large sea-salt nuclei, which are the source of embryonic rain drops.
C1 [Kogan, Yefim L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Kogan, Yefim L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[Mechem, David B.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Choi, Kityan] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Kogan, YL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM ykogan@ou.edu
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227, NA08OAR4320904]; U.S. Department of Commerce; ONR
[N00014-08-10681, N00014-11-10439, N00014-11-10518]; Office of Science
(BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER64062]; U.S. National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office
(CPO) [NA10OAR4310160]; University of Kansas [230211]; New Faculty
Startup funds
FX We thank an anonymous reviewer for very constructive comments. This
investigation was supported by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreements
NA17RJ1227 and NA08OAR4320904, the U.S. Department of Commerce, by the
ONR Grants N00014-08-10681 and N00014-11-10439, and by the Office of
Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-05ER64062, as
part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, U.S. Department
of Energy. Mechem was supported by U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office (CPO) Grant NA10OAR4310160,
ONR Grant N00014-11-10518, the University of Kansas General Research
Fund allocation 230211, and New Faculty Startup funds. The computing for
this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education
and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma.
NR 53
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 463
EP 483
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-031.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 885SI
UT WOS:000299800700004
ER
PT J
AU Huang, YH
Montgomery, MT
Wu, CC
AF Huang, Yi-Hsuan
Montgomery, Michael T.
Wu, Chun-Chieh
TI Concentric Eyewall Formation in Typhoon Sinlaku (2008). Part II:
Axisymmetric Dynamical Processes
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE STRUCTURE; HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; KALMAN FILTER
ENKF; ASSIMILATION; INTENSITY; ENSEMBLE; MODEL; DOTSTAR; TRACK
AB In Part I of this study, the association between the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) and the broadening of the outer swirling wind in Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) was documented.
The findings from Part I help lay the groundwork for the application of a newly proposed intensification paradigm to SEF. Part IT presents a new model for SEF that utilizes this new paradigm and its axisymmetric view of the dynamics. The findings point to a sequence of structure changes that occur in the vortex's outer-core region, culminating in SEF. The sequence begins with a broadening of the tangential winds, followed by an increase of the corresponding boundary layer (BL) inflow and an enhancement of convergence in the BL where the secondary eyewall forms. The narrow region of strong BL convergence is associated with the generation of supergradient winds in and just above the BL that acts to rapidly decelerate inflow there. The progressive strengthening of BL inflow and the generation of an effective adverse radial force therein leads to an eruption of air from the BL to support convection outside the primary eyewall in a favorable thermodynamic/kinematic environment.
The results suggest that the unbalanced response in the BL serves as an important mechanism for initiating and sustaining a ring of deep convection in a narrow supergradient wind zone outside the primary eyewall. This progressive BL control on SEF suggests that the BL scheme and its coupling to the interior flow need to be adequately represented in numerical models to improve the prediction of SEF timing and preferred location.
C1 [Huang, Yi-Hsuan; Wu, Chun-Chieh] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
[Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA.
RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw
OI Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537
FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC97-2111-M-002-016-MY3,
NSC98-2111-M-002-008-MY3, NSC98-2917-I-002-127]; Central Weather Bureau
of Taiwan [MOTC-CWB-97-6M-01, MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01]; Office of Naval
Research [N00173-08-1-G007]; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; U.S.
Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]
FX The work of CCW and YHH is supported by the National Science Council of
Taiwan through Grants NSC97-2111-M-002-016-MY3,
NSC98-2111-M-002-008-MY3, and NSC98-2917-I-002-127, the Central Weather
Bureau of Taiwan through Grants MOTC-CWB-97-6M-01 and MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01,
and the Office of Naval Research Grant N00173-08-1-G007. The work of MTM
was supported by a grant from NOAA's Hurricane Research Division to the
U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and the U.S. Office of Naval Research
Grant N001408WR20129. The authors thank Roger Smith for his perceptive
comments on a near-final draft of the manuscript. Valuable comments from
the three reviewers are also appreciated.
NR 31
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 2
BP 662
EP 674
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0114.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 885SI
UT WOS:000299800700015
ER
PT J
AU Cundiff, ST
AF Cundiff, Steven T.
TI Optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy of semiconductor
nanostructures [Invited]
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; HEAVY HOLE EXCITONS; PHOTON-ECHO; ELECTRONIC
SPECTROSCOPY; 4-WAVE-MIXING SIGNALS; QUASI-2-DIMENSIONAL EXCITONS;
POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; INTERACTING EXCITONS; LIGHT-HOLE; BEATS
AB Optical two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) spectroscopy has been developed over the last decade as a powerful tool for studying a variety of physical systems, ranging from atoms to molecules to solids. This review covers our use of 2DFT spectroscopy to study exciton dynamics in semiconductor nanostructures. In quantum wells, 2DFT spectroscopy confirms the importance of many-body contributions to the coherent optical response and reveals nonradiative double-quantum and Raman coherences. For natural quantum dots, 2DFT spectroscopy enables ensemble measurements of the homogeneous linewidth, including the temperature and density dependence. Relaxation from quantum well states into the quantum dots can also be studied using 2DFT spectroscopy.
C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
FU (U.S.) Department of Energy, and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Institute
of Standards and Technology
FX I would like to acknowledge the many members of my group who have worked
on two-dimensional Fourier transforms spectroscopy of semiconductors,
including Camelia Borca, Tianhao Zhang, Xiaoqin Li, Alan Bristow,
Xingcan Dai, Denis Karaiskaj, Galan Moody, Mark Siemens and Hebin Li. I
would also like to acknowledge the theoretical support from Peter
Thomas, Torsten Meier, Irina Kuztnesova, Shaul Mukamel, and Lijun Yang.
I acknowledge the samples provided by Richard Mirin, Daniel Gammon, and
Allan Bracker. This work was funded by the (U.S.) Department of Energy,
and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office
of Basic Energy Sciences and the National Institute of Standards and
Technology.
NR 101
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 27
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3224
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 2
BP A69
EP A81
PG 13
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 894DN
UT WOS:000300407300011
ER
PT J
AU Muralikrishnan, B
Stone, J
Shakarji, C
Stoup, J
AF Muralikrishnan, B.
Stone, J.
Shakarji, C.
Stoup, J.
TI Performing three-dimensional measurements on micro-scale features using
a flexible coordinate measuring machine fiber probe with ellipsoidal tip
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE fiber probe; ellipsoidal tip; micro-feature; micro-probing; low force
ID METROLOGY; SYSTEMS
AB The tip of a traditional coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe used for measurements of macro-scale artifacts is generally a sphere of excellent geometry. Its known diameter (from a prior calibration) and form, along with the known approach direction (which is normal to the surface), facilitate probe radius compensation in a straightforward manner. Neither of these conditions is valid for micro-scale measurements made with a flexible fiber probe on a CMM. This presents two challenges. The first involves the calibration of the probe's true size and shape. The second involves developing a method for compensating probe radius and form on measurement data from test artifacts. We describe these issues here in the context of an application involving three-dimensional measurements on micro-scale features (a conical section of 20 degrees half angle and a rounded tip of 38 mu m radius) performed with the NIST fiber probe (Muralikrishnan et al 2006 Precis. Eng. 30 154-64).
C1 [Muralikrishnan, B.; Stone, J.; Shakarji, C.; Stoup, J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM balam@nist.gov
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 12
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 23
IS 2
AR 025002
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/23/2/025002
PG 9
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 889FB
UT WOS:000300057900003
ER
PT J
AU Loeb, NG
Lyman, JM
Johnson, GC
Allan, RP
Doelling, DR
Wong, T
Soden, BJ
Stephens, GL
AF Loeb, Norman G.
Lyman, John M.
Johnson, Gregory C.
Allan, Richard P.
Doelling, David R.
Wong, Takmeng
Soden, Brian J.
Stephens, Graeme L.
TI Observed changes in top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and upper-ocean
heating consistent within uncertainty
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTHS ENERGY IMBALANCE; GLOBAL UPPER-OCEAN; SYSTEM; BUDGET; ERA
AB Global climate change results from a small yet persistent imbalance between the amount of sunlight absorbed by Earth and the thermal radiation emitted back to space(1). An apparent inconsistency has been diagnosed between interannual variations in the net radiation imbalance inferred from satellite measurements and upper-ocean heating rate from in situ measurements, and this inconsistency has been interpreted as 'missing energy' in the system(2). Here we present a revised analysis of net radiation at the top of the atmosphere from satellite data, and we estimate ocean heat content, based on three independent sources. We find that the difference between the heat balance at the top of the atmosphere and upper-ocean heat content change is not statistically significant when accounting for observational uncertainties in ocean measurements(3), given transitions in instrumentation and sampling. Furthermore, variability in Earth's energy imbalance relating to El Nino-Southern Oscillation is found to be consistent within observational uncertainties among the satellite measurements, a reanalysis model simulation and one of the ocean heat content records. We combine satellite data with ocean measurements to depths of 1,800 m, and show that between January 2001 and December 2010, Earth has been steadily accumulating energy at a rate of 0.50 +/- 0.43 Wm(-2) (uncertainties at the 90% confidence level). We conclude that energy storage is continuing to increase in the sub-surface ocean.
C1 [Loeb, Norman G.; Doelling, David R.; Wong, Takmeng] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Lyman, John M.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Allan, Richard P.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England.
[Soden, Brian J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Stephens, Graeme L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Loeb, NG (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM norman.g.loeb@nasa.gov
RI Allan, Richard/B-5782-2008; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Allan, Richard/0000-0003-0264-9447; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
FU NASA Science Mission Directorate; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Research
FX We thank the CERES science, algorithm, and data management teams and the
NASA Science Mission Directorate for supporting this research. J.M.L.
and G.C.J. were funded by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and NOAA Research. We thank
S. Good at the UK Met Office for providing OHCA data from the Hadley
Centre.
NR 30
TC 123
Z9 128
U1 5
U2 63
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 2
BP 110
EP 113
DI 10.1038/NGEO1375
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 893ZU
UT WOS:000300397300013
ER
PT J
AU Koren, I
Altaratz, O
Remer, LA
Feingold, G
Martins, JV
Heiblum, RH
AF Koren, Ilan
Altaratz, Orit
Remer, Lorraine A.
Feingold, Graham
Martins, J. Vanderlei
Heiblum, Reuven H.
TI Aerosol-induced intensification of rain from the tropics to the
mid-latitudes
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECIPITATION; CLOUDS; INVIGORATION; POLLUTION; AMAZON; URBAN
AB Atmospheric aerosols affect cloud properties, and thereby the radiation balance of the planet and the water cycle. However, the influence of aerosols on clouds, and in particular on precipitation, is far from understood(1), and seems to depend on factors such as location, season(2) and the spatiotemporal scale of the analysis. Here, we examine the relationship between aerosol abundance and rain rate-a key factor in climate and hydrological processes-using rain data from a satellite-based instrument sensitive to stronger rain rates (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(3), TRMM), aerosol and cloud property data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard the Aqua satellite(4,5) and meteorological information from the Global Data Assimilation System(6). We show that for a range of conditions, increases in aerosol abundance are associated with the local intensification of rain rates detected by the TRMM. The relationship is apparent over both the ocean and land, and in the tropics, subtropics and mid-latitudes. Further work is needed to determine how aerosols influence weaker rain rates, not picked up in the analysis. We also find that increases in aerosol levels are associated with a rise in cloud-top height. We suggest that the invigoration of clouds and the intensification of rain rates is a preferred response to an increase in aerosol concentration.
C1 [Koren, Ilan; Altaratz, Orit; Heiblum, Reuven H.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
[Remer, Lorraine A.] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, NASA, JCET,GSFC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265;
FU Israel Science Foundation [1172/10]; Minerva Foundation [780048]; NOAA
FX This work was supported in part by the Israel Science Foundation (grant
# 1172/10) and the Minerva Foundation (780048). G.F. acknowledges
support from NOAA's Climate Goal Program.
NR 30
TC 70
Z9 71
U1 4
U2 51
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 2
BP 118
EP 122
DI 10.1038/NGEO1364
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 893ZU
UT WOS:000300397300015
ER
PT J
AU Rakher, MT
Srinivasan, K
AF Rakher, Matthew T.
Srinivasan, Kartik
TI LASER PHYSICS All-atom parametric oscillator
SO NATURE PHOTONICS
LA English
DT News Item
ID ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; FEEDBACK
C1 [Rakher, Matthew T.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
[Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
EM matthew.rakher@unibas.ch; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov
RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011
OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1749-4885
EI 1749-4893
J9 NAT PHOTONICS
JI Nat. Photonics
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 6
IS 2
BP 73
EP 74
DI 10.1038/nphoton.2012.9
PG 3
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 894CF
UT WOS:000300403900003
ER
PT J
AU Kramida, A
Brown, CM
Feldman, U
Reader, J
AF Kramida, A.
Brown, C. M.
Feldman, U.
Reader, J.
TI Extension and new level optimization of the Ne IV spectrum
SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPLY IONIZED NEON; ENERGY-LEVELS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; LINES;
SPECTROSCOPY; FORBIDDEN
AB Spectra of Ne emitted by a Penning discharge were recorded in the extreme ultraviolet region between 140 and 359 angstrom on a 10.7 m grazing-incidence spectrograph with phosphor storage image plates. These spectra provided 33 newly identified lines of Ne IV and improved measurements of an additional 58 lines in this spectral region. In addition, 42 lines were newly identified in the previously observed spectra of a capillary discharge (Gallardo et al 2007 Spectrosc. Lett. 40 879) in the vacuum ultraviolet region between 586 and 1410 angstrom. Combining these new measurements and identifications with those previously reported in the literature, we derived 45 new energy levels of Ne IV and significantly improved the accuracy of most of the previously known ones.
C1 [Kramida, A.; Reader, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA.
[Brown, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA.
RP Kramida, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA.
EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov
OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087
FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy;
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX We are grateful to G Nave and C Sansonetti for their assistance in
conducting this research and to Yu Ralchenko for helpful discussions and
help in modeling the line intensities. The work at NIST was supported in
part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of
Energy and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The NRL
portion of this work was supported in part by the NASA-funded part of
the EIS Solar B program.
NR 39
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0031-8949
J9 PHYS SCRIPTA
JI Phys. Scr.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 2
AR 025303
DI 10.1088/0031-8949/85/02/025303
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 894EW
UT WOS:000300410800017
ER
PT J
AU He, YB
Zhang, ZJ
Xiang, SC
Wu, H
Fronczek, FR
Zhou, W
Krishna, R
O'Keeffe, M
Chen, BL
AF He, Yabing
Zhang, Zhangjing
Xiang, Shengchang
Wu, Hui
Fronczek, Frank R.
Zhou, Wei
Krishna, Rajamani
O'Keeffe, Michael
Chen, Banglin
TI High Separation Capacity and Selectivity of C2 Hydrocarbons over Methane
within a Microporous Metal-Organic Framework at Room Temperature
SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE gas separation; hydrocarbons; metal-organic frameworks; natural gas
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; KINETIC SEPARATION; COORDINATION POLYMERS;
ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; MOLECULES; DIFFUSION; MEMBRANE; MIXTURES; ETHANE
C1 [Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[He, Yabing; Zhang, Zhangjing; Xiang, Shengchang; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fronczek, Frank R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Krishna, R (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
EM r.krishna@uva.nl; Banglin.Chen@utsa.edu
RI Zhang, Zhangjing/A-1038-2011; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou,
Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012;
Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Krishna, Rajamani/A-1098-2012; Zhang,
Zhangjing/P-2680-2014
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen,
Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587;
Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530; Zhang,
Zhangjing/0000-0003-1264-7648
FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730]
FX This work was supported by an Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (B.C.)
NR 56
TC 67
Z9 67
U1 7
U2 72
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0947-6539
J9 CHEM-EUR J
JI Chem.-Eur. J.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 7
BP 1901
EP 1904
DI 10.1002/chem.201103927
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 886EE
UT WOS:000299834200005
PM 22262665
ER
PT J
AU Huang, BY
Xue, Y
Kumar, A
Behringer, DW
AF Huang, Boyin
Xue, Yan
Kumar, Arun
Behringer, David W.
TI AMOC variations in 1979-2008 simulated by NCEP operational ocean data
assimilation system
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic meridional overturning circulation; AMOC; Global ocean data
assimilation system; GODAS; North Atlantic oscillation; NAO; National
centers for environmental prediction; NCEP
ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;
MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE MODEL; PREDICTION; CENTURIES
AB Variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) between 1979 and 2008 are documented using the operational ocean analysis, the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS), at the National Centers for Climate Prediction (NCEP). The maximum AMOC at 40A degrees N is about 16 Sv in average with peak-to-peak variability of 3-4 Sv. The AMOC variations are dominated by an upward trend from 1980 to 1995, and a downward trend from 1995 to 2008. The maximum AMOC at 26.5A degrees N is slightly weaker than hydrographic estimates and observations from mooring array. The dominant variability of the AMOC in 20A degrees-65A degrees N (the first EOF, 51% variance) is highly correlated with that in the subsurface temperature (the first EOF, 33% variance), and therefore, with density (the first EOF, 25% variance) in the North Atlantic, and is consistent with the observational estimates based on the World Ocean Database 2005. The dominant variabilities of AMOC and subsurface temperature are also analyzed in the context of possible links with the net surface heat flux, deep convection, western boundary current, and subpolar gyre. Variation in the net surface heat flux is further linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index which is found to lead AMOC variations by about 5 years. Our results indicate that AMOC variations can be documented based on an ocean analysis system such as GODAS.
C1 [Huang, Boyin] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Huang, Boyin; Xue, Yan; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Behringer, David W.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Huang, BY (reprint author), Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM boyin.huang@noaa.gov
NR 43
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 3-4
BP 513
EP 525
DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1035-z
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 887BE
UT WOS:000299899300005
ER
PT J
AU Stavrou, A
Voas, J
Karygiannis, T
Quirolgico, S
AF Stavrou, Angelos
Voas, Jeffrey
Karygiannis, Tom
Quirolgico, Steve
TI Building Security into Off-the-Shelf Smartphones
SO COMPUTER
LA English
DT Article
AB Quantifying mobile application functionality and enforcing a finer-grained permission model would identify and thus thwart a wide range of malware.
C1 [Stavrou, Angelos] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Volgenau Sch Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Voas, Jeffrey; Karygiannis, Tom; Quirolgico, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stavrou, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Volgenau Sch Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM astavrou@gmu.edu; Jeffrey.m.voas@gmail.com; tom.karygiannis@nist.gov;
steveq@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 0018-9162
J9 COMPUTER
JI Computer
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 45
IS 2
BP 82
EP 84
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 889EY
UT WOS:000300057600026
ER
PT J
AU McMillan, JR
Dunham, JB
Reeves, GH
Mills, JS
Jordan, CE
AF McMillan, John R.
Dunham, Jason B.
Reeves, Gordon H.
Mills, Justin S.
Jordan, Chris E.
TI Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation
of rainbow and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Rainbow trout; Steelhead trout; Alternative male phenotypes; Resident
male maturity; Anadromy; Life history
ID SALMO-SALAR L; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; BODY-SIZE;
BROWN TROUT; BROOK CHARR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; WATER TEMPERATURE;
MATING SYSTEM; PARR
AB Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. To better understand the processes influencing the expression of these phenotypes we examined the influences of growth in length (fork length) and whole body lipid content in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were sampled from the John Day River basin in northeast Oregon where both anadromous ("steelhead") and freshwater resident rainbow trout coexist. Larger males with higher lipid levels had a greater probability of maturing as a resident at age-1+. Among males, 38% were maturing overall, and the odds ratios of the logistic model indicated that the probability of a male maturing early as a resident at age-1+ increased 49% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-81%) for every 5 mm increase in length and 33% (95% CI = 10-61%) for every 0.5% increase in whole body lipid content. There was an inverse association between individual condition and water temperature as growth was greater in warmer streams while whole body lipid content was higher in cooler streams. Our results support predictions from life history theory and further suggest that relationships between individual condition, maturation, and environmental variables (e.g., water temperature) are shaped by complex developmental and evolutionary influences.
C1 [McMillan, John R.; Mills, Justin S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA.
[Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Jordan, Chris E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Corvallis, OR USA.
RP McMillan, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM jmcmillan71@gmail.com
FU NOAA; USGS; USFS; North Umpqua Foundation
FX All sampling was conducted in accordance with the Oregon Department of
Fish and Wildlife permit # OR2007-3680 M1 approved by NOAA and USFWS
under the Endangered Species Act. Tim Unterwegner, Jim Ruzycki, Jeff
Neal, Shelly Miller, and Chris James at ODFW helped identify survey
locations and provided critical information on the John Day River basin.
Nick Weber, Ian Tattam, Jeremiah Leslie assisted in data collection.
Martin Fitzpatrick at USGS provided suggestions that improved the
methods and manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA, USGS, USFS, and
the North Umpqua Foundation. Use of trade or firm names is for reader
information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or
service by the U.S. Government.
NR 75
TC 23
Z9 22
U1 3
U2 50
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 3
BP 343
EP 355
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9921-0
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 885HC
UT WOS:000299768600004
ER
PT J
AU Hicks, BB
Callahan, WJ
Pendergrass, WR
Dobosy, RJ
Novakovskaia, E
AF Hicks, Bruce B.
Callahan, William J.
Pendergrass, William R., III
Dobosy, Ronald J.
Novakovskaia, Elena
TI Urban Turbulence in Space and in Time
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STREET CANYON; DISPERSION; WASHINGTON; PROJECT; TRACER; DC
AB The utility of aggregating data from near-surface meteorological networks for initiating dispersion models is examined by using data from the "WeatherBug" network that is operated by Earth Networks, Inc. Weather Bug instruments are typically mounted 2-3 m above the eaves of buildings and thus are more representative of the immediate surroundings than of conditions over the broader area. This study focuses on subnetworks of Weather Bug sites that are within circles of varying radius about selected stations of the DCNet program. DCNet is a Washington, D.C., research program of the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory. The aggregation of data within varying-sized circles of 3-10-km radius yields average velocities and velocity-component standard deviations that are largely independent of the number of stations reporting provided that number exceeds about 10. Given this finding, variances of wind-components are aggregated from arrays of Weather Bug stations within a 5-km radius of selected central DCNet locations, with on average 11 Weather Bug stations per array. The total variance of wind components from the surface (Weather Bug) subnetworks is taken to be the sum of two parts: the temporal variance is the average of the conventional wind-component variances at each site and the spatial variance is based on the velocity-component averages of the individual sites. These two variances (and the standard deviations derived from them) are found to be similar. Moreover, the total wind-component variance is comparable to that observed at the DCNet reference stations. The near-surface rooftop wind velocities are about 35% of the magnitudes of the DCNet measurements. Limited additional data indicate that these results can be extended to New York City.
C1 [Hicks, Bruce B.] Metcorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA.
[Callahan, William J.; Novakovskaia, Elena] Earth Networks Inc, Germantown, MD USA.
[Pendergrass, William R., III; Dobosy, Ronald J.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), Metcorps, POB 1510, Norris, TN 37828 USA.
EM hicks.metcorps@gmail.com
RI Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016; Pendergrass, William/C-9073-2016
OI Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774;
NR 15
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 2
BP 205
EP 218
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-015.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 889JQ
UT WOS:000300070400003
ER
PT J
AU Pichugina, YL
Banta, RM
Brewer, WA
Sandberg, SP
Hardesty, RM
AF Pichugina, Yelena L.
Banta, Robert M.
Brewer, W. Alan
Sandberg, Scott P.
Hardesty, R. Michael
TI Doppler Lidar-Based Wind-Profile Measurement System for Offshore
Wind-Energy and Other Marine Boundary Layer Applications
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL JET; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; CASES-99; EVOLUTION; VELOCITY
AB Accurate measurement of wind speed profiles aloft in the marine boundary layer is a difficult challenge. The development of offshore wind energy requires accurate information on wind speeds above the surface at least at the levels occupied by turbine blades. Few measured data are available at these heights, and the temporal and spatial behavior of near-surface winds is often unrepresentative of that at the required heights. As a consequence, numerical model data, another potential source of information, are essentially unverified at these levels of the atmosphere. In this paper, a motion-compensated, high-resolution Doppler lidar-based wind measurement system that is capable of providing needed information on offshore winds at several heights is described. The system has been evaluated and verified in several ways. A sampling of data from the 2004 New England Air Quality Study shows the kind of analyses and information available. Examples include time-height cross sections, time series, profiles, and distributions of quantities such as winds and shear. These analyses show that there is strong spatial and temporal variability associated with the wind field in the marine boundary layer. Winds near the coast show diurnal variations, and frequent occurrences of low-level jets are evident, especially during nocturnal periods. Persistent patterns of spatial variability in the flow field that are due to coastal irregularities should be of particular concern for wind-energy planning, because they affect the representativeness of fixed-location measurements and imply that some areas would be favored for wind-energy production whereas others would not.
C1 [Pichugina, Yelena L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Pichugina, Yelena L.; Banta, Robert M.; Brewer, W. Alan; Sandberg, Scott P.; Hardesty, R. Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Pichugina, YL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 385 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM yelena.pichugina@noaa.gov
RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; pichugina,
yelena/I-4141-2013; Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Banta,
Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAA; NEAQS; Advanced Sensor Application Program (ASAP)
FX We thank our colleagues Sara Tucker, Richard Marchbanks, Janet Machol,
Dan Law, Rob K. Newsom, and Brandi McCarty for long hours spent
collecting HRDL data on ship. Funding for this project was from the NOAA
Air Quality Program, NEAQS, and the Advanced Sensor Application Program
(ASAP).
NR 41
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 22
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
EI 1558-8432
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 2
BP 327
EP 349
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-040.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 889JQ
UT WOS:000300070400010
ER
PT J
AU Sun, NH
Weng, FZ
AF Sun, Ninghai
Weng, Fuzhong
TI Retrieval of Cloud Ice Water Path from Special Sensor Microwave
Imager/Sounder (SSMIS)
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SOUNDING UNIT;
PARTICLE-SIZE; 183 GHZ; PRECIPITATING CLOUDS; IMAGING RADIOMETER; RADAR
MEASUREMENTS; RAIN-RATE; FREQUENCIES
AB The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F-16 spacecraft measures the Earth-emitted radiation at frequencies from 19 to 183 GHz. From its high-frequency channels at 91 and 150 GHz, cloud microphysical parameters can be observed at a spatial resolution of 15 km. In this study, a simplified two-stream radiative transfer model is applied for microwave applications as a three-parameter equation and then used to retrieve the ice cloud water path (IWP) and ice particle effective diameter D-c. Since SSMIS is a conically scanning instrument, the retrieved IWP is less dependent on scan position and is a useful product for imaging atmospheric ice-phase clouds related to precipitation. Thus, IWP is also used to estimate surface rainfall rate through the same relationship derived previously and used in Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-B) and Microwave Humidity Sounder applications. The SSMIS-derived ice cloud products are compared with those from other microwave instruments on the MetOp-A satellite, and both agree well in their spatial distributions.
C1 [Sun, Ninghai] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Sun, Ninghai] IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), WWB Room 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov
RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600];
NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) CalVal
FX This work was jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and
Technology under 973 project "Assessment, Assimilation, Recompilation
and Applications of Fundamental and Thematic Climate Data Records"
(2010CB951600) and the NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and
Research (STAR) CalVal Program. The authors sincerely thank Clay
Davenport and Bob Kuligowski for preparing both GOES-12 image and
synthetic rainfall data for this study. The manuscript contents are
solely the opinions of the author(s) and do not constitute a statement
of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S.
government.
NR 53
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 2
BP 366
EP 379
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-021.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 889JQ
UT WOS:000300070400012
ER
PT J
AU Lawson, JR
AF Lawson, J. Randall
TI SFPE classic paper review: A review of classic work by Dr William J.
Parker on heat release rate measurements by oxygen consumption
SO JOURNAL OF FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Review
C1 [Lawson, J. Randall] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jrlfirefly@aol.com
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1042-3915
J9 J FIRE PROT ENG
JI J. Fire Prot. Eng.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 1
BP 5
EP 9
DI 10.1177/1042391511432532
PG 5
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 889DL
UT WOS:000300053600001
ER
PT J
AU Chen, RY
Cao, CY
AF Chen, Ruiyue
Cao, Changyong
TI Physical analysis and recalibration of MetOp HIRS using IASI for cloud
studies
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID OPERATIONAL CALIBRATION; LONGWAVE CHANNELS
AB The HIRS long-wave CO2 channels (702 cm(-1), 716.5 cm(-1), 731.7 cm(-1), and 748.8 cm(-1)) have been used by scientists for estimating cloud height and amount. However, spectral and radiometric biases in these HIRS channels significantly affect the accuracy and consistency of the level-1b data used. This study utilizes the MetOp IASI measurements to calibrate the long-wave CO2 channels of the HIRS on the same satellite. The radiance bias characteristics are displayed for a sample MetOp orbit. Detailed analysis is performed in an attempt to find the causes of the bias. The analysis consists of three steps. First, a thermal-equilibrium analysis of blackbody using the HIRS window channel reveals the blackbody of MetOp HIRS has a 0.14 K bias. Then, the effective Spectral Response Function (SRF) corrections are estimated for the three long-wave CO2 channels by minimizing the orbital bias variation, which is -0.13 cm(-1) for channel 4, 0.09 cm(-1) for channel 5, and -0.15 cm(-1) for channel 7. Channel brightness temperature dynamic range is found to be important for separating SRF versus nonlinearity effects. Finally, the nonlinearity effect is evaluated and the nonlinearity term is derived to reduce the orbital mean biases toward zero. The improved radiometric and spectral recalibration parameters are validated using 16 months of independent MetOp data, with very positive results, showing consistent performance. It is found that the HIRS biases relative IASI are generally within 0.1 K after the recalibration.
C1 [Chen, Ruiyue] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Chen, RY (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM ruiyue.chen@noaa.gov
RI chen, ruiyue/F-6708-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D03103
DI 10.1029/2011JD016427
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 887VQ
UT WOS:000299959900004
ER
PT J
AU Pollack, IB
Ryerson, TB
Trainer, M
Parrish, DD
Andrews, AE
Atlas, EL
Blake, DR
Brown, SS
Commane, R
Daube, BC
de Gouw, JA
Dube, WP
Flynn, J
Frost, GJ
Gilman, JB
Grossberg, N
Holloway, JS
Kofler, J
Kort, EA
Kuster, WC
Lang, PM
Lefer, B
Lueb, RA
Neuman, JA
Nowak, JB
Novelli, PC
Peischl, J
Perring, AE
Roberts, JM
Santoni, G
Schwarz, JP
Spackman, JR
Wagner, NL
Warneke, C
Washenfelder, RA
Wofsy, SC
Xiang, B
AF Pollack, I. B.
Ryerson, T. B.
Trainer, M.
Parrish, D. D.
Andrews, A. E.
Atlas, E. L.
Blake, D. R.
Brown, S. S.
Commane, R.
Daube, B. C.
de Gouw, J. A.
Dube, W. P.
Flynn, J.
Frost, G. J.
Gilman, J. B.
Grossberg, N.
Holloway, J. S.
Kofler, J.
Kort, E. A.
Kuster, W. C.
Lang, P. M.
Lefer, B.
Lueb, R. A.
Neuman, J. A.
Nowak, J. B.
Novelli, P. C.
Peischl, J.
Perring, A. E.
Roberts, J. M.
Santoni, G.
Schwarz, J. P.
Spackman, J. R.
Wagner, N. L.
Warneke, C.
Washenfelder, R. A.
Wofsy, S. C.
Xiang, B.
TI Airborne and ground-based observations of a weekend effect in ozone,
precursors, and oxidation products in the California South Coast Air
Basin
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; LOS-ANGELES-BASIN;
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION;
CARBON-MONOXIDE; WEEKDAY; GASOLINE; AIRCRAFT
AB Airborne and ground-based measurements during the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) field study in May/June 2010 show a weekend effect in ozone in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) consistent with previous observations. The well-known and much-studied weekend ozone effect has been attributed to weekend reductions in nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions, which affect ozone levels via two processes: (1) reduced ozone loss by titration and (2) enhanced photochemical production of ozone due to an increased ratio of non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to NOx. In accord with previous assessments, the 2010 airborne and ground-based data show an average decrease in NOx of 46 +/- 11% and 34 +/- 4%, respectively, and an average increase in VOC/NOx ratio of 48 +/- 8% and 43 +/- 22%, respectively, on weekends. This work extends current understanding of the weekend ozone effect in the SoCAB by identifying its major causes and quantifying their relative importance from the available CalNex data. Increased weekend production of a VOC-NOx oxidation product, peroxyacetyl nitrate, compared to a radical termination product, nitric acid, indicates a significant contribution from increased photochemical production on weekends. Weekday-to-weekend differences in the products of NOx oxidation show 45 +/- 13% and 42 +/- 12% more extensive photochemical processing and, when compared with odd oxygen (O-x = O-3 + NO2), 51 +/- 14% and 22 +/- 17% greater ozone production efficiency on weekends in the airborne and ground-based data, respectively, indicating that both contribute to higher weekend ozone levels in the SoCAB.
C1 [Pollack, I. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dube, W. P.; Frost, G. J.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Kofler, J.; Kuster, W. C.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Wagner, N. L.; Warneke, C.; Washenfelder, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Trainer, M.; Parrish, D. D.; Brown, S. S.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dube, W. P.; Frost, G. J.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Roberts, J. M.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Wagner, N. L.; Warneke, C.; Washenfelder, R. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Andrews, A. E.; Kofler, J.; Lang, P. M.; Novelli, P. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Commane, R.; Daube, B. C.; Kort, E. A.; Santoni, G.; Wofsy, S. C.; Xiang, B.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Flynn, J.; Grossberg, N.; Lefer, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA.
[Lueb, R. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
RP Pollack, IB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ilana.pollack@noaa.gov
RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Warneke,
Carsten/E-7174-2010; Xiang, Bin/E-8034-2012; Washenfelder,
Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Pollack,
Ilana/F-9875-2012; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012;
Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Perring,
Anne/G-4597-2013; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Commane,
Roisin/E-4835-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Gilman,
Jessica/E-7751-2010; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown,
Steven/I-1762-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Xiang, Bin/M-2812-2013;
Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Atlas,
Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012
OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Peischl,
Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Holloway,
John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Perring,
Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Commane,
Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Dube,
William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; de Gouw,
Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495
NR 65
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 3
U2 90
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D00V05
DI 10.1029/2011JD016772
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 887VQ
UT WOS:000299959900008
ER
PT J
AU Nagura, M
McPhaden, MJ
AF Nagura, Motoki
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI The dynamics of wind-driven intraseasonal variability in the equatorial
Indian Ocean
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN;
KELVIN WAVES; EL-NINO; CURRENTS; CIRCULATION; REFLECTION; MONSOON;
TOPEX/POSEIDON
AB Variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean on intraseasonal time scales (defined as periods of 30-110 days) is investigated using satellite and in situ observations and a simple analytical linear long-wave equatorial beta-plane model. Despite the extreme simplicity of the model, which includes just the two gravest baroclinic mode Kelvin waves and first meridional mode Rossby waves, simulated surface zonal velocity and sea surface height compare very well with observations. Both observations and model are characterized by a red shift in the velocity spectrum relative to the wind forcing spectrum, which is attributable to a combination of factors, including (1) the near resonant excitation of Kelvin waves by eastward propagating winds, (2) constructive interference between wind-forced waves and Rossby waves reflected from the eastern boundary, and (3) the favored excitation of low-frequency waves whose zonal wavelengths are long compared to the zonal fetch of the wind. We decomposed variability in two broad period bands, namely, 30-70 days and 70-110 days, for detailed analysis. At periods of 30-70 days, zonal velocity tends to be stationary in the directly forced region along the equator owing to the competing contributions of Kelvin and Rossby waves. In contrast, at 70-110 day periods, zonal velocity propagates westward despite eastward propagation of zonal wind stress because of the combined influence of eastern boundary generated and wind-forced Rossby waves. Kelvin waves reflected from the western boundary are negligibly small, indicating that basin mode resonances are not prominent as has been previously suggested.
C1 [Nagura, Motoki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Applicat Lab, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
[McPhaden, Michael J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Nagura, M (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Applicat Lab, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
EM nagura@jamstec.go.jp
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office
FX The authors thank Dennis Moore for his valuable insights on the theory
of equatorial wave dynamics. The authors would like to acknowledge the
insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers as well. We thank the
Coriolis Data Center for providing the gridded temperature and salinity
data set; Remote Sensing Systems for providing QSCAT data; the Ssalto/
Duacs (Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies) project for the
gridded SSH data; and Earth and Space Research for OSCAR velocity
analysis. NOAA's Climate Program Office supported production of this
manuscript. This is PMEL contribution 3599.
NR 46
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C02001
DI 10.1029/2011JC007405
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 887TV
UT WOS:000299954200003
ER
PT J
AU Groisman, PY
Knight, RW
Karl, TR
AF Groisman, Pavel Ya
Knight, Richard W.
Karl, Thomas R.
TI Changes in Intense Precipitation over the Central United States
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; HEAVY PRECIPITATION; SECULAR TRENDS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; COVER CHANGE; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; STREAMFLOW;
FREQUENCY; MOISTURE
AB In examining intense precipitation over the central United States, the authors consider only days with precipitation when the daily total is above 12.7 mm and focus only on these days and multiday events constructed from such consecutive precipitation days. Analyses show that over the central United States, a statistically significant redistribution in the spectra of intense precipitation days/events during the past decades has occurred. Moderately heavy precipitation events (within a 12.7-25.4 mm day(-1) range) became less frequent compared to days and events with precipitation totals above 25.4 mm. During the past 31 yr (compared to the 1948-78 period), significant increases occurred in the frequency of "very heavy" (the daily rain events above 76.2 mm) and extreme precipitation events (defined as daily and multiday rain events with totals above 154.9 mm or 6 in.), with up to 40% increases in the frequency of days and multiday extreme rain events. Tropical cyclones associated with extreme precipitation do not significantly contribute to the changes reported in this study. With time, the internal precipitation structure (e.g., mean and maximum hourly precipitation rates within each preselected range of daily or multiday event totals) did not noticeably change. Several possible causes of observed changes in intense precipitation over the central United States are discussed and/or tested.
C1 [Groisman, Pavel Ya; Knight, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, STG Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Groisman, PY (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, STG Inc, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM pasha.groisman@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX NOAA Climate Program Office provided support to this study. Thoughtful
recommendations of three anonymous reviewers helped us to significantly
improve the manuscript.
NR 63
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 4
U2 35
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 13
IS 1
BP 47
EP 66
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-039.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 890IN
UT WOS:000300138400003
ER
PT J
AU Kidd, C
Bauer, P
Turk, J
Huffman, GJ
Joyce, R
Hsu, KL
Braithwaite, D
AF Kidd, C.
Bauer, P.
Turk, J.
Huffman, G. J.
Joyce, R.
Hsu, K. -L.
Braithwaite, D.
TI Intercomparison of High-Resolution Precipitation Products over Northwest
Europe
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIRECT 4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; GLOBAL
PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; TROPICAL
RAINFALL; PART I; SATELLITE; ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL
AB Satellite-derived high-resolution precipitation products (HRPP) have been developed to address the needs of the user community and are now available with 0.25 degrees X 0.25 degrees (or less) subdaily resolutions. This paper evaluates a number of commonly available satellite-derived HRPPs covering northwest Europe over a 6-yr period. Precipitation products include the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing (CMORPH) technique, the CPC merged microwave technique, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) blended technique, and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) technique. In addition, the Geosynchronous Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) precipitation index (GPI) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) operational forecast model products are included for comparison. Surface reference data from the European radar network is used as ground truth, supported by the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) precipitation gauge analysis and gauge data over the United Kingdom. Measures of correlation, bias ratio, probability of detection, and false alarm ratio are used to evaluate the products. Results show that satellite products generally exhibit a seasonal cycle in correlation, bias ratio, probability of detection, and false alarm ratio, with poorer statistics during the winter. The ECMWF model also shows a seasonal cycle in the correlation, although the results are poorer during the summer, while the bias ratio, probability of detection, and false alarm ratio are consistent through all seasons. Importantly, all the satellite HRPPs underestimate precipitation over northwest Europe in all seasons.
C1 [Kidd, C.; Huffman, G. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20706 USA.
[Kidd, C.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Bauer, P.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Turk, J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Huffman, G. J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Joyce, R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Hsu, K. -L.; Braithwaite, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, Irvine, CA USA.
RP Kidd, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612-0, Greenbelt, MD 20706 USA.
EM chris.kidd@nasa.gov
RI Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Kidd, Christopher/H-9910-2014
OI Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308;
NR 59
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 3
U2 42
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 13
IS 1
BP 67
EP 83
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-042.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 890IN
UT WOS:000300138400004
ER
PT J
AU Matrosov, SY
AF Matrosov, Sergey Y.
TI Observations of Wintertime U.S. West Coast Precipitating Systems with
W-Band Satellite Radar and Other Spaceborne Instruments
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; RETRIEVALS; RAINFALL; PERFORMANCE;
CLOUDSAT
AB The potential of Cloud Sat W-band radar for observing wintertime storms affecting the West Coast of North America is evaluated. Storms having high hydrological impact often result from landfalls of "atmospheric rivers" ("ARs"), which are the narrow elongated regions of water vapor transport from the tropics. Cloud Sat measurements are used for retrievals of rain rate R and cloud ice water path (IWP) along the satellite ground track over ocean and land. These retrievals present quasi-instantaneous vertical cross sections of precipitating systems with high-resolution information about hydrometeors. This information is valuable in coastal areas with complex terrain where observations with existing instrumentation, including ground-based radars, are limited. Cloud Sat reflectivity enhancements [i.e., bright band (BB)] present a way to estimate freezing levels, indicating transitions between rainfall and snowfall. Cloud Sat estimates of these levels were validated using data from radiosonde soundings and compared to model and microwave sounder data. Comparisons of Cloud Sat retrievals of rain rates with estimates from ground-based radars in the areas where measurements from these radars were available indicated an agreement within retrieval uncertainties, which were around 50%. The utility of Cloud Sat was illustrated for case studies of pronounced AR events at landfall and over ocean. Initial analysis of Cloud Sat crossings of ARs during the 2006/07 season were used for rainfall regime prevalence assessment. It indicated that stratiform rain, which often had BB features, warm rain, and mixed rain were observed with about 26%, 24%, and 50% frequency. Stratiform regions generally had higher rain rates. Significant correlation (similar to 0.72) between mean values of IWP and rain rate was observed for stratiform rainfall.
C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov
FU CalWater project; [NNX10AM35G]
FX The author is thankful to Drs. F. M. Ralph, P. J. Neiman, G. A. Wick,
and D. Jackson for useful discussions regarding the utility of Cloud Sat
data for AR research. D. Jackson provided the MIRS data files. Drs. P.
J. Neiman and G. A. Wick maintain a log of the days when ARs were
affecting the West Coast. This study was funded in part by the Project
NNX10AM35G and the CalWater project.
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
EI 1525-7541
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 13
IS 1
BP 223
EP 238
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-10-05025.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 890IN
UT WOS:000300138400013
ER
PT J
AU Dettinger, MD
Ralph, FM
Hughes, M
Das, T
Neiman, P
Cox, D
Estes, G
Reynolds, D
Hartman, R
Cayan, D
Jones, L
AF Dettinger, Michael D.
Ralph, F. Martin
Hughes, Mimi
Das, Tapash
Neiman, Paul
Cox, Dale
Estes, Gary
Reynolds, David
Hartman, Robert
Cayan, Daniel
Jones, Lucy
TI Design and quantification of an extreme winter storm scenario for
emergency preparedness and planning exercises in California
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Storm hazards; California; Flood; Scenario; Emergency preparedness;
Disaster management
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; FLUXES;
PARAMETERIZATION; REANALYSIS
AB The USGS Multihazards Project is working with numerous agencies to evaluate and plan for hazards and damages that could be caused by extreme winter storms impacting California. Atmospheric and hydrological aspects of a hypothetical storm scenario have been quantified as a basis for estimation of human, infrastructure, economic, and environmental impacts for emergency-preparedness and flood-planning exercises. In order to ensure scientific defensibility and necessary levels of detail in the scenario description, selected historical storm episodes were concatentated to describe a rapid arrival of several major storms over the state, yielding precipitation totals and runoff rates beyond those occurring during the individual historical storms. This concatenation allowed the scenario designers to avoid arbitrary scalings and is based on historical occasions from the 19th and 20th Centuries when storms have stalled over the state and when extreme storms have arrived in rapid succession. Dynamically consistent, hourly precipitation, temperatures, barometric pressures (for consideration of storm surges and coastal erosion), and winds over California were developed for the so-called ARkStorm scenario by downscaling the concatenated global records of the historical storm sequences onto 6- and 2-km grids using a regional weather model of January 1969 and February 1986 storm conditions. The weather model outputs were then used to force a hydrologic model to simulate ARkStorm runoff, to better understand resulting flooding risks. Methods used to build this scenario can be applied to other emergency, nonemergency and non-California applications.
C1 [Dettinger, Michael D.; Cayan, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Ralph, F. Martin; Hughes, Mimi; Neiman, Paul] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Cox, Dale] US Geol Survey, Multihazards Demonstrat Program, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Estes, Gary] Calif Extreme Precipitat Symposium, Auburn, CA USA.
[Reynolds, David] Natl Weather Serv, Monterey, CA USA.
[Hartman, Robert] NOAA, NWS Calif Nevada River Forecast Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Jones, Lucy] US Geol Survey, Multihazards Demonstrat Program, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
RP Dettinger, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM mdettinger@ucsd.edu
RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009
OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289
FU Delta Science Program; National Research Council at NOAA; USGS
FX Thanks to Andrew W. Wood, Alan F. Hamlet, Dennis Lettenmaier, for VIC
model, forcings, and parameters. The Delta Science Program's
postdoctoral fellowship provided partial salary support for TD, and
support for MH was received from a National Research Council
postdoctoral award at NOAA and the USGS Multihazards Program.
NR 49
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
J9 NAT HAZARDS
JI Nat. Hazards
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 60
IS 3
BP 1085
EP 1111
DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9894-5
PG 27
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 887UT
UT WOS:000299957100017
ER
PT J
AU Lindstrom, RM
Fischbach, E
Buncher, JB
Jenkins, JH
Yue, A
AF Lindstrom, Richard M.
Fischbach, Ephraim
Buncher, John B.
Jenkins, Jere H.
Yue, Andrew
TI "Absence of a self-induced decay effect in Au-198" (vol 659, pg 269,
2011)
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Lindstrom, Richard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fischbach, Ephraim] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Buncher, John B.] Wittenberg Univ, Dept Phys, Springfield, OH 45501 USA.
[Jenkins, Jere H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Yue, Andrew] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM richard.Lindstrom@nist.gov
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 664
IS 1
BP 231
EP 231
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.014
PG 1
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 882VM
UT WOS:000299592000030
ER
PT J
AU Kline, JS
Vissers, MR
da Silva, FCS
Wisbey, DS
Weides, M
Weir, TJ
Turek, B
Braje, DA
Oliver, WD
Shalibo, Y
Katz, N
Johnson, BR
Ohki, TA
Pappas, DP
AF Kline, Jeffrey S.
Vissers, Michael R.
da Silva, Fabio C. S.
Wisbey, David S.
Weides, Martin
Weir, Terence J.
Turek, Benjamin
Braje, Danielle A.
Oliver, William D.
Shalibo, Yoni
Katz, Nadav
Johnson, Blake R.
Ohki, Thomas A.
Pappas, David P.
TI Sub-micrometer epitaxial Josephson junctions for quantum circuits
SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; FABRICATION; BARRIERS
AB We present a fabrication scheme and testing results for epitaxial sub-micrometer Josephson junctions. The junctions are made using a high-temperature (1170 K) 'via process' yielding junctions as small as 0.8 mu m in diameter by use of optical lithography. Sapphire (Al2O3) tunnel-barriers are grown on an epitaxial Re/Ti multilayer base-electrode. We have fabricated devices with both Re and Al top-electrodes. While room temperature (295 K) resistance versus area data are favorable for both types of top-electrodes, the low-temperature (50 mK) data show that junctions with the Al top-electrode have a much higher subgap resistance. The microwave loss properties of the junctions have been measured by use of superconducting Josephson junction qubits. The results show that high subgap resistance correlates with improved qubit performance.
C1 [Kline, Jeffrey S.; Vissers, Michael R.; da Silva, Fabio C. S.; Wisbey, David S.; Weides, Martin; Pappas, David P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Weir, Terence J.; Turek, Benjamin; Braje, Danielle A.; Oliver, William D.] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA.
[Shalibo, Yoni; Katz, Nadav] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Johnson, Blake R.; Ohki, Thomas A.] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Kline, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jeffrey.kline@NIST.gov; david.pappas@NIST.gov
RI Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009
OI Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795
FU NIST Quantum Information initiative; Office of the Director of National
Intelligence (ODNI)
FX We gratefully acknowledge the fabrication assistance of Farnaz Farhoodi.
The devices were fabricated at NIST. Room temperature junction
measurements were performed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The phase qubit
measurements were made at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the
transmon measurements were made at Raytheon BBN Technologies. This work
was funded by the NIST Quantum Information initiative and the Office of
the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) through the Intelligence
Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). All statements of fact,
opinion, or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and
should not be construed as representing the official views or policies
of ODNI or IARPA.
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 16
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-2048
EI 1361-6668
J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH
JI Supercond. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 2
AR 025005
DI 10.1088/0953-2048/25/2/025005
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 887VB
UT WOS:000299958000005
ER
PT J
AU He, T
Wu, H
Wu, GT
Wang, JH
Zhou, W
Xiong, ZT
Chen, JE
Zhang, T
Chen, P
AF He, Teng
Wu, Hui
Wu, Guotao
Wang, Junhu
Zhou, Wei
Xiong, Zhitao
Chen, Juner
Zhang, Tao
Chen, Ping
TI Borohydride hydrazinates: high hydrogen content materials for hydrogen
storage
SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LITHIUM BOROHYDRIDE; AMMONIA-BORANE; CATALYTIC
DECOMPOSITION; MAGNESIUM BOROHYDRIDE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; METAL
AMIDOBORANES; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; ALKALI; LIBH4
AB A new class of hydrogen storage materials, borohydride hydrazinates, was successfully synthesized. In particular, the bidentate NH2NH2 coordinates with LiBH4 in molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 giving rise to a monoclinic LiBH4 center dot NH2NH2 and orthorhombic LiBH4 center dot 2NH(2)NH(2), respectively. Around 13.0 wt% H-2 can be released from LiBH4 center dot NH2NH2 at 140 degrees C in the presence of Fe-B catalysts.
C1 [He, Teng; Wu, Guotao; Wang, Junhu; Xiong, Zhitao; Chen, Juner; Zhang, Tao; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP He, T (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, Peoples R China.
EM pchen@dicp.ac.cn
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Juner/D-2913-2015;
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Yang,
Shuman/0000-0002-9638-0890
FU CAS [KGCX2-YW-806, KJCX2-YW-H21]; 973 Project [2010CB631304]
FX We would like to acknowledge the financial supports from the Hundred
Talents Project and Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KGCX2-YW-806
and KJCX2-YW-H21) and 973 (2010CB631304) Project. XAFS and high
resolution XRD experiments were performed in Shanghai Synchrotron
Radiation Facility.
NR 53
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 7
U2 61
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1754-5692
J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI
JI Energy Environ. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 2
BP 5686
EP 5689
DI 10.1039/c2ee03205h
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical;
Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 881QV
UT WOS:000299502300017
ER
PT J
AU Furui, S
Fiscus, J
Friedland, G
Hain, T
AF Furui, Sadaoki
Fiscus, Jonathan
Friedland, Gerald
Hain, Thomas
TI Introduction to the Special Section on New Frontiers in Rich
Transcription
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Furui, Sadaoki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528552, Japan.
[Fiscus, Jonathan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Friedland, Gerald] Int Comp Sci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
[Hain, Thomas] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, S Yorkshire, England.
RP Furui, S (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528552, Japan.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1558-7916
J9 IEEE T AUDIO SPEECH
JI IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 2
BP 353
EP 355
DI 10.1109/TASL.2011.2175039
PG 3
WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Acoustics; Engineering
GA 881XR
UT WOS:000299525800001
ER
PT J
AU Ainsworth, CH
Morzaria-Luna, HN
Kaplan, IC
Levin, PS
Fulton, EA
AF Ainsworth, Cameron H.
Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini
Kaplan, Isaac C.
Levin, Phillip S.
Fulton, Elizabeth A.
TI Full compliance with harvest regulations yields ecological benefits:
Northern Gulf of California case study
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantis; compliance; ecosystem model; ecosystem-based management; Gulf
of California; illegal fishing; IUU; marine protected area
ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; VAQUITA PHOCOENA-SINUS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
ECOSYSTEM MODELS; CONSERVATION; MEXICO; ENFORCEMENT; CHALLENGES;
KNOWLEDGE; RESERVES
AB 1. The Northern Gulf of California is an ecologically important marine area with a high degree of biodiversity, endemism and productivity. Mounting conservation concerns have prompted researchers to propose new management regulations, restricting fishing and protecting sensitive species. Compliance with existing regulations is poor. Rules that are currently in place, if followed, may go a long way towards achieving the ecological goals of management.
2. We conduct a review of existing fisheries regulations in this area. Then, using a spatially explicit marine ecosystem model (Atlantis), we estimate the benefits of compliance with existing fisheries regulations.
3. Under a full compliance scenario, we find large increases in protected species biomass within 25 years and a slowed rate of ecosystem degradation because of fishing. However, full compliance costs the fishing industry about 30% of its annual revenue.
4. We parse out the benefits offered by management instruments (including spatial management protections, seasonal fishery closures, gear restrictions, cessation of illegal fishing and vessel buy-out programmes) and conclude that a suite of measures is needed to address major conservation objectives.
5. Synthesis and applications. This exercise quantifies the benefits of improved fisheries enforcement and provides a benchmark by which the value of future regulatory amendments can be assessed. Where compliance with existing regulations is poor, conservation goals may be better served by strengthening enforcement than by enacting new rules and legislation.
C1 [Ainsworth, Cameron H.] Marine Resources Assessment Grp MRAG Amer Inc, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini] Frank Orth & Associates, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Div Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
RP Ainsworth, CH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM ainsworth@.usf.edu
RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008
OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX This project was funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.
PAN-GAS members provided useful input on scenario development: J. Torre
(COBI A. C.), W. Shaw, M. Moreno Baez and T. Pfister (The University of
Arizona), R. Cudney-Bueno (Packard Foundation), P. Turk-Boyer, R.
Loaiza-Villanueva and I. Martinez-Tovar (CEDO Intercultural), A. Cinti
(The University of Arizona), P. Raimondi (University of California-Santa
Cruz), E. Torreblanca and G. Danemann (PRONATURA A. C.). M. Moreno-Baez
and C. Moreno provided data on fishers' interviews and logbooks. The
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation supported improvements to the Atlantis
code base.
NR 52
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 1
BP 63
EP 72
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02064.x
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 877CJ
UT WOS:000299153800009
ER
PT J
AU Lau, NC
Nath, MJ
AF Lau, Ngar-Cheung
Nath, Mary Jo
TI A Model Study of the Air-Sea Interaction Associated with the
Climatological Aspects and Interannual Variability of the South Asian
Summer Monsoon Development
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO EVENTS; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE;
ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; INDIAN-OCEAN; ENSO; PACIFIC; ONSET; RAINFALL;
PREDICTABILITY
AB The climatological characteristics and interannual variations of the development of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) in early summer are studied using output from a 200-yr simulation of a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (CM2.1). Some of the model results are compared with corresponding observations. Climatological charts of the model and observational data at pentadal intervals indicate that both the precipitation and SST signals exhibit a tendency to migrate northward. Enhanced monsoonal precipitation at a given site is accompanied by a reduction in incoming shortwave radiation and intensification of upward latent heat flux, and by oceanic cooling.
An extended empirical orthogonal function analysis is used to identify the dates for initiation of the northward march of SASM in individual summers. It is noted that early monsoon development prevails after the mature phase of La Nina events, whereas delayed development occurs after El Nino.
Sensitivity experiments based on the atmospheric component of CM2.1 indicate that the effects of SST forcings in the tropical Pacific (TPAC) and Indian Ocean (IO) on monsoon development are opposite to each other. During El Nino events, the atmospheric response to remote TPAC forcing tends to suppress or postpone monsoon development over South Asia. Conversely, the warm SST anomalies in IO, which are generated by the "atmospheric bridge" mechanism in El Nino episodes, lead to accelerated monsoon development. The net result of these two competing effects is an evolution scenario with a timing that is intermediate between the response to TPAC forcing only and the response to IO forcing only.
C1 [Lau, Ngar-Cheung; Nath, Mary Jo] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Lau, NC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM gabriel.lau@noaa.gov
NR 40
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 3
BP 839
EP 857
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00035.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 885SG
UT WOS:000299800500002
ER
PT J
AU Landsea, CW
Feuer, S
Hagen, A
Glenn, DA
Sms, J
Perez, R
Chenoweth, M
Anderson, N
AF Landsea, Christopher W.
Feuer, Steve
Hagen, Andrew
Glenn, David A.
Sms, Jamese
Perez, Ramon
Chenoweth, Michael
Anderson, Nicholas
TI A Reanalysis of the 1921-30 Atlantic Hurricane Database
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTENSITY; LANDFALL; FLORIDA
AB A reanalysis of the Atlantic basin tropical storm and hurricane database ("best track") for the period from 1921 to 1930 has been completed. This reassessment of the main archive for tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico was necessary to correct systematic biases and random errors in the data as well as to search for previously unrecognized systems. The methodology for the reanalysis process for revising the track and intensity of tropical cyclone data has been detailed in a previous paper on the reanalysis. The 1921-30 dataset now includes several new tropical cyclones, excludes one system previously considered a tropical storm, makes generally large alterations in the intensity estimates of most tropical cyclones (both toward stronger and weaker intensities), and typically adjusts existing tracks with minor corrections. Average uncertainty in intensity and track values is estimated for both open-ocean conditions as well as landfalling systems. Highlights are given for changes to the more significant hurricanes to impact the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean for this decade.
C1 [Landsea, Christopher W.; Feuer, Steve] NOAA NWS NCEP Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
[Hagen, Andrew; Anderson, Nicholas] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA.
[Glenn, David A.] NOAA NWS WFO Morehead City, Morehead City, NC USA.
[Sms, Jamese] NOAA NWS NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Perez, Ramon] Inst Meteorol, Havana, Cuba.
RP Landsea, CW (reprint author), NOAA MVS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
EM chris.landsea@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Climate Program Office
FX This work has been sponsored by a grant from the NOAA Climate Program
Office on "Reanalysis of the Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Database in
the Modern Era." The authors thank the current Best Track Change
Committee (chair, Jack Beven; Eric Blake; Todd Kimberlain; Richard
Pasch; Gladys Rubio; and Eric Uhlhorn) and past members (Lixion Avila,
Hugh Cobb, Jim Gross, Brian Jarvinen, Colin McAdie, and Ed Rappaport)
for their encouragement and detailed suggestions that have helped to
quality control the thousands of alterations and additions to HURDAT.
Special thanks for their individual contributions toward this project
for this era are also given to Sim Aberson, James Belanger, Auguste
Boissonnade and Risk Management Solutions, Emery Boose, Gil Clark,
Daniel Gladstein, Mark Jelinek, Cary Mock, Charlie Neumann, Ricardo
Preito, David Roth, Jose Sanchez-Sesma, Al Sandrik, Donna Strahan, and
Mark Zimmer. Joan David kindly provided the track map figures utilized
in this paper.
NR 32
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 3
BP 865
EP 885
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00026.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 885SG
UT WOS:000299800500004
ER
PT J
AU Wagner, CA
McAdoo, DC
AF Wagner, Carl A.
McAdoo, David C.
TI Error calibration of geopotential harmonics in recent and past
gravitational fields
SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY
LA English
DT Article
DE Geopotential harmonic coefficients; Gravitational field models of the
earth; Error calibration; Satellite gradiometry
ID RECOVERY; MODELS
AB The geopotential coefficients of a number of recent and past models have been examined with the aim of calibrating their formal (or published) errors, principally by direct comparison with the same coefficients of a precise and wholly independent satellite-only reference field determined (in 2010) predominantly from over 7 years of mu/s low-low GRACE inter-satellite range rate observations (ITG-GRACE2010S). In all of these comparisons the reference field used, over specified spectral ranges, has much smaller reported errors than the ones to be calibrated. In particular we find that a recently published field (in 2010) using gravity gradient and position data from ESA's GOCE satellite, GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R1, has formal errors which are significantly optimistic for the lowest degrees (n) but with increasing realism where the gradiometer gains influence over the position information (15 < n < 120). Other GOCE models do not afford an unbiased error calibration. Validating error calibration with the independent reference model, of two past comprehensive fields (containing both satellite and surface data), confirms that one of them (JGM3, published in 1994, complete to n = 70) reported generally realistic formal errors while another (EGM96, published in 1998, complete to n = 360, tested only for n < 150) had significantly optimistic ones for most n < 100 but with better realism when affected only by the surface information.
C1 [Wagner, Carl A.; McAdoo, David C.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Wagner, CA (reprint author), 2801 Roesh Way, Vienna, VA USA.
EM carl.wagner2@verizon.net
RI McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010
OI McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564
NR 20
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0949-7714
J9 J GEODESY
JI J. Geodesy
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 86
IS 2
BP 99
EP 108
DI 10.1007/s00190-011-0494-7
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
GA 881XH
UT WOS:000299524800002
ER
PT J
AU Chovitz, B
AF Chovitz, Bernard
TI Soren Werner Henriksen (1916-2011) Obituary
SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Chovitz, Bernard] Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0949-7714
J9 J GEODESY
JI J. Geodesy
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 86
IS 2
BP 162
EP 163
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
GA 881XH
UT WOS:000299524800007
ER
PT J
AU Nave, G
AF Nave, Gillian
TI Wavelengths of Fe II lines for studies of time variation of the
fine-structure constant
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic data; ultraviolet: general
ID ACCURATE LABORATORY WAVELENGTHS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER;
VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CALIBRATION; SPECTRUM;
MULTIPLET; RELEVANT
AB Ritz wavelengths of 27 spectral lines of Fe ii have been obtained from energy levels derived from Fourier transform spectra. The lines selected are observable in absorption spectra from quasi-stellar objects and are important for astronomical tests of the invariance of the fine-structure constant on a cosmological time-scale. By comparing the wavelength calibration in this paper with that of previously published measurements, wavelengths for 21 lines of Mg i, Mg ii, Cr ii, Ti ii, Mn ii, Ni ii and Zn ii have been placed on a scale consistent with the Fe ii Ritz values.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nave, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gnave@nist.gov
FU NASA inter-agency [NNH10AN38I]
FX This work was partially supported by NASA inter-agency agreement
NNH10AN38I.
NR 30
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-8711
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 420
IS 2
BP 1570
EP 1574
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20143.x
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 880OU
UT WOS:000299417600050
ER
PT J
AU Guan, B
Waliser, DE
Molotch, NP
Fetzer, EJ
Neiman, PJ
AF Guan, Bin
Waliser, Duane E.
Molotch, Noah P.
Fetzer, Eric J.
Neiman, Paul J.
TI Does the Madden-Julian Oscillation Influence Wintertime Atmospheric
Rivers and Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada?
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTREME PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; SATELLITE; RETRIEVALS; WASHINGTON;
REANALYSIS; MOUNTAINS; FREQUENCY; CALJET; FLOODS
AB The relationships between the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), activities of atmospheric rivers (ARs), and the resulting snowpack accumulation in the California Sierra Nevada, are analyzed based on 13 yr of observations for water years 1998-2010 inclusive. The AR activity, as measured by the number of high-impact ARs, mean per event snow water equivalent (SWE) changes, and the cumulative SWE changes, is shown to be significantly augmented when MJO convection is active over the far western tropical Pacific (phase 6 on the Wheeler-Hendon diagram). The timing of high-impact ARs (early- versus late-winter occurrences) also appears to be regulated by the MJO.
Total snow accumulation in the Sierra Nevada (i.e., AR and non-AR accumulation combined) is most significantly increased when MJO convection is active over the eastern Indian Ocean (phase 3), and reduced when MJO convection is active over the Western Hemisphere (phase 8), with the magnitude of the daily anomaly being roughly half the cold-season mean daily snow accumulation over many snow sensor sites. The positive (negative) SWE anomaly is accompanied by a cold (warm) surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly and an onshore (offshore) water vapor flux anomaly. The contrasting SAT anomaly patterns associated with MJO phases 3 and 8, revealed by the in situ observations, are more realistically represented in the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder retrievals than in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis.
C1 [Guan, Bin; Waliser, Duane E.; Molotch, Noah P.; Fetzer, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Guan, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 233-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM bin.guan@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Guan, Bin/F-6735-2010; Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009
FU NASA [NNX08AH18G]; NSF [EAR 1032295]; ARRA; Water Resources Area of the
NASA
FX This research was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AH18G, NSF Grant EAR
1032295, and by ARRA funds. Additional support was provided by the Water
Resources Area of the NASA Applied Sciences Program. Thanks go to K.
Weickmann, R. Wood, P. Webster, I.-S. Kang, J. Wallace, and G. Kiladis
for helpful discussions and comments; and to F. Ralph for his
encouragement. DEW's, EJF's, and BG's contribution, and part of NPM's
contribution, to this study were carried out on behalf of the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 38
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 26
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 2
BP 325
EP 342
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00087.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 886JI
UT WOS:000299850300001
ER
PT J
AU Moore, BJ
Neiman, PJ
Ralph, FM
Barthold, FE
AF Moore, Benjamin J.
Neiman, Paul J.
Ralph, F. Martin
Barthold, Faye E.
TI Physical Processes Associated with Heavy Flooding Rainfall in Nashville,
Tennessee, and Vicinity during 1-2 May 2010: The Role of an Atmospheric
River and Mesoscale Convective Systems
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC JET STREAKS; LOW-LEVEL JETS; EXTREME
PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL MOISTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; PACIFIC-OCEAN;
GREAT-PLAINS; EVENTS; SATELLITE
AB A multiscale analysis is conducted in order to examine the physical processes that resulted in prolonged heavy rainfall and devastating flash flooding across western and central Tennessee and Kentucky on 1-2 May 2010, during which Nashville, Tennessee, received 344.7 mm of rainfall and incurred 11 flood-related fatalities. On the synoptic scale, heavy rainfall was supported by a persistent corridor of strong water vapor transport rooted in the tropics that was manifested as an atmospheric river (AR). This AR developed as water vapor was extracted from the eastern tropical Pacific and the Caribbean Sea and transported into the central Mississippi Valley by a strong southerly low-level jet (LLJ) positioned between a stationary lee trough along the eastern Mexico coast and a broad, stationary subtropical ridge positioned over the southeastern United States and the subtropical Atlantic. The AR, associated with substantial water vapor content and moderate convective available potential energy, supported the successive development of two quasi-stationary mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) on 1 and 2 May, respectively. These MCSs were both linearly organized and exhibited back-building and echo-training, processes that afforded the repeated movement of convective cells over the same area of western and central Tennessee and Kentucky, resulting in a narrow band of rainfall totals of 200-400 mm. Mesoscale analyses reveal that the MCSs developed on the warm side of a slow-moving cold front and that the interaction between the southerly LLJ and convectively generated outflow boundaries was fundamental for generating convection.
C1 [Moore, Benjamin J.; Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Moore, Benjamin J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Barthold, Faye E.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Barthold, Faye E.] NOAA, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Moore, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mail Code R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM benjamin.moore@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX The authors thank Bob Zamora (NOAA/ESRL), Dr. John Brown (NOAA/ESRL),
Dr. Thomas Galarneau (NCAR), Dr. Kelly Mahoney (NOAA/ESRL), Ellen
Sukovich (CIRES/NOAA/ESRL), and Michael Bodner (HPC) for their helpful
comments and suggestions regarding this research. The authors also thank
Dr. Russ Schumacher (Colorado State University) and two anonymous
reviewers for their thoughtful comments, which greatly improved the
quality of this manuscript. Dr. Jason Cordeira (NOAA/ESRL) is
acknowledged for providing the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis climatological data
and the base reflectivity mosaics and for his general technical
assistance. Sheldon Kusselson (NOAA/NESDIS) provided the NOAA/NESDIS
blended satellite IWV imagery. The MIMIC IWV imagery in the electronic
supplement was provided by CIMSS at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
This research was supported by NOAA's Hydrometeorological Testbed.
NR 68
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 2
BP 358
EP 378
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00126.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 886JI
UT WOS:000299850300003
ER
PT J
AU Reasor, PD
Eastin, MD
AF Reasor, Paul D.
Eastin, Matthew D.
TI Rapidly Intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Part II: Resilience in
Shear
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; HIGH-RESOLUTION
SIMULATION; INNER-CORE; DOPPLER RADAR; BONNIE 1998; SCALE
CHARACTERISTICS; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; VORTEX RESILIENCY; ERIN 2001
AB This paper examines the structure and evolution of a mature tropical cyclone in vertical wind shear (VWS) using airborne Doppler radar observations of Hurricane Guillermo (1997). In Part I, the modulation of eyewall convection via the rotation of vorticity asymmetries through the downshear-left quadrant was documented during rapid intensification. Here, the focus is on the relationship between VWS, vortex tilt, and associated asymmetry within the tropical cyclone core region during two separate observation periods. A method for estimating local VWS and vortex tilt from radar datasets is further developed, and the resulting vertical structure and its evolution are subjected to statistical confidence tests. Guillermo was a highly resilient vortex, evidenced by its small tilt magnitude relative to the horizontal scale of the vortex core. The deep-layer tilt was statistically significant, oriented on average similar to 60 degrees left of shear. Large-scale vorticity and thermal asymmetries oriented along the tilt direction support a response of Guillermo to shear forcing that is consistent with balanced dynamics. The time-averaged vertical motion asymmetry within the eyewall exhibited maximum ascent values similar to 40 degrees left of the deep-layer shear, or in this case, right of the deep-layer tilt. The observation-based analysis of Guillermo's interaction with VWS confirms findings of recent theoretical and numerical studies, and serves as the basis for a more comprehensive investigation of VWS and tropical cyclone intensity change using a recently constructed multistorm database of Doppler radar analyses.
C1 [Reasor, Paul D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Eastin, Matthew D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
RP Reasor, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM paul.reasor@noaa.gov
RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014
OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X
FU NSF [ATM-0514199, ATM-0652264]
FX We thank Jessica Fieux who manually edited the Doppler radar data for
IOP2 as part of her M.S. thesis project at Florida State University. We
would also like to thank John Kaplan and John Gamache for their helpful
comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and Rob Rogers and
Sylvie Lorsolo for stimulating discussions. This work was originally
supported by NSF Grants ATM-0514199 and ATM-0652264. Finally, we thank
Michael Riemer and one anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments
that helped improve the presentation and discussion of these results.
NR 55
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 2
BP 425
EP 444
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00080.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 886JI
UT WOS:000299850300007
ER
PT J
AU Yussouf, N
Stensrud, DJ
AF Yussouf, Nusrat
Stensrud, David J.
TI Comparison of Single-Parameter and Multiparameter Ensembles for
Assimilation of Radar Observations Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; MULTICASE
COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; PART II;
MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC STATE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; INITIAL
CONDITION; MODEL
AB Observational studies indicate that the densities and intercept parameters of hydrometeor distributions can vary widely among storms and even within a single storm. Therefore, assuming a fixed set of microphysical parameters within a given microphysics scheme can lead to significant errors in the forecasts of storms. To explore the impact of variations in microphysical parameters, Observing System Simulation Experiments are conducted based on both perfect- and imperfect-model assumptions. Two sets of ensembles are designed using either fixed or variable parameters within the same single-moment microphysics scheme. The synthetic radar observations of a splitting supercell thunderstorm are assimilated into the ensembles over a 30-min period using an ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation technique followed by 1-h ensemble forecasts. Results indicate that in the presence of a model error, a multiparameter ensemble with a combination of different hydrometeor density and intercept parameters leads to improved analyses and forecasts and better captures the truth within the forecast envelope compared to single-parameter ensemble experiments with a single, constant, inaccurate hydrometeor intercept and density parameters. This conclusion holds when examining the general storm structure, the intensity of midlevel rotation, surface cold pool strength, and the extreme values of the model fields that are most helpful in determining and identifying potential hazards. Under a perfect-model assumption, the single- and multiparameter ensembles perform similarly as model error does not play a role in these experiments. This study highlights the potential for using a variety of realistic microphysical parameters across the ensemble members in improving the analyses and very short-range forecasts of severe weather events.
C1 [Yussouf, Nusrat] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Yussouf, Nusrat] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Yussouf, N (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM nusrat.yussouf@noaa.gov
OI Yussouf, Nusrat/0000-0003-4998-1770
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]
FX The authors are thankful to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable
comments that led to substantial improvements in the manuscript. The
authors also thank Ted Mansell and Louis Wicker for their valuable
suggestions. Local computer assistance provided by Brett Morrow, Steven
Fletcher, Brad Swagowitz, and Karen Cooper are greatly appreciated.
Partial funding for this research was provided by the NOAA/Office of
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma
Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 (U.S. Department of Commerce).
NR 57
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 2
BP 562
EP 586
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05074.1
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 886JI
UT WOS:000299850300014
ER
PT J
AU Dawson, DT
Wicker, LJ
Mansell, ER
Tanamachi, RL
AF Dawson, Daniel T., II
Wicker, Louis J.
Mansell, Edward R.
Tanamachi, Robin L.
TI Impact of the Environmental Low-Level Wind Profile on Ensemble Forecasts
of the 4 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, Tornadic Storm and Associated
Mesocyclones
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; RADAR DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN
FILTER; BULK MICROPHYSICS; SCALE ANALYSES; PART II; SUPERCELL;
PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; THUNDERSTORM
AB The early tornadic phase of the Greensburg, Kansas, supercell on the evening of 4 May 2007 is simulated using a set of storm-scale (1-km horizontal grid spacing) 30-member ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation and forecast experiments. The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) level-II radar data from the Dodge City, Kansas (KDDC), Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) are assimilated into the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Collaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation (COMMAS). The initially horizontally homogeneous environments are initialized from one of three reconstructed soundings representative of the early tornadic phase of the storm, when a low-level jet (LLJ) was intensifying. To isolate the impact of the low-level wind profile, 0-3.5-km AGL wind profiles from Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma (KVNX), WSR-88D velocity-azimuth display (VAD) analyses at 0130, 0200, and 0230 UTC are used. A sophisticated, double-moment bulk ice microphysics scheme is employed.
For each of the three soundings, ensemble forecast experiments are initiated from EnKF analyses at various times prior to and shortly after the genesis of the Greensburg tornado (0200 UTC). Probabilistic forecasts of the mesocyclone-scale circulation(s) are generated and compared to the observed Greensburg tornado track. Probabilistic measures of significant rotation and observation-space diagnostic statistics are also calculated. It is shown that, in general, the track of the Greensburg tornado is well predicted, and forecasts improve as forecast lead time decreases. Significant variability is also seen across the experiments using different VAD wind profiles. Implications of these results regarding the choice of initial mesoscale environment, as well as for the "Warn-on-Forecast" paradigm for probabilistic numerical prediction of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, are discussed.
C1 [Dawson, Daniel T., II; Wicker, Louis J.; Mansell, Edward R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Tanamachi, Robin L.] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Tanamachi, Robin L.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Dawson, DT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM dan.dawson@noaa.gov
RI Dawson II, Daniel/I-4552-2012; Tanamachi, Robin/K-6275-2012
OI Dawson II, Daniel/0000-0002-2079-1247; Tanamachi,
Robin/0000-0002-5450-3012
FU National Research Council (NRC) at the National Severe Storms
Laboratory; NSF [ATM-0802717, ATM-0637148, ATM-0934307]; NOAA
[NA08OAR4320904]
FX Daniel Dawson was supported by the National Research Council (NRC)
Postdoctoral Fellowship, awarded at the National Severe Storms
Laboratory. Louis Wicker and Edward Mansell were partially supported by
NSF Grant ATM-0802717. Robin Tanamachi was supported by NSF Grants
ATM-0637148 and ATM-0934307, and NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320904. David Dowell
provided many helpful comments and code for the preparation of the VAD
wind profiles. Some of the code used to plot the observation-space
diagnostics was adapted from that provided by Therese Thompson.
Conversations with Tom Hamill and David Stensrud were also very helpful.
Jeff Hutton of the Dodge City, Kansas, National Weather Service Forecast
Office kindly provided the shape files of the tornado tracks.
NR 27
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 2
BP 696
EP 716
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00008.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 886JI
UT WOS:000299850300022
ER
PT J
AU Khatami, E
Helton, JS
Rigol, M
AF Khatami, Ehsan
Helton, Joel S.
Rigol, Marcos
TI Numerical study of the thermodynamics of clinoatacamite
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SPINEL LI2MN2O4; KAGOME
AB We study the thermodynamic properties of the clinoatacamite compound, Cu-2(OH)(3)Cl, by considering several approximate models. They include the Heisenberg model on (i) the uniform pyrochlore lattice, (ii) a very anisotropic pyrochlore lattice, and (iii) a kagome lattice weakly coupled to spins that sit on a triangular lattice. We utilize the exact diagonalization of small clusters with periodic boundary conditions and implement a numerical linked-cluster expansion approach for quantum lattice models with reduced symmetries, which allows us to solve model (iii) in the thermodynamic limit. We find a very good agreement between the experimental uniform susceptibility and the numerical results for models (ii) and (iii), which suggests a weak ferromagnetic coupling between the kagome and triangular layers in clinoatacamite. We also study thermodynamic properties in a geometrical transition between a planar pyrochlore lattice and the kagome lattice.
C1 [Khatami, Ehsan; Rigol, Marcos] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
[Helton, Joel S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Khatami, E (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
RI Helton, Joel/B-1798-2010; Rigol, Marcos/B-3505-2008; Khatami,
Ehsan/G-9565-2012
OI Rigol, Marcos/0000-0002-5806-5873;
FU NSF [OCI-0904597]
FX This research was supported by the NSF under Grant No. OCI-0904597. We
thank Young Lee for guidance with the susceptibility measurements, and
Matthew Shores, Bart Bartlett, Emily Nytko, and Daniel Nocera for
providing the clinoatacamite sample.
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 6
AR 064401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.064401
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 886ZP
UT WOS:000299894800001
ER
PT J
AU Yanagida, GK
Anulacion, BF
Bolton, JL
Boyd, D
Lomax, DP
Olson, OP
Sol, SY
Willis, M
Ylitalo, GM
Johnson, LL
AF Yanagida, Gladys K.
Anulacion, Bernadita F.
Bolton, Jennie L.
Boyd, Daryle
Lomax, Daniel P.
Olson, O. Paul
Sol, Sean Y.
Willis, Maryjean
Ylitalo, Gina M.
Johnson, Lyndal L.
TI Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Risk to Threatened and Endangered
Chinook Salmon in the Lower Columbia River Estuary
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHEMICAL
CONTAMINANTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; STORM WATER; PUGET-SOUND; EXPOSURE; USA;
URBAN; SEDIMENTS
AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), derived from oil and fuel combustion, are ubiquitous nonpoint source pollutants that can have a number of detrimental effects on fish and wildlife. In this study, we monitored PAH exposure in outmigrant juvenile Chinook salmon from the Lower Columbia River to evaluate the risk that these contaminants might pose to the health and recovery of threatened and endangered salmonids. Juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were collected by beach seine from five sites in the Lower Columbia River from Bonneville Dam to the mouth of the estuary (Warrendale, the Willamette-Columbia Confluence, Columbia City, Beaver Army Terminal, and Point Adams) and from a site in the Lower Willamette near downtown Portland (Morrison Street Bridge). Sediment samples were also collected at the same sites. Concentrations of PAHs in sediment samples were relatively low at all sites with average total PAH concentrations < 1000 ng/g dry weight (wt.). However, we found PAHs in stomach contents of salmon from all sites at concentrations ranging from < 100 to > 10,000 ng/g wet wt. Metabolites of low and high molecular-weight PAHs were also detected in bile of salmon from all sites; for metabolites fluorescing at phenanthrene (PHN) wavelengths, concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 6.0 mu g/mg bile protein. Levels of PAHs in stomach contents and PAH metabolites in bile were highest in salmon from the Morrison Street Bridge site in Portland and the Willamette-Columbia Confluence, Columbia City, and Beaver Army Terminal sites. Mean PAH concentrations measured in some stomach content samples from the Columbia City, Beaver Army Terminal, and Morrison Street Bridge sites were near the threshold concentration (approximately 7200-7600 ng/g wet wt.) associated with variability and immune dysfunction in juvenile salmonids (Meador et al., Can J Fish Aquat Sci 63:2364-2376, 2006; Bravo et al., Environ Toxicol Chem 30:704-714, 2011). Mean levels of biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs)-PHN in juvenile Chinook collected at the Morrison Street Bridge site in Portland, at the Confluence and Columbia City sites, and at the Beaver Army Terminal site were at or above a threshold effect concentration of 2 mu g/mg protein for FACs-PHN linked to growth impairment, altered energetics, and reproductive effects (Meador et al., Environ Toxicol Chem 27(4):845-853, 2008). These findings suggest that PAHs in the food chain are a potential source of injury to juvenile salmon in the Lower Columbia and Lower Willamette rivers.
C1 [Yanagida, Gladys K.; Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Bolton, Jennie L.; Boyd, Daryle; Lomax, Daniel P.; Olson, O. Paul; Sol, Sean Y.; Willis, Maryjean; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Johnson, Lyndal L.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Yanagida, GK (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM gladys.k.yanagida@noaa.gov
NR 65
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 39
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 62
IS 2
BP 282
EP 295
DI 10.1007/s00244-011-9704-9
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 881SR
UT WOS:000299509400010
PM 21894559
ER
PT J
AU Moore, N
Alagarswamy, G
Pijanowski, B
Thornton, P
Lofgren, B
Olson, J
Andresen, J
Yanda, P
Qi, JG
AF Moore, Nathan
Alagarswamy, Gopal
Pijanowski, Bryan
Thornton, Philip
Lofgren, Brent
Olson, Jennifer
Andresen, Jeffrey
Yanda, Pius
Qi, Jiaguo
TI East African food security as influenced by future climate change and
land use change at local to regional scales
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID COVER CHANGE; SYSTEM MODEL; RAINFALL; IMPACTS; PARAMETERIZATION;
VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; MIDWEST; SEASON; AREAS
AB Climate change impacts food production systems, particularly in locations with large, vulnerable populations. Elevated greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as land cover/land use change (LCLUC), can influence regional climate dynamics. Biophysical factors such as topography, soil type, and seasonal rainfall can strongly affect crop yields. We used a regional climate model derived from the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to compare the effects of projected future GHG and future LCLUC on spatial variability of crop yields in East Africa. Crop yields were estimated with a process-based simulation model. The results suggest that: (1) GHG-influenced and LCLUC-influenced yield changes are highly heterogeneous across this region; (2) LCLUC effects are significant drivers of yield change; and (3) high spatial variability in yield is indicated for several key agricultural sub-regions of East Africa. Food production risk when considered at the household scale is largely dependent on the occurrence of extremes, so mean yield in some cases may be an incomplete predictor of risk. The broad range of projected crop yields reflects enormous variability in key parameters that underlie regional food security; hence, donor institutions' strategies and investments might benefit from considering the spatial distribution around mean impacts for a given region. Ultimately, global assessments of food security risk would benefit from including regional and local assessments of climate impacts on food production. This may be less of a consideration in other regions. This study supports the concept that LCLUC is a first-order factor in assessing food production risk.
C1 [Moore, Nathan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
[Moore, Nathan] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Moore, Nathan; Alagarswamy, Gopal; Andresen, Jeffrey; Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, CGCEO, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
[Pijanowski, Bryan] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA.
[Thornton, Philip] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
[Lofgren, Brent] Great Lakes Env Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Yanda, Pius] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Inst Resources Assessment, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
RP Moore, N (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 202 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
EM moorena@msu.edu
OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914
FU NSF [BCS 0308420, BCS/CNH 0709671]; Directorate for Geosciences of the
National Science Foundation (NSF); Office of Biological and
Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy; NASA
[NAS5-03117]
FX This work was funded by NSF Biocomplexity of Coupled Human and Natural
Systems Program award BCS 0308420 and BCS/CNH 0709671. This research
uses data provided by the Community Climate System Model project
(www.ccsm.ucar.edu), supported by the Directorate for Geosciences of the
National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Biological and
Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy. Population data
were provided by CIESIN (NASA Contract NAS5-03117). We also wish to
thank David Campbell, Amelie Davis, Deepak Ray, and Joseph Maitima for
their contributions to this work.
NR 65
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 5
U2 47
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 110
IS 3-4
BP 823
EP 844
DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0116-7
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 879QM
UT WOS:000299346900018
ER
PT J
AU Antonucci, JM
Zeiger, DN
Tang, K
Lin-Gibson, S
Fowler, BO
Lin, NJ
AF Antonucci, Joseph M.
Zeiger, Diana N.
Tang, Kathy
Lin-Gibson, Sheng
Fowler, Bruce O.
Lin, Nancy J.
TI Synthesis and characterization of dimethacrylates containing quaternary
ammonium functionalities for dental applications
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bacterial adhesion; Cytotoxicity; Dental restorative material; Degree of
conversion; Dimethacrylate monomer; Menschutkin reaction; MTT assay;
Quaternary ammonium salts; Streptococcus mutans; Surface charge density
ID ANTIBACTERIAL MONOMER MDPB; CATIONIC SURFACES; RESIN; COMPOSITES;
BACTERIA; POLYMERS
AB Objectives. The widespread incidence of recurrent caries highlights the need for improved dental restorative materials. The objective of this study was to synthesize low viscosity ionic dimethacrylate monomers (IDMAs) that contain quaternary ammoniums groups (antimicrobial functionalities) and are compatible with existing dental dimethacrylate-based monomers. Such monomers have the potential to copolymerize with other methacrylate monomers and produce antibacterial polymers.
Methods. Two monomers (IDMA-1 and IDMA-2) were synthesized using the Menschutkin reaction and incorporated at 0-30% (by mass) into a 1:1 (by mass) bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA): triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin. Resin viscosity was quantified using rheology, and polymer degree of conversion (DC) and surface charge density were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescein binding, respectively. Effects of IDMA-1 on initial attachment of Streptococcus mutans and on viability and metabolic activity (via reductase enzymes) of RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells were quantified.
Results. IDMA-1 and IDMA-2 were prepared and characterized. IDMA-1 was miscible with BisGMA: TEGDMA and slightly increased the resin viscosity and DC. As expected, polymeric surface charge density increased with increasing IDMA-1. Incorporation of 10% IDMA-1 into BisGMA: TEGDMA reduced bacterial colonization without affecting viability or metabolic activity of mammalian cells. Increasing IDMA-1 up to 30% had no additional effect on bacterial coverage, but >= 20% IDMA-1 significantly reduced macrophage density, viability, and metabolic activity. Leachables from polymers containing IDMA-1 were not cytotoxic.
Significance. The Menschutkin reaction provides a facile, convenient means to synthesize new monomers with quaternary ammonium groups for dental and medical applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials.
C1 [Antonucci, Joseph M.; Zeiger, Diana N.; Tang, Kathy; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Fowler, Bruce O.; Lin, Nancy J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lin, NJ (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nancy.lin@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
[YI-DE-7005-01]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
[YI-DE-7005-01]
FX Reported work was supported by Interagency Agreement YI-DE-7005-01
between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
(NIDCR) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Contribution of BisGMA and TEGDMA from Esstech, Inc. is acknowledged.
The authors thank Dr. Stefan Leigh for statistical analysis of bacterial
coverage data. Official contribution of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology is acknowledged; not subject to copyright in
the United States.
NR 29
TC 84
Z9 87
U1 2
U2 60
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 2
BP 219
EP 228
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2011.10.004
PG 10
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 879EO
UT WOS:000299312700016
PM 22035983
ER
PT J
AU Nelson, J
Wilson, R
Coleman, F
Koenig, C
DeVries, D
Gardner, C
Chanton, J
AF Nelson, James
Wilson, Rachel
Coleman, Felicia
Koenig, Christopher
DeVries, Doug
Gardner, Chris
Chanton, Jeff
TI Flux by fin: fish-mediated carbon and nutrient flux in the northeastern
Gulf of Mexico
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; RIVER-DOMINATED ESTUARY; SEAGRASS MEADOWS;
SECONDARY PRODUCTION; APALACHICOLA BAY; ORGANIC-MATTER; EASTERN GULF;
MARINE; FLORIDA; ASSUMPTIONS
AB Seagrass meadows are among the most productive ecosystems in the marine environment. It has been speculated that much of this production is exported to adjacent ecosystems via the movements of organisms. Our study utilized stable isotopes to track seagrass-derived production into offshore food webs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. We found that gag grouper (Myctereoperca microlepis) on reefs as far as 90 km from the seagrass beds incorporate a significant portion of seagrass-derived biomass. The muscle tissue of gag grouper, a major fisheries species, was composed on average of 18.5-25% seagrass habitat-derived biomass. The timing of this annual seagrass subsidy appears to be important in fueling gag grouper egg production. The delta(34)S values of gag grouper gonad tissues varied seasonally and were delta(34)S depleted during the spawning season indicating that gag utilize the seagrass-derived biomass to support reproduction. If such large scale trophic subsidies are typical of temperate seagrass systems, then loss of seagrass production or habitat would result in a direct loss of offshore fisheries productivity.
C1 [Nelson, James; Wilson, Rachel; Chanton, Jeff] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Coleman, Felicia; Koenig, Christopher] FSU Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA.
[DeVries, Doug; Gardner, Chris] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
RP Nelson, J (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM jnelson2@fsu.edu; younge@ocean.fsu.edu; coleman@bio.fsu.edu;
koenig@bio.fsu.edu; doug.devries@noaa.gov; chris.gardner@noaa.gov;
chanton@ocean.fsu.edu
RI Nelson, James/D-2927-2012; Wilson, Rachel /F-2723-2013
FU Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Co-operative Institute
FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We
are grateful to Captain D. Tankersly and the crew of the Lady J II for
assistance in sample collection; to staff of the Florida State
University Coastal and Marine Laboratory (FSUCML); to the Florida State
High Magnetic Field Laboratory especially Y. Xu for her assistance with
the mass spectrometry; Ben Harlow at the Washington State University
stable isotope facility. This work was funded through the Northern Gulf
Institute, a NOAA Co-operative Institute.
NR 38
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 28
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 2
BP 365
EP 372
DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1814-4
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 877RG
UT WOS:000299199000011
ER
PT J
AU Krayzman, V
Levin, I
AF Krayzman, Victor
Levin, Igor
TI Reverse Monte Carlo refinements of nanoscale atomic correlations using
powder and single-crystal diffraction data
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE reverse Monte Carlo; RMCProfile; nanoscale atomic correlations
ID SHORT-RANGE ORDER; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; LONG-RANGE; DISORDER
AB Combined refinements of local atomic structure that involve simultaneous fitting of powder-averaged and single-crystal data were implemented as an extension to the publicly available RMCProfile software. The refinements employ the reverse Monte Carlo method to fit neutron total scattering data, the neutron Bragg profile, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and structured diffuse scattering in electron diffraction. The procedure was tested using simulated data generated for a realistic model of perovskite-like KNbO3, which exhibits strongly correlated Nb and O displacements. The results indicated that fitting the powder data (i.e. total scattering or total scattering plus EXAFS) alone fails to reproduce the nanoscale range of displacement correlations. Simultaneous fitting of the powder data and the patterns of diffuse intensity in single-crystal electron diffraction patterns returns significantly more accurate correlation characteristics. The approach and the computer software described in this contribution are not limited to electron diffraction patterns as other types of single-crystal diffraction data (i.e. X-ray or neutron) can be included in the fit.
C1 [Krayzman, Victor; Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, MML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Krayzman, Victor] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, MML, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM igor.levin@nist.gov
RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 45
BP 106
EP 112
DI 10.1107/S0021889812000398
PN 1
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 877TU
UT WOS:000299206400013
ER
PT J
AU Mildner, DFR
Cubitt, R
AF Mildner, D. F. R.
Cubitt, R.
TI The effect of gravity on the Debye-Scherrer ring in small-angle neutron
scattering
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Debye-Scherrer rings; gravity; long wavelengths; scattering vectors;
small-angle neutron scattering
ID RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION
AB Gravity distorts the circular contours found for small-angle neutron scattering data from azimuthally symmetric scattering systems when taken at long wavelength and with large wavelength spreads. The resolution is calculated for a DebyeScherrer ring and compared with results from measurements taken on a sample of opal.
C1 [Mildner, D. F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cubitt, R.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.mildner@nist.gov
NR 7
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 45
BP 124
EP 126
DI 10.1107/S0021889812000945
PN 1
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 877TU
UT WOS:000299206400017
ER
PT J
AU Morris, DE
Mather, ML
Simon, CG
Crowe, JA
AF Morris, David E.
Mather, Melissa L.
Simon, Carl G., Jr.
Crowe, John A.
TI Time-optimized X-ray micro-CT imaging of polymer based scaffolds
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE scaffold characterization; micro-CT; image analysis; porosity;
regenerative medicine
ID BONE INGROWTH; TISSUE; TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; PARAMETERS; NEEDS
AB Although X-ray microscopic computed tomography is widely used to assess the structural properties of polymeric tissue scaffolds its validity is dependent on the quality of the images obtained. Here, the role of resolution, integration time, image averaging, and X-ray power on the accurate determination of scaffold porosity, while aiming to minimize imaging time, was investigated. This work identified key parameters for optimization and a methodology to vary them to improve results. Based on this, guidelines were developed to assist in the selection of image acquisition parameters to allow rapid and accurate scaffold imaging as required for mass manufacture. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 360367, 2012.
C1 [Morris, David E.; Mather, Melissa L.; Crowe, John A.] Univ Nottingham, Fac Engn, Elect Syst & Opt Res Div, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
[Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Morris, DE (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Fac Engn, Elect Syst & Opt Res Div, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
EM david.morris@nottingham.ac.uk
OI Mather, Melissa/0000-0002-5551-1321; Crowe, John/0000-0002-5438-2169;
Morris, David/0000-0001-9813-0767
FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK [EP/C534247/1]
FX Contract grant sponsor: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
Council, UK; contract grant number: EP/C534247/1
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1552-4973
J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B
JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 100B
IS 2
BP 360
EP 367
DI 10.1002/jbm.b.31957
PG 8
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 872EV
UT WOS:000298792500007
PM 22113946
ER
PT J
AU Zeisler, R
Oflaz, R
Paul, RL
Fagan, JA
AF Zeisler, Rolf
Oflaz, Rabia
Paul, Rick L.
Fagan, Jeffrey A.
TI Use of neutron activation analysis for the characterization of
single-wall carbon nanotube materials
SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon nanotube production; Catalysts; Quality assurance; Quantitative
analysis; Reference materials; Trace elements
ID SPECTROSCOPY; NIST
AB Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGAA) were used to characterize a variety of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) materials from different principal production processes, as well as a material containing SWCNTs together with other carbon species, catalyst residues, and trace element contaminants to be issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for characterization and distribution as Standard Reference Material SRM 2483 Carbon Nanotube Soot. INAA proved to be well suited for the direct determination of catalyst and contaminant trace elements requiring only minimal sample preparation. PGAA complemented the INAA data in particular with determinations of the light elements. Carbon and hydrogen results provided information on the materials purity and storage properties. Strategies for the quality assurance of the measurements in these new materials were developed. INAA and PGAA data were provided for the value assignment of mass fractions of catalyst and trace elements in the candidate SRM and a systematic overview was obtained of the catalyst and trace element contaminants associated with each of the major production routes.
C1 [Zeisler, Rolf; Oflaz, Rabia; Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rolf.zeisler@nist.gov
OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0236-5731
EI 1588-2780
J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH
JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 291
IS 2
BP 561
EP 567
DI 10.1007/s10967-011-1290-9
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science &
Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 873DY
UT WOS:000298862400048
ER
PT J
AU Crandall, ED
Sbrocco, EJ
DeBoer, TS
Barber, PH
Carpenter, KE
AF Crandall, Eric D.
Sbrocco, Elizabeth J.
DeBoer, Timery S.
Barber, Paul H.
Carpenter, Kent E.
TI Expansion Dating: Calibrating Molecular Clocks in Marine Species from
Expansions onto the Sunda Shelf Following the Last Glacial Maximum
SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE time-dependency; population expansion; mutation rate; molecular clock;
marine invertebrates
ID PLEISTOCENE CORAL-REEFS; HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PURIFYING SELECTION;
DIVERGENCE TIMES; POPULATION-SIZE; GENERATION TIME; SEA LEVELS;
COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; STATISTICAL TESTS
AB The rate of change in DNA is an important parameter for understanding molecular evolution and hence for inferences drawn from studies of phylogeography and phylogenetics. Most rate calibrations for mitochondrial coding regions in marine species have been made from divergence dating for fossils and vicariant events older than 1-2 My and are typically 0.5-2% per lineage per million years. Recently, calibrations made with ancient DNA (aDNA) from younger dates have yielded faster rates, suggesting that estimates of the molecular rate of change depend on the time of calibration, decaying from the instantaneous mutation rate to the phylogenetic substitution rate. aDNA methods for recent calibrations are not available for most marine taxa so instead we use radiometric dates for sea-level rise onto the Sunda Shelf following the Last Glacial Maximum (starting similar to 18,000 years ago), which led to massive population expansions for marine species. Instead of divergence dating, we use a two-epoch coalescent model of logistic population growth preceded by a constant population size to infer a time in mutational units for the beginning of these expansion events. This model compares favorably to simpler coalescent models of constant population size, and exponential or logistic growth, and is far more precise than estimates from the mismatch distribution. Mean rates estimated with this method for mitochondrial coding genes in three invertebrate species are elevated in comparison to older calibration points (2.3-6.6% per lineage per million years), lending additional support to the hypothesis of calibration time dependency for molecular rates.
C1 [Crandall, Eric D.; Carpenter, Kent E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Sbrocco, Elizabeth J.; DeBoer, Timery S.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Barber, Paul H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Crandall, ED (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
EM eric.crandall@noaa.gov
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OISE-0730256, OCE-0349177]
FX Impetus for this project came from discussions in a population genetics
graduate seminar, led by M. Sorenson, at Boston University in 2007. It
was developed while E. D. C. was a postdoctoral associate with Old
Dominion University and a visiting scholar at the Marine Sciences
Institute of the University of the Philippines, kindly hosted by M. A.
Juinio-Menez. This work is part of the Coral Triangle Partnerships for
International Research and Education, funded by the National Science
Foundation (NSF)-OISE-0730256. Collection of DNA sequence data used in
this study was supported by NSF grant OCE-0349177. We would like to
acknowledge our Indonesian partners: Udayana University for hosting our
project, as well as the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and the
Indonesian Ministry of Science and Technology (RISTEK) for providing the
necessary research permits. We thank N. Mahardika, H. Toha, and
Ambariyanto for their sponsorship and logistical support. Some BEAST
analyses were carried out by using the online resources of the
Computational Biology Service Unit of Cornell University. We thank C.
Burridge, A. Drummond, M. Hellberg, and three anonymous reviewers for
constructive comments that improved the manuscript. E. D. C. thanks E.
Anderson for statistical advice and S. Gulamhussein for her patience and
support.
NR 96
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 3
U2 56
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0737-4038
EI 1537-1719
J9 MOL BIOL EVOL
JI Mol. Biol. Evol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 2
BP 707
EP 719
DI 10.1093/molbev/msr227
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
GA 876SW
UT WOS:000299129000020
PM 21926069
ER
PT J
AU Curtis, JE
Raghunandan, S
Nanda, H
Krueger, S
AF Curtis, Joseph E.
Raghunandan, Sindhu
Nanda, Hirsh
Krueger, Susan
TI SASSIE: A program to study intrinsically disordered biological molecules
and macromolecular ensembles using experimental scattering restraints
SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Small-angle scattering; X-ray scattering; Neutron scattering;
Intrinsically disordered proteins; Protein structure; Computer modeling
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; RELATE 2 SETS; PROTEIN;
CONFORMATION; DYNAMICS; ROTATION; VECTORS; CHARMM
AB A program to construct ensembles of biomolecular structures that are consistent with experimental scattering data are described. Specifically, we generate an ensemble of biomolecular structures by varying sets of backbone dihedral angles that are then filtered using experimentally determined restraints to rapidly determine structures that have scattering profiles that are consistent with scattering data. We discuss an application of these tools to predict a set of structures for the HIV-1 Gag protein, an intrinsically disordered protein, that are consistent with small-angle neutron scattering experimental data. We have assembled these algorithms into a program called SASSIE for structure generation, visualization, and analysis of intrinsically disordered proteins and other macromolecular ensembles using neutron and X-ray scattering restraints.
Program summary
Program title: SASSIE
Catalogue identifier: AEKL_v1_0
Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEKL_v1_0.html
Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License v3
No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3 991 624
No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 826
Distribution format: tar.gz
Programming language: Python, C/C++, Fortran
Computer: PC/Mac
Operating system: 32- and 64-bit Linux (Ubuntu 10.04, Centos 5.6) and Mac OS X (10.6.6)
RAM: 1 GB
Classification: 3
External routines: Python 2.6.5, numpy 1.4.0, swig 1.3.40, scipy 0.8.0, Gnuplot-py-1.8, Tcl 8.5, Tk 8.5, Mac installation requires aquaterm 1.0 (or X window system) and Xcode 3 development tools.
Nature of problem: Open source software to generate structures of disordered biological molecules that subsequently allow for the comparison of computational and experimental results is limiting the use of scattering resources.
Solution method: Starting with an all atom model of a protein, for example, users can input regions to vary dihedral angles, ensembles of structures can be generated. Additionally, simple two-body rigid-body rotations are supported with and without disordered regions. Generated structures can then be used to calculate small-angle scattering profiles which can then be filtered against experimentally determined data. Filtered structures can be visualized individually or as an ensemble using density plots. In the modular and expandable program framework the user can easily access our subroutines and structural coordinates can be easily obtained for study using other computational physics methods.
Additional comments: The distribution file for this program is over 159 Mbytes and therefore is not delivered directly when download or Email is requested. Instead an html file giving details of how the program can be obtained is sent.
Running time: Varies depending on application. Typically 10 minutes to 24 hours depending on the number of generated structures.
C1 [Curtis, Joseph E.; Raghunandan, Sindhu; Nanda, Hirsh; Krueger, Susan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of
Commerce
FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, US Department of Commerce, for providing the neutron
facilities used in this work. Brand names are stated for clarity only
and their use does not imply an endorsement by NIST. We also thank Alan
Rein and Siddhartha A.K. Datta of the National Cancer
Institute-Frederick for valuable discussions and for help in obtaining
the experimental data reported in this paper.
NR 34
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0010-4655
J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN
JI Comput. Phys. Commun.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 183
IS 2
BP 382
EP 389
DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2011.09.010
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 868OA
UT WOS:000298531400019
ER
PT J
AU Salinas, S
Munch, SB
AF Salinas, Santiago
Munch, Stephan B.
TI Thermal legacies: transgenerational effects of temperature on growth in
a vertebrate
SO ECOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cyprinodon variegatus; ecological epigenetics; maternal effects;
sheepshead minnow
ID ESTUARINE SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY;
CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER;
EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA;
RAPID EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORY
AB Transgenerational plasticity (TGP), a generalisation of more widely studied maternal effects, occurs whenever environmental cues experienced by either parent prior to fertilisation results in a modification of offspring reaction norms. Such effects have been observed in many traits across many species. Despite enormous potential importanceparticularly in an era of rapid climate changeTGP in thermal growth physiology has never been demonstrated for vertebrates. We provide the first evidence for thermal TGP in a vertebrate: given sufficient time, sheepshead minnows adaptively program their offspring for maximal growth at the present temperature. The change in growth over a single generation (c. 30%) exceeds the single-generation rate of adaptive evolution by an order of magnitude. If widespread, transgenerational effects on thermal performance may have important implications on physiology, ecology and contemporary evolution, and may significantly alter the extinction risk posed by changing climate.
C1 [Salinas, Santiago; Munch, Stephan B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Munch, Stephan B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Salinas, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM santiago.salinas@stonybrook.edu
OI Salinas, Santiago/0000-0002-8400-4740
FU W. B. Turner Dissertation Fellowship
FX We thank Jo Anne Siskidis for experimental assistance, Tom Hurst for
inspiring discussions, and Eric Anderson, Doug Futuyma, Marc Mangel,
Sarah Newkirk, Kestrel Perez, Stephen Sabatino, Will Satterthwaite, Sue
Sogard, Mark Sokolowski, George Somero and Masatoshi Sugeno for comments
on a previous version of the manuscript. S. S. was supported by a W. B.
Turner Dissertation Fellowship.
NR 51
TC 88
Z9 89
U1 16
U2 138
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1461-023X
EI 1461-0248
J9 ECOL LETT
JI Ecol. Lett.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 15
IS 2
BP 159
EP 163
DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01721.x
PG 5
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 872YU
UT WOS:000298848200010
PM 22188553
ER
PT J
AU Pool, SS
Reese, DC
Brodeur, RD
AF Pool, Suzan S.
Reese, Douglas C.
Brodeur, Richard D.
TI Defining marine habitat of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha, and coho salmon, O. kisutch, in the northern California
Current System
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Regression trees; GIS; Coho salmon; Chinook salmon; California Current;
Habitat
ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; PACIFIC SALMON; COASTAL OCEAN; OCEANOGRAPHIC
CONDITIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SURVIVAL RATES;
WATERS; WASHINGTON; ABUNDANCE
AB We investigated habitat use by juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) to identify environmental characteristics that may define their optimal marine habitat. We utilized physical and biological data from four cruises in the northern California Current system from Newport, Oregon, to Crescent City, California, in June and August 2000 and 2002. A non-parametric statistical method was used to analyze and select environmental parameters that best defined ocean habitat for each species. Regression trees were generated for all cruises combined to select the most important habitat variables. Chlorophyll a concentration best defined habitat of yearling Chinook salmon, while decapod larvae, salinity, and neuston biovolume defined habitat of yearling coho salmon. Using criteria from the regression tree analysis, GIS maps were produced to show that the habitat of yearling Chinook salmon was widespread over the continental shelf and the habitat of yearling coho salmon was variable and mainly north of Cape Blanco.
C1 [Pool, Suzan S.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Reese, Douglas C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Pool, SS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM suz_pool@yahoo.com
NR 44
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP 233
EP 243
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9909-9
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 872JZ
UT WOS:000298807000008
ER
PT J
AU Beck, JL
Rooker, JR
AF Beck, Jessica L.
Rooker, Jay R.
TI Effect of predator exposure on the performance and survival of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Anti-predator; Hatchery; Prey-capture; Survival skills
ID FISH GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GUPPY
POECILIA-RETICULATA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; JELLYFISH AURELIA
AURITA; HATCHERY-REARED FISH; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; FATHEAD MINNOWS;
HERRING LARVAE; COHO SALMON
AB The influence of predator exposure on the survival of hatchery red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus was investigated under laboratory conditions. Several prey-capture (attack distance, mean attack velocity, capture time, and gape cycle duration) and anti-predator (reaction distance, response distance, mean velocity, and maximum velocity) performance variables were quantified using high-speed video for juvenile red drum (25-30 mm standard length, L (S) ) reared with and without predators (pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides). Univariate contrasts of prey-capture events demonstrated that attack distance (mean +/- s.e.) was significantly greater in red drum reared with (1.20 +/- 0.16 mm) versus without (0.65 +/- 0.09 mm) pinfish predators. During anti-predator events, red drum reared with predators had approximately 300% greater reaction distance and 20%-30% greater response distance, mean velocity and maximum velocity versus fish reared without predators; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Following video assessments, a series of mortality experiments were conducted using free-ranging pinfish predators. Mortality rates (Z) ranged from 0.047 to 0.060 (Z/hr/predator) and did not differ significantly among treatments.
C1 [Beck, Jessica L.] SE Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
RP Beck, JL (reprint author), SE Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM jess.beck@noaa.gov
RI Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013
OI Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688
FU Texas Advanced Technology Program [161979]; Coastal Conservation
Association; International Women's Fishing Association
FX We would like to thank Robert Vega and David Abrego and the staff of the
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department SeaCenter hatchery in Lake Jackson,
Texas for supplying the red drum used in experimental trials. We also
thank Claudia Friess for her assistance in the laboratory and Coral
Seafood and Bait in Galveston, Texas for providing the pinfish predators
used in this study. Funding was provided by a grant from the Texas
Advanced Technology Program to JRR (ATP # 161979). Additional
scholarship support to JLB was provided by the Coastal Conservation
Association and the International Women's Fishing Association. All
trials were conducted in accordance with the University Laboratory
Animal Care Committee (ULACC) animal care and use protocol (AUP #
2004-101).
NR 67
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 2
BP 267
EP 276
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9912-1
PG 10
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 872JZ
UT WOS:000298807000011
ER
PT J
AU Friedland, KD
Manning, JP
Link, JS
Gilbert, JR
Gilbert, AT
O'Connell, AF
AF Friedland, K. D.
Manning, J. P.
Link, J. S.
Gilbert, J. R.
Gilbert, A. T.
O'Connell, A. F., Jr.
TI Variation in wind and piscivorous predator fields affecting the survival
of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the Gulf of Maine
SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate; migration; post-smolt survival; predation; recruitment;
temperature
ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; MARINE SURVIVAL; NORTHWEST
ATLANTIC; FISH COMMUNITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA;
HARBOR PORPOISES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES
AB Observations relevant to the North American stock complex of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., suggest that marine mortality is influenced by variation in predation pressure affecting post-smolts during the first months at sea. This hypothesis was tested for Gulf of Maine (GOM) stocks by examining wind pseudostress and the distribution of piscivorous predator fields potentially affecting post-smolts. Marine survival has declined over recent decades with a change in the direction of spring winds, which is likely extending the migration of post-smolts by favouring routes using the western GOM. In addition to changes in spring wind patterns, higher spring sea surface temperatures have been associated with shifting distributions of a range of fish species. The abundance of several pelagic piscivores, which based on their feeding habits may predate on salmon post-smolts, has increased in the areas that serve as migration corridors for post-smolts. In particular, populations of silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchell), red hake, Urophycis chuss (Walbaum), and spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias L., increased in size in the portion of the GOM used by post-smolts. Climate variation and shifting predator distributions in the GOM are consistent with the predator hypothesis of recruitment control suggested for the stock complex.
C1 [Friedland, K. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Manning, J. P.; Link, J. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Gilbert, J. R.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA.
[Gilbert, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Augusta, ME USA.
[O'Connell, A. F., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov
NR 70
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0969-997X
J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL
JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 19
IS 1
BP 22
EP 35
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00814.x
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 871JA
UT WOS:000298732900003
ER
PT J
AU Brenkman, SJ
Duda, JJ
Torgersen, CE
Welty, E
Pess, GR
Peters, R
Mchenry, ML
AF Brenkman, S. J.
Duda, J. J.
Torgersen, C. E.
Welty, E.
Pess, G. R.
Peters, R.
Mchenry, M. L.
TI A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior
to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA
SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dam removal; recolonisation; riverscape; salmonid; snorkel survey
ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; CHINOOK SALMON; CUTTHROAT
TROUT; BULL TROUT; CHANNEL HYDRAULICS; BASE-LINE; FISH; STREAM;
STEELHEAD
AB Dam removal has been increasingly proposed as a river restoration technique. In 2011, two large hydroelectric dams will be removed from Washington States Elwha River. Ten anadromous fish populations are expected to recolonise historical habitats after dam removal. A key to understanding watershed recolonisation is the collection of spatially continuous information on fish and aquatic habitats. A riverscape approach with an emphasis on biological data has rarely been applied in mid-sized, wilderness rivers, particularly in consecutive years prior to dam removal. Concurrent snorkel and habitat surveys were conducted from the headwaters to the mouth (rkm 650) of the Elwha River in 2007 and 2008. This riverscape approach characterised the spatial extent, assemblage structure and patterns of relative density of Pacific salmonids. The presence of dams influenced the longitudinal patterns of fish assemblages, and species richness was the highest downstream of the dams, where anadromous salmonids still have access. The percent composition of salmonids was similar in both years for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii (Richardson) (89%; 88%), Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (8%; 9%), and bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley) (3% in both years). Spatial patterns of abundance for rainbow and cutthroat trout (r = 0.76) and bull trout (r = 0.70) were also consistent between years. Multivariate and univariate methods detected differences in habitat structure along the river profile caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. The riverscape view highlighted species-specific biological hotspots and revealed that 6069% of federally threatened bull trout occurred near or below the dams. Spatially continuous surveys will be vital in evaluating the effectiveness of upcoming dam removal projects at restoring anadromous salmonids.
C1 [Brenkman, S. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA.
[Duda, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Torgersen, C. E.; Welty, E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Pess, G. R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Peters, R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA USA.
[Mchenry, M. L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA USA.
RP Brenkman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk,600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA.
EM sam_brenkman@nps.gov
RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009
OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634
FU Olympic National Park; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological
Survey
FX Special thanks to M. Beirne, S. Corbett, P. Crain, J. Dunham, M.
Elofson, J. Ganzhorn, C. Glenney, M. Groce, M. Hanks, B. Hoffman, H.
Hugunin, P. Kennedy, D. Lantz, T. Leavy, S. Neil, S. Samson, D.
Shreffler, I. Smith, J. Starr and L. Ward for field assistance. B.
Baccus, L. Baysinger, C. Hawkins Hoffman, R. Hoffman and R.
Reisenbichler provided logistical support. Funding was provided by
Olympic National Park, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S.
Geological Survey. We thank T. Bennett, J. Ganzhorn, P. Roni and two
anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this
manuscript. Use of trade names is for convenience of the reader and does
not constitute endorsement by the US government. The findings and
conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 76
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 12
U2 114
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0969-997X
J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL
JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 19
IS 1
BP 36
EP 53
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.x
PG 18
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 871JA
UT WOS:000298732900004
ER
PT J
AU Hale, PD
Jargon, J
Wang, CMJ
Grossman, B
Claudius, M
Torres, JL
Dienstfrey, A
Williams, DF
AF Hale, Paul D.
Jargon, Jeffrey
Wang, C. M. Jack
Grossman, Brett
Claudius, Mathew
Torres, Jose L.
Dienstfrey, Andrew
Williams, Dylan F.
TI A Statistical Study of De-Embedding Applied to Eye Diagram Analysis
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Deconvolution; de-embedding; eye diagram; eye pattern; inverse problems;
regularization
ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM;
PHOTODIODES; SYSTEM
AB We describe a stable method for calibrating digital waveforms and eye diagrams by use of the measurement system response function and its regularized inverse. The function describing the system response includes the response of the oscilloscope and any associated cables and test fixtures. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by performing a statistical analysis of the calculated eye height and eye width obtained from a controlled experiment consisting of multiple cable lengths, bit rates, and oscilloscope samplers. We also demonstrate our approach by measuring the transmission through a test device consisting of a short length of cable, a ball-grid array socket, and complicated circuit board.
C1 [Hale, Paul D.; Jargon, Jeffrey] NIST, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Wang, C. M. Jack] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Grossman, Brett] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA.
[Claudius, Mathew] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA.
[Torres, Jose L.] Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA.
[Dienstfrey, Andrew] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hale, PD (reprint author), NIST, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM hale@boulder.nist.gov
RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013
NR 35
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
EI 1557-9662
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 61
IS 2
BP 475
EP 488
DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2164853
PG 14
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 873MS
UT WOS:000298888000020
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, PM
Yoon, J
Kelly, JY
Howarter, JA
Stafford, CM
AF Johnson, Peter M.
Yoon, Joonsung
Kelly, Jennifer Y.
Howarter, John A.
Stafford, Christopher M.
TI Molecular layer-by-layer deposition of highly crosslinked polyamide
films
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE layer growth; membranes; polycondensation; polyamides; thin films
ID REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANE; THIN-FILMS; INTERFACIAL POLYMERIZATION;
FABRICATION; NANOSCALE; WATER
AB A molecular layer-by-layer (mLbL) deposition process is demonstrated to synthesize conformal coatings of crosslinked polyamide. This process controls the rapid reaction of trimesoyl chloride and m-phenylene diamine, unlike interfacial polymerization techniques which produce rough films and poorly defined network structure. Layer-by-layer polyamide films appear structurally similar to interfacially polymerized films with a linear film growth rate of approximate to 0.9 nm per cycle. Films made by mLbL deposition show a 70-fold decrease in surface roughness as compared to a commercial, interfacially polymerized polyamide. Surface chemistry could be controlled based on which reaction step was performed last, leading to amine or carboxylic acid rich surfaces. With the ability to control chemical structure throughout the crosslinked network, this technique provides new routes to build polyamide films and improve analysis techniques for commercial applications such as reverse osmosis membranes. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 50: 168-173, 2012
C1 [Johnson, Peter M.; Yoon, Joonsung; Kelly, Jennifer Y.; Howarter, John A.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Johnson, Peter M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chris.stafford@nist.gov
NR 23
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 8
U2 61
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD FEB 1
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 3
BP 168
EP 173
DI 10.1002/polb.23002
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 867UX
UT WOS:000298481400002
ER
PT J
AU Kelly, JF
Shipley, JR
Chilson, PB
Howard, KW
Frick, WF
Kunz, TH
AF Kelly, Jeffrey F.
Shipley, J. Ryan
Chilson, Phillip B.
Howard, Kenneth W.
Frick, Winifred F.
Kunz, Thomas H.
TI Quantifying animal phenology in the aerosphere at a continental scale
using NEXRAD weather radars
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE aeroecology; continental scale; NEXRAD; phenology; remote sensing
ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIRD MIGRATION; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY; SHIFTS; NDVI
AB One of the primary ecological manifestations of climate change is a shift in the timing of events in a species' annual cycle. Such phenological shifts have been documented in numerous taxa, but data for animals have been derived primarily from human observers rather than networks of instruments used for remote sensing. The potential to use the network of weather radars in the United States (NEXRAD) to remotely sense animal phenologies could advance our understanding of the spatiotemporal scaling of phenologies in relation to shifts in local and regional climate. We tested the utility of NEXRAD radar products for quantifying the phenology of the purple martin (Progne subis) at summer roost sites in the United States. We found that the maximum radar reflectivity value in the hour before local sunrise above purple martin roost sites contained a strong phenological signal of significantly increased radar reflectivity during June, July, and August 2010. The seasonal pattern in this radar signal matched our expectation of the timing of formation and dissipation of these seasonal roosts. Radar reflectivity was greater and less variable when considering roosts close to NEXRAD stations (< 25 km) than when including all 358 documented roosts; there was a negative relationship between maximum reflectivity and the distance between a roost and the nearest NEXRAD. Our results suggest that: (1) mosaicked NEXRAD radar products are a valuable source of information on the phenology of bioscatter in the aerosphere; (2) citizen scientists who document the locations of roosts on the ground are providing critical information for advancing our understanding of animal phenology and aeroecology; and (3) ongoing research that examines spatiotemporal relationships among radar-derived phenologies in airborne organisms, climate, and land cover change are likely to provide further insights.
C1 [Kelly, Jeffrey F.; Shipley, J. Ryan] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Kelly, Jeffrey F.] Univ Oklahoma, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Program, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Kelly, Jeffrey F.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Frick, Winifred F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Frick, Winifred F.; Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM jeffrey.f.kelly@gmail.com
FU NSF [IOS-0541740, EPS-0919466, DBI-0905881]; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory
[NA08OAR4320904]; Boston University's Center for Ecology and
Conservation Biology
FX Brian Kaney of NOAA/NSSL facilitated our access and processing of radar
data through soar.ou.edu. JFK and JRS were supported by NSF Grants
IOS-0541740 and EPS-0919466. WFF was supported on NSF Postdoctoral
Fellowship DBI-0905881. PBC was funded in part through the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory
grant NA08OAR4320904. THK was funded by Boston University's Center for
Ecology and Conservation Biology.
NR 39
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 4
U2 22
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 2
AR UNSP 16
DI 10.1890/ES11-00257.1
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 256HA
UT WOS:000327299100004
ER
PT J
AU Barnes, JE
Sharma, NCP
AF Barnes, John E.
Sharma, Nimmi C. P.
TI An inexpensive active optical remote sensing instrument for assessing
aerosol distributions
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID BISTATIC LIDAR; CAMERA LIDAR; NEPHELOMETER; DEPTH; TOOL
AB Air quality studies on a broad variety of topics from health impacts to source/sink analyses, require information on the distributions of atmospheric aerosols over both altitude and time. An inexpensive, simple to implement, ground-based optical remote sensing technique has been developed to assess aerosol distributions. The technique, called CLidar (Charge Coupled Device Camera Light Detection and Ranging), provides aerosol altitude profiles over time. In the CLidar technique a relatively low-power laser transmits light vertically into the atmosphere. The transmitted laser light scatters off of air molecules, clouds, and aerosols. The entire beam from ground to zenith is imaged using a CCD camera and wide-angle (100 degree) optics which are a few hundred meters from the laser. The CLidar technique is optimized for low altitude (boundary layer and lower troposphere) measurements where most aerosols are found and where many other profiling techniques face difficulties. Currently the technique is limited to nighttime measurements. Using the CLidar technique aerosols may be mapped over both altitude and time. The instrumentation required is portable and can easily be moved to locations of interest (e.g downwind from factories or power plants, near highways). This paper describes the CLidar technique, implementation and data analysis and offers specifics for users wishing to apply the technique for aerosol profiles.
Implications: Air quality studies require information on atmospheric aerosols over both altitude and time. A new inexpensive, simple, ground-based optical remote sensing technique assesses aerosol distributions. In the technique, called CLidar, a laser transmits light vertically into the nighttime atmosphere. The laser light scatters off of air molecules, clouds, and aerosols and the entire beam is imaged using a CCD camera and wide-angle optics. CLidar is optimized for boundary layer measurements where most aerosols are found. The instrumentation is portable and can easily be moved to locations of interest (e.g., downwind from factories or power plants, near highways).
C1 [Barnes, John E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Sharma, Nimmi C. P.] Cent Connecticut State Univ, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, New Britain, CT 06050 USA.
RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, 1437 Kilauea Ave, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
EM John.E.Barnes@noaa.gov
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 14
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1096-2247
EI 2162-2906
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 62
IS 2
BP 198
EP 203
DI 10.1080/10473289.2011.639927
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 891DN
UT WOS:000300196800006
PM 22442935
ER
PT J
AU Bonin, CA
Goebel, ME
O'Corry-Crowe, GM
Burton, RS
AF Bonin, Carolina A.
Goebel, Michael E.
O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory M.
Burton, Ronald S.
TI Twins or not? Genetic analysis of putative twins in Antarctic fur seals,
Arctocephalus gazella, on the South Shetland Islands
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fostering; Heteropaternity; Otariid; Pinniped; Relatedness; Twinning
ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; ELEPHANT SEALS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS;
PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS;
PATERNITY INFERENCE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; FOSTERING BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR
MARKERS
AB Genetic analyses can reliably determine the relationships among putative cases of twins in pinniped species. These studies demonstrate that field observations of nursing twins may often be cases of adoption or foster nursing of unrelated pups. A recent study of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) on South Georgia Island found that only 3 of 11 putative twin cases were truly twins. Here we report results of genetic testing of eight putative cases of twinning (twin siblings and mother) observed at Cape Shirreff (62 degrees 27'30 '' S, 60 degrees 47'17 '' W), Livingston Island, Antarctica. Parentage and relatedness analyses using 18 microsatellite markers confirmed six out of the eight cases as twins and two cases of adoption/foster nursing of unrelated pups. All twins analyzed were dizygotic and in five out of six cases, the twins were likely full siblings (relatedness coefficient, or r(xy)mu = 0.46, o(2) = 0.004). In one case, the twins were likely half-siblings (r(xy) = 0.17), supporting a previous finding of heteropaternity in Antarctic fur seals. This result suggests that mate infidelity during estrus maybe common in Antarctic fur seals, which has implications for our understanding of this species's mating system. The twinning rate estimated at Cape Shirreff (0.12% or 6 twins per 4,965 births) is consistent with the scarcity of twin births observed in pinnipeds, which is associated with the high cost of nursing multiple pups in these animals. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bonin, Carolina A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Goebel, Michael E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory M.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
[Burton, Ronald S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Marine Biol Res, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Bonin, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM cabonin@ucsd.edu; Mike.Goebel@noaa.gov; gocorryc@hboi.fau.edu;
rburton@ucsd.edu
RI Burton, Ron/F-7694-2010
FU NSF/IGERT [0903551]
FX C.A. Bonin is currently supported by NSF/IGERT grant # 0903551. This
research was conducted with resources granted by the United States
Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program (US-AMLR). We specially thank
Dr. George Watters for his support. Laboratory logistics was provided by
the Protected Resources Division at the Southwest Fisheries Science
Center, La Jolla, CA, USA (including the Marine Mammal and Marine Turtle
Molecular Research Collection where the samples of this study are
currently housed). We thank Amanda Bowman, Victoria Pease and Gabriela
Serra-Valente, for kindly handling budget, purchasing and sample
archiving. This project was conducted with the invaluable field
assistance of Raymond Buchheit, Ryan Burner, Kevin Pietrzak, and Scott
Freeman. We thank Rosa Runcie for The study site map. Eric Lewallen, Amy
Van Cise, Kathleen Fisch and Sean Schoville largely improved this
manuscript with their reviews. We also thank Dr. William Perrin for
final edits. We are very grateful to the "Programa Antartico Brasileiro"
(PROANTAR) and the "Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia do Brasil",
especially Dra. Maria Cordelia Machado and CMD Jose Robson de Oliveira
Medeiros for their generous support during the 2009-10 field season.
Finally, we thank three anonymous referees for reviewing this
manuscript, providing us with helpful comments and suggestions. [RH]
NR 61
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD JAN 31
PY 2012
VL 412
BP 13
EP 19
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.10.010
PG 7
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 906AG
UT WOS:000301316700002
ER
PT J
AU Drumm, DT
Kreiser, B
AF Drumm, David T.
Kreiser, Brian
TI Population genetic structure and phylogeography of Mesokalliapseudes
macsweenyi (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) in the northwestern Atlantic and Gulf
of Mexico
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Crustacea; Phylogeography; Population genetics; Tanaidacea
ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; SPECIES COMPLEX; BRACHIDONTES-EXUSTUS;
SCORCHED MUSSEL; CONTROL REGION; HISTORY; SEQUENCES; CRAB; SPECIATION;
DISPERSAL
AB Various studies of Gulf of Mexico/Atlantic populations have detected a phylogeographic break created by the Florida peninsula despite the fact that many of these species possess planktonic larvae and/or highly vagile adults. In light of these results, one would predict that the genetic structure in a species with limited dispersal ability would be heavily influenced by the geologic history of this region. Mesokalliapseudes macsweenyi is a direct developing benthic crustacean that occurs in coastal regions of the southeastern United States, ranging from South Carolina to Mississippi. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were obtained from 159 specimens representing eight collection sites from across a large portion of its known range to assess the population genetic and phylogeographic structure. Significant genetic structure existed among populations and between the Atlantic/Gulf of Mexico regions, consistent with expectations based on its life history of direct larval development and a sedentary adult stage. Demographic analyses inferred a population expansion in the Gulf of Mexico, which might reflect a Pleistocene post-glacial range expansion. The significant population structure exhibited by the northern Gulf of Mexico populations is likely the product of isolation among populations post expansion, but the diversity of haplotypes might also reflect under-sampled variation or the persistence of individuals in northern refugia during the Pleistocene. Crown Copyright (c) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Drumm, David T.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
[Kreiser, Brian] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
RP Drumm, DT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM david.drumm@eagles.usm.edu; Brian.Kreiser@usm.edu
FU Univ. of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory; NSF
[DEB-0529749]
FX We wish to thank all the people who collected and/or provided specimens:
the senior author's former Master's thesis advisor, Charles Messing
(Nova Southeastern Univ. Oceanographic Center) and his graduate student
Eric Rosch; Thomas Dix and David Karlen of the Environmental Protection
Commission of Hillsborough County; and fellow colleagues John Foster and
Kris White for their help in the field. Thanks to the two anonymous
reviewers who improved the quality of the manuscript. The senior author
would like to acknowledge his doctoral advisor, Richard W. Heard (Univ.
of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory) for supporting
this study. This study was initially supported by an NSF grant
(DEB-0529749). [RH]
NR 73
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD JAN 31
PY 2012
VL 412
BP 58
EP 65
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.10.023
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 906AG
UT WOS:000301316700008
ER
PT J
AU Woodson, SA
Kilburn, D
Roh, JH
Briber, RM
AF Woodson, Sarah A.
Kilburn, Duncan
Roh, Joon Ho
Briber, R. M.
TI RNA Folding in Crowded Solutions
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Woodson, Sarah A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Kilburn, Duncan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Roh, Joon Ho; Briber, R. M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Roh, Joon Ho] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
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PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
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VL 102
IS 3
SU 1
BP 3A
EP 4A
PG 2
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SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561200018
ER
PT J
AU Kent, MS
Akgun, B
Nanda, H
Curtis, JE
Satija, S
Shi, XM
Engen, JR
AF Kent, Michael S.
Akgun, Bulent
Nanda, Hirsh
Curtis, Joseph E.
Satija, Sushil
Shi, Xiaomeng
Engen, John R.
TI Conformational Change of HIV Nef upon Insertion into Lipid Membranes
Resolved by Neutron Reflectivity
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Kent, Michael S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Akgun, Bulent; Nanda, Hirsh; Curtis, Joseph E.; Satija, Sushil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Shi, Xiaomeng; Engen, John R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
NR 0
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SN 0006-3495
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SU 1
BP 26A
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PG 1
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SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561200130
ER
PT J
AU Shekhar, P
Zimmermann, K
Losche, M
Stern, LJ
Heinrich, F
AF Shekhar, Prabhanshu
Zimmermann, Kerstin
Loesche, Mathias
Stern, Lawrence J.
Heinrich, Frank
TI Lipid Membrane Association of the T Cell Antigen Receptor zeta Subunit:
Affinities and Structure
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Loesche, Mathias; Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Zimmermann, Kerstin; Stern, Lawrence J.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA.
[Loesche, Mathias; Heinrich, Frank] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
NR 3
TC 0
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PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
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BP 32A
EP 32A
PG 1
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SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561200162
ER
PT J
AU Holmstrom, ED
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Holmstrom, Erik D.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Localized Heating of Single Oligonucleotides using Infrared Light
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
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U2 0
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
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VL 102
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SU 1
BP 180A
EP 180A
PG 1
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561201198
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JY
Tokumasu, F
Sackett, D
Nossal, R
Hwang, J
AF Lee, Ji Youn
Tokumasu, Fuyuki
Sackett, Dan
Nossal, Ralph
Hwang, Jeeseong
TI Label-Free Hyperspectral Imaging of Intracellular Hemoglobin in Human
Erythrocytes
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Lee, Ji Youn; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tokumasu, Fuyuki; Sackett, Dan; Nossal, Ralph] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
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SU 1
BP 195A
EP 195A
PG 1
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561201280
ER
PT J
AU Fore, S
Koberling, F
Koenig, M
Kapusta, P
Kraemer, B
Ewers, B
Erdmann, R
Ruettinger, S
Fiore, JL
Nesbitt, D
AF Fore, Samantha
Koberling, Felix
Koenig, Marcelle
Kapusta, Peter
Kraemer, Bendedikt
Ewers, Benjamin
Erdmann, Rainer
Ruettinger, Steffen
Fiore, Julie L.
Nesbitt, David
TI Time-Resolved Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy: A Generalized Approach
Enables New Directions for FLIM, FRET and FCS
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Fore, Samantha] PicoQuant Photon North Amer Inc, Westfield, MA USA.
[Koberling, Felix; Koenig, Marcelle; Kapusta, Peter; Kraemer, Bendedikt; Ewers, Benjamin; Erdmann, Rainer; Ruettinger, Steffen] PicoQuant GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
[Fiore, Julie L.; Nesbitt, David] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA.
[Fiore, Julie L.; Nesbitt, David] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Kapusta, Peter/E-9688-2010
OI Kapusta, Peter/0000-0002-1975-7260
NR 2
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PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
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SU 1
BP 199A
EP 199A
PG 1
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561201302
ER
PT J
AU Nanda, H
Weinrich, M
Majkrzak, CF
Maranville, BB
Worcester, DL
Bezrukov, SM
AF Nanda, Hirsh
Weinrich, Michael
Majkrzak, Charles F.
Maranville, Brian B.
Worcester, David L.
Bezrukov, Sergey M.
TI Anesthetic Concentrations of Halothane Change the Domain Structure of
Mixed Lipid Membranes
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Nanda, Hirsh; Majkrzak, Charles F.; Maranville, Brian B.; Worcester, David L.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Weinrich, Michael] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NR 0
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PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
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SU 1
BP 288A
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GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561202049
ER
PT J
AU Krzyzanowski, N
Garg, S
Porcar, L
Butler, PD
Perez-Salas, U
AF Krzyzanowski, Natalie
Garg, Sumit
Porcar, Lionel
Butler, Paul D.
Perez-Salas, Ursula
TI Temperature Behavior of Nanometer-Size Lipid Domains in DPPC: DLPC Model
Membranes Studied by Small Angle Neutron Scattering
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Krzyzanowski, Natalie; Garg, Sumit; Perez-Salas, Ursula] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 20899 USA.
[Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Structures Grp, Grenoble, France.
[Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011
NR 0
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PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
EI 1542-0086
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
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PY 2012
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EP 293A
PG 1
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SC Biophysics
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UT WOS:000321561202073
ER
PT J
AU Lesoine, JF
AF Lesoine, John F.
TI Quantitative Scheme for Full-Field Polarization Rotating Fluorescence
Microscopy (PROM) using a Liquid Crystal Variable Retarder
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Lesoine, John F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
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PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
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PD JAN 31
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SU 1
BP 300A
EP 300A
PG 1
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561202110
ER
PT J
AU Shenoy, S
Shekhar, P
Heinrich, F
Nanda, H
Curtis, J
King, K
Gericke, A
Ross, A
Losche, M
AF Shenoy, Siddharth
Shekhar, Prabhanshu
Heinrich, Frank
Nanda, Hirsh
Curtis, Joseph
King, Katrice
Gericke, Arne
Ross, Alonzo
Loesche, Mathias
TI Structure and Kinetics of PTEN Tumor Suppressor Association with Lipid
Membranes
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Shenoy, Siddharth; Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Curtis, Joseph; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[King, Katrice; Gericke, Arne] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA.
[Ross, Alonzo] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA.
NR 0
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PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
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PT J
AU Khodadadi, S
Krueger, S
Curtis, JE
AF Khodadadi, Sheila
Krueger, Susan
Curtis, Joseph E.
TI Protein Structure in Amorphous Solid Phase
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Khodadadi, Sheila; Krueger, Susan; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
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U1 1
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PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
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SU 1
BP 443A
EP 443A
PG 1
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SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561203119
ER
PT J
AU Montange, RK
Bull, MS
Shanblatt, ER
Perkins, TT
AF Montange, Rebecca K.
Bull, Matthew S.
Shanblatt, Elisabth R.
Perkins, Thomas T.
TI Optimizing Bead Size Improves Force Precision in Optical Traps
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Montange, Rebecca K.; Bull, Matthew S.; Shanblatt, Elisabth R.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Montange, Rebecca K.; Bull, Matthew S.; Shanblatt, Elisabth R.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bull, Matthew S.; Shanblatt, Elisabth R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
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PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
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PD JAN 31
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SU 1
BP 577A
EP 577A
PG 1
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561204094
ER
PT J
AU Meuse, CW
AF Meuse, Curtis W.
TI Measuring Moments of Protein Conformation Distributions using Infrared
Spectroscopy
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Rockville, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
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PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
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PD JAN 31
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SU 1
BP 590A
EP 590A
PG 1
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SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561204164
ER
PT J
AU Drown, B
Culbertson, MJ
Reiner, JE
Robertson, JWF
Balijepalli, A
Kasianowicz, JJ
Burden, DL
AF Drown, Bryon
Culbertson, Michael J.
Reiner, Joseph E.
Robertson, Joseph W. F.
Balijepalli, Arvind
Kasianowicz, John J.
Burden, Daniel L.
TI Kinetic Dynamcs in an alpha Hl-Based Nanopore DNA Sequencer
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Drown, Bryon; Culbertson, Michael J.; Burden, Daniel L.] Wheaton Coll, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA.
[Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA.
[Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Balijepalli, Arvind; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
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BP 727A
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GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561205147
ER
PT J
AU Burden, DL
Drown, B
Culbertson, MJ
Reiner, JE
Robertson, JWF
Balijepalli, A
Kasianowicz, JJ
AF Burden, Daniel L.
Drown, Bryon
Culbertson, Michael J.
Reiner, Joseph E.
Robertson, Joseph W. F.
Balijepalli, Arvind
Kasianowicz, John J.
TI Simulating Nanopore Sensor Dynamics Over Long Times Scales
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Burden, Daniel L.; Drown, Bryon; Culbertson, Michael J.] Wheaton Coll, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA.
[Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA.
[Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Balijepalli, Arvind; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
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PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
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SU 1
BP 728A
EP 728A
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GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561205154
ER
PT J
AU Nickels, JD
O'Neill, H
Curtis, JE
Sokolov, A
AF Nickels, Jonathan D.
O'Neill, Hugh
Curtis, Joseph E.
Sokolov, Alexei
TI Methyl Dynamics in Biological Macromolecules: Evolution and Implications
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Nickels, Jonathan D.; O'Neill, Hugh; Sokolov, Alexei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Nickels, Jonathan D.; Sokolov, Alexei] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.
[Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RI Nickels, Jonathan/I-1913-2012
OI Nickels, Jonathan/0000-0001-8351-7846
NR 0
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PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD JAN 31
PY 2012
VL 102
IS 3
SU 1
BP 731A
EP 732A
PG 2
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561205169
ER
PT J
AU Balijepalli, A
Lee, KI
Im, W
Pastor, RW
AF Balijepalli, Arvind
Lee, Kyu Il
Im, Wonpil
Pastor, Richard W.
TI Modeling Polymer Interactions with Nanopores for DNA Sequencing and
Proteomics Applications
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society
CY FEB 25-29, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP Biophys Soc
C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; Pastor, Richard W.] NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Balijepalli, Arvind] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Kyu Il; Im, Wonpil] Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Lee, Kyu Il; Im, Wonpil] Univ Kansas, Ctr Bioinformat, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD JAN 31
PY 2012
VL 102
IS 3
SU 1
BP 732A
EP 732A
PG 1
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 179ZF
UT WOS:000321561205170
ER
PT J
AU Hudson, DD
Kutz, JN
Schibli, TR
Christodoulides, DN
Morandotti, R
Cundiff, ST
AF Hudson, Darren D.
Kutz, J. Nathan
Schibli, Thomas R.
Christodoulides, Demetrios N.
Morandotti, Roberto
Cundiff, Steven T.
TI Spatial distribution clamping of discrete spatial solitons due to three
photon absorption in AlGaAs waveguide arrays
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL SOLITONS
AB We observe clamping of the output spatial light distribution of a waveguide array. Using a chirped pulse amplifier we reach peak intensities in the waveguides of similar to 24 GW/cm(2). At this level, three photon absorption in the AlGaAs material clamps the discrete spatial soliton to a set distribution. Further increase in intensity does not change the distribution. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Hudson, Darren D.; Schibli, Thomas R.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hudson, Darren D.; Schibli, Thomas R.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kutz, J. Nathan] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA USA.
[Christodoulides, Demetrios N.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Morandotti, Roberto] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Varennes, PQ, Canada.
RP Hudson, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD JAN 30
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 3
BP 1939
EP 1944
DI 10.1364/OE.20.001939
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 895ME
UT WOS:000300499500003
PM 22330434
ER
PT J
AU Willits, JT
Weiner, AM
Cundiff, ST
AF Willits, John T.
Weiner, Andrew M.
Cundiff, Steven T.
TI Line-by-line pulse shaping with spectral resolution below 890 MHz
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGED PHASED-ARRAY; WAVE-FORM GENERATION; WAVELENGTH DEMULTIPLEXER;
DISPERSION; VIPA; LASER; COMB
AB Line-by-line pulse shaping is demonstrated on a 890 MHz repetition rate mode-locked titanium sapphire laser. The high resolution pulse shaper is based on a virtual imaged phased array (VIPA) with a free spectral range of 25 GHz. For our implementation, the mask repeats every VIPA free spectral range, which corresponds to every 28 comb lines. Individual frequency modes from the laser are also resolved using the same VIPA paired with a diffraction grating to achieve a resolution of 357 MHz. Several output waveforms are compared with simulation to understand differences with the ideal case. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Willits, John T.; Weiner, Andrew M.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Willits, John T.; Weiner, Andrew M.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Willits, John T.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Willits, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
FU NIST; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0601692]
FX Funding for this project was provided by NIST. AMW also acknowledges
funding from the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-0601692.
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 22
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD JAN 30
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 3
BP 3110
EP 3117
DI 10.1364/OE.20.003110
PG 8
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 895ME
UT WOS:000300499500117
PM 22330548
ER
PT J
AU Killgore, JP
Hurley, DC
AF Killgore, Jason P.
Hurley, Donna C.
TI Pulsed contact resonance for atomic force microscopy nanomechanical
measurements
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ADHESIVE
AB We demonstrate an improved technique for nanomechanical imaging in atomic force microscopy. By merging the sensitivity to contact stiffness inherent to contact resonance (CR) spectroscopy with the delicate nature and potential for adhesion data of pulsed-force mode, we address major shortcomings of both techniques. Fast CR data are recorded during each pulsed cycle by driving the sample at two frequencies near the CR frequency and modeling the contact as a harmonic oscillator. The technique provides nanomechanical parameters including frequency, quality factor, and adhesion force. Compared to continuous contact, the technique should reduce damage and support more complex analysis models. [doi:10.1063/1.3680212]
C1 [Killgore, Jason P.; Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Killgore, Jason P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Killgore, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jason.killgore@nist.gov
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 23
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JAN 30
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 5
AR 053104
DI 10.1063/1.3680212
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 889HW
UT WOS:000300065300060
ER
PT J
AU Xia, YL
Ek, M
Wei, HL
Meng, J
AF Xia, Youlong
Ek, Mike
Wei, Helin
Meng, Jesse
TI Comparative analysis of relationships between NLDAS-2 forcings and model
outputs
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE NLDAS-2; forcings; water and energy fluxes; land surface models
ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL;
SCHEME
AB This study reports results from an analysis of the relationship between atmospheric forcing and model-simulated water and energy fluxes for the North American Land Data Assimilation System Project Phase 2 (NLDAS-2). The relationships between mean monthly precipitation and total runoff are stronger in the Sacramento (SAC) and variable infiltration capacity (VIC) models, which grew out of the hydrological community, than in the Noah and Mosaic models, which grew out of the soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) community. The reverse is true for the relationship between mean monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration. In addition, surface energy fluxes in VIC are less sensitive to model forcing (except for air temperature) than those in the Noah and Mosaic model. Notwithstanding these general conclusions, the relationships between forcings and model-simulated water and energy fluxes for all models vary for different seasons, variables, and regions. These findings will ultimately inspire a combination of SVAT-type model energy components with hydrological model water components to develop a SVAT-hydrology model to improve both evapotranspiration and total runoff simulations. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Mike; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Modeling, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20233 USA.
[Xia, Youlong; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] NCEP EMC, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Xia, YL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Modeling, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20233 USA.
EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov
FU NOAA CPPA (Climate Prediction Program of the Americas) EMC
FX YX would like to thank Dr Andy Wood from Colorado River Forecast Center
whose edits/comments greatly improved the quality and readability of
this paper. This project was supported by NOAA CPPA (Climate Prediction
Program of the Americas) EMC core project.
NR 25
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0885-6087
EI 1099-1085
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD JAN 30
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 3
BP 467
EP 474
DI 10.1002/hyp.8240
PG 8
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 879ZJ
UT WOS:000299373000014
ER
PT J
AU Fang, TW
Forbes, JM
AF Fang, Tzu-Wei
Forbes, Jeffrey M.
TI Ionosphere response to recurrent geomagnetic activity in 1974
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI 2-DAY OSCILLATION; WAVE TYPE OSCILLATIONS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS;
MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PLANETARY-WAVES; SOLAR-CYCLES; SPACED DATA;
THERMOSPHERE; F2-LAYER; HEIGHT
AB The 9 day variation of Earth's thermosphere neutral density in 2005 and 2006 is known to have been influenced by rotating solar coronal holes and the quasiperiodic solar wind high-speed streams (HSSs) and by the concomitant recurrent geomagnetic activity that they induce. The corresponding responses in ion temperature, ionospheric electron density, and total electron content have also been reported during the same period. In 1974, a significant 13.5 day periodicity in geomagnetic activity was created by the quasiperiodic HSS associated with two major solar coronal hole regions separated by about 180 degrees. In the present paper, ionospheric F-region peak plasma density (NmF2) and height (h(m)F(2)) in the daytime and nighttime from 12 ionosonde stations are analyzed to delineate the responses to this epoch of HSS forcing of the geospace system. Results show that the ionospheric responses to this 13.5 day periodic forcing are similar in some ways to responses to the 9 day periodicity. For instance, in middle and high latitudes, daytime and nighttime NmF2 is mostly out of phase with the fluctuations in the daily mean K-p index ((K-p) over bar), while the daytime h(m)F(2) are in phase with the (K-p) over bar fluctuations. Empirical model results confirm the important role of thermal expansion in connecting thermospheric and ionospheric changes driven by high-speed streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity. At low latitudes, the 13.5 day signatures are not as straightforward as those at middle and high latitudes, and significant spectral energy thought to be connected with planetary waves and perhaps other lower-atmosphere influences exists at periods of less than 13.5 days.
C1 [Fang, Tzu-Wei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Forbes, Jeffrey M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fang, Tzu-Wei] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Fang, TW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Fang, Tzu-Wei/I-4882-2013;
OI FORBES, JEFFREY/0000-0001-6937-0796
FU NASA [NNX09AI11G]
FX This work was supported under NASA grant NNX09AI11G to the University of
Colorado. The authors thank Bruce Bowman of Space Command for use of the
neutral density data for 1974.
NR 42
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD JAN 26
PY 2012
VL 117
AR A01318
DI 10.1029/2011JA017017
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 884IZ
UT WOS:000299699500002
ER
PT J
AU Sergeev, V
Nishimura, Y
Kubyshkina, M
Angelopoulos, V
Nakamura, R
Singer, H
AF Sergeev, V.
Nishimura, Y.
Kubyshkina, M.
Angelopoulos, V.
Nakamura, R.
Singer, H.
TI Magnetospheric location of the equatorward prebreakup arc
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBSTORM GROWTH-PHASE; EARTH PLASMA SHEET; ISOTROPY BOUNDARIES; AURORAL
ARCS; PRECIPITATION; CONFIGURATION; MAGNETOTAIL; PARTICLES; MIDNIGHT;
TAIL
AB We address the long-standing problem of the location and origin of the equatorwardmost Pre-Breakup auroral Arc (PBA) by combining energetic particle observations from NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) overpasses of prebreakup arcs with auroral imaging and magnetospheric observations from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission. The prebreakup arc was observed within a few minutes of auroral breakup and similar to 1-2 hours in MLT from the breakup meridian. For three ideal conjunctions out of 16 PBA crossings, we also construct a dynamically-adapted magnetospheric model after adding concurrent magnetic observations by the GOES spacecraft. Model-predicted isotropy boundaries of energetic particles are compared with observations, informing us about model uncertainties. Direct mapping with adapted models as well as particle flux comparisons between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere confirm that the PBA source lies within the region of the steep equatorial magnetic field gradient, where the equatorial field is also small (5-20 nT). That equatorial location, at roughly 8-10 Re, is likely the earthwardmost edge of the thin cross-tail current sheet. From observations we find that the prebreakup arc nearly coincides in latitude with the energy-dispersed, 30-300 keV electron isotropy boundary. Here the non-adiabatic electron precipitation from the high flux region of the outer radiation belt near its outer edge produces a narrow, intense energetic electron precipitation region, called the energetic electron arc (EEA). Two fortuitous conjunctions with DMSP also confirm that energetic (>20 keV) EEA electrons and lower energy, inverted-V electrons associated with the PBA are collocated. We suggest that EEA formation is an inherent part of the PBA formation process. By creating an enhanced conductance strip, the EEA (a seed arc) produces ionospheric polarization that leads to field-aligned current generation and associated field-aligned electron precipitation. We also discuss implications of our findings for the substorm onset mechanism.
C1 [Sergeev, V.; Kubyshkina, M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.
[Nishimura, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Nishimura, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.
[Nakamura, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria.
[Singer, H.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Sergeev, V (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.
EM victor@geo.phys.spbu.ru
RI Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Sergeev,
Victor/H-1173-2013
OI Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Nakamura,
Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631
FU German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation
and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; THEMIS [NAS5-02099]; SPbU [11.38.47.2011];
RFBR [10-05-91163]; FP7 [269198, 263325]
FX The DMSP particle detectors were designed by Dave Hardy of AFRL, and
data obtained from JHU/APL. CDAWeb database is run by the NGDC at
NASA/GSFC. Thanks to K. H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for
the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University
of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry
for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space
(DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. We thank L. Lyons, T. Sotirelis and N.
Tsyganenko for the discussions, and M. Kholeva and Judy Hohl for help in
preparing the manuscript. The work was supported by THEMIS contract
NAS5-02099. The work by V.S. and M.K. was also supported by SPbU grant
11.38.47.2011, by FP7 grants 269198 (Geoplasmas) and 263325 (ECLAT), and
by RFBR grant 10-05-91163.
NR 40
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD JAN 25
PY 2012
VL 117
AR A01212
DI 10.1029/2011JA017154
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 884IV
UT WOS:000299699000003
ER
PT J
AU Kazil, J
Zhang, K
Stier, P
Feichter, J
Lohmann, U
O'Brien, K
AF Kazil, J.
Zhang, K.
Stier, P.
Feichter, J.
Lohmann, U.
O'Brien, K.
TI The present-day decadal solar cycle modulation of Earth's radiative
forcing via charged H2SO4/H2O aerosol nucleation
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE MODEL ECHAM5-HAM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GALACTIC
COSMIC-RAYS; SULFURIC-ACID; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; SATELLITE DATA;
ATMOSPHERE
AB The decadal solar cycle modulation of Earth's radiative forcing via ionization of the atmosphere by galactic cosmic rays, aerosol formation from the gas phase, and the response of clouds to aerosol is quantified for the first time with a climate model that represents and couples the relevant processes. Simulations are conducted for solar maximum and minimum conditions, with present-day anthropogenic aerosol and aerosol precursor gas emissions, and contemporary large-scale meteorology. The solar cycle signal appears in atmospheric ionization, aerosol formation from the gas phase, aerosol concentrations, aerosol optical depth, and in cloud properties, and is most pronounced at mid-and high latitudes. The resulting solar cycle modulation of Earth's radiative forcing exhibits a distinct hemispheric asymmetry, with peak values of -0.14 W m(-2) in the southern and -0.06 W m(-2) in the northern mid-latitudes. Globally and annually averaged, the solar cycle modulation of Earth's radiative forcing, arising from the increase in atmospheric ionization by galactic cosmic rays from solar maximum to minimum, via charged nu