FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Santora, JA AF Santora, Jarrod A. TI Habitat use of hourglass dolphins near the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Circumpolar Current; Habitat use; Hourglass dolphin; Lagenorhynchus cruciger; South Shetland Islands ID CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; OCEAN; KRILL; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; GEORGIA; MODELS AB The hourglass dolphin Lagenorhynchus cruciger is the only regularly occurring small delphinid found south of the Antarctic Polar Front, yet little is known about its ecology and habitat use. This study uses 8 years (14 cruises) of standardized shipboard surveys during January-March (2003-2011) in southern Drake Passage near the South Shetland Islands to summarize the spatial distribution of hourglass dolphin sightings and quantify habitat use. Sighting data are linked to bathymetry (depth, slope) and distance to the average location of oceanographic features. A generalized linear model is used to examine the relationships between sightings and habitat features. Hourglass dolphins were sighted on 50% of surveys (n = 29); sightings were concentrated in February. Group size tended to be 2-6 individuals; there were only 2 sightings of larger groups, of 15 and 25 individuals. Sightings were distributed entirely within the deep pelagic waters north of the South Shetland Islands in southern Drake Passage and were closely associated with the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Information on occurrence and distribution reported in this study may be useful for refining habitat associations for hourglass dolphins at regional scales in the Southern Ocean. C1 NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com FU NOAA US; NSF-OPP [OPP-9983751] FX Funding support was provided by contracts to J. A. Santora from the NOAA US Antarctic Marine Living Resources program and to Richard R. Veit from an NSF-OPP grant (OPP-9983751). A special thanks to Michael P. Force and Kimberly S. Dietrich (photo credit) for assisting in collecting observations and to Valerie J. Loeb for providing valuable discussion. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 19 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.1007/s00300-011-1133-8 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 921MB UT WOS:000302480600015 ER PT J AU Farashahi, RR Moody, D Wu, HF AF Farashahi, Reza Rezaeian Moody, Dustin Wu, Hongfeng TI Isomorphism classes of Edwards curves over finite fields SO FINITE FIELDS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Elliptic curve; Edwards curve; Isomorphism classes; Cryptography ID HYPERELLIPTIC CURVES; ELLIPTIC-CURVES; GENUS-2 AB Edwards curves are an alternate model for elliptic curves, which have attracted notice in cryptography. We give exact formulas for the number of F-q-isomorphism classes of Edwards curves and twisted Edwards curves. This answers a question recently asked by R. Farashahi and I. Shparlinski. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moody, Dustin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Farashahi, Reza Rezaeian] Macquarie Univ, Dept Comp, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Farashahi, Reza Rezaeian] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Esfahan, Iran. [Wu, Hongfeng] N China Univ Technol, Coll Sci, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China. RP Moody, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM reza.farashahi@mq.edu.au; dbmoody25@gmail.com; whfmath@gmail.com NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1071-5797 J9 FINITE FIELDS TH APP JI Finite Fields their Appl. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 597 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.ffa.2011.12.004 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 912NW UT WOS:000301807900011 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Ma, X Zachariah, MR AF Liu, Q. Ma, X. Zachariah, M. R. TI Combined on-line differential mobility and particle mass analysis for determination of size resolved particle density and microstructure evolution SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Mobility analysis; Porosity measurement; Density measurement ID AEROSOL; ANALYZER; KINETICS AB A new application of on-line tandem differential mobility-particle mass analysis (DMA-APM) is used to obtain the density distribution, detect the reaction evolution, and investigate the mechanism of porous particle formation. The expected uncertainty of the density measurement is within 5%. The method has several advantages over absorption methods such as BET in which pore model is required. The methodology also enables a size resolved measurement to understand how particle porosity varies over a given particle population. The DMA-APM method is materials independent, and can measure the density even in a particle with inaccessible pores. In this paper we demonstrate the method during the synthesis of mesoporous iron oxide and copper oxide. For example in the formation of iron oxide we found that small particles (similar to 50 nm) in the size distribution had a higher density (similar to 2.6 g/cm(3)) relative to larger 130 nm particles with a measured density of 2.2 g/cm(3). Syntheses at higher temperatures lead to high density particles which were also less size sensitive. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Q.; Ma, X.; Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, X.; Zachariah, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu FU NSF-NIRT FX Support for this work comes from a NSF-NIRT Grant. In addition,the authors wish to acknowledge the microscopy support through the University of Maryland Nanocenter, Dr. John T. Fourkas for the BET characterization support and Peter Y. Zavalij for the X-ray diffraction assistance. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 153 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.11.017 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 910AK UT WOS:000301609400031 ER PT J AU Galletti, M Zrnic, DS AF Galletti, Michele Zrnic, Dusan S. TI Degree of Polarization at Simultaneous Transmit: Theoretical Aspects SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Copolar correlation coefficient; degree of polarization at simultaneous transmit; differential reflectivity; simultaneous transmission mode ID DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; ERROR ANALYSIS; WEATHER RADAR; RADIATION AB We consider weather radar measurements at simultaneous transmission and simultaneous reception of horizontal and vertical polarizations and show that the degree of polarization at simultaneous transmit (p(s)) is related to differential reflectivity and copolar correlation coefficient at simultaneous transmit (namely, Z(DR)(s) and rho(s)(hv)). We evaluate the potential of degree of polarization at simultaneous transmit for weather radar applications. Ultimately, we explore the consequences of adjusting the transmit polarization state of dual-polarization weather radars to circular polarization. C1 [Galletti, Michele] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Galletti, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mgalletti@bnl.gov; dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2170150 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 904YV UT WOS:000301236900013 ER PT J AU Melnikov, VM Lee, RR Langlieb, NJ AF Melnikov, Valery M. Lee, Robert R. Langlieb, Nicholas J. TI Resonance Effects Within S-Band in Echoes From Birds SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Differential reflectivity; radar echo from birds; S-band ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; CLEAR-AIR; INSECTS AB It is shown that the scattering resonance effects in echoes from migrating birds are so strong that a 10% frequency deviation within S-band can result in more than 10-dB changes in reflectivity values. Differential reflectivity values from adjacent polarimetric WSR-88D weather radars operating at offset frequencies can differ by several decibels in "clear air" echoes. C1 [Melnikov, Valery M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Melnikov, Valery M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lee, Robert R.; Langlieb, Nicholas J.] Natl Weather Serv, Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Melnikov, VM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov; Robert.R.Lee@noaa.gov; Nicholas.Langlieb@noaa.gov FU Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Department of Commerce, under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Department of Commerce, under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2169933 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 904YV UT WOS:000301236900019 ER PT J AU Meyer, S Caldarone, EM Chicharo, MA Clemmesen, C Faria, AM Faulk, C Folkvord, A Holt, GJ Hoie, H Kanstinger, P Malzahn, A Moran, D Petereit, C Stottrup, JG Peck, MA AF Meyer, S. Caldarone, E. M. Chicharo, M. A. Clemmesen, C. Faria, A. M. Faulk, C. Folkvord, A. Holt, G. J. Hoie, H. Kanstinger, P. Malzahn, A. Moran, D. Petereit, C. Stottrup, J. G. Peck, M. A. TI On the edge of death: Rates of decline and lower thresholds of biochemical condition in food-deprived fish larvae and juveniles SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE RNA-DNA ratio; Starvation rate; Mortality threshold; Time to death; Percentile approach ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; RNA-DNA RATIOS; SIZE-AT-AGE; ATLANTIC COD; RNA/DNA RATIOS; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; ROUTINE METABOLISM; CLUPEA-HARENGUS AB Gaining reliable estimates of how long fish early life stages can survive without feeding and how starvation rate and time until death are influenced by body size, temperature and species is critical to understanding processes controlling mortality in the sea. The present study is an across-species analysis of starvation-induced changes in biochemical condition in early life stages of nine marine and freshwater fishes. Data were compiled on changes in body size (dry weight, DW) and biochemical condition (standardized RNA-DNA ratio, sRD) throughout the course of starvation of yolk-sac and feeding larvae and juveniles in the laboratory. In all cases, the mean biochemical condition of groups decreased exponentially with starvation time, regardless of initial condition and endogenous yolk reserves. A starvation rate for individuals was estimated from discrete 75th percentiles of sampled populations versus time (degree-days, Dd). The 10th percentile of sRD successfully approximated the lowest, life-stage-specific biochemical condition (the edge of death). Temperature could explain 59% of the variability in time to death whereas DW had no effect. Species and life-stage-specific differences in starvation parameters suggest selective adaptation to food deprivation. Previously published, interspecific functions predicting the relationship between growth rate and sRD in feeding fish larvae do not apply to individuals experiencing prolonged food deprivation. Starvation rate, edge of death, and time to death are viable proxies for the physiological processes under food deprivation of individual fish pre-recruits in the laboratory and provide useful metrics for research on the role of starvation in the sea. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meyer, S.; Kanstinger, P.; Peck, M. A.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, Ctr Marine & Climate Res, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Caldarone, E. M.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Chicharo, M. A.] Univ Algarve, CCMAR, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. [Clemmesen, C.; Petereit, C.] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Faria, A. M.] Inst Super Psicol Aplicada, Ecoethol Res Unit, P-1149041 Lisbon, Portugal. [Faulk, C.; Holt, G. J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Folkvord, A.; Hoie, H.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Malzahn, A.] Biol Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany. [Malzahn, A.] Helmholtz Ctr Geesthacht, Ctr Mat & Coastal Res, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Moran, D.] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Stottrup, J. G.] Danish Tech Univ, DTU Aqua, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Coastal Ecol, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Meyer, S (reprint author), Assoc Marine Aquaculture, Hafentorn 3, D-25761 Busum, Germany. EM meyer@gma-buesum.de RI Moran, Damian/G-6015-2011; Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011; chicharo, maria/B-5077-2013; Malzahn, Arne/C-5851-2013; UALG, CCMAR/N-7071-2013; Clemmesen, Catriona/B-1480-2014; OI Moran, Damian/0000-0001-9097-0147; Malzahn, Arne/0000-0002-2027-0804; Clemmesen, Catriona/0000-0003-4102-7341; Stottrup, Josianne/0000-0002-0921-8773; Teodosio Chicharo, Maria/0000-0002-0939-9885; Faria, Ana M./0000-0001-7969-3177 FU MarinERA program "ECODRIVE"; DTU Aqua; University Hamburg FX Partial funding to attend and present these results at the "Workshop on understanding and quantifying mortality in fish early-life stages: experiments, observations and models" (WKMOR, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 22-24 March 2010) was provided to M.A. Peck by the MarinERA program "ECODRIVE". Funding for S. Meyer was partly provided by a research contract agreement between DTU Aqua and University Hamburg. The authors gratefully acknowledge the comments provided by two anonymous reviewers and special-editor E.D. Houde. NR 75 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 SI SI BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.09.010 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 896SN UT WOS:000300591800003 ER PT J AU Pajerowski, DM Hallock, SJ AF Pajerowski, Daniel M. Hallock, Scott J. TI Demagnetization in photomagnetic films SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Photoinduced magnetism; Photomagnet; Prussian blue analog; Demagnetization; Thin film ID ANISOTROPIC PHOTOINDUCED MAGNETISM; PRUSSIAN BLUE ANALOG; COBALT-IRON CYANIDE; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIZATION; BEHAVIOR AB We present a model for demagnetization in photomagnetic films, and investigate different regimes for the magnetizing process using finite element analysis. It is found that the demagnetizing factor may depend strongly upon the high-spin fraction of the film, and the specifics of the dependence are dictated by the microscopic morphology of the photomagnetic domains. This picture allows for facile interpretation of existing data on photomagnetic films, and can even explain an observed photoinduced decrease in low-field magnetization concurrent with increase in high-spin fraction. As a whole, these results reiterate the need to consider demagnetizing effects in photomagnetic films. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Hallock, Scott J.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hallock, Scott J.] Winston Churchill High Sch, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. RP Pajerowski, DM (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel@pajerowski.com OI Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU NIST; Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS); National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Summer High-school Internship Program (SHIP) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research, the financial support provided by NIST and the Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS), and the usage of facilities supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 324 IS 10 BP 1818 EP 1821 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.01.005 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 899AD UT WOS:000300782700013 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JD Petersburg, CF Calley, WL Jaye, C Fischer, DA Alamgir, FM Doolittle, WA AF Greenlee, Jordan D. Petersburg, Cole F. Calley, W. Laws Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Alamgir, Faisal M. Doolittle, W. Alan TI In-situ oxygen x-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of the resistance modulation mechanism in LiNbO2 memristors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONVOLATILE MEMORY APPLICATION; RESISTIVE-SWITCHING MEMORY; THIN OXIDE-FILMS; NEGATIVE RESISTANCE; TRANSITION; DEVICES; LIXNBO2 AB In situ near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) is performed on LiNbO2 analog memristors to identify the underlying analog resistance modulation mechanism. Empty electronic state gradients in the NEXAFS difference spectra are observed in biased devices indicating a gradual movement of lithium. This movement of lithium supports the assertion that simple ion dopant drift and diffusion dominate the analog memristor's resistance response. By identifying the physical memristance mechanism in analog LiNbO2 memristors, suggestions are made for additions to the memristor to modify device performance for both neuromorphic computing and memory applications. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709422] C1 [Greenlee, Jordan D.; Calley, W. Laws; Doolittle, W. Alan] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Petersburg, Cole F.; Alamgir, Faisal M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Greenlee, JD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Alamgir, Faisal/0000-0002-0894-8096; Greenlee, Jordan/0000-0002-9244-0470 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0219]; MRSEC of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0820382]; Department of Defense (DoD); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by an Office of Naval Research Basic Science Grant N00014-10-1-0219 monitored by Dr. Daniel Green, by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMR-0820382, and by the Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 18 AR 182106 DI 10.1063/1.4709422 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 936NZ UT WOS:000303598600030 ER PT J AU Lupton, JE Arculus, RJ Evans, LJ Graham, DW AF Lupton, J. E. Arculus, R. J. Evans, L. J. Graham, D. W. TI Mantle hotspot neon in basalts from the Northwest Lau Back-arc Basin SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARGON ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; NOBLE-GASES; SOLAR COMPONENT; LOIHI SEAMOUNT; SAMOAN LAVAS; GLASSES; HELIUM; RIDGE; EARTH; ISLAND AB The neon isotope compositions of basalts from the Northwest Lau Back-arc Basin reflect three-component mixing between an ocean island basalt (OIB) mantle hotspot component, mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle, and atmosphere. Our study confirms that a mantle hotspot signature is present in the neon isotopes of both the Rochambeau Rifts and the Northwest Lau Spreading Center (NWLSC), just as it is in the helium isotopes. Furthermore, the Ne isotope signature in the Rochambeau Rifts lava having the highest He-3/He-4 ratio (28 R-a) most closely resembles that observed previously in the highest He-3/He-4 lavas from Samoa. The coupled He-Ne isotope systematics are further evidence for incursion into this region of material derived from the Samoan mantle plume. Citation: Lupton, J. E., R. J. Arculus, L. J. Evans, and D. W. Graham (2012), Mantle hotspot neon in basalts from the Northwest Lau Back-arc Basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08308, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051201. C1 [Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Arculus, R. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Evans, L. J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR USA. [Graham, D. W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lupton, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM john.e.lupton@noaa.gov OI Graham, David/0000-0002-7411-1905 FU Australian Marine National Facility; NOAA; National Science Foundation FX We thank the shore-and ship-based staff and crew of the Australian Marine National Facility for their outstanding support of the SS07/2008 research voyage. We are grateful to the governments of Fiji and Tonga for their permission to conduct scientific research in their waters. Susan Merle helped with the graphics, and Sandra Bigley helped with editing. Pete Burnard and Robert Poreda provided constructive reviews. This work was supported by the NOAA Vents Program and the Marine Geology & Geophysics program of the National Science Foundation. This is PMEL contribution 3821. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L08308 DI 10.1029/2012GL051201 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 933AM UT WOS:000303331600001 ER PT J AU Hormann, V Lumpkin, R Foltz, GR AF Hormann, Verena Lumpkin, Rick Foltz, Gregory R. TI Interannual North Equatorial Countercurrent variability and its relation to tropical Atlantic climate modes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE CIRCULATION; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; MERIDIONAL MODE; OCEAN DYNAMICS; UPPER LAYER; EL-NINO; IN-SITU; PACIFIC; CURRENTS; PATHWAYS AB A synthesis product of the surface geostrophic circulation is used to quantify the interannual variability of the wind-driven North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC). The first mode of a complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) decomposition of zonal geostrophic velocity in the NECC region reveals pronounced latitudinal displacements in addition to variations in current strength. While north-south migrations of the NECC are mainly captured by the real pattern, the imaginary pattern accounts for variations in its strength. Associated with these spatial patterns is prevailing propagation toward the northwest that is most pronounced northward of the mean NECC position (similar to 6 degrees N). There is evidence that the zonal propagation characteristics are consistent with long Rossby waves forced in the northeastern tropical Atlantic. The relationship between interannual NECC variations and the tropical Atlantic climate modes is investigated through regression and composite analyses. Sea surface temperature and wind stress patterns resembling the meridional and zonal modes are found for the CEOF regression. Composite analysis further shows consistent patterns for warm phases of the meridional mode and cold phases of the zonal mode; the response of the NECC to a positive meridional and negative zonal mode event may be viewed as a northward shift of its core and a current strengthening, respectively. These results support a link between the two dominant tropical Atlantic climate modes and show that the relation between interannual NECC variability and the meridional and zonal modes can primarily be regarded as a response to changes in the wind field. C1 [Hormann, Verena] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hormann, Verena; Lumpkin, Rick; Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hormann, V (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM verena.hormann@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1226]; CNES FX This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement NA17RJ1226. Additional support was provided by NOAA's Climate Program Office and NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NCEP Daily Global Analyses data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). PIRATA data are provided by the TAO project office (http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/data_deliv/deliv.html). The Lagrangian simulation presented in this study was developed from code created by Nikolai Maximenko (University of Hawaii). Discussions with Peter Brandt and comments from Renellys Perez, three anonymous reviewers as well as the responsible editor Frank Bryan led to significant improvements in the manuscript. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 28 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C04035 DI 10.1029/2011JC007697 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 932UZ UT WOS:000303317300003 ER PT J AU Bhatti, KP El-Khatib, S Srivastava, V James, RD Leighton, C AF Bhatti, Kanwal Preet El-Khatib, S. Srivastava, Vijay James, R. D. Leighton, C. TI Small-angle neutron scattering study of magnetic ordering and inhomogeneity across the martensitic phase transformation in Ni50-xCoxMn40Sn10 alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; HYSTERESIS; SEPARATION; SEARCH AB The Heusler-derived multiferroic alloy Ni50-xCoxMn40Sn10 has recently been shown to exhibit, at just above room temperature, a highly reversible martensitic phase transformation with an unusually large magnetization change. In this work the nature of the magnetic ordering above and below this transformation has been studied in detail in the critical composition range x = 6-8 via temperature-dependent (5-600 K) magnetometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We observe fairly typical paramagnetic to long-range-ordered ferromagnetic phase transitions on cooling to 420-430 K, with the expected critical spin fluctuations, followed by first-order martensitic phase transformations to a nonferromagnetic state below 360-390 K. The static magnetization reveals complex magnetism in this low-temperature nonferromagnetic phase, including a Langevin-like field dependence, distinct spin freezing near 60 K, and significant exchange bias effects, consistent with superparamagnetic blocking of ferromagnetic clusters of nanoscopic dimensions. We demonstrate that these spin clusters, whose existence has been hypothesized in a variety of martensitic alloys exhibiting competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, can be directly observed by SANS. The scattering data are consistent with a liquidlike spatial distribution of interacting magnetic clusters with a mean center-to-center spacing of 12 nm. Considering the behavior of the superparmagnetism, cooling-field and temperature-dependent exchange bias, and magnetic SANS, we discuss in detail the physical form and origin of these spin clusters, their intercluster interactions, the nature of the ground-state magnetic ordering in the martensitic phase, and the implications for our understanding of such alloy systems. C1 [Bhatti, Kanwal Preet; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [El-Khatib, S.] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Phys, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [El-Khatib, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srivastava, Vijay; James, R. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Bhatti, KP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu FU IREE; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46275]; MURI [W911NF-07-1-0410]; NSF/PIRE [OISE-0967] FX Work at the UMN supported by IREE and DOE. DOE award DE-FG02-06ER46275 is specifically acknowledged for the neutron scattering component of the work. V.S. and R.D.J. acknowledge additional support from MURI (Grant No. W911NF-07-1-0410) and NSF/PIRE (Grant No. OISE-0967). Use of facilities at the UMN Institute for Rock Magnetism is also acknowledged. C.L. would like to thank F.S. Bates, J.A. Borchers, and D. Phelan for useful discussions. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 60 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 27 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 13 AR 134450 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.134450 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 932RY UT WOS:000303309400005 ER PT J AU Lioudyno, MI Broccio, M Sokolov, Y Rasool, S Wu, J Alkire, MT Liu, V Kozak, JA Dennison, PR Glabe, CG Losche, M Hall, JE AF Lioudyno, Maria I. Broccio, Matteo Sokolov, Yuri Rasool, Suhail Wu, Jessica Alkire, Michael T. Liu, Virginia Kozak, J. Ashot Dennison, Philip R. Glabe, Charles G. Loesche, Mathias Hall, James E. TI Effect of Synthetic A beta Peptide Oligomers and Fluorinated Solvents on Kv1.3 Channel Properties and Membrane Conductance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE BRAIN; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION; ALPHA-7 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE; SOLUBLE AMYLOID OLIGOMERS; GATED POTASSIUM CHANNELS; CORTICAL-NEURONS; K+ CHANNELS; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; FIBRILLAR OLIGOMERS AB The impact of synthetic amyloid beta (1-42) (A beta(1-42)) oligomers on biophysical properties of voltage-gated potassium channels Kv 1.3 and lipid bilayer membranes (BLMs) was quantified for protocols using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as solvents prior to initiating the oligomer formation. Regardless of the solvent used A beta(1-42) samples contained oligomers that reacted with the conformation-specific antibodies A11 and OC and had similar size distributions as determined by dynamic light scattering. Patch-clamp recordings of the potassium currents showed that synthetic A beta(1-42) oligomers accelerate the activation and inactivation kinetics of Kv 1.3 current with no significant effect on current amplitude. In contrast to oligomeric samples, freshly prepared, presumably monomeric, A beta(1-42) solutions had no effect on Kv 1.3 channel properties. A beta(1-42) oligomers had no effect on the steady-state current (at -80 mV) recorded from Kv 1.3-expressing cells but increased the conductance of artificial BLMs in a dose-dependent fashion. Formation of amyloid channels, however, was not observed due to conditions of the experiments. To exclude the effects of HFIP (used to dissolve lyophilized A beta(1-42) peptide), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (used during A beta(1-42) synthesis), we determined concentrations of these fluorinated compounds in the stock A beta(1-42) solutions by F-19 NMR. After extensive evaporation, the concentration of HFIP in the 100 x stock A beta(1-42) solutions was,similar to 1.7 mu M. The concentration of residual TFA in the 70 x stock A beta(1-42) solutions was similar to 20 mu M. Even at the stock concentrations neither HFIP nor TFA alone had any effect on potassium currents or BLMs. The A beta(1-42) oligomers prepared with HFIP as solvent, however, were more potent in the electrophysiological tests, suggesting that fluorinated compounds, such as HFIP or structurally-related inhalational anesthetics, may affect A beta(1-42) aggregation and potentially enhance ability of oligomers to modulate voltage-gated ion channels and biological membrane properties. C1 [Lioudyno, Maria I.; Sokolov, Yuri; Liu, Virginia; Hall, James E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Broccio, Matteo; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Rasool, Suhail; Wu, Jessica; Glabe, Charles G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Alkire, Michael T.; Liu, Virginia] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Anesthesiol & Perioperat Care, Irvine, CA USA. [Kozak, J. Ashot] Wright State Univ, Dept Neurosci Cell Biol & Physiol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Dennison, Philip R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Lioudyno, MI (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM jhall@uci.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU National Institutes of Health [1P01 AG032131]; Larry L. Hillblom Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (1P01 AG032131) and the Larry L. Hillblom Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR e35090 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0035090 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959WQ UT WOS:000305349100006 PM 22563377 ER PT J AU Prigent, C Papa, F Aires, F Jimenez, C Rossow, WB Matthews, E AF Prigent, C. Papa, F. Aires, F. Jimenez, C. Rossow, W. B. Matthews, E. TI Changes in land surface water dynamics since the 1990s and relation to population pressure SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; STORAGE; LAKES AB We developed a remote sensing approach based on multi-satellite observations, which provides an unprecedented estimate of monthly distribution and area of land-surface open water over the whole globe. Results for 1993 to 2007 exhibit a large seasonal and inter-annual variability of the inundation extent with an overall decline in global average maximum inundated area of 6% during the fifteen-year period, primarily in tropical and subtropical South America and South Asia. The largest declines of open water are found where large increases in population have occurred over the last two decades, suggesting a global scale effect of human activities on continental surface freshwater: denser population can impact local hydrology by reducing freshwater extent, by draining marshes and wetlands, and by increasing water withdrawals. Citation: Prigent, C., F. Papa, F. Aires, C. Jimenez, W. B. Rossow, and E. Matthews (2012), Changes in land surface water dynamics since the 1990s and relation to population pressure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08403, doi:10.1029/2012GL051276. C1 [Prigent, C.; Jimenez, C.] Observ Paris, CNRS LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Papa, F.] IRD, LEGOS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Aires, F.] Estellus, F-75002 Paris, France. [Rossow, W. B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Matthews, E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Prigent, C (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS LERMA, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. EM catherine.prigent@obspm.fr RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; FU European Commission; French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche; European Space Agency; NASA [NNDX7AO90E] FX This research was supported in part by the Sixth Framework Program of the European Commission (Water & Global Change), by the French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (IMPACT-Boreal), by the European Space Agency (ALANIS-Methane), and by NASA (NEWS grant NNDX7AO90E). We thank the Editor and two reviewers for valuable comments. The authors thank Bertrand Decharme and Frederic Frappart for very productive discussions and comments. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L08403 DI 10.1029/2012GL051276 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 933AG UT WOS:000303331000002 ER PT J AU Jimenez, C Prigent, C Catherinot, J Rossow, W Liang, P Moncet, JL AF Jimenez, Carlos Prigent, Catherine Catherinot, Julie Rossow, William Liang, Pan Moncet, Jean-Luc TI A comparison of ISCCP land surface temperature with other satellite and in situ observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIRS/AMSU/HSB; REFINEMENTS; PRODUCTS; CLOUDS; AQUA AB Land surface skin temperature (LST) estimates from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) are compared with estimates from the satellite instruments AIRS and MODIS, and in situ observations from CEOP. ISCCP has generally slightly warmer nighttime LSTs compared with AIRS and MODIS (global) and CEOP (at specific sites). Differences are smaller than 2K, similar to other reported biases between satellite estimates. Larger differences are found in the day-time LSTs, especially for those regions where large LST values occur. Inspection of the AIRS and ISCCP brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere (TOA-BT) reveals that where the LSTs differ so too do the TOA-BT values. Area-averaged day-time TOA-BT values can differ as much as 5K in very dry regions. This could be related to differences in sensor calibration, but also to the large LST gradients at the AIRS mid-day overpass that likely amplify the impact of sensor mismatches. Part of the studied LST differences are also explained by discrepancies in the AIRS and ISCCP characterization of the surface (emissivity) and the atmosphere (water vapor). ISCCP calibration procedures are currently being revised to account better for sensor spectral response differences, and alternative atmospheric and surface data sets are being tested as part of a complete ISCCP reprocessing. This is expected to result in an improved ISCCP LST record. C1 [Jimenez, Carlos; Prigent, Catherine; Catherinot, Julie] Observ Paris, CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Rossow, William] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Liang, Pan; Moncet, Jean-Luc] AER Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Jimenez, C (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. EM carlos.jimenez@obspm.fr RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D08111 DI 10.1029/2011JD017058 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 932UJ UT WOS:000303315700005 ER PT J AU Vess, EM Wallace, CJ Campbell, HM Awadalla, VE Hodges, JT Long, DA Havey, DK AF Vess, E. M. Wallace, C. J. Campbell, H. M. Awadalla, V. E. Hodges, J. T. Long, D. A. Havey, D. K. TI Measurement of H2O Broadening of O-2 A-Band Transitions and Implications for Atmospheric Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR LINE ABSORPTION; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; HIGH-PRECISION; CO2 LINE; OXYGEN; PARAMETERS; INTENSITY; LINESHAPE; SPECTRA AB We present laboratory measurements of H2O-broadened O-16(2) A-band (b(1)Sigma(+)(g) <- X-3 Sigma(-)(g)(0,0)) absorption spectra acquired with a laser-based photoacoustic spectroscopy method. This absorption band is widely used in a variety of high-precision atmospheric remote sensing applications. We report H2O broadening parameters for six of the strongest transitions in this band, and we show that these measured values are nominally 1.5-2 times greater than the corresponding air-broadening parameters. Simulations of atmospheric transmission spectra in the O-2 A-band that incorporate our measured H2O broadening parameters indicate that H2O present at concentrations typically found in the Earth's atmosphere can influence the column-integrated transmission relative to the dry air case. Further, because of spatial and seasonal variations in humidity, failure to account for the enhanced H2O pressure broadening effects can lead to concomitant biases in atmospheric O-2 A-band retrievals of quantities such as surface pressure and path length in greenhouse gas retrievals. C1 [Vess, E. M.; Wallace, C. J.; Campbell, H. M.; Awadalla, V. E.; Havey, D. K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Hodges, J. T.; Long, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Havey, DK (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB10H250] FX This work was supported primarily by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through a measurement science grant (70NANB10H250) and the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program. Measurements were carried out at James Madison University. Debra Wunch (California Institute of Technology) is thanked for providing the TCCON profiles, which were accessed at https://tccon-wiki.caltech.edu/ on 13 Dec 2011. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 16 BP 4069 EP 4073 DI 10.1021/jp301194j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 930VW UT WOS:000303173700011 PM 22452330 ER PT J AU Hazzard, KRA Gurarie, V Hermele, M Rey, AM AF Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Gurarie, Victor Hermele, Michael Rey, Ana Maria TI High-temperature properties of fermionic alkaline-earth-metal atoms in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; PHYSICS; CLOCKS; LIMIT AB We calculate experimentally relevant properties of trapped fermionic alkaline-earth-metal atoms in an optical lattice, modeled by the SU(N) Hubbard model. We employ a high-temperature expansion that is accurate when the temperature is larger than the tunneling rate, similar to current regimes in ultracold atom experiments. In addition to exploring the Mott insulator-metal crossover, we calculate final temperatures achieved by the standard experimental protocol of adiabatically ramping from a noninteracting gas, as a function of initial gas temperature. Of particular experimental interest, we find that increasing N for fixed particle numbers and initial temperatures gives substantially colder Mott insulators after the adiabatic ramping, up to more than a factor of 5 for relevant parameters. This cooling happens for all N, fixing the initial entropy, or for all N less than or similar to 20 (the exact value depends on dimensionality), at fixed, experimentally relevant initial temperatures. C1 [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Gurarie, Victor; Hermele, Michael; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hazzard, KRA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kaden.hazzard@colorado.edu OI Hermele, Michael/0000-0003-2594-1176 FU NSF [PFC, PIF-0904017, DMR-0449521]; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE; DOE [de-sc0003910] FX We thank Salvatore Manmana, Adrian Feiguin, and Achim Rosch for discussions. A.M.R. and K.H. are supported by grants from the NSF (PFC and PIF-0904017), the AFOSR, and a grant from the ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE. M.H. is supported by DOE Grant No. de-sc0003910, and V.G. is supported by NSF Grants No. DMR-0449521 and No. PIF-0904017. K.H. thanks the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by an NSF grant, for its hospitality during the writing of this paper. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 4 AR 041604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.041604 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 931QP UT WOS:000303234700001 ER PT J AU Saam, B Petukhov, AK Chastagnier, J Gentile, TR Golub, R Swank, CM AF Saam, B. Petukhov, A. K. Chastagnier, J. Gentile, T. R. Golub, R. Swank, C. M. TI Comment on "Pressure dependence of wall relaxation in polarized He-3 gaseous cells" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPIN RELAXATION; NUCLEAR-RELAXATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DIFFUSION AB Zheng et al. [Zheng, Gao, Ye, and Zhang, Phys. Rev. A 83, 061401(R) (2011)] have measured a strong linear pressure dependence of the nuclear relaxation rate of He-3 in glass cells typically used to generate and/or store polarized He-3 at room and cryogenic temperatures. Their interpretation is that this linear dependence is a general characteristic of paramagnetic wall relaxation, and they offer a theoretical explanation of the effect based on diffusion theory in the bulk with an incorrect boundary condition. We question the physical basis of the boundary condition and suggest some alternate explanations of the observations. Numerous previous studies support a broadly valid pressure-independent model for wall relaxation. C1 [Saam, B.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Petukhov, A. K.; Chastagnier, J.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Golub, R.; Swank, C. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Saam, B (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM saam@physics.utah.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 4 AR 047401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.047401 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 931QP UT WOS:000303234700009 ER PT J AU Qian, B Lee, J Hu, J Wang, GC Kumar, P Fang, MH Liu, TJ Fobes, D Pham, H Spinu, L Wu, XS Green, M Lee, SH Mao, ZQ AF Qian, B. Lee, J. Hu, J. Wang, G. C. Kumar, P. Fang, M. H. Liu, T. J. Fobes, D. Pham, H. Spinu, L. Wu, X. S. Green, M. Lee, S. H. Mao, Z. Q. TI Ferromagnetism in CuFeSb: Evidence of competing magnetic interactions in iron-based superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; COEXISTENCE; LIFEAS; ORDER AB We have synthesized a new layered iron-pnictide CuFeSb. This material shares a similar layered tetragonal structure with iron-based superconductors, with Fe square planar sheets forming from the edge-sharing iron antimony tetrahedral network. CuFeSb differs remarkably from Fe-based superconductors in the height of anion Z(anion) from the Fe plane; Z(Sb) for CuFeSb is similar to 1.84 angstrom, much larger than Z(As) (1.31-1.51 angstrom) in FeAs compounds and Z(Te) (similar to 1.77 angstrom) in Fe1+yTe. In contrast with the metallic antiferromagnetic (AFM) or superconducting state of iron pnictides and chalcogenides under current studies, CuFeSb exhibits a metallic, ferromagnetic (FM) state with T-c = 375 K. This finding suggests that the competition between AFM and FM coupling may exist in Fe-based superconductors and that the nature of magnetic coupling within the Fe plane is indeed dependent on the height of anion as predicted in theories. C1 [Qian, B.; Hu, J.; Wang, G. C.; Kumar, P.; Fang, M. H.; Liu, T. J.; Fobes, D.; Mao, Z. Q.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Qian, B.] Changshu Inst Technol, Adv Funct Mat Lab, Changshu 215500, Peoples R China. [Qian, B.] Changshu Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Changshu 215500, Peoples R China. [Lee, J.; Lee, S. H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Pham, H.; Spinu, L.] Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Pham, H.; Spinu, L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Wu, X. S.] Nanjing Univ, Solid State Microstruct Lab, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wu, X. S.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Green, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. RP Mao, ZQ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM zmao@tulane.edu RI LIU, TIJIANG/A-3242-2013; Fobes, David/E-8526-2014; Hu, Jin/C-4141-2014; Lee, Jooseop/A-5631-2016 OI Fobes, David/0000-0001-8252-2061; Hu, Jin/0000-0003-0080-4239; Lee, Jooseop/0000-0002-4413-5412 FU NSF [DMR-0645305]; LA-SiGMA [EPS-1003897-1-0031, EPS-1003897 -1-0031]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-10ER46384]; National Key Projects for Basic Research of China [2010CB923404]; Qing Lan Project; NNSFC [11174043, 10874021] FX We would like to acknowledge useful discussions with W. Ku, J. P. Hu, Z. Lu, and D. Singh. Work at Tulane is supported by the NSF under Grant DMR-0645305 and the LA-SiGMA program under Award No. EPS-1003897-1-0031. Work at UV and NCNR were partly supported by the US Department of Energy through Contract No. DE-FG02-10ER46384. Work at NJU is supported by National Key Projects for Basic Research of China (No. 2010CB923404). Work at CIT is supported by Qing Lan Project and NNSFC under Grant Nos. 11174043 and 10874021. Work at UNO is supported by the LA-SiGMA program under Award No. EPS-1003897 -1-0031. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 14 AR 144427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.144427 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 931QY UT WOS:000303235600002 ER PT J AU Glasser, RT Vogl, U Lett, PD AF Glasser, Ryan T. Vogl, Ulrich Lett, Paul D. TI Stimulated Generation of Superluminal Light Pulses via Four-Wave Mixing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SLOW LIGHT; RUBIDIUM VAPOR; ATOMIC VAPOR; PROPAGATION; GAIN; VELOCITY; STORAGE; FIELD AB We report on the four-wave mixing of superluminal pulses, in which both the injected and generated pulses involved in the process propagate with negative group velocities. Generated pulses with negative group velocities of up to v(g) = -1/880c are demonstrated, corresponding to the generated pulse's peak exiting the 1.7 cm long medium approximate to 50 ns earlier than if it had propagated at the speed of light in vacuum, c. We also show that in some cases the seeded pulse may propagate with a group velocity larger than c, and that the generated conjugate pulse peak may exit the medium even earlier than the amplified seed pulse peak. We can control the group velocities of the two pulses by changing the seed detuning and the input seed power. C1 [Glasser, Ryan T.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glasser, RT (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NIST; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This research was performed while Ryan Glasser held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. Ulrich Vogl would like to thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 17 AR 173902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.173902 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 931SA UT WOS:000303238400005 PM 22680868 ER PT J AU Araujo-Pradere, EA Fang, TW Anderson, DN Fedrizzi, M Stoneback, R AF Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A. Fang, Tzu-Wei Anderson, David N. Fedrizzi, Mariangel Stoneback, Russell TI Modeling the daytime, equatorial ionospheric ion densities associated with the observed, four-cell longitude patterns in E x B drift velocities SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-REGION; ATMOSPHERE; ELECTRODYNAMICS; MIDDLE AB Previous studies have quantified the longitude gradients in E x B drift associated with the four-cell tidal structures and have confirmed that these sharp gradients exist on a day-to-day basis. For this paper, we incorporate the Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) sensor on the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite to obtain the daytime, vertical E x B drift velocities at the magnetic equator as a function of longitude, local time, and season and to theoretically calculate the F region ion densities as a function of altitude, latitude, longitude, and local time using the Global Ionosphere Plasmasphere model. We compare calculated ion densities assuming no longitude gradients in E x B drift velocities with calculated ion densities incorporating the IVM-observed E x B drift at the boundaries of the four-cell tidal structures in the Peruvian and the Atlantic longitude sectors. Incorporating the IVM-observed E x B drift velocities, the ion density crests rapidly converge to the magnetic equator between 285 and 300 degrees E geographic longitude, are absent between 300 degrees and 305 degrees, and move away from the magnetic equator between 305 degrees and 340 degrees. In essence, the steeper the longitude gradient in E x B drifts, the steeper the longitude gradient in the equatorial anomaly crest location. C1 [Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Anderson, David N.; Fedrizzi, Mariangel] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stoneback, Russell] Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Anderson, David N.; Fedrizzi, Mariangel] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Araujo-Pradere, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway,W NP9, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eduardo.araujo@noaa.gov RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012; Fang, Tzu-Wei/I-4882-2013 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense; NASA [NAS5-01068]; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; AFOSR [FA9550-09-0408] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, NASA, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. At the University of Colorado, this work is supported by AFOSR grant FA9550-09-0408. This work is supported at the University of Texas at Dallas by NASA grant NAS5-01068. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 47 AR RS0L12 DI 10.1029/2011RS004930 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 932VU UT WOS:000303319400003 ER PT J AU Britton, JW Sawyer, BC Keith, AC Wang, CCJ Freericks, JK Uys, H Biercuk, MJ Bollinger, JJ AF Britton, Joseph W. Sawyer, Brian C. Keith, Adam C. Wang, C. -C. Joseph Freericks, James K. Uys, Hermann Biercuk, Michael J. Bollinger, John J. TI Engineered two-dimensional Ising interactions in a trapped-ion quantum simulator with hundreds of spins SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICES; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; PHYSICS; GASES AB The presence of long-range quantum spin correlations underlies a variety of physical phenomena in condensed-matter systems, potentially including high-temperature superconductivity(1,2). However, many properties of exotic, strongly correlated spin systems, such as spin liquids, have proved difficult to study, in part because calculations involving N-body entanglement become intractable for as few as N approximate to 30 particles(3). Feynman predicted that a quantum simulator-a special-purpose 'analogue' processor built using quantum bits (qubits)-would be inherently suited to solving such problems(4,5). In the context of quantum magnetism, a number of experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach(6-14), but simulations allowing controlled, tunable interactions between spins localized on two- or three-dimensional lattices of more than a few tens of qubits have yet to be demonstrated, in part because of the technical challenge of realizing large-scale qubit arrays. Here we demonstrate a variable-range Ising-type spin-spin interaction, J(i,j), on a naturally occurring, two-dimensional triangular crystal lattice of hundreds of spin-half particles (beryllium ions stored in a Penning trap). This is a computationally relevant scale more than an order of magnitude larger than previous experiments. We show that a spin-dependent optical dipole force can produce an antiferromagnetic interaction J(i,j) proportional to d(i,j)(-a), where 0 <= a <= 3 and d(i,j) is the distance between spin pairs. These power laws correspond physically to infinite-range (a = 0), Coulomb-like (a = 1), monopole-dipole (a = 2) and dipole-dipole (a = 3) couplings. Experimentally, we demonstrate excellent agreement with a theory for 0.05 less than or similar to a less than or similar to 1.4. This demonstration, coupled with the high spin count, excellent quantum control and low technical complexity of the Penning trap, brings within reach the simulation of otherwise computationally intractable problems in quantum magnetism. C1 [Britton, Joseph W.; Sawyer, Brian C.; Bollinger, John J.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Keith, Adam C.; Wang, C. -C. Joseph; Freericks, James K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Keith, Adam C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Uys, Hermann] CSIR, Natl Laser Ctr, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Biercuk, Michael J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Britton, JW (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joe.britton@gmail.com RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010; Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU DARPA OLE; NIST; NSF [DMR-1004268]; NRC; Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems [CE110001013] FX This work was supported by the DARPA OLE programme and NIST. A. C. K. was supported by the NSF under grant number DMR-1004268. B. C. S. is supported by an NRC fellowship funded by NIST. J.K.F. was supported by the McDevitt endowment bequest at Georgetown University. M.J.B. and J.J.B. acknowledge partial support from the Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems CE110001013. We thank F. Da Silva, R. Jordens, D. Leibfried, A. O'Brien, R. Scalettar and A. M. Rey for discussions. NR 30 TC 261 Z9 261 U1 2 U2 71 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 26 PY 2012 VL 484 IS 7395 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.1038/nature10981 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 931FF UT WOS:000303200400045 PM 22538611 ER PT J AU Capotondi, A Alexander, MA Bond, NA Curchitser, EN Scott, JD AF Capotondi, Antonietta Alexander, Michael A. Bond, Nicholas A. Curchitser, Enrique N. Scott, James D. TI Enhanced upper ocean stratification with climate change in the CMIP3 models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; COUPLED MODEL; SEA-ICE; OXYGEN; SIMULATION; IMPACT; CYCLE; OSCILLATION AB Changes in upper ocean stratification during the second half of the 21st century, relative to the second half of the 20th century, are examined in ten of the CMIP3 climate models according to the SRES-A2 scenario. The upper ocean stratification, defined here as the density difference between 200 m and the surface, is larger everywhere during the second half of the 21st century, indicative of an increasing degree of decoupling between the surface and the deeper oceans, with important consequences for many biogeochemical processes. The areas characterized by the largest stratification changes include the Arctic, the tropics, the North Atlantic, and the northeast Pacific. The increase in stratification is primarily due to the increase in surface temperature, whose influence upon density is largest in the tropical regions, and decreases with increasing latitude. The influence of salinity upon the stratification changes, while not as spatially extensive as that of temperature, is very large in the Arctic, North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific. Salinity also significantly contributes to the density decrease near the surface in the western tropical Pacific, but counteracts the negative influence of temperature upon density in the tropical Atlantic. C1 [Capotondi, Antonietta; Scott, James D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta; Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Capotondi, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM antonietta.capotondi@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU NSF as part of the synthesis phase of the GLOBEC [1544901] FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. We thank C. Deser and W. Large for very insightful suggestions at an early stage of this study, and P. Durack and S. Wijffels for making their salinity data available to us. Claudia Tebaldi has provided invaluable help with the statistical significance computation. We also thank A. Sen Gupta, and P. Durack for their excellent comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Support for this study was provided by NSF grant 1544901 as part of the synthesis phase of the GLOBEC Program. NR 61 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 25 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C04031 DI 10.1029/2011JC007409 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 932UT UT WOS:000303316700001 ER PT J AU Konicek, AR Grierson, DS Sumant, AV Friedmann, TA Sullivan, JP Gilbert, PUPA Sawyer, WG Carpick, RW AF Konicek, A. R. Grierson, D. S. Sumant, A. V. Friedmann, T. A. Sullivan, J. P. Gilbert, P. U. P. A. Sawyer, W. G. Carpick, R. W. TI Influence of surface passivation on the friction and wear behavior of ultrananocrystalline diamond and tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CVD DIAMOND; COATINGS; VACUUM; DEPOSITION; ADHESION; HYDROGEN; TRIBOCHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENTS AB Highly sp(3)-bonded, nearly hydrogen-free carbon-based materials can exhibit extremely low friction and wear in the absence of any liquid lubricant, but this physical behavior is limited by the vapor environment. The effect of water vapor on friction and wear is examined as a function of applied normal force for two such materials in thin film form: one that is fully amorphous in structure (tetrahedral amorphous carbon, or ta-C) and one that is polycrystalline with <10 nm grains [ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD)]. Tribologically induced changes in the chemistry and carbon bond hybridization at the surface are correlated with the effect of the sliding environment and loading conditions through ex situ, spatially resolved near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. At sufficiently high relative humidity (RH) levels and/or sufficiently low loads, both films quickly achieve a low steady-state friction coefficient and subsequently exhibit low wear. For both films, the number of cycles necessary to reach the steady-state is progressively reduced for increasing RH levels. Worn regions formed at lower RH and higher loads have a higher concentration of chemisorbed oxygen than those formed at higher RH, with the oxygen singly bonded as hydroxyl groups (C-OH). While some carbon rehybridization from sp(3) to disordered sp(2) bonding is observed, no crystalline graphite formation is observed for either film. Rather, the primary solid-lubrication mechanism is the passivation of dangling bonds by OH and H from the dissociation of vapor-phase H2O. This vapor-phase lubrication mechanism is highly effective, producing friction coefficients as low as 0.078 for ta-C and 0.008 for UNCD, and wear rates requiring thousands of sliding passes to produce a few nanometers of wear. C1 [Konicek, A. R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Grierson, D. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sumant, A. V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Friedmann, T. A.; Sullivan, J. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gilbert, P. U. P. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sawyer, W. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Konicek, AR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sawyer, Wallace/A-7983-2008; Gilbert, Pupa/A-6299-2010 OI Sawyer, Wallace/0000-0002-4461-7227; Gilbert, Pupa/0000-0002-0139-2099 FU Air Force grant [FA9550-08-1-0024]; Nano/Bio Interface Center through the National Science Foundation NSEC [DMR08-32802]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia Corporation under US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank A. Scholl and A. Doran for their help with PEEM measurements. Funding was provided by Air Force grant FA9550-08-1-0024. This research was partially supported by the Nano/Bio Interface Center through the National Science Foundation NSEC DMR08-32802. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research was supported in part by the Sandia National Laboratories, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 55 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 67 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 25 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 15 AR 155448 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.155448 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 931CY UT WOS:000303193400002 ER PT J AU Ozeke, LG Mann, IR Murphy, KR Rae, IJ Milling, DK Elkington, SR Chan, AA Singer, HJ AF Ozeke, Louis G. Mann, Ian R. Murphy, Kyle R. Rae, I. Jonathan Milling, David K. Elkington, Scot R. Chan, Anthony A. Singer, Howard J. TI ULF wave derived radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUBAURORAL MAGNETOMETER NETWORK; POLOIDAL ALFVEN WAVES; HYDROMAGNETIC-WAVES; ELECTRONS; FLUCTUATIONS; IONOSPHERE; STORM; POWER AB Waves in the ultra-low-frequency (ULF) band have frequencies which can be drift resonant with electrons in the outer radiation belt, suggesting the potential for strong interactions and enhanced radial diffusion. Previous radial diffusion coefficient models such as those presented by Brautigam and Albert (2000) have typically used semiempirical representations for both the ULF wave's electric and magnetic field power spectral densities (PSD) in space in the magnetic equatorial plane. In contrast, here we use ground-and space-based observations of ULF wave power to characterize the electric and magnetic diffusion coefficients. Expressions for the electric field power spectral densities are derived from ground-based magnetometer measurements of the magnetic field PSD, and in situ AMPTE and GOES spacecraft measurements are used to derive expressions for the compressional magnetic field PSD as functions of Kp, solar wind speed, and L-shell. Magnetic PSD results measured on the ground are mapped along the field line to give the electric field PSD in the equatorial plane assuming a guided Alfven wave solution and a thin sheet ionosphere. The ULF wave PSDs are then used to derive a set of new ULF-wave driven diffusion coefficients. These new diffusion coefficients are compared to estimates of the electric and magnetic field diffusion coefficients made by Brautigam and Albert (2000) and Brautigam et al. (2005). Significantly, our results, derived explicitly from ULF wave observations, indicate that electric field diffusion is much more important than magnetic field diffusion in the transport and energization of the radiation belt electrons. C1 [Ozeke, Louis G.; Mann, Ian R.; Murphy, Kyle R.; Rae, I. Jonathan; Milling, David K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. [Chan, Anthony A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Elkington, Scot R.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ozeke, LG (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. EM lozeke@ualberta.ca RI Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013 FU Canadian NSERC; Canadian Space Agency; NASA [NNX08AM36G, NNX10AL02G] FX I. R. Mann is supported by a Discovery Grant from Canadian NSERC. This work is supported by the Canadian Space Agency. A. A. Chan is supported by NASA grants NNX08AM36G and NNX10AL02G. We acknowledge the WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto University, Japan, for the geomagnetic indices and CDA Web for GOES and solar wind speed data. The CANOPUS magnetometer array (now CARISMA; http://www.carisma.ca) is operated by the University of Alberta and funded by the Canadian Space Agency. The Sub-Auroral Magnetometer Network (SAMNET) is operated by the Space Plasma Environment and Radio Science (SPEARS) group, Department of Physics, Lancaster University. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 24 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A04222 DI 10.1029/2011JA017463 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932TO UT WOS:000303313600003 ER PT J AU Jang, Y Akgun, B Kim, H Satija, S Char, K AF Jang, Yeongseon Akgun, Bulent Kim, Hosub Satija, Sushil Char, Kookheon TI Controlled Release from Model Blend Multilayer Films Containing Mixtures of Strong and Weak Polyelectrolytes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; FABRICATION; ROUTE; REFLECTIVITY; MORPHOLOGY; SURFACES; DELIVERY; LAYERS AB We have designed the controlled release platforms based on polyelectrolyte (PE) blend multilayer films to investigate the release mode and kinetics at the nanoscale level. The model blend multilayer films are composed of positively charged layers with weak polyelectrolytes (PEs) (linear poly(ethylenimine), LPEI) and negatively charged blend layers with mixtures of strong (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonic acid), PSS) and weak (poly(methacrylic acid), PMAA) PEs. The blend multilayer films ([LPEI/PSS:PMAA](n)) with well-defined internal structure were prepared by the spin-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method. Release properties of the multilayer films were systematically studied as a function of blend ratio by neutron reflectivity (NR), ellipsometer, AFM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Since PSS strong PEs serve as robust skeletons within the multilayer films independent of external pH variation, the burst disruption of pure weak PE multilayer films was dramatically suppressed, and the release kinetics could be accurately controlled by simply changing the PSS content within the blend films. These release properties of blend multilayer films form the basis for designing the controlled release of target active materials from surfaces. C1 [Jang, Yeongseon; Kim, Hosub; Char, Kookheon] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, WCU Program Chem Convergence Energy & Environm, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Char, K (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, WCU Program Chem Convergence Energy & Environm, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM khchar@plaza.snu.ac.kr RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST) [2010-0018290]; Brain Korea 21 Program in SNU Chemical Engineering; WCU [R31-10013]; Seoul Science Fellowship FX This work was financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST) (The National Creative Research Initiative Program for "Intelligent Hybrids Research Center" (No. 2010-0018290), the Brain Korea 21 Program in SNU Chemical Engineering, and the WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment (R31-10013)). Y. Jang is also grateful for the financial support from the Seoul Science Fellowship. We thank NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) for assigning enough beamtime to conduct NR experiments at NG7 beamline. In addition, we appreciate Dr. Ki-Yeon Kim and Dr. Jung-Soo Lee for allowing us to use the REF-V beamline at the HANARO Center of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 24 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3542 EP 3549 DI 10.1021/ma3002615 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 929RT UT WOS:000303083900029 ER PT J AU Karimkashi, S Zhang, GF AF Karimkashi, Shaya Zhang, Guifu TI An optimal design of a cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar for weather sensing SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY; PATTERN SYNTHESIS; CROSS-POLARIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB An optimal design of a cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar (CPPAR) for weather sensing is presented. A recently introduced invasive weed optimization (IWO) technique is employed to obtain the desired radiation pattern of the CPPAR. Instead of optimizing each element excitation in a large array (with expensive calculation costs), the modified Bernstein polynomial distribution, defined by seven parameters, is used to optimize the current distribution for the CPPAR. The simulation results show that the desired sidelobe levels (SLLs) and beam width are achieved in a computationally effective manner. Furthermore, the imaged feed arrangement is used to suppress the cross-polarization level. Both co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns for broadside and off-broadside directions are presented to show the performance of the optimized CPPAR. C1 [Karimkashi, Shaya; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Karimkashi, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 4600, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM shaya.karimkashi@ou.edu RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU NOAA [NA08OAR4320904]; NSF [AGS-1046171] FX The work is supported by NOAA grant NA08OAR4320904 and NSF grant AGS-1046171. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD APR 24 PY 2012 VL 47 AR RS2017 DI 10.1029/2011RS004753 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 932VR UT WOS:000303319100001 ER PT J AU Takasu, Y Saito, Y Takahashi, Y Borkowski, M Ciurylo, R Julienne, PS AF Takasu, Yosuke Saito, Yutaka Takahashi, Yoshiro Borkowski, Mateusz Ciurylo, Roman Julienne, Paul S. TI Controlled Production of Subradiant States of a Diatomic Molecule in an Optical Lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-QUADRUPOLE; PHOTOASSOCIATIVE SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-DIPOLE; TRANSITION AB We report the successful production of subradiant states of a two-atom system in a three-dimensional optical lattice starting from doubly occupied sites in a Mott insulator phase of a quantum gas of atomic ytterbium. We can selectively produce either a subradiant 1(g) state or a superradiant 0(u) state by choosing the excitation laser frequency. The inherent weak excitation rate for the subradiant 1(g) state is overcome by the increased atomic density due to the tight confinement in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Our experimental measurements of binding energies, linewidth, and Zeeman shift confirm the observation of subradiant levels of the 1(g) state of the Yb-2 molecule. C1 [Takasu, Yosuke; Saito, Yutaka; Takahashi, Yoshiro] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Takahashi, Yoshiro] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. [Borkowski, Mateusz; Ciurylo, Roman] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Takasu, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RI Borkowski, Mateusz/C-2499-2013; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU JSPS [18204035, 21102005C01, 21104513A03, 22684022]; GCOE Program "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence'' from MEXT of Japan; FIRST; Matsuo Foundation; Polish MNISW [N N202 1489 33]; Nicolaus Copernicus University Grant [141-F]; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Development Fund; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland FX We acknowledge Yb group members at Kyoto University for their experimental assistance. This work was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of JSPS [No. 18204035, 21102005C01 (Quantum Cybernetics), 21104513A03 (DYCE), 22684022], the GCOE Program "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence'' from MEXT of Japan, FIRST, and Matsuo Foundation. The research was partially supported by the Polish MNISW (Project No. N N202 1489 33), Nicolaus Copernicus University Grant No. 141-F, and the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project cofinanced by the EU European Development Fund and is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 17 AR 173002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.173002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 980TP UT WOS:000306916700004 PM 22680859 ER PT J AU Pibida, L AF Pibida, L. TI Measurements for the Development of a Simulated Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Naturally occurring radioactive materials; NORM content; NORM gamma-ray spectra; simulated NORM AB Nineteen different commercially available samples containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) (i.e., natural uranium, thorium, radium and potassium) were investigated, including zircon sand, cat litter, roofing tiles, ice melt and fertilizer among others. A large variation in isotopic composition was observed across the measured samples. As a result of this observation, a need was identified to develop and implement the use of a simulated NORM sample to serve as a reference standard sample containing naturally occurring radioactive elements. The purpose of the simulated NORM sample would be to simulate typical samples containing NORM to be used for testing radiation detection instruments against ANSI/IEEE and IEC document standards requirements. The design and construction of the proposed new simulated NORM sample and the subsequent energy spectra characterization measurements are presented as part of this work. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pibida, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 23 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 154 EP 167 DI 10.6028/jres.117.008 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 933UV UT WOS:000303389900001 PM 26900520 ER PT J AU Chau, KJ Lezec, HJ AF Chau, Kenneth J. Lezec, Henri J. TI Revisiting the Balazs thought experiment in the case of a left-handed material: electromagnetic-pulse-induced displacement of a dispersive, dissipative negative-index slab SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC MEDIA; MOMENTUM; ENERGY; ELECTRODYNAMICS; REFRACTION; RADIATION; METAMATERIAL; PROPAGATION; PRESSURE; FORCES AB We propose a set of postulates to describe the mechanical interaction between a plane-wave electromagnetic pulse and a dispersive, dissipative slab having a refractive index of arbitrary sign. The postulates include the Abraham electromagnetic momentum density, a generalized Lorentz force law, and a model for absorption-driven mass transfer from the pulse to the medium. These opto-mechanical mechanisms are incorporated into a one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain algorithm that solves Maxwell's equations and calculates the instantaneous force densities exerted by the pulse onto the slab, the momentum-per-unit-area of the pulse and slab, and the trajectories of the slab and system center-of-mass. We show that the postulates are consistent with conservation of global energy, momentum, and center-of-mass velocity at all times, even for cases in which the refractive index of the slab is negative or zero. Consistency between the set of postulates and well-established conservation laws reinforces the Abraham momentum density as the one true electromagnetic momentum density and enables, for the first time, identification of the correct form of the electromagnetic mass density distribution and development of an explicit model for mass transfer due to absorption, for the most general case of a ponderable medium that is both dispersive and dissipative. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Chau, Kenneth J.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC, Canada. [Lezec, Henri J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chau, KJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC, Canada. EM kenneth.chau@ubc.ca RI Chau, Kenneth/H-9020-2012 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada [366136] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with M. Mansuripur and J. Weiner. KJC acknowledges support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada Discovery Grant 366136. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 23 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 9 DI 10.1364/OE.20.010138 PG 25 WC Optics SC Optics GA 941TR UT WOS:000303989300085 PM 22535106 ER PT J AU Durban, JW Pitman, RL AF Durban, J. W. Pitman, R. L. TI Antarctic killer whales make rapid, round-trip movements to subtropical waters: evidence for physiological maintenance migrations? SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE migration; killer whales; Antarctica ID SELECTION; INSIGHTS AB Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are important predators in high latitudes, where their ecological impact is mediated through their movements. We used satellite telemetry to provide the first evidence of migration for killer whales, characterized by fast (more than 12 km h(-1), 6.5 knots) and direct movements away from Antarctic waters by six of 12 type B killer whales tagged when foraging near the Antarctic Peninsula, including all tags transmitting for more than three weeks. Tags on five of these whales revealed consistent movements to subtropical waters (30-37 degrees S) off Uruguay and Brazil, in surface water temperatures ranging from -1.98 degrees C to 24.2 degrees C; one 109 day track documented a nonstop round trip of almost 9400 km (5075 nmi) in just 42 days. Although whales travelled slower in the warmest waters, there was no obvious interruption in swim speed or direction to indicate calving or prolonged feeding. Furthermore, these movements were aseasonal, initiating over 80 days between February and April; one whale returned to within 40 km of the tagging site at the onset of the austral winter in June. We suggest that these movements may represent periodic maintenance migrations, with warmer waters allowing skin regeneration without the high cost of heat loss: a physiological constraint that may also affect other whales. C1 [Durban, J. W.; Pitman, R. L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Durban, JW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM john.durban@noaa.gov FU National Geographical Society FX Field efforts were supported by Lindblad Expeditions, BBC Natural History Unit and a grant from the National Geographical Society. J. and D. Poncet ran shipboard operations; R. Andrews advised on tagging; H. Fearnbach and S. Martin provided field assistance. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 274 EP 277 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0875 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VK UT WOS:000301304000031 PM 22031725 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Kumar, A Wang, WQ AF Zhang, Li Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu TI Influence of changes in observations on precipitation: A case study for the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; NCEP REANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; PROJECT; TEMPERATURES; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY AB Reanalysis products often show discontinuities in the time evolution of analyzed fields, particularly for the derived variables, for example, precipitation. In the recently completed Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, a sharp increase in the global mean precipitation around 1998 has been noted. A similar abrupt change also appears in several other reanalyses that have been recently completed. This sharp increase coincides with the introduction of the Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) data into the assimilation system. Based on model simulations to complement the CFSR, this study analyzes the reason behind the sudden jump in precipitation. The outputs from both the CFSR and a simulation with the CFSR's atmospheric component model forced with the observed sea surface temperature and carbon dioxide concentration are used to understand the precipitation abrupt change in the CFSR. The analysis indicates that the change results from (1) the tendency of the forecast (during the assimilation cycle) to drift toward its mean state that is cooler and drier, (2) the tendency of the assimilation to correct the first guess forecast to a wetter analysis, (3) an analysis that the period after 1998 is in an even wetter mean state due to the ingestion of the ATOVS data, and (4) the combination of previous three factors resulting in a abrupt change in precipitation during the assimilation around 1998. The results presented here may also provide the developers of the reanalysis systems further insights about the possible causes for the change in precipitation around 1998. C1 [Zhang, Li; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhang, Li] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM leigh.zhang@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 21 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D08105 DI 10.1029/2011JD017347 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930FO UT WOS:000303123300003 ER PT J AU Metcalf, AR Craven, JS Ensberg, JJ Brioude, J Angevine, W Sorooshian, A Duong, HT Jonsson, HH Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Metcalf, A. R. Craven, J. S. Ensberg, J. J. Brioude, J. Angevine, W. Sorooshian, A. Duong, H. T. Jonsson, H. H. Flagan, R. C. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Black carbon aerosol over the Los Angeles Basin during CalNex SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; AIR POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; MIXING STATE; MEXICO-CITY AB Refractory black carbon (rBC) mass and number concentrations were quantified by a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) in the CalNex 2010 field study on board the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter in the Los Angeles (LA) Basin in May, 2010. The mass concentrations of rBC in the LA Basin ranged from 0.002-0.530 mu g m(-3), with an average of 0.172 mu g m(-3). Lower concentrations were measured in the Basin outflow regions and above the inversion layer. The SP2 afforded a quantification of the mixing state of rBC aerosols through modeling the scattering cross-section with a core-and-shell Mie model to determine coating thickness. The rBC particles above the inversion layer were more thickly coated by a light-scattering substance than those below, indicating a more aged aerosol in the free troposphere. Near the surface, as the LA plume is advected from west to east with the sea breeze, a coating of scattering material grows on rBC particles, coincident with a clear growth of ammonium nitrate within the LA Basin and the persistence of water-soluble organic compounds as the plume travels through the outflow regions. Detailed analysis of the rBC mixing state reveals two modes of coated rBC particles; a mode with smaller rBC core diameters (similar to 90 nm) but thick (>200 nm) coating diameters and a mode with larger rBC cores (similar to 145 nm) with a thin (<75 nm) coating. The "weekend effect" in the LA Basin results in more thickly coated rBC particles, coinciding with more secondary formation of aerosol. C1 [Metcalf, A. R.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Craven, J. S.; Ensberg, J. J.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sorooshian, A.; Duong, H. T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Metcalf, AR (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM metcalf@caltech.edu; seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Metcalf, Andrew/C-5666-2012; OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0003-0385-1356; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU NOAA [NA09OAR4310128] FX This work was supported by NOAA grant NA09OAR4310128. The authors wish to thank Greg Kok at DMT and Anne Perring and Joshua (Shuka) Schwarz at NOAA for their guidance on data analysis and calibration. We also acknowledge the entire CIRPAS crew for their professionalism and assistance during the campaign. NR 125 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V13 DI 10.1029/2011JD017255 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930FN UT WOS:000303123200002 ER PT J AU Nguyen, F Zakka-Bajjani, E Simmonds, RW Aumentado, J AF Francois Nguyen Zakka-Bajjani, Eva Simmonds, Raymond W. Aumentado, Jose TI Quantum Interference between Two Single Photons of Different Microwave Frequencies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UP-CONVERSION; STATES; ENTANGLEMENT; CIRCUIT; QUBITS AB We have measured quantum interference between two single microwave photons trapped in the same superconducting resonator, whose frequencies are initially about 6 GHz apart. We accomplish this by use of a parametric frequency conversion process that mixes the mode currents of two cavity harmonics through a superconducting quantum interference device, and demonstrate that a two-photon entanglement operation can be performed with high fidelity. C1 [Francois Nguyen; Zakka-Bajjani, Eva; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Aumentado, Jose] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nguyen, F (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM francois.nguyen@colorado.edu; eva.zakkabajjani@colorado.edu RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 FU NIST FX This work was financially supported by NIST. We thank N. Bergren and J. Koch for technical help. We thank D. J. Wineland for his guidance and comments. We thank T. Gerrits for his comments on the manuscript. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 16 AR 163602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.163602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 929MY UT WOS:000303070600008 PM 22680718 ER PT J AU Miller, JB Lehman, SJ Montzka, SA Sweeney, C Miller, BR Karion, A Wolak, C Dlugokencky, EJ Southon, J Turnbull, JC Tans, PP AF Miller, John B. Lehman, Scott J. Montzka, Stephen A. Sweeney, Colm Miller, Benjamin R. Karion, Anna Wolak, Chad Dlugokencky, Ed J. Southon, John Turnbull, Jocelyn C. Tans, Pieter P. TI Linking emissions of fossil fuel CO2 and other anthropogenic trace gases using atmospheric (CO2)-C-14 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ZOOM MODEL TM5; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; POWER-PLANTS; EXCHANGE; SF6; RESPIRATION; VARIABILITY; INVENTORIES AB Atmospheric CO2 gradients are usually dominated by the signal from net terrestrial biological fluxes, despite the fact that fossil fuel combustion fluxes are larger in the annual mean. Here, we use a six year long series of (CO2)-C-14 and CO2 measurements obtained from vertical profiles at two northeast U.S. aircraft sampling sites to partition lower troposphere CO2 enhancements (and depletions) into terrestrial biological and fossil fuel components (C-bio and C-ff). Mean C-ff is 1.5 ppm, and 2.4 ppm when we consider only planetary boundary layer samples. However, we find that the contribution of C-bio to CO2 enhancements is large throughout the year, and averages 60% in winter. Paired observations of C-ff and the lower troposphere enhancements (Delta(gas)) of 22 other anthropogenic gases (CH4, CO, halo- and hydrocarbons and others) measured in the same samples are used to determine apparent emission ratios for each gas. We then scale these ratios by the well known U.S. fossil fuel CO2 emissions to provide observationally based estimates of national emissions for each gas and compare these to "bottom up" estimates from inventories. Correlations of Delta(gas) with C-ff for almost all gases are statistically significant with median r(2) for winter, summer and the entire year of 0.59, 0.45, and 0.42, respectively. Many gases exhibit statistically significant winter: summer differences in ratios that indicate seasonality of emissions or chemical destruction. The variability of ratios in a given season is not readily attributable to meteorological or geographic variables and instead most likely reflects real, short-term spatiotemporal variability of emissions. C1 [Miller, John B.; Montzka, Stephen A.; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, Benjamin R.; Karion, Anna; Dlugokencky, Ed J.; Turnbull, Jocelyn C.; Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lehman, Scott J.; Wolak, Chad] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, Benjamin R.; Karion, Anna; Turnbull, Jocelyn C.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Southon, John] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.b.miller@noaa.gov OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658 NR 62 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 47 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 19 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D08302 DI 10.1029/2011JD017048 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930FM UT WOS:000303123100001 ER PT J AU Chou, SG Soper, AK Khodadadi, S Curtis, JE Krueger, S Cicerone, MT Fitch, AN Shalaev, EY AF Chou, Shin G. Soper, Alan K. Khodadadi, Sheila Curtis, Joseph E. Krueger, Susan Cicerone, Marcus T. Fitch, Andrew N. Shalaev, Evgenyi Y. TI Pronounced Microheterogeneity in a Sorbitol-Water Mixture Observed through Variable Temperature Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MOBILITY; PROTEIN FORMULATIONS; SUCROSE SOLUTIONS; GLASS-TRANSITION; PRACTICAL ADVICE; SOLID-STATE; DYNAMICS; RELAXATION; TREHALOSE; PHASE AB In this study, the structure of concentrated D-sorbitol-water mixtures is studied by wide- and small-angle neutron scattering (WANS and SANS) as a function of temperature. The mixtures are prepared using both deuterated and regular sorbitol and water at a molar fraction of sorbitol of 0.19 (equivalent to 70% by weight of regular sorbitol in water). Retention of an amorphous structure (i.e., absence of crystallinity) is confirmed for this system over the entire temperature range, 100-298 K. The glass transition temperature, Tg, is found from differential scanning calorimetry to be approximately 200 K. WANS data are analyzed using empirical potential structure refinement, to obtain the site-site radial distribution functions (RDFs) and coordination numbers. This analysis reveals the presence of nanoscaled water clusters surrounded by (and interacting with) sorbitol molecules. The water clusters appear more structured compared to bulk water and, especially at the lowest temperatures, resemble the structure of low-density amorphous ice (LDA). Upon cooling to 100 K the peaks in the water RDFs become markedly sharper, with increased coordination number, indicating enhanced local (nanometer-scale) ordering, with changes taking place both above and well below the Tg. On the mesoscopic (submicrometer) scale, although there are no changes between 298 and 213 K, cooling the sample to 100 K results in a significant increase in the SANS signal, which is indicative of pronounced inhomogeneities. This increase in the scattering is partly reversed during heating, although some hysteresis is observed. Furthermore, a power law analysis of the SANS data indicates the existence of domains with well-defined interfaces on the submicrometer length scale, probably as a result of the appearance and growth of microscopic voids in the glassy matrix. Because of the unusual combination of small and wide scattering data used here, the present results provide new physical insight into the structure of aqueous glasses over a broad temperature and length scale, leading to an improved understanding of the mechanisms of temperature- and water-induced (de)stabilization of various systems, including proteins, pharmaceuticals, and biological objects. C1 [Chou, Shin G.; Khodadadi, Sheila; Curtis, Joseph E.; Krueger, Susan; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Soper, Alan K.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England. [Fitch, Andrew N.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Shalaev, Evgenyi Y.] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Shalaev, Evgenyi Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmaceut, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Shalaev, EY (reprint author), Allergan Pharmaceut Inc, 2525 Dupont Dr, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. EM shalaev_evgenyi@allergan.com FU National Research Council FX Experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beam time allocation from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work utilized facilities (NCNR) supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. S.G.C. and S.K. gratefully acknowledge partial support from the National Research Council. E.Y.S. gratefully acknowledges Dr. Simon Bates for preliminary analysis of the data using radial distribution function (not included in the manuscript) and Dr. Yuriy Abramov for helpful discussion on RDFs. S.K. gratefully acknowledges Dr. Paul Butler for help in SANS experiments and Dr. Boualem Hammouda for helpful discussions on interpretation of SANS results. The authors thank Drs. Theyencheri Narayanan and Michael Sztucki of ESRF for very useful discussions of small-angle scattering. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 19 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 15 BP 4439 EP 4447 DI 10.1021/jp2126224 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 927QK UT WOS:000302924800005 PM 22448670 ER PT J AU Sun, RY Krueger, SK AF Sun, Ruiyu Krueger, Steven K. TI Mesoanalysis of the interactions of precipitating convection and the boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME; CLOUD RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; PART I; OKLAHOMA MESONET; COMPUTING DIVERGENCE; SURFACE DIVERGENCE; IMPACT; ENVIRONMENT; VORTICITY AB The Oklahoma Mesonet surface wind data and the Arkansas Basin River Forecast Center (ABRFC) gridded hourly precipitation data from May to August, 1997, were used to demonstrate and evaluate a new method for the area-averaged near-cloud-base updraft and downdraft mass fluxes from statistics of the surface divergence field. When precipitation is used as a proxy for near-cloud-base mass fluxes, the preliminary results indicate that surface divergence is fairly well correlated with the precipitation and that the surface divergence lags the precipitation. These results suggest that it is possible to use the proposed method to infer the near-cloud-base mass fluxes. Two CRM simulations of convective systems were also used to evaluate the method. The results show there is a good correlation between the inferred and true near-cloud-base mass fluxes except for some differences in timing and at peak values. An alternative to the original near-cloud-base mass flux method using the surface divergence statistics is to use the surface precipitation. C1 [Sun, Ruiyu] NOAA, UCAR, NCEP, NWS,EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Krueger, Steven K.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Sun, RY (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR, NCEP, NWS,EMC, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM ruiyu.sun@noaa.gov; steven.krueger@utah.edu RI Sun, Ruiyu/H-9595-2012 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64553]; National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0425247] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-08ER64553, and by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. James Kelly at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology provided the IDL code for the Barnes analysis. We thank Yaping Li for providing CRM data. Comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers are very much appreciated. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD APR 18 PY 2012 VL 4 AR M04004 DI 10.1029/2011MS000096 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931EX UT WOS:000303199500001 ER PT J AU Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Harris, JM AF Oltmans, Samuel J. Johnson, Bryan J. Harris, Joyce M. TI Springtime boundary layer ozone depletion at Barrow, Alaska: Meteorological influence, year-to-year variation, and long-term change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OZONE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; SEA-ICE; POLAR SUNRISE; TROPOSPHERE; AIR; SENSITIVITY; AIRCRAFT; LATITUDE; PROGRAM AB In April 2008 and March-April 2009 near daily ozonesonde measurements were made over a several week period to study springtime Arctic boundary layer ozone loss in the vicinity of Barrow, Alaska. A detailed picture of the vertical structure of the depletion events from the soundings was obtained showing that the depletion was confined to approximately the lowest 1000 m with an average height of the top of the layer at similar to 500 m. The two years were strongly contrasting in the frequency of ozone depletion events providing an opportunity for investigating the differing conditions under which these events develop. Short-term variability of the ozone depletion events is closely tied to the frequency of airflow that is primarily Arctic Ocean in origin (more depletion) or originates at lower latitudes (less depletion). The ubiquitous depletion events are interrupted by periodic mixing of ozone rich air into the boundary layer with the onset of synoptic scale weather changes that interrupt flow from off the Arctic Ocean. A 38-year record of surface ozone measurements at Barrow provides a unique time series that reveals the strong year-to-year variability of ozone depletion event occurrence. During March, but not April or May, there has been a significant increase in the frequency of ozone depletion events. This long-term increase in March depletion events appears to follow the decline in multiyear sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and its replacement by first-year ice. This significant change in the occurrence of boundary layer ozone events in March may signal a change in the oxidative chemistry in the Arctic that is related to climate change in this sensitive region. C1 [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado Boulder, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.; Johnson, Bryan J.; Harris, Joyce M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oltmans, SJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov FU NASA part of ARCTAS [NNH08AH471] FX Funding for the ozonesonde measurements at Barrow in 2008 was provided under NASA grant NNH08AH471 as part of ARCTAS. Multiple personnel over many years have been responsible for the surface ozone measurements at Barrow and their contribution is appreciated. Of particular note is the stewardship of the NOAA Barrow Observatory by Dan Endres, who guided the operations at the observatory including the surface ozone observations for 25 years. He personally witnessed the changes in the Arctic environment over his historic tenure at Barrow. Comments and suggestions by three reviewers contributed significantly to the improvement of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00R18 DI 10.1029/2011JD016889 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930FJ UT WOS:000303122800001 ER PT J AU Barrett, SRH Yim, SHL Gilmore, CK Murray, LT Kuhn, SR Tai, APK Yantosca, RM Byun, DW Ngan, F Li, XS Levy, JI Ashok, A Koo, J Wong, HM Dessens, O Balasubramanian, S Fleming, GG Pearlson, MN Wollersheim, C Malina, R Arunachalam, S Binkowski, FS Leibensperger, EM Jacob, DJ Hileman, JI Waitz, IA AF Barrett, Steven R. H. Yim, Steve H. L. Gilmore, Christopher K. Murray, Lee T. Kuhn, Stephen R. Tai, Amos P. K. Yantosca, Robert M. Byun, Daewon W. Ngan, Fong Li, Xiangshang Levy, Jonathan I. Ashok, Akshay Koo, Jamin Wong, Hsin Min Dessens, Olivier Balasubramanian, Sathya Fleming, Gregg G. Pearlson, Matthew N. Wollersheim, Christoph Malina, Robert Arunachalam, Saravanan Binkowski, Francis S. Leibensperger, Eric M. Jacob, Daniel J. Hileman, James I. Waitz, Ian A. TI Public Health, Climate, and Economic Impacts of Desulfurizing Jet Fuel SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; CHEMICAL TRACER MODEL; AIR-POLLUTION; MORTALITY; TRANSPORT; BE-7; METEOROLOGY; SIMULATION; COMPONENTS; CHEMISTRY AB In jurisdictions including the US and the EU ground transportation and marine fuels have recently been required to contain lower concentrations of sulfur, which has resulted in reduced atmospheric SOx emissions. In contrast, the maximum sulfur content of aviation fuel has remained unchanged at 3000 ppm (although sulfur levels average 600 ppm in practice). We assess the costs and benefits of a potential ultra-low sulfur (15 ppm) jet fuel standard ("ULSJ"). We estimate that global implementation of ULSJ will cost US$1-4bn per year and prevent 900-4000 air quality-related premature mortalities per year. Radiative forcing associated with reduction in atmospheric sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium loading is estimated at +3.4 mW/m(2) (equivalent to about 1/10th of the warming due to CO2 emissions from aviation) and ULSJ increases life cycle CO2 emissions by approximately 2%. The public health benefits are dominated by the reduction in cruise SOx emissions, so a key uncertainty is the atmospheric modeling of vertical transport of pollution from cruise altitudes to the ground. Comparisons of modeled and measured vertical profiles of CO, PAN, O-3, and Be-7 indicate that this uncertainty is low relative to uncertainties regarding the value of statistical life and the toxicity of fine particulate matter. C1 [Barrett, Steven R. H.; Yim, Steve H. L.; Gilmore, Christopher K.; Kuhn, Stephen R.; Ashok, Akshay; Koo, Jamin; Wong, Hsin Min; Pearlson, Matthew N.; Wollersheim, Christoph; Malina, Robert; Hileman, James I.; Waitz, Ian A.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Murray, Lee T.; Tai, Amos P. K.; Yantosca, Robert M.; Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Byun, Daewon W.; Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Li, Xiangshang] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Levy, Jonathan I.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Dessens, Olivier] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. [Balasubramanian, Sathya; Fleming, Gregg G.] Volpe Natl Transportat Syst Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Malina, Robert] Univ Munster, Inst Transport Econ, Munster, Germany. [Arunachalam, Saravanan; Binkowski, Francis S.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Leibensperger, Eric M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Barrett, SRH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sbarrett@mit.edu RI Levy, Jon/B-4542-2011; Murray, Lee/F-2296-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; OI Levy, Jon/0000-0002-1116-4006; Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Arunachalam, Saravanan/0000-0002-6836-6944; Marion Malina, Robert/0000-0003-4049-2620 FU FAA Office of Environment and Energy FX This work was sponsored by the FAA Office of Environment and Energy. Any views or opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and not the FAA. NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 8 BP 4275 EP 4282 DI 10.1021/es203325a PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SB UT WOS:000302850300006 PM 22380547 ER PT J AU Redmon, RJ Peterson, WK Andersson, L Denig, WF AF Redmon, R. J. Peterson, W. K. Andersson, L. Denig, W. F. TI A global comparison of O+ upward flows at 850 km and outflow rates at 6000 km during nonstorm times SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; LATITUDE F-REGION; AURORAL REGION; ION OUTFLOW; IONOSPHERIC OUTFLOWS; PLASMA OUTFLOW; POLAR WIND; MAGNETOSPHERE; ENERGY AB There has been recent progress in understanding the sources and consequences of energetic O+ in the ring current and other regions of the magnetosphere. Various energization mechanisms that depend on geomagnetic activity, altitude, magnetic local time, and relative position within the auroral oval acting on O+ have been proposed. Our understanding of the altitude and magnetic local time variation of these processes has not proceeded as rapidly, however. Contemporary magnetosphere models now include species-dependent dynamics. These models will benefit from improved spatial and altitudinal knowledge of O+ energization processes. Here we present a global view of O+ upward flows observed at DMSP (850 km) compared to outflow rates observed by Polar (5000-7000 km) during nonstorm times in the framework of dynamic auroral boundary coordinates. This study considers observational proxies for heating and energization mechanisms and shows that these proxies set useful boundaries on their efficacy. This study indicates that during nonstorm times (1) energization between 850 km and 5000-7000 km is predominantly transverse, (2) the efficiency of ion energization is often not focused at the boundaries of the auroral zone, and (3) auroral zone acceleration above DMSP is relatively more important in the cusp than at midnight. C1 [Redmon, R. J.; Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peterson, W. K.; Andersson, L.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Redmon, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway,E GC2, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rob.redmon@noaa.gov RI Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009 OI Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096 NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A04213 DI 10.1029/2011JA017390 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930FS UT WOS:000303123700002 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, GC Carney, J Guenther, FR AF Rhoderick, George C. Carney, Jennifer Guenther, Franklin R. TI NIST Gravimetrically Prepared Atmospheric Level Methane in Dry Air Standards Suite SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The Gas Metrology Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology was tasked, by a congressional climate change act, to support the atmospheric measurement community through standards development of key greenhouse gases. This paper discusses the development of a methane (CH4) primary standard gas mixture (PSM) suite to support CH4 measurement needs over a large amount-of-substance fraction range 0.3-20 000 mu mol mol(-1), but with emphasis at the atmospheric level 300-4000 nmol mol(-1). Thirty-six CH4 in dry air PSMs were prepared in 5.9 L high-pressure aluminum cylinders with use of a time-tested gravimetric technique. Ultimately 14 of these 36 PSMs define a CH4 standard suite covering the nominal ambient atmospheric range of 300-4000 nmol mol(-1). Starting materials of pure CH4 and cylinders of dry air were exhaustively analyzed to determine the purity and air composition. Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) was used to determine a CH4 response for each of the 14 PSMs where the reproducibility of average measurement ratios as a standard error was typically (0.04-0.26) %. An ISO 6134-compliant generalized least-squares regression (GenLine) program was used to analyze the consistency of the CH4 suite. All 14 PSMs passed the u-test with residuals between the gravimetric and the GenLine solution values being between -0.74 and 1.31 nmol mol(-1); (0.00-0.16)% relative absolute. One of the 14 PSMs, FF4288 at 1836.16 +/- 0.75 nmol mol(-1) (k = 1) amount-of-substance fraction, was sent to the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), the Republic of Korea's National Metrology Institute, for comparison. The same PSM was subsequently sent to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for analysis to their standards. Results show agreement between KRISS-NIST of +0.13% relative (+2.3 nmol mol(-1)) and NOAA-NIST of -0.14% relative (-2.54 nmol mol(-1)). C1 [Rhoderick, George C.; Carney, Jennifer; Guenther, Franklin R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8393, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 17 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 8 BP 3802 EP 3810 DI 10.1021/ac300526v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 926NQ UT WOS:000302838500047 PM 22455608 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC Ludwig, KF Moustakas, TD AF Woicik, J. C. Ludwig, K. F., Jr. Moustakas, T. D. TI Composition dependent bilayer atomic ordering in AlxGa1-xN films examined by polarization-dependent extended x-ray absorption fine structure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; EXAFS; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; semiconductor thin films; wide band gap semiconductors ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; COMPOSITION FLUCTUATIONS; ALGAN ALLOYS; THIN-FILMS; LAYERS; AL(X)GA1-XN; GAN; SAPPHIRE; MOCVD; SI AB Extended x-ray absorption fine structure has been used to study the local structure of ordered AlxGa1-xN films with nominal concentrations of x = 0.20 and x = 0.45. Strong cation ordering is found in alternating (0001) planes for both samples, with the 20% sample exhibiting nearly ideal local order compared to the 45% sample. Significant distortions in the nearest-neighbor Ga-N distances compared to the virtual crystal approximation are observed, although these distortions are found to be smaller than for disordered films. This result is counter to current theoretical predictions. C1 [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ludwig, K. F., Jr.; Moustakas, T. D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 01770 USA. [Moustakas, T. D.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Boston, MA 01770 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Moustakas, Theodore/D-9249-2016 OI Moustakas, Theodore/0000-0001-8556-884X FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-03ER46037, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency CMUVT; Photon Systems, Inc. [W911NF-11-1-0034] FX The authors would like to thank K. E. Miyano, G. E. Sterbinsky, and C. S. Hellberg for useful discussions. This work was partly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences contract DE-FG02-03ER46037 (Ludwig-data collection/writing) and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency CMUVT Program (PM: Dr. John Albrecht) under subcontract from Photon Systems, Inc. (U.S. Army Cooperative Agreement No. W911NF-11-1-0034) (Moustakas-film growth). This work was performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source (Brookhaven National Laboratory) Beamline X23A2 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 16 AR 162105 DI 10.1063/1.4704678 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 930HO UT WOS:000303128500026 ER PT J AU Hellberg, CS Andersen, KE Li, H Ryan, PJ Woicik, JC AF Hellberg, C. Stephen Andersen, Kristopher E. Li, Hao Ryan, P. J. Woicik, J. C. TI Structure of SrTiO3 Films on Si SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY INTERFERENCE; THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALLINE OXIDES; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; SILICON; INTERFACE; GROWTH AB The epitaxial deposition of oxides on silicon opens the possibility of incorporating their diverse properties into silicon-device technology. Deposition of SrTiO3 on silicon was first reported over a decade ago, but growing the coherent, lattice-matched films that are critical for many applications has been difficult for thicknesses beyond 5 unit cells. Using a combination of density functional calculations and x-ray diffraction measurements, we determine the atomic structure of coherent SrTiO3 films on silicon, finding that the Sr concentration at the interface varies with the film thickness. The structures with the lowest computed energies best match the x-ray diffraction. During growth, Sr diffuses from the interface to the surface of the film; the increasing difficulty of Sr diffusion with film thickness may cause the disorder seen in thicker films. The identification of this unique thickness-dependent interfacial structure opens the possibility of modifying the interface to improve the thickness and quality of metal oxide films on silicon. C1 [Hellberg, C. Stephen] USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Andersen, Kristopher E.] High Performance Technol Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Li, Hao] Shenzhen New Degree Technol Co Ltd, Shenzhen 518054, Peoples R China. [Ryan, P. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Magnet Mat Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hellberg, CS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hellberg@nrl.navy.mil; kreander@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; h.li@newdegreetech.com; pryan@aps.anl.gov; kwoicik@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX We thank Christopher R. Ashman, Noam Bernstein, and Steven C. Erwin for useful discussions. The film deposition was conducted at the former Motorola Labs in Tempe, Arizona. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Computations were performed at the AFRL and ERDC DoD Major Shared Resource Centers. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 16 AR 166101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.166101 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 926TK UT WOS:000302854500005 PM 22680736 ER PT J AU Ondrusek, M Stengel, E Kinkade, CS Vogel, RL Keegstra, P Hunter, C Kim, C AF Ondrusek, Michael Stengel, Eric Kinkade, Christopher S. Vogel, Ronald L. Keegstra, Phillip Hunter, Craig Kim, Chunai TI The development of a new optical total suspended matter algorithm for the Chesapeake Bay SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Water-leaving radiance; TSM; Remote sensing ID TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; COASTAL WATERS; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENT; ESTUARY; PHYTOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT AB Sediment loading is one of the primary threats to the health of the Chesapeake Bay. We have developed a high resolution (250 m) ocean color satellite tool to monitor sediment concentrations in the Bay. In situ optical and sediment sampling is used to develop a total suspended matter (TSM) algorithm for the Chesapeake Bay. The Coastal Optical Characterization Experiment (COCE) is part of an ongoing effort to optically characterize processes and to develop regional remote sensing ocean color algorithms in the coastal waters. The goal is to characterize sediment concentrations and to develop a tool to track plumes cascading down the Bay following heavy rainfall events. Background TSM concentrations in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed can also be characterized. The plumes can have potentially devastating effects on the Chesapeake Bay's fragile ecosystem by increasing nutrient loads, depositing sediments, and decreasing salinity and light levels. Sampling took place throughout 2006 to 2008 in the upper and mid portions of the Chesapeake Bay. Measurements of TSM, chlorophyll a (Chl), and hyperspectral optics were collected. The optical measurements included above water surface irradiance (E-s(lambda)), in-water downwelling irradiance (E-d(lambda)) and in-water upwelling radiance (L-u(lambda)). These optical data were used to analyze the performance and utility of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua Band 1 (645 nm) for use as a TSM monitoring tool. From the optical measurements we have derived a 3rd order polynomial regression of TSM to normalized water-leaving radiance (r(2) = 0.79) to form an algorithm that quantitatively relates TSM to the MODIS 250 m resolution band 1 (645 nm). The algorithm performance was validated (a mean percent difference of -4.2%) against 270 total suspended solids samples collected by the Chesapeake Bay Program during routine water quality monitoring of the Chesapeake Bay environment. The TSM algorithm tool is then used to demonstrate monitoring of significant runoff events that occurred in June, 2006 and March, 2008. In addition, the utility of the Chesapeake Bay TSM product is demonstrated by describing regional and seasonal variations in sediment concentrations throughout the Chesapeake Bay for 2009. Mean concentrations ranged from 11.55 mg/l in the upper Chesapeake Bay winter season to 6.37 mg/l in the middle Chesapeake Bay spring season. These remote sensing tools can be valuable instruments in the detection and tracking of runoff events and background concentration for monitoring the health and recovery of the Chesapeake Bay. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ondrusek, Michael; Stengel, Eric] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SCOD, Camp Springs, MD 20714 USA. [Kinkade, Christopher S.] NOAA, NOS, Coastal Serv Ctr, Annapolis, MD USA. [Vogel, Ronald L.] SM Resources Corp, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR,SOCD, Camp Springs, MD 20714 USA. [Keegstra, Phillip] SP Syst Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR,SOCD, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Hunter, Craig] Moss Landing Marine Lab, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Kim, Chunai] Riverside Technol Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR,SOCD, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ondrusek, M (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SCOD, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20714 USA. EM michael.ondrusek@noaa.gov RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 FU NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing FX We wish to thank the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office for use of facilities and the R/V Alosid. We wish to thank Michael Feinholz, Stephanie Flora, Dennis Clark, Carol Johnson, and Jeremy Werdell for valuable comments and advice. Support for this work was provided by NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 16 PY 2012 VL 119 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 913QJ UT WOS:000301892200022 ER PT J AU He, T Liang, SL Wang, DD Wu, HY Yu, YY Wang, JD AF He, Tao Liang, Shunlin Wang, Dongdong Wu, Hongyi Yu, Yunyue Wang, Jindi TI Estimation of surface albedo and directional reflectance from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; Albedo; Directional reflectance; Radiative transfer; Aerosol optical depth ID NON-LAMBERTIAN SURFACE; LAND-SURFACE; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; MODEL; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; BRDF; BAND AB Land surface albedo is one of the key geophysical variables controlling the surface radiation budget. In recent years, land surface albedo products have been generated using data from various satellites. However, some problems exist in those products due to either the failure of the current retrieving procedures resulting from persistent clouds and/or abrupt surface changes, or the reduced temporal or spatial coverage, which may limit their applications. Rapidly generated albedo products that help reduce the impacts of cloud contamination and improve the capture of events such as ephemeral snow and vegetation growth are in demand. In this study, we propose a method for estimating the land surface albedo from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data using a short temporal window. Instead of executing the atmospheric correction first and then fitting the surface reflectance in the current MODIS albedo procedure, the atmospheric properties (e.g., aerosol optical depth) and surface properties (e.g., surface bidirectional reflectance) were estimated simultaneously. Validations were carried out using various data sources including ground measurements (e.g., from the Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) Network and Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net)) and MODIS AERONET-based Surface Reflectance Validation Network (MODASRVN) data. The results showed comparable albedo estimates with both MODIS data and ground measurements, and the MODASRVN instantaneous surface reflectance was in good agreement with the reflectance estimation from our method. Aerosol optical depth (ADD) retrievals over SURFRAD and MODASRVN sites were also compared with ground measurements. Validation results showed estimation accuracies similar to those of MODIS aerosol products. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Tao; Liang, Shunlin; Wang, Dongdong] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu, Hongyi] CAS, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Jindi] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP He, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM the@umd.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Wang, Dongdong/M-1969-2014; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; He, Tao/H-5130-2012 OI Wang, Dongdong/0000-0002-2076-576X; He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988 FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17EC1483] FX This research was supported by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant NA17EC1483. Many thanks to the reviewers of the manuscript. They provided valuable suggestions that helped improve our research work as well as the presentation of the contents in this paper. We gratefully acknowledge the MODIS team for providing access to the land and atmosphere products that are available online. We also thank the MODASRVN, SURFRAD, GC-Net, and AERONET teams for providing and maintaining all the data sets used for the validation of this study. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 16 PY 2012 VL 119 BP 286 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.004 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 913QJ UT WOS:000301892200026 ER PT J AU Waite, JN Trumble, SJ Burkanov, VN Andrews, RD AF Waite, Jason N. Trumble, Stephen J. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Andrews, Russel D. TI Resource partitioning by sympatric Steller sea lions and northern fur seals as revealed by biochemical dietary analyses and satellite telemetry SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fatty acids; Northern fur seal; Resource partitioning; Stable isotopes; Steller sea lion; Telemetry ID SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; OCEANOGRAPHIC FEATURES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS AB Over 1000 endangered Steller sea lions (SSL, Eumetopias jubatus Schreber, 1776) and approximately 14000 northern fur seals (NFS, Callorhinus ursinus L., 1758) breed sympatrically at the Lovushki Island complex, located in the northern Kuril Island chain in the Russian Far East, creating the potential for inter-specific competition for prey resources. The diets and foraging locations of both species were examined through the analysis of delta N-15 and delta C-13 stable isotope (SI) ratios of vibrissae, fatty acid (FA) profiles of blubber biopsies, and telemetry data collected during the breeding seasons of 2007 and 2008. There were significant differences in the mean delta N-15 and delta C-13 values between SSL and NFS. Adult female SSL were significantly enriched in both delta N-15 and delta C-13 over adult female NFS (by 2.04%+/- 0.23%. and 0.83%+/- 0.12%., respectively), which indicates that the sea lions were feeding at a higher trophic level and in a different geographical location than the fur seals. The higher mean delta C-13 levels found in the sea lion vibrissae suggest that they fed nearshore and benthically, while fur seals fed primarily offshore and pelagically. There were significant differences in the blubber FA profiles between SSL and NFS, indicating that the two species have different foraging strategies with respect to the types and/or proportions of prey items consumed. Foraging behavior analysis also indicated that SSL foraged nearshore and benthically and breeding NFS foraged primarily offshore and pelagically. The combination of these methodologies suggests breeding NFS and SSL partition their forage resources by prey type, as well as spatially, which likely reflected the differences in provisioning strategies of the adults and the fasting abilities of their pups. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Waite, Jason N.; Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Waite, Jason N.; Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Trumble, Stephen J.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. RP Waite, JN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jason.waite@alaska.edu; stephen_trumble@baylor.edu; vladimir.burkanov@noaa.gov; russa@alaskasealife.org OI Waite, Jason/0000-0002-4936-2489; Trumble, Stephen/0000-0001-6319-9633 FU NOAA [NA08NMF4390544]; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting; National Marine Mammal Laboratory FX We thank A. Altukhov, S. Norberg, P. Permyakov, T. Shulezhko, J. Skinner, B. Smith, and A. Tretyakov, as well as many others from the Russian Far East Marine Mammals Research Program and the Alaska SeaLife Center for their assistance in the collection of samples. We thank P. Rivera for her invaluable assistance in the processing of vibrissae samples, as well as K. Young and S. Quinn for processing blubber samples and assisting in fatty acid profile determination. We also thank M. Short and J. McIntyre for their statistical advice, as well as M. Castellini, L Rea, and S. Atkinson for their helpful comments on this manuscript. Fatty acid analysis was supported in part through NOAA funding (NA08NMF4390544) to ADF&G. Research was conducted under permits from Russian permitting agencies, the Federal Veterinary and Agricultural Control Service (Rosselkhoznadzor, Sakhalin Region), Sakhalin-Kuril Territorial Department of the Federal Committee of Fisheries of Russia (Goskomrybolovstvo) and the Federal Environmental Control Service (Rosprirodnadzor) of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Alaska SeaLife Center, and was funded by grants from NOAA to the Alaska Sea Life Center and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Additional funding and logistical support was provided by North Pacific Wildlife Consulting. [SS] NR 122 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 416 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.02.009 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 948MB UT WOS:000304506200006 ER PT J AU Jeong, T Zhu, JG Chung, S Gibbons, MR AF Jeong, Taehee Zhu, Jian-Gang Chung, Suk Gibbons, Matthew R. TI Thermal boundary resistance for gold and CoFe alloy on silicon nitride films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE TECHNIQUE; THIN-FILMS; HEAT-FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; REFLECTANCE; CONDUCTANCE; INTERFACES; TRANSPORT; SOLIDS AB Advances in microelectronics technology strongly depend on the thermal optimization of metal/dielectric interfaces, which requires precise modeling and thermal characterization of metal/dielectric structures. This work experimentally investigated the influence of metallic layers on the thermal boundary resistance of silicon nitride dielectric material. The results reveal that the thermal boundary resistance of silicon nitride thin films depends on the metallic layers. The thermal boundary resistance at the interface between Au and SiNx is larger than that between Co0.9Fe0.1 and SiNx. The reasons to cause this difference are discussed with phonon transmission probability and the ratio of the Debye temperature between metals and dielectrics. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3703571] C1 [Jeong, Taehee; Zhu, Jian-Gang] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Chung, Suk] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gibbons, Matthew R.] Western Digital Corp, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. RP Jeong, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tjeong@andrew.cmu.edu FU Data Storage System Center at Carnegie Mellon University FX The authors from Carnegie Mellon University would like to thank Professor David G. Cahill from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Dr. Patrick E. Hopkins from Sandia National Laboratories, and Professor George Chen from Nanyang Technological University for some helpful discussions on the thermoreflectance technique. This work is funded by Data Storage System Center at Carnegie Mellon University. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 8 AR 083510 DI 10.1063/1.3703571 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 936OB UT WOS:000303598800025 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Lee, J Zammarano, M Katsoulis, D Eldred, DV Haverhals, LM Trulove, PC De Long, HC Gilman, JW AF Fox, Douglas M. Lee, Jieun Zammarano, Mauro Katsoulis, Dimitris Eldred, Donald V. Haverhals, Luke M. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Char-forming behavior of nanofibrillated cellulose treated with glycidyl phenyl POSS SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Cellulose; Polyoligomeric silsesquioxane; TGA; Flammability ID POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FLAME RETARDANCY; COUPLING AGENTS; FIRE RETARDANTS; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE; COPOLYMERS AB Cellulose-reinforced composites have received much attention due to their structural reinforcing, light weight, biodegradable, non-toxic, low cost and recyclable characteristics. However, the tendency for cellulose to aggregate and its poor dispersion in many polymers, such as polystyrene, continues to be one of the most challenging roadblocks to large scale production and use of cellulose-polymer composites. In this study, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is modified using GlycidylPhenyl-POSS (a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane). The product yield, morphology, and crystallinity are characterized using a variety of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Thermal analyses are performed using thermal gravimetric analysis and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox, Douglas M.; Lee, Jieun; Zammarano, Mauro] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Fox, Douglas M.; Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katsoulis, Dimitris; Eldred, Donald V.] Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. [Haverhals, Luke M.; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] AF Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dfox@american.edu OI Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 FU Air Force office of Scientific Research [F1ATA00236G002, F1ATA00049G002, FA9550-10-1-0323]; NIST-BFRL [70NANB8H8133] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force office of Scientific Research under Award No. F1ATA00236G002, F1ATA00049G002, & FA9550-10-1-0323 and by the NIST-BFRL Extramural Fire Research Grants Program under Award No. 70NANB8H8133. Research was carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U. S. government and by statute is not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials or companies are identified in this paper in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD APR 15 PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 847 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.015 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 917RL UT WOS:000302196200007 ER PT J AU Wu, B Kerkeni, B Egami, T Do, C Liu, Y Wang, YM Porcar, L Hong, KL Smith, SC Liu, EL Smith, GS Chen, WR AF Wu, Bin Kerkeni, Boutheina Egami, Takeshi Do, Changwoo Liu, Yun Wang, Yongmei Porcar, Lionel Hong, Kunlun Smith, Sean C. Liu, Emily L. Smith, Gregory S. Chen, Wei-Ren TI Structured water in polyelectrolyte dendrimers: Understanding small angle neutron scattering results through atomistic simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FLEXIBLE SPACER-CHAINS; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; CHARGED DENDRIMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLYAMIDOAMINE DENDRIMERS; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; EXPLICIT COUNTERIONS; PH; GENERATION AB Based on atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) intensity behavior of a single generation-4 polyelectrolyte polyamidoamine starburst dendrimer is investigated at different levels of molecular protonation. The SANS form factor, P(Q), and Debye autocorrelation function, gamma(r), are calculated from the equilibrium MD trajectory based on a mathematical approach proposed in this work. The consistency found in comparison against previously published experimental findings (W.-R. Chen, L. Porcar, Y. Liu, P. D. Butler, and L. J. Magid, Macromolecules 40, 5887 (2007)) leads to a link between the neutron scattering experiment and MD computation, and fresh perspectives. The simulations enable scattering calculations of not only the hydrocarbons but also the contribution from the scattering length density fluctuations caused by structured, confined water within the dendrimer. Based on our computational results, we explore the validity of using radius of gyration R-G for microstructure characterization of a polyelectrolyte dendrimer from the scattering perspective. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3697479] C1 [Wu, Bin; Do, Changwoo; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Hong, Kunlun; Smith, Sean C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Liu, Emily L.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Kerkeni, Boutheina] Univ Carthage, IPEST, Unite Phys Chim Mol, Tunis, Tunisia. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Yongmei] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenw@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Wang, Yongmei/B-7071-2008; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Smith, Sean/H-5003-2015; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Smith, Sean/0000-0002-5679-8205; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank the ORNL Institutional Cluster (OIC) for the computational support. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 14 AR 144901 DI 10.1063/1.3697479 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 930NT UT WOS:000303146800052 PM 22502544 ER PT J AU Behrouzi, R Roh, JH Kilburn, D Briber, RM Woodson, SA AF Behrouzi, Reza Roh, Joon Ho Kilburn, Duncan Briber, R. M. Woodson, Sarah A. TI Cooperative Tertiary Interaction Network Guides RNA Folding SO CELL LA English DT Article ID GROUP-I RIBOZYME; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA RIBOZYME; COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; CORE HELICES; ACTIVE-SITE; INTRON; STABILITY; COLLAPSE AB Noncoding RNAs form unique 3D structures, which perform many regulatory functions. To understand how RNAs fold uniquely despite a small number of tertiary interaction motifs, we mutated the major tertiary interactions in a group I ribozyme by single-base substitutions. The resulting perturbations to the folding energy landscape were measured using SAXS, ribozyme activity, hydroxyl radical footprinting, and native PAGE. Double-and triple-mutant cycles show that most tertiary interactions have a small effect on the stability of the native state. Instead, the formation of core and peripheral structural motifs is cooperatively linked in near-native folding intermediates, and this cooperativity depends on the native helix orientation. The emergence of a cooperative interaction network at an early stage of folding suppresses nonnative structures and guides the search for the native state. We suggest that cooperativity in noncoding RNAs arose from natural selection of architectures conducive to forming a unique, stable fold. C1 [Behrouzi, Reza; Kilburn, Duncan; Woodson, Sarah A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Roh, Joon Ho; Briber, R. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roh, Joon Ho] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woodson, SA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM swoodson@jhu.edu RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; Behrouzi, Reza/M-6604-2013; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Behrouzi, Reza/0000-0003-3064-9743; Woodson, Sarah/0000-0003-0170-1987 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM60819, RR-08630]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; US Department of Energy FX The authors thank L. Guo and T. Irving for assistance with SAXS experiments, and D. Barrick, D. Draper, E. Westhof, J. Lecomte, D. Zappulla, and members of the laboratory of S. A. W. for discussion and comments. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (GM60819) and National Institute of Standards and Technology. BioCAT is an NIH-supported Research Center (RR-08630). Access to the APS was made possible by support from the US Department of Energy. R. B. designed and performed experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper, J. H. R. and D. K. performed SAXS experiments, R. M. B. designed SAXS experiments and edited the paper, and S. A. W. designed the experiments and wrote the paper. NR 70 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 33 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD APR 13 PY 2012 VL 149 IS 2 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.057 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 926BF UT WOS:000302805600014 PM 22500801 ER PT J AU Fry, MM Naik, V West, JJ Schwarzkopf, MD Fiore, AM Collins, WJ Dentener, FJ Shindell, DT Atherton, C Bergmann, D Duncan, BN Hess, P MacKenzie, IA Marmer, E Schultz, MG Szopa, S Wild, O Zeng, G AF Fry, Meridith M. Naik, Vaishali West, J. Jason Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel Fiore, Arlene M. Collins, William J. Dentener, Frank J. Shindell, Drew T. Atherton, Cyndi Bergmann, Daniel Duncan, Bryan N. Hess, Peter MacKenzie, Ian A. Marmer, Elina Schultz, Martin G. Szopa, Sophie Wild, Oliver Zeng, Guang TI The influence of ozone precursor emissions from four world regions on tropospheric composition and radiative climate forcing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; NOX EMISSIONS; WARMING POTENTIALS; TRANSPORT MODEL; NATIONAL CENTER; SULFUR CYCLE; IMPACTS; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; METHANE AB Ozone (O-3) precursor emissions influence regional and global climate and air quality through changes in tropospheric O-3 and oxidants, which also influence methane (CH4) and sulfate aerosols (SO42-). We examine changes in the tropospheric composition of O-3, CH4, SO42- and global net radiative forcing (RF) for 20% reductions in global CH4 burden and in anthropogenic O-3 precursor emissions (NOx, NMVOC, and CO) from four regions (East Asia, Europe and Northern Africa, North America, and South Asia) using the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Source-Receptor global chemical transport model (CTM) simulations, assessing uncertainty (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) across multiple CTMs. We evaluate steady state O-3 responses, including long-term feedbacks via CH4. With a radiative transfer model that includes greenhouse gases and the aerosol direct effect, we find that regional NOx reductions produce global, annually averaged positive net RFs (0.2 +/- 0.6 to 1.7 +/- 2 mWm(-2)/TgN yr(-1)), with some variation among models. Negative net RFs result from reductions in global CH4 (-162.6 +/- 2 mWm(-2) for a change from 1760 to 1408 ppbv CH4) and regional NMVOC (-0.4 +/- 0.2 to -0.7 +/- 0.2 mWm(-2)/Tg C yr(-1)) and CO emissions (-0.13 +/- 0.02 to -0.15 +/- 0.02 mWm(-2)/Tg CO yr(-1)). Including the effect of O-3 on CO2 uptake by vegetation likely makes these net RFs more negative by -1.9 to -5.2 mWm(-2)/Tg N yr(-1), -0.2 to -0.7 mWm(-2)/Tg C yr(-1), and -0.02 to -0.05 mWm(-2)/Tg CO yr(-1). Net RF impacts reflect the distribution of concentration changes, where RF is affected locally by changes in SO42-, regionally to hemispherically by O-3, and globally by CH4. Global annual average SO42- responses to oxidant changes range from 0.4 +/- 2.6 to -1.9 +/- 1.3 Gg for NOx reductions, 0.1 +/- 1.2 to -0.9 +/- 0.8 Gg for NMVOC reductions, and -0.09 +/- 0.5 to -0.9 +/- 0.8 Gg for CO reductions, suggesting additional research is needed. The 100-year global warming potentials (GWP(100)) are calculated for the global CH4 reduction (20.9 +/- 3.7 without stratospheric O-3 or water vapor, 24.2 +/- 4.2 including those components), and for the regional NOx, NMVOC, and CO reductions (-18.7 +/- 25.9 to -1.9 +/- 8.7 for NOx, 4.8 +/- 1.7 to 8.3 +/- 1.9 for NMVOC, and 1.5 +/- 0.4 to 1.7 +/- 0.5 for CO). Variation in GWP(100) for NOx, NMVOC, and CO suggests that regionally specific GWPs may be necessary and could support the inclusion C1 [Fry, Meridith M.; West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Naik, Vaishali] UCAR GFDL, Atmospher Phys Chem & Climate Grp, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel; Fiore, Arlene M.] NOAA GFDL, Atmospher Phys Chem & Climate Grp, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Collins, William J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Dentener, Frank J.; Marmer, Elina] European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Shindell, Drew T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Atherton, Cyndi; Bergmann, Daniel] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Duncan, Bryan N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hess, Peter] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [MacKenzie, Ian A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Schultz, Martin G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Szopa, Sophie] CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA, IPSL,UVSQ, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Wild, Oliver] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Zeng, Guang] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Fry, MM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 146B Rosenau Hall,CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jasonwest@unc.edu RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011 OI Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR); EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards; UNC; DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101]; Defra [AQ0902] FX The research described in this paper has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program (to M. M. Fry), by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, and by a UNC Junior Faculty Development award (to J.J. West). EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. W.J. Collins was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and Defra contract AQ0902. We thank those involved in the CTM simulations performed under the UN ECE Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution. The NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory provided the necessary computational resources. NR 64 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D07306 DI 10.1029/2011JD017134 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 927AK UT WOS:000302876800002 ER PT J AU Sherman, JA Lemke, ND Hinkley, N Pizzocaro, M Fox, RW Ludlow, AD Oates, CW AF Sherman, J. A. Lemke, N. D. Hinkley, N. Pizzocaro, M. Fox, R. W. Ludlow, A. D. Oates, C. W. TI High-Accuracy Measurement of Atomic Polarizability in an Optical Lattice Clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STARK SHIFT AB Presently, the Stark effect contributes the largest source of uncertainty in a ytterbium optical atomic clock through blackbody radiation. By employing an ultracold, trapped atomic ensemble and high stability optical clock, we characterize the quadratic Stark effect with unprecedented precision. We report the ytterbium optical clock's sensitivity to electric fields ( such as blackbody radiation) as the differential static polarizability of the ground and excited clock levels alpha(clock) = 36.2612(7) kHz (kV/cm)(-2). The clock's uncertainty due to room temperature blackbody radiation is reduced by an order of magnitude to 3 X 10(-17). C1 [Sherman, J. A.; Lemke, N. D.; Hinkley, N.; Fox, R. W.; Ludlow, A. D.; Oates, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lemke, N. D.; Hinkley, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pizzocaro, M.] Politecn Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Sherman, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeff.sherman@nist.gov RI Sherman, Jeffrey/G-3006-2011; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 FU National Research Council; NIST; DARPA QuASaR FX J. A. S. acknowledges financial support from the National Research Council. The authors acknowledge NIST and DARPA QuASaR for financial support, F. Calcagni and J. Perkins for contributing to electrode fabrication, T. Fortier and S. Diddams for femtosecond optical frequency comb measurements, E. N. Fortson for a useful discussion on potential systematic effects, and K. Beloy for careful reading of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 15 AR 153002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.153002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 925YC UT WOS:000302797400003 PM 22587248 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS Kalnins, EG AF Cohl, H. S. Kalnins, E. G. TI Fourier and Gegenbauer expansions for a fundamental solution of the Laplacian in the hyperboloid model of hyperbolic geometry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID LIE-ALGEBRAS; SEPARATION; VARIABLES; CONTRACTIONS; POTENTIALS; HARMONICS; MANIFOLDS; SPHERE AB Due to the isotropy of d-dimensional hyperbolic space, there exists a spherically symmetric fundamental solution for its corresponding Laplace-Beltrami operator. The R-radius hyperboloid model of hyperbolic geometry with R > 0 represents a Riemannian manifold with negative-constant sectional curvature. We obtain a spherically symmetric fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on this manifold in terms of its geodesic radius. We give several matching expressions for this fundamental solution including a definite integral over reciprocal powers of the hyperbolic sine, finite summation expressions over hyperbolic functions, Gauss hypergeometric functions and in terms of the associated Legendre function of the second kind with order and degree given by d/2 - 1 with real argument greater than unity. We also demonstrate uniqueness for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on this manifold in terms of a vanishing decay at infinity. In rotationally invariant coordinate systems, we compute the azimuthal Fourier coefficients for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on the R-radius hyperboloid. For d >= 2, we compute the Gegenbauer polynomial expansion in geodesic polar coordinates for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on this negative-constant curvature Riemannian manifold. In three dimensions, an addition theorem for the azimuthal Fourier coefficients of a fundamental solution for Laplace's equation is obtained through comparison with its corresponding Gegenbauer expansion. C1 [Cohl, H. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cohl, H. S.] Univ Auckland, Dept Math, Auckland, New Zealand. [Kalnins, E. G.] Univ Waikato, Dept Math, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hcohl@nist.gov FU Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Auckland FX The authors thank Simon Marshall, A Rod Gover, Tom ter Elst, Shaun Cooper, George Pogosyan, Willard Miller Jr and Alexander Grigor'yan for valuable discussions. HSC would like to express his gratitude to Carlos Criado Cambon in the Facultad de Ciencias at Universidad de Malaga for his assistance in describing the global geodesic distance function in the hyperboloid model. The authors would also like to acknowledge two anonymous referees whose comments helped improve this paper and brought some important references to light. HSC acknowledges funding for time to write this paper from the Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Auckland in the form of a 3 month stipend to enhance University of Auckland 2012 PBRF Performance. Part of this work was conducted while HSC was a National Research Council Research Postdoctoral Associate in the Information Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD APR 13 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 14 AR 145206 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/45/14/145206 PG 32 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 916WN UT WOS:000302134000008 ER PT J AU Arcas, D Segur, H AF Arcas, Diego Segur, Harvey TI Seismically generated tsunamis SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nonlinear water waves; dynamics of tsunamis; tsunami forecasting; tsunami hazard mitigation ID KORTEWEG-DEVRIES EQUATION; WATER-WAVE PROBLEM; SOBOLEV SPACES; WELL-POSEDNESS; MODEL; PROPAGATION; EARTHQUAKE; OCEAN; DEPTH AB People around the world know more about tsunamis than they did 10 years ago, primarily because of two events: a tsunami on 26 December 2004 that killed more than 200 000 people around the shores of the Indian Ocean; and an earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Japan on 11 March 2011 that killed nearly 15 000 more and triggered a nuclear accident, with consequences that are still unfolding. This paper has three objectives: (i) to summarize our current knowledge of the dynamics of tsunamis; (ii) to describe how that knowledge is now being used to forecast tsunamis; and (iii) to suggest some policy changes that might protect people better from the dangers of future tsunamis. C1 [Segur, Harvey] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Arcas, Diego] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Arcas, Diego] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Segur, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM segur@colorado.edu FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 1884]; National Science Foundation [DMS-1107354] FX The authors are grateful to the Fields Institute (in Toronto) for hosting a workshop in June 2011 on the Mathematics of Extreme Sea Waves, where the authors met and began this collaboration. We thank the organizers of that workshop: W. Craig, D. Henderson, E. Pelinovsky and C. Sulem. D. A. thanks Yong Wei and Liujuan Tang of the National Center for Tsunami Research for interesting discussions on tsunami generation, for their help in locating references and for creating figure 7. H. S. is grateful to the Erwin Schordinger Institute (in Vienna), where he carried out some of this research. This work was supported in part by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, Contribution no. 1884, and by the National Science Foundation, DMS-1107354. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD APR 13 PY 2012 VL 370 IS 1964 SI SI BP 1505 EP 1542 DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0457 PG 38 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 904GQ UT WOS:000301182900002 PM 22393107 ER PT J AU Suntharalingam, P Buitenhuis, E Le Quere, C Dentener, F Nevison, C Butler, JH Bange, HW Forster, G AF Suntharalingam, Parvadha Buitenhuis, Erik Le Quere, Corinne Dentener, Frank Nevison, Cynthia Butler, James H. Bange, Hermann W. Forster, Grant TI Quantifying the impact of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition on oceanic nitrous oxide SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRON FERTILIZATION; N2O; EMISSIONS; METHANE; FLUX AB Anthropogenically induced increases in nitrogen deposition to the ocean can stimulate marine productivity and oceanic emission of nitrous oxide. We present the first global ocean model assessment of the impact on marine N2O of increases in nitrogen deposition from the pre-industrial era to the present. We find significant regional increases in marine N2O production downwind of continental outflow, in coastal and inland seas (15-30%), and nitrogen limited regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific (5-20%). The largest changes occur in the northern Indian Ocean (up to 50%) resulting from a combination of high deposition fluxes and enhanced N2O production pathways in local hypoxic zones. Oceanic regions relatively unaffected by anthropogenic nitrogen deposition indicate much smaller changes (<2%). The estimated change in oceanic N2O source on a global scale is modest (0.08-0.34 Tg N yr(-1), similar to 3-4% of the total ocean source), and consistent with the estimated impact on global export production (similar to 4%). Citation: Suntharalingam, P., E. Buitenhuis, C. Le Quere, F. Dentener, C. Nevison, J. H. Butler, H. W. Bange, and G. Forster (2012), Quantifying the impact of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition on oceanic nitrous oxide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L07605, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050778. C1 [Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Buitenhuis, Erik; Le Quere, Corinne; Forster, Grant] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Bange, Hermann W.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Butler, James H.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Dentener, Frank] Commiss European Communities, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Nevison, Cynthia] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Suntharalingam, P (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM p.suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk RI Buitenhuis, Erik/A-7692-2012; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Buitenhuis, Erik/0000-0001-6274-5583; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 FU UK NERC [NE/G006725/1] FX Support for this study was provided by UK NERC grant NE/G006725/1. We thank K. Altieri and R. Duce for providing the gridded nitrogen deposition fields, H. W. Bange and A. Freing for use of the MEMENTO database [Bange et al., 2009], and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 12 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L07605 DI 10.1029/2011GL050778 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 927AC UT WOS:000302875800001 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Hangarter, CM Bertocci, U Moffat, TP AF Liu, Yihua Hangarter, Carlos M. Bertocci, Ugo Moffat, Thomas P. TI Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Electrodeposited Pt100-xNix: Influence of Alloy Composition and Dealloying SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PEM FUEL-CELLS; PLATINUM-MONOLAYER SHELL; ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; PT-SKIN; NI; CATALYSTS; SURFACES; NANOPARTICLES AB The electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposited Pt100-xNix thin films toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in perchloric acid was studied for x ranging between 2 and 95. The alloy composition was controlled by the potential applied during deposition. XRD and EDS were used to examine the structure and composition of the films before and after ORR measurements. Significant dealloying was evident for films with x > 45, and substantial shrinkage of the film thickness accompanied dealloying for films with x > 55. The onset of significant shrinkage occurs near the parting limit reported for bulk dealloying of fcc solid solutions. A maximum ORR specific activity of 2.8 mA/cm(2) at 0.900 V RHE was observed for alloys between Pt45Ni55 and Pt55Ni45. This represents an enhancement factor of 4.7 compared to electrodeposited Pt, thereby matching the best published results reported for Pt-Ni nanoparticles and thin films. A peak ORR mass activity of 0.78 A/mg(Pt) at 0.900 V RHE was observed for alloy film compositions between Pt38Ni62 and Pt45Ni55. In comparison to electrodeposited Pt, these films exhibit a 10-fold improvement in mass activity. C1 [Liu, Yihua; Hangarter, Carlos M.; Bertocci, Ugo; Moffat, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Hangarter, Carlos/M-7924-2016 OI Hangarter, Carlos/0000-0002-7149-0903 FU National Research Council FX Y.L. and C.M.H. acknowledge the National Research Council for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 12 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 14 BP 7848 EP 7862 DI 10.1021/jp300672h PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 923AV UT WOS:000302591300030 ER PT J AU Wen, JS Xu, ZJ Xu, GY Jie, Q Hucker, M Zheludev, A Tian, W Winn, BL Zarestky, JL Singh, DK Hong, T Li, Q Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Zhijun Xu, Guangyong Jie, Qing Huecker, M. Zheludev, A. Tian, Wei Winn, B. L. Zarestky, J. L. Singh, D. K. Hong, Tao Li, Qiang Gu, Genda Tranquada, J. M. TI Probing the connections between superconductivity, stripe order, and structure in La1.905Ba0.095Cu1-yZnyO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; ANOMALOUS X-DEPENDENCE; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CORRELATIONS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; FLUCTUATING STRIPES AB The superconducting system La2-xBaxCuO4 is known to show a minimum in the transition temperature T-c at x = 1/8 where maximal stripe order is pinned by the anisotropy within the CuO2 planes that occurs in the low-temperature-tetragonal (LTT) crystal structure. For x = 0.095, where T-c reaches its maximum value of 32 K, there is a roughly coincident structural transition to a phase that is very close to LTT. Here, we present a neutron scattering study of the structural transition, and demonstrate how features of it correlate with anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and thermoelectric power. We also present measurements on a crystal with 1% Zn substituted for Cu, which reduces T-c to 17 K, enhances the spin stripe order, but has much less effect on the structural transition. We make the case that the structural transition correlates with a reduction of the Josephson coupling between the CuO2 layers, which interrupts the growth of the superconducting order. We also discuss evidence for two-dimensional superconducting fluctuations in the normal state, analyze the effective magnetic moment per Zn impurity, and consider the significance of the anomalous thermopower often reported in the stripe-ordered phase. C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Zhijun; Xu, Guangyong; Jie, Qing; Huecker, M.; Winn, B. L.; Li, Qiang; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Jie, Qing] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zheludev, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tian, Wei; Zarestky, J. L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tian, Wei; Zarestky, J. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hong, Tao] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013; Winn, Barry/A-5065-2016; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013 OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Winn, Barry/0000-0001-6383-4318; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center; US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We gratefully acknowledge helpful comments from R. Konik. The work at Brookhaven was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US Department of Energy (DOE), under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. J.S.W., Z.J.X., and (in part) J.M.T. were supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. SPINS at NCNR is supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 143 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 12 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 13 AR 134512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.134512 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 924MV UT WOS:000302696900003 ER PT J AU Wen, JS Jie, Q Li, Q Hucker, M Zimmermann, MV Han, SJ Xu, ZJ Singh, DK Konik, RM Zhang, LY Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Wen, Jinsheng Jie, Qing Li, Qiang Huecker, M. Zimmermann, M. V. Han, Su Jung Xu, Zhijun Singh, D. K. Konik, R. M. Zhang, Liyuan Gu, Genda Tranquada, J. M. TI Uniaxial linear resistivity of superconducting La1.905Ba0.095CuO4 induced by an external magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; BI2SR2CACU2O8 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DISSIPATION; VORTICES AB We present an experimental study of the anisotropic resistivity of superconducting La2-xBaxCuO4 with x = 0.095 and transition temperature T-c = 32 K. In a magnetic field perpendicular to the CuO2 layers H-perpendicular to, we observe that the resistivity perpendicular to the layers rho(perpendicular to) becomes finite at a temperature consistent with previous studies on very similar materials; however, the onset of finite parallel resistivity rho(parallel to) occurs at a much higher temperature. This behavior contradicts conventional theory, which predicts that rho(perpendicular to) and rho(parallel to) should become finite at the same temperature. Voltage versus current measurements near the threshold of voltage detectability indicate linear behavior perpendicular to the layers, becoming nonlinear at higher currents, while the behavior is nonlinear from the onset parallel to the layers. These results, in the presence of moderate H-perpendicular to, appear consistent with superconducting order parallel to the layers with voltage fluctuations between the layers due to thermal noise. In search of uncommon effects that might help to explain this behavior, we have performed diffraction measurements that provide evidence for H-perpendicular to-induced charge-and spin-stripe order. The field-induced decoupling of superconducting layers is similar to the decoupled phase observed previously in La2-xBaxCuO4 with x = 1/8 in zero field. C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Jie, Qing; Li, Qiang; Huecker, M.; Han, Su Jung; Xu, Zhijun; Konik, R. M.; Zhang, Liyuan; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng; Jie, Qing; Han, Su Jung] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zimmermann, M. V.] Deutsch Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013; Konik, Robert/L-8076-2016; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013 OI Konik, Robert/0000-0003-1209-6890; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015 FU Center for Emergent Superconductivity; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US Department of Energy; BES [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We gratefully acknowledge discussions with S.A. Kivelson, E. Fradkin, A.E. Koshelev, V. Oganesyan, A. Tsvelik, and G.Y. Xu. J.S.W., Q.J., S.J.H., and Z.J.X. were supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US Department of Energy. Other work at Brookhaven is supported by BES through Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. SPINS at NCNR is supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 12 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 13 AR 134513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.134513 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 924MV UT WOS:000302696900004 ER PT J AU Bosse, AW AF Bosse, August W. TI Thermal composition fluctuations in an ordered lamellar mesophase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC FLUCTUATIONS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; COPOLYMERS AB We derive an approximate analytic expression for the structure factor of equilibrium, thermal composition fluctuations in an ordered lamellar mesophase. In order to test the validity of the equation, we perform a series of stochastic simulations using an established model of block copolymer ordering and demonstrate that the equation fits the simulation data with zero adjustable fit parameters over a reasonably wide range of system and simulation parameters. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bosse, AW (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM august.bosse@nist.gov FU Energy and Electronics Materials Group in the Polymers Division at NIST; Theory, Modeling, and Simulation Working Group in the Polymers Division at NIST FX We thank Dr. Jack F. Douglas (NIST) and Dr. Christopher L. Soles (NIST) for helpful discussions and for critical readings of the manuscript. We further acknowledge the support of the members of the Energy and Electronics Materials Group and the Theory, Modeling, and Simulation Working Group, both in the Polymers Division at NIST. This work made use of the NIST Material Measurement Laboratory central computing facilities in the Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR 12 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 4 AR 042801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.042801 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 924OU UT WOS:000302702000007 PM 22680525 ER PT J AU Nowak, JB Neuman, JA Bahreini, R Middlebrook, AM Holloway, JS McKeen, SA Parrish, DD Ryerson, TB Trainer, M AF Nowak, J. B. Neuman, J. A. Bahreini, R. Middlebrook, A. M. Holloway, J. S. McKeen, S. A. Parrish, D. D. Ryerson, T. B. Trainer, M. TI Ammonia sources in the California South Coast Air Basin and their impact on ammonium nitrate formation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; EMISSIONS; QUALITY; OZONE; MODEL; PLUME; TEXAS; NOX AB Observations from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during CalNex in May and June 2010 are used to quantify ammonia (NH3) emissions from automobiles and dairy facilities in the California South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and assess their impact on particulate ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) formation. These airborne measurements in the SoCAB are used to estimate automobile NH3 emissions, 62 +/- 24 metric tons day(-1), and dairy facility NH3 emissions, 33 +/- 16 to 176 +/- 88 metric tons day-1. Emission inventories agree with the observed automobile NH3: CO emission ratio, but substantially under-predict dairy facility NH3 emissions. Conditions observed downwind of the dairy facilities were always thermodynamically favorable for NH4NO3 formation due to high NH3 mixing ratios from the concentrated sources. Although automobile emissions generated lower NH3 mixing ratios, they also can thermodynamically favor NH4NO3 formation. As an aerosol control strategy, addressing the dairy NH3 source would have the larger impact on reducing SoCAB NH4NO3 formation. Citation: Nowak, J. B., J. A. Neuman, R. Bahreini, A. M. Middlebrook, J. S. Holloway, S. A. McKeen, D. D. Parrish, T. B. Ryerson, and M. Trainer (2012), Ammonia sources in the California South Coast Air Basin and their impact on ammonium nitrate formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L07804, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051197. C1 [Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Bahreini, R.; Holloway, J. S.; McKeen, S. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Bahreini, R.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Holloway, J. S.; McKeen, S. A.; Parrish, D. D.; Ryerson, T. B.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nowak, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.nowak@noaa.gov RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010 OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 12 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L07804 DI 10.1029/2012GL051197 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 927AC UT WOS:000302875800003 ER PT J AU Mathis, JT Pickart, RS Byrne, RH McNeil, CL Moore, GWK Juranek, LW Liu, XW Ma, J Easley, RA Elliot, MM Cross, JN Reisdorph, SC Bahr, F Morison, J Lichendorf, T Feely, RA AF Mathis, Jeremy T. Pickart, Robert S. Byrne, Robert H. McNeil, Craig L. Moore, G. W. K. Juranek, Laurie W. Liu, Xuewu Ma, Jian Easley, Regina A. Elliot, Matthew M. Cross, Jessica N. Reisdorph, Stacey C. Bahr, Frank Morison, Jamie Lichendorf, Trina Feely, Richard A. TI Storm-induced upwelling of high pCO(2) waters onto the continental shelf of the western Arctic Ocean and implications for carbonate mineral saturation states SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; SEA; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; FLUXES; IMPACT AB The carbon system of the western Arctic Ocean is undergoing a rapid transition as sea ice extent and thickness decline. These processes are dynamically forcing the region, with unknown consequences for CO2 fluxes and carbonate mineral saturation states, particularly in the coastal regions where sensitive ecosystems are already under threat from multiple stressors. In October 2011, persistent wind-driven upwelling occurred in open water along the continental shelf of the Beaufort Sea in the western Arctic Ocean. During this time, cold (<-1.2 degrees C), salty (>32.4) halocline water-supersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO2 (pCO(2) > 550 mu atm) and undersaturated in aragonite (Omega(aragonite) < 1.0) was transported onto the Beaufort shelf. A single 10-day event led to the outgassing of 0.18-0.54 Tg-C and caused aragonite undersaturations throughout the water column over the shelf. If we assume a conservative estimate of four such upwelling events each year, then the annual flux to the atmosphere would be 0.72-2.16 Tg-C, which is approximately the total annual sink of CO2 in the Beaufort Sea from primary production. Although a natural process, these upwelling events have likely been exacerbated in recent years by declining sea ice cover and changing atmospheric conditions in the region, and could have significant impacts on regional carbon budgets. As sea ice retreat continues and storms increase in frequency and intensity, further outgassing events and the expansion of waters that are undersaturated in carbonate minerals over the shelf are probable. Citation: Mathis, J. T., et al. (2012), Storm-induced upwelling of high pCO(2) waters onto the continental shelf of the western Arctic Ocean and implications for carbonate mineral saturation states, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L07606, doi:10.1029/2012GL051574. C1 [Mathis, Jeremy T.; Cross, Jessica N.; Reisdorph, Stacey C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pickart, Robert S.; Bahr, Frank] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Byrne, Robert H.; Liu, Xuewu; Ma, Jian; Easley, Regina A.; Elliot, Matthew M.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Juranek, Laurie W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McNeil, Craig L.; Morison, Jamie; Lichendorf, Trina] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Moore, G. W. K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Mathis, JT (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr,245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jmathis@sfos.uaf.edu RI Moore, Kent/D-8518-2011; OI Moore, Kent/0000-0002-3986-5605; Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905 FU National Science Foundation [ARC1041102, OPP0856244, ARC1040694]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [CIFAR11021]; West Coast & Polar Regions Undersea Research Center [POFP00983] FX The authors would like to thank the officers and crew of the USCGC Healy for their dedicated and unwavering support of our work. Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (ARC1041102 - JTM, OPP0856244-RSP, and ARC1040694-LWJ), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (CIFAR11021-RHB) and the West Coast & Polar Regions Undersea Research Center (POFP00983 - CLM and JM). McNeil is Vice President and co-owner of Pro-Oceanus Systems, Inc. manufacturer of the pCO2 sensor used in this study. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L07606 DI 10.1029/2012GL051574 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 927AB UT WOS:000302875700001 ER PT J AU McClatchie, S Cowen, R Nieto, K Greer, A Luo, JY Guigand, C Demer, D Griffith, D Rudnick, D AF McClatchie, Sam Cowen, Robert Nieto, Karen Greer, Adam Luo, Jessica Y. Guigand, Cedric Demer, David Griffith, David Rudnick, Daniel TI Resolution of fine biological structure including small narcomedusae across a front in the Southern California Bight SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE FRONTS; ENSENADA FRONT; CURRENT SYSTEM; SEPTEMBER 1988; EDGE-DETECTION; SST IMAGES; FISH; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; PHYTOPLANKTON AB We sampled a front detected by SST gradient, ocean color imagery, and a Spray glider south of San Nicolas Island in the Southern California Bight between 14 and 18 October 2010. We sampled the front with an unusually extensive array of instrumentation, including the Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES), the undulating In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS) (fitted with temperature, salinity, oxygen, and fluorescence sensors), multifrequency acoustics, a surface pelagic trawl, a bongo net, and a neuston net. We found higher fluorescence and greater cladoceran, decapod, and euphausiid densities in the front, indicating increased primary and secondary production. Mesopelagic fish were most abundant in oceanic waters to the west of the front, market squid were abundant in the front associated with higher krill and decapod densities, and jack mackerel were most common in the front and on the shoreward side of the front. Egg densities peaked to either side of the front, consistent with both offshore (for oceanic squid and mesopelagic fish) and shelf origins (for white croaker and California halibut). We discovered unusually high concentrations of predatory narcomedusae in the surface layer of the frontal zone. Potential ichthyoplankton predators were more abundant either in the front (decapods, euphausiids, and squid) or shoreward of the front (medusae, chaetognaths, and jack mackerel). For pelagic fish like sardine, which can thrive in less productive waters, the safest place to spawn would be offshore because there are fewer potential predators. C1 [McClatchie, Sam; Nieto, Karen; Demer, David; Griffith, David] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Cowen, Robert; Greer, Adam; Luo, Jessica Y.; Guigand, Cedric] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rudnick, Daniel] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McClatchie, S (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM sam.mcclatchie@noaa.gov RI Rudnick, Daniel/J-8948-2016 OI Rudnick, Daniel/0000-0002-2624-7074 FU NOAA Fisheries Service; NOAA Fisheries; Environment Program (FATE); Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS); Consortium for the Ocean's Role in Climate (CORC); Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami FX We are grateful to George Cutter, Ed Weber, Beverley Macewicz, the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Ship Operations group, and the crew of NOAA ship Bell Shimada for deployment of gear and collection of data at sea. We thank Kevin Raskoff (Monterey Peninsula College) for his identification of the narcomedusa Solmaris rhodoloma. We also thank Dorothy Tang, Jenna Binstein, and Ana Del Callejo for their assistance in analyzing ISIIS images. Paul Fiedler, Christian Reiss, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. This study was funded by the NOAA Fisheries Service, the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment Program (FATE), Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS), Consortium for the Ocean's Role in Climate (CORC), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 11 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C04020 DI 10.1029/2011JC007565 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 926UK UT WOS:000302857200002 ER PT J AU Cho, E Risko, C Kim, D Gysel, R Miller, NC Breiby, DW McGehee, MD Toney, MF Kline, RJ Bredas, JL AF Cho, Eunkyung Risko, Chad Kim, Dongwook Gysel, Roman Miller, Nichole Cates Breiby, Dag W. McGehee, Michael D. Toney, Michael F. Kline, R. Joseph Bredas, Jean-Luc TI Three-Dimensional Packing Structure and Electronic Properties of Biaxially Oriented Poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophene-2-yl)thieno-[3,2-b]thiophene) Films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; SOLAR-CELLS; FORCE-FIELD; THIN-FILMS; THIENOTHIOPHENE UNITS AB We use a systematic approach that combines experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) and computational modeling based on molecular mechanics and two-dimensional XRD simulations to develop a detailed model of the molecular-scale packing structure of poly(2,5-bis (3-tetradecylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C-14) films. Both uniaxially and biaxially aligned films are used in this comparison and lead to an improved understanding of the molecular-scale orientation and crystal structure. We then examine how individual polymer components (i.e., conjugated backbone and alkyl side chains) contribute to the complete diffraction pattern, and how modest changes to a particular component orientation (e.g., backbone or side-chain tilt) influence the diffraction pattern. The effects on the polymer crystal structure of varying the alkyl side-chain length from C-12 to C-14 and C-16 are also studied. The accurate determination of the three-dimensional polymer structure allows us to examine the PBTTT electronic band structure and intermolecular electronic couplings (transfer integrals) as a function of alkyl side-chain length. This combination of theoretical and experimental techniques proves to be an important tool to help establish the relationship between the structural and electronic properties of polymer thin films. C1 [Cho, Eunkyung; Risko, Chad; Kim, Dongwook; Bredas, Jean-Luc] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cho, Eunkyung; Risko, Chad; Kim, Dongwook; Bredas, Jean-Luc] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cho, Eunkyung] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gysel, Roman; Miller, Nichole Cates; McGehee, Michael D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Breiby, Dag W.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bredas, Jean-Luc] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Chem, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. RP Bredas, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jean-luc.bredas@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Bredas, Jean-Luc/A-3431-2008; Kim, Dongwook/C-3909-2008; Risko, Chad/A-9785-2014; Miller, Nichole/A-6184-2011; OI Bredas, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-7278-4471; Kim, Dongwook/0000-0003-2096-3720; Miller, Nichole/0000-0003-0708-5943; Risko, Chad/0000-0001-9838-5233 FU Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics [KUS-C1-015-21]; National Science Foundation under STC [DMR-0120967]; National Science Foundation under CRIF [CHE-0946869] FX This work has been supported primarily by the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics (Award No. KUS-C1-015-21 made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST) as well as by the National Science Foundation under the STC program (Award DMR-0120967) and under the CRIF Program (Award CHE-0946869). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors are grateful to Drs. Veaceslav Coropceanu and Lingyun Zhu for fruitful discussions. We also thank Drs. Martin Heeney and Iain McCulloch at Imperial College London for providing PBTTT samples. NR 59 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 11 U2 125 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 11 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 14 BP 6177 EP 6190 DI 10.1021/ja210272z PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 922CQ UT WOS:000302524800027 PM 22372611 ER PT J AU Shenoy, S Shekhar, P Heinrich, F Daou, MC Gericke, A Ross, AH Losche, M AF Shenoy, Siddharth Shekhar, Prabhanshu Heinrich, Frank Daou, Marie-Claire Gericke, Arne Ross, Alonzo H. Loesche, Mathias TI Membrane Association of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor: Molecular Details of the Protein-Membrane Complex from SPR Binding Studies and Neutron Reflection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; X-RAY; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; AUTISM; PHOSPHATASE; MUTATIONS; ACTIVATION; HOMOLOG; INDIVIDUALS AB The structure and function of the PTEN phosphatase is investigated by studying its membrane affinity and localization on in-plane fluid, thermally disordered synthetic membrane models. The membrane association of the protein depends strongly on membrane composition, where phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol diphosphate (PI(4,5)P-2) act pronouncedly synergistic in pulling the enzyme to the membrane surface. The equilibrium dissociation constants for the binding of wild type (wt) PTEN to PS and PI(4,5)P-2 were determined to be K-d similar to 12 mu M and 0.4 mu M, respectively, and K-d similar to 50 nM if both lipids are present. Membrane affinities depend critically on membrane fluidity, which suggests multiple binding sites on the protein for PI(4,5)P-2. The PTEN mutations C124S and H93R show binding affinities that deviate strongly from those measured for the wt protein. Both mutants bind PS more strongly than wt PTEN. While C124S PTEN has at least the same affinity to PI(4,5)P-2 and an increased apparent affinity to PI(3,4,5) P-3, due to its lack of catalytic activity, H93R PTEN shows a decreased affinity to PI(4,5)P-2 and no synergy in its binding with PS and PI(4,5)P-2. Neutron reflection measurements show that the PTEN phosphatase "scoots'' along the membrane surface (penetration <5 angstrom) but binds the membrane tightly with its two major domains, the C2 and phosphatase domains, as suggested by the crystal structure. The regulatory C-terminal tail is most likely displaced from the membrane and organized on the far side of the protein similar to 60 angstrom away from the bilayer surface, in a rather compact structure. The combination of binding studies and neutron reflection allows us to distinguish between PTEN mutant proteins and ultimately may identify the structural features required for membrane binding and activation of PTEN. C1 [Shenoy, Siddharth; Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Daou, Marie-Claire; Ross, Alonzo H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biochem, Worcester, MA USA. [Gericke, Arne] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Shenoy, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU National Institutes of Health [1R01 NS021716, 1P01 AG032131]; National Science Foundation [CHE 0724082, 1216827] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (1R01 NS021716 and 1P01 AG032131) and National Science Foundation (CHE 0724082 and 1216827). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 10 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR e32591 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032591 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959FE UT WOS:000305297500005 PM 22505997 ER PT J AU Haase, AT Eggleston, DB Luettich, RA Weaver, RJ Puckett, BJ AF Haase, Amy T. Eggleston, David B. Luettich, Rick A. Weaver, Robert J. Puckett, Brandon J. TI Estuarine circulation and predicted oyster larval dispersal among a network of reserves SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE larval dispersal; connectivity; oyster restoration; surface drifters; hydrodynamic model; Pamlico sound; marine reserves ID WIND-DRIVEN ESTUARY; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; MARINE SYSTEMS; BLUE CRABS; METAPOPULATION; RESTORATION; MODEL; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB A critical component to understanding connectivity of isolated populations of marine organisms (i.e., metapopulations) is quantifying hydrodynamic paths of dispersal, and variation in the strength of these hydrodynamic connections. We replicated 3-dimensional wind-driven circulation patterns in Pamlico Sound (PS), North Carolina, USA using a numerical hydrodynamic model (ADCIRC, ADvanced CIRCulation) in conjunction with a particle-tracking model (PTM) to predict larval dispersal of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and estimate connectivity among a network of ten no-take oyster broodstock reserves in PS to inform restoration efforts. ADCIRC was forced with wind observations, which were predominately southwesterly during May-November 2007 when oyster larvae were dispersing in PS. Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and surface drifters were used to validate ADCIRC-predicted current velocities and PTM-predicted larval dispersal, respectively. ADCIRC reliably predicted current velocities at different locations in PS, especially currents near-surface (R = 0.6, lags < 2 h). The PTM accurately predicted (R > 0.5) the total and net distance transported by drifters, which ranged from 1 to 63 km and 0.3-42 km, respectively over <= 7 days. Potential oyster larval connectivity was not uniform among broodstock reserves in PS. Of the 100 possible connections, 24 were present. Eight of the 10 reserves provided >= one inter-reserve connection, with 4 being the most. Self-recruitment occurred at all but one reserve. Spatial variation in the degree of potential oyster larval connectivity in PS, combined with evidence for spatiotemporal dynamics of oyster populations, provides strong evidence for an oyster metapopulation and possibly source-sink dynamics within the network of no-take reserves. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Haase, Amy T.; Eggleston, David B.; Puckett, Brandon J.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Luettich, Rick A.; Weaver, Robert J.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Haase, AT (reprint author), NOAA, 1325 EW Hwy,SSMC-2-10440, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM amy.haase@noaa.gov OI Weaver, Robert/0000-0003-0640-5204 FU North Carolina Sea Grant College [R/MRD-53, R/MRD-56]; Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium, Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland FX Financial support for this project was provided by the North Carolina Sea Grant College Program (Grants R/MRD-53 and R/MRD-56 to D. Eggleston), and the Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium, Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland to D. Eggleston. We thank C. Cudaback for her help in initiating the drifter aspect of this study. The authors thank Steve Rebach and Bob Hines for their administration of the NC Sea Grant component of this project. The authors would also like to acknowledge the NC Division of Marine Fisheries and the US Coast Guard Auxiliary for their assistance releasing and retrieving drifters, the Nature Conservancy for purchase of batteries, and Pacific Gyre for technical assistance, maintenance and repairs of drifters. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD APR 10 PY 2012 VL 101 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.02.011 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 929AA UT WOS:000303032400004 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Schmidtko, S Lyman, JM AF Johnson, Gregory C. Schmidtko, Sunke Lyman, John M. TI Relative contributions of temperature and salinity to seasonal mixed layer density changes and horizontal density gradients SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; GLOBAL OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; SEA; CYCLE; ICE; DYNAMICS; HEAT AB Temperature and salinity both contribute to ocean density, including its seasonal cycle and spatial patterns in the mixed layer. Temperature and salinity profiles from the Argo Program allow construction and analysis of a global, monthly, mixed layer climatology. Temperature changes dominate the seasonal cycle of mixed layer density in most regions, but salinity changes are dominant in the tropical warm pools, Arctic, and Antarctic. Under the Intertropical Convergence Zone, temperature and salinity work in concert to increase seasonal stratification, but the seasonal density changes there are weak because the temperature and salinity changes are small. In the eastern subtropics, seasonal salinity changes partly compensate those in temperature and reduce seasonal mixed layer density changes. Besides a hemispheric seasonal reversal, the times of maximum and minimum mixed layer density exhibit regional variations. For instance, the equatorial region is more closely aligned with Southern Hemisphere timing, and much of the North Indian Ocean has a minimum density in May and June. Outside of the tropics, the maximum mixed layer density occurs later in the winter toward the poles, and the minimum earlier in the summer. Finally, at the times of maximum mixed layer density, some of the ocean has horizontal temperature and salinity gradients that work against each other to reduce the horizontal density gradient. However, on the equatorial sides of the subtropical salinity maxima, temperature and salinity gradients reinforce each other, increasing the density gradients there. Density gradients are generally stronger where either salinity or temperature gradients are dominant influences. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; Schmidtko, Sunke; Lyman, John M.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Schmidtko, Sunke/F-3355-2011 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Schmidtko, Sunke/0000-0003-3272-7055 FU NOAA; NOAA Climate Program Office FX NOAA Research and the NOAA Climate Program Office funded this work. The float data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program (part of the Global Ocean Observing System) and the national programs that contribute to it (see http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). G.C.J.'s week-long sojourn at the Helen Riaboff Whiteley Center, Friday Harbor Laboratories helped to germinate the manuscript. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and editor Frank Bryan helped to improve it. PMEL publication 3753. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C04015 DI 10.1029/2011JC007651 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 926UI UT WOS:000302857000002 ER PT J AU Hoarfrost, ML Tyagi, MS Segalman, RA Reimer, JA AF Hoarfrost, Megan L. Tyagi, Madhu S. Segalman, Rachel A. Reimer, Jeffrey A. TI Effect of Confinement on Proton Transport Mechanisms in Block Copolymer/Ionic Liquid Membranes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; IONIC LIQUID; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; FIELD GRADIENT; CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; WATER; ELECTROLYTES AB Nanostructured membranes containing structural and proton-conducting domains are of great interest for a wide range of applications requiring high conductivity coupled to high thermal stability. Understanding the effect of nanodomain confinement on proton-conducting properties in such materials is essential for designing new, improved membranes. This relationship has been investigated for a lamellae-forming mixture of poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) with ionic liquid composed of imidazole and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide,where the ionic liquid selectively resides in the P2VP domains of the block copolymer. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering and NMR diffusion measurements reveal increased prevalence of a fast proton hopping transport mechanism, which we hypothesize is due to changes in the hydrogen bond structure of the ionic liquid under confinement. This, in combination with unique ion aggregation behavior, leads to a lower activation energy for macroscopic ion transport compared with that in a mixture of ionic liquid with P2VP homopolymer. The proton transference number in both samples is significantly higher than that in the neat ionic liquid, which could be taken advantage of for applications such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells and actuators. These results portend the rational design of nanostructured membranes having improved mechanical properties and conductivity. C1 [Hoarfrost, Megan L.; Segalman, Rachel A.; Reimer, Jeffrey A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoarfrost, Megan L.; Reimer, Jeffrey A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tyagi, Madhu S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhu S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hoarfrost, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhoarfrost@berkeley.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 FU Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, and Infrastructure Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [DMR-0944772]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, and Infrastructure Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. M.L.H. acknowledges support from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. SAXS experiments were performed at the ALS and the SSRL. Both are national user facilities supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Alexander Hexemer, Dr. Cheng Wang, and Dr. Eric Schaible for experimental assistance at the ALS and Dr. John Pople for experimental assistance at the SSRL. This work also utilized facilities at the NCNR partially supported by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Timothy Jenkins for experimental assistance at the NCNR. Finally, we thank Dr. Joel Stettler for technical assistance with NMR experiments. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials or material suppliers are identified in this Article to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 52 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 10 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 7 BP 3112 EP 3120 DI 10.1021/ma202741g PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 921XN UT WOS:000302511500022 ER PT J AU Temmer, M Vrsnak, B Rollett, T Bein, B de Koning, CA Liu, Y Bosman, E Davies, JA Mostl, C Zic, T Veronig, AM Bothmer, V Harrison, R Nitta, N Bisi, M Flor, O Eastwood, J Odstrcil, D Forsyth, R AF Temmer, Manuela Vrsnak, Bojan Rollett, Tanja Bein, Bianca de Koning, Curt A. Liu, Ying Bosman, Eckhard Davies, Jackie A. Moestl, Christian Zic, Tomislav Veronig, Astrid M. Bothmer, Volker Harrison, Richard Nitta, Nariaki Bisi, Mario Flor, Olga Eastwood, Jonathan Odstrcil, Dusan Forsyth, Robert TI CHARACTERISTICS OF KINEMATICS OF A CORONAL MASS EJECTION DURING THE 2010 AUGUST 1 CME-CME INTERACTION EVENT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; AERODYNAMIC DRAG; INNER HELIOSPHERE; COMPLEX EJECTA; DRIVEN SHOCKS; STEREO SECCHI; WIND; PROPAGATION; SIGNATURES AB We study the interaction of two successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during the 2010 August 1 events using STEREO/SECCHI COR and heliospheric imager (HI) data. We obtain the direction of motion for both CMEs by applying several independent reconstruction methods and find that the CMEs head in similar directions. This provides evidence that a full interaction takes place between the two CMEs that can be observed in the HI1 field of view. The full de-projected kinematics of the faster CME from Sun to Earth is derived by combining remote observations with in situ measurements of the CME at 1 AU. The speed profile of the faster CME (CME2; similar to 1200 km s(-1)) shows a strong deceleration over the distance range at which it reaches the slower, preceding CME (CME1; similar to 700 km s(-1)). By applying a drag-based model we are able to reproduce the kinematical profile of CME2, suggesting that CME1 represents a magnetohydrodynamic obstacle for CME2 and that, after the interaction, the merged entity propagates as a single structure in an ambient flow of speed and density typical for quiet solar wind conditions. Observational facts show that magnetic forces may contribute to the enhanced deceleration of CME2. We speculate that the increase in magnetic tension and pressure, when CME2 bends and compresses the magnetic field lines of CME1, increases the efficiency of drag. C1 [Temmer, Manuela; Rollett, Tanja; Bein, Bianca; Moestl, Christian; Veronig, Astrid M.; Flor, Olga] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Vrsnak, Bojan; Zic, Tomislav] Univ Zagreb, Fac Geodesy, Hvar Observ, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. [de Koning, Curt A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liu, Ying; Moestl, Christian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Bosman, Eckhard; Moestl, Christian] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Davies, Jackie A.; Bothmer, Volker] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Harrison, Richard] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Nitta, Nariaki] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Bisi, Mario] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Math & Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. [Bisi, Mario] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Eastwood, Jonathan; Forsyth, Robert] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Odstrcil, Dusan] George Mason Univ, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Temmer, M (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, Univ Pl 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM mat@igam.uni-graz.at RI Veronig, Astrid/B-8422-2009; OI Liu, Ying/0000-0002-3483-5909; Moestl, Christian/0000-0001-6868-4152; Amerstorfer, Tanja/0000-0001-9024-6706; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [FWF V195-N16]; European Union [218816, 263252]; Austrian Space Applications Programme [828271 3D-POC]; European Community; NASA TRT [NNX09AJ84G] FX We thank Tim Howard for constructive discussions and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. M.T. greatly acknowledges the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): FWF V195-N16. The present work has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 218816 (SOTERIA) and No. 263252 (COMESEP). B.B. was funded by the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP-7 project No. 828271 3D-POC). This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. C.A. de Koning was supported by NASA TR&T grant NNX09AJ84G. NR 62 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2012 VL 749 IS 1 AR 57 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/57 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 917KW UT WOS:000302175500057 ER PT J AU Begelman, MC AF Begelman, Mitchell C. TI FORCE-FEEDING BLACK HOLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; hydrodynamics; radiative transfer ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; X-RAY SOURCES; VELOCITY DISPERSION; HOST GALAXIES; QUASI-STARS; FLOWS; GAS; LUMINOSITIES; CONVECTION; COLLAPSE AB We propose that the growth of supermassive black holes is associated mainly with brief episodes of highly super-Eddington infall of gas ("hyperaccretion"). This gas is not swallowed in real time, but forms an envelope of matter around the black hole that can be swallowed gradually, over a much longer timescale. However, only a small fraction of the black hole mass can be stored in the envelope at any one time. We argue that any infalling matter above a few percent of the hole'smass is ejected as a result of the plunge in opacity at temperatures below a few thousand degrees kelvin, corresponding to the Hayashi track. The speed of ejection of this matter, compared to the velocity dispersion sigma of the host galaxy's core, determines whether the ejected matter is lost forever or returns eventually to rejoin the envelope, from which it can be ultimately accreted. The threshold between matter recycling and permanent loss defines a relationship between the maximum black hole mass and sigma that resembles the empirical M-BH-sigma relation. C1 [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Begelman, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF [AST-0907872] FX I thank Phil Armitage for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907872. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2012 VL 749 IS 1 AR L3 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/749/1/L3 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 917AA UT WOS:000302143100003 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Montes, MJ Parrish, CE Fusina, RA Nichols, CR Li, RR Hallenborg, E Jones, CA Lee, K Sellars, J White, SA Fry, JC AF Bachmann, Charles M. Montes, Marcos J. Parrish, Christopher E. Fusina, Robert A. Nichols, C. Reid Li, Rong-Rong Hallenborg, Eric Jones, Christopher A. Lee, Krista Sellars, Jon White, Stephen A. Fry, John C. TI A dual-spectrometer approach to reflectance measurements under sub-optimal sky conditions SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID VCR07 MULTISENSOR CAMPAIGN; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; VEGETATED SURFACES; COVER; SOIL; DISCRIMINATION; VARIABILITY; RETRIEVAL AB This paper presents a practical method for the development of spectral reflectance libraries under sub-optimal sky conditions. Although there are commercially available spectrometers which simultaneously measure both downwelling and upwelling radiance to mitigate the impact of sub-optimal sky conditions, these spectrometers only record in the visible and near infra-red. There are presently no commercially available spectrometers with this capability that can record the visible through short-wave infra-red. This paper presents a practical method of recording and processing data using coordinated measurements from two full-range spectrometers and discusses potential pitfalls and solutions required to achieve accurate reflectance spectra. Results demonstrate that high-quality spectral reflectance libraries can be developed with this approach. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Montes, Marcos J.; Fusina, Robert A.; Li, Rong-Rong] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Parrish, Christopher E.; Sellars, Jon; White, Stephen A.] NOAA, NGS Remote Sensing Div, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nichols, C. Reid; Fry, John C.] Marine Informat Resources Corp, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Hallenborg, Eric] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Jones, Christopher A.; Lee, Krista] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 9 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 8 BP 8959 EP 8973 DI 10.1364/OE.20.008959 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 926TT UT WOS:000302855500074 PM 22513607 ER PT J AU Diallo, SO Azuah, RT Abernathy, DL Rota, R Boronat, J Glyde, HR AF Diallo, S. O. Azuah, R. T. Abernathy, D. L. Rota, R. Boronat, J. Glyde, H. R. TI Bose-Einstein condensation in liquid He-4 near the liquid-solid transition line SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERFLUID TRANSITION; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; KINETIC-ENERGY; HELIUM; HE-4; SUPERSOLIDITY; GASES AB We present precision neutron scattering measurements of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) fraction n(0)(T) and the atomic momentum distribution n(star)(k) of liquid He-4 as a function of temperature at pressure p = 24 bars. Both the temperature dependence of n(0)(T) and of the width of n(star)(k) are determined. The n(0)(T) can be represented by n(0)(T) = n(0)(0)[1 -(T/T-lambda)(gamma)] with a small n(0)(0) = 2.80 +/- 0.20% and large gamma = 13 +/- 2 for T < T-lambda, indicating a strong interaction. The onset of BEC is accompanied by a significant narrowing of the n(star)(k). The narrowing accounts for 65% of the drop in kinetic energy below T-lambda and reveals an important coupling between BEC and k > 0 states. The experimental results are well reproduced by path integral Monte Carlo calculations. C1 [Diallo, S. O.; Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rota, R.; Boronat, J.] Univ Politeecn Catalunya, Dept Fis & Engn Nucl, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Glyde, H. R.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20742 USA. RP Diallo, SO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rota, Riccardo/G-4348-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016; OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391; Boronat, Jordi/0000-0002-0273-3457 FU DGI (Spain) [FIS2008-04403]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2009SGR-1003]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE; DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [ER46680] FX We thank J. Carmichael for designing the modular 100-bars sample cell and L. Solomon and E. Robles for valuable technical assistance with the sample environment. R. R. and J. B. acknowledge partial financial support from the DGI (Spain) Grant No. FIS2008-04403 and Generalitat de Catalunya Grant No. 2009SGR-1003. Work at ORNL and SNS is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE. This work was supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. ER46680. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 9 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 14 AR 140505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.140505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 923HR UT WOS:000302610900002 ER PT J AU Villareal, TA Brown, CG Brzezinski, MA Krause, JW Wilson, C AF Villareal, Tracy A. Brown, Colbi G. Brzezinski, Mark A. Krause, Jeffrey W. Wilson, Cara TI Summer Diatom Blooms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: 2008-2009 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ANNUAL SILICA CYCLE; RICHELIA-INTRACELLULARIS; OLIGOTROPHIC PACIFIC; CHLOROPHYLL BLOOMS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; N-2 FIXATION; OCEAN; DIAZOTROPHS; ATLANTIC AB The summertime North Pacific subtropical gyre has widespread phytoplankton blooms between Hawaii and the subtropical front (similar to 30 degrees N) that appear as chlorophyll (chl) increases in satellite ocean color data. Nitrogen-fixing diatom symbioses (diatom-diazotroph associations: DDAs) often increase 10(2)-10(3) fold in these blooms and contribute to elevated export flux. In 2008 and 2009, two cruises targeted satellite chlorophyll blooms to examine DDA species abundance, chlorophyll concentration, biogenic silica concentration, and hydrography. Generalized observations that DDA blooms occur when the mixed layer depth is < 70 m are supported, but there is no consistent relationship between mixed layer depth, bloom intensity, or composition; regional blooms between 22-34 degrees N occur within a broader temperature range (21-26 degrees C) than previously reported. In both years, the Hemiaulus-Richelia and Rhizosolenia-Richelia DDAs increased 10(2)-10(3) over background concentrations within satellite-defined bloom features. The two years share a common trend of Hemiaulus dominance of the DDAs and substantial increases in the >10 mu m chl a fraction (similar to 40-90+% of total chl a). Integrated diatom abundance varied 10-fold over <10 km. Biogenic silica concentration tracked diatom abundance, was dominated by the >10 mu m size fraction, and increased up to 5-fold in the blooms. The two years differed in the magnitude of the surface chl a increase (2009>2008), the abundance of pennate diatoms within the bloom (2009>2008), and the substantially greater mixed layer depth in 2009. Only the 2009 bloom had sufficient chl a in the >10 mu m fraction to produce the observed ocean color chl increase. Blooms had high spatial variability; ocean color images likely average over numerous small events over time and space scales that exceed the individual event scale. Summertime DDA export flux noted at the Hawaii time-series Sta. ALOHA is probably a generalized feature of the eastern N. Pacific north to the subtropical front. C1 [Villareal, Tracy A.; Brown, Colbi G.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.; Brown, Colbi G.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.; Krause, Jeffrey W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wilson, Cara] NOAA NMFS SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Villareal, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. EM t.villareal@mail.utexas.edu RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012; Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0726726, OCE-9414372, OCE-0094591, OCE-0648130] FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) (www.nsf.gov) grants OCE-0726726, OCE-9414372, and OCE-0094591 awarded to TAV and OCE, and OCE-0648130 to MAB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR e33109 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033109 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 955JA UT WOS:000305012700005 PM 22493663 ER PT J AU Lance, VP Strutton, PG Vaillancourt, RD Hargreaves, BR Zhang, JZ Marra, J AF Lance, Veronica P. Strutton, Peter G. Vaillancourt, Robert D. Hargreaves, Bruce R. Zhang, Jia-Zhong Marra, John TI Primary productivity, new productivity, and their relation to carbon flux during two Southern Ocean Gas Exchange tracer experiments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION; CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS; POLAR FRONTAL ZONE; SCOTIA SEA; NITROGEN UPTAKE; SILICIC-ACID; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; PHYSIOLOGICAL-STATE; NUTRIENT STRESS AB Biological uptake rates of inorganic carbon and nitrate were measured during two sequential tracer release gas exchange experiments, together known as the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (SO GasEx) in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean Antarctic Zone (51 degrees N, 38 degrees W). Primary productivity estimated from C-14 incubations ranged from 26.7 to 47.2 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) in the first experiment (Patch 1) and 13.7 to 39.4 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) in the second experiment (Patch 2). Nitrate-based productivity estimated from (NO3)-N-15 incubations ranged from 5.8 to 13.1 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) in Patch 1 and 1.9 to 7.1 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) in Patch 2. The average ratio of nitrate-based productivity to primary productivity (approximating the f ratio) was 0.24 in Patch 1 and 0.15 in Patch 2. Chlorophyll concentrations for both patches were less than 1 mg m(-3). Photochemical efficiency (F-v/F-m) was low (similar to 0.3) in Patch 1 and moderate (similar to 0.45) in Patch 2. Si(OH)(4) concentrations were potentially limiting (<1 mmol m(-3) for Patch 1 and similar to 3 mmol m(-3) for Patch 2), while NH4+ concentrations were elevated (similar to 1 mmol m(-3) for Patch 1 and similar to 2.2 mmol m(-3) for Patch 2) compared with typical open ocean Antarctic Zone water. We hypothesize that Patch 1 productivity was regulated by the availability of Si(OH)(4), while Patch 2 productivity was regulated by grazers. Primary production and nitrate-based production (as a proxy for C export) determined here provide components for a mixed layer carbon budget from which the air-sea flux of CO2 will be quantified. C1 [Lance, Veronica P.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Strutton, Peter G.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Strutton, Peter G.] Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Vaillancourt, Robert D.] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Earth Sci, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. [Hargreaves, Bruce R.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Marra, John] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Lance, VP (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. EM veronica.p.lance@nasa.gov RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Strutton, Peter/C-4466-2011 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Strutton, Peter/0000-0002-2395-9471 FU NASA; NOAA FX Thanks go to Carlos Del Castillo for onboard filtration assistance for variable fluorescence blanks, to Charles Fischer for onboard nutrient analysis, to David Hebert for mixed layer depth discussions, to chief scientists David Ho and Chris Sabine, and for the helpful participation of the entire SO GasEx scientific crew. Recognition goes to captain and crew of the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown. Appreciation goes to A. Gordon for valuable discussions about Southern Ocean fronts and to R. Wanninkhof for thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Comments from three anonymous reviewers were incorporated into manuscript revisions. This study was supported by a NASA grant to JM, RDV, BRH, and A. Subramanium; a NOAA grant to PGS; and a NOAA grant to JZZ. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C00F14 DI 10.1029/2011JC007687 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 921SE UT WOS:000302496900003 ER PT J AU Sturdivant, SK Diaz, RJ Cutter, GR AF Sturdivant, S. Kersey Diaz, Robert J. Cutter, George R. TI Bioturbation in a Declining Oxygen Environment, in situ Observations from Wormcam SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLYCHAETE NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER; BENTHIC MACROFAUNA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; DEPOSIT-FEEDERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; REACTION-RATES; HYPOXIA AB Bioturbation, the displacement and mixing of sediment particles by fauna or flora, facilitates life supporting processes by increasing the quality of marine sediments. In the marine environment bioturbation is primarily mediated by infaunal organisms, which are susceptible to perturbations in their surrounding environment due to their sedentary life history traits. Of particular concern is hypoxia, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations <= 2.8 mg l(-1), a prevalent and persistent problem that affects both pelagic and benthic fauna. A benthic observing system (Wormcam) consisting of a buoy, telemetering electronics, sediment profile camera, and water quality datasonde was developed and deployed in the Rappahannock River, VA, USA, in an area known to experience seasonal hypoxia from early spring to late fall. Wormcam transmitted a time series of in situ images and water quality data, to a website via wireless internet modem, for 5 months spanning normoxic and hypoxic periods. Hypoxia was found to significantly reduce bioturbation through reductions in burrow lengths, burrow production, and burrowing depth. Although infaunal activity was greatly reduced during hypoxic and near anoxic conditions, some individuals remained active. Low concentrations of DO in the water column limited bioturbation by infaunal burrowers and likely reduced redox cycling between aerobic and anaerobic states. This study emphasizes the importance of in situ observations for understanding how components of an ecosystem respond to hypoxia. C1 [Sturdivant, S. Kersey; Diaz, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Pt, VA USA. [Sturdivant, S. Kersey] NOAA, Cordell Bank Natl Marine Sanctuaries Program, Point Reyes Stn, CA USA. [Cutter, George R.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Sturdivant, SK (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Pt, VA USA. EM kersey.sturdivant@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [0536572]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05NOS4781202] FX Supported in part by funding from National Science Foundation award 0536572 and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Hypoxia Research Program grant NA05NOS4781202. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding received for this study. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR e34539 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034539 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 955JA UT WOS:000305012700043 PM 22493701 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Dube, WP Karamchandani, P Yarwood, G Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Holloway, JS Washenfelder, RA Brock, CA Frost, GJ Trainer, M Parrish, DD Fehsenfeld, FC Ravishankara, AR AF Brown, Steven S. Dube, William P. Karamchandani, Prakash Yarwood, Greg Peischl, Jeff Ryerson, Thomas B. Neuman, J. Andrew Nowak, John B. Holloway, John S. Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Brock, Charles A. Frost, Gregory J. Trainer, Michael Parrish, David D. Fehsenfeld, Frederick C. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Effects of NOx control and plume mixing on nighttime chemical processing of plumes from coal-fired power plants SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; OZONE FORMATION; TEXAS; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; DESIGN; URBAN; INLET AB Coal-fired electric power plants produce a large fraction of total U. S. NOx emissions, but NOx from this sector has been declining in the last decade owing to installation of control technology. Nighttime aircraft intercepts of plumes from two different Texas power plants (Oklaunion near Wichita Falls and W. A. Parish near Houston) with different control technologies demonstrate the effect of these reductions on nighttime NOx oxidation rates. The analysis shows that the spatial extent of nighttime-emitted plumes to be quite limited and that mixing of highly concentrated plume NOx with ambient ozone is a determining factor for its nighttime oxidation. The plume from the uncontrolled plant had full titration of ozone through 74 km/2.4 h of downwind transport that suppressed nighttime oxidation of NO2 to higher oxides of nitrogen across the majority of the plume. The plume from the controlled plant did not have sufficient NOx to titrate background ozone, which led to rapid nighttime oxidation of NO2 during downwind transport. A plume model that includes horizontal mixing and nighttime chemistry reproduces the observed structures of the nitrogen species in the plumes from the two plants. The model shows that NOx controls not only reduce the emissions directly but also lead to an additional overnight NOx loss of 36-44% on average. The maximum reduction for 12 h of transport in darkness was 73%. The results imply that power plant NOx emissions controls may produce a larger than linear reduction in next-day, downwind ozone production following nighttime transport. C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.; Peischl, Jeff; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.; Holloway, John S.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Brock, Charles A.; Frost, Gregory J.; Trainer, Michael; Parrish, David D.; Fehsenfeld, Frederick C.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dube, William P.; Peischl, Jeff; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.; Holloway, John S.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Frost, Gregory J.; Fehsenfeld, Frederick C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karamchandani, Prakash; Yarwood, Greg] Environ Inc, Novato, CA 94945 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,MS R-CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101 FU state of Texas through the Air Quality Research Program; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality; NOAA FX The preparation of this report is based on work supported by the state of Texas through the Air Quality Research Program administered by the University of Texas at Austin by means of a grant from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The work was also supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 5 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D07304 DI 10.1029/2011JD016954 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922EC UT WOS:000302528600003 ER PT J AU O'Neil, GC Lowell, PJ Underwood, JM Ullom, JN AF O'Neil, Galen C. Lowell, Peter J. Underwood, Jason M. Ullom, Joel N. TI Measurement and modeling of a large-area normal-metal/insulator/superconductor refrigerator with improved cooling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARTICLE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING; ALUMINUM; METALS AB In a normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junction refrigerator, the normal-metal electrons are cooled and the dissipated power heats the superconducting electrode. This paper presents a review of the mechanisms by which heat leaves the superconductor and introduces overlayer quasiparticle traps for more effective heat sinking. A comprehensive thermal model is presented that accounts for the described physics, including the behavior of athermal phonons generated by both quasiparticle recombination and trapped quasiparticles. We compare the model to measurements of a large-area (>400 mu m(2)) NIS refrigerator with overlayer quasiparticle traps, and demonstrate that the model is in good agreement experiment. The refrigerator IV curve at a bath temperature of 300 mK is consistent with an electron temperature of 82 mK. However, evidence from independent thermometer junctions suggests that the refrigerator junction is creating an athermal electron whose total excitation energy corresponds to a higher temperature than is indicated by the refrigerator IV curve. C1 [O'Neil, Galen C.; Lowell, Peter J.; Underwood, Jason M.; Ullom, Joel N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Lowell, Peter J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP O'Neil, GC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM oneilg@nist.gov; ullom@nist.gov FU NASA APRA; NRC RAP FX We benefited from the help of many other members of the Quantum Sensors Program and Quantum Fabrication Facility. This work was funded by the NASA APRA Program and the NRC RAP. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 5 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 13 AR 134504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.134504 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 920JQ UT WOS:000302401000002 ER PT J AU Wild, RJ Makotyn, P Pino, JM Cornell, EA Jin, DS AF Wild, R. J. Makotyn, P. Pino, J. M. Cornell, E. A. Jin, D. S. TI Measurements of Tan's Contact in an Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED FERMI GAS; SCATTERING LENGTH; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; BOUND-STATES; RECOMBINATION; UNIVERSALITY; SYSTEM AB A powerful set of universal relations, centered on a quantity called the contact, connects the strength of short-range two-body correlations to the thermodynamics of a many-body system with zero-range interactions. We report on measurements of the contact, using rf spectroscopy, for an Rb-85 atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). For bosons, the fact that contact spectroscopy can be used to probe the gas on short time scales is useful given the decreasing stability of BECs with increasing interactions. A complication is the added possibility, for bosons, of three-body interactions. In investigating this issue, we have located an Efimov resonance for Rb-85 atoms with loss measurements and thus determined the three-body interaction parameter. In our contact spectroscopy, in a region of observable beyond-meanfield effects, we find no measurable contribution from three-body physics. C1 [Wild, R. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wild, RJ (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013 OI Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172 FU NSF; ONR; NIST FX We acknowledge useful discussions with Eric Braaten, Paul Julienne, Jeremy Hutson, Shina Tan, John Bohn, and the larger Cornell/Jin groups. We thank Chris Poulton and Sophie Letournel for experimental assistance. This work is supported by the NSF, ONR, and NIST. NR 39 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 14 AR 145305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.145305 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 920NO UT WOS:000302412300009 PM 22540806 ER PT J AU Viereck, RA AF Viereck, Rodney A. TI The U.S.-U.K. Space Weather Workshop SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Viereck, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD APR 5 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S04002 DI 10.1029/2012SW000770 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922FF UT WOS:000302531500001 ER PT J AU Bohnet, JG Chen, ZL Weiner, JM Meiser, D Holland, MJ Thompson, JK AF Bohnet, Justin G. Chen, Zilong Weiner, Joshua M. Meiser, Dominic Holland, Murray J. Thompson, James K. TI A steady-state superradiant laser with less than one intracavity photon SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATOM LASER; LINEWIDTH; DYNAMICS; CLOCK AB The spectral purity of an oscillator is central to many applications, such as detecting gravity waves(1), defining the second(2,3), ground-state cooling and quantum manipulation of nanomechanical objects(4), and quantum computation(5). Recent proposals(6-9) suggest that laser oscillators which use very narrow optical transitions in atoms can be orders of magnitude more spectrally pure than present lasers. Lasers of this high spectral purity are predicted to operate deep in the 'bad-cavity', or superradiant, regime, where the bare atomic linewidth is much less than the cavity linewidth. Here we demonstrate a Raman superradiant laser source in which spontaneous synchronization of more than one million rubidium-87 atomic dipoles is continuously sustained by less than 0.2 photons on average inside the optical cavity. By operating at low intracavity photon number, we demonstrate isolation of the collective atomic dipole from the environment by a factor of more than ten thousand, as characterized by cavity frequency pulling measurements. The emitted light has a frequency linewidth, measured relative to the Raman dressing laser, that is less than that of single-particle decoherence linewidths and more than ten thousand times less than the quantum linewidth limit typically applied to 'good-cavity' optical lasers(10), for which the cavity linewidth is much less than the atomic linewidth. These results demonstrate several key predictions for future superradiant lasers, which could be used to improve the stability of passive atomic clocks(3) and which may lead to new searches for physics beyond the standard model(11,12). C1 [Bohnet, Justin G.; Chen, Zilong; Weiner, Joshua M.; Meiser, Dominic; Holland, Murray J.; Thompson, James K.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bohnet, Justin G.; Chen, Zilong; Weiner, Joshua M.; Meiser, Dominic; Holland, Murray J.; Thompson, James K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thompson, JK (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jkt@jila.colorado.edu RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU NSF PFC; NIST; ARO; DARPA QuASaR through ARO; NSF; NSF GRF; A*STAR Singapore FX We thank J. Ye and A. M. Rey for discussions. J.G.B., Z.C., J.M.W. and J.K.T. acknowledge support from NSF PFC, NIST and ARO. M.J.H. and D.M. acknowledge support from the DARPA QuASaR programme through a grant from ARO and from NSF. J.G.B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF, and Z.C. acknowledges support from A*STAR Singapore. NR 29 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 5 PY 2012 VL 484 IS 7392 BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1038/nature10920 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 919QN UT WOS:000302343400037 PM 22481360 ER PT J AU Pancheshnyi, S Biagi, S Bordage, MC Hagelaar, GJM Morgan, WL Phelps, AV Pitchford, LC AF Pancheshnyi, S. Biagi, S. Bordage, M. C. Hagelaar, G. J. M. Morgan, W. L. Phelps, A. V. Pitchford, L. C. TI The LXCat project: Electron scattering cross sections and swarm parameters for low temperature plasma modeling SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Low temperature plasma modeling; On-line databases; Electron-neutral cross sections; Electron swarm parameters; Boltzmann calculation ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; IMPACT EXCITATION; TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; ARGON; IONIZATION; COLLISIONS; DISCHARGE; RATIOS; VALUES AB LXCat is a dynamic, open-access, website for collecting, displaying, and downloading ELECtron SCATtering cross sections and swarm parameters (mobility, diffusion coefficient, reaction rates, etc.) required for modeling low temperature, non-equilibrium plasmas. Contributors set up individual databases, and the available databases, indicated by the contributor's chosen title, include mainly complete sets of electron-neutral scattering cross sections, although the option for introducing partial sets of cross sections exists. A database for measured swarm parameters is also part of LXCat, and this is a growing activity. On-line tools include options for browsing, plotting, and downloading cross section data. The electron energy distribution functions (edfs) in low temperature plasmas are in general non-Maxwellian, and LXCat provides an option for execution of an on-line Boltzmann equation solver to calculate the edf in homogeneous electric fields. Thus, the user can obtain electron transport and rate coefficients (averages over the edfs) in pure gases or gas mixtures over a range of values of the reduced electric fields strength, E/N, the ratio of the electric field strength to the neutral density, using cross sections from the available databases. New contributors are welcome and anyone wishing to create a database and upload data can request a username and password. LXCat is part of a larger, community-wide effort aimed at collecting, evaluating, and sharing data relevant to modeling low temperature plasmas. To illustrate the utility of LXCat in this context, we compare electron swarm parameters in argon calculated using the different compilations of cross sections presently available on LXCat. These compilations include quite different groupings of excited states, yet lead to swarm parameters in good agreement. LXCat is available at http://www.lxcat.laplace.univ-tlse.fr. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pancheshnyi, S.; Bordage, M. C.; Hagelaar, G. J. M.; Pitchford, L. C.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LAPLACE Lab Plasma & Convers Energie, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. [Pancheshnyi, S.; Bordage, M. C.; Hagelaar, G. J. M.; Pitchford, L. C.] CNRS, LAPLACE, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Biagi, S.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Morgan, W. L.] Kinema Res & Software, Monument, CO 80132 USA. [Phelps, A. V.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pitchford, LC (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LAPLACE Lab Plasma & Convers Energie, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. EM Sergey.pancheshnyi@laplace.univ-tlse.fr; stephen.biagi@hotmail.co.uk; Marie-claude.bordage@laplace.univ-tlse.fr; Gerjan.hagelaar@laplace.univ-tlse.fr; morgan@kinema.com; avp@jila.colorado.edu; Leanne.pitchford@laplace.univ-tlse.fr FU Reseau Plasmas Froids (Low Temperature Plasma Network) of the CNRS FX Hardware for this project was purchased in 2009 through support from the Reseau Plasmas Froids (Low Temperature Plasma Network) of the CNRS. We gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Sanchita Chowdhury and Marina Okhrimovskaya and the many useful discussions with members of the Gaseous Electronics Community. NR 44 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD APR 4 PY 2012 VL 398 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.04.020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 941XN UT WOS:000304002100022 ER PT J AU Diagne, F Malaisamy, R Boddie, V Holbrook, RD Eribo, B Jones, KL AF Diagne, Fatou Malaisamy, Ramamoorthy Boddie, Vic Holbrook, R. David Eribo, Broderick Jones, Kimberly L. TI Polyelectrolyte and Silver Nanoparticle Modification of Microfiltration Membranes To Mitigate Organic and Bacterial Fouling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; WATER; MULTILAYERS; RELEASE; NANOMATERIALS; REDUCTION; MATTER; GROWTH; COLI; FILM AB Membrane fouling remains one of the most problematic issues surrounding membrane use in water and wastewater treatment applications. Organic and biological fouling contribute to irreversible fouling and flux decline in these processes. The aim of this study was to reduce both organic and biological fouling by modifying the surface of commercially available poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes using the polyelectrolyte multilayer modification method with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), and silver nanoparticles (nanoAg) integrated onto the surface as stable, thin (15 nm) films. PSS increases the hydrophilicity of the membrane and increases the negative surface charge, while integration of nanoAg into the top PSS layer imparts biocidal characteristics to the modified surface. Fouling was simulated by filtering aqueous solutions of humic acid (5 and 20 mg L-1), a suspension of Escherichia coli (10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) mL(-1)), and a mixture of both foulants through unmodified and modified PES membranes under batch conditions. Filtration and cleaning studies confirmed that the modification significantly reduced organic and biological fouling. C1 [Diagne, Fatou; Malaisamy, Ramamoorthy; Jones, Kimberly L.] Howard Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Boddie, Vic; Eribo, Broderick] Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2300 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM kljones@howard.edu RI May, Patrick/B-8615-2015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under NSF, Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) [EF-0830093] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under NSF Cooperative Agreement EF-0830093, Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT). Additionally, we thank Andy Hai Ting and the CREST laboratories at Howard University for the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles and Dr. Seokjoon Kwon from the department of Civil Engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) for his assistance using the ICP/MS instrument. We thank Dr. Delina Lyon, Research Associate at Howard University, for sharing her expertise on the microbial growth. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 7 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 3 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 7 BP 4025 EP 4033 DI 10.1021/es203945v PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926SC UT WOS:000302850400057 PM 22329664 ER PT J AU Moore, RH Cerully, K Bahreini, R Brock, CA Middlebrook, AM Nenes, A AF Moore, R. H. Cerully, K. Bahreini, R. Brock, C. A. Middlebrook, A. M. Nenes, A. TI Hygroscopicity and composition of California CCN during summer 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; ANALYSIS-A METHOD; ORGANIC AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MIXING STATE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; CHEMISTRY; CLOSURE AB We present an overview and analysis of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sampled in California by a NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the 2010 CalNex project. Four distinct geographical regions are characterized, including the Los Angeles basin, the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys, and the eastern Pacific Ocean west of southern California. Median size distributions in the Central Valley were unimodal (D-g similar to 25 nm) with a larger fraction of organic species and smaller fraction of nitrate species in the Sacramento Valley aerosol than in the San Joaquin Valley aerosol. Size distributions in the Los Angeles basin and marine outflow were bimodal (geometric mean diameter, D-g similar to 30, 90-100 nm) with similar organic fractions and some replacement of nitrate with sulfate in the marine outflow. Both fine particle and CCN concentrations were found to decrease rapidly above the planetary boundary layer (similar to 2 km altitude), with CCN concentrations in the boundary layer ranging from similar to 10(2)-10(4) cm(-3) STP, while fine particle concentrations (0.004-1 mu m diameters) ranged from similar to 10(3)-10(5) cm(-3) STP. The CCN-active number fraction varied between 0-100% in the Los Angeles Basin and Marine Outflow, but was substantially lower (0-40%) in the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. Values of the hygroscopicity parameter, kappa, inferred from the CCN measurements varied from 0.1-0.25, with the highest values in the marine outflow and the lowest values in the Sacramento Valley. The k values agreed well with the predictions based on size-resolved aerosol composition, but were overpredicted by almost twofold when size-averaged composition was used. CCN closure was assessed for simplified compositional and mixing state assumptions, and it was found that assuming the aerosol to be internally mixed overpredicted CCN concentrations by 30-75% for all air mass types except within the Sacramento Valley, where good closure (overprediction < 10%) was achieved by assuming insoluble organics. Assuming an externally-mixed aerosol fraction or incorporating size-resolved composition data improved closure in the other three regions, consistent with the bimodal nature of the aerosol size distribution. C1 [Moore, R. H.; Cerully, K.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bahreini, R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Brock, C. A.; Middlebrook, A. M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Moore, RH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; FU NOAA; NASA; NSF FX We acknowledge support from NOAA, NASA, and an NSF CAREER award. R. Moore acknowledges support from a NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Research Fellowship. The CalNex project was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality Programs. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V12 DI 10.1029/2011JD017352 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922EA UT WOS:000302528400003 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF Gaigalas, G AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese Gaigalas, Gediminas TI Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock energy levels and transition probabilities for W XXXVIII SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TUNGSTEN AB Energies, lifetimes, and wave-function compositions have been computed for all levels of 4p(6)4d, 4p(6)4f, and 4p(5)4d(2) using single and double excitations from a multireference set (SD-MR) to generate expansions for the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) approximation. An extended version of the general relativistic atomic structure package, GRASP2K, was used to deal with configuration state functions with as many as six open shells and with configurations containing as many as three f electrons. E1, E2, M1 transition probabilities are reported for transitions between the levels as supplemental material. Results are compared with other theory and with experiment, when available. C1 [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gaigalas, Gediminas] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Gediminas.Gaigalas@tfai.vu.lt NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 3 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 4 AR 042501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.042501 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 918ZK UT WOS:000302290200004 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Rajauria, S Huo, H Ozsun, O Rykaczewski, K Kumar, J Ekinci, KL AF Kumar, A. Rajauria, S. Huo, H. Ozsun, O. Rykaczewski, K. Kumar, J. Ekinci, K. L. TI Surface area enhancement of microcantilevers by femto-second laser irradiation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSES AB A dry single-step process for enhancing the surface area of a silicon microcantilever is described. In this process, a flat microcantilever is irradiated with similar to 100-femto-second-long laser pulses. The silicon surface melts and rapidly cools, resulting in the formation of nanoscale pillars. The shape and size of these nanostructures can be tuned by changing the energy of the pulses. Resonance measurements on surface-enhanced microcantilevers show that the irradiation process reduces the stiffness and the resonance frequency of the cantilevers. Fluidic dissipation measurements provide an estimate for the surface area increase. Both the enhanced surfaces and the fluidic characteristics of these microcantilevers may be useful in bio-chemical sensing applications. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3701163] C1 [Kumar, A.; Huo, H.; Kumar, J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kumar, A.; Huo, H.; Kumar, J.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Rajauria, S.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rajauria, S.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ozsun, O.; Ekinci, K. L.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ozsun, O.; Ekinci, K. L.] Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rykaczewski, K.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM ekinci@bu.edu RI Ekinci, Kamil/A-1215-2009 FU US NSF [ECCS-0643178, CBET-0755927, CMMI-0970071, 52100000005103]; NRC ARRA FX The authors acknowledge support from the US NSF (through Grant Nos. ECCS-0643178, CBET-0755927, CMMI-0970071, and 52100000005103). K.R. was supported by an NRC ARRA postdoctoral fellowship at NIST. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 14 AR 141607 DI 10.1063/1.3701163 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 922SG UT WOS:000302567800016 ER PT J AU Helton, JS Stone, MB Shulyatev, DA Mukovskii, YM Lynn, JW AF Helton, Joel S. Stone, Matthew B. Shulyatev, Dmitry A. Mukovskii, Yakov M. Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Paramagnetic spin correlations in colossal magnetoresistive La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LA1-XCAXMNO3; MANGANITES; TEMPERATURE; PHASE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; RESISTIVITY; PEROVSKITES; DYNAMICS AB Neutron spectroscopy measurements reveal dynamic spin correlations throughout the Brillouin zone in the colossal magnetoresistive material La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 at 265 K (approximate to 1.03 T-C). The long-wavelength behavior is consistent with spin diffusion, yet an additional and unexpected component of the scattering is also observed in low-energy constant-E measurements, which takes the form of ridges of strong quasielastic scattering running along (H 0 0) and equivalent directions. Well-defined Q-space correlations are observed in constant-E scans at energies up to at least 28 meV, suggesting robust short-range spin correlations in the paramagnetic phase. C1 [Helton, Joel S.; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stone, Matthew B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shulyatev, Dmitry A.; Mukovskii, Yakov M.] Natl Univ Sci & Technol MISiS, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Helton, JS (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joel.helton@nist.gov; jeffrey.lynn@nist.gov RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Helton, Joel/B-1798-2010; Shulyatev, Dmitry/M-7278-2014; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Shulyatev, Dmitry/0000-0002-7642-0277; FU NRC/NIST; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX J.S.H. acknowledges support from the NRC/NIST Post-doctoral Associateship Program. This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 2 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 14 AR 144401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.144401 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 918FY UT WOS:000302235900004 ER PT J AU Bhongale, SG Mathey, L Tsai, SW Clark, CW Zhao, EH AF Bhongale, S. G. Mathey, L. Tsai, Shan-Wen Clark, Charles W. Zhao, Erhai TI Bond Order Solid of Two-Dimensional Dipolar Fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; LATTICE AB The recent experimental realization of dipolar Fermi gases near or below quantum degeneracy provides an opportunity to engineer Hubbard-like models with long-range interactions. Motivated by these experiments, we chart out the theoretical phase diagram of interacting dipolar fermions on the square lattice at zero temperature and half filling. We show that, in addition to p-wave superfluid and charge density wave order, two new and exotic types of bond order emerge generically in dipolar fermion systems. These phases feature homogeneous density but periodic modulations of the kinetic hopping energy between nearest or next-nearest neighbors. Similar, but manifestly different, phases of two-dimensional correlated electrons have previously only been hypothesized and termed "density waves of nonzero angular momentum.'' Our results suggest that these phases can be constructed flexibly with dipolar fermions, using currently available experimental techniques. C1 [Bhongale, S. G.; Zhao, Erhai] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnologien, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Laserphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Mathey, L.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathey, L.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tsai, Shan-Wen] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bhongale, SG (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Zhao, Erhai/B-3463-2010 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Zhao, Erhai/0000-0001-8954-1601 FU NIST [70NANB7H6138 Am 001]; ONR [N00014-09-1-1025A]; Landesexzellenzinitiative Hamburg; Science and Research Foundation Hamburg; Joachim Herz Stiftung; NSF [DMR-0847801]; UC-Lab FRP [09-LR-05-118602] FX S.B. and E.Z. are supported by NIST Grant No. 70NANB7H6138 Am 001 and ONR Grant No. N00014-09-1-1025A. L. M. acknowledges support from the Landesexzellenzinitiative Hamburg, which is financed by the Science and Research Foundation Hamburg and supported by the Joachim Herz Stiftung. S. W. T. acknowledges support from the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0847801 and from the UC-Lab FRP under Grant No. 09-LR-05-118602. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 14 AR 145301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.145301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 918HC UT WOS:000302238900006 PM 22540802 ER PT J AU Shaul, KRS Schultz, AJ Kofke, DA Moldover, MR AF Shaul, Katherine R. S. Schultz, Andrew J. Kofke, David A. Moldover, Michael R. TI Semiclassical fifth virial coefficients for improved ab initio helium-4 standards SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CORRECTIONS; HELIUM; WATER; 4TH; POTENTIALS; DENSITY; 3RD AB For helium-4, we present ab initio, semiclassical calculations of virial coefficients B-n for n = 2, 3, 4, and 5 from 50 to 1000 K. Using our values of B-4 and B-5 and the more accurate literature values of B-2 and B-3, we argue that the ab initio virial equation of state is more accurate than recent, high-quality, densimeter measurements spanning the range {223 K < T < 500 K, p < 38 MPa}. Thus, the present values of B-4 and B-5 extend the useful temperature and density range of ab initio helium standards. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shaul, Katherine R. S.; Schultz, Andrew J.; Kofke, David A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Moldover, Michael R.] NIST, Fluid Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kofke, DA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM kofke@buffalo.edu RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 FU US National Science Foundation [CHE-1027963] FX The authors thank J. B. Mehl and G. Garberoglio for sharing their results for B2 and B4, respectively, with us before publication. This material is based upon work supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-1027963. Calculations were performed using resources from the University at Buffalo Center for Computational Research. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2012 VL 531 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 914EK UT WOS:000301931800003 ER PT J AU Sempos, CT Vesper, HW Phinney, K AF Sempos, Christopher T. Vesper, Hubert W. Phinney, Karen TI Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY APR 21-25, 2012 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Sempos, Christopher T.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vesper, Hubert W.] CSC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phinney, Karen] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 032IZ UT WOS:000310711301597 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF Gordon, JA O'Hara, J Booth, J Smith, DR AF Holloway, Christopher L. Kuester, Edward F. Gordon, Joshua A. O'Hara, John Booth, Jim Smith, David R. TI An Overview of the Theory and Applications of Metasurfaces: The Two-Dimensional Equivalents of Metamaterials SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Agile materials; effective media; engineered materials; generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTC); metafilm; metamaterial; metasurface; polarizability densities; surface susceptibility; tunable materials ID ARTIFICIAL ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRICS; NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TRAVELING ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PLANAR TERAHERTZ METAMATERIALS; ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS; LINEAR PERIODIC ARRAYS; TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; OPTICAL FREQUENCIES; DIPOLE SCATTERERS AB Metamaterials are typically engineered by arranging a set of small scatterers or apertures in a regular array throughout a region of space, thus obtaining some desirable bulk electromagnetic behavior. The desired property is often one that is not normally found naturally (negative refractive index, near-zero index, etc.). Over the past ten years, metamaterials have moved from being simply a theoretical concept to a field with developed and marketed applications. Three-dimensional metamaterials can be extended by arranging electrically small scatterers or holes into a two-dimensional pattern at a surface or interface. This surface version of a metamaterial has been given the name metasurface (the term metafilm has also been employed for certain structures). For many applications, metasurfaces can be used in place of metamaterials. Metasurfaces have the advantage of taking up less physical space than do full three-dimensional metamaterial structures; consequently, metasurfaces offer the possibility of less-lossy structures. In this overview paper, we discuss the theoretical basis by which metasurfaces should be characterized, and discuss their various applications. We will see how metasurfaces are distinguished from conventional frequency-selective surfaces. Metasurfaces have a wide range of potential applications in electromagnetics (ranging from low microwave to optical frequencies), including: (1) controllable "smart" surfaces, (2) miniaturized cavity resonators, (3) novel wave-guiding structures, (4) angular-independent surfaces, (5) absorbers, (6) biomedical devices, (7) terahertz switches, and (8) fluid-tunable frequency-agile materials, to name only a few. In this review, we will see that the development in recent years of such materials and/or surfaces is bringing us closer to realizing the exciting speculations made over one hundred years ago by the work of Lamb, Schuster, and Pocklington, and later by Mandel'shtam and Veselago. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Gordon, Joshua A.; Booth, Jim] NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Hara, John] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Smith, David R.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov RI Smith, David/E-4710-2012 NR 129 TC 332 Z9 338 U1 82 U2 435 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD APR PY 2012 VL 54 IS 2 BP 10 EP 35 DI 10.1109/MAP.2012.6230714 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 014XS UT WOS:000309409800002 ER PT J AU Grech, A Chartrand-Miller, K Erftemeijer, P Fonseca, M McKenzie, L Rasheed, M Taylor, H Coles, R AF Grech, Alana Chartrand-Miller, Katie Erftemeijer, Paul Fonseca, Mark McKenzie, Len Rasheed, Michael Taylor, Helen Coles, Rob TI A comparison of threats, vulnerabilities and management approaches in global seagrass bioregions SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE expert elicitation; marine planning; prioritisation; seagrass; threat assessment; vulnerability assessment; management ID ANTHROPOGENIC THREATS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; SCIENCE; LAND; MAP AB Global seagrass habitats are threatened by multiple anthropogenic factors. Effective management of seagrasses requires information on the relative impacts of threats; however, this information is rarely available. Our goal was to use the knowledge of experts to assess the relative impacts of anthropogenic activities in six global seagrass bioregions. The activities that threaten seagrasses were identified at an international seagrass workshop and followed with a web-based survey to collect seagrass vulnerability information. There was a global consensus that urban/industrial runoff, urban/port infrastructure development, agricultural runoff and dredging had the greatest impact on seagrasses, though the order of relative impacts varied by bioregion. These activities are largely terrestrially based, highlighting the need for marine planning initiatives to be co-ordinated with adjacent watershed planning. Sea level rise and increases in the severity of cyclones were ranked highest relative to other climate change related activities, but overall the five climate change activities were ranked low and experts were uncertain of their effects on seagrasses. The experts' preferred mechanism of delivering management outcomes were processes such as policy development, planning and consultation rather than prescriptive management tools. Our approach to collecting expert opinion provides the required data to prioritize seagrass management actions at bioregional scales. C1 [Grech, Alana] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Chartrand-Miller, Katie; McKenzie, Len; Rasheed, Michael; Taylor, Helen; Coles, Rob] Fisheries Queensland, No Fisheries Ctr, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Erftemeijer, Paul] Sinclair Knight Merz, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. [Fonseca, Mark] NOAA NOS NCCOS Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Re, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Grech, A (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM Alana.Grech@jcu.edu.au RI Grech, Alana/E-9464-2011; Chartrand, Kathryn/B-7695-2014; Rasheed, Michael/B-7698-2014; OI Grech, Alana/0000-0003-4117-3779; Chartrand, Kathryn/0000-0002-0030-961X; Rasheed, Michael/0000-0002-8316-7644; Coles, Robert/0000-0002-3192-3778; McKenzie, Leonard/0000-0003-1294-3770 FU Fisheries Queensland; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University FX We thank all of our 132 colleagues for their input at the expert workshop and the web-based survey. Funding was provided in part by Fisheries Queensland and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University. This project received approval from the James Cook University Human Research Ethics Review Committee (approval number H3510). NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 85 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 AR 024006 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 989VZ UT WOS:000307590300009 ER PT J AU Emanuel, K Fondriest, F Kossin, J AF Emanuel, Kerry Fondriest, Fabian Kossin, James TI Potential Economic Value of Seasonal Hurricane Forecasts SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This paper explores the potential utility of seasonal Atlantic hurricane forecasts to a hypothetical property insurance firm whose insured properties are broadly distributed along the U.S. Gulf and East Coasts. Using a recently developed hurricane synthesizer driven by large-scale meteorological variables derived from global reanalysis datasets, 1000 artificial 100-yr time series are generated containing both active and inactive hurricane seasons. The hurricanes thus produced damage to the property insurer's portfolio of insured property, according to an aggregate wind-damage function. The potential value of seasonal hurricane forecasts is assessed by comparing the overall probability density of the company's profits from a control experiment, in which the insurer purchases the same reinsurance coverage each year, to various test strategies in which the amount of risk retained by the primary insurer, and the corresponding premium paid to the reinsurer, varies according to whether the season is active or quiet, holding the risk of ruin constant. Under the highly idealized conditions of this experiment, there is a clear advantage to the hypothetical property insurance firm of using seasonal hurricane forecasts to adjust the amount of reinsurance it purchases each year. Under a strategy that optimizes the company's profits by holding the risk of ruin constant, the probability distribution of profit clearly separates from that of the control strategy after less than 10 yr when the seasonal forecasts are perfect. But when a more realistic seasonal forecast skill is assumed, the potential value of forecasts becomes significant only after more than a decade. C1 [Emanuel, Kerry] MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fondriest, Fabian] Homesite Insurance, Boston, MA USA. [Kossin, James] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kossin, James] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Emanuel, K (reprint author), MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Rm 54-1814, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM emanuel@mit.edu RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA090AR4310131] FX The authors thank Risk Management Solutions, Inc. for making available its proprietary Industry Exposure Database and Alan Lange for processing these data. We are grateful for helpful advice from Rick Murnane, Jan Klein, and two anonymous reviewers. The first author's research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA090AR4310131. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD APR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1175/WCAS-D-11-00017.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 987QS UT WOS:000307432800004 ER PT J AU Butry, DT Chapman, RE Huang, AL Thomas, DS AF Butry, David T. Chapman, Robert E. Huang, Allison L. Thomas, Douglas S. TI A Life-Cycle Cost Comparison of Exit Stairs and Occupant Evacuation Elevators in Tall Buildings SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Buildings; Cost data; Economic analysis; Egress; Exit stairs; Fire protection; Life-cycle cost; Occupant evacuation elevators; Safety AB Recent changes in the International Building Code (IBC) require a third exit stair for buildings in excess of 420 ft (128 m) high. Additionally, the new code provision allows for occupant evacuation elevators (OEE) to be used as an alternative to the third stair, provided the passenger elevator be protected in such a way to facilitate safe building evacuation. In this study, we evaluate the life-cycle costs of these alternative means of egress, using two prototypical building designs. Building '42F' is a 42 floor, 504 ft (154 m) high building with a total floorspace of 1.68 million ft(2) (0.16 million m(2)). Building '75F' is a 75 floor, 900 ft (274 m) high building with a total floorspace of 3.38 million ft(2) (0.31 million m(2)), including an 8403 ft(2) (781 m(2)) sky lobby. The life-cycle cost of the OEE is compared to two exit stair designs, differentiated by width: 44 in. (112 cm) and 66 in. (168 cm). The wider exit stair conforms with another change to the IBC that requires the increase in width of exit stairs by 50% in new sprinklered buildings. The results of the economic analysis demonstrate that: (1) an additional exit stair is a cost-effective alternative to the installation of OEE on a first-cost basis; and (2) OEE are a cost-effective alternative to the installation of an additional exit stair on a life-cycle cost basis when rental rates are moderate to high and when discount rates are moderate to low. C1 [Butry, David T.; Chapman, Robert E.; Huang, Allison L.; Thomas, Douglas S.] NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.butry@nist.gov RI Chang, Yanwei/D-8117-2013 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0203-8 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 985EA UT WOS:000307245000001 ER PT J AU Jones, WW AF Jones, Walter W. TI Implementing High Reliability Fire Detection in the Residential Setting SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire detection; Artificial neural network; Modeling; Failure analysis ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL-NETWORK AB The purpose of detecting fires early is to provide an alarm prior to when there is an environment which is deemed to be a threat to people or a building. High reliability detection is based on the supposition that it is possible to utilize a small number of sensors to ascertain unequivocally that there is a growing threat either to people or to a building and provide an estimation of the seriousness of the threat. The current generation of fire detection systems is designed to respond to smoke, heat, gaseous emission or electromagnetic radiation generated during smoldering and flaming combustion. This paper will demonstrate that these same low level signals can be utilized to achieve the goal of producing earlier detection, while improving reliability. This allows us to reduce the time to detection at the same time reducing the error rate for both false alarms as well as missing fires. Large commercial fire panels are beginning to implement such advanced algorithms for reliable fast detection; however, the focus of this work is to achieve such detection in a way that can be implemented in a lost cost, low power, EPROM which will be suitable for residential systems. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, WW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8664, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dccpw1@gmail.com NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 233 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0211-8 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 985EA UT WOS:000307245000005 ER PT J AU Pate, SM McFee, WE AF Pate, S. Michelle McFee, Wayne E. TI Prey Species of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from South Carolina Waters SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID OPHIDION-MARGINATUM OPHIDIIDAE; STENELLA-ATTENUATA; SPOTTED DOLPHINS; FEEDING-HABITS; SARASOTA BAY; FLORIDA; SCIAENIDAE; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB We describe the diet composition of Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin) from South Carolina waters. Stomach contents of 136 dolphins stranded dead between 2000 and 2006 were examined. Eighty-two dolphin stomachs contained food items and formed the basis for this study. The emphasis of this study was to compare the stomach contents of dolphins that bore evidence of human interaction but were otherwise healthy with those that appeared to die of natural causes. Forty-two prey species representing 24 families were identified. Dolphins fed predominantly on smaller-sized benthic and demersal fish species. Diets were primarily comprised of members of the family Sciaenidae, with Stellifer lanceolatus (Star Drum) being the most abundant species quantitatively. Lolliguncula brevis (Brief Squid) was the most frequently observed prey item. Overall, dolphins that appeared to have died from natural causes consumed similar species of fish and squid to those that exhibited signs of human interaction. This study represents the first quantitative analysis of prey species comprising the diet of Bottlenose Dolphins found in South Carolina waters. C1 [Pate, S. Michelle] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [McFee, Wayne E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Pate, SM (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM PateS@dnr.sc.gov NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD APR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1656/058.011.0101 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 982AB UT WOS:000307013000003 ER PT J AU Powell, JWB Rotstein, DS McFee, WE AF Powell, James W. B. Rotstein, David S. McFee, Wayne E. TI First Records of the Melon-headed Whale (Peponocephala electra) and the Atlantic White-sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) in South Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CETACEANS AB From January to May 2008, the first historical strandings of Peponocephala electra Gray (Melon-headed Whale) and Lagenorhynchus acutus Gray (Atlantic White-sided Dolphin) were recorded in South Carolina. A mass stranding of three Melon-headed Whales (2 males, 1 female) was recorded on 11 January 2008 along the Horry County coast in the cities of Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach. Three additional Melon-headed Whales (1 male, 1 female, and 1 unknown sex) stranded as single individuals over the next two months at locations along the South Carolina coast. Lengths of the animals ranged from 161 to 250 cm, and the ages ranged from 1 to 24 years. On 4 May 2008, a single 263- cm, 17-year-old, male Atlantic White-sided Dolphin stranded in Horry County. The most striking commonalities observed during the Melon-headed Whale and Atlantic White-sided Dolphin necropsies were severe pulmonary distress and reactive lymphadenopathy. The strandings reported herein are the first records of Melon-headed Whales and Atlantic White-sided Dolphins in South Carolina. C1 [Powell, James W. B.; McFee, Wayne E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Powell, JWB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM james.powell@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD APR PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1656/058.011.0102 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 982AB UT WOS:000307013000004 ER PT J AU Badin, G Barry, AM Cavallini, F Crisciani, F AF Badin, G. Barry, A.M. Cavallini, F. Crisciani, F. TI A new integration of Munk's linear model of wind-driven ocean circulation SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS LA English DT Article AB The integration of Munk's model of wind-driven ocean circulation depends critically on the additional conditions which are applied to the boundary of the fluid domain. On the other hand, the linear nature of this model implies the validity of the Sverdrup balance, with the consequent formation of the Sverdrup transport, in the eastern region of the oceanic basins. Thus, the circulation patterns must be consistent with the Sverdrup transport which, in turn, is quite independent of any additional condition. In the present paper, just this request of consistency is expressed in mathematical form, which leads, unlike all the existing models, to the derivation of two additional conditions, both being referred to the eastern wall of the reference basin and depending on the form of the forcing field. Thus, no additional condition is applied to the western boundary. Then, Munk's model is integrated in the presence of a class of wind-stress curls, which depend on a free parameter while, for conceptual simplicity, the eddy viscosity coefficient is taken constant. By suitably varying the parameter, we see how the forcing field determines the additional conditions and, hence, also the structure of the western boundary layer. Finally, the nonlinear stability, with respect to a suitably norm, of the so-obtained model solutions is proved. C1 [Badin, G.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Barry, A.M.] Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cavallini, F.] OGS Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy. [Crisciani, F.] CNR, Ist Sci Marine, I-34123 Trieste, Italy. RP Badin, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM gbadin@princeton.edu RI Badin, Gualtiero/H-2193-2011; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Badin, Gualtiero/0000-0002-0470-1192; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Cavallini, Fabio/0000-0003-4350-3153; Barry, Anna/0000-0001-6423-3880 FU NASA [NNX10AE93G]; ONR [N00014-09-1-0179]; DOE [DE-SC0005189]; NSF [AGS-1144302, DMS0602204, EMSW21-RTG, DMS-090809]; Center for BioDynamics at Boston University FX GB was partially funded by the following grants: NASA Grant NNX10AE93G, ONR Grant N00014-09-1-0179, DOE Grant DE-SC0005189 and NSF Grant AGS-1144302. AMB was supported by the Center for BioDynamics at Boston University and the NSF grants DMS0602204 EMSW21-RTG and DMS-090809. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2190-5444 J9 EUR PHYS J PLUS JI Eur. Phys. J. Plus PD APR PY 2012 VL 127 IS 4 AR 45 DI 10.1140/epjp/i2012-12045-7 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 925OB UT WOS:000302769600006 ER PT J AU Paramanik, D Suzuki, T Ikeda, N Nagai, T Van Haesendonck, C AF Paramanik, Dipak Suzuki, T. Ikeda, N. Nagai, T. Van Haesendonck, C. TI Fabrication of self-masked InP nanopillars by electron cyclotron resonance ion etching SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID TOP-DOWN APPROACH; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; NANOWIRES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RECOMBINATION; ARRAYS; WIRES AB Fabrication of high quality InP nanopillar structures, with the help of self-masking properties and using the electron cyclotron resonance ion etching techniques, can be a easy demanding and one step large scale production method compared to the traditional, expensive and multi-step complicated methods. In this paper regular arrays of crystalline and high aspect ratio InP nanopillars were fabricated by low energy electron cyclotron resonance Ar+ ion irradiation technique. Several scanning electron microscopy images were utilized to investigate the width, height, and orientation of these nanopillars. The average width and length of these nano-pillars were about 50 nm and 500 nm, respectively. Cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that these nanopillars are crystalline in nature. Photoluminescence measurements also revealed the crystalline nature as well as the enhancement in PL intensity due to the large surface area of the nanopillars. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paramanik, Dipak; Suzuki, T.; Ikeda, N.; Nagai, T.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Paramanik, Dipak; Van Haesendonck, C.] Katholiek Univ Leuven, Solid State Phys Lab, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Paramanik, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM dipakiop@gmail.com RI Paramanik, Dipak/C-6220-2009 OI Paramanik, Dipak/0000-0001-5157-183X FU SENTAN-JST of Japan FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Y Sugimoto, Dr. M Takeguchi, and Dr. Y Yamauchi for useful discussions and for help in planning the experiments. This work was partially supported by SENTAN-JST of Japan. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD APR-MAY PY 2012 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 1644 EP 1648 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2012.04.012 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 971IF UT WOS:000306196900093 ER PT J AU McGray, CD Kasica, R Orji, NG Dixson, R Cresswell, MW Allen, RA Geist, J AF McGray, Craig D. Kasica, Richard Orji, Ndubuisi G. Dixson, Ronald Cresswell, Michael W. Allen, Richard A. Geist, Jon TI Robust auto-alignment technique for orientation-dependent etching of nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE auto-alignment; line width; nanoline; anisotropic etching; KOH; TMAH; crystallographic etching; critical dimension-atomic force microscopy ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ALIGNMENT; SILICON; FABRICATION; MICROSCOPY; LINEWIDTH; GATE AB A robust technique is presented for auto-aligning nanostructures to slow-etching planes during crystallographic etching of silicon. Lithographic mask patterns are modified from the intended dimensions of the nanostructures to compensate for uncertainty in crystal axis orientation. The technique was employed in fabricating silicon nanolines having lengths of 600 nm and widths less than 5 nm, subjected to intentional misalignment of up to +/- 1 deg. After anisotropic etching, the auto-aligned structures exhibited as little as 1 nm of width variation, as measured by a critical dimension atomic force microscope, across 2 deg of variation in orientation. By contrast, the widths of control structures fabricated without auto-alignment showed 8 nm of variation. Use of the auto-alignment technique can eliminate the need for fiducial-based alignment methods in a variety of applications. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JMM.11.2.023005] C1 [McGray, Craig D.; Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Dixson, Ronald; Cresswell, Michael W.; Allen, Richard A.; Geist, Jon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allen, Richard A.] SEMATECH, Enablement Ctr 3D, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP McGray, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.mcgray@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 AR 023005 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.11.2.023005 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 970AZ UT WOS:000306101800037 ER PT J AU Pan, ML Leung, PS AF Pan, Minling Leung, PingSun TI GUEST EDITORS' INTRODUCTION: ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MARINE AQUACULTURE AND WILD CAPTURE FISHERIES SO AQUACULTURE ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pan, Minling] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Leung, PingSun] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Pan, ML (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 100, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Minling.Pan@NOAA.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1365-7305 J9 AQUACULT ECON MANAG JI Aquac. Econ. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1080/13657305.2012.678556 PG 4 WC Economics; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Fisheries GA 969XW UT WOS:000306093700001 ER PT J AU Park, SK Davidson, K Pan, ML AF Park, Seong Kwae Davidson, Kelly Pan, Minling TI ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AQUACULTURE AND CAPTURE FISHERIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA SO AQUACULTURE ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE farmed finfish; marine aquaculture; market interaction; price; wild capture AB Wild fish species are becoming scarcer and their market prices significantly increasing due to limited natural resources and increasing demand for sea food. In recent years, the Republic of Korea's (South Korea's) marine aquaculture production of finfish has drastically increased while prices have declined. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the economic relationships between wild-caught and farmed fish species, examining the relationship between fish price and supply resulting from the development of marine aquaculture. Major marine aquaculture species, in particular the most favored sashimi species in Korea, are evaluated. These are: flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagrus major), and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). This paper illustrates that the prices for both wild-caught and farmed fish declined as the farmed products entered the market and production expanded. However, the magnitude of price changes varied by species depending on if the farmed species has the same value or substitute value as the wild-caught fish and the development of aquaculture technology. The study shows aquaculture seems to play a role in helping to meet the demand for fish and can reduce the pressure on wild-stock fisheries. C1 [Pan, Minling] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Davidson, Kelly] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Park, Seong Kwae] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Business & Econ, Pusan, South Korea. RP Pan, ML (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1000, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Minling.Pan@NOAA.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1365-7305 J9 AQUACULT ECON MANAG JI Aquac. Econ. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 102 EP 116 DI 10.1080/13657305.2012.678558 PG 15 WC Economics; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Fisheries GA 969XW UT WOS:000306093700002 ER PT J AU Davidson, K Pan, ML Hu, WY Poerwanto, D AF Davidson, Kelly Pan, Minling Hu, Wuyang Poerwanto, Devie TI CONSUMERS' WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR AQUACULTURE FISH PRODUCTS VS. WILD-CAUGHT SEAFOOD - A CASE STUDY IN HAWAII SO AQUACULTURE ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; choice experiment; consumer preference; seafood; willingness to pay ID ECOLABELED SEAFOOD; PERCEPTIONS; PREFERENCES; PURCHASE AB This study aims to investigate Hawaii consumers' willingness to pay for fish product attributes including farmed vs. wild-caught. Hawaii presents an interesting case study as per capita seafood consumption is around three times the national average and 75% of seafood products are imported either from the U.S. mainland or foreign sources. For this study, questionnaires were administered both in-person and online. Conjoint analysis of four different fish species (tuna, salmon, tilapia and moi pacific threadfin), measured consumer willingness to pay for species-specific attributes including both hypothetical and actual attributes available on the market. The results indicate Hawaii consumers are willing to pay more for wild-caught fish than farm raised and mare for fresh than previously frozen fish with the degree of preference varying across species. This research can be used to better target markets and facilitate policy decisions pertaining to the fisheries, aquaculture and seafood industries. C1 [Davidson, Kelly] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. [Pan, Minling] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Hu, Wuyang; Poerwanto, Devie] Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr Econ, Lexington, KY USA. RP Davidson, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 267 Brehm Hall, Martin, TN 38238 USA. EM kdavid13@utm.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 48 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1365-7305 EI 1551-8663 J9 AQUACULT ECON MANAG JI Aquac. Econ. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 136 EP 154 DI 10.1080/13657305.2012.678554 PG 19 WC Economics; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Fisheries GA 969XW UT WOS:000306093700004 ER PT J AU Lowell, PJ O'Neil, GC Underwood, JM Ullom, JN AF Lowell, Peter J. O'Neil, Galen C. Underwood, Jason M. Ullom, Joel N. TI Refrigeration of separate, user-supplied payloads with Normal-Insulator-Superconductor tunnel junctions SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Cooling; Refrigerators; Superconducting junction devices; Superconductive tunneling ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Normal metal-Insulator-Superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions can be used to selectively remove the hottest electrons in the normal metal, thereby causing it to cool. NIS tunnel junctions have already been used to cool lithographically integrated payloads [1], but this requires integration of two disparate fabrication processes. To increase the flexibility of NIS refrigerators, we have designed a stage cooler based on NIS tunnel junctions that will be able to cool arbitrary, user-supplied payloads from 300 mK to 100 mK. This stage cooler can be backed by a helium-3 refrigerator to provide a lightweight and simple means of reaching 100 mK in space applications. In this paper, we describe the design of our stage cooler and present calculations of the cooling power and time required to reach 100 mK. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lowell, Peter J.; O'Neil, Galen C.; Underwood, Jason M.; Ullom, Joel N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lowell, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Peter.Lowell@nist.gov FU NASA FX This work is supported by the NASA APRA program. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD APR-JUN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4-6 SI SI BP 130 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.01.020 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 961UX UT WOS:000305496100002 ER PT J AU Pope, JG Wright, JD Johnson, AN Moldover, MR AF Pope, Jodie G. Wright, John D. Johnson, Aaron N. Moldover, Michael R. TI Extended Lee model for the turbine meter & calibrations with surrogate fluids SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Turbine meter; Calibration; Physical model; Propylene glycol; Kinematic viscosity AB We developed a physical model termed the "extended Lee model" for calibrating turbine meters to account for (1) fluid drag on the rotor, (2) bearing static drag and (3) bearing viscous drag. We tested the extended Lee model using a dual rotor, 2.5 cm diameter turbine meter and accurate flow measurements spanning a 200:1 flow range (50 < Re < 109,000) with liquid mixtures spanning a 42:1 kinematic viscosity range (1.2 x 10(-6) m(2)/s < nu < 50 x 10(-6) m(2)/s). For Re > 3500, the model correlates the volumetric flow data within 0.2%. For Re < 3500, deviations from the model increase, reaching 3.6% at the lowest flows. The same data has a maximum deviation of 17% from the commonly used Strouhal versus Roshko (or Re) correlation. For all the mixtures tested, the static bearing friction dominates the rotor's behavior when Re < 1350 and it results in corrections as large as 51% of the calibration factor. In a second set of experiments, we compared our calibration using Stoddard solvent (a kerosene-like hydrocarbon with nu approximate to 1.2 x 10(-6) m(2)/s at 21 degrees C) with our calibrations using four different mixtures of propylene glycol and water (PG + W). Within the viscosity independent range of this turbine meter (Re >similar to 7700), where the Strouhal versus Roshko correlation works well, the PG + W calibrations had an RMS deviation of 0.056% from the Stoddard solvent calibration; this is well within the long-term reproducibility of the meter. We confirmed this result in the viscosity independent range of a 1.25 cm diameter turbine meter using Stoddard solvent and a 1.2 x 10(-6) m(2)/s nu PG + W mixture; these two calibrations agreed within 0.02%. Therefore, turbine meters can be calibrated with environmentally benign solutions of PG + W and used with more hazardous fluids without an increased uncertainty. The present results also show that using turbine meters at Re below the viscosity independent range of the calibration curve will lead to large errors, unless one accounts for the temperature dependent bearing drag. For example, if the 2.5 cm diameter meter modeled here is calibrated at Re = 500 using Stoddard solvent at 20 degrees C and then used with Stoddard solvent at 30 degrees C, the decrease of the kinematic viscosity will introduce an error of -0.9%, unless the temperature dependence of the bearing drag is considered. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Pope, Jodie G.; Wright, John D.; Johnson, Aaron N.; Moldover, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pope, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jodie.pope@nist.gov; john.wright@nist.gov; aaron.johnson@nist.gov; michael.moldover@nist.gov RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 FU US Department of Defense Physical/Mechanical Calibration Coordination Group FX This work was partially sponsored by the US Department of Defense Physical/Mechanical Calibration Coordination Group. Special thanks to Christopher Crowley for his aid in running the piston prover and to Lee Gorny and Joey Boyd for their aid in generating Fig. 3. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD APR PY 2012 VL 24 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2012.03.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 959JZ UT WOS:000305310000010 ER PT J AU Mielikainen, J Huang, B Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD AF Mielikainen, Jarno Huang, Bormin Huang, Hung-Lung Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI GPU Acceleration of the Updated Goddard Shortwave Radiation Scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA); Graphics Processing Unit (GPU); radiative transfer model; Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model ID ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING INTERFEROMETER AB Next-generation mesoscale numerical weather prediction system, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, is a designed for dual use for forecasting and research. WRF offers multiple physics options that can be combined in any way. One of the physics options is radiance computation. The major source for energy for the earth's climate is solar radiation. Thus, it is imperative to accurately model horizontal and vertical distribution of the heating. Goddard solar radiative transfer model includes the absorption duo to water vapor, O-3, O-2, CO2, clouds and aerosols. The model computes the interactions among the absorption and scattering by clouds, aerosols, molecules and surface. Finally, fluxes are integrated over the entire shortwave spectrum from 0.175 mu m to 10 mu m. In this paper, we develop an efficient graphics processing unit (GPU) based Goddard shortwave radiative scheme. The GPU-based Goddard shortwave scheme was compared to a CPU-based single-threaded counterpart on a computational domain of 422x297 horizontal grid points with 34 vertical levels. Both the original FORTRAN code on CPU and CUDA C code on GPU use double precision floating point values for computation. Processing time for Goddard shortwave radiance on CPU is 22106 ms. GPU accelerated Goddard shortwave radiance on 4 GPUs can be computed in 208.8 ms and 157.1 ms with and without I/O, respectively. Thus, the speedups are 116x with data I/O and 141x without I/O on two NVIDIA GTX 590 s. Using single precision arithmetic and less accurate arithmetic modes the speedups are increased to 536x and 259x, with and without I/O, respectively. C1 [Mielikainen, Jarno; Huang, Bormin; Huang, Hung-Lung Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NEDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX Manuscript received September 30, 2011; revised December 12, 2011; accepted January 24, 2012. Date of publication February 20, 2012; date of current version May 23, 2012. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA10NES4400013. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 555 EP 562 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2186119 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949XW UT WOS:000304612300019 ER PT J AU Mielikainen, J Huang, BM Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD AF Mielikainen, Jarno Huang, Bormin Huang, Hung-Lung Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI GPU Implementation of Stony Brook University 5-Class Cloud Microphysics Scheme in the WRF SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA); Graphics Processing Unit (GPU); Stony Brook University 5-class cloud microphysics scheme; Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model ID ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING INTERFEROMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a next-generation mesoscale numerical weather prediction system. It is designed to serve the needs of both operational forecasting and atmospheric research for a broad spectrum of applications across scales ranging from meters to thousands of kilometers. Microphysics plays an important role in weather and climate prediction. Microphysics includes explicitly resolved water vapor, cloud, and precipitation processes. Several bulk water microphysics schemes are available within the WRF, with different numbers of simulated hydrometeor classes and methods for estimating their size, fall speeds, distributions and densities. Stony Brook University scheme is a 5-class scheme with riming intensity predicted to account for the mixed-phase processes. In this paper, we develop an efficient Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) based Stony Brook University scheme. The GPU-based Stony Brook University scheme was compared to a CPU-based single-threaded counterpart on a computational domain of 422 x 297 horizontal grid points with 34 vertical levels. The original Fortran code was first rewritten into a standard C code. After that, C code was verified against Fortran code and CUDA C extensions were added for data parallel execution on GPUs. On a single GPU, we achieved a speed-up of 213x with data I/O and 896x without I/O on NVIDIA GTX 590x. Using multiple GPUs, a speed-up of 352x is achieved with I/O for 4 GPUs. We will also discuss how data I/O will be less cumbersome if we ran the complete WRF model on GPUs. C1 [Mielikainen, Jarno; Huang, Bormin; Huang, Hung-Lung Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NEDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu FU NOAA [NA10NES4400013] FX This work was supported by NOAA Research Grant NA10NES4400013. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2011.2175707 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949XW UT WOS:000304612300026 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Zhang, J Hondl, K Langston, C AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Zhang, Jian Hondl, Kurt Langston, Carrie TI A Statistical Approach to Mitigating Persistent Clutter in Radar Reflectivity Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Clutter; meteorological radar ID ECHOES; ALGORITHM; REMOVAL AB Although there are several effective signal processing methods for identifying and removing radar echoes due to ground clutter, the need tomitigate persistent clutter in radar moment data still exists if such techniques were not applied during data collection and the time series data are not available. A statistical approach to creating a clutter map from "found data", i.e., data not specifically collected in clear air is described in this paper. Different methods of mitigating ground clutter are then compared using an information theory statistical approach and the best mitigation approach chosen. The technique described in this paper allows for the mitigation of persistent ground clutter returns in archived data where signal processing techniques have not been applied or have been conservatively applied. It is also helpful for correcting mobile radar data where the creation of a clear-air clutter map is impractical. Accordingly, the technique is demonstrated in each of the above situations. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorolog Studies, Norman, OK 73071 USA. [Zhang, Jian; Hondl, Kurt; Langston, Carrie] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73071 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorolog Studies, Norman, OK 73071 USA. EM valliappa.lakshmanan@noaa.gov FU NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NSF [ATM-080217] FX The work of V. Lakshmanan and C. Langston was supported under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227.; The authors would like to thank Don Burgess and Dan Suppes for the NOXP data from May 26, 2010. These data were collected in part with funding provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and by NSF Grant ATM-080217. The technique described in this paper has been implemented as part of the Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information (WDSS-II; [22]) as the program w2createClutterMap. It is available for free download at http://www.wdssii.org/. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 652 EP 662 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2011.2181828 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949XW UT WOS:000304612300029 ER PT J AU Gardner, JS Ehlers, G Diallo, SO AF Gardner, J. S. Ehlers, G. Diallo, S. O. TI Neutron Studies of Tb2Mo2O7 SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; SPIN DYNAMICS; Y2MO2O7; OXIDES AB We have used the new high energy resolution spectrometer (BaSiS), at the Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge, to conclusively prove the existence of a low energy mode at 0.34(1) meV in the spin glass Tb2Mo2O7. This mode is reminiscent of the excitation observed in the ordered phases of both Tb2Ti2O7 and Tb25Sn2O7. The dynamical nature of the transition seen in the magnetization at similar to 25 K suggests that this frustrated magnet shows a dynamic crossover between a high-temperature phase of poorly correlated, quickly relaxing spins to a low-temperature regime with much slower, short ranged spin correlations extending no further than to the next nearest neighbor. Existing theories explain the spin glass transition in terms of a phase transition and order parameters, and assume the existence of a distinct spin glass phase. There is no evidence for such a phase in Tb2Mo2O7. C1 [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ehlers, G.; Diallo, S. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM jsg@nist.gov RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank John Greedan, Ashfia Huq and our other collaborators on these frustrated spin glass compounds for useful discussions. The Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. The NCNR is in part funded by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU PHYSICAL SOC REPUBLIC CHINA PI TAIPEI PA CHINESE JOURNAL PHYSICS PO BOX 23-30, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 0577-9073 J9 CHINESE J PHYS JI Chin. J. Phys. PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 2 SI SI BP 256 EP 261 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 942PZ UT WOS:000304060000011 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Gu, S Bennett, LH Della Torre, E Provenzano, V Zhao, Q AF Jin, Y. Gu, S. Bennett, L. H. Della Torre, E. Provenzano, V. Zhao, Q. TI Self-similarity in (partial derivative M/partial derivative T)(H) curves for magnetocaloric materials with ferro-to-paramagnetic phase transitions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY OCT 30-30, 2011 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID IRON; TEMPERATURE; GD5SI2GE2; BEHAVIOR AB A temperature scaling methodology to obtain a self-similar field dependence (partial derivative M/partial derivative T)(H) curve for metamagnetic material exhibiting first-order ferro-to-paramagnetic transitions is presented. The methodology extends Franco's transformation by (i) performing the scaling methodology on the (partial derivative M/partial derivative T)(H) curve instead of the Delta S-M(T, H) curve and (ii) redefining the arbitrary temperature references, T-r1 and T-r2, used by Franco, by employing the physical constants T-FM and T-PM, which can be determined from the (partial derivative M-2/partial derivative T-2)(H) curves. (partial derivative M/partial derivative T)(H) of the metamagnetic material, Gd5Si2Ge2, exhibiting first-order ferro-to-paramagnetic transition is shown as an example. Applying the new modified Franco's transformation, Gd5Si2Ge2's (partial derivative M/partial derivative T)(H) curves collapse onto a self-similar curve with a low index of dispersion. The collapsed curve is asymmetrical with a negative skewness, which reflects the intrinsic transition differences in the mixed-state region. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3685667] C1 [Jin, Y.; Gu, S.; Bennett, L. H.; Della Torre, E.; Zhao, Q.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Provenzano, V.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM yijin@gwmail.gwu.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0003839] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. F. Johnson, Dr. M. Zou, Dr. M. Yin, Dr. R. Adharapurapu, Mr. D. Beer, and other members of GE Global Research for insightful discussions. In addition, the authors would like to thank G. Kahler and M. Movichi of the Institute for Magnetics Research at the George Washington University for their helpful discussions. This work is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0003839. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 7 AR 07A950 DI 10.1063/1.3685667 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932HX UT WOS:000303282400154 ER PT J AU Cloud, J AF Cloud, John TI Globalizing Polar Science: Reconsidering the International Polar and Geophysical Years. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Cloud, John] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cent Lib, Coast & Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Cloud, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cent Lib, Coast & Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD APR PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 493 EP 495 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 944EV UT WOS:000304183000024 ER PT J AU Elzey, S Tsai, DH Rabb, SA Yu, LL Winchester, MR Hackley, VA AF Elzey, Sherrie Tsai, De-Hao Rabb, Savelas A. Yu, Lee L. Winchester, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Quantification of ligand packing density on gold nanoparticles using ICP-OES SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Functional ligand; Gold nanoparticle; ICP-OES; Packing density; Quantitative analysis ID COLLOIDAL GOLD; ADSORPTION AB In this study, a prototypical thiolated organic ligand, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), was conjugated on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and packing density was measured on an ensemble-averaged basis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The effects of sample preparation, including centrifugation and digestion, as well as AuNP size and concentration, on recovery were investigated. For AuNPs with diameters of 5, 10, 30, 60, and 100 nm, calculated packing density is independent of size, averaging 7.8 nm(-2) and ranging from 6.7 to 9.0 nm(-2), and is comparable to reported values for MPA and similar short-chain ligands on AuNPs. These preliminary data provide fundamental information on the advantages and limitations of ICP-based analyses of conjugated AuNP systems. Moreover, they provide necessary information for the development of more broadly applicable methods for quantifying nanoparticle-ligand conjugates of critical importance to nanomedicine applications. ' C1 [Elzey, Sherrie; Tsai, De-Hao; Rabb, Savelas A.; Yu, Lee L.; Winchester, Michael R.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 55 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2012 VL 403 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-5830-0 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 912YY UT WOS:000301839700008 PM 22349346 ER PT J AU Johnson, TA Diddams, SA AF Johnson, T. A. Diddams, S. A. TI Mid-infrared upconversion spectroscopy based on a Yb:fiber femtosecond laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; IMAGED PHASED-ARRAY; MU-M; COMB SPECTROSCOPY; WAVELENGTH DEMULTIPLEXER; BAND; REGION; EXPLOSIVES; DISPERSION; DATABASE AB We present a system for molecular spectroscopy using a broadband mid-infrared laser with near-infrared detection. Difference frequency generation of a Yb:fiber femtosecond laser produced a mid-infrared (MIR) source tunable from 2100-3700 cm(-1) (2.7-4.7 A mu m) with average power up to 40 mW. The MIR spectrum was upconverted to near-infrared wavelengths for broadband detection using a two-dimensional dispersion imaging technique. Absorption measurements were performed over bandwidths of 240 cm(-1) (7.2 THz) with 0.048 cm(-1) (1.4 GHz) resolution, and absolute frequency scale uncertainty was better than 0.005 cm(-1) (150 MHz). The minimum detectable absorption coefficient per spectral element was determined to be 4.4x10(-7) cm(-1) from measurements in low pressure CH4, leading to a projected detection limit of 2 parts-per-billion of methane in pure nitrogen. In a natural atmospheric sample, the methane detection limit was found to be 30 parts-per-billion. The spectral range, resolution, and frequency accuracy of this system show promise for determination of trace concentrations in gas mixtures containing both narrow and broad overlapping spectral features, and we demonstrate this in measurements of air and solvent samples. C1 [Johnson, T. A.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, TA (reprint author), St Johns Univ, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. EM todd.johnson@csbsju.edu; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU National Research Council; NIST; United States Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate FX We would like to thank D. Richter for loaning the Herriot gas cell, A. Zolot for valuable discussions and assistance with sample preparation, and M. Hirano, Y. Kobayashi and I. Hartl for important contributions to the Yb:fiber frequency comb. L. Nugent-Glandorf, T. Neely, E. Baumann, F. Giorgetta, N. Newbury, and F. Adler provided valuable comments and discussion. T.A.J. acknowledges support from the National Research Council, and this work was funded by NIST and the United States Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD APR PY 2012 VL 107 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00340-011-4748-0 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 933PY UT WOS:000303375700005 ER PT J AU Vaught, J Campbell, LD Betsou, F Garcia, DL Pugh, RS Sexton, KC Skubitz, APN AF Vaught, Jim Campbell, Lori D. Betsou, Fay Garcia, Debra Leiolani Pugh, Rebecca S. Sexton, Katherine C. Skubitz, Amy P. N. TI The ISBER Best Practices: Insight from the Editors of the Third Edition SO BIOPRESERVATION AND BIOBANKING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Betsou, Fay] Integrated Biobank Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Pugh, Rebecca S.] NIST, Marine Environm Specimen Bank, Charleston, SC USA. [Sexton, Katherine C.] Univ Alabama, Tissue Collect & Banking Facil, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Skubitz, Amy P. N.] Univ Minnesota, Tissue Procurement Facil, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Skubitz, Amy P. N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1947-5535 J9 BIOPRESERV BIOBANK JI Biopreserv. Biobank. PD APR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 76 EP 78 DI 10.1089/bio.2012.1024 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Cell Biology; Chemistry; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 935BU UT WOS:000303493000003 PM 24844903 ER PT J AU Fang, M Doviak, RJ Albrecht, BA AF Fang, Ming Doviak, Richard J. Albrecht, Bruce A. TI Analytical Expressions for Doppler Spectra of Scatter from Hydrometeors Observed with a Vertically Directed Radar Beam SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFLECTIVITY; PRECIPITATION; EQUATION; GHZ AB A generalized expression is derived for the correlation function of signals backscattered from hydrometeors observed with a vertically pointed radar beam in which particle size distribution, turbulence, and mean wind are not homogeneous. This study extends the previous work of Fang and Doviak by including the effects of particle size distribution on the measured Doppler spectrum. It shows the measured Doppler spectrum to be the volumetric mean of the weighted convolution of the normalized Doppler spectra associated with turbulence, mean wind, particle oscillation/wobble, and terminal velocity. Without particle oscillation/wobble, mean wind, and turbulence, the Doppler spectrum is the mirror image of the terminal velocity spectrum under the condition that the second-order effect of finite beamwidth can be ignored. This generalized Doppler spectrum reduces further to a previously derived expression if the particle size distribution, or equivalently reflectivity, is uniform. Provided there is a unique relationship between the particle's terminal velocity and its effective diameter, the derived equations can be applied to scatterers consisting of ice particles as well as water droplets. This study derives the analytical expression for the Doppler spectrum of mean wind and also shows that if stationary homogeneous turbulence is the only contributor to spectral broadening, then the average of a large number of radar-measured Doppler spectra will be equal to the velocity probability density function of turbulence independent of the angular, range, reflectivity, and weighting functions. C1 [Fang, Ming; Albrecht, Bruce A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fang, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mfang@rsmas.miami.edu FU NSF [ATM0715235] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant ATM0715235. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 4 BP 500 EP 509 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00005.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 933WQ UT WOS:000303396400004 ER PT J AU Merrelli, A Turner, DD AF Merrelli, Aronne Turner, David D. TI Comparing Information Content of Upwelling Far-Infrared and Midinfrared Radiance Spectra for Clear Atmosphere Profiling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; INTERFEROMETER; RETRIEVAL AB The information content of high-spectral-resolution midinfrared (MIR; 650-2300 cm(-1)) and far-infrared (FIR; 200-685 cm-(1)) upwelling radiance spectra is calculated for clear-sky temperature and water vapor profiles. The wavenumber ranges of the two spectral bands overlap at the central absorption line in the CO2 nu(2) absorption band, and each contains one side of the full absorption band. Each spectral band also includes a water vapor absorption band; the MIR contains the first vibrational-rotational absorption band, while the FIR contains the rotational absorption band. The upwelling spectral radiances are simulated with the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM), and the retrievals and information content analysis are computed using standard optimal estimation techniques. Perturbations in the surface temperature and in the trace gases methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide (CH4, O-3, and N2O) are introduced to represent forward-model errors. Each spectrum is observed by a simulated infrared spectrometer, with a spectral resolution of 0.5 cm(-1), with realistic spectrally varying sensor noise levels. The modeling and analysis framework is applied identically to each spectral range, allowing a quantitative comparison. The results show that for similar sensor noise levels, the FIR shows an advantage in water vapor profile information content and less sensitivity to forward-model errors. With a higher noise level in the FIR, which is a closer match to current FIR detector technology, the FIR information content drops and shows a disadvantage relative to the MIR. C1 [Merrelli, Aronne] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turner, David D.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Merrelli, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM merrelli@wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; NASA as part of the CLARREO [NNX08AP44G]; DOE as part of the ARM [DE-FG02-06ER64167] FX The radiosonde data utilized in this study were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. This work was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AP44G as part of the CLARREO program, and DOE Grant DE-FG02-06ER64167 as part of the ARM program. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 4 BP 510 EP 526 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00113.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 933WQ UT WOS:000303396400005 ER PT J AU Elmore, KL Heinselman, PL Stensrud, DJ AF Elmore, Kimberly L. Heinselman, Pamela L. Stensrud, David J. TI Using WSR-88D Data and Insolation Estimates to Determine Convective Boundary Layer Depth SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLEAR-AIR; RADAR; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS; PROGRAM AB Prior work shows that Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) clear-air reflectivity can be used to determine convective boundary layer (CBL) depth. Based on that work, two simple linear regressions are developed that provide CBL depth. One requires only clear-air radar reflectivity from a single 4.5 degrees elevation scan, whereas the other additionally requires the total, clear-sky insolation at the radar site, derived from the radar location and local time. Because only the most recent radar scan is used, the CBL depth can, in principle, be computed for every scan. The "true'' CBL depth used to develop the models is based on human interpretation of the 915-MHz profiler data. The regressions presented in this work are developed using 17 summer days near Norman, Oklahoma, that have been previously investigated. The resulting equations and algorithms are applied to a testing dataset consisting of 7 days not previously analyzed. Though the regression using insolation estimates performs best, errors from both models are on the order of the expected error of the profiler-estimated CBL depth values. Of the two regressions, the one that uses insolation yields CBL depth estimates with an RMSE of 208 m, while the regression with only clear-air radar reflectivity yields CBL depth estimates with an RMSE of 330 m. C1 [Elmore, Kimberly L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Elmore, Kimberly L.; Heinselman, Pamela L.; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Elmore, KL (reprint author), NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kim.elmore@noaa.gov FU NEXRAD; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; University of Oklahoma Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies FX This work was supported by the NEXRAD Product Improvement Program, by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce and the University of Oklahoma Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the University of Oklahoma. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 4 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00043.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 933WQ UT WOS:000303396400010 ER PT J AU Chen, ZL Bohnet, JG Weiner, JM Thompson, JK AF Chen, Zilong Bohnet, Justin G. Weiner, Joshua M. Thompson, James K. TI A low phase noise microwave source for atomic spin squeezing experiments in Rb-87 SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE PULSES; BROAD-BAND; OSCILLATOR; SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe and characterize a simple, low cost, low phase noise microwave source that operates near 6.800 GHz for agile, coherent manipulation of ensembles of Rb-87. Low phase noise is achieved by directly multiplying a low phase noise 100 MHz crystal to 6.8 GHz using a nonlinear transmission line and filtering the output with custom band-pass filters. The fixed frequency signal is single sideband modulated with a direct digital synthesis frequency source to provide the desired phase, amplitude, and frequency control. Before modulation, the source has a single sideband phase noise near -140 dBc/Hz in the range of 10 kHz-1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency and -130 dBc/Hz after modulation. The resulting source is estimated to contribute added spin-noise variance 16 dB below the quantum projection noise level during quantum nondemolition measurements of the clock transition in an ensemble 7 x 10(5) Rb-87 atoms. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700247] C1 [Chen, Zilong] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, ZL (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU A*STAR Singapore; NSF GRF; NSF PFC; NIST FX We thank Archita Hati and David Howe for providing test equipment and help with the phase noise measurements. Z.C. acknowledges support from A*STAR Singapore. J.G.B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF. This work was supported by the NSF PFC and NIST. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2012 VL 83 IS 4 AR 044701 DI 10.1063/1.3700247 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 934BO UT WOS:000303415300052 ER PT J AU Hester, B Campbell, GK Lopez-Mariscal, C Filgueira, CL Huschka, R Halas, NJ Helmerson, K AF Hester, Brooke Campbell, Gretchen K. Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos Filgueira, Carly Levin Huschka, Ryan Halas, Naomi J. Helmerson, Kristian TI Tunable optical tweezers for wavelength-dependent measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; NANOSHELLS; SEPARATION; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; VISCOSITY; FORCES; TRAPS; MODEL AB Optical trapping forces depend on the difference between the trap wavelength and the extinction resonances of trapped particles. This leads to a wavelength-dependent trapping force, which should allow for the optimization of optical tweezers systems, simply by choosing the best trapping wavelength for a given application. Here we present an optical tweezer system with wavelength tunability, for the study of resonance effects. With this system, the optical trap stiffness is measured for single trapped particles that exhibit either single or multiple extinction resonances. We include discussions of wavelength-dependent effects, such as changes in temperature, and how to measure them. [http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1063/1.4704373] C1 [Hester, Brooke] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Hester, Brooke; Campbell, Gretchen K.; Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos; Helmerson, Kristian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20814 USA. [Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Filgueira, Carly Levin; Huschka, Ryan; Halas, Naomi J.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Halas, Naomi J.] Rice Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Halas, Naomi J.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Halas, Naomi J.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Helmerson, Kristian] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Hester, Brooke] Univ Maryland, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hester, B (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 525 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM hesterbc@appstate.edu RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; Halas, Naomi/D-2935-2011 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; FU Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1220, C-1222]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0469]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0989, N0001408IP20087]; DoD NSSEFF [N00244-09-1-0067]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-11-1-0040]; National Institutes of Health [U01 CA 151886-01, 5R01 CA151962-02] FX C.L.F., R. H., and N.J.H were supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant Nos. C-1220 and C-1222), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0469), the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-10-1-0989), the DoD NSSEFF (Grant No. N00244-09-1-0067), the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (Grant Nos. HDTRA1-11-1-0040), and the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. U01 CA 151886-01 and 5R01 CA151962-02). K. H. was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N0001408IP20087). The authors thank Dr. Wolfgang Losert for fruitful discussions. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2012 VL 83 IS 4 AR 043114 DI 10.1063/1.4704373 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 934BO UT WOS:000303415300015 PM 22559522 ER PT J AU Mao, JY Chen, LM Hudson, LT Seely, JF Zhang, L Sun, YQ Lin, XX Zhang, J AF Mao, J. Y. Chen, L. M. Hudson, L. T. Seely, J. F. Zhang, L. Sun, Y. Q. Lin, X. X. Zhang, J. TI Application of a transmission crystal x-ray spectrometer to moderate-intensity laser driven sources SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID K-ALPHA; SOLID INTERACTIONS; EMISSION; TARGET; PULSE; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; DETECTORS; PLASMAS; PLATE AB In the pursuit of novel, laser-produced x-ray sources for medical imaging applications, appropriate instrumental diagnostics need to be developed concurrently. A type of transmission crystal spectroscopy has previously been demonstrated as a survey tool for sources produced by high-power and high-energy lasers. The present work demonstrates the extension of this method into the study of medium-intensity laser driven hard x-ray sources with a design that preserves resolving power while maintaining high sensitivity. Specifically, spectroscopic measurements of characteristic K alpha and K beta emissions were studied from Mo targets irradiated by a 100 fs, 200 mJ, Ti: sapphire laser with intensity of 10(17) W/cm(2) to 10(18) W/cm(2) per shot. Using a transmission curved crystal spectrometer and off-Rowland circle imaging, resolving powers (E/Delta E) of around 300 for Mo K alpha(2) at 17.37 keV were obtained with an end-to-end spectrometer efficiency of (1.13 +/- 0.10) x 10 (5). This sensitivity is sufficient for registering x-ray lines with high signal to background from targets following irradiation by a single laser pulse, demonstrating the utility of this method in the study of the development of medium-intensity laser driven x-ray sources. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700212] C1 [Mao, J. Y.; Chen, L. M.; Zhang, L.; Sun, Y. Q.; Lin, X. X.; Zhang, J.] CAS, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seely, J. F.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhang, J.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Chen, LM (reprint author), CAS, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM lmchen@aphy.iphy.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [60878014, 10974249, 10735050, 10925421, 10734130, 10935002]; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to Dr. X. F. Zhang for numerical suggestions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 60878014, 10974249, 10735050, 10925421, 10734130, and 10935002). Professor J. Seely was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2012 VL 83 IS 4 AR 043104 DI 10.1063/1.3700212 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 934BO UT WOS:000303415300005 PM 22559512 ER PT J AU Sheng, D Zhang, J Orozco, LA AF Sheng, D. Zhang, J. Orozco, L. A. TI Sensitivity test of a blue-detuned dipole trap designed for parity non-conservation measurements in Fr SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; OPTICAL TRAP; MOMENT; CESIUM AB A dynamic blue-detuned optical dipole trap with stable Rb-87 atoms produces a differential ac Stark shift of 18 Hz in the ground state hyperfine transition, and it preserves the ground state hyperfine superpositions for a long coherence time of 180 ms. The trapped atoms undergoing microwave Rabi oscillations are sensitive to a small signal, artificially generated with a second microwave source, phase locked to the first allowing a simple and effective method for determining signal-to-noise ratio limits through interference techniques. This provides an excellent means of calibrating sensitivity in experiments such as our ongoing Fr parity non-conservation measurement. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3701714] C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sheng, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI Sheng, Dong/J-6640-2014 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank Z. Kim and J. V. Porto for helpful discussions, and E. Gomez and J. A. Groover for comments on the article. This work is supported by National Science Foundation and U.S. Department of Energy. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2012 VL 83 IS 4 AR 043106 DI 10.1063/1.3701714 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 934BO UT WOS:000303415300007 PM 22559514 ER PT J AU Hanke, C Dittrich, PS Reyes, DR AF Hanke, Conni Dittrich, Petra S. Reyes, Darwin R. TI Dielectrophoretic Cell Capture on Polyester Membranes SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE permeable polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) membrane; metallization; gold microelectrodes; dielectrophoresis; polyelectrolyte multilayer; cell capture; microfluidics ID SEPARATION; MICROFLUIDICS; ARRAYS; FORCE; SIZE; FLOW; DNA AB A new system for dielectrophoretic cell capture on permeable polyester membranes is presented. Conventional photolithographic techniques were used to fabricate gold microelectrodes on a polyester membrane. The characterization of the microelectrodes showed that there were no differences regarding roughness, permeability, and hydrophilicity of the membrane before and after processing. Finally, dielectrophoretic cell capture and viability in a microfluidic device was demonstrated on the patterned membrane. These membranes could ultimately be combined with multilayer microfluidic devices to form a powerful tool for studies of cell-cell interactions in coculture, whereby spatial separation of different cell types and/or microenvironments are required. C1 [Hanke, Conni; Reyes, Darwin R.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanke, Conni; Dittrich, Petra S.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Appl Biosci, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov RI Dittrich, Petra/C-6717-2008 OI Dittrich, Petra/0000-0001-5359-8403 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [PBEZP2_137331]; NIST FX C.H. acknowledges the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) for financial support under the Doctoral Fellowship # PBEZP2_137331. This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Cellular Biometrology Research Program. This research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. We also thank J.-J. Alm and J. J. Kopanski for their support with AFM imaging. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1878 EP 1882 DI 10.1021/am300270k PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 930LC UT WOS:000303139900005 PM 22462623 ER PT J AU Scholz, NL Fleishman, E Brown, L Werner, I Johnson, ML Brooks, ML Mitchelmore, CL Schlenk, D AF Scholz, Nathaniel L. Fleishman, Erica Brown, Larry Werner, Inge Johnson, Michael L. Brooks, Marjorie L. Mitchelmore, Carys L. Schlenk, Daniel TI A Perspective on Modern Pesticides, Pelagic Fish Declines, and Unknown Ecological Resilience in Highly Managed Ecosystems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endangered species; toxic runoff aquatic habitat; ecosystem; delta smelt ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; CONSERVATION; SALMON; CALIFORNIA; TOXICOLOGY; RESPONSES; MIXTURES; TOXICITY; CLIMATE; SYSTEMS AB Pesticides applied on land are commonly transported by runoff or spray drift to aquatic ecosystems, where they are potentially toxic to fishes and other nontarget organisms. Pesticides add to and interact with other stressors of ecosystem processes, including surface-water diversions, losses of spawning and rearing habitats, nonnative species, and harmful algal blooms. Assessing the cumulative effects of pesticides on species or ecological functions has been difficult for historical, legal, conceptual, and practical reasons. To explore these challenges, we examine current-use (modern) pesticides and their potential connections to the abundances of fishes in the San Francisco Estuary (California). Declines in delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and other species have triggered mandatory and expensive management actions in the urbanizing estuary and agriculturally productive Central Valley. Our inferences are transferable to other situations in which toxics may drive changes in ecological status and trends. C1 [Scholz, Nathaniel L.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brown, Larry] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Werner, Inge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brooks, Marjorie L.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Mitchelmore, Carys L.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Schlenk, Daniel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI Mitchelmore, Carys/E-5278-2012; Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013; Brooks, Marjorie/M-5692-2014 OI Mitchelmore, Carys/0000-0003-1373-4479; Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; FU University of California, Santa Barbara [113325G004]; US Fish and Wildlife Service [113325G004]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We appreciate the helpful comments of Kate Macneale, David Baldwin, Jana Labenia, Chris Mebane, Mark Munn, and Lisa Nowell on draft versions of the manusctipt. This work was supported by cooperative agreement to. 113325G004 between the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The work was conducted as part of a working group convened in part at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in cooperation with the Interagency Ecological Program. Support was also provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Storms Program. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 61 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.13 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 927RK UT WOS:000302927600013 ER PT J AU McBride, RS Snodgrass, DJG Adams, DH Rider, SJ Colvocoresses, JA AF McBride, Richard S. Snodgrass, Derke J. G. Adams, Douglas H. Rider, Steven J. Colvocoresses, James A. TI AN INDETERMINATE MODEL TO ESTIMATE EGG PRODUCTION OF THE HIGHLY ITEROPAROUS AND FECUND FISH, DOLPHINFISH (CORYPHAENA HIPPLIRLIS) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; NORTH-CAROLINA; HIPPURUS; MATURITY; GROWTH; COAST; GULF; AGE; TEMPERATURE AB Dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758, reproductive biology is well known, but this study, which examined gonad histology, substantially increases estimates of dolphinfish spawning fraction and annual egg production. Ovaries were collected from 621 females in three Florida regions: the Keys, Cape Canaveral, and the Panhandle. Maturation and spawning were evident in all three regions. Median size at maturity, 419 mm fork length (FL; 16.5 in, similar to 3 mo), was not regionally specific around Florida. Recruitment of primary oocytes to vitellogenesis occurred asynchronously throughout the spawning season, and mature oocytes developed group-synchronously as batches. Thus, an indeterminate method was required to estimate egg production. Once mature, females spawned 70-180 d yr(-1). Some females spawned in all months of the year, but spawning fraction was highest in winter and spring. Batch fecundity (BF) ranged from 20,000 to 620,000 eggs and was significantly related to FL: BF = 0.000005 x FL3.62. An egg production model estimated a range from 15 to 174 million eggs yr-', two orders of magnitude higher than the previous estimate (0.24-3.0 million eggs yr(-1)) in the Florida Straits. This new, higher estimate arises because our large sample size of gonad histology permitted estimation of spawning fraction throughout the year. Spawning early and often should make C. hippurus resilient to overfishing, but other data gaps-particularly regarding bycatch mortality-confound our ability to evaluate the effectiveness of size regulations in the fishery. C1 [McBride, Richard S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Snodgrass, Derke J. G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Adams, Douglas H.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss FWC, Florida Fish & Wildlife Inst FWRI, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Rider, Steven J.] Alabama Div Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, Fisheries Sect, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. [Colvocoresses, James A.] FWRI, FWC, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP McBride, RS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM richard.mcbride@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU Department of Interior, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid for Sport Fish Restoration [F-59] FX We thank the anglers, tournament organizers, and biologists who aided in our sampling efforts. Special mention to P Barbera, M Larkin, Captain L Robinson, and P Thurman. Laboratory assistance was provided by Y Press, J Tamborski, P Thurman, and S Yarborough. A Thorsen shared a computer program for measuring oocyte diameters. Helpful reviews of this research were provided by AB Collins, WD McElroy, and JF Walter. Support was provided, in part, by the Department of Interior, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid for Sport Fish Restoration, Grant Number F-59. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 88 IS 2 BP 283 EP 303 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1096 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 932JJ UT WOS:000303287100007 ER PT J AU Asher, J Maragos, J Kenyon, J Vargas-Angel, B Coccagna, E AF Asher, Jacob Maragos, James Kenyon, Jean Vargas-Angel, Bernardo Coccagna, Edmund TI RANGE EXTENSIONS FOR SEVERAL SPECIES OF ACROPORA IN THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO AND THE PAPAHANAUMOKUAKEA MARINE NATIONAL MONUMENT SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID JOHNSTON ATOLL; ISLANDS C1 [Asher, Jacob; Vargas-Angel, Bernardo; Coccagna, Edmund] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, NOAA Fisheries, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Kenyon, Jean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Maragos, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Asher, J (reprint author), Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, NOAA Fisheries, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Jacob.Asher@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 88 IS 2 BP 337 EP 338 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1079 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 932JJ UT WOS:000303287100012 ER PT J AU Taylor, KE Stouffer, RJ Meehl, GA AF Taylor, Karl E. Stouffer, Ronald J. Meehl, Gerald A. TI AN OVERVIEW OF CMIP5 AND THE EXPERIMENT DESIGN SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; CLIMATE-CHANGE RESEARCH C1 [Taylor, Karl E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Taylor, KE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM taylor13@llnl.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science; U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX There are many individuals who have contributed in substantive ways to the CMIP5 experiment design. Pierre Friedlingstein, Olivier Boucher, Mark Webb, Jonathan Gregory, and Myles Allen have made particularly important suggestions and comments that have substantially altered and improved the design of the suite of long-term experiments. Additional helpful suggestions have been provided by Sandrine Bony, Pascale Braconnot, Peter Cox, Veronika Eyring, Greg Flato, Nathan Gillett, Marco Giorgetta, Bala Govindasamy, Wilco Hazeleger, Gabi Hegerl, Chris Jones, Gareth Jones, Masihide Kimoto, Ben Kirtman, Corinne LeQuere, David Lobell, Jason Lowe, Mike MacCracken, John Mitchell, James Murphy, Tim Palmer, Ben Santer, Cath Senior, Detlef Stammer, Bjorn Stevens, Tim Stockdale, Daithi Stone, Peter Stott, and Keith Williams. We likely have omitted here several other contributors to CMIP5, and to them we apologize. Work by K. E. Taylor is supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 23 TC 3095 Z9 3204 U1 60 U2 535 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 485 EP 498 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930BO UT WOS:000303110900004 ER PT J AU Bailey, H Benson, SR Shillinger, GL Bograd, SJ Dutton, PH Eckert, SA Morreale, SJ Paladino, FV Eguchi, T Foley, DG Block, BA Piedra, R Hitipeuw, C Tapilatu, RF Spotila, JR AF Bailey, Helen Benson, Scott R. Shillinger, George L. Bograd, Steven J. Dutton, Peter H. Eckert, Scott A. Morreale, Stephen J. Paladino, Frank V. Eguchi, Tomoharu Foley, David G. Block, Barbara A. Piedra, Rotney Hitipeuw, Creusa Tapilatu, Ricardo F. Spotila, James R. TI Identification of distinct movement patterns in Pacific leatherback turtle populations influenced by ocean conditions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE animal movement; Dermochelys coriacea; oceanography; Pacific Ocean; satellite telemetry; state-space model ID POST-NESTING MIGRATIONS; AREA-RESTRICTED SEARCH; STATE-SPACE MODELS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; CARETTA-CARETTA; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; BYCATCH; SCALE AB Interactions with fisheries are believed to be a major cause of mortality for adult leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), which is of particular concern in the Pacific Ocean, where they have been rapidly declining. In order to identify where these interactions are occurring and how they may be reduced, it is essential first to understand the movements and behavior of leatherback turtles. There are two regional nesting populations in the East Pacific (EP) and West Pacific (WP), comprising multiple nesting sites. We synthesized tracking data from the two populations and compared their movement patterns. A switching state-space model was applied to 135 Argos satellite tracks to account for observation error, and to distinguish between migratory and area-restricted search behaviors. The tracking data, from the largest leatherback data set ever assembled, indicated that there was a high degree of spatial segregation between EP and WP leatherbacks. Area-restricted search behavior mainly occurred in the southeast Pacific for the EP leatherbacks, whereas the WP leatherbacks had several different search areas in the California Current, central North Pacific, South China Sea, off eastern Indonesia, and off southeastern Australia. We also extracted remotely sensed oceanographic data and applied a generalized linear mixed model to determine if leatherbacks exhibited different behavior in relation to environmental variables. For the WP population, the probability of area-restricted search behavior was positively correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration. This response was less strong in the EP population, but these turtles had a higher probability of search behavior where there was greater Ekman upwelling, which may increase the transport of nutrients and consequently prey availability. These divergent responses to oceanographic conditions have implications for leatherback vulnerability to fisheries interactions and to the effects of climate change. The occurrence of leatherback turtles within both coastal and pelagic areas means they have a high risk of exposure to many different fisheries, which may be very distant from their nesting sites. The EP leatherbacks have more limited foraging grounds than the WP leatherbacks, which could make them more susceptible to any temperature or prey changes that occur in response to climate change. C1 [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Bailey, Helen; Bograd, Steven J.; Foley, David G.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Benson, Scott R.; Dutton, Peter H.; Eguchi, Tomoharu] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Shillinger, George L.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Eckert, Scott A.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservat Network, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Morreale, Stephen J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Foley, David G.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 98622 USA. [Piedra, Rotney] Minist Ambiente Energia & Telecomunicac, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Hitipeuw, Creusa] World Wildlife Fund Nat Indonesia, Mega Kuningan Jakarta, Indonesia. [Tapilatu, Ricardo F.] State Univ Papua UNIPA, Marine Lab, Manokwari 98314, Papua Barat Pro, Indonesia. [Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bailey, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM hbailey@umces.edu RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Tapilatu, Ricardo/0000-0001-5216-104X FU Lenfest Ocean Program; National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Southwest Region, and Office of Protected Resources); Census of Marine Life; CNES, France; NASA; Goldring Marine Biology Station; PNMB FX This analysis was sponsored by the Lenfest Ocean Program. Financial support and personnel were provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Southwest Region, and Office of Protected Resources). Support was also provided by the Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life. The authors thank the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)-Indonesia, Nature Conservation Agency of Forestry Ministry, Indonesia (BBKSDA Papua Barat), the State University of Papua (UNIPA) and students from the Marine Science Department, the Cinco Hermanos Fund, the Leatherback Trust, Earthwatch Institute, and the communities of Wau, Saubeba, and Warmandi in Papua Barat, Indonesia, with special thanks to Betuel P. Samber (BBKSDA Papua Barat) for assistance with this project. Pathfinder SST data were provided courtesy of NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from CNES, France. The authors thank the Ocean Biology Processing Group at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for the production and distribution of the SeaWiFS ocean color data. These activities are sponsored by NASA's Mission to Planet Earth Program. The Smith and Sandwell digital bathymetry was obtained from the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. We thank P. Santidrian Tomillo for her assistance and E. Standora. Leatherback research at eastern North Pacific foraging areas was conducted under NMFS Scientific Research Permit 1227 and 1596. Aerial surveys were conducted under National Marine Sanctuary permit numbers MULTI-2002-003 and MULTI-2008-003. The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), the Mexican Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT), and the Costa Rican Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment provided research permits for work at the nesting beaches. We also thank G. Goldring, the Goldring Marine Biology Station, and the staff and volunteers at PNMB for support at Playa Grande. We thank Aspen Helicopters Inc., the aerial observers, in particular Erin LaCasella, Karin Forney, and Katherine Whitaker, the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine Operations Department, and Captain John Douglas and Scott Hansen, for assistance with in-water capture work off California. This is contribution number 4570 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 90 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 735 EP 747 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932SY UT WOS:000303312000001 PM 22645807 ER PT J AU Abbott, JK Haynie, AC AF Abbott, Joshua K. Haynie, Alan C. TI What are we protecting? Fisher behavior and the unintended consequences of spatial closures as a fishery management tool SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bycatch; ecosystem-based management; fisher behavior; implementation error; marine protected areas; multispecies management; spatial closures ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD METHODS; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; MARINE RESERVES; SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES; KING CRAB; MODELS; ADJACENT; QUOTAS; ASSOCIATION; UNCERTAINTY AB Spatial closures like marine protected areas (MPAs) are prominent tools for ecosystem-based management in fisheries. However, the adaptive behavior of fishermen, the apex predator in the ecosystem, to MPAs may upset the balance of fishing impacts across species. While ecosystem-based management (EBM) emphasizes the protection of all species in the environment, the weakest stock often dominates management attention. We use data before and after the implementation of large spatial closures in a North Pacific trawl fishery to show how closures designed for red king crab protection spurred dramatic increases in Pacific halibut bycatch due to both direct displacement effects and indirect effects from adaptations in fishermen's targeting behavior. We identify aspects of the ecological and economic context of the fishery that contributed to these surprising behaviors, noting that many multispecies fisheries are likely to share these features. Our results highlight the need either to anticipate the behavioral adaptations of fishermen across multiple species in reserve design, a form of implementation error, or to design management systems that are robust to these adaptations. Failure to do so may yield patterns of fishing effort and mortality that undermine the broader objectives of multispecies management and potentially alter ecosystems in profound ways. C1 [Abbott, Joshua K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Abbott, Joshua K.] Arizona State Univ, EcoSERV Grp, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Haynie, Alan C.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Abbott, JK (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Global Inst Sustainabil, POB 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Joshua.K.Abbott@asu.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. We thank Tim Essington, Jim Wilen, Eli Fenichel, Kerry Smith, Charles Perrings, Stephen Kasperski, Ron Felthoven, and Ben Fissel for their useful remarks on earlier drafts of this paper. Thanks to Terry Hiatt for assistance with data organization and to Stan Kotwicki for help with halibut bottom trawl survey data. J. K. Abbott acknowledges funding from National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 762 EP 777 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932SY UT WOS:000303312000003 PM 22645809 ER PT J AU Buhle, ER Feist, BE Hilborn, R AF Buhle, Eric R. Feist, Blake E. Hilborn, Ray TI Population dynamics and control of invasive Spartina alterniflora: inference and forecasting under uncertainty SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; Bayesian decision analysis; climate effects; deviance information criterion (DIC); invasion control; smooth cordgrass; Spartina alterniflora; threshold ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SMOOTH CORDGRASS; QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CONTROL STRATEGIES; MODEL SELECTION; PACIFIC ESTUARY; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Managing invaded ecosystems entails making decisions about control strategies in the face of scientific uncertainty and ecological stochasticity. Statistical tools such as model selection and Bayesian decision analysis can guide decision-making by estimating probabilities of outcomes under alternative management scenarios, but these tools have seldom been applied in invasion ecology. We illustrate the use of model selection and Bayesian methods in a case study of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) invading Willapa Bay, Washington. To address uncertainty in model structure, we quantified the weight of evidence for two previously proposed hypotheses, that S. alterniflora recruitment varies with climatic conditions (represented by sea surface temperature) and that recruitment is subject to an Allee effect due to pollen limitation. By fitting models to time series data, we found strong support for climate effects, with higher per capita seedling production in warmer years, but no evidence for an Allee effect based on either the total area invaded or the mean distance between neighboring clones. We used the best-supported model to compare alternative control strategies, incorporating uncertainty in parameter estimates and population dynamics. For a fixed annual removal effort, the probability of eradication in 10 years was highest, and final invaded area lowest, if removals targeted the smallest clones rather than the largest or randomly selected clones. The relationship between removal effort and probability of eradication was highly nonlinear, with a sharp threshold separating similar to 0% and similar to 100% probability of success, and this threshold was 95% lower in simulations beginning early rather than late in the invasion. This advantage of a rapid response strategy is due to density-dependent population growth, which produces alternative stable equilibria depending on the initial invasion size when control begins. Our approach could be applied to a wide range of invasive species management problems where appropriate data are available. C1 [Buhle, Eric R.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buhle, Eric R.; Feist, Blake E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Buhle, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.buhle@noaa.gov OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU NSF; ARCS Foundation FX Thanks to Brice Semmens, Wendy Palen, Mark Scheuerell, Kirstin Holsman, Jennifer Ruesink, Bob Paine, Daniel Schindler, and two anonymous reviewers for ideas and comments on the analysis and manuscript. This work was supported in part by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and an ARCS Foundation award to E. R. Buhle. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA or its agencies. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 880 EP 893 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932SY UT WOS:000303312000012 PM 22645818 ER PT J AU Windom, BC Bruno, TJ AF Windom, Bret C. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Pressure-Controlled Advanced Distillation Curve Analysis of Biodiesel Fuels: Assessment of Thermal Decomposition SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; DIESEL FUEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; OXYGENATE ADDITIVES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; JET-A; IMPROVEMENTS; GASOLINE; RP-1; OIL AB One of the most important properties measured for liquid fuels is the volatility, usually as expressed by the distillation curve. In previous work, we introduced the composition-explicit or advanced distillation curve (ADC) metrology, which we have applied to a wide variety of liquid fuels, including biodiesel fuels. Application of this method to typical biodiesel fuels requires the addition of an inert gas purge in the apparatus to achieve acceptable repeatability. Despite this precaution, there is clear evidence of thermal decomposition or polymerization at high distillation temperatures. To address this, a low-pressure version of the ADC was introduced. In this brief paper, we apply the low-pressure ADC to a commercial soy-based biodiesel fuel and discuss the volatility differences compared to measurements at atmospheric pressure. We show that, by reducing the overall boiling temperatures, the reduced-pressure distillation measurement avoided thermally induced decomposition and polymerization that can occur late in the distillation curve measurement. Analysis by gas chromatography (with flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry) confirmed the sample decomposition at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, this analytical approach provided additional insight into the decomposition process and the resulting products at lower pressures. C1 [Windom, Bret C.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 2407 EP 2415 DI 10.1021/ef3000642 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 927QG UT WOS:000302924400048 ER PT J AU Mirin, RP Nam, SW Itzler, MA AF Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. Itzler, M. A. TI Single-Photon and Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors SO IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Single photon detectors; photon number resolving detectors; single photon avalanche diodes; superconducting single photon detectors; quantum optics ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; RESOLUTION AB Several important advances were reported in single-photon detectors and photon-number-resolving detectors in 2011. New materials with smaller superconducting gaps were demonstrated for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) that led to improved signal-to-noise ratios and infrared performance. Faster superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs) were demonstrated by using normal metal heat sinks. Both TESs and SNSPDs were evanescently coupled with waveguides as a step toward demonstrating quantum photonic integrated circuits. Photon-number resolution has been the goal in several demonstrations using semiconductor detectors, and recent results suggest a potential convergence of Geiger-mode and linear-mode avalanche diodes in exhibiting the high-gain, low-noise analog behavior necessary to reach this goal. There has also been progress focused on additional trends in single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) for high-rate counting and detector array scaling. C1 [Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Itzler, M. A.] Princeton Lightwave, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. RP Mirin, RP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mirin@boulder.nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1943-0655 J9 IEEE PHOTONICS J JI IEEE Photonics J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 629 EP 632 DI 10.1109/JPHOT.2012.2190394 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 932WS UT WOS:000303321800015 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Shah, HA Pirkl, RJ Young, WF Hill, DA Ladbury, J AF Holloway, Christopher L. Shah, Haider A. Pirkl, Ryan J. Young, William F. Hill, David A. Ladbury, John TI Reverberation Chamber Techniques for Determining the Radiation and Total Efficiency of Antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antenna measurements; antenna radiation efficiency; reverberation chambers; total efficiency; uncertainties AB Reverberation chambers are becoming a popular alternative testing facility for a wide range of electromagnetic applications. Because of the statistical environment created inside a reverberation chamber, they offer a unique test facility. In particular, these chambers are ideally suited for performing radiated power measurements of either an antenna or device under test, and as such, it is possible to determine the efficiency of antennas. There have been several reverberation chamber techniques proposed over the years for measuring the antenna efficiency; however, these techniques require either the use of a reference antenna (i.e., an antenna with a known efficiency) and/or require the assumption that the two antennas used in the test have identical efficiencies. In this paper, we present three different approaches for determining both the radiation and total efficiencies of an unknown antenna that overcome these limitations and assumptions. We present a one-antenna approach, a two-antenna approach, and a three-antenna approach. We present measured data for three different antennas in order to compare these three approaches. We also discuss the uncertainties related to these types of measurements. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Shah, Haider A.; Pirkl, Ryan J.; Young, William F.; Hill, David A.; Ladbury, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov OI Pirkl, Ryan/0000-0001-8803-3154 NR 24 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1758 EP 1770 DI 10.1109/TAP.2012.2186263 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 924ZT UT WOS:000302730500011 ER PT J AU Bird, CE Timmers, MA Smouse, PE Toonen, RJ AF Bird, Christopher E. Timmers, Molly A. Smouse, Peter E. Toonen, Robert J. TI Haplotypes, genetic distance and the inference of dispersal patterns using analysis of molecular variance SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA Honolulu, Honolulu, HI USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM cbird@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E14 EP E14 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165000056 ER PT J AU Burnett, K Wise, R Petty, A Fire, S Haynes, B Wang, Z Hardy, K Burnett, L AF Burnett, K. Wise, R. Petty, A. Fire, S. Haynes, B. Wang, Z. Hardy, K. Burnett, L. TI Impacts of Hypoxia and Domoic Acid on Large Muscle Activity in the Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 [Burnett, K.; Wise, R.; Petty, A.; Fire, S.; Haynes, B.; Wang, Z.; Hardy, K.; Burnett, L.] Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Charleston, Biotoxins Program, NOAA,NOS, Charleston, SC USA. EM burnettk@cofc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E22 EP E22 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165000086 ER PT J AU Turingan, RG Wittenrich, ML Beck, JB Samarco, TJ AF Turingan, R. G. Wittenrich, M. L. Beck, J. B. Samarco, T. J. TI Determinants of feeding performance in marine-fish larvae SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 NOAA, St Petersburg, FL USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL USA. EM turingan@fit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E178 EP E178 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165001179 ER PT J AU Wethey, DS Woodin, SA Hilbish, TJ Lima, FP Jones, SJ AF Wethey, D. S. Woodin, S. A. Hilbish, T. J. Lima, F. P. Jones, S. J. TI Extreme events and biogeography of range boundaries in the European intertidal SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Porto, CIBIO, Oporto, Portugal. NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM wethey@biol.sc.edu RI Lima, Fernando/C-1398-2008 OI Lima, Fernando/0000-0001-9575-9834 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 52 SU 1 BP E190 EP E190 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930TV UT WOS:000303165001227 ER PT J AU Simonis, AE Baumann-Pickering, S Oleson, E Melcon, ML Gassmann, M Wiggins, SM Hildebrand, JA AF Simonis, Anne E. Baumann-Pickering, Simone Oleson, Erin Melcon, Mariana L. Gassmann, Martin Wiggins, Sean M. Hildebrand, John A. TI High-frequency modulated signals of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; WHISTLES AB Killer whales in the North Pacific, similar to Atlantic populations, produce high-frequency modulated signals, based on acoustic recordings from ship-based hydrophone arrays and autonomous recorders at multiple locations. The median peak frequency of these signals ranged from 19.6-36.1 kHz and median duration ranged from 50-163 ms. Source levels were 185-193 dB peak-to-peak re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m. These uniform, repetitive, down-swept signals are similar to bat echolocation signals and possibly could have echolocation functionality. A large geographic range of occurrence suggests that different killer whale ecotypes may utilize these signals. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Simonis, Anne E.; Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Oleson, Erin; Melcon, Mariana L.; Gassmann, Martin; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oleson, Erin] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Simonis, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM asimonis@ucsd.edu; sbaumann@ucsd.edu; erin.oleson@noaa.gov; marumelcon@gmail.com; mgassmann@ucsd.edu; swiggins@ucsd.edu; jhildebrand@ucsd.edu FU Office of Naval Research, Frank Stone at the Chief of Naval [N45]; Bob Haskell at the Pacific Life Foundation; Mark Spaulding at the Ocean Foundation FX We thank Michael Weise at the Office of Naval Research, Frank Stone at the Chief of Naval Operations N45, Bob Haskell at the Pacific Life Foundation, and Mark Spaulding at the Ocean Foundation for providing funding. We also thank H. Bassett, J. Burtenshaw, G. Cardenas, G. Campbell, T. Christianson, C. Garsha, B. Hurley, J. Hurwitz, J. Jones, L. Munger, E. Roth, A. Sirovic, B. Thayre, and Jorge Urban for fieldwork, gear, and analysis assistance. Special thanks to E. Bowlby and Mary Sue Brancato of the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and A. Douglas of Cascadia Research for field assistance and identification of killer whale ecotype during the Washington survey. The comments of two anonymous reviewers were helpful. Instrument deployment in the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary was conducted under National Marine Sanctuary Permit OCNMS-2006-003. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 29 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2012 VL 131 IS 4 BP EL295 EP EL301 DI 10.1121/1.3690963 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 926TN UT WOS:000302854800003 PM 22502484 ER PT J AU Bair, S Laesecke, A AF Bair, Scott Laesecke, Arno TI Normalized Ashurst-Hoover Scaling and a Comprehensive Viscosity Correlation for Compressed Liquids SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE elastohydrodynamic lubrication; thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication; viscosity; rheology; lubricants ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; FLUID; EHL AB The recent move toward physics-based elastohydrodynamics promises to yield advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of friction and film generation that were not possible a few years ago. However, the accurate correlation of the low-shear viscosity with temperature and pressure is an essential requirement. The Ashurst-Hoover thermodynamic scaling, which has been useful for thermal elastohydrodynamic simulation, is normalized here in a manner that maps the viscosity of three widely different liquids onto a master Stickel curve. The master curve can be represented by a combination of two exponential power law terms. These may be seen as expressions of different molecular interaction mechanisms similar to the two free-volume models of Batschinski-Hildebrand and Doolittle, respectively. The new correlation promises to yield more reasonable extrapolations to extreme conditions of temperature and pressure than free-volume models, and it removes the singularity that has prevented wide acceptance of free-volume models in numerical simulations. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4005374] C1 [Bair, Scott] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Laesecke, Arno] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bair, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM scott.bair@me.gatech.edu; Arno.Laesecke@Boulder.NIST.Gov FU Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power, a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center [EEC-0540834] FX Bair was supported by the Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power, a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center funded under cooperative agreement No. EEC-0540834. The authors thank Riccardo Casalini for sharing the relaxation times of PC. Arno Laesecke acknowledges useful discussions with Andrei Kazakov (NIST Thermodynamics Research Center). NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2012 VL 134 IS 2 AR 021801 DI 10.1115/1.4005374 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 932AT UT WOS:000303262100012 ER PT J AU Rone, BK Pace, RM AF Rone, Brenda K. Pace, Richard M., III TI A simple photograph-based approach for discriminating between free-ranging long-finned (Globicephala melas) and short-finned (G. macrorhynchus) pilot whales off the east coast of the United States SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pilot whale; NMFS Stock Assessment Report; morphometrics; pigmentation; mixed-effect model; logistic regression ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; KILLER WHALES; PIGMENTATION; PATTERNS; CANADA AB Line transect based abundance estimation is complicated for long-finned (LFPW, Globicephala melas) and short-finned (SFPW, G. macrorhynchus) pilot whales because of their similarity in appearance and their overlapping summertime range in some areas. We developed a photograph-based approach to distinguish between species of free-ranging pilot whales in the northwest Atlantic. We collected skin samples and photographs during the summers of 20042007 and used skin samples to distinguish species based on mitochondrial DNA. Relative morphometric measurements from photographs were examined using mixed-effect models and logistic regression. The best model among 94 candidate models had an overall classification error rate of 2.5%. We tested the presence/absence of pigmentation in four regions of the dorsal body (melon, eye, cape, and saddle) for differences. Pigmentation was present in all four regions in 100% of the SFPWs sampled. Melon patch, blaze, and saddle patch pigmentation were present in 6%, 68%, and 50%, respectively, of the LFPWs, but the cape was completely absent. Both types of analyses provided positive species discrimination of free-ranging animals. We created a cost-effective, simple tool which could ultimately assist in providing appropriate management, mitigation, and conservation strategies for both northwest Atlantic species of pilot whales. C1 [Rone, Brenda K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pace, Richard M., III] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Rone, BK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brenda.rone@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 254 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00488.x PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 929HI UT WOS:000303051500011 ER PT J AU Dellabianca, NA Hohn, AA Goodall, RNP AF Dellabianca, Natalia A. Hohn, Aleta A. Goodall, R. Natalie P. TI Age estimation and growth layer patterns in teeth of Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus c. commersonii) in subantarctic waters SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HARBOR PORPOISES; LIFE-HISTORY; PHOCOENA C1 [Dellabianca, Natalia A.; Goodall, R. Natalie P.] CADIC, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fueg, Argentina. [Dellabianca, Natalia A.; Goodall, R. Natalie P.] Museo Acatushun Aves & Mamiferos Marinos Australe, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fueg, Argentina. [Hohn, Aleta A.] NMFS SEFSC NOAA Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Dellabianca, NA (reprint author), CADIC, Bernardo Houssay 200, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fueg, Argentina. EM ndellabianc@gmail.com RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 FU Committee for Research and Exploration of the National Geographic Society; Total Austral S.A.; Marianne & Benno Luthi Foundation, Cetacean Society International, and Conservation, Research and Education Opportunities; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) of Argentina FX We thank Dr. D. Fernandez and the Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia of the Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas for facilitating access to optical equipment and N. Easdale, M. Torres, and Dr. F. Santiago for their kind help with the editing of images. RNP is grateful to the Committee for Research and Exploration of the National Geographic Society and Total Austral S.A. for their continuing support. The efforts of many student interns and volunteers who searched beaches, cleaned specimens, and collected data over the last 35 yr, especially I. S. Cameron, A. R. Galeazzi, S. V. Macnie, C. C. Boy, and L. E. Pimper, are greatly appreciated. We thank the staff of the NMFS Protected Resources Branch in Beaufort, North Carolina, especially Shauna Ertolacci, for various assistance and support during the visit by NAD. This research was funded by the Marianne & Benno Luthi Foundation, Cetacean Society International, and Conservation, Research and Education Opportunities. NAD was also supported by a graduate fellowship from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) of Argentina. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 378 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00475.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 929HI UT WOS:000303051500019 ER PT J AU Shelden, KEW Rugh, DJ Hobbs, RC AF Shelden, Kim E. W. Rugh, David J. Hobbs, Roderick C. TI Interyear differences in the offshore distribution of eastern North Pacific gray whales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Shelden, Kim E. W.; Rugh, David J.; Hobbs, Roderick C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Shelden, KEW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kim.shelden@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory; NMFS [791]; Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary [01-92, 01-94, 31-95]; California Department of Fish and Game [10501.5] FX We thank the National Marine Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory under the past and present direction of H. Braham, D. DeMaster, S. Moore, and J. Bengtson for budgetary support of this project over the years. W. Perryman (SWFSC) for his assistance with the aircraft contracting and support during the project. Aerial surveys were conducted under NMFS permit 791, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary permits 01-92, 01-94, 31-95 and California Department of Fish and Game permit under code section 10501.5. This manuscript benefited greatly from the comments provided by J. L. Laake, P. J. Clapham, N. A. Friday, G. Duker, J. Lee, C. Baier, and two anonymous reviewers. Reference to trade names does not indicate endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00478.x PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 929HI UT WOS:000303051500020 ER PT J AU Kovacs, KM Aguilar, A Aurioles, D Burkanov, V Campagna, C Gales, N Gelatt, T Goldsworthy, SD Goodman, SJ Hofmeyr, GJG Harkonen, T Lowry, L Lydersen, C Schipper, J Sipila, T Southwell, C Stuart, S Thompson, D Trillmich, F AF Kovacs, Kit M. Aguilar, Alex Aurioles, David Burkanov, Vladimir Campagna, Claudio Gales, Nick Gelatt, Tom Goldsworthy, Simon D. Goodman, Simon J. Hofmeyr, Greg J. G. Harkonen, Tero Lowry, Lloyd Lydersen, Christian Schipper, Jan Sipila, Tero Southwell, Colin Stuart, Simon Thompson, Dave Trillmich, Fritz TI Global threats to pinnipeds SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID MEDITERRANEAN MONK SEAL; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MONACHUS-MONACHUS; PUPPING HABITAT; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY C1 [Kovacs, Kit M.; Lydersen, Christian] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kovacs, Kit M.] Univ Studies Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway. [Aguilar, Alex] Univ Barcelona, Dept Anim Biol, Barcelona 08071, Spain. [Aurioles, David] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Lab Ecol Pinnipedos Burney J Le Boeuf, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Burkanov, Vladimir] RAS, Kamchatka Branch Pacific Geog Inst, FEB, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Burkanov, Vladimir; Gelatt, Tom] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Campagna, Claudio] Wildlife Conservat Soc Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Gales, Nick; Southwell, Colin] Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Goldsworthy, Simon D.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst SARDI Aquat Sci, W Beach, SA 5024, Australia. [Goodman, Simon J.] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hofmeyr, Greg J. G.] Univ Pretoria, Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Hofmeyr, Greg J. G.] Port Elizabeth Museum Bayworld, ZA-6013 Humewood, South Africa. [Harkonen, Tero] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ecotoxicol, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lowry, Lloyd] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schipper, Jan] Conservat Int, Global Mammal Assessment, IUCN Species Programme, Biodivers Assessment Unit,Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Sipila, Tero] Metsahallitus, Nat Heritage Serv, FIN-57130 Savonlinna, Finland. [Stuart, Simon] Univ Bath, Innovat Ctr, IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Bath BA1 1UD, Avon, England. [Thompson, Dave] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Trillmich, Fritz] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, D-337501 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Kovacs, KM (reprint author), Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. EM kit.kovacs@npolar.no RI Aguilar, Alex/L-1283-2014; Schipper, Jan/N-5266-2015; OI Aguilar, Alex/0000-0002-5751-2512; Schipper, Jan/0000-0002-8338-7874; Campagna, Claudio/0000-0002-7971-5062 NR 68 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 129 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 414 EP 436 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00479.x PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 929HI UT WOS:000303051500024 ER PT J AU Van Opzeeland, IC Van Parijs, SM Frickenhaus, S Kreiss, CM Boebel, O AF Van Opzeeland, Ilse C. Van Parijs, Sofie M. Frickenhaus, Stephan Kreiss, Cornelia M. Boebel, Olaf TI Individual variation in pup vocalizations and absence of behavioral signs of maternal vocal recognition in Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE maternal vocal recognition; vocal individuality; pup calls; playback experiments; Weddell seal; Leptonychotes weddellii ID HARP SEALS; PAGOPHILUS-GROENLANDICUS; MOTHER; LACTATION; ANTARCTICA; PINNIPEDIA; CONTACT; DIVES; VOICE; CALLS AB Individually stereotyped vocalizations often play an important role in relocation of offspring in gregarious breeders. In phocids, mothers often alternate between foraging at sea and attending their pup. Pup calls are individually distinctive in various phocid species. However, experimental evidence for maternal recognition is rare. In this study, we recorded Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pup vocalizations at two whelping patches in Atka Bay, Antarctica, and explored individual vocal variation based on eight vocal parameters. Overall, 58% of calls were correctly classified according to individual. For males (n= 12) and females (n= 9), respectively, nine and seven individuals were correctly identified based on vocal parameters. To investigate whether mothers respond differently to calls of familiar vs. unfamiliar pups, we conducted playback experiments with 21 mothers. Maternal responses did not differ between playbacks of own, familiar, and unfamiliar pup calls. We suggest that Weddell seal pup calls may need to contain only a critical amount of individually distinct information because mothers and pups use a combination of sensory modalities for identification. However, it cannot be excluded that pup developmental factors and differing environmental factors between colonies affect pup acoustic behavior and the role of acoustic cues in the relocation process. C1 [Van Opzeeland, Ilse C.; Frickenhaus, Stephan; Kreiss, Cornelia M.; Boebel, Olaf] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Van Opzeeland, IC (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Handelshafen 26, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM ilse.van.opzeeland@awi.de OI Frickenhaus, Stephan/0000-0002-0356-9791 FU AWI Logistics department FX We thank Joachim Plotz, Horst Bornemann, Daniel Zitterbart, Lars Kindermann, Elke Burkhardt, Antje Funcke, the Neumayer overwintering team 2008-2009, and the AWI Logistics department for support in carrying out this study. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP E158 EP E172 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00505.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 929HI UT WOS:000303051500006 ER PT J AU Muhling, BA Roffer, MA Lamkin, JT Ingram, GW Upton, MA Gawlikowski, G Muller-Karger, F Habtes, S Richards, WJ AF Muhling, B. A. Roffer, M. A. Lamkin, J. T. Ingram, G. W., Jr. Upton, M. A. Gawlikowski, G. Muller-Karger, F. Habtes, S. Richards, W. J. TI Overlap between Atlantic bluefin tuna spawning grounds and observed Deepwater Horizon surface oil in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bluefin tuna; Gulf of Mexico; Oil spill; Deepwater Horizon ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; CRUDE-OIL; FISH EMBRYOS; LOOP CURRENT; SPILL; LARVAE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; ABNORMALITIES AB The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) during the spring spawning season of Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT). Overlap between BFT spawning habitat and surface oil in the northern GOM was examined using satellite-derived estimates of oil coverage, and spawning habitat models. Results suggested that although eggs and larvae were likely impacted by oil-contaminated waters in the eastern GOM, high abundances of larvae were located elsewhere, especially in the western GOM. Overall, less than 10% of BFT spawning habitat was predicted to have been covered by surface oil, and less than 12% of larval BFT were predicted to have been located within contaminated waters in the northern GOM, on a weekly basis. Our results provide preliminary but important initial estimates of the effects of the spill on larval BFT mortality, as concern continues over the appropriate management responses to impacts of the spill. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Muhling, B. A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Roffer, M. A.; Upton, M. A.; Gawlikowski, G.] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv Inc, W Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Lamkin, J. T.; Richards, W. J.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ingram, G. W., Jr.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Muller-Karger, F.; Habtes, S.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Muhling, BA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Barbara.Muhling@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX08AL06G] FX We wish to thank the captain and crew of the NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter, and all other NOAA ships which have collected plankton samples in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, we extend our thanks to field-going and land-based staff at the NOAA-NMFS Pascagoula laboratory. We thank Horizon Marine, Inc. for making their drifting buoy data available during the study period, and T. Lee, K. Schaudt and G. Maul for reviewing the daily oceanographic analyses associated with the distribution of the oil, contaminated water and ocean circulation during the Deepwater Horizon spill event. We also wish to acknowledge J. Franks (University of Southern Mississippi) and M. Wood (NOAA AOML) for providing visual sightings of the oil during their research cruises, and G. Goni for assisting with the interpretations of the NOAA Coast Watch altimeter data. G. Samuels and the University of Miami CSTARS are thanked for providing SAR data. This research was funded in part by NASA grant Grant # NNX08AL06G "Improving The NOAA NMFS and ICCAT Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries Management Decision Support System." NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 64 IS 4 BP 679 EP 687 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.034 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 932NV UT WOS:000303298700013 PM 22330074 ER PT J AU Sahiner, MA Lysaght, PS Woicik, JC Park, CS Huang, J Bersuker, G Taylor, W Kirsch, PD Jammy, R AF Sahiner, M. A. Lysaght, P. S. Woicik, J. C. Park, C. S. Huang, J. Bersuker, G. Taylor, W. Kirsch, P. D. Jammy, R. TI Local structural modifications of the HfO2 layer in the Al2O3 capped high-k dielectric films as probed by EXAFS SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EXAFS; HfO2; high-k ID INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES AB The information on the subtle local structural modifications around the Hf atom in HfO2 high-k dielectric stacks has been demonstrated to be crucial in determining the resulting electronic properties of the complementary metal oxide (CMOS) devices. In this work, using extended X-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, the local structural characterization of Hf-based advanced gate stacks thin films were investigated. The thin film stacks used in this project are Al2O3 capped HfO2 thin films deposited on silicon substrates. EXAFS simulations and fits were applied to the data in order to extract crucial structural modifications on these films upon postdeposition annealing (PDA). The local crystal symmetry and coordination around the Hf atom were investigated under various annealing conditions. Specifically, in Hf-based dielectric thin films on silicon substrates capped with Al2O3 layers, the local crystal symmetry, and coordination around the Hf atom were investigated under various annealing conditions. The questions addressed are the effects of various annealing mechanisms to the diffusion mechanisms in the cap layers and modifications on the emerging local structures around the Hf atom. The diffusion of Al into HfO2 films were monitored through the EXAFS simulations. The non-linear least-squares fitting to the EXAFS data revealed that the PDA in NH3 (or N-2) ambient after HfO2 deposition had prevented Al diffusion to the HfO2 layers. (C) 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Sahiner, M. A.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Lysaght, P. S.; Park, C. S.; Huang, J.; Bersuker, G.; Taylor, W.; Kirsch, P. D.; Jammy, R.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sahiner, MA (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM mehmet.sahiner@shu.edu FU SEMATECH; Research Foundation of the State University of New York [FEPZ001-N2] FX This work has been supported by SEMATECH and The Research Foundation of the State University of New York, Project: FEPZ001-N2. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD APR PY 2012 VL 209 IS 4 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1002/pssa.201100669 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 933TI UT WOS:000303385200011 ER PT J AU Sempos, CT Vesper, HW Phinney, KW Thienpont, LM Coates, PM AF Sempos, Christopher T. Vesper, Hubert W. Phinney, Karen W. Thienpont, Linda M. Coates, Paul M. CA VDSP TI Vitamin D status as an international issue: National surveys and the problem of standardization SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D; Calibration; Commutability; CAP; DEQAS; Harmonization; NIST; CLSI; Standardization; Traceability ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; HUMAN SERUM; ADULTS AB Wide spread variation in measurement results of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) confounds international efforts to develop evidence-based clinical guidelines. Accordingly, NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) in collaboration with CDC National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Ghent University established the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) in November 2010. VDSP objectives include: (1) standardize 25(OH)D concentration measurements in national health surveys around the world, (2) evaluate survey differences, (3) extend standardization efforts to assay manufacturers, and to clinical, commercial, and research laboratories, (4) promote standardization of emerging metabolites of vitamin D status, and (5) enable the use of standardized data in patient care and public health. An interlaboratory comparison study is being conducted to assess measurement variability among current assays. Participants include national health surveys from Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, South Korea, UK and USA, 15 assay manufacturers, and two external quality assurance programs. CDC will implement a formal laboratory certification program. Standardization activities will use single-donor, fresh-frozen serum collected using the CLSI C37 protocol. Initial assay performance criteria, based on biological variability data, are <= 10 % imprecision and <= 5 % bias in relation to the reference values. An ancillary study on commutability of NIST SRM 972a, external quality assurance testing materials is included. To increase the comparability of existing data from different national surveys, master equations will be developed to facilitate the conversion of already existing national survey data to the NIST-Ghent University reference measurement procedures. C1 [Sempos, Christopher T.; Coates, Paul M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vesper, Hubert W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thienpont, Linda M.] Univ Ghent, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Sempos, CT (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Rm 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM semposch@mail.nih.gov; hvesper@cdc.gov RI Mensink, Gert/B-2447-2009; OI Mensink, Gert/0000-0001-6268-5998; Young, Ian/0000-0003-3890-3152; Van Uytfanghe, Katleen/0000-0001-8195-150X; Flynn, Albert/0000-0002-7072-4202 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U105960371, MC_U105960384] NR 28 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 11 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0036-5513 J9 SCAND J CLIN LAB INV JI Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. PD APR PY 2012 VL 72 SU 243 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.3109/00365513.2012.681935 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 931VV UT WOS:000303248300006 PM 22536760 ER PT J AU Cleveland, D Long, SE Pennington, PL Cooper, E Fulton, MH Scott, GI Brewer, T Davis, J Petersen, EJ Wood, L AF Cleveland, Danielle Long, Stephen E. Pennington, Paul L. Cooper, Emily Fulton, Michael H. Scott, Geoffrey I. Brewer, Timothy Davis, Jeff Petersen, Elijah J. Wood, Laura TI Pilot estuarine mesocosm study on the environmental fate of Silver nanomaterials leached from consumer products SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Consumer products; Silver nanoparticles; Estuarine mesocosm; ICP-MS; Environmental fate ID ILYANASSA-OBSOLETA; MUD SNAIL; NANOPARTICLES; TOXICITY; COMPOUND; CELLS; WATER AB Although nanosilver consumer products (CPs) enjoy widespread availability, the environmental fate, leaching, and bioaccumulation behaviors of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from these products are not well understood. In this work, three nanosilver CPs, two AgNP standards, and an ionic silver (Ag+) standard were studied in estuarine mesocosms. The CPs exhibited long-term release of significant amounts of silver over a 60 d residence time in the mesocosms, and ultimately released 82 - 99% of their total silver loads. Measurements of total silver as a function of time, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), indicated that the silver was transferred from the water column and accumulated in the estuarine biota, including hard clams, grass shrimp, mud snails, cordgrass stalks and leaves, biofilms, intertidal sediment, and sand. The ICP-MS results and calculations of bioconcentration and trophic transfer factors indicated that significant amounts of silver were taken up by the organisms through trophic tnnsfer. Silver was also adsorbed from the seawater into the biofilms, sediment, and sand, and from the sand into the clams. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cleveland, Danielle; Long, Stephen E.; Brewer, Timothy; Davis, Jeff; Petersen, Elijah J.; Wood, Laura] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pennington, Paul L.; Cooper, Emily; Fulton, Michael H.; Scott, Geoffrey I.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Long, SE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.long@nist.gov RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; OI Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council FX We thank Krystle Ludwig (Savannah State University, Savannah, GA) for her assistance with mesocosm construction, field collections, mesocosm preparation, and photography. We also thank Katy Chung (NOAA, Charleston, SC), Guillaume Ballihaut and Blakely Adair (NIST, Charleston, SC), and Rebecca Frey (University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC) for their assistance with field collections and mesocosm preparation. We are grateful to Edward Wirth, Blaine West, and John Venturella (NOAA, Charleston, SC), Steven Christopher and W. Clay Davis (NIST, Charleston, SC), and Robert MacCuspie, Douglas Meier, and Savelas Rabb (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD), for helpful discussions. D.C. acknowledges the National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program for financial support. NR 36 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 421 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.025 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926LM UT WOS:000302832500029 PM 22369864 ER PT J AU Mathur, S Metcalfe, TS Woitaszek, M Bruntt, H Verner, GA Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Creevey, OL Dogan, G Basu, S Karoff, C Stello, D Appourchaux, T Campante, TL Chaplin, WJ Garcia, RA Bedding, TR Benomar, O Bonanno, A Deheuvels, S Elsworth, Y Gaulme, P Guzik, JA Handberg, R Hekker, S Herzberg, W Monteiro, MJPFG Piau, L Quirion, PO Regulo, C Roth, M Salabert, D Serenelli, A Thompson, MJ Trampedach, R White, TR Ballot, J Brandao, IM Molenda-Zakowicz, J Kjeldsen, H Twicken, JD Uddin, K Wohler, B AF Mathur, S. Metcalfe, T. S. Woitaszek, M. Bruntt, H. Verner, G. A. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Creevey, O. L. Dogan, G. Basu, S. Karoff, C. Stello, D. Appourchaux, T. Campante, T. L. Chaplin, W. J. Garcia, R. A. Bedding, T. R. Benomar, O. Bonanno, A. Deheuvels, S. Elsworth, Y. Gaulme, P. Guzik, J. A. Handberg, R. Hekker, S. Herzberg, W. Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G. Piau, L. Quirion, P. -O. Regulo, C. Roth, M. Salabert, D. Serenelli, A. Thompson, M. J. Trampedach, R. White, T. R. Ballot, J. Brandao, I. M. Molenda-Zakowicz, J. Kjeldsen, H. Twicken, J. D. Uddin, K. Wohler, B. TI A UNIFORM ASTEROSEISMIC ANALYSIS OF 22 SOLAR-TYPE STARS OBSERVED BY KEPLER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; stars: evolution; stars: interiors; stars: oscillations ID STELLAR EVOLUTION CODE; MODE FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; SUN-LIKE STAR; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; MIXING-LENGTH; NGC 6819; OSCILLATIONS; PARAMETERS; DIAGRAMS AB Asteroseismology with the Kepler space telescope is providing not only an improved characterization of exoplanets and their host stars, but also a new window on stellar structure and evolution for the large sample of solar-type stars in the field. We perform a uniform analysis of 22 of the brightest asteroseismic targets with the highest signal-to-noise ratio observed for 1 month each during the first year of the mission, and we quantify the precision and relative accuracy of asteroseismic determinations of the stellar radius, mass, and age that are possible using various methods. We present the properties of each star in the sample derived from an automated analysis of the individual oscillation frequencies and other observational constraints using the Asteroseismic Modeling Portal (AMP), and we compare them to the results of model-grid-based methods that fit the global oscillation properties. We find that fitting the individual frequencies typically yields asteroseismic radii and masses to similar to 1% precision, and ages to similar to 2.5% precision (respectively, 2, 5, and 8 times better than fitting the global oscillation properties). The absolute level of agreement between the results from different approaches is also encouraging, with model-grid-based methods yielding slightly smaller estimates of the radius and mass and slightly older values for the stellar age relative to AMP, which computes a large number of dedicated models for each star. The sample of targets for which this type of analysis is possible will grow as longer data sets are obtained during the remainder of the mission. C1 [Mathur, S.; Metcalfe, T. S.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Dogan, G.; Thompson, M. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Metcalfe, T. S.; Woitaszek, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Computat & Informat Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bruntt, H.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Dogan, G.; Karoff, C.; Campante, T. L.; Handberg, R.; Kjeldsen, H.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Bruntt, H.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, UMR8109, LESIA,Obs Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Verner, G. A.; Karoff, C.; Chaplin, W. J.; Elsworth, Y.; Hekker, S.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Creevey, O. L.; Salabert, D.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange,UMR7293, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Basu, S.; Deheuvels, S.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Stello, D.; Bedding, T. R.; Benomar, O.; White, T. R.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Appourchaux, T.; Gaulme, P.] Univ Paris 11, UMR8617, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Campante, T. L.; Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.; Brandao, I. M.] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Campante, T. L.; Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.; Brandao, I. M.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Garcia, R. A.] CEA DSM CNRS Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Garcia, R. A.] Ctr Saclay, IRFU SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bonanno, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Guzik, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hekker, S.; Roth, M.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Herzberg, W.] Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Piau, L.] LATMOS, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Quirion, P. -O.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Regulo, C.] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Regulo, C.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Serenelli, A.] Inst Ciencias Espacio CSIC IEEC, Fac Ciencias, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ballot, J.] CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Ballot, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Molenda-Zakowicz, J.] Univ Wroclaw, Astron Inst, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Twicken, J. D.] NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Uddin, K.; Wohler, B.] NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Mathur, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Ballot, Jerome/G-1019-2010; Bonanno, Alfio/J-1845-2012; Brandao, Isa/M-5172-2013; Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./B-4715-2008 OI Serenelli, Aldo/0000-0001-6359-2769; Handberg, Rasmus/0000-0001-8725-4502; Bonanno, Alfio/0000-0003-3175-9776; Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Karoff, Christoffer/0000-0003-2009-7965; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661; Basu, Sarbani/0000-0002-6163-3472; Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776; Brandao, Isa/0000-0002-1153-0942; Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./0000-0003-0513-8116 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate; NASA [NNX09AE59G]; White Dwarf Research Corporation; European Community [269194]; NSF TeraGrid allocation [TG-AST090107]; TeraGrid Science Gateways program; NSF MRI [CNS-0421498, CNS-0420873, CNS-0420985]; NSF; University of Colorado; IBM FX Funding for this Discovery mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. This work was supported in part by the NASA grant NNX09AE59G and by the White Dwarf Research Corporation through the Pale Blue Dot project. The authors thank the entire Kepler team, without whom these results would not be possible. We also thank all funding councils and agencies that have supported the activities of the KASC Working Group 1, and the International Space Science Institute (ISSI). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 269194 (IRSES/ASK). Computational time on Kraken at the National Institute of Computational Sciences was provided through the NSF TeraGrid allocation TG-AST090107. Funding to integrate AMP with TeraGrid resources was provided by the TeraGrid Science Gateways program. Computational time at NCAR was provided by the NSF MRI Grants CNS-0421498, CNS-0420873, and CNS-0420985, NSF sponsorship of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado, and a grant from the IBM Shared University Research program. NR 87 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 749 IS 2 AR 152 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/152 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925TY UT WOS:000302785700056 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR Dawson, JP Winner, DA AF Ravishankara, A. R. Dawson, John P. Winner, Darrell A. TI New Directions: Adapting air quality management to climate change: A must for planning SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Adaptation; Air quality ID BLACK CARBON AB While adaptation to climate change is primarily thought of as a water, weather, and infrastructure issue, air quality and air quality management are important aspects of climate change adaptation. Air quality and climate change are so heavily intertwined that air quality needs to be considered not only for mitigation strategies but also in management of and adapting to climate change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ravishankara, A. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Dawson, John P.; Winner, Darrell A.] US EPA, Arlington, VA USA. RP Dawson, JP (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NCER, 1200 Penn Ave NW,8726P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM dawson.john@epa.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 BP 387 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.048 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909JP UT WOS:000301561100044 ER PT J AU Matkin, CO Durban, JW Saulitis, EL Andrews, RD Straley, JM Matkin, DR Ellis, GM AF Matkin, Craig O. Durban, John W. Saulitis, Eva L. Andrews, Russel D. Straley, Janice M. Matkin, Dena R. Ellis, Graeme M. TI Contrasting abundance and residency patterns of two sympatric populations of transient killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northern Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN ALASKA; SEA OTTERS; HYPOTHESIS; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; TREND AB Two sympatric populations of "transient" (mammal-eating) killer whales were photo-identified over 27 years (1984-2010) in Prince William Sound and Kenai Fjords, coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Alaska (GOA). A total of 88 individuals were identified during 203 encounters with "AT1" transients (22 individuals) and 91 encounters with "GOA" transients (66 individuals). The median number of individuals identified annually was similar for both populations (AT1=7; GOA=8), but mark-recapture estimates showed the AT1 whales to have much higher fidelity to the study area, whereas the GOA whales had a higher exchange of individuals. Apparent survival estimates were generally high for both populations, but there was a significant reduction in the survival of AT1 transients after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, with an abrupt decline in estimated abundance from a high of 22 in 1989 to a low of seven whales at the end of 2010. There was no detectable decline in GOA population abundance or survival over the same period, but abundance ranged from just 6 to 18 whales annually. Resighting data from adjacent coastal waters and movement tracks from satellite tags further indicated that the GOA whales are part of a larger population with a more extensive range, whereas AT1 whales are resident to the study area. C1 [Matkin, Craig O.; Saulitis, Eva L.; Matkin, Dena R.] N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Durban, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Durban, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Straley, Janice M.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Ellis, Graeme M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. RP Matkin, CO (reprint author), N Gulf Ocean Soc, 3430 Main St,Suite B1, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM cmatkin@acsalaska.net FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; Alaska SeaLife Center; Hubbs Seaworld Research Institute; National Marine Mammal Laboratory FX The majority of the long-term funds for the project were provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council and the Alaska SeaLife Center. The Norcross Wildlife Foundation provided equipment. Hubbs Seaworld Research Institute and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory funded early work. Dozens of individuals have made substantial contributions to this multidecadal project. We are indebted to all of you. We would like to thank O. von Ziegesar, C. St. Amand, L. A. Holmes, L. Mazzuca, D. Maldini, and D. Olsen for data contributions. A. Gaylord assisted with GIS analysis. W. Perrin and three reviewers made invaluable comments on the manuscript. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 42 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 143 EP 155 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 929PX UT WOS:000303079000001 ER PT J AU Rudershausen, PJ Buckel, JA Bolton, GE Gregory, RW Averett, TW Conn, PB AF Rudershausen, Paul J. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Bolton, Greg E. Gregory, Randy W. Averett, Tyler W. Conn, Paul B. TI A comparison between circle hook and J hook performance in the dolphinfish, yellowfish tuna, and wahoo troll fishery off the coast of North Carolina SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SHANK J HOOKS; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; RELEASE FISHERIES; BILLFISH AB We compared numbers of strikes, proportions of fish that hooked up after strikes, proportions of fish that stayed on hook (retained) after hook up, and numbers of fish caught between circle and J hooks rigged with dead natural fish bait (ballyhoo) and trolled for three oceanic predator species: dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores), and wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri). Interactions were compared between circle and J hooks fished on 75 trips by two user groups (charter and recreational fishermen). Hooks were affixed to three species-specific leader types most commonly fished in this region: monofilament (dolphinfish), fluorocarbon (tuna), and wire (wahoo). Numbers of fish caught per trip and three potential mechanisms that might influence numbers caught (i.e., number of strikes, proportion of fish hooked, and proportion retained) were modeled with generalized linear models that considered hook type, leader type, species, user (fishing) group, and wave height as main effects. Hook type was a main effect at the catch level; generally, more fish were caught on J hooks than on circle hooks. The effect of hook type on strike rates was equivocal. However, J hooks had a greater proportion of hook-ups than did circle hooks. Finally, the proportion of fish retained once hooked was generally equal between hook types. We found similar results when data from additional species were pooled as a "tuna" group and a "mackerel" group. We conclude that J hooks are more effective than circle hooks at the hook-up level and result in greater numbers of troll-caught dolphinfish, tunas, and mackerels. C1 [Rudershausen, Paul J.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.; Averett, Tyler W.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Bolton, Greg E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Gregory, Randy W.] N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Conn, Paul B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Conn, Paul B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rudershausen, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM pjruders@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Sea Grant Fishery Resource [08-FEG-02, 10-FEG-06]; North Carolina Sea Grant [E/GS-6, FEE-1]; Big Rock Blue Marlin Tournament FX This study was funded by North Carolina Sea Grant Fishery Resource Grant awards 08-FEG-02 and 10-FEG-06, and North Carolina Sea Grant awards E/GS-6, FEE-1, and the Big Rock Blue Marlin Tournament. We thank D. Kerstetter and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 156 EP 175 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 929PX UT WOS:000303079000002 ER PT J AU Keller, AA Wallace, JR Horness, BH Hamel, OS Stewart, IJ AF Keller, Aimee A. Wallace, John R. Horness, Beth H. Hamel, Owen S. Stewart, Ian J. TI Variations in eastern North Pacific demersal fish biomass based on the U.S. west coast groundfish bottom trawl survey (2003-2010) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MARINE FISH; BERING-SEA; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; RECRUITMENT; ASSEMBLAGE; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES AB In response to declining biomass of Northeast Pacific groundfish in the late 1990s and to improve the scientific basis for management of the fishery, the Northwest Fisheries Science Center standardized and enhanced their annual bottom trawl survey in 2003. The survey was expanded to include the entire area along the U.S. west coast at depths of 55-1280 m. Coast-wide biomass and species richness significantly decreased during the first eight years (2003-10) of this fishery-independent survey. We observed an overall tendency toward declining biomass for 62 dominant taxa combined (fishery target and nontarget species) and four of seven subgroups (including cartilaginous fish, flatfishes, shelf rockfishes, and other shelf species), despite increasing or variable biomass trends in individual species. These decreases occurred during a period of reduced catch for ground fish along the shelf and upper slope regions relative to historical rates. We used information from multiple stock assessments to aggregate species into three groups: 1) with strong recruitment, 2) without strong recruitment in 1999, and 3) with unknown recruitment level. For each group, we evaluated whether declining biomass was primarily related to depletion (using year as a proxy) or environmental factors (i.e., variation in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation). According to Akaike's information criterion, changes in aggregate biomass for species with strong recruitment were more closely related to year, whereas those with no strong recruitment were more closely related to climate. The significant decline in biomass for species without strong recruitment confirms that factors other than depletion of the exceptional 1999 year class may be responsible for the observed decrease in biomass along the U.S. west coast. C1 [Keller, Aimee A.; Wallace, John R.; Horness, Beth H.; Hamel, Owen S.; Stewart, Ian J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keller, AA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM aimee.keller@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 205 EP 222 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 929PX UT WOS:000303079000005 ER PT J AU Baremore, IE Bethea, DM Andrews, KI AF Baremore, Ivy E. Bethea, Dana M. Andrews, Kate I. TI Gillnet selectivity for juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NET MESH SELECTIVITIES; UNITED-STATES; NURSERY; AUSTRALIA; FISHERIES AB Gillnet mesh selectivity parameters were estimated for juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) by using length data from an experimental fishery-independent gillnet survey in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Length data for 1720 blacktip sharks were collected over 17 years (1994-2010) with seven mesh sizes ranging from 7.6 to 20.3 cm. Four selectivity models, a normal model assuming fixed spread, a normal model assuming that spread is proportional to mesh size, a log-normal model, and a gamma model were fitted to the data by using the SELECT (share each length's catch total) method. Each model was run twice under separate assumptions of 1) equal fishing intensity; and 2) fishing intensity proportional to mesh size. The normal, fixed-spread selectivity curve where fishing intensity is assumed to be proportional to mesh size provided the best fit to the data according to model deviance estimates and was chosen as the best model. Results indicate that juvenile blacktip sharks are susceptible as bycatch in some commercial gillnet fisheries. C1 [Baremore, Ivy E.; Bethea, Dana M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Andrews, Kate I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Baremore, IE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Ivy.Baremore@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 230 EP 241 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 929PX UT WOS:000303079000007 ER PT J AU Caldarone, EM MacLean, SA Sharack, B AF Caldarone, Elaine M. MacLean, Sharon A. Sharack, Beth TI Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance analysis and Fulton's condition factor as nonlethal techniques for estimating short-term responses in postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar) to food availability SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SIZE-DEPENDENT PREDATION; SALAR-L.; BODY-COMPOSITION; PHASE-ANGLE; ENERGY DENSITY; FISH; GROWTH; TISSUES; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION AB We evaluated measures of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and Fulton's condition factor (K) as potential nonlethal indices for detecting short-term changes in nutritional condition of postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish reared in the laboratory for 27 days were fed, fasted, or fasted and then refed. Growth rates and proximate body composition (protein, fat, water) were measured in each fish to evaluate nutritional status and condition. Growth rates of fish responded rapidly to the absence or reintroduction of food, whereas body composition (% wet weight) remained relatively stable owing to isometric growth in fed fish and little loss of body constituents in fasted fish, resulting in nonsignificant differences in body composition among feeding treatments. The utility of BIA and Fulton's K as condition indices requires differences in body composition. In our study, BIA measures were not significantly different among the three feeding treatments, and only on the final day of sampling was K of fasted vs. fed fish significantly different. BIA measures were correlated with body composition content; however, wet weight was a better predictor of body composition on both a content and concentration (% wet weight) basis. Because fish were growing isometrically, neither BIA nor K was well correlated with growth rate. For immature fish, where growth rate, rather than energy reserves, is a more important indicator of fish condition, a nonlethal index that reflects short-term changes in growth rate or the potential for growth would be more suitable as a condition index than either BIA measures or Fulton's K. C1 [Caldarone, Elaine M.; MacLean, Sharon A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sharack, Beth] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, JJ Howard Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Caldarone, EM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM elaine.caldarone@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 257 EP 270 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 929PX UT WOS:000303079000009 ER PT J AU Stachura, MM Lunsford, CR Rodgveller, CJ Heifetz, J AF Stachura, Megan M. Lunsford, Chris R. Rodgveller, Cara J. Heifetz, Jonathan TI Estimation of discard mortality of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in Alaska longline fisheries SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RELEASE; SURVIVAL; CATCH; FISH; IMPAIRMENT; BEHAVIOR; INJURY; HOOKS; COD AB Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) are often caught incidentally in longline fisheries and discarded, but the extent of mortality after release is unknown, which creates uncertainty for estimates of total mortality. We analyzed data from 10,427 fish that were tagged in research surveys and recovered in surveys and commercial fisheries up to 19 years later and found a decrease in recapture rates for fish originally captured at shallower depths (210-319 m) during the study, sustaining severe hooking injuries, and sustaining amphipod predation injuries. The overall estimated discard mortality rate was 11.71%. This estimate is based on an assumed survival rate of 96.5% for fish with minor hooking injuries and the observed recapture rates for sablefish at each level of severity of hook injury. This estimate may be lower than what actually occurs in commercial fisheries because fish are likely not handled as carefully as those in our study. Comparing our results with data on the relative occurrence of the severity of hooking injuries in longline fisheries may lead to more accurate accounting of total mortality attributable to fishing and to improved management of this species. C1 [Stachura, Megan M.; Lunsford, Chris R.; Rodgveller, Cara J.; Heifetz, Jonathan] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Ocean & Atmospher A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lunsford, CR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Ocean & Atmospher A, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM chris.lunsford@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This analysis was performed while author M. Stachura was a student intern from the University of Miami and funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a Cooperative Grant sponsored by NOAA. We thank N. Maloney for managing the tag data for the entirety of this project. We also thank E. Varosi and J. Fujioka for help in designing hook injury codes, and the crew of the RV Townsend Cromwell. This manuscript has benefited from review by D. DiResta, G. Thomas, J. Richardson, J. Murphy, K. Echave, P. Rigby, and three anonymous reviewers. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 929PX UT WOS:000303079000010 ER PT J AU Crocker, RI Maslanik, JA Adler, JJ Palo, SE Herzfeld, UC Emery, WJ AF Crocker, R. Ian Maslanik, James A. Adler, John J. Palo, Scott E. Herzfeld, Ute C. Emery, William J. TI A Sensor Package for Ice Surface Observations Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Cryosphere; ice sheet; light detecting and ranging (LIDAR) remote sensing; sea ice; unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) ID AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETRY; SEA-ICE; AEROSONDES; ACCURACY; ALTITUDE; SHEET AB A suite of sensors has been assembled to map surface elevation and topography with fine resolution from small unmanned aircraft systems. The sensor package consists of a light detecting and ranging (LIDAR) instrument, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a Global Positioning System (GPS) module, and digital still and video cameras. The system has been utilized to map ice sheet topography in Greenland and to measure sea ice freeboard and roughness in Fram Strait off the coast of Svalbard and in the Southern Ocean near McMurdo, Antarctica. The elevation measurement accuracy is found to be < 10 cm (1 sigma) when short-baseline differential GPS processing is used to position the aircraft, and IMU data are used to correct for off-nadir pointing of the LIDAR. The system is optimized to provide coincident surface topography measurements and imagery of ice sheets, glaciers, and sea ice, and it has the potential to become a widely distributed observational resource to complement manned-aircraft and satellite missions. C1 [Crocker, R. Ian; Maslanik, James A.; Palo, Scott E.; Emery, William J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Adler, John J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Herzfeld, Ute C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Crocker, RI (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM roger.crocker@colorado.edu; james.maslanik@colorado.edu; John.Adler@noaa.gov; Scott.Palo@colorado.edu; herzfeld@tryfan.colorado.edu; William.Emery@colorado.edu OI PALO, SCOTT/0000-0002-4729-4929; Emery, William/0000-0002-7598-9082 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cryospheric Sciences Branch [NNX07AR21G]; Graduate Student Researchers Program [NNX09AL46H]; National Science Foundation [ARC 0520539]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; UNAVCO FX Manuscript received July 9, 2010; revised January 28, 2011 and June 10, 2011; accepted July 3, 2011. Date of publication October 21, 2011; date of current version March 28, 2012. This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cryospheric Sciences Branch under Grant NNX07AR21G and Graduate Student Researchers Program under Grant NNX09AL46H, by the National Science Foundation under Grant ARC 0520539, and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.; The authors would like to thank the BAE Systems Manta and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Instrumentation Environmental Remote Research Aircraft crews and managers, NASA and Kings Bay (Ny-Alesund) logistics support staff, and UNAVCO for the support. The cooperation of the Danish and Norwegian civil aviation authorities and the residents and researchers of Ilulissat, Greenland, and Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, was critical to the success of the field campaigns. Additional recognition is extended to M. Edwards for his role in the development of the CU LIDAR Profilometer and Imaging System command and data handling system. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1047 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2167339 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 922EH UT WOS:000302529100003 ER PT J AU Galletti, M Zrnic, DS Melnikov, VM Doviak, RJ AF Galletti, Michele Zrnic, Dusan S. Melnikov, Valery M. Doviak, Richard J. TI Degree of Polarization at Horizontal Transmit: Theory and Applications for Weather Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Antenna radiation pattern; copolar radiation pattern; cross-channel coupling; cross-polar correlation coefficient; cross-polar radiation pattern; degree of polarization at horizontal transmit; linear depolarization ratio (LDR) ID COHERENCE; CLASSIFICATION; RADIATION; CLUTTER AB This paper considers weather radar measurements at linear depolarization ratio (LDR) mode, consisting of transmission of horizontal polarization and simultaneous reception of the copolar (horizontal) and cross-polar (vertical) components of the returned wave. Such a system yields the coherency matrix, with four degrees of freedom. After a theoretical analysis of its structure and symmetries, we focus on three cross-polarization variables: LDR, cross-polar correlation coefficient at horizontal transmit (rho(xh)), and degree of polarization at horizontal transmit (p(H)). The different properties of these variables with respect to backscattering and propagation are analyzed, together with the bias induced by antenna cross-channel coupling. It is demonstrated that the degree of polarization at horizontal transmit possesses attractive properties in terms of robustness to propagation effects and antenna cross-channel coupling. C1 [Galletti, Michele] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan S.; Melnikov, Valery M.; Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Galletti, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mgalletti@bnl.gov; dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov; Valery.Melnikov@noaa.gov; Dick.Doviak@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1291 EP 1301 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2167516 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 922EH UT WOS:000302529100024 ER PT J AU Levine, LE Geantil, P Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Kassner, ME Liu, WJ AF Levine, Lyle E. Geantil, Peter Larson, Bennett C. Tischler, Jonathan Z. Kassner, Michael E. Liu, Wenjun TI Validating classical line profile analyses using microbeam diffraction from individual dislocation cell walls and cell interiors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DEFORMED COPPER; DEFORMATION STRUCTURES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ELASTIC STRAINS; RESOLUTION; SUBGRAINS AB Dislocation structures in deformed metals produce broad asymmetric diffraction line profiles. During analysis, these profiles are generally separated into two nearly symmetric subprofiles corresponding to diffraction by dislocation cell walls and cell interiors. These subprofiles are then interpreted using complex models of dislocation-based line broadening. Until now, it has not been possible to test the many assumptions that are made in such an analysis. Here, depthresolved microbeam diffraction was used to measure diffraction line profiles from numerous individual dislocation cell walls and cell interiors in a heavily deformed Cu single crystal. Summing these profiles directly constructed the cellinterior and cell-wall subprofiles that have been approximated in the line profile analysis literature for the past 30 years. Direct comparison between the reconstructed subprofiles and the macroscopic asymmetric line profile from the same sample allows the first direct tests of many of the assumptions that have been used for interpreting these X-ray measurements. C1 [Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Geantil, Peter; Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Larson, Bennett C.; Tischler, Jonathan Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Wenjun] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyle.levine@nist.gov FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; National Science Foundation [DMR-901838]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Southern California was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; MEK acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through grant No. DMR-901838; the XOR/UNI facilities on Sectors 33 and 34 at the APS are supported by the DOE Office of Science under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2012 VL 45 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1107/S0021889812001616 PN 2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 926CG UT WOS:000302808300001 ER PT J AU Gnaupel-Herold, T Creuziger, AA Iadicola, M AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas Creuziger, Adam A. Iadicola, Mark TI A model for calculating diffraction elastic constants SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL DATA; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; POLYCRYSTAL; BERECHNUNG; SYMMETRY; STEELS; STRAIN AB A model, dubbed the inverse Kroner model, is proposed to calculate the diffraction elastic constants from the elastic constants of a single crystal. It is related to the classic Kroner model, and both are identified as bounds on the diffraction elastic constants. Through the grain shape as controlling parameter, the classic Kroner model is bound by the hkl-independent mechanical limit given by the bulk elastic constants of the matrix, while the inverse Kroner model approaches the Reuss limit. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Creuziger, Adam A.; Iadicola, Mark] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Bldg 090,Room 2135, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2012 VL 45 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1107/S0021889812002221 PN 2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 926CG UT WOS:000302808300006 ER PT J AU Jayawardena, IMS Chen, YL Nash, AJ Kodama, K AF Jayawardena, I. M. Shiromani Chen, Yi-Leng Nash, Andrew J. Kodama, Kevin TI A Comparison of Three Prolonged Periods of Heavy Rainfall over the Hawaiian Islands SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC WINTERTIME BLOCKING; NORTH-PACIFIC; LIFE-CYCLES; PERSISTENT ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY AB The anomalous circulation patterns during an unusually prolonged stormy-weather period in Hawaii from 19 February to 2 April 2006 are analyzed and are compared with those of two previously known prolonged heavy-rainfall periods (March 1951 and February 1979). The circulation patterns for these three periods are characterized by 1) a negative Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern in the midlatitudes with a blocking high southwest of the Aleutian Islands, 2) retraction and splitting of the zonal jet into a polar jet north of 50 degrees N and a persistent subtropical jet to the south over the central Pacific Ocean, 3) an anomalous low west of the Hawaiian Islands embedded in the subtropical jet, and 4) a weaker-than-normal Hadley circulation in the mid-Pacific. The moisture advected from low latitudes by the southerly wind component east of the persistent anomalous low, combined with upward motion, provides the large-scale setting for the unusually prolonged unsettled weather across the Hawaiian Islands. For all three cases, the prolonged stormy weather started after the onset of large-scale blocking and a negative PNA pattern over the North Pacific and the occurrence of a persistent anomalous low embedded in the subtropical jet west of the Hawaiian Islands. Furthermore, the persistent low was located at the optimal position to bring moisture from the central equatorial Pacific to Hawaii. The stormy weather ceased after the midlatitude blocking pattern weakened and the anomalous low in the subtropics decayed and/or shifted westward. There are no apparent common precursors in the 2-week period prior to the prolonged stormy weather among these three cases, however. C1 [Jayawardena, I. M. Shiromani; Chen, Yi-Leng] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nash, Andrew J.; Kodama, Kevin] Natl Weather Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Chen, YL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM yileng@hawaii.edu FU East-West Center; Association of American University Women (AAUW); COMET/UCAR [S07-66828]; Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR)/NOAA [NA17RJ1230/NA09OAR4320075] FX Author I. M. S. P. Jayawardena's graduate studies at the University of Hawaii were funded by an East-West Center Fellowship and also by the Association of American University Women Fellowship (AAUW). This work was funded by COMET/UCAR under Grant S07-66828. The authors thank reviewers for their helpful comments, Ms. Y. Chen for providing us the Hawaii rainfall index, May Izumi and David Hitzl for editing the text, and the Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR)/NOAA for funding the publication costs under Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1230/NA09OAR4320075. Figure 9 is provided by the Physical Sciences Division, NOAA/ESRL, Boulder, Colorado (obtained online at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 51 IS 4 BP 722 EP 744 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0133.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921IV UT WOS:000302472200005 ER PT J AU Schuur, TJ Park, HS Ryzhkov, AV Reeves, HD AF Schuur, Terry J. Park, Hyang-Suk Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Reeves, Heather D. TI Classification of Precipitation Types during Transitional Winter Weather Using the RUC Model and Polarimetric Radar Retrievals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREEZING RAIN; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; NONDIMENSIONAL PARAMETER; ICE PELLETS; LOCATIONS AB A new hydrometeor classification algorithm that combines thermodynamic output from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model with polarimetric radar observations is introduced. The algorithm improves upon existing classification techniques that rely solely on polarimetric radar observations by using thermodynamic information to help to diagnose microphysical processes (such as melting or refreezing) that might occur aloft. This added information is especially important for transitional weather events for which past studies have shown radar-only techniques to be deficient. The algorithm first uses vertical profiles of wet-bulb temperature derived from the RUC model output to provide a background precipitation classification type. According to a set of empirical rules, polarimetric radar data are then used to refine precipitation-type categories when the observations are found to be inconsistent with the background classification. Using data from the polarimetric KOUN Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) located in Norman, Oklahoma, the algorithm is tested on a transitional winter-storm event that produced a combination of rain, freezing rain, ice pellets, and snow as it passed over central Oklahoma on 30 November 2006. Examples are presented in which the presence of a radar bright band (suggesting an elevated warm layer) is observed immediately above a background classification of dry snow (suggesting the absence of an elevated warm layer in the model output). Overall, the results demonstrate the potential benefits of combining polarimetric radar data with thermodynamic information from numerical models, with model output providing widespread coverage and polarimetric radar data providing an observation-based modification of the derived precipitation type at closer ranges. C1 [Schuur, Terry J.] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, NSSL, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Schuur, Terry J.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Reeves, Heather D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Park, Hyang-Suk] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Atmospher Sci, Taegu, South Korea. RP Schuur, TJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM schuur@ou.edu FU MOU; MIT Lincoln Laboratory through the FAA's NEXRAD Program Office; U. S. Department of Commerce NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. National Weather Service; U.S. Department of Defense; Federal Aviation Administration FX The authors thank the NSSL/CIMMS employees who maintain and operate the KOUN polarimetric radar for research-grade operations. Part of this work was supported under an MOU with MIT Lincoln Laboratory through the FAA's NEXRAD Program Office. Additional funding was provided by the U. S. Department of Commerce NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 and by the U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and U.S. Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD radars. Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript; Dr. Kim Elmore and Dr. Matthew Kumjian also reviewed this manuscript and provided several helpful comments. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 51 IS 4 BP 763 EP 779 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-091.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921IV UT WOS:000302472200007 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Zhao, XP Li, WL Zhou, XJ AF Liu, Yu Zhao, Xuepeng Li, Weiliang Zhou, Xiuji TI Background Stratospheric Aerosol Variations Deduced from Satellite Observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAGE-II; OZONE TRENDS; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; PARTICLE FORMATION; CLIMATOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; LAYER; CIRCULATION; MECHANISMS; PROFILE AB The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) aerosol products from 1998 to 2004 have been analyzed for the tendency of changes in background stratospheric aerosol properties. The aerosol extinction coefficient E has apparently increased in the midlatitude lower stratosphere (LS) in both hemispheres, at an annual rate that is as great as 2%-5%. Positive changes in the aerosol surface area density S in the midlatitude LS are most distinct, with a rate of increase that is as high as 5%-6% annually. At the same time, there has been a secular decrease in aerosol effective radius R, especially in the tropical LS, at a rate of up to -2.5% yr(-1). Corresponding to these trends, the aerosol number concentration is inferred to have increased by roughly 5%-10% yr(-1) in the tropical LS and by 4%-8% yr(-1) in the midlatitude LS. Changes in aerosol mass are also deduced, with rates of increase in the midlatitude LS that are in the range of 1%-5% yr(-1). The large uncertainty in operational S product is the major factor influencing the trend in S, aerosol number concentrations, and mass. The authors' global assessment supports the speculation of Hofmann et al. on the basis of local observations that the cause of an increase in lidar backscatter over a similar period was a consequence of aerosol particle growth due to enhanced anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. Moreover, it is found that an increase in the injection rate of condensation nuclei from the troposphere to the stratosphere at tropical latitudes is required to sustain the increase in stratospheric aerosol concentrations identified in this analysis. C1 [Liu, Yu; Li, Weiliang; Zhou, Xiuji] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Xuepeng] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, Asheville, NC USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, 46 S Zhongguangchun Ave, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM liuyu@cams.cma.gov.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China 973 [2010CB428605]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40675076]; CAMS [2010Z002]; National Climatic Data Center of NOAA/NESDIS FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Langley Climate Data Center for providing operational SAGE II aerosol products and acknowledge communications with Dr. Larry W. Thomason at the NASA Langley Research Center about these data. The constructive comments and suggestions provided by three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. This work is mainly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China 973 (Contract 2010CB428605), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Contract 40675076), and Key Project of CAMS (2010Z002). Author X. Zhao also acknowledges the support from the climate data record (CDR) program at the National Climatic Data Center of NOAA/NESDIS. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 51 IS 4 BP 799 EP 812 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-016.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921IV UT WOS:000302472200010 ER PT J AU Harkness, M Fisher, A Lee, MD Mack, EE Payne, JA Dworatzek, S Roberts, J Acheson, C Herrmann, R Possolo, A AF Harkness, Mark Fisher, Angela Lee, Michael D. Mack, E. Erin Payne, Jo Ann Dworatzek, Sandra Roberts, Jeff Acheson, Carolyn Herrmann, Ronald Possolo, Antonio TI Use of statistical tools to evaluate the reductive dechlorination of high levels of TCE in microcosm studies SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioremediation; Trichloroethene; DNAPL; Microcosm study; Statistics ID CHLOROETHENE-CONTAMINATED SITES; NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUIDS; SOLVENT SOURCE ZONES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; ELECTRON-DONORS; TETRACHLOROETHENE DNAPL; QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AB A large, multi-laboratory microcosm study was performed to select amendments for supporting reductive dechlorination of high levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) found at an industrial site in the United Kingdom (UK) containing dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) TCE. The study was designed as a fractional factorial experiment involving 177 bottles distributed between four industrial laboratories and was used to assess the impact of six electron donors, bioaugmentation, addition of supplemental nutrients, and two TCE levels (0.57 and 1.90 mM or 75 and 250 mg/L in the aqueous phase) on ICE dechlorination. Performance was assessed based on the concentration changes of ICE and reductive dechlorination degradation products. The chemical data was evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and survival analysis techniques to determine both main effects and important interactions for all the experimental variables during the 203-day study. The statistically based design and analysis provided powerful tools that aided decision-making for field application of this technology. The analysis showed that emulsified vegetable oil (EVO), lactate, and methanol were the most effective electron donors, promoting rapid and complete dechlorination of ICE to ethene. Bioaugmentation and nutrient addition also had a statistically significant positive impact on ICE dechlorination. In addition, the microbial community was measured using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) for quantification of total biomass and characterization of the community structure and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for enumeration of Dehalococcoides organisms (Dhc) and the vinyl chloride reductase (vcrA) gene. The highest increase in levels of total biomass and Dhc was obierved in the EVO microcosms, which correlated well with the dechlorination results. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harkness, Mark; Fisher, Angela] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Lee, Michael D.] Terra Syst Inc, Wilmington, DE 19809 USA. [Mack, E. Erin] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Payne, Jo Ann] DuPont Co Inc, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Dworatzek, Sandra; Roberts, Jeff] SiREM, Guelph, ON N1G 5G3, Canada. [Acheson, Carolyn; Herrmann, Ronald] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harkness, M (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM harkness@crd.ge.com; angela.fisher@research.ge.com; mlee@terrasystems.net; elizabeth-erin.mack@usa.dupont.com; Jo-Ann.Payne@usa.dupont.com; sdworatzek@siremlab.com; jroberts@siremlab.com; Acheson.Carolyn@epa.gov; Herrmann.Ronald@epa.gov; antonio.possolo@nist.gov FU BBSRC; DTI; Environment Agency; EPSRC; NERC; SERDP (US Department of Defense) FX Project SABRE is being undertaken by a collaborative team comprising: Acetate Products; Archon Environmental; British Geological Survey; Chevron; CL:AIRE: DuPont; Environment Agency (England and Wales), ESI; General Electric; Geosyntec Consultants; Golder Associates; Honeywell; ICI; Scientifics; SiREM: Shell; Terra Systems; University of Edinburgh; University of Sheffield: and US EPA. SABRE is a UK DTI Bioremediation LINK project with specific funding contributions made by BBSRC, DTI, the Environment Agency, EPSRC and NERC. Additional funding has been provided by SERDP (US Department of Defense). The SABRE team gratefully acknowledges these supporting organizations and the in-kind and direct financial contributions made by each team member. The authors also thank Scientific Advisory Panel member Perry McCarty for his helpful suggestions during the study and Mark Fitzgerald of Neptune and Company for his statistical analysis of the total biomass data. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1-4 BP 100 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.01.011 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 926QK UT WOS:000302845800009 PM 22366331 ER PT J AU Tribuzio, CA Kruse, GH AF Tribuzio, C. A. Kruse, G. H. TI Life history characteristics of a lightly exploited stock of Squalus suckleyi SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; fecundity; gestation; Gulf of Alaska; maturity; mortality; reproduction AB The purpose of this study was to examine the basic life history of a lightly exploited stock of Squalus suckleyi in the Gulf of Alaska to establish a baseline for future comparison and to provide critical information for stock assessments. Average total length (total length extended) of females (87.7 cm) was significantly larger (t-test, t = -12.57, d.f. = 1533, P < 0.01) than males (80.3 cm); size at 50% maturity (74.5 and 97.3 cm, males and females, respectively) and age at 50% maturity (21 and 36 years, respectively) were also significantly different between the sexes (i.e. bootstrapped 95% c.i. did not overlap). Total average fecundity was 8.5 pups per female, and individual fecundity was a linear function of either length or whole mass. The best estimate of instantaneous natural mortality was 0.097. The delayed age of maturity, low natural mortality and low rates of reproduction imply that only very low rates of fishing mortality are sustainable. Finally, this paper provides the first reported evidence that a small percentage of the adult females may undergo an extended resting period between pregnancies of =1 years. C1 [Tribuzio, C. A.; Kruse, G. H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Tribuzio, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM cindy.tribuzio@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [345]; Rasmuson Fisheries Research Centre; Alaska Fisheries Science Center through the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research (CIFAR) FX The authors are grateful for funding of this research by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 345), the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Centre, and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Population Dynamics Fellowship through the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research (CIFAR). Thanks go to V. Gallucci, J. Rice, A. Andrews and W. Strasburger for field and laboratory assistance. The authors also acknowledge the National Marine Fisheries Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; chartered vessels and crew of the FVs Kingfisher, Winter King, and Sea View, commercial fishermen in Yakutat, Cordova, and Kasilof; Gauvin and Associates, LLC, and Alaska Pacific, Trident and Yakutat Seafoods for kindly providing sampling opportunities. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 80 IS 5 SI SI BP 1159 EP 1180 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03241.x PG 22 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 924WU UT WOS:000302722800012 PM 22497377 ER PT J AU Mejia-Falla, PA Navia, AF Cortes, E AF Mejia-Falla, P. A. Navia, A. F. Cortes, E. TI Reproductive variables of Urotrygon rogersi (Batoidea: Urotrygonidae): a species with a triannual reproductive cycle in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth size; elasmobranch; fecundity; gestation; maternity; size at maturity AB Reproductive aspects of the round ray Urotrygon rogersi were studied based on 2005 specimens obtained in the artisanal shrimp fishery operating on the Colombian Pacific coast. Females reached greater maximum total length (LT), disc width (WD) and mass (M) (38.0 cm, 19.9 cm and 348 g) than males (32.5 cm, 17.0 cm and 165 g). Sex ratio of juveniles and adults was 1:1. Clasper length increased rapidly between 10.0 and 12.5 cm WD. The smallest mature male measured 10.5 cm WD and the largest immature individual 13.7 cm WD. Male first maturity was reached at 61.8% of maximum WD, and estimated WD50 was between 11.5 and 11.8 cm. The smallest mature female measured 10.5 cm WD; the size at first maturity was 52.8% of maximum WD, and estimated WD50 was between 11.8 and 12.3 cm. Embryos were found in females =10.5 cm WD and maximum fecundity was three embryos per female (mode = 1) and varied with maternal size. Embryos were found in all months, but three birthing peaks per year were identified and a gestation period of 45 months estimated. Based on ovulation time, embryonic growth and parturition dates, a triannual reproductive cycle was inferred for this species, with overlapping ovarian and uterine cycles. These results suggest that U. rogersi has a reproductive strategy based on low fecundity, a rapid reproductive cycle (short ovulation and gestation time), three birth peaks per year and large embryos. This strategy probably allows U. rogersi to withstand the fishing pressure they are subject to on the Colombian Pacific coast. The results also suggest that the study area is an important nursery and reproductive area for this species. C1 [Mejia-Falla, P. A.; Navia, A. F.] Fundac Colombiana Invest & Conservac Tiburones &, Cali, Colombia. [Mejia-Falla, P. A.] Univ Valle, Grp Invest Ecol Arrecifes Coralinos, Dept Biol, Cali 25360, Colombia. [Cortes, E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Mejia-Falla, PA (reprint author), Fundac Colombiana Invest & Conservac Tiburones &, Carrera 79 6-37, Cali, Colombia. EM pmejia@squalus.org OI Navia, Andres Felipe/0000-0002-6758-7729 FU PADI Foundation; Initiative of Endangered Species (IEA); Colciencias-Universidad del Valle [1106-452-21080, RC-258-2008]; Colciencias FX The authors thank F. Zapata for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript, H. Paredes and F. Cuero for their help with fieldwork and specimen capture and members of SQUALUS Foundation for their help in analysis of samples. This study was partially supported by the PADI Foundation, the Initiative of Endangered Species (IEA-Scolarships) and Colciencias-Universidad del Valle (Code: 1106-452-21080, Contract: RC-258-2008). P.A.M. was funded by a scholarship from Colciencias for PhD studies. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 80 IS 5 SI SI BP 1246 EP 1266 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03237.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 924WU UT WOS:000302722800017 PM 22497382 ER PT J AU Williams, GD Andrews, KS Katz, SL Moser, ML Tolimieri, N Farrer, DA Levin, PS AF Williams, G. D. Andrews, K. S. Katz, S. L. Moser, M. L. Tolimieri, N. Farrer, D. A. Levin, P. S. TI Scale and pattern of broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus movement in estuarine embayments SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic telemetry; migration; Pacific Ocean; sexual segregation; site fidelity; Willapa Bay AB The detailed movements of 32 acoustically tagged broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus were documented in and around north-east Pacific Ocean estuarine embayments from 2005 to 2007. Arrangements of passive acoustic receivers allowed analysis of movement at several spatial scales, with sex and size examined as possible factors influencing the pattern and timing of these movements. Notorynchus cepedianus exhibited a distinctly seasonal pattern of estuary use over three consecutive years, entering Willapa Bay in the spring, residing therein for extended periods of time during the summer and dispersing into nearshore coastal habitats and over the continental shelf during the autumn. Notorynchus cepedianus within Willapa Bay showed spatio-temporal patterns of segregation by size and sex, with males and small females using peripheral southern estuary channels early in the season before joining large females, who remained concentrated in central estuary channels for the entire season. Individuals displayed a high degree of fidelity not only to Willapa Bay (63% were documented returning over three consecutive seasons), but also to specific areas within the estuary, showing consistent patterns of site use from year to year. Cross-estuary movement was common during the summer, with most fish also moving into an adjacent estuarine embayment for some extent of time. Most winter and autumn coastal detections of N. cepedianus were made over the continental shelf near Oregon and Washington, U.S.A., but there were also examples of individuals moving into nearshore coastal habitats further south into California, suggesting the feasibility of broad-scale coastal movements to known birthing and nursery grounds for the species. These findings contribute to a better understanding of N. cepedianus movement ecology, which can be used to improve the holistic management of this highly mobile apex predator in regional ecosystems. C1 [Williams, G. D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Andrews, K. S.; Moser, M. L.; Tolimieri, N.; Levin, P. S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Katz, S. L.] Channel Isl Natl Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, CA 93109 USA. [Farrer, D. A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Program, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. RP Williams, GD (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM greg.williams@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 80 IS 5 SI SI BP 1380 EP 1400 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03179.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 924WU UT WOS:000302722800024 PM 22497389 ER PT J AU Courtney, DL Foy, R AF Courtney, D. L. Foy, R. TI Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus trophic ecology in the eastern North Pacific Ocean inferred from nitrogen and carbon stable-isotope ratios and diet SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern Bering Sea; elasmobranch; feeding ecology; Gulf of Alaska; trophic position AB Stable-isotope ratios of nitrogen (delta N-15) and lipid-normalized carbon (delta C-13') were used to examine geographic and ontogenetic variability in the trophic ecology of a high latitude benthopelagic elasmobranch, the Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus. Mean muscle tissue delta C-13' values of S. pacificus differed significantly among geographic regions of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Linear models identified significant ontogenetic and geographic variability in muscle tissue delta N-15 values of S. pacificus. The trophic position of S. pacificus in the eastern North Pacific Ocean estimated here from previously published stomach-content data (4.3) was within the range of S. pacificus trophic position predicted from a linear model of S. pacificus muscle tissue delta N-15 (3.35.7) for fish of the same mean total length (LT; 201.5 cm), but uncertainty in predicted trophic position was very high (95% prediction intervals ranged from 2.9 to 6.4). The relative trophic position of S. pacificus determined here from a literature review of delta N-15 by taxa in the eastern North Pacific Ocean was also lower than would be expected based on stomach-content data alone when compared to fishes, squid and filter feeding whales. Stable-isotope analysis revealed wider variability in the feeding ecology of S. pacificus in the eastern North Pacific Ocean than shown by diet data alone, and expanded previous conclusions drawn from analyses of stomach-content data to regional and temporal scales meaningful for fisheries management. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Courtney, D. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Foy, R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Courtney, DL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM dean.courtney@noaa.gov FU NMFS AFSC ABL; Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center (PCCRC) FX We thank the NMFS AFSC Observer Program, the NMFS AFSC RACE Division and the NMFS AFSC ABL for specimen collections in the EBS, GOA and NSE (respectively). The manuscript benefited from reviews by K. Criddle (UAF School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences), W. Walsh and J. O'Malley (NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center) and two anonymous reviewers. This project was funded by the NMFS AFSC ABL (D. L. C.) and by a grant from the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center (PCCRC) (R. F.) for investigation of by-catch and the ecology of sharks in the Bering Sea. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsements by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 80 IS 5 SI SI BP 1508 EP 1545 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03261.x PG 38 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 924WU UT WOS:000302722800030 PM 22497395 ER PT J AU Carlson, JK Hale, LF Morgan, A Burgess, G AF Carlson, J. K. Hale, L. F. Morgan, A. Burgess, G. TI Relative abundance and size of coastal sharks derived from commercial shark longline catch and effort data SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catch per unit effort; GLM; north-west Atlantic observer; population status AB In the north-west Atlantic Ocean, stock assessments conducted for some commercially harvested coastal sharks indicate declines from 64 to 80% with respect to virgin population levels. While the status of commercially important species is available, abundance trend information for other coastal shark species in the north-west Atlantic Ocean are unavailable. Using a generalized linear modelling (GLM) approach, a relative abundance index was derived from 1994 to 2009 using observer data collected in a commercial bottom longline fishery. Trends in abundance and average size were estimated for bull shark Carcharhinus leucas, spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna, tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier and lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris. Increases in relative abundance for all shark species ranged from 14% for C. brevipinna, 12% for C. leucas, 6% for N. brevirostris and 3% for G. cuvier. There was no significant change in the size at capture over the time period considered for all species. While the status of shark populations should not be based exclusively on abundance trend information, but ultimately on stock assessment models, results from this study provide some cause for optimism on the status of these coastal shark species. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Carlson, J. K.; Hale, L. F.] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Morgan, A.; Burgess, G.] Univ Florida, Florida Program Shark Res, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Dr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 80 IS 5 SI SI BP 1749 EP 1764 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03193.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 924WU UT WOS:000302722800041 PM 22497406 ER PT J AU Ward-Paige, CA Keith, DM Worm, B Lotze, HK AF Ward-Paige, C. A. Keith, D. M. Worm, B. Lotze, H. K. TI Recovery potential and conservation options for elasmobranchs SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fisheries management; habitat restoration; population abundance; sanctuaries; shark conservation AB Many elasmobranchs have experienced strong population declines, which have been largely attributed to the direct and indirect effects of exploitation. Recently, however, live elasmobranchs are being increasingly valued for their role in marine ecosystems, dive tourism and intrinsic worth. Thus, management plans have been implemented to slow and ultimately reverse negative trends, including shark-specific (e.g. anti-finning laws) to ecosystem-based (e.g. no-take marine reserves) strategies. Yet it is unclear how successful these measures are, or will be, given the degree of depletion and slow recovery potential of most elasmobranchs. Here, current understanding of elasmobranch population recoveries is reviewed. The potential and realized extent of population increases, including rates of increase, timelines and drivers are evaluated. Across 40 increasing populations, only 25% were attributed to decreased anthropogenic mortality, while the majority was attributed to predation release. It is also shown that even low exploitation rates (26% per year) can halt or reverse positive population trends in six populations currently managed under recovery plans. Management measures that help restore elasmobranch populations include enforcement or near-zero fishing mortality, protection of critical habitats, monitoring and education. These measures are highlighted in a case study from the south-eastern U.S.A., where some evidence of recovery is seen in Pristis pectinata, Galeocerdo cuvier and Sphyrna lewini populations. It is concluded that recovery of elasmobranchs is certainly possible but requires time and a combination of strong and dedicated management actions to be successful. (C) 2012 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2012 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Ward-Paige, C. A.; Keith, D. M.; Worm, B.; Lotze, H. K.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Ward-Paige, CA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM globalshark@gmail.com FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Lenfest Ocean Program FX We would like to thank A. Magera, G. Britten and J. K. Carlson for sharing their thoughts on the subject, and D. Ricard as well as contributors to the RAM Legacy database for data sharing. Financial support was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada with a grant to H. K. L. and and scholarship to D. M. K., and the Lenfest Ocean Program with a grant to B.W. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 94 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 80 IS 5 SI SI BP 1844 EP 1869 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03246.x PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 924WU UT WOS:000302722800044 PM 22497409 ER PT J AU Copeman, LA Stoner, AW Ottmar, ML Daly, B Parrish, CC Eckert, GL AF Copeman, Louise A. Stoner, Allan W. Ottmar, Michele L. Daly, Benjamin Parrish, Christopher C. Eckert, Ginny L. TI TOTAL LIPIDS, LIPID CLASSES, AND FATTY ACIDS OF NEWLY SETTLED RED KING CRAB (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS): COMPARISON OF HATCHERY-CULTURED AND WILD CRABS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipids; fatty acids; nutrition; molt; red king crab; Paralilhodes candschaticus ID LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; MUD CRAB; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; SCYLLA-SERRATA; LITHODES-SANTOLLA; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; ARTEMIA-NAUPLII; CONDITION INDEX; GROWTH AB Little is known about the nutrition or lipid metabolism of cold-water crabs, particularly in the North Pacific. We undertook a 2-part study to understand more completely the energetics and nutritional requirements of juvenile red king crab (RKC; Paralithodes canusehaticus). First, we investigated changes in proximate composition, total lipids (TLs), lipid classes, and fatty acids (FAs) throughout a molt cycle (C4-C5). Trends in lipid parameters were described by a 3-pari, piecewise linear regression with 3 distinct stages: (I) a postmolt phase (similar to 0-7 days), (2) an intramolt stage (similar to 7-24 days), and (3) a premolt stage (similar to 24-33 days). Significant intramolt differences in TLs indicated that caution should be taken when comparing crabs of unknown molt stage in future aquaculture and ecological experiments. However, little variability was found in the proportional FA composition of crabs, indicating that the intramolt stage has little effect on the interpretation of FA biomarkers. During a second investigation, we examined differences in lipid classes and FAs from cultured and wild RKC. We found significantly higher proportions of the essential fatty acids (EFAs) 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 20:4n-6 (AA) in wild crabs compared with cultured animals at the same stage. Furthermore, higher proportions of bacterial markers and lower proportions of zooplankton FA markers were found in wild than in hatchery-reared crabs. Here, we provide the first baseline data for future dietary studies on juvenile cold-water crabs. We suggest that an initial EFA ratio for DHA:EPA:AA of 5:8:1 could be used as a starting point for controlled dietary studies on the effect of EFAs on juvenile growth, molt success, and survival. C1 [Copeman, Louise A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Stoner, Allan W.; Ottmar, Michele L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, Benjamin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Parrish, Christopher C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Copeman, LA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM copemanl@onid.orst.edu FU NOAA aquaculture; Cooperative Institute for Marine Resource Studies, Oregon State University [NA17RJ1362]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX Sample processing costs and salary for L. C. were provided by a joint NOAA aquaculture and a Cooperative Institute for Marine Resource Studies, Oregon State University grant (no. NA17RJ1362). We are thankful to Miranda Westphal, Jaspri Sylvan, and Melissa Rhodes-Reese at the University of Alaska for the collection and shipment of wild RKCs. We also thank Jim Swingle and Jeff Hetrick of the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery for hatchery logistical support, and Jeff Stephan and Lu Dochterman for helping with broodstock acquisition. Our lipid data were analyzed in partnership with the Core Research Equipment and Instrument Training (CREAIT) Network of Memorial University, Newfoundland, Canada. Partnership funding for lipid analyses was provided through a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant to C. P. We thank Jeanette Wells and Tara Hooper for chromatography of lipid classes and fatty acids on lipid extracts. Thanks also to Scott Haines and Paul Iseri for providing husbandry assistance in the Newport laboratory during the juvenile intramolt study. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.2983/035.031.0119 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800019 ER PT J AU Alin, SR Allen, B Suhrbier, A Davis, J Feely, RA Newton, J Devol, A Sabine, CL Peabody, B Hales, B Eudeline, B Cheney, D Krembs, C AF Alin, Simone R. Allen, Brian Suhrbier, Andrew Davis, Jonathan Feely, Richard A. Newton, Jan Devol, Allan Sabine, Christopher L. Peabody, Betsy Hales, Burke Eudeline, Benoit Cheney, Dan Krembs, Christopher TI WATER CHEMISTRY, LARVAL OYSTERS, AND OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN A COMPLEX, URBANIZED ESTUARY (PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alin, Simone R.; Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Allen, Brian; Peabody, Betsy] Puget Sound Restorat Fund, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Suhrbier, Andrew; Cheney, Dan] Pacific Shellfish Inst, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Davis, Jonathan] Baywater Inc, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Newton, Jan; Devol, Allan] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Eudeline, Benoit] Taylor Shellfish Hatchery, Quilcene, WA 98376 USA. [Krembs, Christopher] Washington Dept Ecol, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 46 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 259 EP 259 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800032 ER PT J AU Bland, B VanBlaricom, G Neuman, M AF Bland, Brianna VanBlaricom, Glenn Neuman, Melissa TI SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT, TIDAL LEVEL, AND DISTANCE BETWEEN NEIGHBORING INDIVIDUALS OF OPPOSITE SEX AFFECT PROBABILITY FOR FERTILIZATION IN SPAWNING BLACK ABALONE (HALIOTIS CRACHERODII LEACH, 1814) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bland, Brianna] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Neuman, Melissa] SW Reg Off, Off Protected Resources, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 262 EP 263 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800045 ER PT J AU Daly, B Eckert, G Stoner, A White, T AF Daly, Benjamin Eckert, Ginny Stoner, Allan White, Timothy TI IN SITU PREDATION AND BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY OF JUVENILE RED KING CRABS (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Daly, Benjamin; Eckert, Ginny] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Stoner, Allan] NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [White, Timothy] Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 273 EP 274 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800084 ER PT J AU Demko, A Milke, L AF Demko, Alyssa Milke, Lisa TI IMPACT OF DIET ON DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN LARVAL EASTERN OYSTERS, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Demko, Alyssa; Milke, Lisa] NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800090 ER PT J AU Fisher, JP AF Fisher, Jeffrey P. TI EXPLORING THE USE OF HABITAT EQUIVALENCY ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE BENEFITS AND IMPACTS OF SHELLFISH FARMING SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fisher, Jeffrey P.] NOAA, NMFS, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 282 EP 283 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800114 ER PT J AU Foy, R Long, WC Swiney, K AF Foy, Robert Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine TI EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON EMBRYO, LARVAE, AND JUVENILE SURVIVAL OF RED KING CRAB (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS) AND TANNER CRAB (CHIONOECETES BAIRDI) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Foy, Robert; Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 284 EP 284 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800120 ER PT J AU Foy, R AF Foy, Robert TI MANAGING WITH UNCERTAINTY IN THE KING AND TANNER CRAB FISHERIES OF THE EASTERN BERING SEA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Foy, Robert] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 284 EP 284 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800119 ER PT J AU Friedman, CS Vadopalas, B Dorfmeier, E Crosson, L Brombacker, S White, S Strenge, R Alin, S Feely, R AF Friedman, Carolyn S. Vadopalas, Brent Dorfmeier, Elene Crosson, Lisa Brombacker, Samantha White, Samuel Strenge, Robyn Alin, Simone Feely, Richard TI EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON THE HEALTH OF WASHINGTON STATE PINTO ABALONE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Friedman, Carolyn S.; Vadopalas, Brent; Dorfmeier, Elene; Crosson, Lisa; Brombacker, Samantha; White, Samuel; Strenge, Robyn] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Alin, Simone; Feely, Richard] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 286 EP 286 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800126 ER PT J AU Galimany, E Dixon, MS Belfodil, D Wikfors, GH AF Galimany, Eve Dixon, Mark S. Belfodil, Daphne Wikfors, Gary H. TI QUANTIFYING THE FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF RIBBED MUSSELS IN LONG ISLAND SOUND FOR POTENTIAL NUTRIENT BIOEXTRACTION USE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Galimany, Eve; Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Belfodil, Daphne] Inst Polytech LaSalle Beauvais, F-60026 Beauvais, Picardie, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800129 ER PT J AU Goldberg, R Mercaldo-Allen, R Clark, P Kuropat, C Rose, J AF Goldberg, Ronald Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Clark, Paul Kuropat, Catherine Rose, Julie TI ECOLOGY OF CLAM BEDS WITH DIFFERENT HYDRAULIC DREDGING HISTORIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldberg, Ronald; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Clark, Paul; Kuropat, Catherine; Rose, Julie] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800141 ER PT J AU Hanif, A Mensinger, M McIntosh, D Estrella, B Goldberg, R Schott, E AF Hanif, Ammar Mensinger, Michael McIntosh, Dennis Estrella, Bruce Goldberg, Ronald Schott, Eric TI ASSEMBLING A PROGRAM TO MONITOR THE PREVALENCE OF PATHOGENS OF THE BLUE CRAB (CALLINCETES SAPIDUS) IN THE NORTHERN LIMIT OF ITS RANGE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hanif, Ammar; Schott, Eric] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Mensinger, Michael] Delaware Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [McIntosh, Dennis] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Estrella, Bruce] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. [Goldberg, Ronald] NOAA, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 293 EP 294 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800153 ER PT J AU Jacobson, L Chute, T Hennen, D AF Jacobson, Larry Chute, Toni Hennen, Daniel TI SURFCLAMS, SPATIAL SCALES AND REMARKABLY SERIOUS PROBLEMS IN AN OTHERWISE WELL MANAGED FISHERY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jacobson, Larry; Chute, Toni; Hennen, Daniel] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 300 EP 300 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800177 ER PT J AU Jensen, PC Morado, JF AF Jensen, Pamela C. Morado, J. Frank TI HEMATODINIUM SPP. IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jensen, Pamela C.; Morado, J. Frank] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800181 ER PT J AU Jewett, L Gledhill, D AF Jewett, Libby Gledhill, Dwight TI OVERVIEW OF THE NOAA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION PROGRAM: FOCUSING ON SHELL FISHERIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jewett, Libby; Gledhill, Dwight] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800182 ER PT J AU Johnson, J Dipippo, L Deangelis, B Gomez-Chiarri, M AF Johnson, Jennifer Dipippo, Lisa Deangelis, Bryan Gomez-Chiarri, Marta TI SIM DATABASE: A DATABASE FOR THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SHELLFISH WILD, RESTORED, AND FARMED POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Jennifer; Dipippo, Lisa; Gomez-Chiarri, Marta] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Deangelis, Bryan] NOAA, NMFS Restorat Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 302 EP 302 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800184 ER PT J AU Kapareiko, D Alix, J Jeffress, D Wikfors, GH AF Kapareiko, Diane Alix, Jennifer Jeffress, Dorothy Wikfors, Gary H. TI EVALUATION OF A BACILLUS SP PROBIOTIC CANDIDATE UPON SURVIVAL OF OYSTER LARVAE (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) DURING PILOT-SCALE TRIALS AND ITS EFFECTS UPON OYSTER HEMOCYTE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kapareiko, Diane; Alix, Jennifer; Jeffress, Dorothy; Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800188 ER PT J AU Langdon, C Evans, F Barton, A Matson, S Stick, D AF Langdon, Chris Evans, Ford Barton, Alan Matson, Sean Stick, David TI THE MOLLUSCAN BROODSTOCK PROGRAM - PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Langdon, Chris; Evans, Ford; Stick, David] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Barton, Alan] Whiskey Creek Hatchery, Netarts, OR 97141 USA. [Matson, Sean] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800204 ER PT J AU Latta, M Cosentino-Manning, N AF Latta, Marilyn Cosentino-Manning, Natalie TI SAN FRANCISCO BAY SUBTIDAL HABITAT GOALS REPORT: SETTING 50 YEAR CONSERVATION GOALS FOR OLYMPIA OYSTER RESEARCH, RESTORATION, AND MANAGEMENT IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Latta, Marilyn] Calif State Coastal Conservancy, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Cosentino-Manning, Natalie] NOAA, Fisheries Restorat Ctr, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 310 EP 310 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800210 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, K Frame, E Kendrick, P Farin, F Bammler, T Beyer, R Hansen, J Marcinek, D AF Lefebvre, Kathi Frame, Elizabeth Kendrick, Preston Farin, Fred Bammler, Theo Beyer, Richard Hansen, John Marcinek, David TI A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR CHRONIC DOMOIC ACID EXPOSURE IDENTIFIED IN A ZEBRAFISH MODEL AND VALIDATED IN SEA LIONS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi; Frame, Elizabeth; Kendrick, Preston] NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Farin, Fred; Bammler, Theo; Beyer, Richard; Marcinek, David] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hansen, John] USGS, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800213 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Hegaret, H Wikfors, GH AF Li, Yaqin Hegaret, Helene Wikfors, Gary H. TI PROTEIN PROFILES OF PARASITE INFECTED MANILA CLAMS RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM EXPOSED TO THE HARMFUL ALGA KARENIA SELLIFORMIS AS REVEALED BY PROTEINCHIP (R) AND SELDI-TOF-MS PROTEOMIC TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Yaqin; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Hegaret, Helene] IUEM, UMR6539, UBO, CNRS,IRD, F-29280 Brest, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800217 ER PT J AU Lowe, V AF Lowe, Vanessa TI LUMPY BUMPY THE SEA STAR: REVISITING AN INTERNAL MOLLUSCAN PARASITE OF SEA STARS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lowe, Vanessa] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800230 ER PT J AU McElhany, P Busch, DS AF McElhany, Paul Busch, D. Shallin TI ECOREGION VARIATION IN CARBON CHEMISTRY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SHELLFISH OCEAN ACIDIFICATION EXPERIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McElhany, Paul; Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 320 EP 320 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800247 ER PT J AU McGraw, KA AF McGraw, Kay A. TI WHAT'S NEW WITH OLYMPIA OYSTERS? AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SESSION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McGraw, Kay A.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 321 EP 321 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800250 ER PT J AU Newton, J Devol, A Alford, M Mickett, J Sabine, C Sutton, A AF Newton, Jan Devol, Allan Alford, Matthew Mickett, John Sabine, Chris Sutton, Adrienne TI NANOOS CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNDERSTANDING OCEAN ACIDIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Newton, Jan; Devol, Allan; Alford, Matthew; Mickett, John] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Sabine, Chris; Sutton, Adrienne] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015 OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 327 EP 327 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800270 ER PT J AU Rosa, M Shumway, SE Buillard, SG Holohan, BA Wikfors, GH Getchis, T AF Rosa, Maria Shumway, Sandra E. Buillard, Stephen G. Holohan, Bridget A. Wikfors, Gary H. Getchis, Tessa TI BIOFOULING TUNICATES ON AQUACULTURE GEAR AS POTENTIAL VECTORS OF HARMFUL ALGAL INTRODUCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosa, Maria; Shumway, Sandra E.; Holohan, Bridget A.; Getchis, Tessa] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Buillard, Stephen G.] Univ Hartford, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 341 EP 342 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800319 ER PT J AU Rosa, M Ward, JE Shumway, SS Wikfors, GH Pales-Espinosa, E Allam, B AF Rosa, Maria Ward, J. Evan Shumway, Sandra S. Wikfors, Gary H. Pales-Espinosa, Emmanuelle Allam, Bassem TI THE ROLE OF PARTICLE SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS IN PARTICLE CAPTURE IN BIVALVE MOLLUSCS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosa, Maria; Ward, J. Evan; Shumway, Sandra S.] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Pales-Espinosa, Emmanuelle; Allam, Bassem] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 342 EP 342 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800320 ER PT J AU Strom, M Moore, S Paranjpye, R Trainer, V Turner, J Nilsson, W Yanagida, G AF Strom, Mark Moore, Stephanie Paranjpye, Rohinee Trainer, Vera Turner, Jeff Nilsson, William Yanagida, Gladys TI SHELLFISH SAFETY: DEVELOPING AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR BIOTOXINS AND PATHOGENS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strom, Mark; Moore, Stephanie; Paranjpye, Rohinee; Trainer, Vera; Turner, Jeff; Nilsson, William; Yanagida, Gladys] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800349 ER PT J AU Trainer, VL Eberhart, BTL Moore, L Baugh, K O'Rourke, L Borchert, J Cox, F AF Trainer, Vera L. Bich-Thuy Le Eberhart Moore, Leslie Baugh, Keni O'Rourke, Lohna Borchert, Jerry Cox, Frank TI DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH TOXINS IN WASHINGTON STATE: A NEW THREAT TO THE SHELLFISH INDUSTRY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trainer, Vera L.; Bich-Thuy Le Eberhart; Moore, Leslie; Baugh, Keni] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [O'Rourke, Lohna] Jamestown SKlallam Tribe, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Borchert, Jerry; Cox, Frank] Washington State Dept Hlth, Tumwater, WA 98501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800363 ER PT J AU Vanderploeg, HA Pothoven, SA Fahnenstiel, GL Rutherford, ES Nalepa, TF Liebig, JR Cavaletto, JF AF Vanderploeg, Henry A. Pothoven, Steven A. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Rutherford, Edward S. Nalepa, Thomas F. Liebig, James R. Cavaletto, Joann F. TI CASCADING ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS OF DREISSENID MUSSELS IN THE GREAT LAKES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Pothoven, Steven A.; Fahnenstiel, Gary L.; Rutherford, Edward S.; Nalepa, Thomas F.; Liebig, James R.; Cavaletto, Joann F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 28 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800367 ER PT J AU Wang, S Neuman, M AF Wang, Susan Neuman, Melissa TI BUILDING A ROADMAP TO RECOVERY FOR THE ENDANGERED BLACK ABALONE (HALIOTIS CRACHERODII). SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Susan; Neuman, Melissa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 357 EP 358 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800374 ER PT J AU Widman, JC Milke, L Cohen, A McCorkle, DC AF Widman, James C., Jr. Milke, Lisa Cohen, Anne McCorkle, Daniel C. TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED pCO2 p ON ATLANTIC SURFCLAM, SPISULA SOLIDISSMA, LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Widman, James C., Jr.; Milke, Lisa] NOAA Fisheries Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Cohen, Anne; McCorkle, Daniel C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 926QU UT WOS:000302846800383 ER PT J AU Shaviv, R Harm, GJ Kumari, S Keller, RR Read, DT AF Shaviv, Roey Harm, Gregory J. Kumari, Sangita Keller, Robert R. Read, David T. TI Electromigration of Cu interconnects under AC and DC test conditions SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Electromigration; Interconnect reliability ID FILMS AB Electromigration (EM) of a dual damascene, test vehicle was measured using direct current (DC), alternating current (AC) followed by DC, and three rectangular-wave DC stressing conditions at 598 K. In some of the experiments samples were allowed to cool to room temperature between the 598 K stress cycles. We find that that only net DC time at test has a significant effect on time to fail. AC stressing for one week at 2.5 MA/cm(2) prior to DC stressing to EM failure had no effect on the EM performance. A similar result is obtained with various DC and thermal cycling conditions. Thermal history of the EM test samples, and in particular cooling to room temperature, has no effect on EM lifetime. All tests, regardless of thermal history and current cycling conditions, resulted in statistically similar times to fail and distributions of those times. We conclude that the standard test methodologies, using accelerated DC stress conditions at elevated temperatures, are adequate. Since only the net DC stress time had any measurable effect on EM lifetime, the use of accelerated testing provides a good predictor for lifetime expectations under operating conditions. We also conclude that neither low current density AC stressing nor DC cycling, and associated changes to grain structure that may result, provide any measurable benefit to EM lifetime. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shaviv, Roey; Harm, Gregory J.; Kumari, Sangita] Novellus Syst Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Keller, Robert R.; Read, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaviv, R (reprint author), Novellus Syst Inc, 4000 N 1st St, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. EM Roey.Shaviv@Novellus.com RI Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX The authors thank the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for support. This manuscript is a partial contribution of the US Department of Commerce, and is not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. We also acknowledge the contribution Jinyan Wang of Novellus, in conducting some of the EM testing, Tom Mountsier and Girish Dixit, also of Novellus, for useful discussions and for their support of this project. We also acknowledge the personnel of the Novellus Customer Integration Center (CIC), and in particular Surinder Grewal, for preparing the test samples. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD APR PY 2012 VL 92 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2011.05.014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 929SB UT WOS:000303084700026 ER PT J AU Beasley-Green, A Bunk, D Rudnick, P Kilpatrick, L Phinney, K AF Beasley-Green, Ashley Bunk, David Rudnick, Paul Kilpatrick, Lisa Phinney, Karen TI A proteomics performance standard to support measurement quality in proteomics SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Liquid chromatography-tandem MS; Quality control material; Reference material; Technology ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; YEAST; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The emergence of MS-based proteomic platforms as a prominent technology utilized in biochemical and biomedical research has increased the need for high-quality MS measurements. To address this need, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference material (RM) 8323 yeast protein extract is introduced as a proteomics quality control material for benchmarking the preanalytical and analytical performance of proteomics-based experimental workflows. RM 8323 yeast protein extract is based upon the well-characterized eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae and can be utilized in the design and optimization of proteomics-based methodologies from sample preparation to data analysis. To demonstrate its utility as a proteomics quality control material, we coupled LC-MS/MS measurements of RM 8323 with the NIST MS Quality Control (MSQC) performance metrics to quantitatively assess the LC-MS/MS instrumentation parameters that influence measurement accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility. Due to the complexity of the yeast proteome, we also demonstrate how NIST RM 8323, along with the NIST MSQC performance metrics, can be used in the evaluation and optimization of proteomics-based sample preparation methods. C1 [Beasley-Green, Ashley; Bunk, David; Rudnick, Paul; Kilpatrick, Lisa; Phinney, Karen] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beasley-Green, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ashley.beasley@nist.gov FU National Cancer Institute (NCI) Clinical Proteomics Technology Assessment for Cancer Initiative FX Partial support for the project was funded through an interagency agreement with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Clinical Proteomics Technology Assessment for Cancer Initiative. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD APR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 7 BP 923 EP 931 DI 10.1002/pmic.201100522 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 929IA UT WOS:000303053300001 PM 22522798 ER PT J AU Cui, B Toth, Z Zhu, YJ Hou, DC AF Cui, Bo Toth, Zoltan Zhu, Yuejian Hou, Dingchen TI Bias Correction for Global Ensemble Forecast SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; ERROR; NCEP AB The main task of this study is to introduce a statistical postprocessing algorithm to reduce the bias in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) ensemble forecasts before they are merged to form a joint ensemble within the North American Ensemble Forecast System (NAEFS). This statistical postprocessing method applies a Kalman filter type algorithm to accumulate the decaying averaging bias and produces bias-corrected ensembles for 35 variables. NCEP implemented this bias-correction technique in 2006. NAEFS is a joint operational multimodel ensemble forecast system that combines NCEP and MSC ensemble forecasts after bias correction. According to operational statistical verification, both the NCEP and MSC bias-corrected ensemble forecast products are enhanced significantly. In addition to the operational calibration technique, three other experiments were designed to assess and mitigate ensemble biases on the model grid: a decaying averaging bias calibration method with short samples, a climate mean bias calibration method, and a bias calibration method using dependent data. Preliminary results show that the decaying averaging method works well for the first few days. After removing the decaying averaging bias, the calibrated NCEP operational ensemble has improved probabilistic performance for all measures until day 5. The reforecast ensembles from the Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division with and without the climate mean bias correction were also examined. A comparison between the operational and the bias-corrected reforecast ensembles shows that the climate mean bias correction can add value, especially for week-2 probability forecasts. C1 [Cui, Bo] NOAA NWS NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Toth, Zoltan] NOAA ESRL Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cui, B (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, IM Syst Grp, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM bo.cui@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 FU NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division; CMC; NCEP FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of Jeff Whitaker (NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division), Tom Hamill (NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division), Richard Verret (CMC), and Richard Wobus (NCEP). This study would have been much more difficult without their assistance. We also thank Mary Hart (NCEP) for editing our English. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 396 EP 410 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00011.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928GF UT WOS:000302970500009 ER PT J AU Kossin, JP Sitkowski, M AF Kossin, James P. Sitkowski, Matthew TI Predicting Hurricane Intensity and Structure Changes Associated with Eyewall Replacement Cycles SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Eyewall replacement cycles are commonly observed in tropical cyclones and are well known to cause fluctuations in intensity and wind structure. These fluctuations are often large and rapid and pose a significant additional challenge to intensity forecasting, yet there is presently no objective operational guidance available to forecasters that targets, quantifies, and predicts these fluctuations. Here the authors introduce new statistical models that are based on a recently documented climatology of intensity and structure changes associated with eyewall replacement cycles in Atlantic Ocean hurricanes. The model input comprises environmental features and satellite-derived features that contain information on storm cloud structure. The models predict the amplitude and timing of the intensity fluctuations, as well as the fluctuations of the wind structure, and can provide real-time operational objective guidance to forecasters. C1 [Kossin, James P.; Sitkowski, Matthew] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sitkowski, Matthew] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM james.kossin@noaa.gov RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU NOAA through the USWRP Joint Hurricane Testbed; National Climatic Data Center FX This work is funded by NOAA through the USWRP Joint Hurricane Testbed and the National Climatic Data Center. The authors are grateful to Mark DeMaria and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00106.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928GF UT WOS:000302970500016 ER PT J AU Li, J Liu, CY Zhang, P Schmit, TJ AF Li, Jun Liu, Chian-Yi Zhang, Peng Schmit, Timothy J. TI Applications of Full Spatial Resolution Space-Based Advanced Infrared Soundings in the Preconvection Environment SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL; MODIS; AIRS; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; PARAMETERS; SOUNDER; SURFACE; FUTURE AB Advanced infrared (IR) sounders such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) provide atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles with high vertical resolution and high accuracy in preconvection environments. The derived atmospheric stability indices such as convective available potential energy (CAPE) and lifted index (Li) from advanced IR soundings can provide critical information 1 - 6 h before the development of severe convective storms. Three convective storms are selected for the evaluation of applying AIRS full spatial resolution soundings and the derived products on providing warning information in the preconvection environments. In the first case, the AIRS full spatial resolution soundings revealed local extremely high atmospheric instability 3 h ahead of the convection on the leading edge of a frontal system, while the second case demonstrates that the extremely high atmospheric instability is associated with the local development of severe thunderstorm in the following hours. The third case is a local severe storm that occurred on 7-8 August 2010 in Zhou Qu, China, which caused more than 1400 deaths and left another 300 or more people missing. The AIRS full spatial resolution LI product shows the atmospheric instability 3.5 h before the storm genesis. The CAPE and LI from AIRS full spatial resolution and operational AIRS/AMSU soundings along with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder derived product image (DPI) products were analyzed and compared. Case studies show that full spatial resolution AIRS retrievals provide more useful warning information in the preconvection environments for determining favorable locations for convective initiation (CI) than do the coarser spatial resolution operational soundings and lower spectral resolution GOES Sounder retrievals. C1 [Li, Jun; Liu, Chian-Yi] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Chian-Yi] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli, Taiwan. [Liu, Chian-Yi] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli, Taiwan. [Zhang, Peng] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Inst Satellite Meteorol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Adv Satellite Prod Team, Madison, WI USA. RP Liu, CY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, 300 Zhongda Rd, Tao Yuan 320, Taiwan. EM cyliu@csrsr.ncu.edu.tw RI Liu, Chian-Yi/B-1898-2015; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Liu, Chian-Yi/0000-0003-1725-4405; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU NOAA [NA06NES4400002]; 863 Program [2009AA12Z150] FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. The authors thank Drs. Jinlong Li, Danyu Qin, Elisabeth Weisz, and Zhenglong Li for processing the AIRS, MODIS, and FengYun-2 data. CYL appreciates three anonymous reviewers' valuable suggestions and comments to make this manuscript a giant improvement from its early version. This study is partly supported by NOAA Grant NA06NES4400002 and 863 Program 2009AA12Z150. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05057.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928GF UT WOS:000302970500019 ER PT J AU Brown, RA Wood, VT AF Brown, Rodger A. Wood, Vincent T. TI The Tornadic Vortex Signature: An Update SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER-RADAR OBSERVATIONS; RESOLUTION; VORTICES; KANSAS; MOBILE AB A tornadic vortex signature (TVS) is a degraded Doppler velocity signature of a tornado that occurs when the core region of a tornado is smaller than the half-power beamwidth of the sampling Doppler radar. Soon after the TVS was discovered in the mid-1970s, simulations were conducted to verify that the signature did indeed represent a tornado. The simulations, which used a uniform reflectivity distribution across a Rankine vortex model, indicated that the extreme positive and negative Doppler velocity values of the signature should be separated by about one half-power beamwidth regardless of tornado size or strength. For a Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) with an effective half-power beamwidth of approximately 1.4 degrees and data collected at 1.0 degrees azimuthal intervals, the two extreme Doppler velocity values should be separated by 1.0 degrees. However, with the recent advent of 0.5 degrees azimuthal sampling ("superresolution") by WSR-88Ds at lower elevation angles, some of the extreme Doppler velocity values unexpectedly were found to be separated by 0.5 degrees instead of 1.0 degrees azimuthal intervals. To understand this dilemma, the choice of vortex model and reflectivity profile is investigated. It is found that the choice of vortex model does not have a significant effect on the simulation results. However, using a reflectivity profile with a minimum at the vortex center does make a difference. The revised simulations indicate that it is possible for the distance between the peak Doppler velocity values of a TVS to be separated by 0.5 degrees with superresolution data collection. C1 [Brown, Rodger A.; Wood, Vincent T.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rodger.brown@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00111.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928GF UT WOS:000302970500020 ER PT J AU Marsh, PT Kain, JS Lakshmanan, V Clark, AJ Hitchens, NM Hardy, J AF Marsh, Patrick T. Kain, John S. Lakshmanan, Valliappa Clark, Adam J. Hitchens, Nathan M. Hardy, Jill TI A Method for Calibrating Deterministic Forecasts of Rare Events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PROBABILISTIC PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; WRF MODEL; ENSEMBLES; VERIFICATION; GENERATION; RESOLUTION; NWP AB Convection-allowing models offer forecasters unique insight into convective hazards relative to numerical models using parameterized convection. However, methods to best characterize the uncertainty of guidance derived from convection-allowing models are still unrefined. This paper proposes a method of deriving calibrated probabilistic forecasts of rare events from deterministic forecasts by fitting a parametric kernel density function to the model's historical spatial error characteristics. This kernel density function is then applied to individual forecast fields to produce probabilistic forecasts. C1 [Marsh, Patrick T.; Kain, John S.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Clark, Adam J.; Hitchens, Nathan M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Marsh, Patrick T.; Hardy, Jill] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Marsh, Patrick T.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Clark, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Marsh, PT (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM patrick.marsh@noaa.gov OI Hitchens, Nathan/0000-0003-4659-111X FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX This work is a portion of the first author's (PTM) Ph.D. dissertation research under the supervision of the second author (JSK) and was funded by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors would like to acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that strengthened the paper. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 531 EP 538 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00074.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928GF UT WOS:000302970500021 ER PT J AU Simmons, JM Yildirim, T Hamaed, A Antonelli, DM Webb, MI Walsby, CJ AF Simmons, Jason M. Yildirim, Taner Hamaed, Ahmad Antonelli, David M. Webb, Michael I. Walsby, Charles J. TI Direct Observation of Activated Hydrogen Binding to a Supported Organometallic Compound at Room Temperature SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; dihydrogen compounds; hydrogen storage; neutron scattering ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; TI(III) IONS; STORAGE; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; SCATTERING; CATALYSTS; FRAGMENTS; ETHYLENE; ZEOLITE C1 [Simmons, Jason M.; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hamaed, Ahmad; Antonelli, David M.] Univ Windsor, Dept Chem & Biochem, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Antonelli, David M.] Univ Glamorgan, Sustainable Environm Res Ctr, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, M Glam, Wales. [Webb, Michael I.; Walsby, Charles J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Simmons, JM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.simmons@nist.gov; taner@nist.gov RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 FU DOE BES [DE-FG02-98ER45701]; National Research Council FX This work was supported by DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45701. Work by J.M.S. was partially supported by the National Research Council. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 14 BP 4170 EP 4173 DI 10.1002/chem.201102658 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 916CF UT WOS:000302073700005 PM 22392791 ER PT J AU Pendleton, L Mohn, C Vaughn, RK King, P Zoulas, JG AF Pendleton, Linwood Mohn, Craig Vaughn, Ryan K. King, Philip Zoulas, James G. TI SIZE MATTERS: THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF BEACH EROSION AND NOURISHMENT IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB Despite the widespread use of nourishment in California, few studies estimate the welfare benefits of increased beach width. This paper relies on panel data funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other agencies. Beach choices of respondents were combined with beach attribute data to reveal how changes in width affect choice and the economic value of beach visits. We use a random-utility approach to show that the value of beach width varies for different types of beach uses: water contact, sand-, and pavement-based activities. We also find that the marginal value of beach width depends on initial beach width. (JEL Q50) C1 [Pendleton, Linwood] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Pendleton, Linwood] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mohn, Craig] Cascade Econometr, Sammamish, WA 98075 USA. [Vaughn, Ryan K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Econ, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [King, Philip] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Econ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Zoulas, James G.] USA, Corps Engn, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Pendleton, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM pendleton@duke.edu; craigmohn@earthlink.net; rkvaughn@ucla.edu; pking@sfsu.edu; James.G.Zoulas@usace.army.mil NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD APR PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2011.00257.x PG 15 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 923HN UT WOS:000302610500006 ER PT J AU Owejan, JP Gagliardo, JJ Harris, SJ Wang, H Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Owejan, Jon P. Gagliardo, Jeffrey J. Harris, Stephen J. Wang, Howard Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. TI Direct measurement of lithium transport in graphite electrodes using neutrons SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Lithium; Battery; Intercalation; Graphite; Transport; Neutron ID ION BATTERIES; RADIOGRAPHY; CAPACITY; CELL AB Lithium intercalation into graphite electrodes is widely studied, but few direct in situ diagnostic methods exist. Such diagnostic methods are desired to probe the influence of factors such as charge rate, electrode structure and solid electrolyte interphase layer transport resistance as they relate to lithium-ion battery performance and durability. In this work, we present a continuous measurement of through-plane lithium distributions in a composite graphite/lithium metal electrochemical cell. Capacity change in a thick graphite electrode was measured during several charge/discharge cycles with high resolution (14 mu m) neutron imaging. A custom test fixture and a method for quantifying lithium are described. The measured lithium distribution within the graphite electrode is given as a function of state of charge. Bulk transport resistance is considered by comparing intercalation rates through the thickness of the electrode near the separator and current collector. The residual lithium content associated with irreversible capacity loss that results from cycling is also measured. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Owejan, Jon P.; Gagliardo, Jeffrey J.; Harris, Stephen J.] Gen Motors Electrochem Energy Res Lab, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. [Wang, Howard] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Owejan, JP (reprint author), Gen Motors Electrochem Energy Res Lab, 10 Carriage St, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. EM jon.owejan@gm.com FU NIST ARRA [60NANB10D027] FX This work was supported by NIST ARRA grant number 60NANB10D027. The authors thank Jeanette Owejan, Matthew Dioguardi, and Robert Moses from the General Motors Electrochemical Energy Research Lab; and Eli Baltic from the NIST Physical Measurement Lab. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2012 VL 66 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.047 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 921BB UT WOS:000302451900014 ER PT J AU Miehls, ALJ Peacor, SD McAdam, AG AF Miehls, Andrea L. J. Peacor, Scott D. McAdam, Andrew G. TI Genetic and maternal effects on tail spine and body length in the invasive spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus) SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE clonal analysis; heritability; invasive species; Lake Michigan; maternal effects; quantitative genetics; variation; zooplankton ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; LAKE-MICHIGAN; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; PREDATORY CLADOCERANS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; SPECIES INVASIONS; SEXUAL SELECTION; RANGE EXPANSION AB Interest in the evolution of invasive species has grown in recent years, yet few studies have investigated sources of variation in invasive species traits experiencing natural selection. The spiny water flea, Bythotrephes longimanus, is an invasive zooplankton in the Great Lakes that exhibits seasonal changes in tail spine and body length consistent with natural selection. Evolution of Bythotrephes traits, however, depends on the presence and magnitude of quantitative genetic variation, which could change within or across years. Clonal analysis of wild-captured Bythotrephes indicated that variance components for distal spine length were variable among but not within years. Spine length was always heritable but was not always influenced by maternal effects. In contrast, variance components for body length varied both within and among years, but likewise body length was always heritable and not always influenced by maternal effects. Results indicate that important Bythotrephes traits have heritable variation comparable to native species and other invasive species that would enable an evolutionary response to natural selection. This evolutionary capacity could contribute to the widespread success and dramatic effects of Bythotrephes invasion in systems with diverse biotic and abiotic conditions. C1 [Miehls, Andrea L. J.; Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Miehls, Andrea L. J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [McAdam, Andrew G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Miehls, ALJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jaegeran@msu.edu RI McAdam, Andrew/G-1802-2010 OI McAdam, Andrew/0000-0001-7323-2572 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; National Science Foundation [DEB-0089809]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [FP91698801-0]; Michigan State University AgBioResearch FX We thank the McAdam Lab, Doug Schemske and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Doran Mason, Dennis Donahue, Steven Pothoven, and the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and NOAA Lake Michigan Field Station offered research vessels and field support staff. Keali Chambers, Brittany Damschroder, Jason Fischer, Brittany Gunther, Nicole Hedquist, Lydia Kramer, Ian McCririe, Scott Miehls, Jennifer Pellegrini, Veronica Quesnell, Andria Salas, Ben Staton, Marie Stevenson and Brandon Vieder helped to collect data. Natalie Kim, Kevin Pangle, Kim Schulz and Peder Yurista provided valuable help with Bythotrephes culturing protocols. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, the National Science Foundation (DEB-0089809), and an EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) fellowship (STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. FP91698801-0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). This work has not been formally reviewed by the EPA, and the views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors. SDP acknowledges support from Michigan State University AgBioResearch. This is contribution number 1603 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD APR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 306 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00221.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 920IE UT WOS:000302396700008 PM 25568050 ER PT J AU Held, IM Shell, KM AF Held, Isaac M. Shell, Karen M. TI Using Relative Humidity as a State Variable in Climate Feedback Analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPOSPHERIC ADJUSTMENT; ATMOSPHERE AB An approach to climate change feedback analysis is described in which tropospheric relative humidity replaces specific humidity as the state variable that, along with the temperature structure, surface albedos, and clouds, controls the magnitude of the response of global mean surface temperature to a radiative forcing. Despite being simply a regrouping of terms in the feedback analysis, this alternative perspective has the benefit of removing most of the pervasive cancellation between water and lapse-rate feedbacks seen in models. As a consequence, the individual feedbacks have less scatter than in the traditional formulation. The role of cloud feedbacks in controlling climate sensitivity is also reflected more clearly in the new formulation. C1 [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Shell, Karen M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Held, IM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM isaac.held@noaa.gov RI Shell, Karen/C-5161-2009 OI Shell, Karen/0000-0002-9059-6842 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0904092] FX The authors thank Mike Winton and Tim Merlis for helpful comments on an earlier draft. KMS was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0904092. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2578 EP 2582 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00721.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925UN UT WOS:000302787300002 ER PT J AU Deser, C Phillips, AS Tomas, RA Okumura, YM Alexander, MA Capotondi, A Scott, JD Kwon, YO Ohba, M AF Deser, Clara Phillips, Adam S. Tomas, Robert A. Okumura, Yuko M. Alexander, Michael A. Capotondi, Antonietta Scott, James D. Kwon, Young-Oh Ohba, Masamichi TI ENSO and Pacific Decadal Variability in the Community Climate System Model Version 4 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TRANSIENT ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MIDLATITUDE SST ANOMALIES; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO AB This study presents an overview of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and Pacific decadal variability (PDV) simulated in a multicentury preindustrial control integration of the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) at nominal 1 degrees latitude-longitude resolution. Several aspects of ENSO are improved in CCSM4 compared to its predecessor CCSM3, including the lengthened period (3-6 yr), the larger range of amplitude and frequency of events, and the longer duration of La Nina compared to El Nino. However, the overall magnitude of ENSO in CCSM4 is overestimated by similar to 30%. The simulated ENSO exhibits characteristics consistent with the delayed/recharge oscillator paradigm, including correspondence between the lengthened period and increased latitudinal width of the anomalous equatorial zonal wind stress. Global seasonal atmospheric teleconnections with accompanying impacts on precipitation and temperature are generally well simulated, although the wintertime deepening of the Aleutian low erroneously persists into spring. The vertical structure of the upper-ocean temperature response to ENSO in the north and south Pacific displays a realistic seasonal evolution, with notable asymmetries between warm and cold events. The model shows evidence of atmospheric circulation precursors over the North Pacific associated with the "seasonal footprinting mechanism,'' similar to observations. Simulated PDV exhibits a significant spectral peak around 15 yr, with generally realistic spatial pattern and magnitude. However, PDV linkages between the tropics and extratropics are weaker than observed. C1 [Deser, Clara; Phillips, Adam S.; Tomas, Robert A.; Okumura, Yuko M.] NCAR, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Capotondi, Antonietta; Scott, James D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kwon, Young-Oh] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ohba, Masamichi] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Abiko, Chiba, Japan. RP Deser, C (reprint author), NCAR, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM cdeser@ucar.edu RI Okumura, Yuko/A-9742-2012; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Kwon, Young-Oh/C-2190-2008; Ohba, Masamichi/A-1446-2012 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Kwon, Young-Oh/0000-0002-1241-2817; Ohba, Masamichi/0000-0001-6221-554X FU WHOI; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments. M. Alexander, A. Capotondi, and J. Scott's participation was supported by a grant from the NSF Climate and Large-scale Dynamics Program. Y.-O. Kwon gratefully acknowledges support from a WHOI Heyman fellowship and a grant from the NSF Climate and Large-scale Dynamics Program. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 93 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 67 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2622 EP 2651 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00301.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925UN UT WOS:000302787300005 ER PT J AU de Boer, G Chapman, W Kay, JE Medeiros, B Shupe, MD Vavrus, S Walsh, J AF de Boer, Gijs Chapman, William Kay, Jennifer E. Medeiros, Brian Shupe, Matthew D. Vavrus, Steve Walsh, John TI A Characterization of the Present-Day Arctic Atmosphere in CCSM4 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; CLOUD PROPERTIES; COUPLED MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; REANALYSIS; SHEBA; OCEAN; RETRIEVALS AB Simulation of key features of the Arctic atmosphere in the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) is evaluated against observational and reanalysis datasets for the present-day (1981-2005). Surface air temperature, sea level pressure, cloud cover and phase, precipitation and evaporation, the atmospheric energy budget, and lower-tropospheric stability are evaluated. Simulated surface air temperatures are found to be slightly too cold when compared with the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40). Spatial patterns and temporal variability are well simulated. Evaluation of the sea level pressure demonstrates some large biases, most noticeably an under simulation of the Beaufort High during spring and autumn. Monthly Arctic-wide biases of up to 13 mb are reported. Cloud cover is underpredicted for all but summer months, and cloud phase is demonstrated to be different from observations. Despite low cloud cover, simulated all-sky liquid water paths are too high, while ice water path was generally too low. Precipitation is found to be excessive over much of the Arctic compared to ERA-40 and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) estimates. With some exceptions, evaporation is well captured by CCSM4, resulting in P - E estimates that are too high. CCSM4 energy budget terms show promising agreement with estimates from several sources. The most noticeable exception to this is the top of the atmosphere (TOA) fluxes that are found to be too low while surface fluxes are found to be too high during summer months. Finally, the lower troposphere is found to be too stable when compared to ERA-40 during all times of year but particularly during spring and summer months. C1 [de Boer, Gijs] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Boer, Gijs; Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Boer, Gijs; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Chapman, William] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Kay, Jennifer E.; Medeiros, Brian] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Vavrus, Steve] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. [Walsh, John] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP de Boer, G (reprint author), R-PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM gijs.deboer@noaa.gov RI Kay, Jennifer/C-6042-2012; Medeiros, Brian/A-3695-2009; de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Medeiros, Brian/0000-0003-2188-4784; de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [ARC-0628910, ARC1023366]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231, ARC0632187]; DOE [DE-FG02-05ER63965] FX This research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Climate and Earth System Modeling Program. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. Bluefire, a 4064-processor IBM Power6 resource with a peak of 77 TeraFLOPS provided more than 7.5 million computing hours, the GLADE high-speed disk resources provided 0.4 PetaBytes of dedicated disk, and CISL's 12-PB HPSS archive provided over 1 PetaByte of storage in support of this research project Additionally, we thank Marika Holland, Cecile Hannay, Gary Strand, and the NCAR Data Analysis and Visualization Services Group (DASG) for their help with analyzing CCSM4 results. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. LBNL is managed by the University of California under U.S. DOE Grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. S.V. would like to acknowledge NSF Grant ARC-0628910. M. S. was supported by NSF Project ARC0632187 and DOE Project DE-FG02-05ER63965. G.B. also acknowledges support from NSF grant ARC1023366. NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2676 EP 2695 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00228.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925UN UT WOS:000302787300007 ER PT J AU Delworth, TL Rosati, A Anderson, W Adcroft, AJ Balaji, V Benson, R Dixon, K Griffies, SM Lee, HC Pacanowski, RC Vecchi, GA Wittenberg, AT Zeng, FR Zhang, R AF Delworth, Thomas L. Rosati, Anthony Anderson, Whit Adcroft, Alistair J. Balaji, V. Benson, Rusty Dixon, Keith Griffies, Stephen M. Lee, Hyun-Chul Pacanowski, Ronald C. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Zeng, Fanrong Zhang, Rong TI Simulated Climate and Climate Change in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; SEA-ICE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; OCEAN MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PART I; ENSO; VARIABILITY AB The authors present results for simulated climate and climate change from a newly developed high-resolution global climate model [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.5 (GFDL CM2.5)]. The GFDL CM2.5 has an atmospheric resolution of approximately 50 km in the horizontal, with 32 vertical levels. The horizontal resolution in the ocean ranges from 28 km in the tropics to 8 km at high latitudes, with 50 vertical levels. This resolution allows the explicit simulation of some mesoscale eddies in the ocean, particularly at lower latitudes. Analyses are presented based on the output of a 280-yr control simulation; also presented are results based on a 140-yr simulation in which atmospheric CO2 increases at 1% yr(-1) until doubling after 70 yr. Results are compared to GFDL CM2.1, which has somewhat similar physics but a coarser resolution. The simulated climate in CM2.5 shows marked improvement over many regions, especially the tropics, including a reduction in the double ITCZ and an improved simulation of ENSO. Regional precipitation features are much improved. The Indian monsoon and Amazonian rainfall are also substantially more realistic in CM2.5. The response of CM2.5 to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 has many features in common with CM2.1, with some notable differences. For example, rainfall changes over the Mediterranean appear to be tightly linked to topography in CM2.5, in contrast to CM2.1 where the response is more spatially homogeneous. In addition, in CM2.5 the near-surface ocean warms substantially in the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean, in contrast to simulations using CM2.1. C1 [Delworth, Thomas L.; Rosati, Anthony; Anderson, Whit; Benson, Rusty; Dixon, Keith; Griffies, Stephen M.; Lee, Hyun-Chul; Pacanowski, Ronald C.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Zeng, Fanrong; Zhang, Rong] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Chul] High Performance Technol Inc, Reston, VA USA. RP Delworth, TL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM tom.delworth@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X NR 73 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2755 EP 2781 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00316.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925UN UT WOS:000302787300011 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Zou, CZ Qian, HF AF Wang, Likun Zou, Cheng-Zhi Qian, Haifeng TI Construction of Stratospheric Temperature Data Records from Stratospheric Sounding Units SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TRENDS; MSU; VARIABILITY; CYCLE; RADIANCES; EXTENSION; TIDES AB In recognizing the importance of Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) onboard historical NOAA polar-orbiting satellites in assessment of long-term stratospheric temperature changes and limitations in previous available SSU datasets, this study constructs a fully documented, publicly accessible, and well-merged SSU time series for climate change investigations. Focusing on methodologies, this study describes the details of data processing and bias corrections in the SSU observations for generating consistent stratospheric temperature data records, including 1) removal of the instrument gas leak effect in its CO2 cell; 2) correction of the atmospheric CO2 increase effect; 3) adjustment for different observation viewing angles; 4) removal of diurnal sampling biases due to satellite orbital drift; and 5) statistical merging of SSU observations from different satellites. After reprocessing, the stratospheric temperature records are composed of nadirlike, gridded brightness temperatures that correspond to identical weighting functions and a fixed local observation time. The 27-yr reprocessed SSU data record comprises global monthly and pentad layer temperatures, with grid resolution of 2.58 latitude by 2.58 longitude, of the midstratosphere (TMS), upper stratosphere (TUS), and top stratosphere (TTS), which correspond to the three SSU channel observations. For 1979-2006, the global mean trends for TMS, TUS, and TTS, are respectively -1.236 +/- 0.131, -0.926 +/- 0.139, and -1.006 +/- 0.194 K decade(-1). Spatial trend pattern analyses indicated that this cooling occurred globally with larger cooling over the tropical stratosphere. C1 [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Ctr Sci,STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Likun] Dell Serv Fed Govt, Fairfax, VA USA. [Qian, Haifeng] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Ctr Sci,STAR, Room 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM cheng-zhi.zou@noaa.gov RI Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Qian, Haifeng/F-1987-2011; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; FU NOAA [NESDISNESDISPO20092001589 (SDS0915)] FX The work is supported by NOAA Grant NESDISNESDISPO20092001589 (SDS0915). The authors thank the CRTM team including Yong Han, Quanhua Liu, Yong Chen, and Fuzhong Weng from NOAA/NESDIS/STAR for their help in the SSU CRTM modeling simulations. Special thanks go to Paul Poli from ECMWF and Chi-Fan Shih from NCAR for proving part of SSU data. Craig Long and Roger Lin from NOAA/NWS/NCEP/CPC and William Randel from NCAR provided the Nash SSU dataset. The authors wish to thank Craig Long and two anonymous reviewers for their critical review and judicious comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2931 EP 2946 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00350.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925UN UT WOS:000302787300020 ER PT J AU Zhao, M Held, IM AF Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. TI TC-Permitting GCM Simulations of Hurricane Frequency Response to Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies Projected for the Late-Twenty-First Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CLIMATOLOGY; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; ATLANTIC; INCREASE; REDUCTION AB A tropical cyclone-permitting global atmospheric model is used to explore the hurricane frequency response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated by coupled models for the late-twenty-first century. Results are presented for SST anomalies averaged over 18 models as well as from 8 individual models. For each basin, there exists large intermodel spread in the magnitude and even the sign of the frequency response among the different SST projections. These sizable variations in response are explored to understand features of SST distributions that are important for the basin-wide hurricane responses. In the North Atlantic, the eastern Pacific, and the southern Indian basins, most (72%-86%) of the intermodel variance in storm frequency response can be explained by a simple relative SST index defined as a basin's storm development region SST minus the tropical mean SST. The explained variance is significantly lower in the South Pacific (48%) and much lower in the western Pacific basin (27%). Several atmospheric parameters are utilized to probe changes in tropical atmospheric circulation and thermodynamical properties relevant to storm genesis in the model. While all present strong correlation to storm response in some basins, a parameter-measuring tropospheric convective mass flux stands out as skillful in explaining the simulated differences for all basins. Globally, in addition to a modest reduction of total storm frequency, the simulations exhibit a small, but robust eastward and poleward migration of genesis frequency in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic Oceans. This eastward migration of storms can also be explained by changes in convection. C1 [Zhao, Ming; Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM ming.zhao@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 FU Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612] FX We thank Gabriel Vecchi for providing the SST warming anomalies projected for the late-twenty-first century from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) coupled models. We are grateful for helpful discussion on this topic from Gabriel Vecchi, Tom Knutson, and Steve Garner, and S.-J. Lin for his central role in the development of this model. The comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. We acknowledge the various IPCC modeling groups for providing their data, and the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the IPCC Data Archive at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory/Department of Energy (LLNL/DOE) for collecting, archiving, and making the data readily available. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. An award of computer time was provided by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment Program. Ming Zhao was supported by Grant NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The findings are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 50 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2995 EP 3009 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00313.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925UN UT WOS:000302787300024 ER PT J AU Yoon, JH Mo, K Wood, EF AF Yoon, Jin-Ho Mo, Kingtse Wood, Eric F. TI Dynamic-Model-Based Seasonal Prediction of Meteorological Drought over the Contiguous United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATION; FORECAST SYSTEM; SPECTRAL MODEL; PRECIPITATION; ENSO; HYDROCLIMATE AB A simple method was developed to forecast 3- and 6-month standardized precipitation indices (SPIs) for the prediction of meteorological drought over the contiguous United States based on precipitation seasonal forecasts from the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS). Before predicting SPI, the precipitation (P) forecasts from the coarse-resolution CFS global model were bias corrected and downscaled to a regional grid of 50 km. The downscaled CFS P forecasts, out to 9 months, were appended to the P analyses to form an extended P dataset. The SPIs were calculated from this new time series. Five downscaling methods were tested: 1) bilinear interpolation; 2) a bias correction and spatial downscaling (BCSD) method based on the probability distribution functions; 3) a conditional probability estimation approach using the mean P ensemble forecasts developed by J. Schaake, 4) a Bayesian approach that bias corrects and downscales P using all ensemble forecast members, as developed by the Princeton University group; and 5) multimethod ensemble as the equally weighted mean of the BCSD, Schaake, and Bayesian forecasts. For initial conditions from April to May, statistical downscaling methods were compared with dynamic downscaling based on the NCEP regional spectral model and forecasts from a high-resolution CFS T382 model. The skill is regionally and seasonally dependent. Overall, the 6-month SPI is skillful out to 3-4 months. For the first 3-month lead times, forecast skill comes from the P analyses prior to the forecast time. After 3 months, the multimethod ensemble has small advantages, but forecast skill may be too low to be useful in practice. C1 [Yoon, Jin-Ho] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mo, Kingtse] NCEP NWS NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yoon, JH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jin-ho.yoon@pnnl.gov RI YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009 OI YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078 FU NOAA (TRACS) [GC09-505, GC09-552]; NOAA; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLP1830] FX This work was done while J.-H. Yoon was at the Climate Prediction Center, NOAA/NWS and the Cooperative Center for Climate and Satellites (CICS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park. We would like to acknowledge support from the NOAA (TRACS) Grants GC09-505 and GC09-552. Comments from anonymous reviewers were helpful in improving the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Po-Lun Ma at PNNL for his internal review and constructive comments. Also, this research is partially supported by NOAA Climate Prediction Programs for the Americas (CPPA) to PNNL. PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLP1830. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 463 EP 482 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-038.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921NI UT WOS:000302483900005 ER PT J AU Goldstein, N Greenlee, LF AF Goldstein, Nikki Greenlee, Lauren F. TI Influence of synthesis parameters on iron nanoparticle size and zeta potential SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Zero valent iron; Particle size distribution; Stabilizer; Organophosphate; Carboxymethyl cellulose; Water treatment; Environmental effects ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; FE-PD NANOPARTICLES; ZEROVALENT IRON; CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION; METAL-IONS; WATER; DECHLORINATION; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY AB Zero valent iron nanoparticles are of increasing interest in clean water treatment applications due to their reactivity toward organic contaminants and their potential to degrade a variety of compounds. This study focuses on the effect of organophosphate stabilizers on nanoparticle characteristics, including particle size distribution and zeta potential, when the stabilizer is present during nanoparticle synthesis. Particle size distributions from DLS were obtained as a function of stabilizer type and iron precursor (FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O or FeCl3), and nanoparticles from 2 to 200 nm were produced. Three different organophosphate stabilizer compounds were compared in their ability to control nanoparticle size, and the size distributions obtained for particle volume demonstrated differences caused by the three stabilizers. A range of stabilizer-to-iron (0.05-0.9) and borohydride-to-iron (0.5-8) molar ratios were tested to determine the effect of concentration on nanoparticle size distribution and zeta potential. The combination of ferrous sulfate and ATMP or DTPMP phosphonate stabilizer produced stabilized nanoparticle suspensions, and the stabilizers tested resulted in varying particle size distributions. In general, higher stabilizer concentrations resulted in smaller nanoparticles, and excess borohydride did not decrease nanoparticle size. Zeta potential measurements were largely consistent with particle size distribution data and indicated the stability of the suspensions. Probe sonication, as a nanoparticle resuspension method, was minimally successful in several different organic solvents. C1 [Goldstein, Nikki; Greenlee, Lauren F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Greenlee, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lauren.greenlee@nist.gov OI Greenlee, Lauren/0000-0001-6147-1533 FU National Research Council; NIST FX The authors acknowledge Roy H. Geiss for obtaining TEM images (Online resource 1). LF Greenlee acknowledges the National Research Council and NIST for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 92 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 AR 760 DI 10.1007/s11051-012-0760-5 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 923TA UT WOS:000302641000006 ER PT J AU Lundholm, N Bates, SS Baugh, KA Bill, BD Connell, LB Leger, C Trainer, VL AF Lundholm, Nina Bates, Stephen S. Baugh, Keri A. Bill, Brian D. Connell, Laurie B. Leger, Claude Trainer, Vera L. TI CRYPTIC AND PSEUDO-CRYPTIC DIVERSITY IN DIATOMSuWITH DESCRIPTIONS OF PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA HASLEANA SP NOV AND P. FRYXELLIANA SP NOV. SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cox1; cryptic; diatom; domoic acid; ITS; Pseudo-nitzschia; rbcL ID GENUS SKELETONEMA BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; DOMOIC ACID; COMPLEX BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PSEUDODELICATISSIMA BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; WASHINGTON-STATE; SPECIES CONCEPT; TOXIN ANALYSIS AB A high degree of pseudo-cryptic diversity was reported in the well-studied diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Studies off the coast of Washington State revealed the presence of hitherto undescribed diversity of Pseudo-nitzschia. Forty-one clonal strains, representing six different taxa of the P. pseudodelicatissima complex, were studied morphologically using LM and EM, and genetically using genes from three different cellular compartments: the nucleus (D1D3 of the LSU of rDNA and internal transcribed spacers [ITSs] of rDNA), the mitochondria (cytochrome c oxidase 1), and the plastids (LSU of RUBISCO). Strains in culture at the same time were used in mating studies to study reproductive isolation of species, and selected strains were examined for the production of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). Two new species, P. hasleana sp. nov. and P. fryxelliana sp. nov., are described based on morphological and molecular data. In all phylogenetic analyses, P. hasleana appeared as sister taxa to a clade comprising P. calliantha and P. mannii, whereas the position of P. fryxelliana was more uncertain. In the phylogenies of ITS, P. fryxelliana appeared to be most closely related to P. cf. turgidula. Morphologically, P. hasleana differed from most other species of the complex because of a lower density of fibulae, whereas P. fryxelliana had fewer sectors in the poroids and a higher poroid density than most of the other species. P. hasleana did not produce detectable levels of DA; P. fryxelliana was unfortunately not tested. In P. cuspidata, production of DA in offspring cultures varied from higher than the parent cultures to undetectable. C1 [Lundholm, Nina] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Bates, Stephen S.; Leger, Claude] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. [Baugh, Keri A.; Bill, Brian D.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA Fisheries, Marine Biotoxin Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Connell, Laurie B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Lundholm, N (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Solvgade 83S, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM nlundholm@snm.ku.dk RI Lundholm, Nina/A-4856-2013 OI Lundholm, Nina/0000-0002-2035-1997 FU National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank Jorgen Kristiansen for translating the diagnoses to Latin, Monica Moniz for providing unpublished primers, Steve Morton and Yuichi Kotaki for providing cultures, and Anette Hordum Loth and Amber Bratcher for laboratory assistance. Jessica Hendrickson assisted with the cultures NWFSC 190 and 193, and Bich-Thuy Eberhart assisted with the cELISA. We acknowledge the Ecology and Oceanography in the Pacific Northwest (ECOHAB PNW) program during which many of the Pseudo-nitzschia isolates were collected. ECOHAB is funded jointly by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This is ECOHAB publication 659 and ECOHAB PNW publication 31. We thank the reviewers for valuable suggestions. NR 73 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 436 EP 454 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01132.x PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 921HE UT WOS:000302467900020 PM 27009733 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, LE Neta, P Yang, XY Simon-Manso, Y Liang, YX Stein, SE AF Kilpatrick, Lisa E. Neta, Pedatsur Yang, Xiaoyu Simon-Manso, Yamil Liang, Yuxue Stein, Stephen E. TI Formation of y+10 and y+11 Ions in the Collision-Induced Dissociation of Peptide Ions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Peptide; CID; Fragmentation; y+10; y+11 ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTRA; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; MS/MS SPECTRA; SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMICS; LIBRARIES; CLEAVAGE; DATABASE AB Tandem mass spectra of peptide ions, acquired in shotgun proteomic studies of selected proteins, tissues, and organisms, commonly include prominent peaks that cannot be assigned to the known fragmentation product ions (y, b, a, neutral losses). In many cases these persist even when creating consensus spectra for inclusion in spectral libraries, where it is important to determine whether these peaks represent new fragmentation paths or arise from impurities. Using spectra from libraries and synthesized peptides, we investigate a class of fragment ions corresponding to y(n-1)+10 and y(n-1)+11, where n is the number of amino acid residues in the peptide. These 10 and 11 Da differences in mass of the y ion were ascribed before to the masses of [+ CO - H2O] and [+ CO - NH3], respectively. The mechanism is suggested to involve dissociation of the N-terminal residue at the CH-CO bond following loss of H2O or NH3. MS3 spectra of these ions show that the location of the additional 10 or 11 Da is at the N-terminal residue. The y(n-1)+10 ion is most often found in peptides with N-terminal proline, asparagine, and histidine, and also with serine and threonine in the adjacent position. The y(n-1)+11 ion is observed predominantly with histidine and asparagine at the N-terminus, but also occurs with asparagine in positions two through four. The intensities of the y(n-1)+10 ions decrease with increasing peptide length. These data for y(n-1)+10 and y(n-1)+11 ion formation may be used to improve peptide identification from tandem mass spectra. C1 [Kilpatrick, Lisa E.; Neta, Pedatsur; Yang, Xiaoyu; Simon-Manso, Yamil; Liang, Yuxue; Stein, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kilpatrick, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lisa.kilpatrick@nist.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s13361-011-0277-7 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 921HR UT WOS:000302469200010 PM 22161574 ER PT J AU Armstrong, WH Collins, MJ Snyder, NP AF Armstrong, William H. Collins, Mathias J. Snyder, Noah P. TI Increased Frequency of Low-Magnitude Floods in New England SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE floods; climate variability; hydroclimatology; aquatic habitat; New England; restoration ID ATLANTIC CLIMATE VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CHANNEL CHANGE; US STREAMFLOW; RIVER-BASIN; LOW-FLOWS; URBANIZATION; 20TH-CENTURY; TRENDS AB Recent studies document increasing precipitation and streamflow in the northeastern United States throughout the 20th and early 21st Centuries. Annual peak discharges have increased over this period on many New England rivers with dominantly natural streamflow-especially for smaller, more frequent floods. To better investigate high-frequency floods (< 5-year recurrence interval), we analyze the partial duration flood series for 23 New England rivers selected for minimal human impact. The study rivers have continuous records through 2006 and an average period of record of 71 years. Twenty-two of the 23 rivers show increasing trends in peaks over threshold per water year (POT/WY) - a direct measure of flood frequency -using the MannKendall trend test. Ten of these trends had p < 0.1. Seventeen rivers show positive trends in flood magnitude, six of which had p < 0.1. We also investigate a potential hydroclimatic shift in the region around 1970. Twenty-two of the 23 rivers show increased POT/WY in the post-1970 period when comparing pre-and post1970 records using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. More than half of these increases have p < 0.1, indicating a shift in flow regime toward more frequent flooding. Region wide, we found a median increase of one flood per year for the post-1970 period. Because frequent floods are important channel-forming flows, these results have implications for channel and floodplain morphology, aquatic habitat, and restoration. C1 [Armstrong, William H.; Snyder, Noah P.] Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Armstrong, WH (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Devlin Hall 213, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM armstrwa@bc.edu OI Armstrong, William/0000-0002-5581-6109; Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 FU National Science Foundation [0645343] FX This research was partially supported by National Science Foundation Grant 0645343. We thank Glenn Hodgkins (USGS) and four other reviewers for comments that greatly improved an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 306 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00613.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 920KC UT WOS:000302402200009 ER PT J AU Barani, A Keown, AJ Bush, MB Lee, JJW Lawn, BR AF Barani, Amir Keown, Amanda J. Bush, Mark B. Lee, James J. -W. Lawn, Brian R. TI Role of tooth elongation in promoting fracture resistance SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Enamel; Elongate teeth; Longitudinal fracture; Critical load; Bite force ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL ENAMEL; BITE FORCE; TEETH; MAMMALS; WEAR; DIET; MICROWEAR; DAMAGE AB A study is made of the role of tooth height on the resistance to side-wall longitudinal fracture under axial occlusal loading, building on earlier analyses for molar teeth with low dome-like ('bunodont') crown structures characteristic of primates and several other omnivorous mammals. The present study extends the analysis by considering molar teeth with an elongate columnar structure below the crown, more characteristic of grazing mammals. Extended finite element modeling is used to determine the evolution of longitudinal cracking, from initial growth to final failure. Experimental tests on sheep teeth confirm the predicted behavior of the longitudinal fracture mode, at least in its early stages. It is demonstrated that elongate tooth structures have a substantially increased resistance to longitudinal fracture, by restricting crack growth along the extended side walls. Biological implications concerning the adaptation of tooth structure to meet changes in the dietary habits of herbivores, and of some carnivores, are considered. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barani, Amir; Keown, Amanda J.; Bush, Mark B.; Lawn, Brian R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bush, MB (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM mark.bush@uwa.edu.au FU Australian Research Council; National Science Foundation; NIST FX Sheep teeth were obtained postmortem from research animals at the University of Western Australia, with animal ethics committee approval for tissue reuse. The technical assistance of Andrew Wilson and Nick Grainger (UWA), and many discussions with Paul Constantino (Marshall University) and Peter Lucas (Kuwait University), are gratefully acknowledged. Funding for this work was provided by grants from the Australian Research Council (AB, AJK and MBB), the National Science Foundation (JJWL and BRL), and NIST funding administered via Dakota Consulting Inc. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD APR PY 2012 VL 8 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.11.014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 922ZA UT WOS:000302586300004 PM 22402152 ER PT J AU Muralikrishnan, B Ren, W Everett, D Stanfield, E Doiron, T AF Muralikrishnan, Bala Ren, Wei Everett, Dennis Stanfield, Eric Doiron, Ted TI Performance evaluation experiments on a laser spot triangulation probe SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Laser triangulation probe; Performance evaluation; Dimensional metrology ID RANGE SENSORS AB Laser triangulation probes are increasingly used for dimensional measurements in a variety of applications. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, we have recently explored the use of laser spot triangulation probes to determine dimensional features such as height and width of channels in a fuel cell plate. To assess the suitability of the probes for performing these dimensional measurements, we designed several experiments that highlighted different error sources in the probes. This report is a summary of those experiments. Numerous studies have been reported in the literature on error sources in laser triangulation probes utilizing artifacts of varying shape (form), color, reflectivity, surface finish, etc. However, our experiments are targeted towards establishing bounds on errors when measuring simple linear dimensions such as height and width on prismatic objects of a single color and material. Our scope is indeed narrow, but intentionally so; it is our objective to highlight the influence of a number of "hidden performance attributes" [1] that impact accuracy of even simple linear dimensional measurements so that it may be of use to others who perform similar measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Muralikrishnan, Bala; Ren, Wei; Everett, Dennis; Stanfield, Eric; Doiron, Ted] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM balam@nist.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD APR PY 2012 VL 45 IS 3 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.11.012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 904TP UT WOS:000301221100015 ER PT J AU Bosart, LF Cordeira, JM Galarneau, TJ Moore, BJ Archambault, HM AF Bosart, Lance F. Cordeira, Jason M. Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr. Moore, Benjamin J. Archambault, Heather M. TI An Analysis of Multiple Predecessor Rain Events ahead of Tropical Cyclones Ike and Lowell: 10-15 September 2008 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; LOW-LEVEL JET; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; HEAVY RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; MCS DEVELOPMENT; JUNE 1972; EVOLUTION; FLOOD AB An analysis of three predecessor rain events (PREs) that occurred ahead of North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) Ike and east Pacific TC Lowell during 10-15 September 2008 is presented. The three PREs produced all-time daily record rainfall at many locations, including Lubbock, Texas (189.5 mm); Wichita, Kansas (262 mm); and Chicago-O'Hare, Illinois (169 mm), on 11-13 September, respectively. PRE 1 organized over Texas on 10 September with moisture from a stalled frontal boundary and the Bay of Campeche, and matured with moisture from TC Lowell. PRE 2 organized over the Texas Panhandle on 11 September with moisture from the Bay of Campeche, and developed and matured over Kansas and Missouri with moisture from TC Lowell. PRE 3 developed over Texas on 11 September, merged with and absorbed PRE 2 over Kansas and Missouri, and matured as it ingested moisture from TC Ike All three PREs matured in the equatorward entrance region of an intensifying subtropical jet stream (STJ). Heavy rainfall with the three PREs occurred along a plume of moist air characterized by high precipitable water values that extended poleward over the central United States near the juxtaposition of the nose of a low-level jet, a region of lower-tropospheric forcing for ascent along a surface baroclinic zone, and the STJ equatorward entrance region. The cumulative upscale effect of persistent deep convection from the three PREs enhanced and "locked in" a favorable upper-tropospheric flow pattern conducive to ridge development over the Ohio Valley and STJ intensification over the central U.S. and Great Lakes region. C1 [Bosart, Lance F.; Cordeira, Jason M.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Archambault, Heather M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bosart, LF (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, ES351,1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM bosart@atmos.albany.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0849491]; NOAA/CSTAR [NAO7NWS4680001] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; The authors thank David Roth at NCEP/HPC, Sheldon Kusselson at NOAA/NESDIS, and Greg Tripoli at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for stimulating conversations about PREs. The authors thank Russ Schumacher (Colorado State University) and an anonymous reviewer for comments that helped to clarify and improve the manuscript. The authors also thank Anantha Aiyyer (North Carolina State University) for developing software to calculate air parcel trajectories, and Dave Vollaro (University at Albany, SUNY) for help in obtaining and processing the TRMM satellite data. Research support was provided by NSF Grant ATM-0849491 and NOAA/CSTAR Grant NAO7NWS4680001. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2012 VL 140 IS 4 BP 1081 EP 1107 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00163.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 920ZS UT WOS:000302448400004 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Montgomery, MT Fritz, C AF Wang, Zhuo Montgomery, Michael T. Fritz, Cody TI A First Look at the Structure of the Wave Pouch during the 2009 PREDICT-GRIP Dry Runs over the Atlantic SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN EASTERLY WAVES; SAHARAN AIR LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; BAROTROPIC VORTICES; VERTICAL SHEAR; DISTURBANCES; PART; GENESIS; EVOLUTION; CYCLONES AB In support of the National Science Foundation Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-systems in the tropics (NSF PREDICT) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (NASA GRIP) dry run exercises and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Intensity Forecast Experiment (NOAA IFEX) during the 2009 hurricane season, a real-time wave-tracking algorithm and corresponding diagnostic analyses based on a recently proposed tropical cyclogenesis model were applied to tropical easterly waves over the Atlantic. The model emphasizes the importance of a Lagrangian recirculation region within a tropical-wave critical layer (the so-called pouch), where persistent deep convection and vorticity aggregation as well as column moistening are favored for tropical cyclogenesis. Distinct scenarios of hybrid wave-vortex evolution are highlighted. It was found that easterly waves without a pouch or with a shallow pouch did not develop. Although not all waves with a deep pouch developed into a tropical storm, a deep wave pouch had formed prior to genesis for all 16 named storms originating from monochromatic easterly waves during the 2008 and 2009 seasons. On the other hand, the diagnosis of two nondeveloping waves with a deep pouch suggests that strong vertical shear or dry air intrusion at the middle-upper levels (where a wave pouch was absent) can disrupt deep convection and suppress storm development. To sum up, this study suggests that a deep wave pouch extending from the midtroposphere (similar to 600-700 hPa) down to the boundary layer is a necessary condition for tropical cyclone formation within an easterly wave. It is hypothesized also that a deep wave pouch together with other large-scale favorable conditions provides a sufficient condition for sustained convection and tropical cyclone formation. This hypothesized sufficient condition requires further testing and will be pursued in future work. C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM zhuowang@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-1016095, AGS-1016095, AGS-1118429, AGS-0733380, ATM-0733380] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Grants ATM-1016095, AGS-1016095, AGS-1118429, AGS-0733380, and ATM-0733380. The real-time wave tracking in summer 2009 was a true team effort. We thank Mark Boothe, Robert LeeJoice, and Paul McCrone for their contribution to the daily wave tracking, NRL/Monterey for making satellite imagery available, and Dr. Jiann-Gwo Jiing for providing the IR Hovmoller diagram. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Timothy Dunkerton for stimulating discussions during the dry run and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Figure 1 is courtesy of Timothy Dunkerton. The GFS data are from the NCAR CISL Research Data Archive (RDA). NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2012 VL 140 IS 4 BP 1144 EP 1163 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05063.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 920ZS UT WOS:000302448400007 ER PT J AU Chen, TC Yen, MC Tsay, JD Nguyen, TTT Alpert, J AF Chen, Tsing-Chang Yen, Ming-Cheng Tsay, Jenq-Dar Nguyen Thi Tan Thanh Alpert, Jordan TI Synoptic Development of the Hanoi Heavy Rainfall Event of 30-31 October 2008: Multiple-Scale Processes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; SOUTH-CHINA-SEA; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; STATIONARY WAVES; CENTRAL VIETNAM; WINTER MONSOON; SUMMER; CLIMATOLOGY AB The 30-31 October 2008 Hanoi, Vietnam, heavy rainfall-flood (HRF) event occurred unusually farther north than other Vietnam events. The cause of this event is explored with multiple-scale processes in the context of the midlatitude-tropical interaction. In the midlatitudes, the cold surge linked to the Hanoi event can be traced westward to the leeside cyclogenesis between the Altai Mountains and Tianshan. This cyclone developed into a Bering Sea explosive cyclone later, simultaneously with the occurrence of the Hanoi HRF event. In the tropics, a cold surge vortex formed on 26 October, south of the Philippines, through the interaction of an easterly disturbance, an already existing small surface vortex in the Celebes Sea, and the eastern Asian cold surge flow. This cold surge vortex developed into a cyclone, juxtaposed with the surface high of the cold surge flow, and established a strong moist southeasterly flow from the South China Sea to Hanoi, which helped maintain the HRF event. Spectral analysis of the zonal winds north and south of the Hanoi HRF cyclone and rainfall at Hanoi reveal the existence of three monsoon modes: 30-60, 12-24, and 5 clays. The cold surge vortex developed into an HRF cyclone in conjunction with the in-phase constructive interference of the three monsoon modes, while the Hanoi HRF event was hydrologically maintained by the northwestward flux of water vapor into Hanoi by these monsoon modes. C1 [Chen, Tsing-Chang] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yen, Ming-Cheng] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Nguyen Thi Tan Thanh] Natl Hydrometeorol Serv Vietnam, Aerometeorol Observ, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Alpert, Jordan] Natl Ctr Environm Predicat, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Chen, TC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, 3010 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tmchen@iastate.edu FU Cheney Research Fund; NSF [ATM-0836220]; NSC [NSC99-2111-M-008-012] FX This study is part of the East Asian Monsoon Experiment (EAMEX) in collaboration with the Monsoon Asian Hydro-Atmosphere Scientific Research and Prediction Initiative (MAHASRI) and the National Hydro-Meteorological Services of Vietnam, and supported in part by the Cheney Research Fund and NSF Grant ATM-0836220. Ming-Cheng Yen's effort is supported by NSC Grant NSC99-2111-M-008-012. We thank professor Jun Matsumoto of Tokyo Metropolitan University for motivating us to explore the cause of the Vietnam heavy rainfall-flood events during late fall. Comments and suggestions offered by three reviewers were very helpful in clarifying some basic issues presented in this study. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2012 VL 140 IS 4 BP 1219 EP 1240 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00111.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 920ZS UT WOS:000302448400012 ER PT J AU Hitchens, NM Baldwin, ME Trapp, RJ AF Hitchens, Nathan M. Baldwin, Michael E. Trapp, Robert J. TI An Object-Oriented Characterization of Extreme Precipitation-Producing Convective Systems in the Midwestern United States SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE PACIFIC-OCEAN; HOURLY PRECIPITATION; SPRING PROGRAM; RAIN EVENTS; WRF MODEL; VERIFICATION; FORECASTS; WEATHER; PREDICTABILITY; METHODOLOGY AB Extreme precipitation was identified in the midwestem United States using an object-oriented approach applied to the NCEP stage-II hourly precipitation dataset. This approach groups contiguous areas that exceed a user-defined threshold into "objects," which then allows object attributes to be diagnosed. Those objects with precipitation maxima in the 99th percentile (>55 mm) were considered extreme, and there were 3484 such objects identified in the midwestern United States between 1996 and 2010. Precipitation objects ranged in size from hundreds to over 100 000 km(2), and the maximum precipitation within each object varied between 55 and 104 mm. The majority of occurrences of extreme precipitation were in the summer (June, July, and August), and peaked in the afternoon into night (1900-0200 UTC) in the diurnal cycle. Consistent with the previous work by the authors, this study shows that the systems that produce extreme precipitation in the midwestern United States vary widely across the convective-storm spectrum. C1 [Hitchens, Nathan M.; Baldwin, Michael E.; Trapp, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hitchens, NM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nathan.hitchens@noaa.gov OI Hitchens, Nathan/0000-0003-4659-111X FU National Science Foundation [NSF ATM-0756624] FX The authors thank Alexander Gluhovsky for his assistance with extreme value theory, and Benjamin Schwedler for providing coding assistance to plot BOOIA objects. The constructive comments and suggestions made by Russ Schumacher and the two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. Computing resources were provided by the Purdue University Rosen Center for Advanced Computing. Stage II data was provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The National Science Foundation is acknowledged for its support of this research through Grant NSF ATM-0756624. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2012 VL 140 IS 4 BP 1356 EP 1366 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00153.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 920ZS UT WOS:000302448400019 ER PT J AU Picca, J Ryzhkov, A AF Picca, J. Ryzhkov, A. TI A Dual-Wavelength Polarimetric Analysis of the 16 May 2010 Oklahoma City Extreme Hailstorm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HAIL DETECTION; C-BAND; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL ATTENUATION; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; 3-BODY SCATTERING; CONVECTIVE STORMS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; S-BAND; POLARIZATION AB A comparative analysis of a supercell hailstorm using simultaneous observations with S-band and C-band polarimetric radars supported by abundant ground-truth reports is presented in this study. The storm occurred on 16 May 2010 and produced a swath of extremely damaging hail across a large portion of the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, metro area. Hail sizes over 10 cm in diameter and hail drifts upward of 1.5 m in height were reported. Both S-band (KOUN) and C-band [University of Oklahoma Polarimetric Radar for Innovations in Meteorology and Engineering (OU-PRIME)] polarimetric radars in Norman, Oklahoma, sampled the storm at ranges less than 60 km, so that high-resolution dual-wavelength polarimetric data were obtained. At C band, this analysis mostly presents raw Z and Z(DR) (due to problems with differential phase resulting from an incorrect censoring threshold in the examined case) while taking into account the possibility of attenuation in the interpretation of these data. Among the issues investigated in the study are the relation of hail size measured at the surface to the polarimetric signatures at both wavelengths, the difference between polarimetric signatures at the two wavelengths of hail aloft and near the surface (where melting hail is mixed with rain), and the three-body scatter spike (TBSS) signature associated with large hail. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Picca, J (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jpicca@ou.edu FU NOAA/University of Oklahoma under the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227]; Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory [7000132024] FX The authors thank Allen Zahrai, Mike Schmidt, and Richard Wahkinney for maintaining KOUN at research-grade quality. OU-PRIME is maintained and operated by the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC) at the University of Oklahoma. We also thank Dr. Valery Melnikov (NSSL) for his invaluable work in processing and calibrating the KOUN data, as well as Dr. Dusan Zrnic (NSSL) and Matthew Kumjian (OU) for useful discussions. Funding for this study comes from NOAA/University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 under the U.S. Department of Commerce. Additional support comes from Agreement 7000132024 with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2012 VL 140 IS 4 BP 1385 EP 1403 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00112.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 920ZS UT WOS:000302448400021 ER PT J AU Green, ML Espinal, L Traversa, E Amis, EJ AF Green, Martin L. Espinal, Laura Traversa, Enrico Amis, Eric J. TI Materials for sustainable development SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material AB Many technologies in the materials, manufacturing, energy, and water sectors that currently provide important benefits to humanity cannot continue indefinitely and must be directed toward a more sustainable path. In this article, we introduce the concept of sustainable development, discuss the critical roles that materials science plays in this field, and summarize the contents of the articles in this special issue of MRS Bulletin C1 [Green, Martin L.; Espinal, Laura] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Traversa, Enrico] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Int Ctr Renewable Energy, Dept Fuel Cell Res, Xian, Peoples R China. [Traversa, Enrico] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Amis, Eric J.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Green, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.green@nist.gov; laura.espinal@nist.gov; traversa@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; AmisEJ@utrc.utc.com RI Traversa, Enrico/E-4547-2011 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 4 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1557/mrs.2012.51 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 921IY UT WOS:000302472500001 ER PT J AU Poster, DL Fasolka, MJ Cavanagh, RR Beary, ES AF Poster, Dianne L. Fasolka, Michael J. Cavanagh, Richard R. Beary, Ellyn S. TI Measurements, standards, and data in support of the sustainable use of materials SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT AB Industry is increasingly aware that sustainability combines environmental, societal, and economic considerations in product development and that this linkage, while driving improved performance, can pose both a business opportunity and a challenge. On one hand, innovations make good business sense by bringing new products to supply a growing market demand for sustainable goods. On the other hand, new regulatory standards demand cleaner, less-toxic products, which can be difficult to develop economically, and require an agreed-upon infrastructure to demonstrate compliance, which can also be difficult and expensive. In this article, we discuss how measurements, standards, and data, being developed and deployed worldwide by national metrology institutes (NMIs) and standards-developing organizations (SDOs), are helping industry enable the sustainable use of materials. Examples include bio-based polymers, lightweight automobiles, fly-ash-based concrete, and lead-free solders. Measurements, standards, and data also support energy efficiency and renewable energy and ease industry compliance with new and emerging regulations, including those that demand less-toxic components. C1 [Poster, Dianne L.; Fasolka, Michael J.; Cavanagh, Richard R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Poster, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dianne.poster@nist.gov; michael.fasolka@nist.gov; richard.cavanagh@nist.gov; mmlinfo@nist.gov NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 4 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1557/mrs.2012.43 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 921IY UT WOS:000302472500006 ER PT J AU Espinal, L Morreale, BD AF Espinal, Laura Morreale, Bryan D. TI Materials challenges in carbon-mitigation technologies SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY; IONIC LIQUID-MEMBRANES; DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HYDROGEN PURIFICATION; POLYMERIC MEMBRANES; OXYGEN SEPARATION; SWING ADSORPTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GAS AB Given the increasing size of CO2-generating industries and the mounting awareness of their environmental impact, carbon-management technologies are expected to play an important role in curtailing environmental emissions in coming years. A major challenge in carbon management is the development of cost-effective, technologically compatible, and efficient CO2 capture and storage technologies. The development of energy-efficient solvent, solid-sorbent, and membrane materials to capture CO2 from industrial exhaust streams can take improvements in process efficiency one step further. Also, the permanent storage of CO2 in geologic formations is critical to the success of carbon-management technologies and requires better understanding of interactions of CO2 with underground materials. These and other materials challenges must be solved to make carbon capture and storage an economically viable and reliable technology to be adopted by the power and product manufacturing industries. C1 [Espinal, Laura] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morreale, Bryan D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Off Res & Dev, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Espinal, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laura.espinal@nist.gov; bryan.morreale@netl.doe.gov NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 4 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1557/mrs.2012.10 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 921IY UT WOS:000302472500017 ER PT J AU Chae, J Jung, SY Woo, S Baek, H Ha, J Song, YJ Son, YW Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA Kuk, Y AF Chae, Jungseok Jung, Suyong Woo, Sungjong Baek, Hongwoo Ha, Jeonghoon Song, Young Jae Son, Young-Woo Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. Kuk, Young TI Enhanced Carrier Transport along Edges of Graphene Devices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; edge; edge state; scanning gate microscopy ID BRANCHED FLOW; ELECTRON; NANORIBBONS; MICROSCOPY AB The relation between macroscopic charge transport properties and microscopic carrier distribution is one of the central issues in the physics and future applications of graphene devices (GDs). We find strong conductance enhancement at the edges of GDs using scanning gate microscopy. This result is explained by our theoretical model of the opening of an additional conduction channel localized at the edges by depleting accumulated charge by the tip. C1 [Chae, Jungseok; Baek, Hongwoo; Ha, Jeonghoon; Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Jung, Suyong; Song, Young Jae; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chae, Jungseok; Jung, Suyong; Song, Young Jae] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Woo, Sungjong; Son, Young-Woo] Korea Inst Adv Study, Seoul 130722, South Korea. [Song, Young Jae] Sungkyunkwan Univ SKKU, Dept Nano Sci & Technol, SKKU Adv Inst Nanotechnol SAINT, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Kuk, Y (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM ykuk@phya.snu.ac.kr RI son, Young-Woo/B-2566-2010; Song, Young Jae/A-5422-2013; Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 OI Song, Young Jae/0000-0001-6172-3817; FU National Research Foundation of Korea (MOEHRD) [NRF-2006-0093847, NRF-2010-00349]; NRF; government of Korea, MEST (QMMRC) [R11-2008-053-01002-0] FX This work was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant (MOEHRD) (NRF-2006-0093847, NRF-2010-00349). Y.-W.S. was supported in part by the NRF grant funded by the government of Korea, MEST (QMMRC, R11-2008-053-01002-0). We acknowledge computational support from the CAC of KIAS. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1839 EP 1844 DI 10.1021/nl2041222 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 922CO UT WOS:000302524600017 PM 22429202 ER PT J AU Held, I AF Held, Isaac TI CLIMATE SCIENCE Constraints on the high end SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Held, I (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM isaac.held@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 236 EP 237 DI 10.1038/ngeo1436 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 918YU UT WOS:000302288400006 ER PT J AU Decharme, B Alkama, R Papa, F Faroux, S Douville, H Prigent, C AF Decharme, B. Alkama, R. Papa, F. Faroux, S. Douville, H. Prigent, C. TI Global off-line evaluation of the ISBA-TRIP flood model SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Land surface hydrology; Floodplains; River discharges; Evapotranspiration ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TERRESTRIAL WATER STORAGE; LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; RUNOFF ROUTING MODEL; AMAZON RIVER-BASIN; SOIL-MOISTURE; SUBGRID HYDROLOGY; CLIMATE MODELS; SIMULATION; RESOLUTION AB This study presents an off-line global evaluation of the ISBA-TRIP hydrological model including a two-way flood scheme. The flood dynamics is indeed described through the daily coupling between the ISBA land surface model and the TRIP river routing model including a prognostic flood reservoir. This reservoir fills when the river height exceeds the critical river bankfull height and vice versa. The flood interacts with the soil hydrology through infiltration and with the overlying atmosphere through precipitation interception and free water surface evaporation. The model is evaluated over a relatively long period (1986-2006) at 1 degrees resolution using the Princeton University 3-hourly atmospheric forcing. Four simulations are performed in order to assess the model sensitivity to the river bankfull height. The evaluation is made against satellite-derived global inundation estimates as well as in situ river discharge observations at 122 gauging stations. First, the results show a reasonable simulation of the global distribution of simulated floodplains when compared to satellite-derived estimates. At basin scale, the comparison reveals some discrepancies, both in terms of climatology and interannual variability, but the results remain acceptable for a simple large-scale model. In addition, the simulated river discharges are improved in term of efficiency scores for more than 50% of the 122 stations and deteriorated for 4% only. Two mechanisms mainly explain this positive impact: an increase in evapotranspiration that limits the annual discharge overestimation found when flooding is not taking into account and a smoothed river peak flow when the floodplain storage is significant. Finally, the sensitivity experiments suggest that the river bankfull depth is potentially tunable according to the river discharge scores to control the accuracy of the simulated flooded areas and its related increase in land surface evaporation. Such a tuning could be relevant at least for climate studies in which the spatio-temporal variations in precipitation are generally poorly represented. C1 [Decharme, B.; Alkama, R.; Faroux, S.; Douville, H.] CNRS Meteo France, GAME CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Papa, F.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Prigent, C.] Observ Paris, CNRS, Lab Etudes Rayonnement & Mat Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Decharme, B (reprint author), CNRS Meteo France, GAME CNRM, 42 Av G Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. EM bertrand.decharme@meteo.fr RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009 OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253 FU French "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche" (ANR); CYMENT of the RTRA STAE Toulouse; "Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques" (CNRM) of Meteo-France; "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" (CNRS) of the French research ministry FX This work is supported by the program IMPACT-BOREAL of the French "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche" (ANR), the CYMENT project of the RTRA STAE Toulouse, the "Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques" (CNRM) of Meteo-France, and the "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" (CNRS) of the French research ministry. The authors would like to thank Christine Delire (CNRS/CNRM) as well as anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on this study. NR 80 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 7-8 BP 1389 EP 1412 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1054-9 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918JZ UT WOS:000302247000009 ER PT J AU Zhou, ST L'Heureux, M Weaver, S Kumar, A AF Zhou, Shuntai L'Heureux, Michelle Weaver, Scott Kumar, Arun TI A composite study of the MJO influence on the surface air temperature and precipitation over the Continental United States SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; MODULATION; PREDICTION; MECHANISMS; CONVECTION; FORECASTS; MONSOON; IMPACT; SKILL AB The influence of the MJO on the continental United States (CONUS) surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation is examined based on 30 years of daily data from 1979-2008. Composites are constructed for each of the eight phases of the Wheeler-Hendon MJO index over 12 overlapping three-month seasons. To ensure that the MJO signal is distinguished from other patterns of climate variability, several steps are taken: (a) only days classified as "MJO events" are used in the composites, (b) statistical significance of associated composites is assessed using a Monte Carlo procedure, and (c) intraseasonal frequencies are matched to the unfiltered data. Composites of other fields are also shown in order to examine how the SAT and precipitation anomalies are associated with large-scale circulations providing a link between the tropics and extratropics. The strongest and most significant MJO effects on SAT are found during the northern winter seasons. When enhanced convection is located over the equatorial Indian Ocean, below-average SAT tends to occur in New England and the Great Lakes region. As enhanced tropical convection shifts over the Maritime continent, above-average SAT appears in the eastern states of the US from Maine to Florida. The MJO influence on precipitation is also significant during northern winter seasons. When enhanced convection is located over the Maritime continent, more precipitation is observed in the central plains of the US. Enhanced precipitation also occurs over the west coast of the US when convective activity is stronger over the Indian Ocean. During the northern summer and fall, the MJO impact on precipitation is mainly significant at lower latitudes, over Mexico and southeastern US. C1 [Zhou, Shuntai; L'Heureux, Michelle; Weaver, Scott; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhou, Shuntai] Wyle Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Zhou, ST (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM shuntai.zhou@noaa.gov RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013 OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 7-8 BP 1459 EP 1471 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1001-9 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918JZ UT WOS:000302247000013 ER PT J AU Kumar, BP Vialard, J Lengaigne, M Murty, VSN McPhaden, MJ AF Kumar, B. Praveen Vialard, J. Lengaigne, M. Murty, V. S. N. McPhaden, M. J. TI TropFlux: air-sea fluxes for the global tropical oceans-description and evaluation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LAYER HEAT-BALANCE; ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; BULK AERODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDIAN-OCEAN; WIND-SPEED; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; DATA SETS AB In this paper, we evaluate several timely, daily air-sea heat flux products (NCEP, NCEP2, ERA-Interim and OAFlux/ISCCP) against observations and present the newly developed TropFlux product. This new product uses bias-corrected ERA-interim and ISCCP data as input parameters to compute air-sea fluxes from the COARE v3.0 algorithm. Wind speed is corrected for mesoscale gustiness. Surface net shortwave radiation is based on corrected ISCCP data. We extend the shortwave radiation time series by using "near real-time" SWR estimated from outgoing longwave radiation. All products reproduce consistent intraseasonal surface net heat flux variations associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Indian Ocean, but display more disparate interannual heat flux variations associated with El Nino in the eastern Pacific. They also exhibit marked differences in mean values and seasonal cycle. Comparison with global tropical moored buoy array data, I-COADS and fully independent mooring data sets shows that the two NCEP products display lowest correlation to mooring turbulent fluxes and significant biases. ERA-interim data captures well temporal variability, but with significant biases. OAFlux and TropFlux perform best. All products have issues in reproducing observed longwave radiation. Shortwave flux is much better captured by ISCCP data than by any of the re-analyses. Our "near real-time" shortwave radiation performs better than most re-analyses, but tends to underestimate variability over the cold tongues of the Atlantic and Pacific. Compared to independent mooring data, NCEP and NCEP2 net heat fluxes display similar to 0.78 correlation and >65 W m(-2) rms-difference, ERA-I performs better (similar to 0.86 correlation and similar to 48 W m(-2)) while OAFlux and TropFlux perform best (similar to 0.9 correlation and similar to 43 W m(-2)). TropFlux hence provides a useful option for studying flux variability associated with ocean-atmosphere interactions, oceanic heat budgets and climate fluctuations in the tropics. C1 [Kumar, B. Praveen; Vialard, J.; Lengaigne, M.] Natl Inst Oceanog, CSIR, Phys Oceanog Div, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. [Vialard, J.; Lengaigne, M.] IRD, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Experimentat & Approches Numer, UPMC, Paris, France. [Murty, V. S. N.] Natl Inst Oceanog Reg Ctr, CSIR, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Res Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kumar, BP (reprint author), Natl Inst Oceanog, CSIR, Phys Oceanog Div, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. EM bpraveen@nio.org RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; Lengaigne, Matthieu/K-4345-2013; Lengaigne, Matthieu/M-8321-2014; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; Lengaigne, Matthieu/0000-0002-0044-036X; FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, Govt. of India); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, France); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) FX The development of TropFlux product is the result of a joint research collaboration between National Institute of Oceanography (Goa, India) and Institute Pierre et Simon Laplace (Paris, France). BPK and VSNM thanks Director, National Institute of Oceanography, India, for his keen interest in this study. The lead author is supported by a Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, Govt. of India) and a 1-year research grant from Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, France) and did part of this work whilst at Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Experimentation et Approches Numeriques (LOCEAN, Paris). JV and ML are funded by Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) and did this work while visiting National Institute of Oceanography (NIO, India). We sincerely thank the providers of NCEP, NCEP2 re-analyses and OLR data (NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA), ERA-Interim (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting), OAFlux (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project), TMI SST (Remote Sensing Systems), Qscat winds (CERSAT-IFREMER), ICOADS (NOAA, USA), TAO-PIRATA-RAMA (PMEL-NOAA) and the OceanSites initiative for various data sets. Meghan Cronin and Dai McClurg (PMEL) provided TPR climatological wind gustiness data. Discussions with Jean-Luc Redelsperger on wind gustiness parameterization provided useful inputs. Constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers greatly helped to improve an earlier version of this manuscript. This is NIO contribution number 4981 and PMEL contribution number 3628. NR 96 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 7-8 BP 1521 EP 1543 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1115-0 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918JZ UT WOS:000302247000017 ER PT J AU Jin, LY Chen, FH Morrill, C Otto-Bliesner, BL Rosenbloom, N AF Jin, Liya Chen, Fahu Morrill, Carrie Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. Rosenbloom, Nan TI Causes of early Holocene desertification in arid central Asia SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Early Holocene; Desertification; Arid central Asia; Climate model; Orbital forcing ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; LAST 12,000 YEARS; MOISTURE EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT RECORDS; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; ABRUPT CHANGES; CENTRAL CHINA; MONSOON; LAKE; RESOLUTION AB Paleoclimate records of effective moisture (precipitation minus evaporation, or P-E) show a dry (low effective moisture) period in mid-latitude arid/semi-arid central Asia during the early Holocene (11,000-8,000 years ago) relative to the middle and late Holocene, in contrast to evidence for greater-than-present precipitation at the same time in the south and east Asian monsoonal areas. To investigate the spatial differences in climate response over mid-latitude central Asia and monsoonal Asia we conducted a series of simulations with the Community Climate System Model version 3 coupled climate model for the early, middle and late Holocene. The simulations test the climatic impact of all important forcings for the early Holocene, including changes in orbital parameters, the presence of the remnant Laurentide ice sheet and deglacial freshening of the North Atlantic. Model results clearly show the early Holocene patterns indicated by proxy records, including both the decreased effective moisture in arid central Asia, which occurs in the model primarily during the winter months, and the increase in summer monsoon precipitation in south and east Asia. The model results suggest that dry conditions in the early Holocene in central Asia are closely related to decreased water vapor advection due to reduced westerly wind speed and less evaporation upstream from the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas in boreal winter. As an extra forcing to the early Holocene climate system, the Laurentide ice sheet and meltwater fluxes have a substantial cooling effect over high latitudes, especially just over and downstream of the ice sheets, but contribute only to a small degree to the early Holocene aridity in central Asia. Instead, most of the effective moisture signal can be explained by orbital forcing decreasing the early Holocene latitudinal temperature gradient and wintertime surface temperature. We find little evidence for regional subsidence related to a stronger summer Asian monsoon in forcing early Holocene aridity in central Asia, as has been previously hypothesized. C1 [Jin, Liya; Chen, Fahu] Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Jin, Liya] Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] NOAAs Natl Climat Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Rosenbloom, Nan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jin, LY (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM jinly@lzu.edu.cn RI Chen, Fahu/B-2788-2011; OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Innovation Team [40721061]; 111 Project [B02026]; China Scholarship Council (CSC); National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Office of Polar Programs FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Innovation Team Project (Grant No. 40721061), the 111 Project (Grant No. B02026). L. Jin is grateful to China Scholarship Council (CSC) for providing him a scholarship during his research visit (2008-2009) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA, whose hospitality is also appreciated. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by National Science Foundation (NSF). C. Morrill and B. L. Otto-Bliesner acknowledge grants from the NSF Office of Polar Programs for completion of the 8.5 ka BP simulations. The authors are very much grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and constructive suggestions for the manuscript. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 7-8 BP 1577 EP 1591 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1086-1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918JZ UT WOS:000302247000020 ER PT J AU Gerrodette, T Olson, R Reilly, S Watters, G Perrin, W AF Gerrodette, Tim Olson, Robert Reilly, Stephen Watters, George Perrin, William TI Ecological Metrics of Biomass Removed by Three Methods of Purse-Seine Fishing for Tunas in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bycatch; eastern tropical Pacific tuna; ecosystem approach; ecosystem-based fisheries management; tuna-dolphin ID MARINE FOOD WEBS; FISHERIES; IMPACTS; DOLPHIN; POPULATIONS; INDICATORS; BYCATCH; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY AB An ecosystem approach to fisheries management is a widely recognized goal, but describing and measuring the effects of a fishery on an ecosystem is difficult. Ecological information on the entire catch (all animals removed, whether retained or discarded) of both species targeted by the fishery and nontarget species (i.e., bycatch) is required. We used data from the well-documented purse-seine fishery for tunas (Thunnus albacares, T. obesus, and Katsuwonus pelamis) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean to examine the fishery's ecological effects. Purse-seine fishing in the eastern tropical Pacific is conducted in 3 ways that differ in the amount and composition of target species and bycatch. The choice of method depends on whether the tunas are swimming alone (unassociated sets), associated with dolphins (dolphin sets), or associated with floating objects (floating-object sets). Among the fishing methods, we compared catch on the basis of weight, number of individuals, trophic level, replacement time, and diversity. Floating-object sets removed 23 times as much biomass as the other 2 methods, depending on how removal was measured. Results of previous studies suggest the ecological effects of floating-object sets are thousands of times greater than the effects of other methods, but these results were derived from only numbers of discarded animals. Management of the fishery has been driven to a substantial extent by a focus on reducing bycatch, although discards are currently 4.8% of total catch by weight, compared with global averages of 7.5% for tuna longline fishing and 30.0% for midwater trawling. An ecosystem approach to fisheries management requires that ecological effects of fishing on all animals removed by a fishery, not just bycatch or discarded catch, be measured with a variety of metrics. C1 [Gerrodette, Tim; Reilly, Stephen; Watters, George; Perrin, William] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Olson, Robert] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gerrodette, T (reprint author), 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tim.gerrodette@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01817.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914VO UT WOS:000301981100008 PM 22443130 ER PT J AU Hilborn, R Stewart, IJ Branch, TA Jensen, OP AF Hilborn, Ray Stewart, Ian J. Branch, Trevor A. Jensen, Olaf P. TI Defining Trade-Offs among Conservation, Profitability, and Food Security in the California Current Bottom-Trawl Fishery SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioeconomic; fisheries management; overfishing; Sebastes ID MARINE RESERVES; SURPLUS PRODUCTION; FISHING EFFORT; MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; EXPLOITATION; POPULATIONS; WORLD; YIELD AB Although it is recognized that marine wild-capture fisheries are an important source of food for much of the world, the cost of sustainable capture fisheries to species diversity is uncertain, and it is often questioned whether industrial fisheries can be managed sustainably. We evaluated the trade-off among sustainable food production, profitability, and conservation objectives in the groundfish bottom-trawl fishery off the U.S. West Coast, where depletion (i.e., reduction in abundance) of six rockfish species (Sebastes) is of particular concern. Trade-offs are inherent in this multispecies fishery because there is limited capacity to target species individually. From population models and catch of 34 stocks of bottom fish, we calculated the relation between harvest rate, long-term yield (i.e., total weight of fish caught), profit, and depletion of each species. In our models, annual ecosystem-wide yield from all 34 stocks was maximized with an overall 5.4% harvest rate, but profit was maximized at a 2.8% harvest rate. When we reduced harvest rates to the level (2.2% harvest rate) at which no stocks collapsed (<10% of unfished levels), biomass harvested was 76% of the maximum sustainable yield and profit 89% of maximum. A harvest rate under which no stocks fell below the biomass that produced maximum sustainable yield (1% harvest rate), resulted in 45% of potential yield and 67% of potential profit. Major reductions in catch in the late 1990s led to increase in the biomass of the most depleted stocks, but this rebuilding resulted in the loss of >30% of total sustainable yield, whereas yield lost from stock depletion was 3% of total sustainable yield. There are clear conservation benefits to lower harvest rates, but avoiding overfishing of all stocks in a multispecies fishery carries a substantial cost in terms of lost yield and profit. C1 [Hilborn, Ray; Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stewart, Ian J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Hilborn, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rayh@uw.edu RI Branch, Trevor/A-5691-2009 FU National Science Foundation [1041570, 1041678] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation awards 1041570 (R. H. and T. A. B.) and 1041678 (O.P.J.). NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 26 IS 2 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01800.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914VO UT WOS:000301981100009 PM 22443131 ER PT J AU Stark, JW AF Stark, J. W. TI Female maturity, reproductive potential, relative distribution, and growth compared between arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and Kamchatka flounder (A. evermanni) indicating concerns for management SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BERING-SEA; ALASKA; GULF AB Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and Kamchatka flounder (A.,evermanni), major piscivorous predators in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, are morphologically similar. Consequently the two species have been managed together as a species complex using the length- and age-at-maturity derived from Gulf of Alaska arrowtooth flounder, which had been the only available maturity estimates. However, there could be serious management consequences if the two species matured at significantly different ages and fork lengths. Therefore, this study was conducted during 2007 and 2008 to determine if there were significant differences in maturation between the two species. Significant differences in size and age of female maturation and growth were found. The age and length of 50% maturity (A50,L50, respectively) for arrowtooth flounder females is 7.6 years of age and 480 mm in body length. In comparison, A50,L50 of Kamchatka flounder females is 10.1 years of age and 550 mm, meaning that Kamchatka flounder has a significantly lower reproductive potential than arrowtooth flounder. The large difference in reproductive potential indicates that managing the two species together as a species complex using the reproductive characteristics of arrowtooth flounder, was not conservative for Kamchatka flounder. This study also determined that arrowtooth flounder maturation was consistent between the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea populations. C1 NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stark, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jim.stark@noaa.gov RI Stark, James/E-1868-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 226 EP 230 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01885.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 902PW UT WOS:000301051400010 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Jha, B Huang, BH AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Jha, Bhaskar Huang, Bohua TI An Analysis of Forced and Internal Variability in a Warmer Climate in CCSM3 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CHANGING CLIMATE; FUTURE CLIMATE; COUPLED GCM; MODEL; OCEAN; ENSO; PREDICTION AB Changes in the mean state and the modes of internal variability due to increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) and aerosol concentrations were investigated by comparing a suite of long-term integrations of A1B runs and the corresponding control runs with a constant level of GHG and aerosol concentrations in the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3). The evolution of signal- [defined as the standard deviation (STDV) of ensemble mean anomalies] to-noise (defined as STDV of departures of individual members from their corresponding ensemble means) ratio (SNR) is examined. It is shown that SNR is sensitive to the amplitude of external forcing, and the sensitivity is variable and geographical location dependent. The time evolution of the SNR is largely due to the changes in the mean while little influence on the internal variability is found. Surface air temperature (TS) and geopotential height at 200 hPa (H200) responses are largely linear with an increase in GHG and aerosol concentrations and can be well reconstructed using linear trends. The spatial patterns and temporal evolution statistics of the leading modes of internal variability of seasonal mean TS, H200, and precipitation are similar between the A1B and control runs, suggesting that the leading modes are less affected by the increase in GHG and aerosol concentrations. However, the similarity of these spatial patterns between the two runs slightly depends on the variable and season. In the tropical Pacific Ocean, superimposed on a warming trend, amplitude of internal variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation regions is slightly suppressed in the A1B runs. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] Wyle Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Suite 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX The data used in this work are from the CCSM Climate Variability and Climate Change Working Groups "21st century CCSM3 Large Ensemble Project.'' (Grant Branstator, Clara Deser, Jerry Meehl, and Haiyan Teng) and kindly provided by G. Meehl. B. Huang is supported by the COLA omnibus grant from NSF(ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). We appreciate the comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers, as well as Peitao Peng and Mingyue Chen, and the helpful discussion with Aixue Hu, which significantly improved the manuscript. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 2356 EP 2373 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00323.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 916ZX UT WOS:000302142800011 ER PT J AU Sedlar, J Shupe, MD Tjernstrom, M AF Sedlar, Joseph Shupe, Matthew D. Tjernstrom, Michael TI On the Relationship between Thermodynamic Structure and Cloud Top, and Its Climate Significance in the Arctic SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE; TEMPERATURE INVERSION; STRATUS CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ANNUAL CYCLE; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; REMOTE SENSORS; DOPPLER RADAR; PART I; SURFACE AB Cloud and thermodynamic characteristics from three Arctic observation sites are investigated to understand the collocation between low-level clouds and temperature inversions. A regime where cloud top was 100-200 m above the inversion base [cloud inside inversion (CII)] was frequently observed at central Arctic Ocean sites, while observations from Barrow, Alaska, indicate that cloud tops were more frequently constrained to inversion base height [cloud capped by inversion (CCI)]. Cloud base and top heights were lower, and temperature inversions were also stronger and deeper, during CII cases. Both cloud regimes were often decoupled from the surface except for CCI over Barrow. In-cloud lapse rates differ and suggest increased cloud-mixing potential for CII cases. Specific humidity inversions were collocated with temperature inversions for more than 60% of the CCI and more than 85% of the CII regimes. Horizontal advection of heat and moisture is hypothesized as an important process controlling thermodynamic structure and efficiency of cloud-generated motions. The portion of CII clouds above the inversion contains cloud radar signatures consistent with cloud droplets. The authors test the longwave radiative impact of cloud liquid above the inversion through hypothetical liquid water distributions. Optically thin CII clouds alter the effective cloud emission temperature and can lead to an increase in surface flux on the order of 1.5 W m(-2) relative to the same cloud but whose top does not extend above the inversion base. The top of atmosphere impact is even larger, increasing outgoing longwave radiation up to 10 W m(-2). These results suggest a potentially significant longwave radiative forcing via simple liquid redistributions for a distinctly dominant cloud regime over sea ice. C1 [Sedlar, Joseph] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Remote Sensing Div, Res Dept, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Tjernstrom, Michael] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tjernstrom, Michael] Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Sedlar, J (reprint author), Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Remote Sensing Div, Res Dept, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. EM joseph.sedlar@smhi.se RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ARC0732925, ARC1023366]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63965]; Swedish Research Council; European Union; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat FX The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback. JS and MT were supported by the Swedish Research Council, the European Union 6th Framework program DAMOCLES, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat. MS was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (ARC0732925, ARC1023366) and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER63965). Observational data used in this study were provided by the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, the SHEBA Project Office at the University of Washington, and the ASCOS Program Office at Stockholm University. NR 49 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 2374 EP 2393 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00186.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 916ZX UT WOS:000302142800012 ER PT J AU Persad, GG Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Persad, Geeta G. Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI Tropical Tropospheric-Only Responses to Absorbing Aerosols SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE RESPONSE; BLACK CARBON; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; ATMOSPHERE; CLOUDS AB Absorbing aerosols affect the earth's climate through direct radiative heating of the troposphere. This study analyzes the tropical tropospheric-only response to a globally uniform increase in black carbon, simulated with an atmospheric general circulation model, to gain insight into the interactions that determine the radiative flux perturbation. Over the convective regions, heating in the free troposphere hinders the vertical development of deep cumulus clouds, resulting in the detrainment of more cloudy air into the large-scale environment and stronger cloud reflection. A different mechanism operates over the subsidence regions, where heating near the boundary layer top causes a substantial reduction in low cloud amount thermodynamically by decreasing relative humidity and dynamically by lowering cloud top. These findings, which align well with previous general circulation model and large-eddy simulation calculations for black carbon, provide physically based explanations for the main characteristics of the tropical tropospheric adjustment. The implications for quantifying the climate perturbation posed by absorbing aerosols are discussed. C1 [Persad, Geeta G.; Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Persad, GG (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM geeta.persad@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 FU Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program FX We thank Massimo Bollasina and Jean-Christopher Golaz for reviews of an earlier draft, and Philip Stier, Simon Klemperer, and Ken Caldeira for research guidance. G. P. was supported during the initial phase of research by the Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program, administered by NOAA's Office of Education. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 2471 EP 2480 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00122.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 916ZX UT WOS:000302142800018 ER PT J AU Kim, JE Hong, SY AF Kim, Jung-Eun Hong, Song-You TI A Global Atmospheric Analysis Dataset Downscaled from the NCEP-DOE Reanalysis SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; FORECAST SYSTEM; SOLAR-RADIATION; SUMMER MONSOON; MODEL; CLIMATE; IMPACT; FLUX AB A global atmospheric analysis dataset is constructed via a spectral nudging technique. The 6-hourly National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis from January 1979 to February 2011 is utilized to force large-scale information, whereas a higher-resolution structure is resolved by a global model with improved physics. The horizontal resolution of the downscaled data is about 100 km, twice that of the NCEP-DOE reanalysis. A comparison of the 31-yr downscaled data with reanalysis data and observations reveals that the downscaled precipitation climatology is improved by correcting inherent biases in the lower-resolution reanalysis, and large-scale patterns are preserved. In addition, it is found that global downscaling is an efficient way to generate high-quality analysis data due to the use of a higher-resolution model with improved physics. The uniqueness of the obtained data lies in the fact that an undesirable decadal trend in the analysis due to a change in the amount of observations used in reanalysis is avoided. As such, a downscaled dataset may be used to investigate changes in the hydrological cycle and related mechanisms. C1 [Kim, Jung-Eun; Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, Jung-Eun] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kim, Jung-Eun] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM shong@yonsei.ac.kr RI Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology; KISTI supercomputing center [KSC-2010-G2-0001] FX This work was funded by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology. The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the KISTI supercomputing center through the strategic support program for the supercomputing application research (KSC-2010-G2-0001). NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 2527 EP 2534 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00534.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 916ZX UT WOS:000302142800023 ER PT J AU Braun, RJ Usha, R McFadden, GB Driscoll, TA Cook, LP King-Smith, PE AF Braun, R. J. Usha, R. McFadden, G. B. Driscoll, T. A. Cook, L. P. King-Smith, P. E. TI Thin film dynamics on a prolate spheroid with application to the cornea SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Cornea; Curved substrate; Lubrication theory; Tear film; Thin film flow ID PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM; SINGLE-EQUATION MODELS; SURFACE-TENSION; LIPID LAYER; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; OCULAR SURFACE; BLINK CYCLE; EVAPORATION; THICKNESS; EYE AB The tear film on the front of the eye is critical to proper eyesight; in many mathematical models of the tear film, the tear film is assumed to be on a flat substrate. We re-examine this assumption by studying the effect of a substrate which is representative of the human cornea. We study the flow of a thin fluid film on a prolate spheroid which is a good approximation to the shape of the human cornea. Two lubrication models for the dynamics of the film are studied in prolate spheroidal coordinates which are appropriate for this situation. One is a self-consistent leading-order hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) valid for relatively large substrate curvature; the other retains the next higher-order terms resulting in a fourth-order parabolic PDE for the film dynamics. The former is studied for both Newtonian and Ellis (shear thinning) fluids; for typical tear film parameter values, the shear thinning is too small to be significant in this model. For larger shear thinning, we find a significant effect on finite-time singularities. The second model is studied for a Newtonian fluid and allows for a meniscus at one end of the domain. We do not find a strong effect on the thinning rate at the center of the cornea. We conclude that the corneal shape does not have a significant effect on the thinning rate of the tear film for typical conditions. C1 [Braun, R. J.; Driscoll, T. A.; Cook, L. P.] Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Usha, R.] Indian Inst Technol Madras, Dept Math, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. [McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [King-Smith, P. E.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Braun, RJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM braun@math.udel.edu RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU National Science Foundation [0616483, 1022706]; Institute for Mathematics and Its Application, University of Minnesota; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware FX This material based upon this study is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0616483 and 1022706. R.J.B. thanks H. Abelman for helpful discussion and the Institute for Mathematics and Its Application, University of Minnesota, for its hospitality and support during this project. R. U. thanks the Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware for its support and hospitality while on sabbatical leave there. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD APR PY 2012 VL 73 IS 1 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s10665-011-9482-4 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 916CB UT WOS:000302073200009 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Montgomery, MT AF Zhang, Jun A. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Observational Estimates of the Horizontal Eddy Diffusivity and Mixing Length in the Low-Level Region of Intense Hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; INSTRUMENT WETTING ERRORS; HEIGHT-RESOLVING MODELS; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; PART II; TURBULENT FLUXES; DYNAMICS AB This study examines further the characteristics of turbulent flow in the low-level region of intense hurricanes using in situ aircraft observations. The data analyzed here are the flight-level data collected by research aircraft that penetrated the eyewalls of category-5 Hurricane Hugo (1989), category-4 Hurricane Allen (1980), and category-5 Hurricane David (1979) between 1 km and the sea surface. Estimates of horizontal eddy momentum flux, horizontal eddy diffusivity, and horizontal mixing length are obtained. It is found that the horizontal momentum flux and horizontal diffusivity increase with increasing wind speed. The horizontal mixing length increases slightly with wind speed also, but the mixing length is not significantly dependent on the wind speed. The magnitude of the horizontal momentum flux is found to be comparable to that of the vertical momentum flux, indicating that horizontal mixing by turbulence becomes nonnegligible in the hurricane boundary layer, especially in the eyewall region. Within the context of simple K theory, the results suggest that the average horizontal eddy diffusivity and mixing length are approximately 1500 m(2) s(-1) and 750 m, respectively, at about 500 m in the eyewall region corresponding to the mean wind speed of approximately 52 m s(-1). It is recalled also that the mixing length is a virtual scale in numerical models and is quantitatively smaller than the energy-containing scale of turbulent eddies. The distinction between these two scales is a useful reminder for the modeling community on the representation of small-scale turbulence in hurricanes. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div,CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div,CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 FU NOAA HFIP; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, the U.S. Office of Naval Research [N0001411WX20095]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0715426] FX The first author JZ was supported through the NOAA HFIP program. MTM acknowledges support from NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, the U.S. Office of Naval Research Grant N0001411WX20095 and the National Science Foundation AGS-0715426. We would like to give special acknowledgement to all the scientists and crew members who have been involved the Hurricane Research Division field program to help collect the data used in this study. Without their efforts, this work would have been impossible. We acknowledge Mark Donelan for helpful suggestions. We thank Neal Dorst for providing the storm track data for Hurricane Allen (1980). Author JZ appreciates helpful discussions and encouragement from Frank Marks and Robert Rogers. He is grateful also to George Bryan and Richard Rotunno for helpful discussions during his visit to NCAR. Finally, we wish to acknowledge Roger Smith and two anonymous reviewers for their substantive and highly perceptive comments that led to improvements of the paper. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1306 EP 1316 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0180.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917VN UT WOS:000302206800009 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, RA Love, DC Stewart, JR Tajuba, J Knee, J Dickerson, JW Webster, LF Sobsey, MD AF Rodriguez, Roberto A. Love, David C. Stewart, Jill R. Tajuba, Julianne Knee, Jacqueline Dickerson, Jerold W., Jr. Webster, Laura F. Sobsey, Mark D. TI Comparison of methods for the detection of coliphages in recreational water at two California, United States beaches SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Somatic coliphages; Male-specific coliphages; Two-step enrichment; Single agar layer; Rapid CLAT coliphage detection; Seawater; Latex agglutination immunoassay ID HUMAN VIRUSES; INDICATOR ORGANISMS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FECAL CONTAMINATION; LATEX AGGLUTINATION; MODEL ORGANISMS; COASTAL WATERS; MARINE BEACH; QUALITY; ILLNESS AB Methods for detection of two fecal indicator viruses, F+ and somatic coliphages, were evaluated for application to recreational marine water. Marine water samples were collected during the summer of 2007 in Southern California, United States from transects along Avalon Beach (n = 186 samples) and Doheny Beach (n = 101 samples). Coliphage detection methods included EPA method 1601 - two-step enrichment (ENR), EPA method 1602 - single agar layer (SAL), and variations of ENR. Variations included comparison of two incubation times (overnight and 5-h incubation) and two final detection steps (lysis zone assay and a rapid latex agglutination assay). A greater number of samples were positive for somatic and F+ coliphages by ENR than by SAL (p < 0.01). The standard ENR with overnight incubation and detection by lysis zone assay was the most sensitive method for the detection of F+ and somatic coliphages from marine water, although the method takes up to three days to obtain results. A rapid 5-h enrichment version of ENR also performed well, with more positive samples than SAL and could be performed in roughly 24 h. Latex agglutination-based detection methods require the least amount of time to perform, although the sensitivity was less than lysis zone-based detection methods. Rapid culture-based enrichment of coliphages in marine water may be possible by further optimizing culture-based methods for saline water conditions to generate higher viral titers than currently available, as well as increasing the sensitivity of latex agglutination detection methods. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez, Roberto A.; Love, David C.; Stewart, Jill R.; Tajuba, Julianne; Knee, Jacqueline; Sobsey, Mark D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Stewart, Jill R.; Dickerson, Jerold W., Jr.; Webster, Laura F.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Rodriguez, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Agr Engn, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ralerodriguez12@gmail.com FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; Southern California Coastal Water Research Project; Cooperative Institute of Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology FX This work was funded in part by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project and the Cooperative Institute of Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD APR PY 2012 VL 181 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.013 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 921UC UT WOS:000302502200011 PM 22306107 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, EM Myers, JM Gustafson, RG AF Iwamoto, Eric M. Myers, James M. Gustafson, Richard G. TI Resurrecting an extinct salmon evolutionarily significant unit: archived scales, historical DNA and implications for restoration SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolutionarily significant unit; kokanee; microsatellite DNA; Oncorhynchus nerka; population extinction; re-introduction ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CONTEMPORARY SAMPLES; TRUTTA POPULATIONS; TEMPORAL STABILITY; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; TROUT POPULATIONS AB Archival scales from 603 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), sampled from May to July 1924 in the lower Columbia River, were analysed for genetic variability at 12 microsatellite loci and compared to 17 present-day O.nerka populationsexhibiting either anadromous (sockeye salmon) or nonanadromous (kokanee) life historiesfrom throughout the Columbia River Basin, including areas upstream of impassable dams built subsequent to 1924. Statistical analyses identified four major genetic assemblages of sockeye salmon in the 1924 samples. Two of these putative historical groupings were found to be genetically similar to extant evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) in the Okanogan and Wenatchee Rivers (pairwise FST = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively), and assignment tests were able to allocate 77% of the fish in these two historical groupings to the contemporary Okanogan River and Lake Wenatchee ESUs. A third historical genetic grouping was most closely aligned with contemporary sockeye salmon in Redfish Lake, Idaho, although the association was less robust (pairwise FST = 0.060). However, a fourth genetic grouping did not appear to be related to any contemporary sockeye salmon or kokanee population, assigned poorly to the O.nerka baseline, and had distinctive early return migration timing, suggesting that this group represents a historical ESU originating in headwater lakes in British Columbia that was probably extirpated sometime after 1924. The lack of a contemporary O.nerka population possessing the genetic legacy of this extinct ESU indicates that efforts to reestablish early-migrating sockeye salmon to the headwater lakes region of the Columbia River will be difficult. C1 [Iwamoto, Eric M.; Myers, James M.; Gustafson, Richard G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Mtlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rick.gustafson@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Sue Karren and the staff at the National Archives, Pacific Alaska Region, for their assistance in locating and retrieving historical scale notebooks from the USBF files. We also thank David Teel, Robin Waples, Gary Winans, Mike Ford, Jeff Hard, Linda Park, Professor Michael Hansen (Subject Editor) and three anonymous peer reviewers for providing valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript and Damon Holzer for assistance with the figures. We are grateful to various personnel that assisted in collecting contemporary genetic samples from the ODFW, WDFW, Okanagan Nation Alliance and Province of British Columbia. This research was supported by separate Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grants to the first and second authors. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the work of Harlan B. Holmes (18981975), U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, who oversaw the collection of the scales in the 1920s and whose numerous field notes and reports provided us with considerable insight into the biology of sockeye salmon in a free-flowing Columbia River. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1567 EP 1582 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05419.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 914FB UT WOS:000301933600005 PM 22221423 ER PT J AU Wong, KKF Harris, JL AF Wong, Kevin K. F. Harris, John L. TI Seismic damage and fragility analysis of structures with tuned mass dampers based on plastic energy SO STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC STRUCTURES; REINFORCED-CONCRETE; STEEL STRUCTURES; DESIGN FORMULAS; GROUND MOTION; BUILDINGS; SYSTEMS; METHODOLOGY; RELIABILITY; BRIDGES AB The effectiveness of using a tuned mass damper (TMD) to improve a structure's ability to dissipate earthquake input energy is investigated through the use of seismic fragility curves. The nonlinear material behaviour of the structure is captured using the force analogy method, the backbone for analytically quantifying plastic energy dissipation in the structure. Numerical analysis was performed to study the global response and local energy dissipation of a six-storey moment-resisting steel frame with and without a TMD installed for 100 simulated non-stationary Gaussian earthquake ground motions. The effectiveness of the TMD, based on reduction of seismic responses and enhancement of the seismic fragility, is considered at structural performance levels for immediate occupancy and life safety as identified in FEMA 440. An equivalent monotonic plastic strain approacha local measure of structural damageis used to correlate the seismic fragilities at different global performance levels based on storey drift. Results illustrate that a TMD can enhance the structure's ability to dissipate energy at low levels of earthquake shaking, while less effective during moderate to strong earthquakes, which can cause a significant period shift associated with major structural damage. This de-tuning effect suggests that an extremely sizable TMD is not effective in reducing damage of a structure. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wong, Kevin K. F.; Harris, John L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong, KKF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8604, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kfwong@nist.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-7794 EI 1541-7808 J9 STRUCT DES TALL SPEC JI Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 296 EP 310 DI 10.1002/tal.604 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 905QV UT WOS:000301288300005 ER PT J AU Wu, RG Yang, S Wen, ZP Huang, G Hu, KM AF Wu, Renguang Yang, Song Wen, Zhiping Huang, Gang Hu, Kaiming TI Interdecadal change in the relationship of southern China summer rainfall with tropical Indo-Pacific SST SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NCEP-NCAR REANALYSIS; EAST-ASIAN MONSOON; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; WINTER SNOW; VARIABILITY; ENSO; PRECIPITATION AB The present study investigates the interdecadal change in the relationship between southern China (SC) summer rainfall and tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). It is found that the pattern of tropical Indo-Pacific SST anomalies associated with SC summer rainfall variability tends to be opposite between the 1950-1960s and the 1980-1990s. Above-normal SC rainfall corresponds to warmer SST in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO) and cooler SST in the equatorial central Pacific (ECP) during the 1950-1960s but opposite SST anomalies in these regions during the 1980-1990s. A pronounced difference is also found in anomalous atmospheric circulation linking SEIO SST and SC rainfall between the two periods. In the 1950-1960s, two anomalous vertical circulations are present between ascent over SEIO and ascent over SC, with a common branch of descent over the South China Sea that is accompanied by an anomalous low-level anticyclone. In the 1980-1990s, however, a single anomalous vertical circulation directly connects ascent over SC to descent over SEIO. The change in the rainfall-SST relationship is likely related to a change in the magnitude of SEIO SST forcing and a change in the atmospheric response to the SST forcing due to different mean states. A larger SEIO SST forcing coupled with a stronger and more extensive western North Pacific subtropical high in recent decades induce circulation anomalies reaching higher latitudes, influencing SC directly. Present analysis shows that the SEIO and ECP SST anomalies can contribute to SC summer rainfall variability both independently and in concert. In comparison, there are more cases of concerted contributions due to the co-variability between the Indian and Pacific Ocean SSTs. C1 [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wen, Zhiping] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Monsoon & Environm Res, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Huang, Gang; Hu, Kaiming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wu, RG (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Fok Ying Tung Remote Sensing Sci Bldg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM renguang@cuhk.edu.hk RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Hu, kaiming/H-1555-2011; Hu, kaiming/S-7586-2016; OI huang, gang/0000-0002-8692-7856 FU Chinese University of Hong Kong [2021090]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40890155, U0733002, 40810059005] FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments. RW acknowledge the support of a Direct Grant from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (2021090). HG and KH are supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 40890155, U0733002, and 40810059005). NR 43 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s00704-011-0519-4 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918RI UT WOS:000302267800010 ER PT J AU Doswell, CA Carbin, GW Brooks, HE AF Doswell, Charles A., III Carbin, Gregory W. Brooks, Harold E. TI The tornadoes of spring 2011 in the USA: an historical perspective SO WEATHER LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION C1 [Doswell, Charles A., III] Doswell Sci Consulting, Norman, OK USA. [Doswell, Charles A., III] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Carbin, Gregory W.] NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Doswell, CA (reprint author), Doswell Sci Consulting, Norman, OK USA. EM cdoswell@earthlink.net NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1656 J9 WEATHER JI Weather PD APR PY 2012 VL 67 IS 4 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1002/wea.1902 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 915WV UT WOS:000302059200008 ER PT J AU Camara, JE Lippa, KA Duewer, DL Gasca-Aragon, H Toman, B AF Camara, Johanna E. Lippa, Katrice A. Duewer, David L. Gasca-Aragon, Hugo Toman, Blaza TI An international assessment of the metrological equivalence of higher-order measurement services for creatinine in serum SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Creatinine; Certified reference material; Degree of equivalence; Key comparison; Metrology; National metrology institute AB The Consultative committee for amount of substance-metrology in chemistry (CCQM)-K80 Key Comparison directly assessed the equivalence of many of the world's higher-order value-assigned materials (HOVAMs) for creatinine in human serum. This 2009 international study compared the certified values and uncertainties of the materials using measurements made under repeatability conditions. The study evaluated 17 materials submitted by 6 national metrology institutes (NMIs). The creatinine quantity in these materials ranged from 3 mg/kg to 57 mg/kg (about 0.3 mg/dL to 6 mg/dL or 30 nmol/L to 500 nmol/L). All materials were stored and prepared according the specifications provided by the participating NMIs. Samples were processed and analyzed under repeatability conditions by one analyst using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in two measurement campaigns. The certified values and repeatability measurements were compared using uncertainty-weighted generalized distance regression. The instrumental repeatability relative standard deviation was 1.2%. The measurement design required assessment of within-unit and between-campaign variability in addition to measurement repeatability. At a 95% level of confidence, the certified values for all 17 materials agreed to within their assigned uncertainties. CCQM-K80 demonstrated the metrological equivalence of the currently available HOVAMs for creatinine in human serum and of the creatinine measurement services provided by the participating NMIs. C1 [Camara, Johanna E.; Lippa, Katrice A.; Duewer, David L.; Gasca-Aragon, Hugo] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gasca-Aragon, Hugo] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Toman, Blaza] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Camara, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johanna.camara@nist.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2012 VL 403 IS 2 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-5869-y PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 918NM UT WOS:000302256800019 PM 22392375 ER PT J AU Toman, B Duewer, DL Aragon, HG Guenther, FR Rhoderick, GC AF Toman, Blaza Duewer, David L. Aragon, Hugo Gasca Guenther, Franklin R. Rhoderick, George C. TI A Bayesian approach to the evaluation of comparisons of individually value-assigned reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; Degrees of equivalence; Generalized distance regression; Leave-one-out analysis; Posterior coverage probability AB Several recent international comparison studies used a relatively novel experimental design to evaluate the measurement capabilities of participating organizations. These studies compared the values assigned by each participant to one or more qualitatively similar materials with measurements made on all of the materials by one laboratory under repeatability conditions. A statistical model was then established relating the values to the repeatability measurements; the extent of agreement between the assigned value(s) and the consensus model reflected the participants' measurement capabilities. Since each participant used their own supplies, equipment, and methods to produce and value-assign their material(s), the agreement between the assigned value(s) and the model was a fairer reflection of their intrinsic capabilities than provided by studies that directly compared time- and material-constrained measurements on unknown samples prepared elsewhere. A new statistical procedure is presented for the analysis of such data. The procedure incorporates several novel concepts, most importantly a leave-one-out strategy for the estimation of the consensus value of the measurand, model fitting via Bayesian posterior probabilities, and posterior coverage probability calculation for the assigned 95% uncertainty intervals. The benefits of the new procedure are illustrated using data from the CCQM-K54 comparison of eight cylinders of n-hexane in methane. C1 [Toman, Blaza] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duewer, David L.; Aragon, Hugo Gasca; Guenther, Franklin R.; Rhoderick, George C.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aragon, Hugo Gasca] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Toman, B (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM blaza.toman@nist.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2012 VL 403 IS 2 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-5847-4 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 918NM UT WOS:000302256800020 PM 22389172 ER PT J AU Mancia, A Ryan, JC Chapman, RW Wu, QZ Warr, GW Gulland, FMD Van Dolah, FM AF Mancia, Annalaura Ryan, James C. Chapman, Robert W. Wu, Qingzhong Warr, Gregory W. Gulland, Frances M. D. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Health status, infection and disease in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) studied using a canine microarray platform and machine-learning approaches SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California sea lion; Cross-hybridization; Microarray; Domoic acid toxicity; Leptospirosis; Blood transcriptomics ID DOMOIC ACID TOXICITY; LARGE GENE LISTS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS; BINDING-PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; EPILEPSY; PATHS; TSG-6 AB Conservation biologists face many challenges in assessing health, immune status and infectious diseases in protected species. These challenges include unpredictable sample populations, diverse genetic and environmental backgrounds of the animals, as well as the practical, legal and ethical issues involved in experimentation. The use of whole genome scale transcriptomics with animal samples obtained in a minimally invasive manner is an approach that shows promise for health assessment. In this study we assessed the utility of a microarray to identify changes in gene expression predictive of health status by interrogating blood samples from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in rehabilitation. A custom microarray was developed from the commercially available dog microarray (Canis familiaris) by selecting probes that demonstrated reliable cross-hybridization with RNA in sea lion blood. This custom microarray was used for the analysis of RNA from 73 sea lion blood samples, from animals with a broad spectrum of health changes. Both traditional classifying techniques and newer artificial neural network approaches correctly classified sea lions with respect to health status, primarily distinguishing between leptospirosis infection and domoic acid exposure. Real time PCR validation for a small set of genes, followed by sequencing, showed good correlation with array results and high identity (96-98%) between the dog and sea lion sequences. This approach to health status classification shows promise for disease identification in a clinical setting, and assessment of health status of wildlife. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mancia, Annalaura; Warr, Gregory W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Ryan, James C.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Ryan, James C.; Wu, Qingzhong; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA Ctr Excellence Oceans & Human Hlth, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Mancia, A (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dept Biol & Evolut, Via L Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, FE, Italy. EM annalaura.mancia@unife.it RI mancia, annalaura/F-9706-2013; OI mancia, annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530; Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 FU NOAA; NOAA Oceans; Human Health Initiative; Oiled Wildlife Care Network FX This work was funded by the NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program, the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, and a grant from the Oiled Wildlife Care Network. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2011.10.011 PG 9 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 918UW UT WOS:000302277700001 PM 22067742 ER PT J AU Rundio, DE Williams, TH Pearse, DE Lindley, ST AF Rundio, David E. Williams, Thomas H. Pearse, Devon E. Lindley, Steven T. TI Male-biased sex ratio of nonanadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss in a partially migratory population in California SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Salmonidae; sex ratio; partial migration; anadromy; life history; genetic sex marker ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; STEELHEAD TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEASONAL PATTERNS; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; POLYMORPHISMS; MATURATION; ABUNDANCE; MATURITY AB Differential rates of anadromy between males and females are common in partially migratory salmonid populations, but this pattern is not fully clear for Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout/steelhead) from the limited but mixed data available. In particular, there are very few data on sex ratios of juvenile and nonanadromous (resident) fish to help assess sex composition of various life stages and life-history types. We used a recently developed Y-chromosome genetic marker to assess sex ratio of stream-dwelling (i.e., juvenile and nonanadromous) O. mykiss in a small coastal basin in central California, USA. We analysed 384 samples collected from three contiguous study reaches over 3 years. Sex ratio was 1:1 among juvenile-sized O. mykiss (< 150 mm) but highly male-skewed (83%) among nonanadromous-sized individuals (150 mm), and this sex ratio x size pattern did not differ among years or study reaches. Our results suggest that the rate of anadromy differs between males and females in this basin. Our study also demonstrates the application of new genetic markers to determine sex composition of immature and nonanadromous salmonids, which will help assess sex-specific life-history behaviour in partially migratory populations of O. mykiss and other species. C1 [Rundio, David E.; Williams, Thomas H.; Pearse, Devon E.; Lindley, Steven T.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Rundio, DE (reprint author), 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dave.rundio@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00547.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 905OP UT WOS:000301282400014 ER PT J AU Meador, JP Ylitalo, GM Sommers, FC Boyd, DT AF Meador, James P. Ylitalo, Gina M. Sommers, Frank C. Boyd, Daryle T. TI Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) outmigrating through a contaminated urban estuary: dynamics and application (vol 19, pg 141, 2010) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Meador, James P.; Sommers, Frank C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program,Environm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Boyd, Daryle T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Assessment Program,Environm Conservat Di, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program,Environm, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.meador@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 931 EP 931 DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0833-8 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 915ZE UT WOS:000302065400029 ER PT J AU Srinivas, G Burress, J Yildirim, T AF Srinivas, Gadipelli Burress, Jacob Yildirim, Taner TI Graphene oxide derived carbons (GODCs): synthesis and gas adsorption properties SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ULTRAHIGH SURFACE-AREA; ACTIVATED CARBONS; ENHANCED HYDROGEN; METHANE STORAGE; GRAPHITE OXIDE; CO2 CAPTURE; PORE-SIZE; DIOXIDE; CAPACITY AB We report the synthesis of a range of high surface area graphene oxide derived carbons (GODCs) and their applications toward carbon capture and methane storage. We obtain largely increased surface areas up to nearly 1900 m(2) g(-1) for GODC samples from 10 m(2) g(-1) of precursor graphene oxide (GO). Our GODCs reveal favourable gas adsorption capacities compared to other high surface area carbons. We show that producing high surface area carbons from GO precursor is a viable method, and the porosity parameters are easily tuneable for their potential gas adsorption applications. C1 [Srinivas, Gadipelli; Burress, Jacob; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivas, Gadipelli; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Srinivas, G (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gsrinivasphys@gmail.com; taner@seas.upenn.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010 OI Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905 FU DOE BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by DOE BES grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 51 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 6453 EP 6459 DI 10.1039/c2ee21100a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914WQ UT WOS:000301984200022 ER PT J AU Enochs, IC AF Enochs, Ian C. TI Motile cryptofauna associated with live and dead coral substrates: implications for coral mortality and framework erosion SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REEF FISH ASSEMBLAGES; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RED-SEA; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES; ORGANISMS AB Coral reef cryptofauna are a diverse group of metazoan taxa that live within intra- and inter-skeletal voids formed by framework structures. Despite a hypothesized high biomass and numerous trophic roles, they remain uncharacterized relative to exposed reef communities. Motile cryptofauna were sampled from live coral colonies and dead frameworks typifying four successive levels of degradation on an eastern Pacific pocilloporid reef. Abundances and biomass were higher on live versus dead corals habitats. The density of cryptofauna per volume substrate was highest on dead coral frameworks of intermediate degradation, where complex eroded substrates provide abundant shelters. These data have important and far-reaching ramifications for how the diverse multispecies assemblages that are reef ecosystems will respond to anthropogenic stressors such as those associated with climate change. Extreme levels of coral mortality, bioerosion, and habitat destruction will lead to impairment and eventually loss of ecosystem functions. C1 [Enochs, Ian C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Enochs, IC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ian.enochs@NOAA.gov RI Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU NSF [OCE-0526361]; American Museum of Natural History FX The author is grateful for the unwavering support, expert advice, and inspiring knowledge of Peter W. Glynn. Assistance with fieldwork was provided by L. Toth, V. Brandtneris, D. Manzello, and R. Muthukrishnan. J. Afflerbach, V. Brandtneris, I. Chambers, A. Goodson, A. Gracie, D. Graham, A. Jung, J. Kelly, N. Kraft, L. O'Neill, A. Mallozzi, A. Pflaumer, and S. Thompson helped process specimens. The critical reviews of P. Glynn, A. Bakun, C. Langdon, D. Lirman, D. Manzello, and B. Riegl greatly enhanced the quality of this paper. Financial support for this research was provided by NSF grant OCE-0526361 to P. Glynn and by the American Museum of Natural History Lerner-Gray Fund. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 159 IS 4 BP 709 EP 722 DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1848-7 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913BI UT WOS:000301845900001 ER PT J AU Andrews, KS Quinn, TP AF Andrews, Kelly S. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Combining fishing and acoustic monitoring data to evaluate the distribution and movements of spotted ratfish Hydrolagus colliei SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL MIGRATION; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; DIEL MOVEMENTS; MARINE RESERVE; PUGET-SOUND; HOME-RANGE; REEF FISH; SHARK; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Direct and indirect methods have been used to describe patterns of movement of fishes, but few studies have compared these methods simultaneously. We used 20 years of trawl survey data and 1 year of acoustic telemetry data to evaluate the vertical and horizontal movement patterns of spotted ratfish Hydrolagus colliei in Puget Sound, WA, USA. Densities of large ratfish (a parts per thousand yen30 cm) were higher at the deepest depths trawled (70 m) during daylight hours, whereas densities were similar across depth zones (to 10 m) at night. Acoustic tracking of ratfish showed distinct diel patterns of movement and activity level; ratfish moved into shallow, nearshore habitats at night from deeper, offshore habitats during the day and made similar to 3 times more moves at night than day in shallow habitats. Broader spatial patterns depended on where ratfish were tagged: one tag group remained in one general location with few excursions, whereas a second tag group moved within a 20-km band with some individuals moving > 90 km. These data will help inform food web models' abilities to quantify interspecific interactions between ratfish and other components of their community. C1 [Andrews, Kelly S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andrews, KS (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kelly.andrews@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 FU NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Charlie Eaton, owner/operator of the R/V Kittiwake, and all of the students and teaching assistants involved in UW's Fisheries Ecology course for helping to collect the trawl data over the past 20 years. We also thank J. Scheuerell and C. Ewing for their help in designing the online acoustic detections database, HYDRA, used by researchers in Puget Sound; N. Tolimieri for statistical help with GAMM and sp(pow). This work was supported by the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 159 IS 4 BP 769 EP 782 DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1853-x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913BI UT WOS:000301845900006 ER PT J AU Pollanen, R Siiskonen, T Ihantola, S Toivonen, H Pelikan, A Inn, K La Rosa, J Bene, BJ AF Pollanen, R. Siiskonen, T. Ihantola, S. Toivonen, H. Pelikan, A. Inn, K. La Rosa, J. Bene, B. J. TI Determination of Pu-239/Pu-240 isotopic ratio by high-resolution alpha-particle spectrometry using the ADAM program SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Alpha spectrometry; Spectrum unfolding; Plutonium; Isotopic ratio ID SPECTRAL DECONVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ATOM RATIO; PU-240/PU-239; CODE AB A novel analysis program to unfold alpha-particle energy spectra was introduced, demonstrated and validated using radiochemically processed test sources, which contained different amounts of Pu-239 and Pu-240. A high-resolution alpha spectrometer was used for data acquisition. The software known as ADAM unfolds the spectra using nuclide-specific decay data as a constraint. The peaks can have different shapes and the software can also cope with the coincidences between alpha particles and electrons/photons. In the present paper, the Pu-239/Pu-240 activity ratios from alpha spectrometry agreed, within the stated uncertainties, with the reference values. Number of counts in the Pu-239,Pu-240 peak group must be larger than 100 to obtain reliable values when using semiconductor detector of energy resolution FWHM=10.6 keV. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pollanen, R.; Siiskonen, T.; Ihantola, S.; Toivonen, H.] STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, FI-00881 Helsinki, Finland. [Inn, K.; La Rosa, J.; Bene, B. J.] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Radioact Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pollanen, R (reprint author), STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, POB 14, FI-00881 Helsinki, Finland. EM roy.pollanen@stuk.fi OI Ihantola, Sakari/0000-0003-0630-6724 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD APR PY 2012 VL 70 IS 4 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.12.026 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 913YW UT WOS:000301914300028 PM 22227537 ER PT J AU Hayes, DJ Turner, DP Stinson, G McGuire, AD Wei, YX West, TO Heath, LS Dejong, B McConkey, BG Birdsey, RA Kurz, WA Jacobson, AR Huntzinger, DN Pan, YD Mac Post, W Cook, RB AF Hayes, Daniel J. Turner, David P. Stinson, Graham McGuire, A. David Wei, Yaxing West, Tristram O. Heath, Linda S. Dejong, Bernardus McConkey, Brian G. Birdsey, Richard A. Kurz, Werner A. Jacobson, Andrew R. Huntzinger, Deborah N. Pan, Yude Mac Post, W. Cook, Robert B. TI Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; carbon cycle; climate change; CO2 emissions; CO2 sinks; forests; inventory; modeling; North America ID LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL PROFILES; FLUX INVERSION; CO2; FOREST; SINKS; CYCLE; RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB We develop an approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using inventory-based information over North America (NA) for a recent 7-year period (ca. 2000-2006). The approach notably retains information on the spatial distribution of NEE, or the vertical exchange between land and atmosphere of all non-fossil fuel sources and sinks of CO2, while accounting for lateral transfers of forest and crop products as well as their eventual emissions. The total NEE estimate of a -327 similar to +/-similar to 252 similar to TgC similar to yr-1 sink for NA was driven primarily by CO2 uptake in the Forest Lands sector (-248 similar to TgC similar to yr-1), largely in the Northwest and Southeast regions of the US, and in the Crop Lands sector (-297 similar to TgC similar to yr-1), predominantly in the Midwest US states. These sinks are counteracted by the carbon source estimated for the Other Lands sector (+218 similar to TgC similar to yr-1), where much of the forest and crop products are assumed to be returned to the atmosphere (through livestock and human consumption). The ecosystems of Mexico are estimated to be a small net source (+18 similar to TgC similar to yr-1) due to land use change between 1993 and 2002. We compare these inventory-based estimates with results from a suite of terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric inversion models, where the mean continental-scale NEE estimate for each ensemble is -511 similar to TgC similar to yr-1 and -931 similar to TgC similar to yr-1, respectively. In the modeling approaches, all sectors, including Other Lands, were generally estimated to be a carbon sink, driven in part by assumed CO2 fertilization and/or lack of consideration of carbon sources from disturbances and product emissions. Additional fluxes not measured by the inventories, although highly uncertain, could add an additional -239 similar to TgC similar to yr-1 to the inventory-based NA sink estimate, thus suggesting some convergence with the modeling approaches. C1 [Hayes, Daniel J.; Wei, Yaxing; Mac Post, W.; Cook, Robert B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Turner, David P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stinson, Graham; Kurz, Werner A.] Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [West, Tristram O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dejong, Bernardus] El Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico. [McConkey, Brian G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON KIA 0C5, Canada. [Birdsey, Richard A.; Pan, Yude] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huntzinger, Deborah N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Hayes, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hayesdj@ornl.gov RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Wei, Yaxing/K-1507-2013; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015; OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Wei, Yaxing/0000-0001-6924-0078; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Kurz, Werner/0000-0003-4576-7849 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; USDA CSREES [2008-35615-18959]; NASA [NNX10AT66G, NNX09AL51G] FX Research was conducted in part at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The research reported in this paper was supported by multiple sources, including USDA CSREES grant 2008-35615-18959, NASA New Investigator Program grant NNX10AT66G and NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program grant NNX09AL51G. The authors would like to thank all of the modeling teams participating in the North American Carbon program and providing simulation result for this analysis through the Regional-Continental Interim Synthesis activity (http://nacarbon.org) and Robert Andres of the Los Alamos National Laboratory for provision of the data on fossil fuel emissions. We also acknowledge the efforts of Chris Williams, Jim Collatz, and the anonymous reviewers for greatly improving the quality of this manuscript through their added insight and constructive criticism. NR 80 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1282 EP 1299 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02627.x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 909AB UT WOS:000301533100007 ER PT J AU Moran, K Pezoa, S Fairall, C Williams, C Ayers, T Brewer, A de Szoeke, SP Ghate, V AF Moran, Ken Pezoa, Sergio Fairall, Chris Williams, Chris Ayers, Tom Brewer, Alan de Szoeke, Simon P. Ghate, Virendra TI A Motion-Stabilized W-Band Radar for Shipboard Observations of Marine Boundary-Layer Clouds SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary-Layer Remote Sensing (ISARS) CY JUN 28-30, 2010 CL Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Paris, FRANCE SP Ecole Polytechnique, CASQY, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales (CNES), CNRS-INSU, EU Program COST, LATMOS, Lab Meteorol Dynamique (LMD), Leosphere, Meteo France, Reg Ile-de-France HO Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) DE Cloud radar; Marine boundary-layer clouds; Shipboard motion stabilization; VOCALS 2008 ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; DOPPLER RADAR; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SPECTRA; GHZ; PRECIPITATION; STRATOCUMULUS; SCATTERING; STRATUS AB Cloud radars at X, Ka and W-bands have been used in the past for ocean studies of clouds, but the lack of suitable stabilization has limited their usefulness in obtaining accurate measurements of the velocity structure of cloud particles and the heights of cloud features. A 94 GHz (W-band) radar suitable for use on shipboard studies of clouds has been developed that is small and lightweight and can maintain the radar's beam pointing in the vertical to reduce the affects of the pitch and roll of the ship. A vertical velocity sensor on the platform allows the effects of the ship's heave to be removed from the measured cloud particle motions. Results from the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-Rex) field program on the NOAA vessel Ronald H. Brown demonstrate the improvements to the cloud measurements after the ship's motion effects are removed. The compact design of the radar also makes it suitable for use in aircraft studies. The radar is being repackaged to fit in an aft bay of a NOAA P3 aircraft to observe sea-spray profiles during ocean storms. C1 [Moran, Ken; Williams, Chris] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pezoa, Sergio; Fairall, Chris; Ayers, Tom] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, PSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Brewer, Alan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [de Szoeke, Simon P.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ghate, Virendra] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Moran, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ken.moran@noaa.gov RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD APR PY 2012 VL 143 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9674-5 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 907ZX UT WOS:000301460900002 ER PT J AU Maity, S Jannasch, A Adamec, J Nalepa, T Hook, TO Sepulveda, MS AF Maity, Suman Jannasch, Amber Adamec, Jiri Nalepa, Thomas Hoeoek, Tomas O. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Starvation causes disturbance in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in Diporeia SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metabolomics; Two dimensional gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Amphipod; Great Lakes ID PONTOPOREIA-AFFINIS LINDSTROM; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; PROTEIN-CONTENT AB The benthic amphipod Diporeia spp. was once the predominant macroinvertebrate in deep, offshore regions of the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, since the early 1990s, Diporeia populations have steadily declined across the area. It has been hypothesized that this decline is due to starvation from increasing competition for food with invasive dreissenid mussels. In order to gain a better understanding of the changes in Diporeia physiology during starvation, we applied two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GCXGC/TOF-MS) for investigating the responses in Diporeia metabolome during starvation. We starved Diporeia for 60 days and collected five organisms every 12 days for metabolome analyses. Upon arrival to the laboratory, organisms were flash frozen and served as control (day 0). We observed an increase in lipid oxidation and protein catabolism with subsequent declines of essential amino acids (proline, glutamine, and phenylalanine), down-regulation of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid abundance in nutritionally stressed Diporeia. Abundance of 1-lodo-2-methylundecane, a metabolite closely related to insect pheromones, also declined with starvation. This research has further substantiated the applicability of GCXGC/TOF-MS as a research tool in the field of environmental metabolomics. The next step is to apply this new knowledge for evaluating nutritional status of feral Diporeia to elucidate the underlying cause(s) responsible for their decline in the Great Lakes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Maity, Suman; Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jannasch, Amber] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr Discovery Pk, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Adamec, Jiri] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Beadle Ctr N151, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM smaity@purdue.edu; hopfas@purdue.edu; jadamec2@unl.edu; thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov; thook@purdue.edu; mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [2008.886] FX This research was supported by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (Grant # 2008.886). We would also like to thank the crews of "The Laurentian" for their help during sample collection; Kimberly Ralston-Hooper for providing valuable input for the experimental set-up during its initial phase; Michael Gribskov for providing assistance with the statistical analyses; and Nicholas McCann and Payel Acharya for proving thoughtful suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 161 IS 4 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.12.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 910AJ UT WOS:000301609300007 PM 22266428 ER PT J AU Krause, U Grosshandler, W Gritzo, L AF Krause, Ulrich Grosshandler, William Gritzo, Louis TI The International FORUM of Fire Research Directors: A position paper on sustainability and fire safety SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sustainability; Fire safety; Infrastructure; Construction AB Construction of sustainable, energy efficient buildings, infrastructure and transportation systems is a worthwhile and necessary goal to address critical worldwide environmental and energy concerns. However, as societies move toward this goal, it is the position of the International Forum of Fire Research Directors that the safety of the public and the protection of property against losses due to fire should not, and need not, be compromised in its pursuit. Fire safety consideration should form an unrenouncable part of any new product or technology developed to promote sustainable construction, and acceptable solutions to acute fire safety concerns must not pose a threat to the long term health of workers, fire fighters or the general public. This paper concentrates primarily on fire safety performance of new products, materials and technologies associated with the move toward sustainable communities, while recognizing that there are also issues confronting the fire safe design of buildings and infrastructure with features such as natural daylighting, natural ventilation, "smart facade" technologies, intelligent building controls, and water reduction strategies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Grosshandler, William] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krause, Ulrich] Otto Von Guericke Univ, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. [Gritzo, Louis] FM Global, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. RP Grosshandler, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.grosshandler@nist.gov RI Krause, Ulrich/E-6592-2013 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2012 VL 49 BP 79 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.01.003 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 910HR UT WOS:000301628300008 ER PT J AU Bernal, M Somarakis, S Witthames, PR van Damme, CJG Uriarte, A Lo, NCH Dickey-Collas, M AF Bernal, M. Somarakis, S. Witthames, P. R. van Damme, C. J. G. Uriarte, A. Lo, N. C. H. Dickey-Collas, M. TI Egg production methods in marine fisheries: An introduction SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fish egg production methods; Daily egg production method; Annual egg production method; DEPM; AEPM ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; MACKEREL TRACHURUS-TRACHURUS; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; SPAWNING-STOCK BIOMASS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ICHTHYOPLANKTON MORTALITY-RATES; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L.; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; NORTH-SEA PLAICE AB This paper is an introduction of the Fisheries Research special issue on egg production methods (EPM) that emerged from a dedicated workshop held in Athens. Greece, in 2010. The workshop considered if EPMs are still valid today, it reviewed recent developments in the methods and discussed the utility of EPMs in the future. Importantly, experts from both the daily and the annual egg production methods took part in the workshop. This introduction provides the main concepts underlying EPMs. It also gives a brief history of EPM development over the last two decades with examples of their use worldwide. It provides a review on whether EPMs have fulfilled their objectives. Given their increased utilisation on new fish stocks, and their contribution to scientific advances, EPMs continue to be useful. However, concerns about the bias and precision of the methods remain, and a continuous effort to improve those issues together with the cost-efficiency of the methods is still required. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bernal, M.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Bernal, M.] Ctr Oceanog Cadiz, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Cadiz 11006, Spain. [Somarakis, S.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Witthames, P. R.] CEFAS, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. [van Damme, C. J. G.; Dickey-Collas, M.] Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Uriarte, A.] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Pasaia 20110, Basque Country, Spain. [Lo, N. C. H.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Bernal, M (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. EM mbernal@icm.csic.es RI Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008 NR 99 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 117 SI SI BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.01.001 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 906ZI UT WOS:000301387200001 ER PT J AU Dickey-Collas, M Somarakis, S Witthames, PR van Damme, CJG Uriarte, A Lo, NCH Bernal, M AF Dickey-Collas, Mark Somarakis, Stylianos Witthames, Peter R. van Damme, Cindy J. G. Uriarte, Andres Lo, Nancy C. H. Bernal, Miguel TI Where do egg production methods for estimating fish biomass go from here? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ichthyoplankton; Surveys; Reproduction; AEPM; DEMP; Spawning ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; GADUS-MORHUA-L.; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L.; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; SOLEA-SOLEA L.; POSTOVULATORY FOLLICLES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TRACHURUS-TRACHURUS; MULTINOMIAL MODELS AB The special theme volume of Fisheries Research is intended to synthesise the current understanding of the methods and applicability of egg production methods (EPM). It originates from a workshop in Athens which also focused on the future challenges to both the science and logistics of carrying out and using egg production methods. This synthesis addresses three interlinked challenges for those using EPM; how methods have, and need to be, improved, what added value can EPM provide directly to aid advice for management of the marine environment and lastly what extra understanding can EPM bring to marine science? EPM surveys offer some of the most intensive sampling of plankton and adult fish populations in fisheries science. They provide, and will probably provide further insights into fish reproductive processes, embryonic development and spatial and temporal variability in fish populations. Researchers should be encouraged to examine new methods for representative real-time sampling, swift processing of samples and integration of sampling of adults and plankton. EPM provides managers with many "added value" products on habitats and spawning and already provides platforms for monitoring hydrography, zooplankton distributions and acoustic back scatter. Some EPM surveys also incorporate monitoring of birds and sea mammals. EPM, together with aquaculture, has progressed understanding of fish reproductive biology and embryo development. EPM provides long time series of both the ichthyoplankton and fish reproductive traits thus enabling informed study of regime change, variability and ecosystem status. As the EPM become more developed, we expect that these contributions to marine science will increase. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dickey-Collas, Mark; van Damme, Cindy J. G.] Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Somarakis, Stylianos] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Witthames, Peter R.] CEFAS, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. [Uriarte, Andres] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Pasaia 20110, Basque Country, Spain. [Lo, Nancy C. H.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bernal, Miguel] IEO, Ctr Oceanog Cadiz, Cadiz 11006, Spain. [Bernal, Miguel] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. RP Dickey-Collas, M (reprint author), Wageningen IMARES, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. EM mark.dickeycollas@wur.nl RI Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008 NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 117 SI SI BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.01.002 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 906ZI UT WOS:000301387200002 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P AF Dizdaroglu, Miral Jaruga, Pawel TI Mechanisms of free radical-induced damage to DNA SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE free radicals; hydroxyl radical; hydrated electron; hydrogen atom; mechanisms of product formation; DNA base damage; DNA sugar damage; tandem lesions; clustered lesions; DNA-protein cross-links ID PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; IRRADIATED NUCLEIC-ACIDS; ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION; STRAND BREAK FORMATION; DOUBLE-BASE LESIONS; UNIMOLECULAR TRANSFORMATION REACTIONS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARRINELLO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIATION-INDUCED FORMATION AB Endogenous and exogenous sources cause free radical-induced DNA damage in living organisms by a variety of mechanisms. The highly reactive hydroxyl radical reacts with the heterocyclic DNA bases and the sugar moiety near or at diffusion-controlled rates. Hydrated electron and H atom also add to the heterocyclic bases. These reactions lead to adduct radicals, further reactions of which yield numerous products. These include DNA base and sugar products, single-and double-strand breaks, 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides, tandem lesions, clustered sites and DNA-protein cross-links. Reaction conditions and the presence or absence of oxygen profoundly affect the types and yields of the products. There is mounting evidence for an important role of free radical-induced DNA damage in the etiology of numerous diseases including cancer. Further understanding of mechanisms of free radical-induced DNA damage, and cellular repair and biological consequences of DNA damage products will be of outmost importance for disease prevention and treatment. C1 [Dizdaroglu, Miral; Jaruga, Pawel] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 279 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 9 U2 119 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PD APR PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 382 EP 419 DI 10.3109/10715762.2011.653969 PG 38 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 907ZA UT WOS:000301458200003 PM 22276778 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Todd, CD AF Friedland, Kevin D. Todd, Christopher D. TI Changes in Northwest Atlantic Arctic and Subarctic conditions and the growth response of Atlantic salmon SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Sea surface temperature; Growth; Sea ice; Chlorophyll ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SALAR L.; THERMAL HABITAT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POST-SMOLTS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; WEST GREENLAND; BODY-SIZE AB There has been a systematic change in the weight at age of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Northwest Atlantic that is related to climate variability. This relationship emerged from analyses of broad-scale measures of ocean surface thermal habitat, which show that expansion of the area bounding 4-8A degrees C is associated with greater growth. To further elucidate the effect of the environment on salmon growth, time series of sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice coverage, chlorophyll concentration, net primary production and zooplankton abundance were examined temporally and spatially in relation to changes in the weight of salmon. SST and zooplankton data were extracted from in situ analyses, whereas sea ice and chlorophyll-based measures of productivity were collected with satellite sensors. Salmon growth was found to be unrelated to productivity at the base of the food chain but highly associated with thermal regime during winter and spring. Warming conditions during specific segments of the salmon life cycle have been associated with poor adult recruitment; yet, warming during others is beneficial to salmon growth and is assumed to increase reproductive output of spawning fish. Despite these positive influences, climate change will continue to erode the viability of salmon populations while the negative effects of warming on survivorship outweigh the benefits of any increase in reproductive output related to growth. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Todd, Christopher D.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov; cdt@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Todd, Christopher/D-7528-2013 OI Todd, Christopher/0000-0003-3489-6004 NR 72 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 593 EP 609 DI 10.1007/s00300-011-1105-z PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907XA UT WOS:000301451600012 ER PT J AU Hondolero, D Bluhm, BA Iken, K AF Hondolero, Dominic Bluhm, Bodil A. Iken, Katrin TI Caloric content of dominant benthic species from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas: historical comparisons and the effects of preservation SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caloric content; Benthos; Preservation effects; Arctic; Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea ID PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; INVERTEBRATES; ATLANTIC; ECOSYSTEM; VALUES; SHIFT; WATER AB Energy density of a prey item provides information about the nutrition of a predator. Here, we provide data on energy content of 24 common benthic taxa (18 epifauna and six infauna) from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. Mollusks (both bivalves and gastropods) and amphipods had the highest caloric content of the taxa investigated. In light of changing environmental conditions and benthic communities in the Arctic, we compared present-day caloric content of several taxa with measurements conducted for the same taxa in the 1970s. In most cases, caloric content did not differ between historic and present-day values but was higher in two out of seven comparisons for both formalin-preserved samples and frozen materials. We also examined the effect of preservation methods (frozen vs. formalin-preserved) on the caloric content for seven epifaunal taxa. In three of the seven taxa, formalin-preserved specimens had significantly higher energy densities than frozen specimens. These data should make investigators aware of the opportunities and also possible limitations of including energy density values derived in different decades and from different preservation types into their calculations, although more comprehensive and time-controlled studies are needed to generate possible corrections factors. C1 [Hondolero, Dominic; Bluhm, Bodil A.; Iken, Katrin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hondolero, Dominic] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Iken, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM iken@ims.uaf.edu RI Bluhm, Bodil/E-7165-2015 OI Bluhm, Bodil/0000-0002-4584-7796 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research [CIPY-03] FX We are grateful for funding for DH through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research under an International Polar Year Student Traineeship grant for undergraduate students (CIPY-03). We are indebted to Dr. P. Bechtel, USDA, for providing access to his bomb calorimeter. We thank Dr. S. Saitoh, Hokkaido University, for the opportunity for DH to participate in the Oshoru Maru cruise and Dr. J. Grebmeier, University of Maryland, for collecting samples in support of this project. We are grateful to Drs. P. Renaud and J-M. Weslawski and an anonymous reviewer for excellent comments that improved the manuscript. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD APR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.1007/s00300-011-1107-x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907XA UT WOS:000301451600016 ER PT J AU Castellote, M Clark, CW Lammers, MO AF Castellote, Manuel Clark, Christopher W. Lammers, Marc O. TI Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) population identity in the western Mediterranean Sea SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Balaenoptera physalus; Mediterranean fin whale; North Atlantic fin whale; population identity; bioacoustics ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; CETACEANS; ABUNDANCE; BLUE; PACIFIC; CALLS; GULF; SONG AB Archival bottom-mounted audio recorders were deployed in nine different areas of the western Mediterranean Sea, Strait of Gibraltar, and adjacent North Atlantic waters during 20062009 to study fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) seasonal presence and population structure. Analysis of 29,822 recording hours revealed typical long, patterned sequences of 20 Hz notes (here called song), back-beats, 135140 Hz notes, and downsweeps. Acoustic parameters (internote interval, note duration, frequency range, center and peak frequencies) were statistically compared among songs and song notes recorded in all areas. Fin whale singers producing songs attributable to the northeastern North Atlantic subpopulation were detected crossing the Strait of Gibraltar and wintering in the southwestern Mediterranean Sea (Alboran basin), while songs attributed to the Mediterranean were detected in the northwest Mediterranean basin. These results suggest that the northeastern North Atlantic fin whale distribution extends into the southwest Mediterranean basin, and spatial and temporal overlap may exist between this subpopulation and the Mediterranean subpopulation. This new interpretation of the fin whale population structure in the western Mediterranean Sea has important ecological and conservation implications. The conventionally accepted distribution ranges of northeastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean fin whale subpopulations should be reconsidered in light of the results from this study. C1 [Castellote, Manuel] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Psicobiol, UCM Grp Study Anim & Human Behav Gecah, Madrid 28223, Spain. [Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.] Oceanwide Sci Inst, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA. RP Castellote, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,F-AKC3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM manuel.castellote@noaa.gov FU La Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias S.A.; Generalitat Valenciana, Parques Reunidos Valencia S.A.; Centro de Recuperacion de Animales Marinos (CRAM); Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Comunidad Valenciana; Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucia; Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), under the TRACE [PTDC/MAR/74071/2006]; IMAR-DOP/UAc, is the RD Unit [531]; Associated Laboratory; FCT-MCTES; DRCT-Azores; PELAGOS France [08.048.83400] FX Prof. Fernando Colmenares, Gecah-Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, is deeply acknowledged for his supervision of M.C.'s Ph.D. thesis. Funding and logistic support was received from La Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias S.A., Generalitat Valenciana, Parques Reunidos Valencia S.A., Centro de Recuperacion de Animales Marinos (CRAM), Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Comunidad Valenciana, and Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucia. We are grateful to Dr. Monica Silva and Irma Cascao, Institute of Marine Research/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores (IMAR-DOP/UAc), for providing acoustic data from the Azores. Field work and data collection in the Azores was funded by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), under the TRACE project (PTDC/MAR/74071/2006). IMAR-DOP/UAc, is the R&D Unit #531 and part of the Associated Laboratory #9 (ISR) funded through the pluri-annual and programmatic funding schemes of FCT-MCTES and DRCT-Azores. Support is specially acknowledged to Dr. Sophie Laran (Centre de Recherche sur les Cetaces-Marineland) who carried on the instrument deployments in the Provencal basin and kindly provided acoustic data for this study. Field work and data collection in the Provencal basin was funded by PELAGOS France, contract #08.048.83400. Prof. Maria Victoria Hernandez and Prof. Jose Diaz (U. Complutense de Madrid) supervised statistical analyses and added valuable comments to this work. Dr. Jose Maria Cortes (SIDMAR S.A.) supervised and contributed to the design and construction of the mooring lines. We acknowledge Secretaria General del Mar, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino for granting permits to deploy acoustic instruments within the Spanish Marine Protected Areas of Islas Columbretes (C. Valenciana) and Isla de Alboran (Andalucia). NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 325 EP 344 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00491.x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 929HI UT WOS:000303051500015 ER PT J AU Pribyl, AL Schreck, CB Kent, ML Kelley, KM Parker, SJ AF Pribyl, A. L. Schreck, C. B. Kent, M. L. Kelley, K. M. Parker, S. J. TI Recovery potential of black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, recompressed following barotrauma SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE barotrauma; decompression; histology; recompression; rockfish ID PACIFIC ROCKFISH; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; STRESS-RESPONSE; GROWTH-RATE; DECOMPRESSION; NEARSHORE; CORTISOL; CAPTURE; RELEASE AB Overfished species of rockfish, Sebastes spp., from the Northeast Pacific experience high bycatch mortality because of barotrauma, a condition induced from the rapid change in pressure during capture. Field experiments show that it may be possible for rockfish to recover from barotrauma if quickly recompressed; however, no work has followed the physiological recovery of rockfish after recompression or determined whether it is possible for rockfish to survive barotrauma in the long term. Barotrauma was induced in adult black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, from a simulated depth of 35 m, followed by recompression. Blood and selected tissues (eye, heart ventricle, head kidney, liver, rete mirabile and gonad) were sampled at days 3, 15 and 31 post-recompression to evaluate the tissue- and physiologic-level response during recovery. No mortality from barotrauma occurred during the experiments, and feeding resumed in 80% of both treatment and control fish. The primary injury in treatment fish was the presence of a ruptured swimbladder and/or a ruptured tunica externa (outer layer of swimbladder), which was slow to heal. Blood plasma was analysed for glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, insulin-like growth factor-1 and cortisol. Plasma analyses indicated no strong effects because of barotrauma, suggesting overall handling stress outweighed any effect from barotrauma. Rockfish with ruptured swimbladders may face compromised competency in the wild; however, it appears the majority of black rockfish decompressed from 35 m have a high potential for recovery if recompressed immediately after capture. This research suggests recompression could be a valuable bycatch mortality reduction tool for rockfish in recreational fisheries. C1 [Pribyl, A. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kent, M. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kelley, K. M.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Endocrinol Lab, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Parker, S. J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR USA. RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), NOAA SWFSC, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alena.pribyl@noaa.gov RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016 OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259 FU Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco, CA); ODFW (Newport, OR); HMSC; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University (OSU); NOAA FX Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Polly Rankin from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) who assisted and taught us fish collection, fish husbandry and operation of the hyperbaric pressure chambers. We thank the numerous personnel at ODFW (Newport, OR) who assisted in fish collections and sample collections. We also thank Cliff Pereira and John Vansickle for assistance with statistics and Jesus Reyes (Pacific Coast Environmental Conservancy, Taft, CA) for assistance in analysis of IGF-1. This research was funded by the Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco, CA), ODFW (Newport, OR), the Mamie Markham Fund (HMSC), the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University (OSU), and the NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01345.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 906KD UT WOS:000301343100004 PM 27081752 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, RA AF Zangmeister, Rebecca A. TI Application of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis to protein adsorption on materials relevant to biomanufacturing SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); therapeutic; proteins; adsorption; surface chemistry; analysis; heteroatom labeling; biomanufacturing; protein aggregation ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SILICONE OIL; INDUCED AGGREGATION; XPS; ORGANIZATION; INTERFACES; SURFACES; DENSITY; IMPACT; FILMS AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to analyze the adsorption of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab, and polyclonal human IgG (hIgG) on materials relevant to biomanufacturing of protein drug products. Details of the methods used to obtain qualitative confirmation of protein adsorption, using both the nitrogen (N 1s) signal originating from mAb proteins and an iodine heteroatom label, are presented. Both rituximab and hIgG were found to adsorb to a glass vial surface, vial rubber cap liner, syringe plunger tip, cell culture flask, serological pipette, and microcentrifuge tube. There was no evidence of protein adsorption on samples of polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubing or the barrel of a syringe. Differences in XPS heteroatom peak intensities, based on whether the heteroatom label was added to the protein prior to surface adsorption or after, suggest that adsorbed rituximab on a glass vial surface is in a structural conformation that allows extensive heteroatom labeling. Using a simple uniform overlayer model, the coverage of rituximab on a glass vial surface was determined by XPS to be 3.6 mg/m2, a value consistent with that expected for a theoretical monolayer. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 101:16391644, 2012 C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zangmeister, RA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rebecca.zangmeister@nist.gov RI Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 FU NIST Scientific and Technical Research and Services FX The author thanks Dr. Govind Rao for the serological pipette and cell culture flask materials, Dr. Hua-Jun He for protein purification, and Dr. Kristen L. Steffens for her critique of this work prior to submission. This work was supported using NIST Scientific and Technical Research and Services funding. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1639 EP 1644 DI 10.1002/jps.23023 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 898EV UT WOS:000300720200028 PM 22227836 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP Yoon, HW Zeng, J Larason, TC Houston, JM Khromchenko, V AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Yoon, H. W. Zeng, J. Larason, T. C. Houston, J. M. Khromchenko, V. TI Extension of the NIST spectral power-responsivity calibration service to 2500 nm SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry (NEWARD) CY SEP 18-23, 2011 CL HI SP Moss Landing Marine Labs ID INGAAS PHOTODIODES AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working to extend the upper wavelength limit of the spectral power-responsivity calibration service from 1800 nm to 2500 nm. This extension is based on extended-InGaAs (EIGA) transfer-and working-standard radiometers and low-NEP pyroelectric transfer-standard detectors. The scale is traceable to the electrical-substitution cryogenic radiometer through the transfer-standard EIGA radiometers. The total uncertainty of the extended-responsivity reference scale (realized on four EIGA working-standard radiometers) is 1% (k = 2). The transfer of the reference scale from one of the four working standards to a test EIGA radiometer in direct-current (dc) measurement mode is described. The uncertainty of the transferred scale is 1.6% (k = 2) between 1200 nm and 2300 nm. The transfer was performed on the NIST Spectral Comparator Facility (SCF) without any modifications to the SCF. The EIGA radiometers have been characterized for spatial-response uniformity, temperature-dependent spectral responsivity, linearity, noise, long-term and short-term temporal stability. The preliminary results show that EIGA radiometers can be used over the spectral range between 900 nm and 2500 nm in dc mode and could eventually replace the regular InGaAs detectors in the SCF measurements. The total uncertainty budget for these measurements is discussed. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Yoon, H. W.; Zeng, J.; Larason, T. C.; Houston, J. M.; Khromchenko, V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP S112 EP S117 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/2/S112 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 903RP UT WOS:000301136900019 ER PT J AU Livigni, DJ Tomlin, NA Cromer, CL Lehman, JH AF Livigni, David J. Tomlin, Nathan A. Cromer, Christopher L. Lehman, John H. TI Optical fibre-coupled cryogenic radiometer with carbon nanotube absorber SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry (NEWARD) CY SEP 18-23, 2011 CL HI SP Moss Landing Marine Labs AB A cryogenic radiometer was constructed for direct-substitution optical-fibre power measurements. The cavity is intended to operate at the 3 K temperature stage of a dilution refrigerator or 4.2 K stage of a liquid cryostat. The optical fibre is removable for characterization. The cavity features micromachined silicon centring rings to thermally isolate the optical fibre as well as an absorber made from micromachined silicon on which vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were grown. Measurements of electrical substitution, optical absorption and temperature change indicate that the radiometer is capable of measuring a power level of 10 nW with approximate responsivity of 155 nW K-1 and 1/e time constant of 13 min. An inequivalence between optical and electrical power of approximately 10% was found, but the difference was largely attributable to unaccounted losses in the optical fibre. C1 [Livigni, David J.; Tomlin, Nathan A.; Cromer, Christopher L.; Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Livigni, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM livigni@nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP S93 EP S98 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/2/S93 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 903RP UT WOS:000301136900016 ER PT J AU Patrick, HJ Hanssen, LM Zeng, JA Germer, TA AF Patrick, Heather J. Hanssen, Leonard M. Zeng, Jinan Germer, Thomas A. TI BRDF measurements of graphite used in high-temperature fixed point blackbody radiators: a multi-angle study at 405 nm and 658 nm SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry (NEWARD) CY SEP 18-23, 2011 CL HI SP Moss Landing Marine Labs ID EFFECTIVE EMISSIVITY; CYLINDRICAL CAVITY; INCLINED BOTTOM AB We have measured the polarization-resolved bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) for two types of graphite used in the fabrication of high-temperature fixed point blackbody cavities in and out of the plane of incidence. Measurements were made at room temperature using 405 nm and 658 nm laser sources, and the samples were illuminated at angles of incidence varying from normal incidence to 70 degrees. All of the samples exhibited non-Lambertian behaviour, including enhanced forward scatter at high incident angles, especially for s-polarized incident light. The directional-hemispherical reflectance for unpolarized incident light, obtained by integrating the BRDF measured at individual points in a hemisphere over the sample, ranged from 0.083 to 0.101, depending upon sample and incident angle. The potential impact of these measurements on emissivity models for graphite blackbody radiators and radiance temperature scale dissemination is discussed. C1 [Patrick, Heather J.; Hanssen, Leonard M.; Germer, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zeng, Jinan] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heather.patrick@nist.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP S81 EP S92 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/2/S81 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 903RP UT WOS:000301136900015 ER PT J AU Zong, YQ Brown, SW Eppeldauer, GP Lykke, KR Ohno, Y AF Zong, Yuqin Brown, Steven W. Eppeldauer, George P. Lykke, Keith R. Ohno, Yoshi TI A new method for spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using kilohertz pulsed tunable optical parametric oscillators SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry (NEWARD) CY SEP 18-23, 2011 CL HI SP Moss Landing Marine Labs ID LASER SOURCE AB Continuous-wave (CW) tunable lasers have been used for detector calibrations, especially for spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity, for many years at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and other national metrology institutes. These CW tunable lasers, however, are expensive and difficult to automate. To address these issues, we developed a new method for spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using relatively low cost, fully automated kilohertz pulsed tunable optical parametric oscillators (OPOs). The new method is based on measurements of the total energy of a pulsed OPO train using two synchronized current integrators (also called charge amplifiers) to measure the total integrated electric charges from a test detector and a standard detector, respectively. The absolute expanded uncertainty of this method is estimated to be 0.05% (with a coverage factor of k = 2) for spectral irradiance responsivity calibrations, and the dominant uncertainty contribution is from the reference trap detector. C1 [Zong, Yuqin; Brown, Steven W.; Eppeldauer, George P.; Lykke, Keith R.; Ohno, Yoshi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zong, YQ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP S124 EP S129 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/2/S124 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 903RP UT WOS:000301136900021 ER PT J AU Mills, JS Dunham, JB Reeves, GH McMillan, JR Zimmerman, CE Jordan, CE AF Mills, Justin S. Dunham, Jason B. Reeves, Gordon H. McMillan, John R. Zimmerman, Christian E. Jordan, Chris E. TI Variability in expression of anadromy by female Oncorhynchus mykiss within a river network SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Steelhead trout; Rainbow trout; Migration; Partial migration; Anadromy; Otolith microchemistry; Life history ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; PARTIAL MIGRATION; BROOK CHARR; BROWN TROUT; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER AB We described and predicted spatial variation in marine migration (anadromy) of female Oncorhynchus mykiss in the John Day River watershed, Oregon. We collected 149 juvenile O. mykiss across 72 sites and identified locations used by anadromous females by assigning maternal origin (anadromous versus non-anadromous) to each juvenile. These assignments used comparisons of strontium to calcium ratios in otolith primordia and freshwater growth regions to indicate maternal origin. We used logistic regression to predict probability of anadromy in relation to mean annual stream runoff using data from a subset of individuals. This model correctly predicted anadromy in a second sample of individuals with a moderate level of accuracy (e.g., 68% correctly predicted with a 0.5 classification threshold). Residuals from the models were not spatially autocorrelated, suggesting that remaining variability in the expression of anadromy was due to localized influences, as opposed to broad-scale gradients unrelated to mean annual stream runoff. These results are important for the management of O. mykiss because anadromous individuals (steelhead) within the John Day River watershed are listed as a threatened species, and it is difficult to discern juvenile steelhead from non-anadromous individuals (rainbow trout) in the field. Our results provide a broad-scale description and prediction of locations supporting anadromy, and new insight for habitat restoration, monitoring, and research to better manage and understand the expression of anadromy in O. mykiss. C1 [Mills, Justin S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mills, Justin S.; McMillan, John R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Mills, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 FU NOAA; USGS; USFS FX All sampling was conducted in accordance with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife permit # OR2007-3680 M1, which was approved by NOAA and USFWS under the Endangered Species Act. Several biologists at the ODFW, including Tim Unterwegner, Jim Ruzycki, Jeff Neal, Shelly Miller, and Chris James, helped identify survey locations and provided critical information on the biology of O. mykiss in the John Day River basin. Peter Stratis, Nick Smith, and Brett Blundon provided assistance in the field and laboratory. Bob Hoffman, Cam Jones, Kathy Motter, and Frank Tepley provided assistance with analyses of water quality and otolith microchemistry. We thank three anonymous reviewers and J. Falke and K. McNyset for constructive comments on an early draft. Funding was provided by NOAA, USGS, and the USFS. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 505 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9946-4 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 895VT UT WOS:000300525500006 ER PT J AU Sowards, JW Liang, D Alexandrov, BT Frankel, GS Lippold, JC AF Sowards, Jeffrey W. Liang, Dong Alexandrov, Boian T. Frankel, Gerald S. Lippold, John C. TI Solidification Behavior and Weldability of Dissimilar Welds Between a Cr-Free, Ni-Cu Welding Consumable and Type 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; CRACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY; PART II; ALLOY; METAL; DEPOSITS AB The solidification behavior of a Cr-free welding consumable based on the Ni-Cu system was evaluated in conjunction with Type 304L stainless steel. The weld metal microstructure evolution was evaluated with optical and secondary electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, button melting, and thermodynamic (CALPHAD-based) modeling. Solidification partitioning patterns showed that higher dilutions of the filler metal by Type 304L increased segregation of Ti, Cu, and Si to interdendritic regions. Button melting experiments showed a widening of the solidification temperature range with increasing dilution because of the expansion of the austenite solidification range and formation of Ti(C,N) via a eutectic reaction. The model predictions showed good correlation with button melting experiments and were used to evaluate the nature of the Ti(C,N) precipitation reaction. Solidification cracking susceptibility of the weld metal was shown to increase with dilution of 304L stainless steel based on testing conducted with the cast pin tear test. The increase in cracking susceptibility is associated with expansion of the solidification temperature range and the presence of eutectic liquid at the end of solidification that wets solidification grain boundaries. C1 [Sowards, Jeffrey W.; Alexandrov, Boian T.; Lippold, John C.] Ohio State Univ, Welding & Joining Met Grp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Liang, Dong; Frankel, Gerald S.] Ohio State Univ, Fontana Corros Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Sowards, JW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov RI Sowards, Jeffrey/D-3521-2012; Frankel, Gerald/C-3113-2012 OI Sowards, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0629-4938; Frankel, Gerald/0000-0003-0573-3548 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [1415] FX The authors thank Mr. Adam Hope for the laboratory work he performed during the course of this project. Consumable production efforts of Euroweld Ltd. and Haynes International are greatly appreciated. The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of this project by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project #1415. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2012 VL 43A IS 4 BP 1209 EP 1222 DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0961-z PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 895UA UT WOS:000300520700011 ER PT J AU Kim, JJ Choi, YM Ahn, D Hwang, B Gweon, DG Jeong, J AF Kim, Jung-Jae Choi, Young-Man Ahn, Dahoon Hwang, Beomseok Gweon, Dae-Gab Jeong, Jaehwa TI A millimeter-range flexure-based nano-positioning stage using a self-guided displacement amplification mechanism SO MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY LA English DT Article DE Flexure; Nano-positioning stage; Displacement amplification; Piezo-actuator ID OPTIMAL-DESIGN; HINGE; OPTIMIZATION; SCANNER AB We propose a mechanism for a single-axis flexure-based nano-positioning stage. A self-guided displacement amplification mechanism enables a large range of motion-up to a millimeter-with a compact stage size. Our device has a skewed double-compound parallelogram structure that acts as a motion guide and provides displacement amplification, thereby eliminating a serial connection. Its structural symmetry improves positioning accuracy by reducing parasitic motion error and thermal deformation. A millimeter-range piezo-actuated nano-positioning stage is implemented using the self-guided displacement amplification mechanism. The stage was designed using design optimization frameworks to obtain the highest fundamental resonance frequency under constraints for predetermined travel range, stress, and size. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism is experimentally verified. Also, we demonstrate that the fabricated stage has superior volume efficency compared to other stages of similar size. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hwang, Beomseok; Jeong, Jaehwa] Korea Univ, Dept Control & Instrumentat Engn, Youngi Gun 339700, Chungnam, South Korea. [Kim, Jung-Jae; Ahn, Dahoon; Gweon, Dae-Gab] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Choi, Young-Man] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeong, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Control & Instrumentat Engn, 208 Seochang Ri, Youngi Gun 339700, Chungnam, South Korea. EM jaehwa@korea.ac.kr RI Gweon, Dae Gab/C-1957-2011 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korean government [2010-0015316, 2010-0023337] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korean government (numbers 2010-0015316 and 2010-0023337). The authors gratefully acknowledge this support. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-114X J9 MECH MACH THEORY JI Mech. Mach. Theory PD APR PY 2012 VL 50 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2011.11.012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 881XP UT WOS:000299525600007 ER PT J AU Langridge, JM Lack, D Brock, CA Bahreini, R Middlebrook, AM Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Perring, AE Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Holloway, JS Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Roberts, JM Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Trainer, MK Murphy, DM AF Langridge, Justin M. Lack, Daniel Brock, Charles A. Bahreini, Roya Middlebrook, Ann M. Neuman, J. Andrew Nowak, John B. Perring, Anne E. Schwarz, Joshua P. Spackman, J. Ryan Holloway, John S. Pollack, Ilana B. Ryerson, Thomas B. Roberts, James M. Warneke, Carsten de Gouw, Joost A. Trainer, Michael K. Murphy, Daniel M. TI Evolution of aerosol properties impacting visibility and direct climate forcing in an ammonia-rich urban environment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY DEPENDENCE; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOOT AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; MEXICO-CITY; PARTICLES AB Airborne measurements of sub-micron aerosol and trace gases downwind of Los Angeles are used to investigate the influence of aging on aerosol properties relevant to climate forcing and visibility. The analysis focuses on the Los Angeles plume, which in addition to strong urban emissions is influenced by local agricultural emissions. Secondary organic aerosol formation and repartitioning of semi-volatile ammonium nitrate were identified as key factors controlling the optical behavior observed. For one case study, ammonium nitrate contributed up to 50% of total dry extinction. At 85% relative humidity, extinction in the fresh plume was enhanced by a factor of similar to 1.7, and 60-80% of this was from water associated with ammonium nitrate. On this day, loss of ammonium nitrate resulted in decreasing aerosol hygroscopicity with aging. Failing to account for loss of ammonium nitrate led to overestimation of the radiative cooling exerted by the most aged aerosol by similar to 35% under dry conditions. These results show that changes to aerosol behavior with aging can impact visibility and climate forcing significantly. The importance of ammonium nitrate and water also highlight the need to improve the current representation of semi-volatile aerosol species in large-scale climate models. C1 [Langridge, Justin M.; Lack, Daniel; Brock, Charles A.; Bahreini, Roya; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.; Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Spackman, J. Ryan; Holloway, John S.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Roberts, James M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Trainer, Michael K.; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Langridge, Justin M.; Lack, Daniel; Bahreini, Roya; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.; Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Spackman, J. Ryan; Holloway, John S.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Langridge, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM justin.langridge@noaa.gov RI Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503 FU NOAA; CIRES FX This work was supported by NOAA climate and air quality base funding. We thank the flight and ground crews of the NOAA WP-3D aircraft for successfully supporting operations during CalNex. J.M.L. thanks CIRES for the award of a visiting postdoctoral fellowship. NR 86 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 31 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V11 DI 10.1029/2011JD017116 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918GL UT WOS:000302237200007 ER PT J AU Zheng, WZ Wei, HL Wang, Z Zeng, XB Meng, J Ek, M Mitchell, K Derber, J AF Zheng, Weizhong Wei, Helin Wang, Zhuo Zeng, Xubin Meng, Jesse Ek, Michael Mitchell, Ken Derber, John TI Improvement of daytime land surface skin temperature over arid regions in the NCEP GFS model and its impact on satellite data assimilation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS LENGTH; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; MICROWAVE LAND; AMSU-A; EMISSIVITY; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATOLOGY; RADIANCES; WEATHER; RAWINSONDE AB Comparison of the land surface skin temperature (LST) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Global Forecast System (GFS) against satellite and in situ data in summer 2007 indicates that the GFS has a large and cold bias in LST over the arid western continental United States (CONUS) during daytime. This LST bias contributes to large errors in simulated satellite brightness temperatures over land by the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) and hence the rejection of satellite data in the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system, especially for surface-sensitive satellite channels. The new vegetation-dependent formulations of momentum and thermal roughness lengths are tested in the GFS. They substantially reduce the large cold bias of daytime LST over the arid western CONUS in the warm season. This, in turn, significantly reduces the large biases of calculated satellite brightness temperatures found for infrared and microwave sensors in window or near-window channels, so that many more satellite data can be assimilated in the GSI system. In the arid western CONUS, the calculation of surface emissivity for microwave sensors in the CRTM can be further improved, and the new microwave land emissivity model together with increased LST via changes in surface roughness length formulations reduces biases and root-mean-square errors in the calculated brightness temperature. C1 [Zheng, Weizhong; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse; Ek, Michael; Mitchell, Ken; Derber, John] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, WWBG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Zhuo; Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zheng, Weizhong; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] IMSG, Kensington, MD USA. RP Zheng, WZ (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, WWBG, Rm 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Weizhong.Zheng@noaa.gov OI Zeng, Xubin/0000-0001-7352-2764 FU NOAA [NA07NES4400002] FX The authors would like to thank our many collaborators or partners at EMC, JCSDA and NASA Hydrological Science Branch for their useful comments and suggestions, in particular, Christa D. Peters-Lidard for the land surface model (Noah); Russ Treadon and George Gayno for the GSI tests and for detailed comments and constructive suggestions on the manuscript; and Paul van Delst, Fuzhong Weng, Ronald Vogel, Banghua Yan, Yong Han and Mark Liu for the JCSDA CRTM. The work of X. Zeng and Z. Wang was funded by NOAA grant NA07NES4400002. Several anonymous reviewers are thanked for helpful comments. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 31 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D06117 DI 10.1029/2011JD015901 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918GL UT WOS:000302237200001 ER PT J AU Pietsch, TW Orr, JW Eschmeyer, WN AF Pietsch, Theodore W. Orr, James Wilder Eschmeyer, William N. TI Mustelus felis Ayres, 1854, a Senior Synonym of the Leopard Shark, Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855 (Carchariniformes: Triakidae), Invalidated by "Reversal of Precedence" SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB Mustelus fells Ayres, 1854, is shown to be a senior synonym of the triakid shark Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855. Conditions exist, however, to allow "reversal of precedence" of the two names, as provided by Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Thus, Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855, is regarded as valid, qualifying as a nomen protectum, while the name Mustelus fells Ayres, 1854, is recognized as invalid, qualifying as a nomen oblitum. C1 [Pietsch, Theodore W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Pietsch, Theodore W.] Univ Washington, Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Orr, James Wilder] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Eschmeyer, William N.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ichthyol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pietsch, TW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Campus Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM twp@uw.edu; James.Orr@noaa.gov; weschmeyer@calacademy.org NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR 30 PY 2012 IS 1 BP 98 EP 99 DI 10.1643/CI-11-089 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 920RF UT WOS:000302424100008 ER PT J AU Liao, J Huey, LG Tanner, DJ Flocke, FM Orlando, JJ Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Weinheimer, AJ Hall, SR Smith, JN Fried, A Staebler, RM Wang, Y Koo, JH Cantrell, CA Weibring, P Walega, J Knapp, DJ Shepson, PB Stephens, CR AF Liao, J. Huey, L. G. Tanner, D. J. Flocke, F. M. Orlando, J. J. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Weinheimer, A. J. Hall, S. R. Smith, J. N. Fried, A. Staebler, R. M. Wang, Y. Koo, J-H. Cantrell, C. A. Weibring, P. Walega, J. Knapp, D. J. Shepson, P. B. Stephens, C. R. TI Observations of inorganic bromine (HOBr, BrO, and Br-2) speciation at Barrow, Alaska, in spring 2009 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPLETION EVENTS; ARCTIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; POLAR TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HALOGEN COMPOUNDS; SOUTH-POLE; NY-ALESUND; TRACE-P; CHEMISTRY; SUNRISE; DESTRUCTION AB Inorganic bromine plays a critical role in ozone and mercury depletions events (ODEs and MDEs) in the Arctic marine boundary layer. Direct observations of bromine species other than bromine oxide (BrO) during ODEs are very limited. Here we report the first direct measurements of hypobromous acid (HOBr) as well as observations of BrO and molecular bromine (Br-2) by chemical ionization mass spectrometry at Barrow, Alaska in spring 2009 during the Ocean-Atmospheric-Sea Ice-Snowpack (OASIS) campaign. Diurnal profiles of HOBr with maximum concentrations near local noon and no significant concentrations at night were observed. The measured average daytime HOBr mixing ratio was 10 pptv with a maximum value of 26 pptv. The observed HOBr was reasonably well correlated (R-2 = 0.57) with predictions from a simple steady state photochemical model constrained to observed BrO and HO2 at wind speeds <6 m s(-1). However, predicted HOBr levels were considerably higher than observations at higher wind speeds. This may be due to enhanced heterogeneous loss of HOBr on blowing snow coincident with higher wind speeds. BrO levels were also found to be higher at elevated wind speeds. Br2 was observed in significant mixing ratios (maximum = 46 pptv; average = 13 pptv) at night and was strongly anti-correlated with ozone. The diurnal speciation of observed gas phase inorganic bromine species can be predicted by a time-dependent box model that includes efficient heterogeneous recycling of HOBr, hydrogen bromide (HBr), and bromine nitrate (BrONO2) back to more reactive forms of bromine. C1 [Liao, J.; Huey, L. G.; Tanner, D. J.; Wang, Y.; Koo, J-H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Flocke, F. M.; Orlando, J. J.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Hall, S. R.; Smith, J. N.; Cantrell, C. A.; Knapp, D. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Walega, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shepson, P. B.; Stephens, C. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Staebler, R. M.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liao, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Thompson, Chelsea/L-2302-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Thompson, Chelsea/0000-0002-7332-9945; FU NSF [ATM-0807702, ARC-0806437] FX This work is part of the international multi-disciplinary OASIS (Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack) program and financially supported by NSF grants ATM-0807702 and ARC-0806437. We would like to thank the OASIS campaign organizers and the NCAR shipping department for logistical support. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00R16 DI 10.1029/2011JD016641 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918GK UT WOS:000302237100002 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Kort, EA Hirsch, AI Dlugokencky, EJ Andrews, AE Xu, X Tian, H Nehrkorn, T Eluszkiewicz, J Michalak, AM Wofsy, SC AF Miller, S. M. Kort, E. A. Hirsch, A. I. Dlugokencky, E. J. Andrews, A. E. Xu, X. Tian, H. Nehrkorn, T. Eluszkiewicz, J. Michalak, A. M. Wofsy, S. C. TI Regional sources of nitrous oxide over the United States: Seasonal variation and spatial distribution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MODELING SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; NORTH-AMERICA; N2O EMISSIONS; STILT MODEL; TRACE GASES; ART.; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE AB This paper presents top-down constraints on the magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonality of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions over the central United States. We analyze data from tall towers in 2004 and 2008 using a high resolution Lagrangian particle dispersion model paired with both geostatistical and Bayesian inversions. Our results indicate peak N2O emissions in June with a strong seasonal cycle. The spatial distribution of sources closely mirrors data on fertilizer application with particularly large N2O sources over the US Cornbelt. Existing inventories for N2O predict emissions that differ substantially from the inverse model results in both seasonal cycle and magnitude. We estimate a total annual N2O budget over the central US of 0.9-1.2 TgN/yr and an extrapolated budget for the entire US and Canada of 2.1-2.6 TgN/yr. By this estimate, the US and Canada account for 12-15% of the total global N2O source or 32-39% of the global anthropogenic source as reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007. C1 [Miller, S. M.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dlugokencky, E. J.; Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nehrkorn, T.; Eluszkiewicz, J.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Hirsch, A. I.] DOE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kort, E. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Michalak, A. M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Xu, X.; Tian, H.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smiller@fas.harvard.edu; kort47@gmail.com; adam.hirsch@nrel.gov; ed.dlugokencky@noaa.gov; arlyn.andrews@noaa.gov; xuxiaof@tigermail.auburn.edu; tianhan@auburn.edu; tnehrkor@aer.com; jeluszki@aer.com; michalak@stanford.edu; swofsy@seas.harvard.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008; OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514; Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468 FU American Meteorological Society/DOE; DOE; National Science Foundation [ATM-0836153]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE84G, NNH05CC42C, NNX08AR47G]; NOAA/ESRL [RA133R-08-SE-2359, NRMJ1000-15617DT] FX This work was supported by the American Meteorological Society Graduate Student Fellowship/DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, the DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. We thank Marcos Longo and Elaine Gottlieb (Harvard) for their help with model meteorology. The generation of the WRF meteorological fields was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under grants NNX06AE84G, NNH05CC42C, and NNX08AR47G; National Science Foundation grant ATM-0836153; and NOAA/ESRL contracts RA133R-08-SE-2359 and NRMJ1000-15617DT. The WRF and STILT runs described in this paper have been made possible by access to NASA's high-end computing resources and we thank the personnel at the NASA Ames supercomputing facility for technical assistance. Additionally, we thank Kimberly Mueller and Sharon Gourdji (Carnegie Institution for Science) for input on the Restricted Maximum Likelihood implementation, and we thank Navin Ramankutty and Philip Potter (McGill University) for their fertilizer use data sets. NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D06310 DI 10.1029/2011JD016951 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918GK UT WOS:000302237100011 ER PT J AU Hudson, DD Kutz, JN Schibli, TR Chao, Q Christodoulides, DN Morandotti, R Cundiff, ST AF Hudson, Darren D. Kutz, J. Nathan Schibli, Thomas R. Chao, Qing Christodoulides, Demetrios N. Morandotti, Roberto Cundiff, Steven T. TI Fixed-point attractor for chirp in nonlinear waveguide arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DISCRETE SOLITONS; FEMTOSECOND PULSES AB The propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in an AlGaAs waveguide array is studied using frequency-resolved optical gating measurements. In the nonlinear regime, the measurements show that the pulses at the output of the array evolve toward a set chirp value that is independent of the input chirp. Simulations reproduce the experimental results. The observations can be described as a fixed-point attractor on a chirp-intensity map. C1 [Hudson, Darren D.; Schibli, Thomas R.; Chao, Qing; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hudson, Darren D.; Schibli, Thomas R.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kutz, J. Nathan] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chao, Qing; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Christodoulides, Demetrios N.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Morandotti, Roberto] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Varennes, PQ, Canada. RP Hudson, DD (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Photon & Opt Sci, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 AR 031806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.031806 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 917JD UT WOS:000302169300001 ER PT J AU Stuhl, BK Yeo, M Sawyer, BC Hummon, MT Ye, J AF Stuhl, Benjamin K. Yeo, Mark Sawyer, Brian C. Hummon, Matthew T. Ye, Jun TI Microwave state transfer and adiabatic dynamics of magnetically trapped polar molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIPOLAR COLLISIONS AB Cold and ultracold polar molecules with nonzero electronic angular momenta are of great interest for studies in quantum chemistry and control, investigations of novel quantum systems, and precision measurement. However, in mixed electric and magnetic fields, these molecules are generically subject to a large set of avoided crossings among their Zeeman sublevels; in magnetic traps, these crossings lead to distorted potentials and trap loss from electric bias fields. We have characterized these crossings in OH by microwave-transferring trapped OH molecules from the upper |f; M = +3/2 > parity state to the lower |e; +3/2 > state and observing their trap dynamics under an applied electric bias field. Our observations are very well fit by a simple Landau-Zener model, yielding insight to the rich spectra and dynamics of polar radicals in mixed external fields. C1 [Stuhl, Benjamin K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stuhl, BK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stuhl@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500; Stuhl, Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323 FU DOE; AFOSR MURI on Cold Molecules; NSF; NIST; National Research Council FX This work was funded by DOE, the AFOSR MURI on Cold Molecules, NSF, and NIST. M. Hummon acknowledges support from the National Research Council. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 AR 033427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.033427 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 917JD UT WOS:000302169300010 ER PT J AU Bloch, ED Queen, WL Krishna, R Zadrozny, JM Brown, CM Long, JR AF Bloch, Eric D. Queen, Wendy L. Krishna, Rajamani Zadrozny, Joseph M. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Hydrocarbon Separations in a Metal-Organic Framework with Open Iron(II) Coordination Sites SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METHANE STORAGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ADSORPTION; MEMBRANES; ETHYLENE; PERMEATION; ACETYLENE; MIXTURES; SORPTION; ETHANE AB The energy costs associated with large-scale industrial separation of light hydrocarbons by cryogenic distillation could potentially be lowered through development of selective solid adsorbents that operate at higher temperatures. Here, the metal-organic framework Fe-2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-): 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) is demonstrated to exhibit excellent performance characteristics for separation of ethylene/ethane and propylene/propane mixtures at 318 kelvin. Breakthrough data obtained for these mixtures provide experimental validation of simulations, which in turn predict high selectivities and capacities of this material for the fractionation of methane/ethane/ethylene/acetylene mixtures, removal of acetylene impurities from ethylene, and membrane-based olefin/paraffin separations. Neutron powder diffraction data confirm a side-on coordination of acetylene, ethylene, and propylene at the iron(II) centers, while also providing solid-state structural characterization of the much weaker interactions of ethane and propane with the metal. C1 [Bloch, Eric D.; Queen, Wendy L.; Zadrozny, Joseph M.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Brown, Craig M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Krishna, Rajamani/A-1098-2012; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; Zadrozny, Joseph/D-8206-2015; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Zadrozny, Joseph/A-1429-2017; OI Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530; Zadrozny, Joseph/0000-0002-1309-6545; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Zadrozny, Joseph/0000-0002-1309-6545; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341 FU Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council FX The data described in this paper are presented in the supporting online material. This research was supported through the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DE-SC0001015. In addition, we thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Research Associate program for support of W.L.Q.; V. K. Peterson and S. N. Maximoff for assistance and helpful discussions; C. J. Kepert for the use of his glovebox to prepare neutron powder diffraction samples; and J. M. van Baten for valuable assistance in the simulation work. Metrical data for the solid-state structures of the acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propylene, and propane adducts of Fe2(dobdc) are available free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre under reference numbers CCDC 866357 to 866361. The authors and the University of California, Berkeley have filed a patent on the results presented herein. NR 32 TC 447 Z9 450 U1 65 U2 571 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 30 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6076 BP 1606 EP 1610 DI 10.1126/science.1217544 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 915YD UT WOS:000302062600040 PM 22461607 ER PT J AU Beletsky, D Hawley, N Rao, YR Vanderploeg, HA Beletsky, R Schwab, DJ Ruberg, SA AF Beletsky, Dmitry Hawley, Nathan Rao, Yerubandi R. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Beletsky, Raisa Schwab, David J. Ruberg, Steven A. TI Summer thermal structure and anticyclonic circulation of Lake Erie SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; MEAN CIRCULATION; ROTATING FLUID; CENTRAL BASIN; WIND; CURRENTS; MOTIONS; STRATIFICATION; GENERATION; TOPOGRAPHY AB In most thermally stratified lakes, the summer thermocline has the shape of a "dome", with a shallower depth offshore than nearshore. This configuration is accompanied by a lake-wide cyclonic circulation. Lake-wide observations of subsurface temperature in central Lake Erie revealed an atypical "depressed" or "bowl-shaped" thermocline in late summer, with a deeper thermocline in the middle of the lake and a shallower thermocline nearshore. Currents measured in the central basin when the bowl-shaped thermocline was observed were anticyclonic, forming a single basin-wide gyre. It is suggested that the unusual bowl-shaped thermocline is the result of Ekman pumping driven by anticyclonic vorticity in surface winds. The bowl-shaped thermocline can lead to greater hypoxia in bottom waters and negative effects on biota by reducing the hypolimnetic volume. Citation: Beletsky, D., N. Hawley, Y. R. Rao, H. A. Vanderploeg, R. Beletsky, D. J. Schwab, and S. A. Ruberg (2012), Summer thermal structure and anticyclonic circulation of Lake Erie, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06605, doi:10.1029/2012GL051002. C1 [Beletsky, Dmitry; Beletsky, Raisa] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Hawley, Nathan; Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Schwab, David J.; Ruberg, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Rao, Yerubandi R.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Beletsky, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, CILER, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM beletsky@umich.edu OI Ruberg, Steven/0000-0001-8809-5689; Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU NOAA CSCOR FX This work was funded by the NOAA CSCOR project ECOFORE 2006: Forecasting the Causes, Consequences and Remedies for Hypoxia in Lake Erie. The field data were collected as part of a cooperative program between NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) and Environment Canada's National Water Research Institute (NWRI). We thank the personnel of GLERL's Marine Instrumentation Laboratory and NWRI's Technical Operations Division for preparing and downloading the instruments, the crews of the NOAA RV Laurentian and the NWRI RV Limnos for assistance deploying and retrieving the equipment, and T. Ford and A. Clites (GLERL), R. Rowsell and J. Zhao (NWRI) for assistance in analyzing the data. We also thank Ken Brink, Joe DePinto, Don Scavia and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. This is GLERL contribution 1621. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L06605 DI 10.1029/2012GL051002 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 918FR UT WOS:000302235200003 ER PT J AU Wren, SW Vogelhuber, KM Ichino, T Stanton, JF Lineberger, WC AF Wren, Scott W. Vogelhuber, Kristen M. Ichino, Takatoshi Stanton, John F. Lineberger, W. Carl TI Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Anilinide and Acidity of Aniline SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; PHASE PROTON-TRANSFER; SUBSTITUTED BENZYL RADICALS; ROTATIONAL CONTOUR ANALYSIS; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; HIGH-PRESSURE PYROLYSIS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; GAS-PHASE AB The photoelectron spectrum of the anilinide ion has been measured. The spectrum exhibits a vibrational progression of the CCC in-plane bending mode of the anilino radical in its electronic ground state. The observed fundamental frequency is 524 +/- 10 cm(-1). The electron affinity (EA) of the radical is determined to be 1.607 +/- 0.004 eV. The EA value is combined with the N-H bond dissociation energy of aniline in a negative ion thermochemical cycle to derive the deprotonation enthalpy of aniline at 0 K; Delta H-acid(0)(PhHN-H) = 1535.4 +/- 0.7 kJ mol(-1). Temperature corrections are made to obtain the corresponding value at 298 K and the gas-phase acidity; Delta H-acid(298)(PhHN-H) = 1540.8 +/- 1.0 kJ mol(-1) and Delta(acid)G(298)(PhHN-H) = 1509.2 +/- 1.5 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The compatibility of this value in the acidity scale that is currently available is examined by utilizing the acidity of acetaldehyde as a reference. C1 [Ichino, Takatoshi; Stanton, John F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wren, Scott W.; Vogelhuber, Kristen M.; Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ichino, T (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tichino@cm.utexas.edu; jfstanton@mail.utexas.edu; wcl@jila.colorado.edu RI Vogelhuber, Kristen/L-9569-2013 OI Vogelhuber, Kristen/0000-0002-8439-4013 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0809391, CHE-1012743]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0046]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER15884]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [F-1283] FX Financial support from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0809391 to W.C.L. and CHE-1012743 to J.F.S.), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-09-1-0046 to W.C.L.), the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-07ER15884 to J.F.S.), and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (F-1283 to J.F.S.) is greatly appreciated. We also acknowledge fruitful discussions with Danny Tabor (Madison) and Michael Harding (Karlsruhe). NR 120 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 29 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 12 BP 3118 EP 3123 DI 10.1021/jp211463r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 915TW UT WOS:000302051300007 PM 22420311 ER PT J AU Fuquay, JM Muha, N Wang, ZH Ramsdell, JS AF Fuquay, Jennifer Maucher Muha, Noah Wang, Zhihong Ramsdell, John S. TI Toxicokinetics of domoic acid in the fetal rat SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; Toxicokinetics; Pregnant; Rat ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; SEA LIONS; MORTALITY EVENT; MICE; TOXICITY; NEUROTOXICITY; CLEARANCE; EXPOSURE; EPILEPSY; DISEASE AB Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin that has both marine wildlife and human health impacts, including developmental effects during prenatal exposure in rodent models. However, little is known regarding DA toxicokinetics in the fetal unit during maternal-fetal transfer. Tissue distribution and toxicokinetics of DA were investigated in pregnant rats and their pups just prior to birth at gestational day 20. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were given an intravenous dose of 1.0 mg DA/kg and samples of maternal plasma, fetal plasma, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal brain were taken at intervals over 24 h. Toxicokinetic parameters were determined using WinNonLin software analysis. Maternal plasma DA log concentration-time curves fit a two compartment pharmacokinetic profile, with alpha and beta half-lives of elimination of 26.9 and 297 min, respectively. Placenta had a C-max of 752 ng/mL and a terminal half-life of 577 min. Maternal-fetal transfer between the plasma compartments was 31% with a fetal plasma C-max of 86 ng/mL at 60 min and terminal half-life of 553 min. Amniotic fluid and fetal brain had overall averages of 27 +/- 12 ng/mL and 8.12 ng/g, respectively, and did not show evidence of elimination over 24 h. The longer fetal retention of DA. particularly in amniotic fluid, indicates that the fetus may be continually re-exposed during gestation, which could potentially lead to a disease state even at small exposure dose. This has implications for the California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), which exhibit an epilepsy-like disease that arises months after DA producing blooms. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Fuquay, Jennifer Maucher; Muha, Noah; Wang, Zhihong; Ramsdell, John S.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAR 29 PY 2012 VL 294 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2012.01.012 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 921TL UT WOS:000302500500005 ER PT J AU Spanner, M Mikosch, J Boguslavskiy, AE Murnane, MM Stolow, A Patchkovskii, S AF Spanner, Michael Mikosch, Jochen Boguslavskiy, Andrey E. Murnane, Margaret M. Stolow, Albert Patchkovskii, Serguei TI Strong-field ionization and high-order-harmonic generation during polyatomic molecular dynamics of N2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LASER FIELDS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONS AB We present state-of-the-art ab initio-type computations of strong-field ionization (SFI) and the single-molecule response contribution to high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) in the polyatomic molecule N2O4. The numerical method uses amixed orbital-and grid-based approach to model the multielectron bound states and single-electron continuum. The effects of ionic-core attraction and Coulomb-mediated interchannel coupling are rigorously included. We show that full-dimensionality time-dependent multielectron computations of SFI and HHG in polyatomic molecules are now feasible. The computational results indicate that (a) SFI yields in N2O4 are dominated by a single ionic state (the A(g) state), and are strongly modulated by the N-N stretch coordinate; and (b) the HHG radiating dipole as a function of the N2O4 N-N stretch is dominated by the same, single state. The molecular-beam coincidence measurements presented here support the computational results. Due to the differences in the estimated vibrational amplitude, however, the computations are not in full agreement with previous HHG data. C1 [Spanner, Michael; Mikosch, Jochen; Boguslavskiy, Andrey E.; Stolow, Albert; Patchkovskii, Serguei] Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murnane, Margaret M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Spanner, M (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 29 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 AR 033426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.033426 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 916KS UT WOS:000302103000004 ER PT J AU Li, WH Wang, CW Hsu, D Lee, CH Wu, CM Chou, CC Yang, HD Zhao, Y Chang, S Lynn, JW Berger, H AF Li, Wen-Hsien Wang, Chin-Wei Hsu, Daniel Lee, Chi-Hung Wu, Chun-Ming Chou, Chih-Chieh Yang, Hung-Duen Zhao, Yang Chang, Sung Lynn, Jeffrey W. Berger, Helmuth TI Interplay between the magnetic and electric degrees of freedom in multiferroic Co3TeO6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ORDER; FERROELECTRICITY; PEROVSKITE; DYNAMICS; HOMNO3; MNWO4 AB Neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and dielectric constant measurements of single-crystal Co3TeO6 have been measured to study the interplay between the ferroelectricity and magnetic order. Long-range incommensurate magnetic order develops below T-M1 = 26 K, which is followed by three additional zero-field phase transitions at T-M2 = 19.5 K, T-M3 = 18 K, and T-M4 = 16 K where the incommensurate order changes and commensurate order develops. In magnetic fields up to 14 T we find that the magnetic intensities and incommensurate wave vector are dramatically altered as ferroelectricity develops, with a fifth abrupt transition around 10 T. The overall behavior characterizes Co3TeO6 as a type-II multiferroic. C1 [Li, Wen-Hsien; Wang, Chin-Wei; Hsu, Daniel; Lee, Chi-Hung; Wu, Chun-Ming] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Li, Wen-Hsien; Wang, Chin-Wei; Hsu, Daniel; Lee, Chi-Hung; Wu, Chun-Ming] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Neutron Beam Applicat, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Chou, Chih-Chieh; Yang, Hung-Duen] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Chou, Chih-Chieh; Yang, Hung-Duen] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Zhao, Yang; Chang, Sung; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berger, Helmuth] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Complex Matter, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM whli@phy.ncu.edu.tw RI HSU, Daniel/B-1574-2012 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 98-2112-M-008-016-MY3, NSC 100-2112-M-110-004-MY3] FX We gratefully thank Brooks Harris, Qingzhen Huang, and Taner Yildirim for fruitful discussions. This work was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grants No. NSC 98-2112-M-008-016-MY3 and No. NSC 100-2112-M-110-004-MY3. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 28 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 9 AR 094431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.094431 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 915DG UT WOS:000302003400001 ER PT J AU Hooghiemstra, PB Krol, MC Bergamaschi, P de Laat, ATJ van der Werf, GR Novelli, PC Deeter, MN Aben, I Rockmann, T AF Hooghiemstra, P. B. Krol, M. C. Bergamaschi, P. de Laat, A. T. J. van der Werf, G. R. Novelli, P. C. Deeter, M. N. Aben, I. Rockmann, T. TI Comparing optimized CO emission estimates using MOPITT or NOAA surface network observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ZOOM MODEL TM5; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; INVERSION; VALIDATION; SCIAMACHY; ALGORITHM; POLLUTION; AIRCRAFT AB This paper compares two global inversions to estimate carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for 2004. Either surface flask observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) or CO total columns from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument are assimilated in a 4D-Var framework. Inferred emission estimates from the two inversions are consistent over the Northern Hemisphere (NH). For example, both inversions increase anthropogenic CO emissions over Europe (from 46 to 94 Tg CO/yr) and Asia (from 222 to 420 Tg CO/yr). In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), three important findings are reported. First, due to their different vertical sensitivity, the stations-only inversion increases SH biomass burning emissions by 108 Tg CO/yr more than the MOPITT-only inversion. Conversely, the MOPITT-only inversion results in SH natural emissions (mainly CO from oxidation of NMVOCs) that are 185 Tg CO/yr higher compared to the stations-only inversion. Second, MOPITT-only derived biomass burning emissions are reduced with respect to the prior which is in contrast to previous (inverse) modeling studies. Finally, MOPITT derived total emissions are significantly higher for South America and Africa compared to the stations-only inversion. This is likely due to a positive bias in the MOPITT V4 product. This bias is also apparent from validation with surface stations and ground-truth FTIR columns. Our results show that a combined inversion is promising in the NH. However, implementation of a satellite bias correction scheme is essential to combine both observational data sets in the SH. C1 [Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Krol, M. C.; de Laat, A. T. J.; Aben, I.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Krol, M. C.; Rockmann, T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Bergamaschi, P.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [de Laat, A. T. J.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3732 GK De Bilt, Netherlands. [van der Werf, G. R.] Free Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Novelli, P. C.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Deeter, M. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hooghiemstra, PB (reprint author), SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM p.b.hooghiemstra@uu.nl RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015 OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518; Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968 FU Dutch User Support Programme [GO-AO/05] FX This research was supported by the Dutch User Support Programme 2006-2010 under project GO-AO/05. FTIR data used in this publication were obtained as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and are publicly available (see http://www.ndacc.org). The Dutch National Computer Facility (NCF) is acknowledged for computer resources. We are most thankful to S. Basu for help during the model development phase. We are thankful to S. Myriokefalitakis for supplying the a priori fields of NMVOC-CO production. We also thank S. Houweling for optimized methane mixing ratio fields. Finally, we thank G. Maenhout for useful discussion during the writing process. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D06309 DI 10.1029/2011JD017043 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918GE UT WOS:000302236500005 ER PT J AU Natarajan, M Pierce, RB Schaack, TK Lenzen, AJ Al-Saadi, JA Soja, AJ Charlock, TP Rose, FG Winker, DM Worden, JR AF Natarajan, Murali Pierce, R. Bradley Schaack, Todd K. Lenzen, Allen J. Al-Saadi, Jassim A. Soja, Amber J. Charlock, Thomas P. Rose, Fred G. Winker, David M. Worden, John R. TI Radiative forcing due to enhancements in tropospheric ozone and carbonaceous aerosols caused by Asian fires during spring 2008 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; CLOUDS; MODEL; SIMULATION; EMISSIONS; AERONET; BUDGET; CYCLE AB Simulations of tropospheric ozone and carbonaceous aerosol distributions, conducted with the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS), are used to study the effects of major outbreaks of fires that occurred in three regions of Asia, namely Thailand, Kazakhstan, and Siberia, during spring 2008. RAQMS is a global scale meteorological and chemical modeling system. Results from these simulations, averaged over April 2008, indicate that tropospheric ozone column increases by more than 10 Dobson units (DU) near the Thailand region, and by lesser amounts in the other regions due to the fires. Widespread increases in the optical depths of organic and black carbon aerosols are also noted. We have used an off-line radiative transfer model to evaluate the direct radiative forcing due to the fire-induced changes in atmospheric composition. For clear sky, the monthly averaged radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is mostly negative with peak values less than -12 W/m(2) occurring near the fire regions. The negative forcing represents the increased outgoing shortwave radiation caused by scattering due to carbonaceous aerosols. At high latitudes, the radiative forcing is positive due to the presence of absorbing aerosols over regions of high surface albedo. Regions of positive forcing at TOA are more pronounced under total sky conditions. The monthly averaged radiative forcing at the surface is mostly negative, and peak values of less than -30 W/m(2) occur near the fire regions. Persistently large negative forcing at the surface could alter the surface energy budget and potentially weaken the hydrological cycle. C1 [Natarajan, Murali; Al-Saadi, Jassim A.; Charlock, Thomas P.; Winker, David M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schaack, Todd K.; Lenzen, Allen J.] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Soja, Amber J.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Rose, Fred G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Worden, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Natarajan, M (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM murali.natarajan@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Rose, Fred G/0000-0003-0769-0772 FU NASA Earth Sciences Division FX The Tropospheric Chemistry Research Program of NASA Earth Sciences Division supported this research. We thank the reviewers for their suggestions and comments. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D06307 DI 10.1029/2011JD016584 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918GE UT WOS:000302236500001 ER PT J AU Mizukami, N Smith, MB AF Mizukami, Naoki Smith, Michael B. TI Analysis of inconsistencies in multi-year gridded quantitative precipitation estimate over complex terrain and its impact on hydrologic modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic modeling; Model calibration; Quantitative precipitation estimate; Time series homogeneity ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL; UNITED-STATES; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; OKLAHOMA EXPERIMENTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; INPUT ERRORS AB It is common that bias trends of long term precipitation data change over time due to various factors such as gauge relocation and changes in data processing methods. Temporal consistency of this error characteristic of precipitation data is as important as accuracy itself for reliable streamflow prediction with a hydrologic model. The main goal of this paper is to illustrate the detection and adverse effect of inconsistent precipitation data on distributed hydrologic model simulations over a mountainous basin in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. We used 1-h 4 km gridded precipitation time series intended for the second phase of the Distributed Model Intercomparison Project (DMIP-2), sponsored by the US National Weather Service (NWS). We present various analyses to investigate the consistency of an hourly gridded precipitation time series from October 1988 through September 2006. First, hourly gridded precipitation data were aggregated into monthly mean areal precipitation totals over the basin and compared with basin average totals derived from the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) monthly values. Second, double mass analysis was preformed on several discrete locations within the basin using both the DMIP-2 gridded precipitation and PRISM data. In addition, we performed a statistical consistency test on the DMIP-2 time series. Both analyses lead to the conclusion that over the entire analysis time period a clear change in bias in the DMIP-2 data occurred in the beginning of 2003. Moreover, it was found that the PRISM data also exhibit some inconsistency. The inconsistency of two elevation zone mean area precipitation (MAP) time series computed from the DMIP-2 gridded precipitation fields was corrected by adjusting hourly values based on the result from double mass analysis. Model simulations using the adjusted MAP data are improved compared to simulations with the inconsistent MAP input data. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mizukami, Naoki] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mizukami, Naoki; Smith, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mizukami, Naoki] Len Technol, Oak Hill, VA USA. RP Mizukami, N (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mizukami@ucar.edu RI Mizukami, Naoki/J-7027-2015 NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 428 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.030 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 921UK UT WOS:000302503100010 ER PT J AU Karhu, EA Rossler, UK Bogdanov, AN Kahwaji, S Kirby, BJ Fritzsche, H Robertson, MD Majkrzak, CF Monchesky, TL AF Karhu, E. A. Roessler, U. K. Bogdanov, A. N. Kahwaji, S. Kirby, B. J. Fritzsche, H. Robertson, M. D. Majkrzak, C. F. Monchesky, T. L. TI Chiral modulations and reorientation effects in MnSi thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC PHASE-DIAGRAM; REAL-SPACE OBSERVATION; DENSITY-WAVE PHASE; SKYRMION LATTICE; SPIN STRUCTURE; ANISOTROPY; TRANSITIONS; CRYSTAL; FIELD; FEGE AB We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the influence of a uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the magnetic textures that are formed in a chiral magnetic system. We show that the epitaxially induced tensile stress in MnSi thin films grown on Si(111) creates an easy-plane uniaxial anisotropy. The magnetoelastic shear stress coefficient is derived from SQUID magnetometry measurements in combination with transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction data. Density functional calculations of the magnetoelastic coefficient support the conclusion that the uniaxial anisotropy originates from the magnetoelastic coupling. Theoretical calculations based on a Dzyaloshinskii model that includes an easy-plane anisotropy predict a variety of modulations to the magnetic order that are not observed in bulk MnSi crystals. Evidence for these states is found in the magnetic hysteresis and polarized neutron reflectometry measurements. C1 [Karhu, E. A.; Kahwaji, S.; Monchesky, T. L.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Roessler, U. K.; Bogdanov, A. N.] IFW Dresden, Inst Festkorper & Werkstoffforsch, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [Kirby, B. J.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fritzsche, H.] Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Natl Res Council Canada, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Robertson, M. D.] Acadia Univ, Dept Phys, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. RP Karhu, EA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM theodore.monchesky@dal.ca OI Monchesky, Theodore/0000-0001-7401-7866; Fritzsche, Helmut/0000-0001-5288-8302 FU NSERC; Canada Research Chairs Program; DFG [RO 2238/9-1] FX This work was supported by the NSERC, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and DFG through Project No. RO 2238/9-1. NR 64 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 9 AR 094429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.094429 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 914SB UT WOS:000301971300005 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Ehlers, G Wills, AS Bramwell, ST Gardner, JS AF Stewart, J. R. Ehlers, G. Wills, A. S. Bramwell, S. T. Gardner, J. S. TI Comment on "Magnetic structure of Gd2Ti2O7" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB M. W. Long and collaborators [Phys. Rev. B 83, 054422 (2011)] recently proposed magnetic structures for gadolinium titanate that differ from those previously reported by us [J. R. Stewart, G. Ehlers, A. S. Wills, S. T. Bramwell, and J. S. Gardner, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16, L321 (2004)]. In this Comment, we show that the calculated structure factors, S(Q), of the newly proposed models are inconsistent with our neutron powder diffraction data. Long and colleagues were led to reconsider the magnetic structure of gadolinium titanate on the basis of a number of theoretical and experimental assumptions. We argue that these assumptions have no basis in fact and conclude that they provide no reason to doubt our published magnetic structures. C1 [Stewart, J. R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wills, A. S.] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Wills, A. S.; Bramwell, S. T.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Wills, A. S.; Bramwell, S. T.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM Ross.Stewart@stfc.ac.uk; ehlersg@ornl.gov; a.s.wills@ucl.ac.uk; s.t.bramwell@ucl.ac.uk; jsg@nist.gov RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Stewart, Ross/C-4194-2008; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Stewart, Ross/0000-0003-0053-0178; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 10 AR 106401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.106401 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 914SE UT WOS:000301971600007 ER PT J AU Mathias, S La-O-Vorakiat, C Grychtol, P Granitzka, P Turgut, E Shaw, JM Adam, R Nembach, HT Siemens, ME Eich, S Schneider, CM Silva, TJ Aeschlimann, M Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Mathias, Stefan La-O-Vorakiat, Chan Grychtol, Patrik Granitzka, Patrick Turgut, Emrah Shaw, Justin M. Adam, Roman Nembach, Hans T. Siemens, Mark E. Eich, Steffen Schneider, Claus M. Silva, Thomas J. Aeschlimann, Martin Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. TI Probing the timescale of the exchange interaction in a ferromagnetic alloy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE magnetism; quantum; ultrafast ID ULTRAFAST SPIN DYNAMICS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; NICKEL; PULSES; DEMAGNETIZATION; GENERATION; MAGNETISM; IRON AB The underlying physics of all ferromagnetic behavior is the cooperative interaction between individual atomic magnetic moments that results in a macroscopic magnetization. In this work, we use extreme ultraviolet pulses from high-harmonic generation as an element-specific probe of ultrafast, optically driven, demagnetization in a ferromagnetic Fe-Ni alloy (permalloy). We show that for times shorter than the characteristic timescale for exchange coupling, the magnetization of Fe quenches more strongly than that of Ni. Then as the Fe moments start to randomize, the strong ferromagnetic exchange interaction induces further demagnetization in Ni, with a characteristic delay determined by the strength of the exchange interaction. We can further enhance this delay by lowering the exchange energy by diluting the permalloy with Cu. This measurement probes how the fundamental quantum mechanical exchange coupling between Fe and Ni in magnetic materials influences magnetic switching dynamics in ferromagnetic materials relevant to next-generation data storage technologies. C1 [Mathias, Stefan; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Grychtol, Patrik; Granitzka, Patrick; Turgut, Emrah; Siemens, Mark E.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, Stefan; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Grychtol, Patrik; Granitzka, Patrick; Turgut, Emrah; Siemens, Mark E.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, Stefan; Granitzka, Patrick; Eich, Steffen; Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan; Granitzka, Patrick; Eich, Steffen; Aeschlimann, Martin] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Grychtol, Patrik; Adam, Roman; Schneider, Claus M.] Res Ctr Julich, Peter Grunberg Inst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Siemens, Mark E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Mathias, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM smathias@jila.colorado.edu RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Turgut, Emrah/D-2616-2014; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334; Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Turgut, Emrah/0000-0001-8846-2223; Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; European Community [GA 253316]; BMBF [05KS7UK1]; German Academic Exchange Service DAAD FX Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the U.S. government, not subject to U.S. copyright. S.M. and M.A. thank Daniel Steil, Tobias Roth, and Mirko Cinchetti for helpful discussion. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences and used facilities from the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology. S.M. was supported by the European Community's FP7 under Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship GA 253316, P. Grychtol by BMBF Project No. 05KS7UK1 and the German Academic Exchange Service DAAD. NR 37 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 9 U2 56 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 27 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 13 BP 4792 EP 4797 DI 10.1073/pnas.1201371109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 917HT UT WOS:000302164200024 PM 22411834 ER PT J AU Hafezi, M Rabl, P AF Hafezi, Mohammad Rabl, Peter TI Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in microring resonators SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM-NOISE REDUCTION; WAVE-GUIDE; LIGHT; TRANSITIONS; OPTICS; CAVITY; CHIP AB We describe a new approach for on-chip optical non-reciprocity which makes use of strong optomechanical interaction in microring resonators. By optically pumping the ring resonator in one direction, the optomechanical coupling is only enhanced in that direction, and consequently, the system exhibits a non-reciprocal response. For different configurations, this system can function either as an optical isolator or a coherent non-reciprocal phase shifter. We show that the operation of such a device on the level of single-photon could be achieved with existing technology. (C)2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rabl, Peter] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hafezi@umd.edu RI Rabl, Peter/F-2810-2012; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Rabl, Peter/0000-0002-2560-8835; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU U.S. Army Research Office MURI [W911NF0910406]; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; EU Network AQUTE; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [Y 591-N16] FX The authors gratefully thank A. Safavi-Naini, K. Srinvasan, J. Taylor, K. Stannigel and M. Lukin for fruitful discussions. This research was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office MURI award W911NF0910406, NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, the EU Network AQUTE and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): Y 591-N16. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 26 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 7 BP 7672 EP 7684 DI 10.1364/OE.20.007672 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 916YJ UT WOS:000302138800085 PM 22453446 ER PT J AU Engstrom, D Varney, MCM Persson, M Trivedi, RP Bertness, KA Goksor, M Smalyukh, II AF Engstrom, David Varney, Michael C. M. Persson, Martin Trivedi, Rahul P. Bertness, Kris A. Goksor, Mattias Smalyukh, Ivan I. TI Unconventional structure-assisted optical manipulation of high-index nanowires in liquid crystals SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL TOOLBOX; TWEEZERS; SURFACE; MICRORODS; PARTICLES; OBJECTS AB Stable optical trapping and manipulation of high-index particles in low-index host media is often impossible due to the dominance of scattering forces over gradient forces. Here we explore optical manipulation in liquid crystalline structured hosts and show that robust optical manipulation of high-index particles, such as GaN nanowires, is enabled by laser-induced distortions in long-range molecular alignment, via coupling of translational and rotational motions due to helicoidal molecular arrangement, or due to elastic repulsive interactions with confining substrates. Anisotropy of the viscoelastic liquid crystal medium and particle shape give rise to a number of robust unconventional trapping capabilities, which we use to characterize defect structures and study rheological properties of various thermotropic liquid crystals. (C)2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Engstrom, David; Varney, Michael C. M.; Persson, Martin; Trivedi, Rahul P.; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Engstrom, David; Persson, Martin; Goksor, Mattias] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Varney, Michael C. M.; Trivedi, Rahul P.; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Varney, Michael C. M.; Trivedi, Rahul P.; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Engstrom, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ivan.Smalyukh@colorado.edu RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011 OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966 FU International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter; NSF [DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461, DMR-0847782]; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education FX This work was supported by the International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (R.P.T, I.I.S), and by NSF grants DMR-0820579 (R.P.T., I.I.S.), DMR-0844115 (R.P.T., I.I.S.), DMR-0645461 (I.I.S.), and DMR-0847782 (R.P.T., I.I.S.). D.E. acknowledges support of the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education. We thank T. Lee, V. Loke, T. Nieminen, B. Senyuk, and C. Twombly for discussions. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 26 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 7 BP 7741 EP 7748 DI 10.1364/OE.20.007741 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 916YJ UT WOS:000302138800091 PM 22453452 ER PT J AU Chen, LB Sham, LJ Waks, E AF Chen, Li-Bo Sham, L. J. Waks, Edo TI Optically controlled phase gate for two spin qubits in coupled quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We present a feasible scheme for performing an optically controlled phase gate between two conduction electron spin qubits in adjacent self-assembled quantum dots. Interaction between the dots is mediated by the tunneling of the valence hole state, which is activated only by applying a laser pulse of the right polarization and frequency. Combining the hole tunneling with the Pauli blocking effect, we obtain conditional dynamics for the two quantum dots, which is the essence of our gating operations. Our results are of explicit relevance to the recent generation of vertically stacked self-assembled InAs quantum dots, and show that by a design which avoids unintended dynamics the gate could be implemented in theory in the 10-ps range and with a fidelity over 90%. Our proposal therefore offers an accessible path to the demonstration of ultrafast quantum logic in quantum dots. C1 [Chen, Li-Bo] Ocean Univ China, Dept Phys, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Chen, Li-Bo; Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Nanosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waks, Edo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, LB (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Dept Phys, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. EM lsham@ucsd.edu RI Chen, LIbo/F-1072-2011; OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 FU U.S. Army Research Office MURI [W911NF0910406]; Government of China through CSC [2009633075] FX L. Chen thanks Dr. W. Yang and Professor Y. J. Gu for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office MURI Award No. W911NF0910406. L. Chen was also supported in part by the Government of China through CSC Grant No. 2009633075. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 26 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 11 AR 115319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.115319 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 913ZM UT WOS:000301916100004 ER PT J AU Lock, RM Ramakrishna, S Zhou, X Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Seideman, T AF Lock, R. M. Ramakrishna, S. Zhou, X. Kapteyn, H. C. Murnane, M. M. Seideman, T. TI Extracting Continuum Electron Dynamics from High Harmonic Emission from Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALIGNED MOLECULES; GENERATION; INTERFEROMETRY; ORBITALS; FIELD AB We show that high harmonic generation is the most sensitive probe of rotational wave packet revivals, revealing very high-order rotational revivals for the first time using any probe. By fitting high-quality experimental data to an exact theory of high harmonic generation from aligned molecules, we can extract the underlying electronic dipole elements for high harmonic emission and uncover that the electron gains angular momentum from the photon field. C1 [Lock, R. M.; Zhou, X.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Murnane, M. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lock, R. M.; Zhou, X.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Murnane, M. M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lock, R. M.; Zhou, X.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Murnane, M. M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ramakrishna, S.; Seideman, T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Lock, RM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Robynne.Lock@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-99ER14982, DE-FG02-04ER15612]; AFOSR [P.O. 217178/01 // FA9550-11-1-0001] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. Maxim Artamonov. They thank the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Grants No. DE-FG02-99ER14982 and No. DE-FG02-04ER15612) and the AFOSR (Grant No. P.O. 217178/01 // FA9550-11-1-0001) for support, and the NSF EUV ERC for use of facilities. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 13 AR 133901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.133901 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 914AE UT WOS:000301918700002 PM 22540700 ER PT J AU Anitescu, G Tavlarides, LL Bruno, TJ AF Anitescu, George Tavlarides, Lawrence L. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Advanced biodiesel fuel production and combustion via supercritical fluid technologies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Anitescu, George; Tavlarides, Lawrence L.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Anitescu, George; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ganitesc@syr.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 578-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105910 ER PT J AU Beers, KL AF Beers, Kathryn L. TI Advances in measurement science for sustainable polymer chemistry: Modeling, microreactors and copolymerizations in polyester synthesis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beers@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 164-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204418 ER PT J AU Bingaman, JL McElroy, BA Stromberg, C Heilweil, E AF Bingaman, Jamie L. McElroy, Brent A. Stromberg, Chris Heilweil, Edwin TI Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy of [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site model compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bingaman, Jamie L.; McElroy, Brent A.; Stromberg, Chris] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jlb43@hood.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 363-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203603 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Queen, WL Hudson, MR AF Brown, Craig M. Queen, Wendy L. Hudson, Matthew R. TI Structures and properties of CO2 adsorbed in porous materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Craig M.; Queen, Wendy L.; Hudson, Matthew R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 35-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203287 ER PT J AU Burkey, TJ Heilweil, EJ Johnson, JO Mosley, KL Lubet, PP Webster, CE AF Burkey, Theodore J. Heilweil, Edwin J. Johnson, Jermaine O. Mosley, Karen L. Lubet, Philippe P. Webster, Charles Edwin TI Preparation and photochemistry of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl derivatives with pendant hydrazone and pyridine groups SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Burkey, Theodore J.; Johnson, Jermaine O.; Mosley, Karen L.; Lubet, Philippe P.; Webster, Charles Edwin] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tburkey@memphis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1001-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503201364 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM Oxford, GAE Stubbs, J Eng, P AF Chaka, Anne M. Oxford, Gloria A. E. Stubbs, Joanne Eng, Peter TI DFT investigation of the oxidation of uranium dioxide via the (111) surface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chaka, Anne M.; Oxford, Gloria A. E.] NIST, Div Radiat & Biomol Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stubbs, Joanne; Eng, Peter] Univ Chicago, GSE Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM anne.chaka@nist.gov RI Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013 OI Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 119-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475106088 ER PT J AU Chen, W Xu, T He, F Wang, W Wang, C Strzalka, J Liu, Y Wen, JG Miller, DJ Yu, LP Darling, SB AF Chen, Wei Xu, Tao He, Feng Wang, Wei Wang, Cheng Strzalka, Joseph Liu, Yun Wen, Jianguo Miller, Dean J. Yu, Luping Darling, Seth B. TI Rethinking the idealized morphology in high-performance organic photovoltaics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chen, Wei; Darling, Seth B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xu, Tao; He, Feng; Wang, Wei; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wang, Cheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strzalka, Joseph] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wen, Jianguo; Miller, Dean J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wen, Jianguo; Miller, Dean J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 516-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105859 ER PT J AU Dumont, MF Li, CH Knowles, ES Peprah, MK Pajerowski, DM Meisel, MW Talham, DR AF Dumont, Matthieu F. Li, Carissa H. Knowles, Elisabeth S. Peprah, Marcus K. Pajerowski, Daniel M. Meisel, Mark W. Talham, Daniel R. TI Photoinduced magnetization in core-shell Prussian blue analog heterostructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dumont, Matthieu F.; Knowles, Elisabeth S.; Peprah, Marcus K.; Meisel, Mark W.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dumont, Matthieu F.; Li, Carissa H.; Talham, Daniel R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pajerowski, Daniel M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dumont@ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1273-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503201615 ER PT J AU Dutta, AK Peterson, AW Zhao, HY He, HJ Zangmeister, R Schuck, P Tarlov, MJ AF Dutta, Amit K. Peterson, Alexander W. Zhao, Huaying He, Hua-Jun Zangmeister, Rebecca Schuck, Peter Tarlov, Michael J. TI Effect of lectin-glycoprotein binding strength on glycoanalysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dutta, Amit K.; Peterson, Alexander W.; He, Hua-Jun; Zangmeister, Rebecca; Tarlov, Michael J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dutta, Amit K.; Zhao, Huaying; Schuck, Peter] NIBIB, Lab Cellular Imaging & Macromol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. EM duttabapi2@gmail.com RI Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 76-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100615 ER PT J AU Elzey, S Tsai, DH Rabb, S Yu, L Winchester, M Hackley, V AF Elzey, Sherrie Tsai, De-Hao Rabb, Savelas Yu, Lee Winchester, Michael Hackley, Vince TI Quantification of thiolated surface species on gold nanoparticles using ICP-OES and ICP-MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Elzey, Sherrie; Tsai, De-Hao; Rabb, Savelas; Yu, Lee; Winchester, Michael; Hackley, Vince] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sherrie.elzey@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 253-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103705 ER PT J AU Fiddler, M Singh, S Brown, SS Bililign, S AF Fiddler, Marc Singh, Sujeeta Brown, Steven S. Bililign, Solomon TI Determining the photolysis rate constant of peracetic acid by measuring the absorption cross sections of the O-H stretching overtones using cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fiddler, Marc; Singh, Sujeeta; Bililign, Solomon] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mnfiddle@ncat.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 36-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100169 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Lee, J Citro, C Flynn, L Novy, M Temburni, S Zammarano, M Gilman, J AF Fox, Douglas M. Lee, Jieun Citro, Chris Flynn, Laura Novy, Melissa Temburni, Srilatha Zammarano, Mauro Gilman, Jeffrey TI Polymer property enhancements of poly(lactic acid) using POSS-modified cellulose based intumescing flame retardants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fox, Douglas M.; Lee, Jieun; Citro, Chris; Flynn, Laura; Novy, Melissa; Temburni, Srilatha; Zammarano, Mauro] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dfox@american.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 134-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203839 ER PT J AU Gorham, JM Rohlfing, AB MacCuspie, RI Lippa, KA Blickley, TM Holbrook, RD AF Gorham, Justin M. Rohlfing, Anne B. MacCuspie, Robert I. Lippa, Katrice A. Blickley, Twyla Michelle Holbrook, R. David TI Impact of storage conditions on the physicochemical characteristics of silver nanoparticle suspensions: A best practices study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gorham, Justin M.; Rohlfing, Anne B.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Lippa, Katrice A.; Blickley, Twyla Michelle; Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM justin.gorham@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 504-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103943 ER PT J AU Haghpanah, JS Tu, R DaSilva, S Gilman, JW Foster, EJ Weder, C Montclare, JK AF Haghpanah, Jennifer S. Tu, Raymond DaSilva, Sandra Gilman, Jeffrey W. Foster, E. Johan Weder, Christoph Montclare, Jin Kim TI Bionanocomposites: Differential effects of tunicate cellulose whiskers on protein block polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Haghpanah, Jennifer S.; Montclare, Jin Kim] NYU, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Tu, Raymond] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [DaSilva, Sandra; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foster, E. Johan; Weder, Christoph] Univ Fribourg, Adolphe Merkle Inst, Dept Chem & Mat, CH-1723 Marly, Switzerland. [Montclare, Jin Kim] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM jwgilman@nist.gov RI Foster, Johan/B-5270-2017 OI Foster, Johan/0000-0002-4103-8510 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 123-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203828 ER PT J AU Hindenlang, MD Knorr, DB Schoch, AB Fischer, DA Lenhart, JL AF Hindenlang, Mark D. Knorr, Daniel B. Schoch, Andrew B. Fischer, Daniel A. Lenhart, Joseph L. TI Chemical modifications at the epoxy/substrate interface: NEXAFS characterization and mechanical testing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hindenlang, Mark D.; Knorr, Daniel B.; Schoch, Andrew B.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] US Army Res Lab, Dept Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.hindenlang.ctr@mail.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 477-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204714 ER PT J AU Hudson, MR Queen, WL Brown, CM Fickel, DW Lobo, RF AF Hudson, Matthew R. Queen, Wendy L. Brown, Craig M. Fickel, Dustin W. Lobo, Raul F. TI CO2 separation properties of cation-exchanged zeolites investigated by neutron diffraction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hudson, Matthew R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fickel, Dustin W.; Lobo, Raul F.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM matt.hudson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 80-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203330 ER PT J AU Hunley, MT Kundu, S Johnson, PM Beers, KL AF Hunley, Matthew T. Kundu, Santanu Johnson, Peter M. Beers, Kathryn L. TI In situ Raman monitoring of ring-opening copolymerizations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hunley, Matthew T.; Kundu, Santanu; Johnson, Peter M.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.hunley@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 306-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204024 ER PT J AU Kashiwagi, T AF Kashiwagi, Takashi TI Flammability of polymer nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kashiwagi, Takashi] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20898 USA. EM takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 93-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203799 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Rick, DD AF Kim, Yeon Seok Rick, Davis D. TI Durable nanoparticle coatings to reduce polyurethane foam flammability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kim, Yeon Seok; Rick, Davis D.] NIST, Dept Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yeonkim@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 89-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203795 ER PT J AU Kraigsley, A Tang, K Keeler, CE Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S AF Kraigsley, Alison Tang, Kathy Keeler, Courtney E. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Biofilm response to dimethacrylate polymers: Effect of degree of polymerization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kraigsley, Alison; Tang, Kathy; Keeler, Courtney E.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 394-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204637 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Kline, SR Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Kline, Steven R. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Comparing solution structures with solid-state geometries of metal-seamed organic nanocapsules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kumari, Harshita; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hkyq2@mail.missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1275-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503201617 ER PT J AU Kusne, AG Karen, V Takeuchi, I AF Kusne, A. G. Karen, Vicky Takeuchi, Ichiro TI Rapid analysis of combinatorial library data and integration with databases: Regression and classification algorithms for automated learning in experimental and simulated composition spread data SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kusne, A. G.; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kusne, A. G.; Karen, Vicky] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM takeuchi@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 14-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203120 ER PT J AU Li, L Cockayne, EJ Espinal, L Wong-Ng, W AF Li, Lan Cockayne, Eric J. Espinal, Laura Wong-Ng, Winnie TI Carbon storage properties of OMS-2 manganese oxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Li, Lan; Cockayne, Eric J.; Espinal, Laura; Wong-Ng, Winnie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lan.li@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 426-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105778 ER PT J AU Li, YC Davis, RD AF Li, Yu-Chin Davis, Rick D. TI Self-extinguishing non-toxic layer-by-layer coating on flexible polyurethane foam SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Li, Yu-Chin; Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yu-chin.li@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 74-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203784 ER PT J AU Lin, EK AF Lin, Eric K. TI Advancing technology through measurement science: The NIST polymers division SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lin, Eric K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lin@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 441-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204679 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Rogers, K Patra, M Suo, ZY Allen, AJ Martin, MN Hackley, VA Akaighe, N Navarro, DA Aga, DS Banerjee, S Sohn, M Sharma, V Gorham, JM Fairbrother, DH Holbrook, RD AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Rogers, Kim Patra, Manomita Suo, Zhiyong Allen, Andrew J. Martin, Matthew N. Hackley, Vincent A. Akaighe, Nelson Navarro, Divina A. Aga, Diana S. Banerjee, Sarbajit Sohn, Mary Sharma, Virender Gorham, Justin M. Fairbrother, D. Howard Holbrook, R. David TI Silver nanoparticle metrology, chemistry and materials science for predicting environmental transformations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Allen, Andrew J.; Martin, Matthew N.; Hackley, Vincent A.; Gorham, Justin M.; Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rogers, Kim; Patra, Manomita; Suo, Zhiyong] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Akaighe, Nelson; Sohn, Mary; Sharma, Virender] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Navarro, Divina A.; Aga, Diana S.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Fairbrother, D. Howard] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov RI Navarro, Divina/F-5733-2013; Martin, Matthew/N-1154-2015 OI Navarro, Divina/0000-0002-8271-3578; Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-6323-4096 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 170-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103624 ER PT J AU Marquis, BJ Nathan, S Nelson, BC AF Marquis, Bryce J. Nathan, Shyam Nelson, Bryant C. TI Silver nanomaterial genotoxicty studies in acellular and in vivo models SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Marquis, Bryce J.; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nathan, Shyam] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM bryce.marquis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 188-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104972 ER PT J AU Maupin, PH Zammarano, M Sung, LP McCarthy, ED Kim, YS Fox, DM Gilman, JW AF Maupin, Paul H. Zammarano, Mauro Sung, Li-Piin McCarthy, Edward D. Kim, Yeon S. Fox, Douglas M. Gilman, Jeffery W. TI Studies of cellulose fibers in polymer nanocomposites: Probes of interface formation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Maupin, Paul H.; Zammarano, Mauro; Sung, Li-Piin; McCarthy, Edward D.; Kim, Yeon S.; Gilman, Jeffery W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.; Zammarano, Mauro; Sung, Li-Piin; McCarthy, Edward D.; Kim, Yeon S.; Gilman, Jeffery W.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Chem Sci Geosci & Biosci Div, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM Paul.maupin@science.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 158-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475101475 ER PT J AU McCarthy, ED Fox, DM Holmes, GA Zammarano, M Maupin, PH Gilman, JW AF McCarthy, E. D. Fox, D. M. Holmes, G. A. Zammarano, M. Maupin, P. H. Gilman, J. W. TI Rheology of novel poly(L,D-lactic acid (PLDLA) nanocomposite formed from in situ bulk polymerization of L,D-lactide by stearate layered double hydroxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McCarthy, E. D.; Holmes, G. A.; Zammarano, M.; Gilman, J. W.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fox, D. M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Maupin, P. H.] US DOE, Off Sci, Germantown, MD USA. EM edward.mccarthy@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 206-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203910 ER PT J AU Michalet, X Berglund, AJ AF Michalet, Xavier Berglund, Andrew J. TI Optimal diffusion coefficient estimation in single-particle tracking SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Michalet, Xavier] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Berglund, Andrew J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michalet@chem.ucla.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 448-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203682 ER PT J AU Morris, JR Lu, JW Fiegland, LR Davis, ED Alexander, WA Wagner, A Gandour, RD AF Morris, John R. Lu, Jessica W. Fiegland, Larry R. Davis, Erin D. Alexander, William A. Wagner, Alec Gandour, Richard D. TI Molecular beam studies of ozone scattering and reaction mechanisms on model organic surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Morris, John R.; Lu, Jessica W.; Davis, Erin D.; Wagner, Alec; Gandour, Richard D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fiegland, Larry R.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, William A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jrmorris@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 50-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475106021 ER PT J AU Neumann, DA Brown, CM Butler, PD AF Neumann, Dan A. Brown, Craig M. Butler, Paul D. TI Polymer science at the NIST Center for Neutron Research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Neumann, Dan A.; Brown, Craig M.; Butler, Paul D.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dan@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 442-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204680 ER PT J AU Qian, KK Zhou, W Xu, XM Udovic, TJ AF Qian, Ken K. Zhou, Wei Xu, Xiaoming Udovic, Terrence J. TI Probing the nature of ibuprofen confined in mesoporous media by neutron vibrational spectroscopy and first-principles calculations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Qian, Ken K.; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Xiaoming] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ken.qian@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 147-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103601 ER PT J AU Rafailovich, M Pack, S Yang, K He, S Muir, N Ross, M Davis, R Kashiwage, T Korach, C Swaraj, S Ade, H Lewin, M AF Rafailovich, Miriam Pack, Seongchan Yang, Kai He, Shan Muir, Neil Ross, Matthew Davis, Rachel Kashiwage, Takashi Korach, Chad Swaraj, Sufal Ade, Harald Lewin, Menahem TI Engineering flame retardant biodegradable nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rafailovich, Miriam; Pack, Seongchan; Yang, Kai; He, Shan; Ross, Matthew; Korach, Chad] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Muir, Neil] Cooper Union Adv Sci & Art, New York, NY USA. [Davis, Rachel] Smithtown High Sch East, Smithtown, NY USA. [Swaraj, Sufal; Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kashiwage, Takashi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miriam.rafailovich@stonybrook.edu RI Swaraj, Sufal/E-4407-2010 OI Swaraj, Sufal/0000-0001-7351-2320 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 94-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203800 ER PT J AU Rahatekar, SS Zhu, CC Koziol, KK Zammarano, M Rashid, A Gilman, JW Kumar, S AF Rahatekar, Sameer S. Zhu, Chenchen Koziol, Krzysztof K. Zammarano, Mauro Rashid, Asif Gilman, Jeffrey W. Kumar, Satish TI Cellulose and chitin nanocomposites based electrically conducting textile fibres and films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rahatekar, Sameer S.; Zhu, Chenchen] Univ Bristol, ACCIS, Bristol, Avon, England. [Koziol, Krzysztof K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rashid, Asif; Kumar, Satish] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sameer.rahatekar@bristol.ac.uk RI Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 32-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203744 ER PT J AU Roscioli, JR Gisler, AW Ziemkiewicz, MP Zutz, A Nesbitt, DJ AF Roscioli, Joseph R. Gisler, Andrew W. Ziemkiewicz, Michael P. Zutz, Amelia Nesbitt, David J. TI Insights into the physical chemistry of separations at gas-liquid interfaces from quantum state-resolved scattering studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Roscioli, Joseph R.; Gisler, Andrew W.; Ziemkiewicz, Michael P.; Zutz, Amelia; Nesbitt, David J.] JILA NIST, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 238-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203480 ER PT J AU Soles, C Ro, HW Lee, HJ Wang, CQ AF Soles, Christopher Ro, Hyun Wook Lee, Hae-Jeong Wang, Chengqing TI X-ray methods as a quantitative tool to evaluate nanoscale lithographic patterning technologies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Soles, Christopher; Ro, Hyun Wook; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Wang, Chengqing] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.soles@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 27-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203739 ER PT J AU Steinwinter, EM Adem, S Mansfield, E Aspinwall, CA AF Steinwinter, Elyssia M. Adem, Seid Mansfield, Elisabeth Aspinwall, Craig A. TI Phospholipid-derived coatings and stationary phases for electrophoretic capillary separations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Steinwinter, Elyssia M.; Adem, Seid; Mansfield, Elisabeth; Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Adem, Seid] Washburn Univ, Dept Chem, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aspinwal@email.arizona.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 5-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100142 ER PT J AU Stephenson, RM Ahmed, Z Zora, K Plusquellic, DF Walker, ARH AF Stephenson, Rachel M. Ahmed, Zeeshan Zora, Kyle Plusquellic, David F. Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Probing the validity of theoretical models for predicting vibrational spectra below 1,000 cm(-1) of alanine and its polypeptides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stephenson, Rachel M.; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Zora, Kyle; Plusquellic, David F.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zora, Kyle] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM rachel.stephenson@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 288-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203530 ER PT J AU Stephenson, RM Bhirde, A Chen, XY Walker, ARH AF Stephenson, Rachel M. Bhirde, Ashwinkumar Chen, Xiaoyuan Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Dispersant-dependence of the resonance Raman spectra and excitation profiles for aqueous SWCNT solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stephenson, Rachel M.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhirde, Ashwinkumar; Chen, Xiaoyuan] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rachel.stephenson@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 212-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475103664 ER PT J AU Szalai, VA Mendez, MA AF Szalai, Veronika A. Mendez, Miguel A. TI DNA nanofibers from G-quadruplex "synapsable DNA" subunits SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Szalai, Veronika A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Szalai, Veronika A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mendez, Miguel A.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Escuela Med, EC-170150 Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. EM mmendez@usfq.edu.ec NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 1075-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503201434 ER PT J AU Waters, MS Kundu, S Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S AF Waters, Michael S. Kundu, Santanu Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Structure-mechancial characterization of extracellular polymeric substance from biofilms SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Waters, Michael S.; Kundu, Santanu; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 462-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503204699 ER PT J AU Weber, TC Mayer, L De Robertis, A Greenaway, S Rice, G Beaudoin, J Shedd, B AF Weber, Thomas C. Mayer, Larry De Robertis, Alex Greenaway, Sam Rice, Glen Beaudoin, Jonathan Shedd, Bill TI Acoustic observations of oil and gas in the northern Gulf of Mexico during and after the Deepwater Horizon spill SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Weber, Thomas C.; Mayer, Larry; Beaudoin, Jonathan] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [De Robertis, Alex] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98116 USA. [Greenaway, Sam] NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20852 USA. [Rice, Glen] NOAA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shedd, Bill] BOEM, New Orleans, LA 70123 USA. EM weber@ccom.unh.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 176-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475106144 ER PT J AU Weidner, T Dubey, M Breen, NF Ash, J Baio, JE Jaye, C Fischer, DA Drobny, GP Castner, DG AF Weidner, Tobias Dubey, Manish Breen, Nicolas F. Ash, Jason Baio, Joe E. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Drobny, Gary P. Castner, David G. TI Probing the structure of statherin on hydroxyapatite surfaces with SFG and NEXAFS spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Weidner, Tobias; Dubey, Manish; Baio, Joe E.; Castner, David G.] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weidner, Tobias; Dubey, Manish; Baio, Joe E.; Castner, David G.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Breen, Nicolas F.; Ash, Jason; Drobny, Gary P.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM weidnert@uw.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 589-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475104037 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Schantz, MM AF Wise, Stephen A. Schantz, Michele M. TI Development of biodiesel standard reference materials (SRMs) for chemical composition and physical properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wise, Stephen A.; Schantz, Michele M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 197-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100273 ER PT J AU Wu, H AF Wu, Hui TI Novel hydride materials for hydrogen storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 394-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105747 ER PT J AU Yan, WL Herzing, AA Kiely, CJ Zhang, WX AF Yan, Weile Herzing, Andrew A. Kiely, Christopher J. Zhang, Wei-xian TI Structural transformation of Pd/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles in water and implications for particle reactivity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yan, Weile] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Kiely, Christopher J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Wei-xian] Tongji Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200093, Peoples R China. EM weile.yan@ttu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 290-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105081 ER PT J AU Yearley, EJ Scherer, TM Shire, SJ Zarraga, I Gokarn, YR Wagner, NJ Liu, Y AF Yearley, Eric J. Scherer, Thomas M. Shire, Steve J. Zarraga, Isidro (Dan) Gokarn, Yatin R. Wagner, Norman J. Liu, Yun TI Small-angle neutron scattering and neutron spin echo characterization of monoclonal antibody self-associations at high concentrations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yearley, Eric J.; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scherer, Thomas M.; Shire, Steve J.; Zarraga, Isidro (Dan); Gokarn, Yatin R.] Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM eyearley@udel.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 389-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475100915 ER PT J AU Yildirim, T AF Yildirim, Taner TI Efficient carbon capture in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 77-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105451 ER PT J AU Zammarano, M Matko, S Davis, RD Kraemer, RH AF Zammarano, Mauro Matko, Szabolcs Davis, Rick D. Kraemer, Roland H. TI Flexible polyurethane foam with well characterized and reproducible smoldering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zammarano, Mauro; Matko, Szabolcs; Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kraemer, Roland H.] BASF SE, GKT R, Ludwigshafen, Germany. EM mzam@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 40-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219JX UT WOS:000324503203751 ER PT J AU Zhou, W AF Zhou, Wei TI Role of dimetal paddlewheels on CO2 adsorption in metal-organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Biorelated Polymer Symposium / 243rd National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2012 VL 243 MA 533-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219AH UT WOS:000324475105873 ER PT J AU Mahlstein, I Knutti, R AF Mahlstein, Irina Knutti, Reto TI September Arctic sea ice predicted to disappear near 2 degrees C global warming above present SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL CYCLE; FUTURE; AMPLIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; PROJECTIONS; CONSTRAIN; FEEDBACK; OCEAN AB The decline of Arctic sea ice is one of the most visible signs of climate change over the past several decades. Arctic sea ice area shows large interannual variability due to the numerous factors, but on longer time scales the total sea ice area is approximately linearly related to Arctic surface air temperature in models and observations. Overall, models however strongly underestimate the recent sea ice decline. Here we show that this can be explained with two interlinked biases. Most climate models simulate a smaller sea ice area reduction per degree local surface warming. Arctic polar amplification, the ratio between Arctic and global temperature, is also underestimated but a number of models are within the uncertainty estimated from natural variability. A recalibration of an ensemble of global climate models using observations over 28 years provides a scenario independent relationship and yields about 2 degrees C change in annual mean global surface temperature above present as the most likely global temperature threshold for September sea ice to disappear, but with substantial associated uncertainty. Natural variability in the Arctic is large and needs to be considered both for such recalibrations as well as for model evaluation, in particular when observed trends are relatively short. C1 [Mahlstein, Irina; Knutti, Reto] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Mahlstein, Irina] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mahlstein, I (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R-CSD8, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irina.mahlstein@noaa.gov RI Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008; Mahlstein, Irina/D-5373-2013; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; FU Office of Science, U.S. DOE FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. DOE. NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 24 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D06104 DI 10.1029/2011JD016709 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 914IJ UT WOS:000301942700002 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Han, Y Weng, FZ AF Chen, Yong Han, Yong Weng, Fuzhong TI Comparison of two transmittance algorithms in the community radiative transfer model: Application to AVHRR SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LEAVING RADIANCE; REFLECTION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE; EMISSIVITY; ASSIMILATION; CHANNELS; CFC-113 AB Two transmittance algorithms, Optical Depth in Absorber Space (ODAS) and newly developed Optical Depth in Pressure Space (ODPS), are currently available in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) version 2. There are noticeable differences of simulated brightness temperature (BT) between the two algorithms for the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer's (AVHRR) three infrared channels. For channel 3, the BT difference is dependent on the zenith angle and is mainly caused by the plane-parallel atmospheric assumption used in ODAS. For channels 4 and 5, the differences arise from both zenith angle and gaseous absorption in the two algorithms. In the ODPS algorithm, a reduction in radiance due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) absorption is partially offset by an increase due to a smaller local zenith angle at higher atmospheric levels. A further evaluation of the two transmittance algorithms was performed by comparing AVHRR simulated and observed BTs over ocean. Overall, ODPS is better than ODAS. The BT biases at channels 4 and 5 are dramatically improved in ODPS and very close to zero. At satellite nadir position, an inclusion of CFCs in ODPS reduces bias by 0.25, and 0.15 K for channels 4, and 5, respectively. However, the channel 3 bias shows a strong zenith angle dependence when it is larger than 40 degrees in both the ODAS and ODPS simulations. This bias is due probably to the cloud contamination at larger zenith angles, and additional absorption in the atmosphere associated with other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor. C1 [Chen, Yong] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chen, Yong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 712, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX The authors thank Xiaozhen Xiong and Xu Li for their critical review and judicious comments. Thanks are also extended to Quanhua Liu for his help with aerosol impact simulations, Paul van Delst for the CRTM software integration, and three anonymous reviewers for their very useful suggestions to improve our paper. This research was supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project 2010CB951600 and the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 23 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D06206 DI 10.1029/2011JD016656 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 914IF UT WOS:000301942300002 ER PT J AU Knapp, KR AF Knapp, Kenneth R. TI Intersatellite bias of the high-resolution infrared radiation sounder water vapor channel determined using ISCCP B1 data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE geostationary satellite; atmospheric water vapor; satellite calibration ID SATELLITE; CALIBRATION; HIRS; CLIMATOLOGY AB Information on the distribution and transport of upper tropospheric humidity helps our understanding of atmospheric circulation. However, efforts to develop a dataset that is not diurnally biased-that is, one that is based on geostationary data-have been hindered by a lack of intercalibration of the historical geostationary satellite water vapor channels. Toward this end, the high-resolution infrared radiation sounder (HIRS) intersatellite bias is determined by using collocated observations of geostationary and HIRS to compute monthly biases between HIRS instruments on different satellites. The resulting HIRS intersatellite bias then allows the construction of a temporally consistent HIRS record, from which geostationary satellite water vapor channels can be intercalibrated. This intercalibration will allow a uniform analysis of upper tropospheric water vapor. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063523] C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Ken.Knapp@noaa.gov RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 22 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063523 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063523 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 916RA UT WOS:000302119700001 ER PT J AU Awan, IA Burgess, DR Manion, JA AF Awan, Iftikhar A. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Pressure Dependence and Branching Ratios in the Decomposition of 1-Pentyl Radicals: Shock Tube Experiments and Master Equation Modeling SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; GAS-PHASE; ALKYL RADICALS; AB-INITIO; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PENTYL RADICALS; HEXYL RADICALS; RATE-CONSTANT; ISOMERIZATION AB The decomposition and intramolecular H-transfer isomerization reactions of the 1-pentyl radical have been studied at temperatures of 880 to 1055 K and pressures of 80 to 680 kPa using the single pulse shock tube technique and additionally investigated with quantum chemical methods. The 1-pentyl radical was generated by shock heating dilute mixtures of 1-iodopentane and the stable products of its decomposition have been observed by postshock gas chromatographic analysis. Ethene and propene are the main olefin products and account for >97% of the carbon balance from 1-pentyl. Also produced are very small amounts of (E)-2-pentene, (Z)-2-pentene, and 1-butene. The ethene/propene product ratio is pressure dependent and varies from about 3 to 5 over the range of temperatures and pressures studied. Formation of ethene and propene can be related to the concentrations of 1-pentyl and 2-pentyl radicals in the system and the relative rates of five-center intramolecular H-transfer reactions and beta C-C bond scissions. The 3-pentyl radical, formed via a four-center intramolecular H transfer, leads to 1-butene and plays only a very minor role in the system. The observed (E/Z)-2-pentenes can arise from a small amount of beta C-H bond scission in the 2-pentyl radical. The current experimental and computational results are considered in conjunction with relevant literature data from lower temperatures to develop a consistent kinetics model that reproduces the observed branching ratios and pressure effects. The present experimental results provide the first available data on the pressure dependence of the olefin product branching ratio for alkyl radical decomposition at high temperatures and require a value of = (675 +/- 100) cm(-1) for the average energy transferred in deactivating collisions in an argon bath gas when an exponential-down model is employed. High pressure rate expressions for the relevant H-transfer reactions and beta bond scissions are derived and a Rice Ramsberger Kassel Marcus/Master Equation (RRKM/ME) analysis has been performed and used to extrapolate the data to temperatures between 700 and 1900 K and pressures of 10 to 1 x 10(5) kPa. C1 [Awan, Iftikhar A.; Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 22 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 11 BP 2895 EP 2910 DI 10.1021/jp2115302 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 912AT UT WOS:000301766500036 PM 22356429 ER PT J AU Hooker, SK Fahlman, A Moore, MJ de Soto, NA de Quiros, YB Brubakk, AO Costa, DP Costidis, AM Dennison, S Falke, KJ Fernandez, A Ferrigno, M Fitz-Clarke, JR Garner, MM Houser, DS Jepson, PD Ketten, DR Kvadsheim, PH Madsen, PT Pollock, NW Rotstein, DS Rowles, TK Simmons, SE Van Bonn, W Weathersby, PK Weise, MJ Williams, TM Tyack, PL AF Hooker, S. K. Fahlman, A. Moore, M. J. Aguilar de Soto, N. Bernaldo de Quiros, Y. Brubakk, A. O. Costa, D. P. Costidis, A. M. Dennison, S. Falke, K. J. Fernandez, A. Ferrigno, M. Fitz-Clarke, J. R. Garner, M. M. Houser, D. S. Jepson, P. D. Ketten, D. R. Kvadsheim, P. H. Madsen, P. T. Pollock, N. W. Rotstein, D. S. Rowles, T. K. Simmons, S. E. Van Bonn, W. Weathersby, P. K. Weise, M. J. Williams, T. M. Tyack, P. L. TI Deadly diving? Physiological and behavioural management of decompression stress in diving mammals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE diving physiology; marine mammals; gas bubbles; embolism; decompression sickness ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; LION ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; GAS-BUBBLE LESIONS; MARINE MAMMALS; BEAKED-WHALES; WEDDELL SEALS; NITROGEN TENSIONS; HARBOR SEALS; HEART-RATES; DEPTH AB Decompression sickness (DCS; 'the bends') is a disease associated with gas uptake at pressure. The basic pathology and cause are relatively well known to human divers. Breath-hold diving marine mammals were thought to be relatively immune to DCS owing to multiple anatomical, physiological and behavioural adaptations that reduce nitrogen gas (N-2) loading during dives. However, recent observations have shown that gas bubbles may form and tissue injury may occur in marine mammals under certain circumstances. Gas kinetic models based on measured time-depth profiles further suggest the potential occurrence of high blood and tissue N-2 tensions. We review evidence for gas-bubble incidence in marine mammal tissues and discuss the theory behind gas loading and bubble formation. We suggest that diving mammals vary their physiological responses according to multiple stressors, and that the perspective on marine mammal diving physiology should change from simply minimizing N-2 loading to management of the N-2 load. This suggests several avenues for further study, ranging from the effects of gas bubbles at molecular, cellular and organ function levels, to comparative studies relating the presence/absence of gas bubbles to diving behaviour. Technological advances in imaging and remote instrumentation are likely to advance this field in coming years. C1 [Hooker, S. K.; Tyack, P. L.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Fahlman, A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Moore, M. J.; Ketten, D. R.; Tyack, P. L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aguilar de Soto, N.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Anim Biol, Tenerife 38256, Canary Islands, Spain. [Bernaldo de Quiros, Y.; Fernandez, A.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Inst Anim Hlth, Arucas 35413, Las Palmas, Spain. [Brubakk, A. O.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Circulat & Med Imaging, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Costa, D. P.; Williams, T. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Costidis, A. M.] Univ Florida, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Costidis, A. M.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Dennison, S.; Van Bonn, W.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Falke, K. J.] Univ Med Berlin, Charite, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Ferrigno, M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ferrigno, M.; Ketten, D. R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fitz-Clarke, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada. [Garner, M. M.] NW ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. [Houser, D. S.] Biomimetica, Santee, CA 92071 USA. [Jepson, P. D.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Kvadsheim, P. H.] Norwegian Def Res Estab FFI, NO-3191 Horten, Norway. [Madsen, P. T.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Pollock, N. W.] Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Pollock, N. W.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Rotstein, D. S.; Rowles, T. K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Simmons, S. E.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Weise, M. J.] Marine Mammals & Biol Oceanog Program, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hooker, SK (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM s.hooker@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Aguilar de Soto, Natacha/D-3002-2011; Tyack, Peter/D-6209-2013; Jepson, Paul/G-1840-2013; Hooker, Sascha/J-3267-2013; Madsen, Peter/K-5832-2013; Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015; Bernaldo de Quiros, Yara/A-3628-2015; Fernandez, Antonio/G-3448-2015 OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528; Aguilar de Soto, Natacha/0000-0001-9818-3527; Tyack, Peter/0000-0002-8409-4790; Madsen, Peter/0000-0002-5208-5259; Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479; Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631; Bernaldo de Quiros, Yara/0000-0002-2611-0406; Fernandez, Antonio/0000-0001-5281-0521 FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Marine Mammal Centre, MA, USA FX This paper arose out of a workshop convened in April 2010 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Marine Mammal Center. Diverse fields (human diving medicine, marine mammal medicine and pathology, anatomy, physiology, ecology, and behaviour) were brought together to review the current knowledge on diving marine mammal gas kinetics, and the potential risk of decompression sickness in beaked whales and other marine mammal species. This paper and the workshop it stemmed from were funded by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Marine Mammal Centre, MA, USA. Thanks to A. Allen for sourcing data files (i-v) used to generate figure 1, and to M. A. Fedak and two anonymous referees for providing valuable comments. NR 70 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 16 U2 207 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 22 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1731 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1098/rspb.2011.2088 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 894HF UT WOS:000300417000001 PM 22189402 ER PT J AU Schiros, T Mannsfeld, S Chiu, CY Yager, KG Ciston, J Gorodetsky, AA Palma, M Bullard, Z Kramer, T Delongchamp, D Fischer, D Kymissis, I Toney, MF Nuckolls, C AF Schiros, Theanne Mannsfeld, Stefan Chiu, Chien-yang Yager, Kevin G. Ciston, James Gorodetsky, Alon A. Palma, Matteo Bullard, Zac Kramer, Theodore Delongchamp, Dean Fischer, Daniel Kymissis, Ioannis Toney, Michael F. Nuckolls, Colin TI Reticulated Organic Photovoltaics SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE organic electronics; photovoltaics; self-assembly; microstructure; nanostructures ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB This paper shows how the self-assembled interlocking of two nanostructured materials can lead to increased photovoltaic performance. A detailed picture of the reticulated 6-DBTTC/C60 organic photovoltaic (OPV) heterojunction, which produces devices approaching the theoretical maximum for these materials, is presented from near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Grazing Incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The complementary suite of techniques shows how self-assembly can be exploited to engineer the interface and morphology between the cables of donor (6-DBTTC) material and a polycrystalline acceptor (C60) to create an interpenetrating network of pure phases expected to be optimal for OPV device design. Moreover, we find that there is also a structural and electronic interaction between the two materials at the molecular interface. The data show how molecular self-assembly can facilitate 3-D nanostructured photovoltaic cells that are made with the simplicity and control of bilayer device fabrication. The significant improvement in photovoltaic performance of the reticulated heterojunction over the flat analog highlights the potential of these strategies to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells. C1 [Schiros, Theanne; Kymissis, Ioannis] Columbia Univ, Energy Frontier Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chiu, Chien-yang; Gorodetsky, Alon A.; Bullard, Zac; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mannsfeld, Stefan; Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yager, Kevin G.; Ciston, James] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Palma, Matteo; Kramer, Theodore] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Delongchamp, Dean] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schiros, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Energy Frontier Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM cn37@columbia.edu RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Bullard, Zachary/H-5858-2012; Kymissis, Ioannis/A-5994-2010; Chiu, Chien-Yang/O-8730-2014; Palma , Matteo/E-6392-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Kymissis, Ioannis/0000-0001-7417-1759; Palma , Matteo/0000-0001-8715-4034 FU Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001085]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0936923]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Research supported as part of the Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC0001085. A. A. G. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Number CHE-0936923. Portions of this research were carried out at beamlines 11-3 and 13-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, and beamlines X-9 and U7A at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, which are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank Hirohito Ogaswara for assistance at beamline 13-2 and Kim Kisslinger for assistance with TEM sample preparation. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 66 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAR 21 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1167 EP 1173 DI 10.1002/adfm.201102572 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 908HH UT WOS:000301481000010 ER PT J AU Nieuwendaal, RC Ro, HW Germack, DS Kline, RJ Toney, MF Chan, CK Agrawal, A Gundlach, D VanderHart, DL Delongchamp, DM AF Nieuwendaal, Ryan C. Ro, Hyun Wook Germack, David S. Kline, R. Joseph Toney, Michael F. Chan, Calvin K. Agrawal, Amit Gundlach, David VanderHart, David L. Delongchamp, Dean M. TI Measuring Domain Sizes and Compositional Heterogeneities in P3HT-PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Thin Films with 1H Spin Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE organic photovoltaics; bulk heterojunctions; solid-state NMR; domain sizes; morphology; spin diffusion ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; SOLID-STATE NMR; EXCITON DIFFUSION; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; FULLERENE; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); LAYER AB The application of 1H spin diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is expanded to polymer-fullerene blends for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPV) by developing a new experimental methodology for measuring the thin films used in poly-3-hexylthiophenephenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT-PCBM) OPV devices and by creating an analysis framework for estimating domain size distributions. It is shown that variations in common P3HT-PCBM BHJ processing parameters such as spin-coating speed and thermal annealing can significantly affect domain size distributions, which in turn affect power conversion efficiency. 1H spin diffusion NMR analysis reveals that films spin-cast at fast speeds in dichlorobenzene are primarily composed of small (<10 nm) domains of each component; these devices exhibit low power conversion efficiencies (? = 0.4%). Fast-cast films improve substantially by thermal annealing, which causes nanometer-scale coarsening leading to higher efficiency (? = 2.2%). Films spin-cast at slow speeds and then slowly dried exhibit larger domains and even higher efficiencies (? = 2.6%), but do not benefit from thermal annealing. The 1H spin diffusion NMR results show that a significant population of domains tens of nanometers in size is a common characteristic of samples with higher efficiencies. C1 [Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Germack, David S.; Kline, R. Joseph; Toney, Michael F.; Chan, Calvin K.; Agrawal, Amit; Gundlach, David; VanderHart, David L.; Delongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nieuwendaal, RC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryann@nist.gov; deand@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603 FU National Research Council FX R.C.N. acknowledges support from the National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship program. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. C. L. Soles, L. J. Richter, and other members of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Electronics Materials Group are acknowledged for valuable discussions. A. Possollo of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Statistical Engineering Division is acknowledged for his assistance and direction with the program R. Certain commercial equipment and materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendations by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 79 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAR 21 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1255 EP 1266 DI 10.1002/adfm.201102138 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 908HH UT WOS:000301481000021 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Hocevar, J Stone, RP Fedorov, DV AF Miller, Robert J. Hocevar, John Stone, Robert P. Fedorov, Dmitry V. TI Structure-Forming Corals and Sponges and Their Use as Fish Habitat in Bering Sea Submarine Canyons SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA; PRIMNOA-RESEDAEFORMIS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; FLOOR HABITAT; SHELF-EDGE AB Continental margins are dynamic, heterogeneous settings that can include canyons, seamounts, and banks. Two of the largest canyons in the world, Zhemchug and Pribilof, cut into the edge of the continental shelf in the southeastern Bering Sea. Here currents and upwelling interact to produce a highly productive area, termed the Green Belt, that supports an abundance of fishes and squids as well as birds and marine mammals. We show that in some areas the floor of these canyons harbors high densities of gorgonian and pennatulacean corals and sponges, likely due to enhanced surface productivity, benthic currents and seafloor topography. Rockfishes, including the commercially important Pacific ocean perch, Sebastes alutus, were associated with corals and sponges as well as with isolated boulders. Sculpins, poachers and pleuronectid flounders were also associated with corals in Pribilof Canyon, where corals were most abundant. Fishes likely use corals and sponges as sources of vertical relief, which may harbor prey as well as provide shelter from predators. Boulders may be equivalent habitat in this regard, but are sparse in the canyons, strongly suggesting that biogenic structure is important fish habitat. Evidence of disturbance to the benthos from fishing activities was observed in these remote canyons. Bottom trawling and other benthic fishing gear has been shown to damage corals and sponges that may be very slow to recover from such disturbance. Regulation of these destructive practices is key to conservation of benthic habitats in these canyons and the ecosystem services they provide. C1 [Miller, Robert J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hocevar, John] Greenpeace USA, Washington, DC USA. [Stone, Robert P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Fedorov, Dmitry V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Vis Res Lab, Ctr Bioimage Informat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM miller@msi.ucsb.edu OI Hocevar, John/0000-0002-8346-1341 FU Aspenwood Foundation; Firedoll Foundation; United States National Science Foundation [III-0808772, 0941717]; iPlant Collaborative [DBI-0735191] FX This research was supported by the Aspenwood and Firedoll Foundations, John and Ginger Sall, the United States National Science Foundation awards III-0808772, #0941717 and iPlant Collaborative #DBI-0735191. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33885 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033885 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 939YN UT WOS:000303857100053 PM 22470486 ER PT J AU Thompson, AR Watson, W McClatchie, S Weber, ED AF Thompson, Andrew R. Watson, William McClatchie, Sam Weber, Edward D. TI Multi-Scale Sampling to Evaluate Assemblage Dynamics in an Oceanic Marine Reserve SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LARVAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA REGION; LONG-TERM TRENDS; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; PACIFIC; SCALE AB To resolve the capacity of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) to enhance fish productivity it is first necessary to understand how environmental conditions affect the distribution and abundance of fishes independent of potential reserve effects. Baseline fish production was examined from 2002-2004 through ichthyoplankton sampling in a large (10,878 km(2)) Southern Californian oceanic marine reserve, the Cowcod Conservation Area (CCA) that was established in 2001, and the Southern California Bight as a whole (238,000 km(2) CalCOFI sampling domain). The CCA assemblage changed through time as the importance of oceanic-pelagic species decreased between 2002 (La Nina) and 2003 (El Nino) and then increased in 2004 (El Nino), while oceanic species and rockfishes displayed the opposite pattern. By contrast, the CalCOFI assemblage was relatively stable through time. Depth, temperature, and zooplankton explained more of the variability in assemblage structure at the CalCOFI scale than they did at the CCA scale. CalCOFI sampling revealed that oceanic species impinged upon the CCA between 2002 and 2003 in association with warmer offshore waters, thus explaining the increased influence of these species in the CCA during the El Nino years. Multi-scale, spatially explicit sampling and analysis was necessary to interpret assemblage dynamics in the CCA and likely will be needed to evaluate other focal oceanic marine reserves throughout the world. C1 [Thompson, Andrew R.; Watson, William; McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Edward D.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Thompson, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. EM andrew.thompson@noaa.gov RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX This research was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33131 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033131 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 939YB UT WOS:000303855700026 PM 22448236 ER PT J AU Thacker, WC AF Thacker, William Carlisle TI Regression-based estimates of the rate of accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean: A fresh look SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Regression; MLR; eMLR ID LAST 2 DECADES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; INCREASE; ATLANTIC AB Regression-based methods used for estimating the rate of increase of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean are reviewed and guidelines for improvement are presented. Following these guidelines leads to a local two-regression method, the first regression accounting for changes in oceanic carbon due to natural variability and the second regression associating the remaining systematic temporal variability with the anthropogenic signal to quantify the rate of accumulation. While a formal measure of the accumulation rate's uncertainty is provided by the standard error of the second regression's slope parameter, both the available data's limited ability to characterize carbon's natural variability in the absence of any anthropogenic contribution and the choice of regressors to account for that variability present significant uncertainties that are less easily quantified. An attractive feature of the method is its applicability to data other than those from repeated hydrographic surveys, such as might be provided by appropriately instrumented profiling floats. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thacker, William Carlisle] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thacker, William Carlisle] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Thacker, WC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM carlisle.thacker@noaa.gov RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 FU Physical Oceanographic Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorology FX Thanks are due to the Physical Oceanographic Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorology for supporting this study. Thanks are also extended to Dennis Hansell, Tsung-Hung Peng, Claudia Schmid, and Rik Wanninkhof for very helpful conversations. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 132 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2012.02.004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 927SF UT WOS:000302929700006 ER PT J AU Bahreini, R Middlebrook, AM de Gouw, JA Warneke, C Trainer, M Brock, CA Stark, H Brown, SS Dube, WP Gilman, JB Hall, K Holloway, JS Kuster, WC Perring, AE Prevot, ASH Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Szidat, S Wagner, NL Weber, RJ Zotter, P Parrish, DD AF Bahreini, R. Middlebrook, A. M. de Gouw, J. A. Warneke, C. Trainer, M. Brock, C. A. Stark, H. Brown, S. S. Dube, W. P. Gilman, J. B. Hall, K. Holloway, J. S. Kuster, W. C. Perring, A. E. Prevot, A. S. H. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Szidat, S. Wagner, N. L. Weber, R. J. Zotter, P. Parrish, D. D. TI Gasoline emissions dominate over diesel in formation of secondary organic aerosol mass SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; WEEKDAY-WEEKEND DIFFERENCES; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON; PARTICULATE MATTER; ELEMENTAL CARBON; NITROGEN-OXIDES; PART 1; CALIFORNIA; OZONE; INSTRUMENT AB Although laboratory experiments have shown that organic compounds in both gasoline fuel and diesel engine exhaust can form secondary organic aerosol (SOA), the fractional contribution from gasoline and diesel exhaust emissions to ambient SOA in urban environments is poorly known. Here we use airborne and ground- based measurements of organic aerosol (OA) in the Los Angeles (LA) Basin, California made during May and June 2010 to assess the amount of SOA formed from diesel emissions. Diesel emissions in the LA Basin vary between weekdays and weekends, with 54% lower diesel emissions on weekends. Despite this difference in source contributions, in air masses with similar degrees of photochemical processing, formation of OA is the same on weekends and weekdays, within the measurement uncertainties. This result indicates that the contribution from diesel emissions to SOA formation is zero within our uncertainties. Therefore, substantial reductions of SOA mass on local to global scales will be achieved by reducing gasoline vehicle emissions. Citation: Bahreini, R., et al. (2012), Gasoline emissions dominate over diesel in formation of secondary organic aerosol mass, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06805, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050718. C1 [Bahreini, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Stark, H.; Dube, W. P.; Gilman, J. B.; Hall, K.; Holloway, J. S.; Perring, A. E.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Wagner, N. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Middlebrook, A. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Trainer, M.; Brock, C. A.; Stark, H.; Brown, S. S.; Dube, W. P.; Gilman, J. B.; Hall, K.; Holloway, J. S.; Kuster, W. C.; Perring, A. E.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Wagner, N. L.; Parrish, D. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Prevot, A. S. H.; Zotter, P.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bahreini, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM roya.bahreini@noaa.gov RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Szidat, Sonke/D-6706-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Szidat, Sonke/0000-0002-1824-6207; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; FU NOAA FX NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality Programs supported this work. California Air Resources Board supported infrastructure at the Pasadena ground-site. NSF supported travel/Shipping costs of the PSI group. Access to the instrument MICADAS for 14C analysis was provided by L. Wacker (ETH Zurich). We thank members of J. Surratt's and R. Weber's groups for support during the off- line sampling in Pasadena and I. B. Pollack for sharing results of her paper before publication. Discussions and feedback from J. L. Jimenez, A. L. Robinson, and I. B. Pollack are appreciated. NR 41 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 93 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L06805 DI 10.1029/2011GL050718 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 914GC UT WOS:000301936500003 ER PT J AU Wahl, ER Smerdon, JE AF Wahl, Eugene R. Smerdon, Jason E. TI Comparative performance of paleoclimate field and index reconstructions derived from climate proxies and noise-only predictors SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURES; ROBUSTNESS AB The performance of climate field reconstruction (CFR) and index reconstruction methods is evaluated using proxy and non- informative predictor experiments. The skill of both reconstruction methods is determined using proxy data targeting the western region of North America. The results are compared to those targeting the same region, but derived from non- informative predictors comprising red- noise time series reflecting the full temporal autoregressive structure of the proxy network. All experiments are performed as probabilistic ensembles, providing estimated Monte Carlo distributions of reconstruction skill. Results demonstrate that the CFR skill distributions from proxy data are statistically distinct from and outperform the corresponding skill distributions generated from non- informative predictors; similar relative performance is demonstrated for the index reconstructions. In comparison to the CFR results using proxy information, the index reconstructions exhibit similar skill in calibration, but somewhat less skill in validation and a tendency to underestimate the amplitude of the validation period mean. Citation: Wahl, E. R., and J. E. Smerdon (2012), Comparative performance of paleoclimate field and index reconstructions derived from climate proxies and noise-only predictors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06703, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051086. C1 [Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA, Paleoclimate Branch, NCDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smerdon, Jason E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Wahl, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Paleoclimate Branch, NCDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eugene.r.wahl@noaa.gov RI Smerdon, Jason/F-9952-2011 FU NSF [ATM0902436]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310060, NA10OAR4320137]; NCAR FX Supported in part by NSF grant ATM0902436 (JES), by NOAA grants NA07OAR4310060 (JES) and NA10OAR4320137 (JES), and by the Weather and Climate Impacts Assessment Science Program, NCAR (ERW). LDEO contribution 7527. Supplementary materials for this manuscript can be accessed at http://www. ldeo. columbia. edu/ similar to jsmerdon/2012_grl_wahlandsmerdon_supplement. html. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L06703 DI 10.1029/2012GL051086 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 914GC UT WOS:000301936500005 ER PT J AU Gameson, L Rhoderick, GC Guenther, FR AF Gameson, Lyn Rhoderick, George C. Guenther, Franklin R. TI Preparation of Accurate, Low-Concentration Gas Cylinder Standards by Cryogenic Trapping of a Permeation Tube Gas Stream SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB National and international measurements are underpinned by accurate, low concentration standards. These standards are typically produced gravimetrically, or volumetrically, by a series of dilutions of the pure material by the balance gas. This blend technique is time-consuming and may involve the handling of pure, hazardous material. These problems have been overcome by developing a novel blend technique whereby the process gas stream, from an appropriate permeation tube, was cryogenically trapped in an aluminum cylinder. The permeation rate of the component is monitored by real time mass determinations using a magnetic suspension balance system. With the combination of the real-time calculated permeation rate, plus the use of a dilution system, a one step production of a very low concentration of the minor component in nitrogen gas can be achieved. This method was used to prepare low mu mol/mol standards of propane, a known stable compound. Analysis of a conventional gravimetrically prepared 10 mu mol/mol propane standard and a cryogenically prepared standard via a permeation gas stream resulted in agreement between the two of <0.1% at 10 mu mol/mol, confirming the accuracy of the permeation method. After confirmation of the validity of the permeation/cryogenic trapping system, the propane permeation tube was replaced with a methyl mercaptan tube (a toxic, reactive compound) in balance nitrogen. After cryogenically trapping the methyl mercaptan output stream from the permeation system into a cylinder, the output stream and the cylinder gas mixture were analyzed. The results showed agreement of <0.6% for methyl mercaptan at 5, 10, 15, and 20 mu mol/mol to the expected blend concentration, thereby demonstrating the validity of the method. C1 [Gameson, Lyn; Rhoderick, George C.; Guenther, Franklin R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gameson, L (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8393, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyn.gameson@nist.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 6 BP 2857 EP 2861 DI 10.1021/ac203392w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 910KB UT WOS:000301634500035 PM 22401605 ER PT J AU Menanteau, F Hughes, JP Sifon, C Hilton, M Gonzalez, J Infante, L Barrientos, LF Baker, AJ Bond, JR Das, S Devlin, MJ Dunkley, J Hajian, A Hincks, AD Kosowsky, A Marsden, D Marriage, TA Moodley, K Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Reese, ED Sehgal, N Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Wollack, E AF Menanteau, Felipe Hughes, John P. Sifon, Cristobal Hilton, Matt Gonzalez, Jorge Infante, Leopoldo Felipe Barrientos, L. Baker, Andrew J. Bond, John R. Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dunkley, Joanna Hajian, Amir Hincks, Adam D. Kosowsky, Arthur Marsden, Danica Marriage, Tobias A. Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Reese, Erik D. Sehgal, Neelima Sievers, Jon Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Wollack, Edward TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: ACT-CL J0102-4915 "EL GORDO," A MASSIVE MERGING CLUSTER AT REDSHIFT 0.87 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (ACT-CL J0102-4915) ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS; INTERACTION CROSS-SECTION; LUMINOUS GALAXY CLUSTER; EXTENDED RADIO-EMISSION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; X-RAY; DARK-MATTER; PECULIAR VELOCITIES AB We present a detailed analysis from new multi-wavelength observations of the exceptional galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915, likely the most massive, hottest, most X-ray luminous and brightest Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect cluster known at redshifts greater than 0.6. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) collaboration discovered ACT-CL J0102-4915 as the most significant SZ decrement in a sky survey area of 755 deg(2). Our Very Large Telescope (VLT)/FORS2 spectra of 89 member galaxies yield a cluster redshift, z = 0.870, and velocity dispersion, sigma(gal) = 1321 +/- 106 km s(-1). Our Chandra observations reveal a hot and X-ray luminous system with an integrated temperature of T-X = 14.5 +/- 0.1 keV and 0.5-2.0 keV band luminosity of L-X = (2.19 +/- 0.11) x 10(45)h(70)(-2) erg s(-1). We obtain several statistically consistent cluster mass estimates; using empirical mass scaling relations with velocity dispersion, X-ray Y-X, and integrated SZ distortion, we estimate a cluster mass of M-200a = (2.16 +/- 0.32) x 10(15) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot. We constrain the stellar content of the cluster to be less than 1% of the total mass, using Spitzer IRAC and optical imaging. The Chandra and VLT/FORS2 optical data also reveal that ACT-CL J0102-4915 is undergoing a major merger between components with a mass ratio of approximately 2 to 1. The X-ray data show significant temperature variations from a low of 6.6 +/- 0.7 keV at the merging low-entropy, high-metallicity, cool core to a high of 22 +/- 6 keV. We also see a wake in the X-ray surface brightness and deprojected gas density caused by the passage of one cluster through the other. Archival radio data at 843 MHz reveal diffuse radio emission that, if associated with the cluster, indicates the presence of an intense double radio relic, hosted by the highest redshift cluster yet. ACT-CL J0102-4915 is possibly a high-redshift analog of the famous Bullet cluster. Such a massive cluster at this redshift is rare, although consistent with the standard.CDM cosmology in the lower part of its allowed mass range. Massive, high-redshift mergers like ACT-CL J0102-4915 are unlikely to be reproduced in the current generation of numerical N-body cosmological simulations. C1 [Menanteau, Felipe; Hughes, John P.; Baker, Andrew J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sifon, Cristobal; Gonzalez, Jorge; Infante, Leopoldo; Felipe Barrientos, L.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Bond, John R.; Hajian, Amir; Nolta, Michael R.; Sievers, Jon] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Hincks, Adam D.; Page, Lyman A.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Marsden, Danica; Reese, Erik D.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dunkley, Joanna] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Niemack, Michael D.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sehgal, Neelima] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wollack, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Menanteau, F (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352 FU U. S. National Science Foundation [AST0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768, OISE-0530095]; Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; Centro BASAL-CATA; FONDECYT [1085286] FX We are very grateful to Gustavo Yepes for detailed discussions and exploring the results of the simulations performed by the Juropa supercomputer at Juelich. We thank Ricardo Demarco for helpful discussions on the spectra of galaxies in the cluster and Larry Rudnick for suggesting we look at the SUMSS data. We acknowledge Chandra grant number GO1-12008X and Spitzer JPL-RSA# 1414522 to Rutgers University. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope (PID 70149), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This work was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation through awards AST0408698 for the ACT project and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, and PIRE-0507768 (award number OISE-0530095). The PIRE program made possible exchanges between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the US that enabled this research program. Funding was also provided by Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; theGovernment of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. This research is partially funded by "Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP" 15010003, Centro BASAL-CATA, and by FONDECYT under proyecto 1085286. M. Hilton acknowledges financial support from the Leverhulme Trust. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of Programa deAstronomia, a program of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). This work was based on observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project of the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, e Inovacao (MCTI) da Republica Federativa do Brasil, the U. S. National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University (MSU). NR 96 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 748 IS 1 AR 7 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/748/1/7 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 906LU UT WOS:000301347500007 ER PT J AU Moore, RH Raatikainen, T Langridge, JM Bahreini, R Brock, CA Holloway, JS Lack, DA Middlebrook, AM Perring, AE Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Nenes, A AF Moore, Richard H. Raatikainen, Tomi Langridge, Justin M. Bahreini, Roya Brock, Charles A. Holloway, John S. Lack, Daniel A. Middlebrook, Ann M. Perring, Anne E. Schwarz, Joshua P. Spackman, J. Ryan Nenes, Athanasios TI CCN Spectra, Hygroscopicity, and Droplet Activation Kinetics of Secondary Organic Aerosol Resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; ANALYSIS-A METHOD; ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENTS; ATMOSPHERIC NANOPARTICLES; THERMAL ACCOMMODATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GROWTH-KINETICS; PARAMETER; DISTRIBUTIONS; VOLATILITY AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) resulting from the oxidation of organic species emitted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill were sampled during two survey flights conducted by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft in June 2010. A new technique for fast measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) supersaturation spectra called Scanning Flow CCN Analysis was deployed for the first time on an airborne platform. Retrieved CCN spectra show that most particles act as CCN above (0.3 +/- 0.05)% supersaturation, which increased to (0.4 +/- 0.1)% supersaturation for the most organic-rich aerosol sampled. The aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, kappa, was inferred from both measurements of CCN activity and from humidified-particle light extinction, and varied from 0.05 to 0.10 within the emissions plumes. However, kappa values were lower than expected from chemical composition measurements, indicating a degree of external mixing or size-dependent chemistry, which was reconciled assuming bimodal, size-dependent composition. The CCN droplet effective water uptake coefficient, gamma(cond), was inferred from the data using a comprehensive instrument model, and no significant delay in droplet activation kinetics from the presence of organics was observed, despite a large fraction of hydrocarbon-like SOA present in the aerosol. C1 [Moore, Richard H.; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Raatikainen, Tomi; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Langridge, Justin M.; Bahreini, Roya; Brock, Charles A.; Holloway, John S.; Lack, Daniel A.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Spackman, J. Ryan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Langridge, Justin M.; Bahreini, Roya; Holloway, John S.; Lack, Daniel A.; Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. Ryan] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Raatikainen, Tomi/C-5410-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; FU DOE GCEP; NASA ESS; Finnish Cultural Foundation; NOAA; NSF; California component of CalNex FX R.H.M. acknowledges support from DOE GCEP and NASA ESS Graduate Research Fellowships. T.R. acknowledges support from the Finnish Cultural Foundation. A.N. and R.H.M. acknowledge support from NOAA and NSF CAREER We acknowledge K. Cerully for CCN support during the California component of CalNex, and thank T. Ryerson and J. de Gouw for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 6 BP 3093 EP 3100 DI 10.1021/es203362w PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910IK UT WOS:000301630200009 PM 22356579 ER PT J AU Fang, TW Fuller-Rowell, T Akmaev, R Wu, F Wang, HJ Anderson, D AF Fang, Tzu-Wei Fuller-Rowell, Tim Akmaev, Rashid Wu, Fei Wang, Houjun Anderson, David TI Longitudinal variation of ionospheric vertical drifts during the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The Whole Atmospheric Model (WAM) initialized with a data assimilation scheme is capable of simulating real sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. The electrodynamics in the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere and Plasmasphere with Electrodynamics model (CTIPe) was driven by the WAM thermospheric winds in January 2009 to study the response of ionospheric drifts during the SSW. Simulation results are compared with observations of the vertical drift at Jicamarca and the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) in the Asian sectors. Early morning upward drift and afternoon downward drift are reproduced in all longitudes in the simulations, and are consistent with the available observations. Results also show that the occurrence time of the early morning upward drift and afternoon downward drift have significant phase differences between different longitudes. Simulations suggest that during the SSW the longitude dependence of the amplitude and phase of the equatorial vertical plasma drift is caused by the changing magnitudes of the migrating tides modulated by the geometry of the geomagnetic field. Some additional day-to-day variability and modulation of the phase structures at different longitudes in ionospheric vertical drifts during the SSW are possibly produced by the short-term changes in the non-migrating tides and by planetary waves. C1 [Fang, Tzu-Wei; Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Wu, Fei; Wang, Houjun; Anderson, David] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Akmaev, Rashid] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fang, TW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tzu-wei.fang@noaa.gov RI Fang, Tzu-Wei/I-4882-2013 FU NASA Heliosphysics Theory; LWS FX This work was supported by the NASA Heliosphysics Theory and LWS Strategic Capability Programs. The authors wish to thank Sobhana Alex (India Institute of Geomagnetism, India) and Kusumita Arora (National Geophysical Research Institute, India) for the use of magnetometer data in Tirunelvelli and Hyderabad, India. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A03324 DI 10.1029/2011JA017348 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914GX UT WOS:000301938800001 ER PT J AU Klose, C Khaire, TS Wang, YX Pratt, WP Birge, NO McMorran, BJ Ginley, TP Borchers, JA Kirby, BJ Maranville, BB Unguris, J AF Klose, Carolin Khaire, Trupti S. Wang, Yixing Pratt, W. P., Jr. Birge, Norman O. McMorran, B. J. Ginley, T. P. Borchers, J. A. Kirby, B. J. Maranville, B. B. Unguris, J. TI Optimization of Spin-Triplet Supercurrent in Ferromagnetic Josephson Junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES AB We have observed long-range spin-triplet supercurrents in Josephson junctions containing ferromagnetic (F) materials, which are generated by noncollinear magnetizations between a central Co/Ru/Co synthetic antiferromagnet and two outer thin F layers. Here we show that the spin-triplet supercurrent is enhanced up to 20 times after our samples are subject to a large in-plane field. This occurs because the synthetic antiferromagnet undergoes a "spin-flop'' transition, whereby the two Co layer magnetizations end up nearly perpendicular to the magnetizations of the two thin F layers. We report direct experimental evidence for the spin-flop transition from scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis and from spin-polarized neutron reflectometry. These results represent a first step toward experimental control of spin-triplet supercurrents. C1 [Klose, Carolin; Khaire, Trupti S.; Wang, Yixing; Pratt, W. P., Jr.; Birge, Norman O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McMorran, B. J.; Ginley, T. P.; Borchers, J. A.; Kirby, B. J.; Maranville, B. B.; Unguris, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Klose, C (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM birge@pa.msu.edu RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; Khaire, Trupti/G-6342-2016; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016 OI McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER46341] FX We acknowledge helpful conversations with Mark Stiles and Bob McMichael. We also thank R. Loloee and B. Bi for technical assistance, and use of the W. M. Keck Microfabrication Facility. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER46341. NR 24 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 12 AR 127002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.127002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 911GI UT WOS:000301704900012 PM 22540617 ER PT J AU Michaud, F Vernay, F Manmana, SR Mila, F AF Michaud, Frederic Vernay, Francois Manmana, Salvatore R. Mila, Frederic TI Antiferromagnetic Spin-S Chains with Exactly Dimerized Ground States SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTERACTION; ISOTROPIC HEISENBERG CHAIN; ARBITRARY SPINS; LINEAR CHAIN; QUANTUM; MODEL; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION; LATTICE; S=1 AB We show that spin S Heisenberg spin chains with an additional three-body interaction of the form (Si-1 center dot S-i)(S-i center dot S-i (+) (1)) + H.c. possess fully dimerized ground states if the ratio of the three-body interaction to the bilinear one is equal to 1/[4S(S + 1) - 2]. This result generalizes the Majumdar-Ghosh point of the J(1) - J(2) chain, to which the present model reduces for S = 1/2. For S = 1, we use the density matrix renormalization group method to show that the transition between the Haldane and the dimerized phases is continuous with a central charge c = 3/2. Finally, we show that such a three-body interaction appears naturally in a strong-coupling expansion of the Hubbard model, and we discuss the consequences for the dimerization of actual antiferromagnetic chains. C1 [Michaud, Frederic; Mila, Frederic] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Vernay, Francois] Lab PROMES UPR 8521, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [Vernay, Francois] UPVD, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Michaud, F (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576 FU PIF-NSF [0904017]; SNF; MaNEP FX We acknowledge useful discussions with F. Essler, A. V. Gorshkov, K. Penc, A. M. Rey, T. Toth, and S. Wenzel. S. R. M acknowledges funding by PIF-NSF (Grant No. 0904017). This work was supported by the SNF and by MaNEP. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 12 AR 127202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.127202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 911GI UT WOS:000301704900013 PM 22540619 ER PT J AU Pajerowski, DM Yamamoto, T Einaga, Y AF Pajerowski, Daniel M. Yamamoto, Takashi Einaga, Yasuaki TI Photomagnetic K0.25Ni1-xCox[Fe(CN)(6)]center dot nH(2)O and K0.25Co[Fe(CN)(6)](0.75y)[Cr(CN)(6)](0.75(1-y))center dot nH(2)O Prussian Blue Analogue Solid Solutions SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SPIN TRANSITION; COBALT-IRON CYANIDE; CENTER-DOT NH(2)O; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PHOTOINDUCED MAGNETISM; HEXACYANOFERRATE(III) COMPOUND; X-RAY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NICKEL; COPPER AB Magnetically bistable solid solutions of Prussian blue analogues with chemical formulas of KaNi1-xCox[Fe(CN)(6)](beta)center dot nH(2)O (Ni1-xCoxFe) and K alpha Co gamma[Fe(CN)(6)](y)[Cr(CN)(6)](1-y)center dot nH(2)O (CoFeyCr1-y) have been synthesized and studied using mass spectrometry, Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent infrared spectroscopy, and dc magnetometry. These compounds provide insight into interfaces between the photomagnetic Co-Fe Prussian blue analogue and the high-T-C Ni-Cr Prussian blue analogue that exist in high-T-C photomagnetic heterostructures. This investigation shows that the bistability of Co-Fe is strongly modified by metal substitution, with Ni1-xCoxFe stabilizing high-spin cobalt-iron pairs and CoFeyCr1-y stabilizing low-spin cobalt iron pairs, while both types of substitution cause a dramatic decrease in the bistability of the material. C1 [Pajerowski, Daniel M.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Yamamoto, Takashi; Einaga, Yasuaki] Keio Univ, Dept Chem, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RP Pajerowski, DM (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel@pajerowski.com; einaga@chem.keio.ac.jp RI Einaga, Yasuaki/F-1833-2014; Yamamoto, Takashi/C-4976-2014; OI Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU MEXT, Japan [22108530]; East Asia; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas ("Coordination Programming" Area 2107, Grant No. 22108530) from MEXT, Japan, and D.M.P. acknowledges support from the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program of the National Science Foundation. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 19 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3648 EP 3655 DI 10.1021/ic202571d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 910GF UT WOS:000301624500036 PM 22397644 ER PT J AU Ahmadov, R McKeen, SA Robinson, AL Bahreini, R Middlebrook, AM de Gouw, JA Meagher, J Hsie, EY Edgerton, E Shaw, S Trainer, M AF Ahmadov, R. McKeen, S. A. Robinson, A. L. Bahreini, R. Middlebrook, A. M. de Gouw, J. A. Meagher, J. Hsie, E-Y Edgerton, E. Shaw, S. Trainer, M. TI A volatility basis set model for summertime secondary organic aerosols over the eastern United States in 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS; SOUTHEASTERN US; DRY DEPOSITION; IMPACT; QUANTIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS AB A new secondary organic aerosol (SOA) parameterization based on the volatility basis set is implemented in a regional air quality model WRF-CHEM. Full meteorological and chemistry simulations are carried out for the United States for August-September 2006. Predicted organic aerosol (OA) concentrations are compared against surface measurements made by several networks and aircraft data from the TexAQS-2006 field campaign. Elemental carbon simulations are also evaluated in order to evaluate the model's ability to capture their emissions, transport, and removal. Certain measurement limitations, such as daily averaged OA concentrations, impose some difficulties on the model evaluation, and hourly averaged OA measurements provide more informative constraints compared to daily concentrations. The updated model demonstrates a significant improvement in simulating the OA concentrations compared to the standard WRF-CHEM, which predicts very little SOA. The improvement in organic carbon (OC) predictions is noticeable in correlations and model bias. The correlations of OC exceed that of the persistence forecasts for hourly concentrations in the southeast United States during daytime. The updated traditional SOA yields still lead to an underestimation of observed OA, while addition of the multigenerational volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation drastically improves model performance. However, several key uncertainties remain in SOA formation and loss mechanisms, which are characterized through several perturbation simulations. Dry deposition of VOC oxidation products is an important factor in the atmospheric SOA budget. The combination of the biogenic VOC emissions, updated SOA yields, and aging mechanism result in biogenic SOA being the dominant OA component for much of the nonurban United States. C1 [Ahmadov, R.; McKeen, S. A.; Bahreini, R.; Middlebrook, A. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Meagher, J.; Hsie, E-Y; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ahmadov, R.; McKeen, S. A.; Bahreini, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Hsie, E-Y] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Robinson, A. L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Edgerton, E.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Shaw, S.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Ahmadov, R (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ravan.ahmadov@noaa.gov RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research FX This work is funded by the NOAA United States Weather Research Program through the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research. We are grateful to G. Grell, S. Peckham, and S. W. Kim for their support in development and running of the WRF-CHEM model. The authors also thank D. Murphy and J. Jimenez for productive discussions. The authors are grateful to the sponsors and administrators of the IMPROVE and STN networks for providing long-term aerosol composition measurements. NR 63 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D06301 DI 10.1029/2011JD016831 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910VQ UT WOS:000301671700003 ER PT J AU Hsu, PC Li, T Luo, JJ Murakami, H Kitoh, A Zhao, M AF Hsu, Pang-chi Li, Tim Luo, Jing-Jia Murakami, Hiroyuki Kitoh, Akio Zhao, Ming TI Increase of global monsoon area and precipitation under global warming: A robust signal? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS AB Monsoons, the most energetic tropical climate system, exert a great social and economic impact upon billions of people around the world. The global monsoon precipitation had an increasing trend over the past three decades. Whether or not this increasing trend will continue in the 21st century is investigated, based on simulations of three high-resolution atmospheric general circulation models that were forced by different future sea surface temperature (SST) warming patterns. The results show that the global monsoon area, precipitation and intensity all increase consistently among the model projections. This indicates that the strengthened global monsoon is a robust signal across the models and SST patterns explored here. The increase of the global monsoon precipitation is attributed to the increases of moisture convergence and surface evaporation. The former is caused by the increase of atmospheric water vapor and the latter is due to the increase of SST. The effect of the moisture and evaporation increase is offset to a certain extent by the weakening of the monsoon circulation. Citation: Hsu, P., T. Li, J.-J. Luo, H. Murakami, A. Kitoh, and M. Zhao (2012), Increase of global monsoon area and precipitation under global warming: A robust signal?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06701, doi:10.1029/2012GL051037. C1 [Hsu, Pang-chi; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Luo, Jing-Jia] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3008, Australia. [Murakami, Hiroyuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Kitoh, Akio] Meteorol Res Inst, Climate Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Hsu, PC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM pangchi@hawaii.edu; timli@hawaii.edu; j.luo@bom.gov.au; himuraka@mri-jma.go.jp; kitoh@mri-jma.go.jp; ming.zhao@noaa.gov RI Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; FU NSF [AGS-1106536]; ONR [N000140810256, N000141010774]; International Pacific Research Center; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NASA; NOAA; SOEST [8568]; IPRC [860] FX Comments from Dr. Chia Chou and an anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated. This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1106536, ONR grants N000140810256 and N000141010774, and by the International Pacific Research Center that is sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NASA and NOAA. This is SOEST contribution number 8568 and IPRC contribution number 860. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L06701 DI 10.1029/2012GL051037 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 910UI UT WOS:000301668100002 ER PT J AU Duque, JG Telg, H Chen, H Swan, AK Shreve, AP Tu, XM Zheng, M Doorn, SK AF Duque, Juan G. Telg, Hagen Chen, Hang Swan, Anna K. Shreve, Andrew P. Tu, Xiaomin Zheng, Ming Doorn, Stephen K. TI Quantum Interference between the Third and Fourth Exciton States in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; INTENSITY; PHONONS AB We exploit an energy level crossover effect [Haroz et al., Phys. Rev. B 77, 125405 (2008)] to probe quantum interference in the resonance Raman response from carbon nanotube samples highly enriched in the single semiconducting chiralities of (8,6), (9,4), and (10,5). UV Raman excitation profiles of G-band spectra reveal unambiguous signatures of interference between the third and fourth excitonic states (E-33 and E-44). Both constructive and destructive responses are observed and lead to anomalous intensity ratios in the LO and TO modes. Especially large anomalies for the (10,5) structure result from nearly identical energies found for the two E-ii transitions. The interference patterns demonstrate that the sign of the exciton-phonon coupling matrix elements changes for the LO mode between the two electronic states, and remains the same for the TO mode. Significant non-Condon contributions to the Raman response are also found. C1 [Duque, Juan G.; Telg, Hagen; Shreve, Andrew P.; Doorn, Stephen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Duque, Juan G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Chem & Appl Spect Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Hang; Swan, Anna K.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Chen, Hang; Swan, Anna K.] Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Shreve, Andrew P.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Biomed Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Shreve, Andrew P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Doorn, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skdoorn@lanl.gov RI Telg, Hagen/O-3348-2013 OI Telg, Hagen/0000-0002-4911-2703 FU LANL-LDRD program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF [DMR-0706574, CMS-060950] FX J. G. D., H. T., and S. K. D. acknowledge partial support from the LANL-LDRD program. A. P. S. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. A. K. S. acknowledges NSF Grant No. DMR-0706574. X. T. and M. Z. acknowledge NSF Grant No. CMS-060950. This work was performed in part at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 11 AR 117404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.117404 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 909NK UT WOS:000301571200017 PM 22540509 ER PT J AU Thorbeck, T Zimmerman, NM AF Thorbeck, Ted Zimmerman, Neil M. TI Determining the location and cause of unintentional quantum dots in a nanowire SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRON; SILICON AB We determine the locations of unintentional quantum dots (U-QDs) in a silicon nanowire with a precision of a few nanometers by comparing the capacitances to multiple gates with a capacitance simulation. Given that we observe U-QDs in the same location of the wire in multiple devices, their cause is likely to be an unintended consequence of the fabrication, rather than of random atomic-scale defects as is typically assumed. The locations of the U-QDs appear to be consistent with conduction band modulation from strain from the oxide and the gates. This allows us to suggest methods to reduce the frequency of U-QDs. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3692387] C1 [Thorbeck, Ted] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Thorbeck, Ted] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Thorbeck, Ted; Zimmerman, Neil M.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thorbeck, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tedt@nist.gov FU Laboratory for Physical Sciences [EAO93195] FX We gratefully acknowledge the fabrication efforts of Akira Fujiwara, Yukinori Ono, Hiroshi Inokawa, and Yasuo Takahashi. We would also like to acknowledge helpful conversations with Michael Stewart, Josh Pomeroy, Panu Koppinen, Russell Lake, and Curt Richter. This research was supported by the Laboratory for Physical Sciences (EAO93195). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 6 AR 064309 DI 10.1063/1.3692387 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 918AR UT WOS:000302221700113 ER PT J AU Stan, G DelRio, FW MacCuspie, RI Cook, RF AF Stan, Gheorghe DelRio, Frank W. MacCuspie, Robert I. Cook, Robert F. TI Nanomechanical Properties of Polyethylene Glycol Brushes on Gold Substrates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; LIGAND-EXCHANGE; GRAFTED LAYERS; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS AB A necessary step in advancing the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coatings in critical biotechnological applications such as cancer treatments is to provide direct and reliable nanoscale property characterization. Measurements for such characterization are currently provided by scanning probe methods, which are capable of assessing heterogeneity of both surface coverage and properties with nanoscale spatial resolution. In particular, atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to detect and quantify the heterogeneity of surface coverage, whereas atomic force spectroscopy can, be used to determine mechanical properties, thereby revealing possible heterogeneity of properties within coatings. In this work, AFM and force spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and mechanical properties of thiol-functionalized PEG surface coatings on flat gold substrates in aqueous PEG solution. Thiol-functionalized PEG offers a direct and simple method of attachment to gold substrates without intermediate anchoring layers and therefore can be exploited in developing PEG-functionalized gold nanoparticles. AFM was used to investigate the morphology of the PEG coatings as a function of molecular weight; the commonly observed coverage was in the form of sparse, brushlike islands. Similarly, force spectroscopy was utilized to study the mechanical properties of the PEG coatings in compression and tension as a function of molecular weight. A constitutive description of the mechanical properties of PEG brushes was achieved through a combinatorial analysis of the statistical responses acquired in both compression and tension tests. Such a statistical characterization provides a straightforward procedure to assess the nanoscale heterogeneity in the morphology and properties of PEG coverage. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe; DelRio, Frank W.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 10 BP 3138 EP 3147 DI 10.1021/jp211256f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 908SC UT WOS:000301509500011 PM 22335557 ER PT J AU Pond, MA Zangmeister, RA AF Pond, Monique A. Zangmeister, Rebecca A. TI Carbohydrate-functionalized surfactant vesicles for controlling the density of glycan arrays SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Lectin; Glycan density; Array; Vesicles; Carbohydrate; Nitrocellulose slide ID PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; CATANIONIC VESICLES; BINDING-PROTEINS; BIOTIN-BINDING; MICROARRAYS; MIXTURES; AVIDIN; SEPARATION; INTERFACE; SUGARS AB We report on the development of a method for rapidly characterizing the glycan binding properties of lectins. Catanionic surfactant vesicles, prepared from cationic and anionic surfactants, spontaneously formed in water and remained stable at room temperature for months. By varying the amount of glycoconjugate added during preparation, glycans were incorporated onto the outer surface of the vesicles in a controlled range of densities. The carbohydrate-functionalized vesicles were applied to commercially available, nitrocellulose-coated slides to generate glycan arrays. As proof of concept, the binding of two lectins, concanavalin A and peanut agglutinin, to the arrays was quantified using a biotin-avidin fluorescence sandwich assay. This facile method of preparing a glycan array by using vesicles to control the glycan density can be expanded to provide a platform for characterizing unknown lectins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pond, Monique A.; Zangmeister, Rebecca A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zangmeister, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM monique.pond@nist.gov; rebecca.zangmeister@nist.gov RI Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 FU National Research Council FX We thank Professor Philip DeShong (University of Maryland) for fruitful discussions and his student Lenea Stocker for her assistance with vesicle preparations. We thank Jiemin Wu for performing some characterization experiments of the C12OMalt-functionalized vesicles. M.A.P. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship through the National Research Council. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 91 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.036 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 912PK UT WOS:000301811900021 PM 22365692 ER PT J AU Nghiem, SV Rigor, IG Richter, A Burrows, JP Shepson, PB Bottenheim, J Barber, DG Steffen, A Latonas, J Wang, FY Stern, G Clemente-Colon, P Martin, S Hall, DK Kaleschke, L Tackett, P Neumann, G Asplin, MG AF Nghiem, Son V. Rigor, Ignatius G. Richter, Andreas Burrows, John P. Shepson, Paul B. Bottenheim, Jan Barber, David G. Steffen, Alexandra Latonas, Jeff Wang, Feiyue Stern, Gary Clemente-Colon, Pablo Martin, Seelye Hall, Dorothy K. Kaleschke, Lars Tackett, Philip Neumann, Gregory Asplin, Matthew G. TI Field and satellite observations of the formation and distribution of Arctic atmospheric bromine above a rejuvenated sea ice cover SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPLETION EVENTS; FROST FLOWER GROWTH; POLAR SUNRISE; POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES; TROPOSPHERIC BRO; SURFACE; MERCURY; SNOW; LEADS; CHEMISTRY AB Recent drastic reduction of the older perennial sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has resulted in a vast expansion of younger and saltier seasonal sea ice. This increase in the salinity of the overall ice cover could impact tropospheric chemical processes. Springtime perennial ice extent in 2008 and 2009 broke the half-century record minimum in 2007 by about one million km(2). In both years seasonal ice was dominant across the Beaufort Sea extending to the Amundsen Gulf, where significant field and satellite observations of sea ice, temperature, and atmospheric chemicals have been made. Measurements at the site of the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen ice breaker in the Amundsen Gulf showed events of increased bromine monoxide (BrO), coupled with decreases of ozone (O-3) and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), during cold periods in March 2008. The timing of the main event of BrO, O-3, and GEM changes was found to be consistent with BrO observed by satellites over an extensive area around the site. Furthermore, satellite sensors detected a doubling of atmospheric BrO in a vortex associated with a spiral rising air pattern. In spring 2009, excessive and widespread bromine explosions occurred in the same region while the regional air temperature was low and the extent of perennial ice was significantly reduced compared to the case in 2008. Using satellite observations together with a Rising-Air-Parcel model, we discover a topographic control on BrO distribution such that the Alaskan North Slope and the Canadian Shield region were exposed to elevated BrO, whereas the surrounding mountains isolated the Alaskan interior from bromine intrusion. C1 [Nghiem, Son V.; Neumann, Gregory] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rigor, Ignatius G.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Richter, Andreas; Burrows, John P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Burrows, John P.] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Biogeochem Programme, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Shepson, Paul B.; Tackett, Philip] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.; Tackett, Philip] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.; Tackett, Philip] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bottenheim, Jan; Steffen, Alexandra] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Barber, David G.; Latonas, Jeff; Wang, Feiyue; Stern, Gary; Asplin, Matthew G.] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Fac Environm Earth & Resources, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Latonas, Jeff] Clearstone Engn, Calgary, AB T2P 3K2, Canada. [Wang, Feiyue] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geog & Environm, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Wang, Feiyue] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Stern, Gary] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Clemente-Colon, Pablo] NSOF, US Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC 20395 USA. [Clemente-Colon, Pablo] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Martin, Seelye] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hall, Dorothy K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kaleschke, Lars] Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Tackett, Philip] FLIR Mass Spectrometry, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 300-235,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM son.v.nghiem@jpl.nasa.gov RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Wang, Feiyue/E-4147-2012; Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; OI Wang, Feiyue/0000-0001-5297-0859; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Kaleschke, Lars/0000-0001-7086-3299 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); German Aerospace; European Union; State of Bremen; Canadian Federal Program Office; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Environment Canada FX The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and the Goddard Space Flight Center was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cryospheric Sciences Program. Rigor is funded by NOAA, NASA, NSF, and ONR. The research carried out by the University of Bremen team was supported in part by the German Aerospace, the European Union, and the State of Bremen. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or any other U.S. government position, policy, or decision. The CFL system study was funded by the Canadian Federal Program Office for the IPY and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. The University of Manitoba was the lead agency in the international multiagency CFL project. The OASIS-Canada program was funded by the Canadian Federal Program Office for the IPY and by Environment Canada. Thanks to Alex Hare of the University of Manitoba for the photograph of frost flowers in Figure 2. NR 84 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00S05 DI 10.1029/2011JD016268 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910VN UT WOS:000301671400001 ER PT J AU Branstator, G Teng, HY Meehl, GA Kimoto, M Knight, JR Latif, M Rosati, A AF Branstator, Grant Teng, Haiyan Meehl, Gerald A. Kimoto, Masahide Knight, Jeff R. Latif, Mojib Rosati, A. TI Systematic Estimates of Initial-Value Decadal Predictability for Six AOGCMs SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PART I; TIME SCALES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ENSEMBLE; LONG; SIMULATION; PREDICTION AB Initial-value predictability measures the degree to which the initial state can influence predictions. In this paper, the initial-value predictability of six atmosphere ocean general circulation models in the North Pacific and North Atlantic is quantified and contrasted by analyzing long control integrations with time invariant external conditions. Through the application of analog and multivariate linear regression methodologies, average predictability properties are estimated for forecasts initiated from every state on the control trajectories. For basinwide measures of predictability, the influence of the initial state tends to last for roughly a decade in both basins, but this limit varies widely among the models, especially in the North Atlantic. Within each basin, predictability varies regionally by as much as a factor of I() for a given model, and the locations of highest predictability are different for each model. Model-to-model variations in predictability are also seen in the behavior of prominent intrinsic basin modes. Predictability is primarily determined by the mean of forecast distributions rather than the spread about the mean. Horizontal propagation plays a large role in the evolution of these signals and is therefore a key factor in differentiating the predictability of the various models. C1 [Branstator, Grant; Teng, Haiyan; Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kimoto, Masahide] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Knight, Jeff R.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Latif, Mojib] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Kiel, Germany. [Rosati, A.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Branstator, G (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM branst@ucar.edu RI kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Latif, Mojib/C-2428-2016 OI Latif, Mojib/0000-0003-1079-5604 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; DOE [DE-SC0005355]; National Science Foundation; Innovative Program of Climate Change Prediction for the 21st Century; DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101]; European Union [212643] FX The authors are grateful to Drs. Wonsun Park and Arai Miki for providing the model data. They also appreciate Tim Del Sole for pointing out to them the relationship expressed in (2) as well as the helpful comments that he made on an earlier version of this paper. Portions of this study were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-97ER62402 and DOE Grant DE-SC0005355 and by the National Science Foundation. MK was supported by the Innovative Program of Climate Change Prediction for the 21st Century, conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese government. JRK was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). The research leading to the results with the Kiel Climate Model has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant 212643. NR 41 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1827 EP 1846 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00227.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910EP UT WOS:000301620300003 ER PT J AU Jones, C Carvalho, LMV Liebmann, B AF Jones, Charles Carvalho, Leila M. V. Liebmann, Brant TI Forecast Skill of the South American Monsoon System SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY AB The South American monsoon system (SAMS) is the most important climatic feature in South America and is characterized by pronounced seasonality in precipitation. This study uses the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System, reforecasts version 2 (CFSRv2), to investigate the skill of probabilistic forecasts of onset and demise dates, duration, and amplitude of SAMS during 1982-2009. A simple index based on the empirical orthogonal function of precipitation anomalies is employed to characterize onsets, demises, durations, and amplitudes of SAMS. The CFSv2 model has useful skill to forecast seasonal changes in SAMS. Probabilistic forecasts of onset and demise dates have 16.5% and 43.3% improvements, respectively, over climatological forecasts. Verification of hindcasts of durations and amplitudes of SAMS shows relatively small biases and root-mean-square errors. C1 [Jones, Charles; Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Liebmann, Brant] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cjones@eri.ucsb.edu RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012; Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office [NA07OAR4310211, NA10OAR4310170] FX The authors thank the support of NOAA's Climate Program Office (Grants NA07OAR4310211 and NA10OAR4310170). The authors greatly acknowledge the support from NCEP, CPC, the Climate Test Bed, and NCDC for making the datasets available. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1883 EP 1889 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00586.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910EP UT WOS:000301620300007 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Eischeid, J Perlwitz, J Quan, XW Zhang, T Pegion, P AF Hoerling, Martin Eischeid, Jon Perlwitz, Judith Quan, Xiaowei Zhang, Tao Pegion, Philip TI On the Increased Frequency of Mediterranean Drought SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; 20TH-CENTURY; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; OCEAN; SIMULATIONS AB The land area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea has experienced 10 of the 12 driest winters since 1902 in just the last 20 years. A change in wintertime Mediterranean precipitation toward drier conditions has likely occurred over 1902-2010 whose magnitude cannot be reconciled with internal variability alone. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing are key attributable factors for this increased drying, though the external signal explains only half of the drying magnitude. Furthermore, sea surface temperature (SST) forcing during 1902-2010 likely played an important role in the observed Mediterranean drying, and the externally forced drying signal likely also occurs through an SST change signal. The observed wintertime Mediterranean drying over the last century can be understood in a simple framework of the region's sensitivity to a uniform global ocean warming and to modest changes in the ocean's zonal and meridional SST gradients. Climate models subjected to a uniform +0.5 degrees C warming of the world oceans induce eastern Mediterranean drying but fail to generate the observed widespread Mediterranean drying pattern. For a +0.5 degrees C SST warming confined to tropical latitudes only, a dry signal spanning the entire Mediterranean region occurs. The simulated Mediterranean drying intensifies further when the Indian Ocean is warmed +0.5 degrees C more than the remaining tropical oceans, an enhanced drying signal attributable to a distinctive atmospheric circulation response resembling the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The extent to which these mechanisms and the region's overall drying since 1902 reflect similar mechanisms operating in association with external radiative forcing are discussed. C1 [Hoerling, Martin; Eischeid, Jon; Perlwitz, Judith; Quan, Xiaowei; Zhang, Tao; Pegion, Philip] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; FU NOAA Office of Global Programs FX The authors thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the content of this paper. We gratefully acknowledge the LaMont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University for access to the CCM3 AMIP ensemble, NOAA's GFDL for access to the AM2.1 AMIP ensemble, and NASA's GMAO Goddard Space Flight Center for access to the NASA AMIP ensemble. We also acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. This study is supported in part by funds from the NOAA Office of Global Programs Climate Variability Program. NR 47 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 6 BP 2146 EP 2161 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00296.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910EP UT WOS:000301620300021 ER PT J AU Schwartz, SE Charlson, RJ Kahn, RA Ogren, JA Rodhe, H AF Schwartz, Stephen E. Charlson, Robert J. Kahn, Ralph A. Ogren, John A. Rodhe, Henning TI Reply to "Comments on 'Why Hasn't Earth Warmed as Much as Expected?'" SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; EMISSIONS C1 [Schwartz, Stephen E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Charlson, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kahn, Ralph A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ogren, John A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Rodhe, Henning] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Schwartz, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ses@bnl.gov RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 6 BP 2200 EP 2204 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4161.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910EP UT WOS:000301620300025 ER PT J AU Barsan, MM Butler, IS Gilson, DFR Moyer, RO Zhou, W Wu, H Udovic, TJ AF Barsan, Mirela M. Butler, Ian S. Gilson, Denis F. R. Moyer, Ralph O., Jr. Zhou, Wei Wu, Hui Udovic, Terrence J. TI Raman, FTIR, Photoacoustic-Infrared, and Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectra of Ternary Metal Hydride Salts A(2)MH(5), (A = Ca, Sr, Eu; M = Ir, Rh) and Their Deuterides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION; ALKALINE-EARTH; DIFFRACTION; RUTHENIUM; IRIDIUM; HEXAHYDRIDORUTHENATE(II); STRONTIUM; MG2FEH6; CALCIUM; MG2COH5 AB The vibrational spectra of the ternary metal hydride (deuteride) salts, A(2)MH(5) and A(2)MD(5), where A = calcium, strontium and europium and M = iridium(I) and rhodium(I), have been assigned using Raman, Fourier transform infrared, photoacoustic infrared, and inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The wavenumbers of the infrared-active stretching vibrations depend upon the ionization energies of the central metal atom and the cation. The phase transition in calcium pentahydridoiridate(I) was studied as a function of temperature and pressure. C1 [Barsan, Mirela M.; Butler, Ian S.; Gilson, Denis F. R.] McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Moyer, Ralph O., Jr.] Trinity Coll, Dept Chem, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui; Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gilson, DFR (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Chem, 801 Sherbrooke St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [228253]; DOE (EERE) [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-EE0002978]; Trinity College FX This work was supported by operating and equipment grants from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery grant #228253) and DOE (EERE grants #DE-AI-01-05EE11104 and #DE-EE0002978). R.O.M. acknowledges support from Trinity College Scovill Chair Research Fund. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 10 BP 2490 EP 2496 DI 10.1021/jp212194z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 908SB UT WOS:000301509400012 PM 22356283 ER PT J AU Xin, QC Woodcock, CE Liu, JC Tan, B Melloh, RA Davis, RE AF Xin, Qinchuan Woodcock, Curtis E. Liu, Jicheng Tan, Bin Melloh, Rae A. Davis, Robert E. TI View angle effects on MODIS snow mapping in forests SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; MODIS; Snow cover; View angle effect ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAP FRACTIONS; COVER; MODEL; RESOLUTION; CANOPIES; ALBEDO; VALIDATION AB Binary snow maps and fractional snow cover data are provided routinely from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). This paper investigates how the wide observation angles of MODIS influence the current snow mapping algorithm in forested areas. Theoretical modeling results indicate that large view zenith angles (VZA) can lead to underestimation of fractional snow cover (FSC) by reducing the amount of the ground surface that is viewable through forest canopies, and by increasing uncertainties during the gridding of MODIS data. At the end of the MODIS scan line, the total modeled error can be as much as 50% for FSC. Empirical analysis of MODIS/Terra snow products in four forest sites shows high fluctuation in FSC estimates on consecutive days. In addition, the normalized difference snow index (NDSI) values, which are the primary input to the MODIS snow mapping algorithms, decrease as VZA increases at the site level. At the pixel level. NDSI values have higher variances, and are correlated with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in snow covered forests. These findings are consistent with our modeled results, and imply that consideration of view angle effects could improve MODIS snow monitoring in forested areas. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xin, Qinchuan; Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Liu, Jicheng] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Tan, Bin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Melloh, Rae A.; Davis, Robert E.] Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Xin, QC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave,Room 334, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM xqcchina@gmail.com RI Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012; Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009; Xin, Qinchuan/O-3276-2014 OI Xin, Qinchuan/0000-0003-1146-4874 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 118 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.029 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 895SW UT WOS:000300517700005 ER PT J AU Pai, SS Heinrich, F Canady, AL Przybycien, TM Tilton, RD AF Pai, Sheetal S. Heinrich, Frank Canady, Adam L. Przybycien, Todd M. Tilton, Robert D. TI Coverage-dependent morphology of PEGylated lysozyme layers adsorbed on silica SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Poly(ethylene glycol); Lysozyme; PEGylation; Neutron reflectivity; Protein adsorption; Polymer conformation; Silica ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) ADSORPTION; REFLECTION AB Neutron reflection was used to characterize the adsorbed layer structure for lysozyme conjugated at the N-terminus with a single perdeuterated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain at the silica/water interface. Adsorbed layers were produced with two different surface concentrations corresponding to opposite sides of a pronounced transition in the adsorption isotherm for mono-PEGylated lysozyme. The transition was previously ascribed, on the basis of less direct characterization by normal force measurements, to a change in the distribution of the conjugated PEG chain segments in the interfacial region in response to lateral repulsions (S.M. Daly, T.M. Przybycien, R.D. Tilton, Langmuir 21 (2005) 1328-1337). Neutron reflectivity was measured for both surface concentrations using three different sets of neutron scattering length density contrast conditions, and models for the distribution of PEG and lysozyme content in the layers were obtained by simultaneous regression of all contrast condition data sets. This analysis indicated that the surface proximal volume is occupied almost equally by PEG and lysozyme at the low surface concentration, while at the higher surface concentration PEG is preferentially shifted away from the surface, with all lysozyme remaining in the surface proximal region. The distal regions of the high surface concentration layer contain only PEG, consistent with the previous interpretation of normal force measurements. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pai, Sheetal S.; Canady, Adam L.; Przybycien, Todd M.; Tilton, Robert D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Pai, Sheetal S.; Canady, Adam L.; Przybycien, Todd M.; Tilton, Robert D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Complex Fluids Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Przybycien, Todd M.; Tilton, Robert D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Przybycien, TM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM todd@andrew.cmu.edu; tilton@andrew.cmu.edu RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Tilton, Robert/A-8267-2009; OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Tilton, Robert/0000-0002-6535-9415 FU National Science Foundation [CBET 0755284, DMR-0454672]; ORNL by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy through the CNMS [CNMS2009-212] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CBET 0755284. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software, etc.) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The authors acknowledge Dr. Kunlun Hong at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for synthesis of the deuterated mPEG-PA. The synthesis was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is sponsored at ORNL by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy through the CNMS user program (user Proposal Number: CNMS2009-212). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 370 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.12.065 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 894XD UT WOS:000300459900024 PM 22265232 ER PT J AU Oleson, TA Sahai, N Wesolowski, DJ Dura, JA Majkrzak, CF Giuffre, AJ AF Oleson, Timothy A. Sahai, Nita Wesolowski, David J. Dura, Joseph A. Majkrzak, Charles F. Giuffre, Anthony J. TI Neutron reflectivity study of substrate surface chemistry effects on supported phospholipid bilayer formation on (11(2)over-bar0) sapphire SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Supported phospholipid bilayer; Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; Oxide; Alumina; Adsorption; Surface coverage ID LIPID-BILAYERS; OXIDE SURFACES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; INTERFACES; ADSORPTION; VESICLES; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; REFLECTOMETRY; MEMBRANES; ADHESION AB Oxide-supported phospholipid bilayers (SPBs) used as biomimetic membranes are significant for a broad range of applications including improvement of biomedical devices and biosensors, and in understanding biomineralization processes and the possible role of mineral surfaces in the evolution of pre-biotic membranes. Continuous-coverage and/or stacked SPBs retain properties (e.g., fluidity) more similar to native biological membranes, which is desirable for most applications. Using neutron reflectivity, we examined the role of oxide surface charge (by varying pH and ionic strength) and of divalent Ca2+ in controlling surface coverage and potential stacking of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers on the (11 (2) over bar0) face of sapphire (alpha-Al2O3). Nearly full bilayers were formed at low to neutral pH, when the sapphire surface is positively charged, and at low ionic strength (I = 15 mM NaCl). Coverage decreased at higher pH, close to the isoelectric point of sapphire, and also at high I >= 210 mM, or with addition of 2 mM Ca2+. The latter two effects are not additive, suggesting that Ca2+ mitigates the effect of higher I. These trends agree with previous results for phospholipid adsorption on alpha-Al2O3 particles determined by adsorption isotherms and on single-crystal (10 (1) over bar0) sapphire by atomic force microscopy, suggesting consistency of oxide surface chemistry-dependent effects across experimental techniques. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Oleson, Timothy A.; Giuffre, Anthony J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sahai, Nita] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Sahai, Nita] Univ Akron, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wesolowski, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dura, Joseph A.; Majkrzak, Charles F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oleson, TA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM taoleson@wisc.edu; sahai@uakron.edu; wesolowskid@ornl.gov; dura@nist.gov; charles.majkrzak@nist.gov; giuffre@vt.edu RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Giuffre, Anthony/D-4192-2016 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Giuffre, Anthony/0000-0001-9269-7922 FU NSF [EAR 0346889]; American Chemical Society [41777-AC2]; NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI); Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF); Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison; American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG); Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy FX The authors thank Gernot Rother (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN), Hirsh Nanda (NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD), and Frank Heinrich (NIST CNR) for helpful discussion during and after execution of our reflectivity experiments. We also thank Dave Cole (ORNL) and Larry Anovitz (ORNL) for help with preliminary planning of this work. We are grateful to the NIST Center for Neutron Research for allotted instrument time and for use of laboratory space for preparation of the experiments. This work was supported by the following Grants to N.S.: NSF Career Award (EAR 0346889), American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (41777-AC2), NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), and a Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) award. T.A.O. was supported by the Van Hise Graduate Fellowship through the Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, and a Graduate Grant-in-Aid of Research from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG). D.J.W.'s effort was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy. T.A.O. and A.G. are grateful for assistance with travel expenses provided by the University of Maryland (College Park, MD) in cooperation with NIST CNR. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2012 VL 370 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.12.031 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 894XD UT WOS:000300459900027 PM 22244865 ER PT J AU Faraone, A Hong, KL Kneller, LR Ohl, M Copley, JRD AF Faraone, Antonio Hong, Kunlun Kneller, Larry R. Ohl, Michael Copley, John R. D. TI Coherent dynamics of meta-toluidine investigated by quasielastic neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID M-TOLUIDINE; ALPHA-RELAXATION PROCESS; SPIN-ECHO SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; FRAGILITY; NIST AB The coherent dynamics of a typical fragile glass former, meta-toluidine, was investigated at the molecular level using quasielastic neutron scattering, with time-of-flight and neutron spin echo spectrometers. It is well known that the static structure factor of meta-toluidine shows a prepeak originating from clustering of the molecules through hydrogen bonding between the amine groups. The dynamics of meta-toluidine was measured for several values of the wavevector transfer Q, which is equivalent to an inverse length scale, in a range encompassing the prepeak and the structure factor peak. Data were collected in the temperature range corresponding to the liquid and supercooled states, down to the glass transition. At least two dynamical processes were identified. This paper focuses on the slowest relaxation process in the system, the a-relaxation, which was found to scale with the macroscopic shear viscosity at all the investigated Q values. No evidence of "de Gennes" narrowing associated with the prepeak was observed, in contrast with what happens at the Q value corresponding to the interparticle distance. Moreover, using partially deuterated samples, the dynamics of the clusters was found to be correlated to the single-particle dynamics of the meta-toluidine molecules. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3691185] C1 [Faraone, Antonio; Kneller, Larry R.; Copley, John R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio; Kneller, Larry R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ohl, Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Faraone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM afaraone@nist.gov RI Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory by Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank Michihiro Nagao and Madhusudan Tyagi for helpful discussions. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. This research was partially conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 10 AR 104502 DI 10.1063/1.3691185 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 910TF UT WOS:000301664600023 PM 22423843 ER PT J AU Weinrich, M Nanda, H Worcester, DL Majkrzak, CF Maranville, BB Bezrukov, SM AF Weinrich, Michael Nanda, Hirsh Worcester, David L. Majkrzak, Charles F. Maranville, Brian B. Bezrukov, Sergey M. TI Halothane Changes the Domain Structure of a Binary Lipid Membrane SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GENERAL-ANESTHESIA; GRAMICIDIN CHANNELS; MODEL MEMBRANE; PACKING STRESS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; HIGH-PRESSURE; BILAYERS; MIXTURES; ANGLE AB X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of a binary lipid membrane demonstrate that halothane at physiological concentrations produces a pronounced redistribution of lipids between domains of different lipid types identified by different lamellar d-spacings and isotope composition. In contrast, dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), a halogenated nonanesthetic, does not produce such significant effects. These findings demonstrate a specific effect of inhalational anesthetics on mixing phase equilibria of a lipid mixture. C1 [Weinrich, Michael] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Inst Child Hlth & Human De, Natl Ctr Med Rehabil Res, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bezrukov, Sergey M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Inst Child Hlth & Human De, Sect Mol Transport, Program Phys Biol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Nanda, Hirsh; Worcester, David L.; Majkrzak, Charles F.; Maranville, Brian B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Worcester, David L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Worcester, David L.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol, Columbia, MO USA. RP Weinrich, M (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Inst Child Hlth & Human De, Natl Ctr Med Rehabil Res, Bethesda, MD USA. EM Mw287k@nih.gov FU NIH; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; U.S. National Institute of Health [GM86685] FX We thank Jens Lundbaek and Horia Petrache for fruitful discussions, and David Sandstrom for the generous use of his gas chromatograph. This study was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. D.W. was supported by U.S. National Institute of Health Grant GM86685 (to Stephen H. White). The Center for Neutron Research provided facilities for neutron and X-ray diffraction. We thank Taner Yildirim and Jason Simmons for assistance with X-ray measurements. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply any endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 10 BP 4723 EP 4728 DI 10.1021/la204317k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 907DD UT WOS:000301397100016 PM 22352350 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Key, JR Liu, ZY Wang, XJ Vavrus, SJ AF Liu, Yinghui Key, Jeffrey R. Liu, Zhengyu Wang, Xuanji Vavrus, Stephen J. TI A cloudier Arctic expected with diminishing sea ice SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION-CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PART I; SURFACE; COVER; MODIS; TRENDS; OCEAN AB Arctic sea ice cover has decreased dramatically over the last three decades. Global climate models under-predicted this decline, most likely a result of the misrepresentation of one or more processes that influence sea ice. The cloud feedback is the primary source of uncertainty in model simulations, especially in the polar regions. A better understanding of the interaction between sea ice and clouds, and specifically the impact of decreased sea ice on cloud cover, will provide valuable insight into the Arctic climate system and may ultimately help in improving climate model parameterizations. In this study, an equilibrium feedback assessment is employed to quantify the relationship between changes in sea ice and clouds, using satellite-derived sea ice concentration and cloud cover over the period 2000-2010. Results show that a 1% decrease in sea ice concentration leads to a 0.36-0.47% increase in cloud cover, suggesting that a further decline in sea ice cover will result in an even cloudier Arctic. Citation: Liu, Y., J. R. Key, Z. Liu, and X. Wang, and S. J. Vavrus (2012), A cloudier Arctic expected with diminishing sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05705, doi:10.1029/2012GL051251. C1 [Liu, Yinghui; Wang, Xuanji] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu; Vavrus, Stephen J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Liu, YH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yinghuil@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU NOAA; National Science Foundation [ARC-1023371, ARC-0628910] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Data Records program, National Science Foundation grant ARC-1023371, and National Science Foundation grant ARC-0628910. We thank NASA for supplying the MODIS data and NSIDC for supplying the sea ice concentration data. Yafang Zhong and Shu Wu are thanked for helpful discussions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L05705 DI 10.1029/2012GL051251 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 910UA UT WOS:000301667100006 ER PT J AU Zwolinski, JP Demer, DA AF Zwolinski, Juan P. Demer, David A. TI A cold oceanographic regime with high exploitation rates in the Northeast Pacific forecasts a collapse of the sardine stock SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Pacific Decadal Oscillation; upwelling system; pelagic community; management ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; PELAGIC FISH; ANCHOVY POPULATIONS; SAGAX; FISHERIES; ABUNDANCE; TRENDS; OCEAN; FLUCTUATIONS; VARIABILITY AB The oceanographic conditions in the north Pacific have shifted to a colder period, Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) biomass has declined precipitously in the California Current, the international sardine fishery is collapsing, and mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus and Scomber japonicus) are thriving. This situation occurred in the mid-1900s, but indices of current oceanographic conditions and the results of our acoustic-trawl surveys indicate it likely is recurring now, perhaps with similar socioeconomic and ecological consequences. Also alarming is the repetition of the fishery's response to a declining sardine stock-progressively higher exploitation rates targeting the oldest, largest, and most fecund fish. Furthermore, our data indicate the recent reproductive condition of sardine is poor, and their productivity is below modeled estimates used to derive the current fishery-exploitation rates. Consequently, the sardine population has been reduced to two cohorts that are unlikely to produce an appreciable new cohort. Thus, a near-term recovery of this important stock is unlikely, depending on the return of warmer oceanographic conditions, reduced pressure from mackerel species, and perhaps the adoption of a more precautionary strategy for managing the residual sardine population. C1 [Zwolinski, Juan P.] Ocean Associates, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Demer, David A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Zwolinski, JP (reprint author), Ocean Associates, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. EM Juan.Zwolinski@noaa.gov FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BPD/44834/2008]; Fisheries Resource Division FX We thank the staff from the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and State Agencies that collected, processed, and archived data from the daily egg production method, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, and market sampling surveys. We thank Kevin Hill of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) for providing the assessment-derived estimates of sardine abundance and recruitment. We thank Russ Davis of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography for his very helpful suggestions for improving the organization and style of this paper, particularly regarding the use of first person to highlight the critical contributions of our acoustic-trawl survey results to this investigation. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. J.P.Z.'s postdoctoral internship with D.A.D. at the SWFSC was partially funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BPD/44834/2008) and by the Fisheries Resource Division (Russ Vetter, Director). NR 45 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 11 BP 4175 EP 4180 DI 10.1073/pnas.1113806109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 907OH UT WOS:000301426700035 PM 22371604 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, C Chen, J Sarmiento, JL AF Beaulieu, Claudie Chen, Jie Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Change-point analysis as a tool to detect abrupt climate variations SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE change-point detection; autocorrelation; regime shift; abrupt climate change ID 2-PHASE REGRESSION-MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST; MAXIMAL T-TEST; CAL KYR BP; TEMPERATURE SERIES; UNDOCUMENTED CHANGEPOINTS; RANDOM-VARIABLES; HOMOGENEITY TEST; NORTH PACIFIC AB Recently, there have been an increasing number of studies using change-point methods to detect artificial or natural discontinuities and regime shifts in climate. However, a major drawback with most of the currently used change-point methods is the lack of flexibility (able to detect one specific type of shift under the assumption that the residuals are independent). As temporal variations in climate are complex, it may be difficult to identify change points with very simple models. Moreover, climate time series are known to exhibit autocorrelation, which corresponds to a model misspecification if not taken into account and can lead to the detection of non-existent shifts. In this study, we extend a method known as the informational approach for change-point detection to take into account the presence of autocorrelation in the model. The usefulness and flexibility of this approach are demonstrated through applications. Furthermore, it is highly desirable to develop techniques that can detect shifts soon after they occur for climate monitoring. To address this, we also carried out a simulation study in order to investigate the number of years after which an abrupt shift is detectable. We use two decision rules in order to decide whether a shift is detected or not, which represents a trade-off between increasing our chances of detecting a shift and reducing the risk of detecting a shift while in reality there is none. We show that, as of now, we have good chances to detect an abrupt shift with a magnitude that is larger than that of the standard deviation in the series of observations. For shifts with a very large magnitude (three times the standard deviation), our simulation study shows that after only 4 years the probabilities of shift detection reach nearly 100 per cent. This reveals that the approach has potential for climate monitoring. C1 [Beaulieu, Claudie; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chen, Jie] Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Stat, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Beaulieu, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM beaulieu@princeton.edu FU Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64467]; Cooperative Institute for Climate Science; BP and Ford Motor Company FX A part of this work was completed while C. Beaulieu was a visiting fellow at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge University, for the 'Mathematical and Statistical Approaches to Climate Modelling and Prediction' programme. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies, the Department of Energy (grant number DE-FG02-07ER64467), the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, and BP and Ford Motor Company through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University. The authors would also like to thank the editors, an anonymous reviewer, D. Jaruskova, R. Lund and K. Rodgers for constructive and helpful comments that led to improvements in the manuscript. NR 93 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 13 PY 2012 VL 370 IS 1962 SI SI BP 1228 EP 1249 DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0383 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 892WI UT WOS:000300315900012 PM 22291231 ER PT J AU Hart, LB Rotstein, DS Wells, RS Allen, J Barleycorn, A Balmer, BC Lane, SM Speakman, T Zolman, ES Stolen, M McFee, W Goldstein, T Rowles, TK Schwacke, LH AF Hart, Leslie Burdett Rotstein, Dave S. Wells, Randall S. Allen, Jason Barleycorn, Aaron Balmer, Brian C. Lane, Suzanne M. Speakman, Todd Zolman, Eric S. Stolen, Megan McFee, Wayne Goldstein, Tracey Rowles, Teri K. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Skin Lesions on Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Three Sites in the Northwest Atlantic, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; PHYSICAL DEFORMITIES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; HARBOR SEALS; RIGHT WHALES; CETACEANS; DISEASE; FLORIDA; LACAZIOSIS; PREVALENCE AB Skin disease occurs frequently in many cetacean species across the globe; methods to categorize lesions have relied on photo-identification (photo-id), stranding, and by-catch data. The current study used photo-id data from four sampling months during 2009 to estimate skin lesion prevalence and type occurring on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from three sites along the southeast United States coast [Sarasota Bay, FL (SSB); near Brunswick and Sapelo Island, GA (BSG); and near Charleston, SC (CHS)]. The prevalence of lesions was highest among BSG dolphins (P = 0.587) and lowest in SSB (P = 0.380), and the overall prevalence was significantly different among all sites (p < 0.0167). Logistic regression modeling revealed a significant reduction in the odds of lesion occurrence for increasing water temperatures (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.906-0.938) and a significantly increased odds of lesion occurrence for BSG dolphins (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.203-1.614). Approximately one-third of the lesioned dolphins from each site presented with multiple types, and population differences in lesion type occurrence were observed (p < 0.05). Lesions on stranded dolphins were sampled to determine the etiology of different lesion types, which included three visually distinct samples positive for herpesvirus. Although generally considered non-fatal, skin disease may be indicative of animal health or exposure to anthropogenic or environmental threats, and photo-id data provide an efficient and cost-effective approach to document the occurrence of skin lesions in free-ranging populations. C1 [Hart, Leslie Burdett; Schwacke, Lori H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Hart, Leslie Burdett; Lane, Suzanne M.; Speakman, Todd; Zolman, Eric S.; Schwacke, Lori H.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Rotstein, Dave S.; Rowles, Teri K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rotstein, Dave S.] Marine Mammal Pathol Serv, Olney, MD USA. [Wells, Randall S.; Allen, Jason; Barleycorn, Aaron; Balmer, Brian C.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Stolen, Megan] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [McFee, Wayne] NOAA, Coastal Marine Mammal Stranding Assessments Progr, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hart, LB (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM leslie.burdett@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health at the Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health at the Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e33081 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033081 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 920DF UT WOS:000302381500088 PM 22427955 ER PT J AU Kim, H Bryant, GW Stranick, SJ AF Kim, Hyunmin Bryant, Garnett W. Stranick, Stephan J. TI Superresolution four-wave mixing microscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL SYSTEMS; ELECTROMAGNETIC DIFFRACTION; CARS MICROSCOPY; IMAGE FIELD; IN-VIVO; LIMIT; ILLUMINATION; RESOLUTION; CELLS AB We report on the development of a superresolution four-wave mixing microscope with spatial resolution approaching 130 nm which represents better than twice the diffraction limit at 800 nm while retaining the ability to acquire materials- and chemical- specific contrast. The resolution enhancement is achieved by narrowing the microscope's excitation volume in the focal plane through the combined use of a Toraldo-style pupil phase filter with the multiplicative nature of four-wave mixing. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Hyunmin; Bryant, Garnett W.; Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Hyunmin; Bryant, Garnett W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.stranick@nist.gov OI Kim, Hyunmin/0000-0002-9338-4597 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 28 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 6 BP 6042 EP 6051 DI 10.1364/OE.20.006042 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 913KW UT WOS:000301877700047 PM 22418482 ER PT J AU Ycas, GG Quinlan, F Diddams, SA Osterman, S Mahadevan, S Redman, S Terrien, R Ramsey, L Bender, CF Botzer, B Sigurdsson, S AF Ycas, Gabriel G. Quinlan, Franklyn Diddams, Scott A. Osterman, Steve Mahadevan, Suvrath Redman, Stephen Terrien, Ryan Ramsey, Lawrence Bender, Chad F. Botzer, Brandon Sigurdsson, Steinn TI Demonstration of on-sky calibration of astronomical spectra using a 25 GHz near-IR laser frequency comb SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; REPETITION-RATE MULTIPLICATION; ASTRO-COMB; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CM S(-1); PRECISION; SPECTROGRAPHS; GENERATION; FIBERS; NOISE AB We describe and characterize a 25 GHz laser frequency comb based on a cavity-filtered erbium fiber mode-locked laser. The comb provides a uniform array of optical frequencies spanning 1450 nm to 1700 nm, and is stabilized by use of a global positioning system referenced atomic clock. This comb was deployed at the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly telescope at the McDonald Observatory where it was used as a radial velocity calibration source for the fiber-fed Pathfinder near-infrared spectrograph. Stellar targets were observed in three echelle orders over four nights, and radial velocity precision of similar to 10 m/s (similar to 6 MHz) was achieved from the comb-calibrated spectra. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Ycas, Gabriel G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ycas, Gabriel G.; Quinlan, Franklyn; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Osterman, Steve] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Terrien, Ryan; Ramsey, Lawrence; Bender, Chad F.; Botzer, Brandon; Sigurdsson, Steinn] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence; Bender, Chad F.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Redman, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ycas, GG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ycasg@colorado.edu; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Bender, Chad/D-4719-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; OI Sigurdsson, Steinn/0000-0002-8187-1144 FU NIST; NASA through the NAI and Origins [NNX09AB34G]; NSF [AST-0906034, AST-1006676, AST-0907732, AST-1126413]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium; National Research Council FX We acknowledge support from NIST, from NASA through the NAI and Origins grant NNX09AB34G, and from the NSF grants AST-0906034, AST-1006676, AST-0907732, and AST-1126413. This work was partially supported by funding from the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, which in turn is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. FJQ acknowledges the support of the National Research Council. The Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, and Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen. The HET is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly. We thank the HET resident astronomers (John Caldwell, Steve Odewahn, Sergey Rostopchin, and Matthew Shetrone) and telescope operators (Frank Deglman, Vicki Riley, Eusebio "Chevo" Terrazas, and Amy Westfall) for their expertise and support. We also thank the HET engineers and staff who provided us with critical assistance during the day: Edmundo Balder-rama, Randy Bryant, George Damm, James Fowler, Herman Kriel, Leo Lavender, Jerry Martin, Debbie Murphy, Robert Poenisch, Logan Schoolcraft, and Michael Ward. This work would not be possible without them. The authors thank M. Hirano of Sumitomo Electric Industries for providing HNLFs 1, 2, and 3. NR 34 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 6 BP 6631 EP 6643 DI 10.1364/OE.20.006631 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 913KW UT WOS:000301877700112 PM 22418547 ER PT J AU Attota, R Silver, R AF Attota, Ravikiran Silver, Richard TI Optical microscope angular illumination analysis SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL COHERENCE; METROLOGY; OVERLAY AB For high precision applications of optical microscopes, it is critical to achieve symmetrical angular illumination intensity at the sample plane, in addition to uniform spatial irradiance achieved by Kohler illumination. A correlation between the angular illumination asymmetry and the contrast in the image of a line grating target was demonstrated as the target is scanned through focus. Using this correlation, we present a novel, yet simple method of experimentally evaluating the angular illumination asymmetry (ANILAS) at the sample plane of an optical microscope across the field of view. This ANILAS map is expected to be a useful method for assessing the illumination condition of optical systems. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Silver, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 6 BP 6693 EP 6702 DI 10.1364/OE.20.006693 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 913KW UT WOS:000301877700118 PM 22418553 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Hudgens, JW AF Pettibone, John M. Hudgens, Jeffrey W. TI Predictive Gold Nanocluster Formation Controlled by Metal-Ligand Complexes SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; nanoparticles; monolayer-protected clusters; diphosphine ligands; size-selection ID CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; BITE ANGLE; AUROPHILIC ATTRACTION; PHOSPHINE-LIGANDS; AB-INITIO; LUMINESCENCE; MONODISPERSE; CHEMISTRY; CATALYSIS; ROUTE AB The formation of ligand-protected gold nanoclusters during size-selective syntheses is seemingly driven by the inherent properties of the protecting ligands, but a general description of the product formation has not been presented. This study uses diphosphine-protected Au clusters as a model system to examine i) control of metal-ligand complex distributions in methanolchloroform solutions, ii) role of solution perturbations, e.g., oxidation, and iii) nanocluster formation through reduction of characterized complex distributions. By selectively reducing complexes and monitoring cluster formation with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and UVvis, data show the distribution of complexes can be controlled through ligand exchange, and the reduction of specific complexes produce characteristic ligated gold clusters based on ligand class. Specifically, 1,n-bis(diphenylphosphino)n-alkane ligands, Ln, where n = 1 through 6, are classified into two distinct sets. The classes represent ligands that either form mainly [AuLn2]+ (Class I, n = 13) or bridged [Au2Ln2]2+ (Class II, n = 46) complexes after complete ligand exchange with AuClPPh3. Selectively reducing gold-phosphine ligand complexes allows mapping of product formation, resulting collectively in a predictive tool for ligated gold cluster production by simply monitoring the initial complex distribution prior to reduction. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pettibone, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.pettibone@nist.gov; jeffrey.hudgens@nist.gov FU NRC FX JMP acknowledges the NRC Fellowship for funding support. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 82 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 715 EP 725 DI 10.1002/smll.201101777 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 903ND UT WOS:000301122400013 PM 22228703 ER PT J AU Stock, C Rodriguez, EE Green, MA AF Stock, C. Rodriguez, E. E. Green, M. A. TI Spin fluctuations and superconductivity in powders of Fe1+xTe0.7Se0.3 as a function of interstitial iron concentration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB Using neutron inelastic scattering, we investigate the role of interstitial iron on the low-energy spin fluctuations in powder samples of Fe1+xTe0.7Se0.3. We demonstrate how combining the principle of detailed balance along with measurements at several temperatures allows us to subtract both temperature-independent and phonon backgrounds from S(Q, omega) to obtain purely magnetic scattering. For small values of interstitial iron [x = 0.009(3)], the sample is superconducting (T-c = 14 K) and displays a spin gap of 7 meV peaked in momentum at wave vector q(0) = (pi, pi) consistent with single-crystal results. On populating the interstitial iron sites, the superconducting volume fraction decreases and we observe a filling in of the low-energy magnetic fluctuations and a decrease of the characteristic wave vector of the magnetic fluctuations. For large concentrations of interstitial iron [x = 0.048(2)] where the superconducting volume fraction is minimal, we observe the presence of gapless spin fluctuations at a wave vector of q(0) = (pi, 0). We estimate the absolute total moment for the various samples and find that the amount of interstitial iron does not change the total magnetic spectral weight significantly, but rather has the effect of shifting the spectral weight in Q and energy. These results show that the superconducting and magnetic properties can be tuned by doping small amounts of iron and are suggestive that interstitial iron concentration is also a controlling dopant in the Fe1+xTe1-ySey phase diagram in addition to the Te/Se ratio. C1 [Stock, C.; Rodriguez, E. E.; Green, M. A.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0944772). NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 12 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 9 AR 094507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.094507 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 906HA UT WOS:000301334300004 ER PT J AU Brioude, J Petron, G Frost, GJ Ahmadov, R Angevine, WM Hsie, EY Kim, SW Lee, SH McKeen, SA Trainer, M Fehsenfeld, FC Holloway, JS Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Gurney, KR AF Brioude, J. Petron, G. Frost, G. J. Ahmadov, R. Angevine, W. M. Hsie, E. -Y. Kim, S. -W. Lee, S. -H. McKeen, S. A. Trainer, M. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Holloway, J. S. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Gurney, K. R. TI A new inversion method to calculate emission inventories without a prior at mesoscale: Application to the anthropogenic CO2 emission from Houston, Texas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUXES; NO2 AB We developed a new inversion method to calculate an emission inventory for an anthropogenic pollutant without a prior emission estimate at mesoscale. This method employs slopes between mixing ratio enhancements of a given pollutant (CO2, for instance) with other co-emitted tracers in conjunction with the emission inventories of those tracers (CO, NOy, and SO2 are used in this example). The current application of this method employed in situ measurements onboard the NOAA WP-3 research aircraft during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS 2006). We used 3 different transport models to estimate the uncertainties introduced by the transport models in the inversion. We demonstrated the validity of the new inversion method by calculating a 4 x 4 km(2) emission inventory of anthropogenic CO2 in the Houston area in Texas, and comparing it to the 10 x 10 km(2) Vulcan emission inventory for the same region. The calculated anthropogenic CO2 inventory for the Houston Ship Channel, home to numerous major industrial and port emission sources, showed excellent agreement with Vulcan. The daytime CO2 average flux from the Ship Channel is the largest urban CO2 flux reported in the literature. Compared to Vulcan, the daytime urban area CO2 emissions were higher by 37% +/- 6%. Those differences can be explained by uncertainties in emission factors in Vulcan and by increased emissions from point sources and on-road emitters between 2002, the reference year in Vulcan, and 2006, the year that the TexAQS observations were made. C1 [Brioude, J.; Frost, G. J.; Ahmadov, R.; Angevine, W. M.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Kim, S. -W.; McKeen, S. A.; Trainer, M.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gurney, K. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lee, S. -H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Petron, G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, S. -H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011 OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D05312 DI 10.1029/2011JD016918 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908OD UT WOS:000301498800004 ER PT J AU Song, J Vorburger, TV Ballou, S Thompson, RM Yen, J Renegar, TB Zheng, A Silver, RM Ols, M AF Song, J. Vorburger, T. V. Ballou, S. Thompson, R. M. Yen, J. Renegar, T. B. Zheng, A. Silver, R. M. Ols, M. TI The National Ballistics Imaging Comparison (NBIC) project SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Ballistics identification; Standard reference material; Standard bullet; Standard cartridge case; NIBIN; NBIC ID STANDARD BULLETS; TOPOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS; SYSTEM AB In response to the guidelines issued by the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors/Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB-International) to establish traceability and quality assurance in U. S. crime laboratories, a NIST/ATF joint project entitled National Ballistics Imaging Comparison (NBIC) was initialized in 2008. The NBIC project aims to establish a National Traceability and Quality System for ballistics identifications in crime laboratories within the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) of the U. S. NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2460 bullets and 2461 cartridge cases are used as reference standards. 19 ballistics examiners from 13 U. S. crime laboratories participated in this project. They each performed 24 periodic image acquisitions and correlations of the SRM bullets and cartridge cases over the course of a year, but one examiner only participated in Phase 1 tests of SRM cartridge case. The correlation scores were collected by NIST for statistical analyses, from which control charts and control limits were developed for the proposed Quality System and for promoting future assessments and accreditations for firearm evidence in U. S. forensic laboratories in accordance with the ISO 17025 Standard. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Song, J.; Vorburger, T. V.; Ballou, S.; Thompson, R. M.; Yen, J.; Renegar, T. B.; Zheng, A.; Silver, R. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ols, M.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco Firearms & Explos ATF, Ammendale, MD 20705 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM song@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST; Forensic Technology Inc. (FTI, Canada) FX The funding for the NBIC Project was provided by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST. The authors are grateful to Eric Whitenton, David Kelley and Li Ma of NIST and to Robert Clary (now at NIH), Brian Dutterer (now at UNCC) and Paul Rubert of Rubert Co. Ltd. (UK) for their contributions in the development of NIST SRM 2460/2461 Standard Bullets and Cartridge Cases; to Stacy Stern and Michel Paradis of the Forensic Technology Inc. (FTI, Canada) for support of the NBIC project. The authors are also grateful to U. S. ballistics examiners Charles Fancey and Brandy Harrington of Jefferson Co. Sheriff's Dept., Jill R. Errickson of Miami-Dade Police Dept., Nikiki Mincey-McCall and Stephen M. Garten of ATF Forensic Science Lab-Atlanta, Edward Jachimowicz of CT Dept. of Public Safety Lab, Jennifer Perry and Steve Hargis of Arkansas State Crime Lab, Erich Smith of FBI, Nanette Rudolph and Linzee Willette of FDLE Orlando, FL, Ashleigh Vogel of Michigan State Police-Grand Rapids Laboratory, Helen Schumacher, Allison Milam and Susan Landen of VA Division of Forensic Science, Caryn Tucker, Daryl Smith and Calvin Box and Melissa Nally of Illinois State Police Forensic Science Center in Chicago, and Darrell Stein of Houston Police Dept. Crime Lab. for their participation, suggestions and contributions to the NBIC project. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD MAR 10 PY 2012 VL 216 IS 1-3 BP 168 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.09.016 PG 15 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 899SR UT WOS:000300837000027 PM 22014973 ER PT J AU Neuman, JA Trainer, M Aikin, KC Angevine, WM Brioude, J Brown, SS de Gouw, JA Dube, WP Flynn, JH Graus, M Holloway, JS Lefer, BL Nedelec, P Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Pollack, IB Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Smit, H Thouret, V Wagner, NL AF Neuman, J. A. Trainer, M. Aikin, K. C. Angevine, W. M. Brioude, J. Brown, S. S. de Gouw, J. A. Dube, W. P. Flynn, J. H. Graus, M. Holloway, J. S. Lefer, B. L. Nedelec, P. Nowak, J. B. Parrish, D. D. Pollack, I. B. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. B. Smit, H. Thouret, V. Wagner, N. L. TI Observations of ozone transport from the free troposphere to the Los Angeles basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AIR-QUALITY; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; BACKGROUND OZONE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SURFACE OZONE; NITRIC-ACID; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ASIAN DUST AB Analysis of in situ airborne measurements from the CalNex 2010 field experiment (Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) show that ozone in the boundary layer over Southern California was increased by downward mixing of air from the free troposphere (FT). The chemical composition, origin, and transport of air upwind and over Los Angeles, California, were studied using measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, reactive nitrogen species, and meteorological parameters from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft on 18 research flights in California in May and June 2010. On six flights, multiple vertical profiles from 0.2-3.5 km above ground level were conducted throughout the Los Angeles (LA) basin and over the Pacific Ocean. Gas phase compounds measured in 32 vertical profiles are used to characterize air masses in the FT over the LA basin, with the aim of determining the source of increased ozone observed above the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Four primary air mass influences were observed regularly in the FT between approximately 1 and 3.5 km altitude: upper tropospheric air, long-range transport of emissions, aged regional emissions, and marine air. The first three air mass types accounted for 89% of the FT observations. Ozone averaged 71 ppbv in air influenced by the upper troposphere, 69 ppbv in air containing emissions transported long distances, and 65 ppbv in air with aged regional emissions. Correlations between ozone and CO, and ozone and nitric acid, demonstrate entrainment of ozone from the FT into the LA PBL. Downward transport of ozone-rich air from the FT into the PBL contributes to the ozone burden at the surface in this region and makes compliance with air quality standards challenging. C1 [Neuman, J. A.; Aikin, K. C.; Angevine, W. M.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dube, W. P.; Graus, M.; Holloway, J. S.; Nowak, J. B.; Pollack, I. B.; Wagner, N. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Trainer, M.; Aikin, K. C.; Angevine, W. M.; Brioude, J.; Brown, S. S.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dube, W. P.; Graus, M.; Holloway, J. S.; Nowak, J. B.; Parrish, D. D.; Pollack, I. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Wagner, N. L.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Flynn, J. H.; Lefer, B. L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Nedelec, P.; Thouret, V.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Smit, H.] Res Ctr Julich GmbH, Inst Chem Polluted Atmosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, R CSD 7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andy.neuman@noaa.gov RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V09 DI 10.1029/2011JD016919 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908OA UT WOS:000301498500006 ER PT J AU Perez, RC Lumpkin, R Johns, WE Foltz, GR Hormann, V AF Perez, Renellys C. Lumpkin, Rick Johns, William E. Foltz, Gregory R. Hormann, Verena TI Interannual variations of Atlantic tropical instability waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LONG WAVES; WIND STRESS; VARIABILITY; VORTICES; LEVEL AB Observations are used to develop metrics for interannual tropical instability wave (TIW) variability in the Atlantic and to relate that variability to larger scale processes. The analysis is partitioned into different latitude bands to distinguish between off-equatorial (5 degrees S, 2 degrees N, and 5 degrees N) and near-equatorial (2 degrees S and 0 degrees) TIWs. TIW metrics based on sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA) fluctuations are compared against interannual anomalies of SST in the cold tongue region. To examine the role of barotropic shear instabilities in modulating the intensity of a TIW season, wind stress and near-surface current indices are developed in regions where the shear between the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and the northern branch of the South Equatorial Current (nSEC) and between the nSEC and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) are expected to be largest. Good agreement is found between the SST and SLA TIW metrics along the off-equatorial latitude bands, and interannual variations of both metrics can largely be attributed to barotropic shear instabilities. In particular, years with low (high) TIW variance along the off-equatorial latitude bands are associated with anomalously warm (cold) SSTs in the cold tongue region, weak (strong) wind stress divergence and curl in the EUC-nSEC region, and weak (strong) zonal current shear in the nSEC-NECC region. In contrast, in the near-equatorial latitude bands, poor agreement is found between interannual TIW activity based on the SST and SLA metrics, and near-equatorial TIW variability cannot be explained by the large-scale SST, wind stress divergence and curl, and current shear indices. C1 [Perez, Renellys C.; Hormann, Verena] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.; Lumpkin, Rick; Foltz, Gregory R.; Hormann, Verena] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Johns, William E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Perez, RC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM renellys.c.perez@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies at the University of Miami; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); NASA; Cnes FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers and Gustavo Goni, David Enfield, and Sang-Ki Lee for comments that improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies at the University of Miami. Microwave OI SST data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), the NASA Earth Science Physical Oceanography Program, and the NASA MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project; data are available at www.remss.com. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from Cnes (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). The QuikSCAT wind stress divergence and curl fields were provided by Craig Risien and Dudley Chelton. PIRATA data are distributed by the TAO Project Office of NOAA/PMEL (http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/pirata/). NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C03011 DI 10.1029/2011JC007584 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 908FX UT WOS:000301477400004 ER PT J AU Dimitriou, MD Sundaram, HS Cho, YJ Paik, MY Kondo, M Schmidt, K Fischer, DA Ober, CK Kramer, EJ AF Dimitriou, Michael D. Sundaram, Harihara S. Cho, Youngjin Paik, Marvin Y. Kondo, Masakazu Schmidt, Kristin Fischer, Daniel A. Ober, Christopher K. Kramer, Edward J. TI Amphiphilic block copolymer surface composition: Effects of spin coating versus spray coating SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Block polymer; Spin coating; Surface composition ID FOULING-RELEASE PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; SIDE-CHAINS; HYPERBRANCHED FLUOROPOLYMER; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; POLYMER BRUSHES; ALGA ULVA; ORIENTATION AB Spray coating is demonstrated to produce different surface compositions of block copolymer films than spin coating even after annealing above the glass transition temperatures of both blocks. An amphiphilic block copolymer derived by chemically modifying the polyisoprene block of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polyisoprene precursor with different molar ratios of 550 g/mol poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether and a semifluorinated alcohol, 10-Perfluorodecyl-1-decanol, is used as a model system to investigate the effect. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated significantly higher amounts of CF2 and CF3 carbons at the surface for spray coated films while the overall concentration of C-O bonded carbons did not change. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy shows a larger C1s -> sigma*(C-F) transition partial electron yield peak for the spray coated films and a negligible amount of polystyrene populating the surface for both solution deposition techniques. Water contact angles measured by the captive air bubble technique are found to be higher for the spray coated samples upon immersion in water. Scanning force microscopy also shows significant differences in the surface morphology of both films. These results indicate that it should not be assumed that the surface composition of a spin coated polymer film is representative of the same polymer deposited by spray coating. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dimitriou, Michael D.; Schmidt, Kristin; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dimitriou, Michael D.; Schmidt, Kristin; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sundaram, Harihara S.; Cho, Youngjin; Paik, Marvin Y.; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kondo, Masakazu] Chisso Corp, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008105, Japan. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kramer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cko3@cornell.edu; edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Sundaram, Harihara Subramanian/D-8266-2012 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000141110330, N000141110325]; NSF [DMR-0704539]; NSF-MRSEC (UCSB MRL) [DMR-1121053] FX This work was primarily supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Award N000141110330 (C.K.O.) and Award N000141110325 (E.J.K.). M.D.D. and E.J.K. acknowledge partial support from the NSF Polymers Program (DMR-0704539) as well as the use of facilities funded by the NSF-MRSEC program (UCSB MRL, DMR-1121053). NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1321 EP 1327 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.055 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 910FX UT WOS:000301623700020 ER PT J AU Machol, JL Green, JC Redmon, RJ Viereck, RA Newell, PT AF Machol, Janet L. Green, Janet C. Redmon, Robert J. Viereck, Rodney A. Newell, Patrick T. TI Evaluation of OVATION Prime as a forecast model for visible aurorae SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLAR ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; BOUNDARY; SCATTERING; SUBSTORM; IMF; ION AB This study evaluates the ability of the OVATION Prime auroral precipitation model to provide operational forecasts of the visible aurora. An operational implementation would primarily provide the general public with some guidance for viewing the aurora. We evaluate the likelihood that if aurorae are predicted to be visible at a location, they will be seen there within the hour. Nighttime model forecasts were validated with Polar Ultraviolet Imager data for Kp >= 3 and for the years 1997 and 1998. The overall forecasts for a visible aurora to occur or to not occur were correct 77% of the time. The most important prediction for public auroral viewing is that the visible aurora will occur, and these forecasts were correct 86% of the time. C1 [Machol, Janet L.; Green, Janet C.; Redmon, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Machol, Janet L.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Viereck, Rodney A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Newell, Patrick T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Machol, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, E-GC2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM janet.machol@noaa.gov RI Machol, Janet/D-5896-2016 OI Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S03005 DI 10.1029/2011SW000746 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908OR UT WOS:000301500200001 ER PT J AU Boekelheide, Z Saerbeck, T Stampfl, APJ Robinson, RA Stewart, DA Hellman, F AF Boekelheide, Z. Saerbeck, T. Stampfl, Anton P. J. Robinson, R. A. Stewart, D. A. Hellman, F. TI Antiferromagnetism in Cr3Al and relation to semiconducting behavior SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-WAVE ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; CR-AL ALLOYS; SPIN-DENSITY; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CHROMIUM-ALLOYS; ALUMINUM; APPROXIMATION; SUPERLATTICES; ELEMENTS AB Antiferromagnetism and chemical ordering have both been previously suggested as causes of the observed semiconductorlike behavior in Cr3Al. Two films of Cr3Al(001)/MgO(001) were grown under different conditions to achieve different types of chemical ordering and electronic properties: one X-phase structure (semiconducting) and one C11(b) structure (metallic). The films were investigated by x-ray and neutron diffraction. Both films show commensurate antiferromagnetic order, with a high Neel temperature greater than 578 K, showing that the antiferromagnetism in Cr3Al is quite robust. Density-functional theory calculations were performed and it was shown that the well-known antiferromagnetic pseudogap in the density of states occurs for all types of chemical ordering considered. The conclusion of these studies is that the antiferromagnetism causes a pseudogap in the density of states, which is a necessary condition for the semiconductorlike transport behavior; however, that antiferromagnetism is seen in both metallic and semiconducting Cr3Al samples shows that antiferromagnetism is not a sufficient condition for semiconducting behavior. Chemical ordering is equally important. C1 [Boekelheide, Z.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boekelheide, Z.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Saerbeck, T.; Stampfl, Anton P. J.; Robinson, R. A.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Saerbeck, T.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Stampfl, Anton P. J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Stewart, D. A.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Nanoscale Facil, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Boekelheide, Z (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zoe.boekelheide@nist.gov RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Stewart, Derek/B-6115-2008; Saerbeck, Thomas/F-5802-2014; OI Saerbeck, Thomas/0000-0001-7913-691X; Stewart, Derek/0000-0001-7355-2605 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Calculations were done at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, part of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network funded by the National Science Foundation. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 9 AR 094413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.094413 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 906GZ UT WOS:000301334200002 ER PT J AU Jeong, SJ Medvigy, D Shevliakova, E Malyshev, S AF Jeong, Su-Jong Medvigy, David Shevliakova, Elena Malyshev, Sergey TI Uncertainties in terrestrial carbon budgets related to spring phenology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; LEAF PHENOLOGY; ESTIMATING PARAMETERS; SAMPLING METHODS; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; BIOSPHERE MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATE; BUDBURST AB In temperate regions, the budburst date of deciduous trees is mainly regulated by temperature variation, but the exact nature of the temperature dependence has been a matter of debate. One hypothesis is that budburst date depends purely on the accumulation of warm temperature; a competing hypothesis states that exposure to cold temperatures is also important for budburst. In this study, variability in budburst is evaluated using 15 years of budburst data for 17 tree species at Harvard Forest. We compare two budburst hypotheses through reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo. We then investigate how uncertainties in budburst date mapped onto uncertainties in ecosystem carbon using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's LM3 land model. For 15 of 17 species, we find that more complicated budburst models that account for a chilling period are favored over simpler models that do not include such dependence. LM3 simulations show that the choice of budburst model induces differences in the timing of carbon uptake commencement of similar to 11 days, in the magnitude of April-May carbon uptake of similar to 1.03 g C m(-2) day(-1), and in total ecosystem carbon stocks of similar to 2 kg C m(-2). While the choice of whether to include a chilling period in the budburst model strongly contributes to this variability, another important factor is how the species-dependent field data gets mapped onto LM3's single deciduous plant functional type ( PFT). We conclude budburst timing has a strong impact on simulated CO2 fluxes, and uncertainty in the fluxes can be substantially reduced by improving the model's representation of PFT diversity. C1 [Jeong, Su-Jong; Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Jeong, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 215 Sayre Hall,300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sjeong@princeton.edu; dmedvigy@princeton.edu; elena@princeton.edu; malyshev@princeton.edu RI Jeong, Su-Jong/J-4110-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320752]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors wish to thank R. J. Stouffer for helpful comments and discussions. This research was supported by award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors appreciate very helpful and constructive comments made by editors and reviewers. We thank J. O'Keefe for making the Harvard Forest phenology data available (http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/), and we thank M. D. Schwartz, in collaboration with G. Meyer and J. Reinartz, for making the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) field station phenology data available (http://www4.uwm.edu/fieldstation/). We also thank the agencies and institutions that funded the long-term measurements at these sites. NR 77 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01030 DI 10.1029/2011JG001868 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 908OE UT WOS:000301498900002 ER PT J AU Wang, SY L'Heureux, M Chia, HH AF Wang, Shih-Yu L'Heureux, Michelle Chia, Hsin-Hsing TI ENSO prediction one year in advance using western North Pacific sea surface temperatures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; EL-NINO; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; MODEL; ANOMALIES AB We present evidence that the de-trended, boreal winter sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the western North Pacific (WNP) are a skillful predictor for the development of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) by the following winter. The WNP shares some similarities with the Meridional Mode (MM) located in the subtropical central and eastern North Pacific: both are linked to off-equatorial SSTA and low-level wind anomalies, and both appear to be strongly related to wintertime variability in the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO). However, in contrast with the MM, the WNP is associated with an opposite-signed SSTA dipole located off southeastern Asia and in the western tropical Pacific, which is accompanied by equatorial winds that may influence the level of oceanic Kelvin wave activity that precedes ENSO events. Citation: Wang, S.-Y., M. L'Heureux, and H.-H. Chia (2012), ENSO prediction one year in advance using western North Pacific sea surface temperatures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05702, doi:10.1029/2012GL050909. C1 [Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [L'Heureux, Michelle] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chia, Hsin-Hsing] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei 100, Taiwan. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM simon.wang@usu.edu RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013; Wang, S.-Y. Simon/G-2566-2010 OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706; FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University [8393]; [MOTC-CWB-101-M-15] FX We appreciate valuable comments on the initial manuscript by Michael Alexander, Zeng-Zhen Hu, and Wanqiu Wang. We also thank Dan Vimont for providing the MM index and Paul Roundy for providing the reconstructed dynamic height data. This study was supported partially by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, under paper 8393 and by grant MOTC-CWB-101-M-15. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L05702 DI 10.1029/2012GL050909 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 908QA UT WOS:000301503900002 ER PT J AU Williams, CN Menne, MJ Thorne, PW AF Williams, Claude N. Menne, Matthew J. Thorne, Peter W. TI Benchmarking the performance of pairwise homogenization of surface temperatures in the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY NETWORK; 2-PHASE REGRESSION-MODEL; UNDOCUMENTED CHANGEPOINTS; PAST CLIMATE; HOMOGENEITY TEST; TRENDS; TIME; BIAS; UNCERTAINTIES; SIMULATIONS AB Changes in the circumstances behind in situ temperature measurements often lead to biases in individual station records that, collectively, can also bias regional temperature trends. Since these biases are comparable in magnitude to climate change signals, homogeneity "corrections" are necessary to make the records suitable for climate analysis. To quantify the effectiveness of U.S. surface temperature homogenization, a randomized perturbed ensemble of the USHCN pairwise homogenization algorithm was run against a suite of benchmark analogs to real monthly temperature data. Results indicate that all randomized versions of the algorithm consistently produce homogenized data closer to the true climate signal in the presence of widespread systematic errors. When applied to the real-world observations, the randomized ensemble reinforces previous understanding that the two dominant sources of bias in the U.S. temperature records are caused by changes to time of observation (spurious cooling in minimum and maximum) and conversion to electronic resistance thermometers (spurious cooling in maximum and warming in minimum). Error bounds defined by the ensemble output indicate that maximum temperature trends are positive for the past 30, 50 and 100 years, and that these maximums contain pervasive negative biases that cause the unhomogenized (raw) trends to fall below the lower limits of uncertainty. Moreover, because residual bias in the homogenized analogs is one-tailed under biased errors, it is likely that maximum temperature trends have been underestimated in the USHCN. Trends for minimum temperature are also positive over the three periods, but the ensemble error bounds encompass trends from the unhomogenized data. C1 [Williams, Claude N.; Menne, Matthew J.; Thorne, Peter W.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Thorne, Peter W.] N Carolina State Univ, CICS NC, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Williams, CN (reprint author), NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM matthew.menne@noaa.gov RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU PHEATS; DECC/Defra [GA01101] FX Peter Thorne's early work was funded by Government Business Programme project PHEATS and the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101) while employed by the U.K. Met Office. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Met Office Hadley Centre model output (c) Crown copyright 2005; data provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre. The authors thank Ken Kunkel, Tom Peterson and three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper, as well as Dan Rowlands for helpful discussions about the generation of ensembles. NR 49 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D05116 DI 10.1029/2011JD016761 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908NX UT WOS:000301498200003 ER PT J AU Hu, JY Zheng, QA Sun, ZY Tai, CK AF Hu, Jianyu Zheng, Quanan Sun, Zhenyu Tai, Chang-Kuo TI Penetration of nonlinear Rossby eddies into South China Sea evidenced by cruise data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LUZON STRAIT; KUROSHIO INTRUSION; WESTERN PACIFIC; EDDY; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; WATER; BEND AB From the analyses of the cruise conductivity-temperature-depth profiler and acoustic Doppler current profiler data combined with simultaneous satellite altimeter data and Argo float profiling data, this paper provides evidence for the nonlinear Rossby eddies (NREs) penetrating through the Kuroshio and the Luzon Strait and entering the South China Sea (SCS). A high-salinity water prism in the subsurface layer west of the Luzon Strait was observed in January 2010. The salty prism centered at around 21 degrees N and 118 degrees E has a salinity higher than 34.8 and co-locates with an anticyclonic eddy with a diameter of about 150 km. The water properties of the salty prism are close to those of the Northwest Pacific (NWP) water. The time series of altimeter data and Argo float profiling data indicate that the anticyclonic eddy originates from an NRE that propagates westward from the NWP. The eddy penetrates the Luzon Strait at a speed of about 0.6 m s(-1) because of the effects of the narrow strait and the Kuroshio-eddy interaction and carries the high-salinity subsurface water from the NWP into the northern SCS. C1 [Hu, Jianyu; Sun, Zhenyu] Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Hu, Jianyu; Zheng, Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tai, Chang-Kuo] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Hu, JY (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM hujy@xmu.edu.cn RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421208, 2007CB411803]; Natural Science Foundation of China [40976013, 41121091]; United States of America National Oceanic; Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Ocean Remote Sensing [3000-11-03241] FX This study is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China through projects of 2009CB421208 and 2007CB411803 and the Natural Science Foundation of China through projects of 40976013 and 41121091 (for J. Hu), by the United States of America National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Ocean Remote Sensing Funding Program 3000-11-03241 (for Q. Zheng and C.-K. Tai). We thank the crew of R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 and all the cruise participants for help with the field work and X. G. Guo for providing ADCP data of Figures 2g-2i. We also appreciate the Argo data center and the Aviso center for their online data. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments for improving the manuscript. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C03010 DI 10.1029/2011JC007525 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 908FV UT WOS:000301477200003 ER PT J AU Song, H Miller, AJ McClatchie, S Weber, ED Nieto, KM Checkley, DM AF Song, Hajoon Miller, Arthur J. McClatchie, Sam Weber, Edward D. Nieto, Karen M. Checkley, David M., Jr. TI Application of a data-assimilation model to variability of Pacific sardine spawning and survivor habitats with ENSO in the California Current System SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; EL-NINO; LA-NINA; MESOSCALE EDDIES; SAGAX; OCEAN; STATE; ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHERN; BIOMASS AB The Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) showed significant differences in spawning habitat area, spawning habitat quality and availability of survivor habitat as the Pacific Ocean went through the La Nina state in April 2002 to a weak El Nino in April 2003. During another El Nino/Southern Oscillation transition period in 2006-2007 when the El Nino state retreated and the La Nina returned, a similar pattern in spawning habitat quality was seen. The coupling between the atmospheric forcing, the physical ocean states and the properties of the sardine egg spawning are investigated using dynamically consistent data-assimilation fits of the available physical oceanographic observations during these months. Fits were executed using the Regional Ocean Modeling System four-dimensional variational assimilation platform along with adjoint model runs using a passive tracer to deduce source waters for the areas of interest. Analysis using the data-assimilation model runs reveals that unusually strong equatorward wind-forcing drives offshore transport during the La Nina conditions, which extends the spawning habitat for sardine further offshore. A statistical model of sardine spawning habitat shows better habitat quality during the El Nino conditions, which is associated with higher egg densities and corresponded to higher daily egg production. Concentration of eggs is also increased by convergence of water. The results of the source waters analysis using the adjoint data assimilation model support the idea that offshore transport extends the spawning habitat, and show that higher levels of nutrient are brought into the spawning habitat with high concentration of sardine eggs. C1 [Song, Hajoon] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Miller, Arthur J.; Checkley, David M., Jr.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Edward D.; Nieto, Karen M.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Song, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM hsong6@ucsc.edu RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X FU NSF [CCE-LTER: OCE-0417616, OCE-1026607]; NOAA [IOOS: NA17RJ1231]; NOAA Fisheries And The Environment (FATE) FX This study formed a part of the Ph.D. dissertation of HS at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Funding was provided by NSF (CCE-LTER: OCE-0417616 and OCE-1026607) and NOAA (IOOS: NA17RJ1231). Postdoctoral salaries for EDW and KMN were funded by NOAA (IOOS: NA17RJ1231). SM was supported by NOAA Fisheries And The Environment program (FATE). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. Supercomputing resources were provided by COMPAS at SIO. Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national programs that contribute to it. (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). Argo is a pilot program of the Global Ocean Observing System. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C03009 DI 10.1029/2011JC007302 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 908FV UT WOS:000301477200002 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E AF Cockayne, Eric TI Graphing and grafting graphene: Classifying finite topological defects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; CARBON NANOTUBES; MICROSCOPY; GROWTH AB The structure of finite-area topological defects in graphene is described in terms of both the direct honeycomb lattice and its dual triangular lattice. Such defects are equivalent to cutting out a patch of graphene and replacing it with a different patch with the same number of dangling bonds. An important subset of these defects, bound by a closed loop of alternating 5- and 7-membered carbon rings, explains most finite-area topological defects that have been experimentally observed. Previously unidentified defects seen in scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of graphene grown on SiC are identified as isolated divacancies or divacancy clusters. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.cockayne@nist.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 8 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 12 AR 125409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.125409 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 906HV UT WOS:000301336700004 ER PT J AU Anderson, K Swanson, P Pankhurst, N King, H Elizur, A AF Anderson, Kelli Swanson, Penny Pankhurst, Ned King, Harry Elizur, Abigail TI Effect of thermal challenge on plasma gonadotropin levels and ovarian steroidogenesis in female maiden and repeat spawning Tasmanian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Temperature; Reproduction; Fertility; Gonadal steroidogenesis; Pituitary hormones; Gene expression ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; AROMATASE GENE AB Exposure of female Atlantic salmon to elevated temperature can result in a dramatic reduction in egg fertility and embryo survival. Reductions in plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) levels are associated with much of the observed reduction in reproductive performance: however, the molecular basis for reduced E-2 levels remains unknown. This study examined gene expression of ovarian steroidogenic enzymes and plasma levels of gonadotropins in maiden and repeat spawning Atlantic salmon exposed to higher than normal temperatures. Circulating levels of follicle stimulating hormone (Fsh) were significantly elevated in both maiden and repeat spawning fish maintained at 22 degrees C compared to 14 degrees C during vitellogenesis, but plasma luteinising hormone levels were mostly unaffected. In contrast, gene expression of the ovarian p450 aromatase a and cholesterol side chain cleavage protein were depressed at 22 degrees C compared to 14 degrees C. Hepatic gene expression of estrogen receptor alpha did not change with thermal challenge. The results show that the ovarian response to Fsh is inhibited at 22 degrees C, at least partly as a result of reduced expression of genes coding for steroidogenic enzymes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Kelli; Elizur, Abigail] Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth & Educ, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia. [Anderson, Kelli] Australian Seafood Cooperat Res Ctr, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia. [Swanson, Penny] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pankhurst, Ned] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. [King, Harry] Salmon Enterprises Tasmania, Wayatinah, Tas 7140, Australia. RP Elizur, A (reprint author), Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth & Educ, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia. EM ando.kelli@gmail.com; Penny.Swanson@noaa.gov; N.Pankhurst@griffith.edu.au; Harry.King@csiro.au; AElizur@usc.edu.au RI Elizur, Abigail/B-7708-2012; King, Henry/B-7386-2013 FU Australian Fisheries Research & Development Corporation; Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre; Salmon Enterprises of Tasmania Pty. Ltd. (SALTAS); University of the Sunshine Coast FX This work was supported by the Australian Fisheries Research & Development Corporation, the Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre and Salmon Enterprises of Tasmania Pty. Ltd. (SALTAS). K. Anderson was supported by an Australian Post Graduate Award through the University of the Sunshine Coast. Thanks are extended to SALTAS staff for assistance with fish husbandry and management. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 334 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.12.026 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 911BZ UT WOS:000301693600026 ER PT J AU Chang, YL Oey, LY AF Chang, Y. -L. Oey, L. -Y. TI Why does the Loop Current tend to shed more eddies in summer and winter? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RING SEPARATIONS; CURRENT PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY AB The observed seasonal preferences of Loop Current eddy shedding, more in summer and winter and less in fall and spring, are shown for the first time to be due to a curious combination of forcing by the seasonal winds in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The conditions are favorable for the Loop to shed eddies in summer and winter when strong trade winds in the Caribbean produce large Yucatan transport and Loop's intrusion, and concurrently when weak easterlies in the Gulf offer little impediment to eddy shedding. The conditions are less favorable in fall and spring as the trade winds and Yucatan transport weaken, and the strengthening of the Gulf's easterlies impedes shedding. Citation: Chang, Y.-L., and L.-Y. Oey (2012), Why does the Loop Current tend to shed more eddies in summer and winter?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05605, doi:10.1029/2011GL050773. C1 [Chang, Y. -L.; Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Chang, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu FU Bureau of Offshore Energy Management [M08PC20007]; Portland State U [200MOO206] FX We gratefully acknowledge the supports by the Bureau of Offshore Energy Management contract M08PC20007 and the Portland State U. contract 200MOO206. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L05605 DI 10.1029/2011GL050773 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 908PX UT WOS:000301503600001 ER PT J AU Ko, SH Gallatin, GM Liddle, JA AF Ko, Seung Hyeon Gallatin, Gregg M. Liddle, J. Alexander TI Nanomanufacturing with DNA Origami: Factors Affecting the Kinetics and Yield of Quantum Dot Binding SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE self-assembly; DNA origami; nanopatterns; quantum dots; binding kinetics ID BIOTIN BINDING; STREPTAVIDIN; LIGAND; NANOPARTICLES; SHAPES; AVIDIN; ARRAYS; NANOTUBES; SURFACES; ORIGINS AB Molecularly directed self-assembly has the potential to become a nanomanufacturing technology if the critical factors governing the kinetics and yield of defect-free self-assembled structures can be understood and controlled. The kinetics of streptavidin-functionalized quantum dots binding to biontinylated DNA origami are quantitatively evaluated and to what extent the reaction rate and binding efficiency are controlled by the valency of the binding location, the biotin linker length, and the organization, and spacing of the binding locations on the DNA is shown. Yield improvement is systematically determined as a function of the valency of the binding locations and as a function of the quantum dot spacing. In addition, the kinetic studies show that the binding rate increases with increasing linker length, but that the yield saturates at the same level for long incubation times. The forward and backward reaction rate coefficients are determined using a nonlinear least squares fit to the measured binding kinetics, providing considerable physical insight into the factors governing this type of self-assembly process. It is found that the value of the dissociation constant, Kd, for the DNAnanoparticle complex considered here is up to seven orders of magnitude larger than that of the native biotinstreptavidin complex. This difference is attributed to the combined effect that the much larger size of the DNA origami and the quantum dot have on the translational and rotational diffusion constants. C1 [Ko, Seung Hyeon; Gallatin, Gregg M.; Liddle, J. Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ko, Seung Hyeon] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ko, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 42 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1023 DI 10.1002/adfm.201102077 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 900ZO UT WOS:000300931500014 ER PT J AU Thampy, V Kang, J Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Bao, W Savici, AT Hu, J Liu, TJ Qian, B Fobes, D Mao, ZQ Fu, CB Chen, WC Ye, Q Erwin, RW Gentile, TR Tesanovic, Z Broholm, C AF Thampy, V. Kang, J. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Bao, W. Savici, A. T. Hu, J. Liu, T. J. Qian, B. Fobes, D. Mao, Z. Q. Fu, C. B. Chen, W. C. Ye, Q. Erwin, R. W. Gentile, T. R. Tesanovic, Z. Broholm, C. TI Friedel-Like Oscillations from Interstitial Iron in Superconducting Fe1+yTe0.62Se0.38 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN AB Using polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering, we show that interstitial Fe in superconducting Fe1+yTe1-xSex induces a magnetic Friedel-like oscillation that diffracts at Q(perpendicular to) = (1/2 0) and involves >50 neighboring Fe sites. The interstitial >2 mu(B) moment is surrounded by compensating ferromagnetic fourspin clusters that may seed double stripe ordering in Fe1+yTe. A semimetallic five-band model with (1/2 1/2) Fermi surface nesting and fourfold symmetric superexchange between interstitial Fe and two in-plane nearest neighbors largely accounts for the observed diffraction. C1 [Thampy, V.; Kang, J.; Tesanovic, Z.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thampy, V.; Kang, J.; Tesanovic, Z.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Erwin, R. W.; Broholm, C.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Chen, W. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bao, W.] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Savici, A. T.; Ye, Q.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hu, J.; Liu, T. J.; Qian, B.; Fobes, D.; Mao, Z. Q.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Fu, C. B.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Fu, C. B.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Thampy, V (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; Fobes, David/E-8526-2014; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; 石, 源/D-5929-2012; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012; LIU, TIJIANG/A-3242-2013; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Hu, Jin/C-4141-2014; Fu, Changbo/O-1550-2015; Kang, Jian/C-8571-2016 OI Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; Fobes, David/0000-0001-8252-2061; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Hu, Jin/0000-0003-0080-4239; Kang, Jian/0000-0002-8840-8881 FU DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; NSFC [11034012]; 973 Program [2012CB921700, 2011CBA00112]; NSF [DMR-0645305, DMR-0116585, DMR-0944772]; LA-SiGMA [EPS-1003897]; DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AI02-10-ER46735]; Indiana University [DE-FG02-03ER46093] FX We thank Tyrel McQueen for helpful discussions. Work at IQM was supported by DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. W.B. (Renmin University of China) was supported by NSFC Grant No. 11034012 and 973 Program Grants No. 2012CB921700 and No. 2011CBA00112. Work at Tulane was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0645305 and the LA-SiGMA program under Grant No. EPS-1003897. This work utilized facilities at NIST supported in part by NSF through DMR-0116585 and DMR-0944772. The development and application of neutron spin filters was supported in part by DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-10-ER46735 and Indiana University Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46093. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 10 AR 107002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.107002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 904FT UT WOS:000301180200014 PM 22463442 ER PT J AU Sremba, AL Hancock-Hanser, B Branch, TA LeDuc, RL Baker, CS AF Sremba, Angela L. Hancock-Hanser, Brittany Branch, Trevor A. LeDuc, Rick L. Baker, C. Scott TI Circumpolar Diversity and Geographic Differentiation of mtDNA in the Critically Endangered Antarctic Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA DIVERSITY; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HUMPBACK WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; NORTH PACIFIC; BEAKED-WHALES AB The Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) was hunted to near extinction between 1904 and 1972, declining from an estimated initial abundance of more than 250,000 to fewer than 400. Here, we describe mtDNA control region diversity and geographic differentiation in the surviving population of the Antarctic blue whale, using 218 biopsy samples collected under the auspices of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) during research cruises from 1990-2009. Microsatellite genotypes and mtDNA sequences identified 166 individuals among the 218 samples and documented movement of a small number of individuals, including a female that traveled at least 6,650 km or 131 degrees longitude over four years. mtDNA sequences from the 166 individuals were aligned with published sequences from 17 additional individuals, resolving 52 unique haplotypes from a consensus length of 410 bp. From this minimum census, a rarefaction analysis predicted that only 72 haplotypes (95% CL, 64, 86) have survived in the contemporary population of Antarctic blue whales. However, haplotype diversity was relatively high (0.968 +/- 0.004), perhaps as a result of the longevity of blue whales and the relatively recent timing of the bottleneck. Despite the potential for circumpolar dispersal, we found significant differentiation in mtDNA diversity (F-ST = 0.032, p<0.005) and microsatellite alleles (F-ST = 0.005, p<0.05) among the six Antarctic Areas historically used by the IWC for management of blue whales. C1 [Sremba, Angela L.; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Sremba, Angela L.; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hancock-Hanser, Brittany; LeDuc, Rick L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sremba, AL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Srembaa@onid.orst.edu FU Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center; Marine Mammal Institute FX Funding for this study was provided by the Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center Mamie Markham Research Award and the Marine Mammal Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 53 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR e32579 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0032579 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 929KK UT WOS:000303060800030 PM 22412889 ER PT J AU Draxler, RR Rolph, GD AF Draxler, Roland R. Rolph, Glenn D. TI Evaluation of the Transfer Coefficient Matrix (TCM) approach to model the atmospheric radionuclide air concentrations from Fukushima SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR ACCIDENT; DISPERSION; DEPOSITION; TIME AB A procedure is developed and tested to provide operational plume forecasts in real-time by continuously updating the previous day's simulations as new meteorological data become available. Simulations are divided into smaller time segments and each segment is continued as an independent calculation using a unit source emission. Multiple computational species are tracked at the same time to represent different classes of radionuclides, each with different dry and wet deposition characteristics. When quantitative air concentration results are required, the unit source calculations are multiplied by the appropriate temporally varying emission rates and decay factors for the radionuclide species involved. Air concentrations for multiple emission scenarios can easily be created in a few minutes and used to optimize model results as more measurement data become available. The procedure was evaluated for the Fukushima accident using publically available emission estimates and some I-131 and Cs-137 monitoring data. The model performance was evaluated at four sampling locations (Dutch Harbor, Alaska; Seattle, Washington; Dublin, Ireland; and Huelva, Spain) at various distances from Japan. The model results showed a very high correlation for the I-131 particulate predictions (0.94) and a moderate correlation for the Cs-137 predictions (0.40). The cesium predictions at Seattle showed five distinct time periods of concentration over-predictions associated with two peak emission periods. Adjusting these emission rates downward to correspond more closely with the time-adjacent rates eliminated the over-prediction but resulted in total emissions of Cs-137 (3 PBq) that were much less than estimated by other researchers (36 PBq). C1 [Draxler, Roland R.; Rolph, Glenn D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Draxler, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM roland.draxler@noaa.gov RI Rolph, Glenn/P-6860-2015 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D05107 DI 10.1029/2011JD017205 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908NV UT WOS:000301498000007 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Rozalski, R Jawien, A Migdaski, A Olinski, R Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, Pawel Rozalski, Rafal Jawien, Arkadiusz Migdaski, Arkadiusz Olinski, Ryszard Dizdaroglu, Miral TI DNA Damage Products (5 ' R)- and (5 ' S)-8,5 '-Cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosines as Potential Biomarkers in Human Urine for Atherosclerosis SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXCISION-REPAIR PATHWAY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RISK-FACTOR; HUMAN-CELLS; MECHANISMS; DISEASE; 8-OXO-7,8-DIHYDRO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; 8-OXO-7,8-DIHYDROGUANINE; MORTALITY; LESION AB We hypothesized that DNA damage products (5'R)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (R-cdA) and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (S-cdA) may be well-suited biomarkers of risk and diagnosis for atherosclerosis. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the levels of R-cdA and S-cdA and another product, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), in urine of atherosclerosis patients and healthy individuals using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution. We showed the presence of these products at significantly greater concentrations in urine of atherosclerosis patients than in that of healthy individuals. Our data suggest that R-cdA and S-cdA. cart be accurately and reproducibly measured in human urine as potential biomarkers of risk and diagnosis for atherosclerosis. C1 [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rozalski, Rafal; Olinski, Ryszard] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Jawien, Arkadiusz; Migdaski, Arkadiusz] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Dept Surg, Bydgoszcz, Poland. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI perumal, murugiah/D-1565-2012; Rozalski, Rafal/E-3397-2014; Olinski, Ryszard/E-9607-2014; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 OI Rozalski, Rafal/0000-0003-2067-9981; NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 6 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1822 EP 1824 DI 10.1021/bi201912c PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 902EJ UT WOS:000301021100002 PM 22360777 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Zhou, GL Xing, HLG Seabaugh, AC Xu, K Sio, H Kirillov, OA Richter, CA Nguyen, NV AF Zhang, Qin Zhou, Guangle Xing, Huili G. Seabaugh, Alan C. Xu, Kun Sio, Hong Kirillov, Oleg A. Richter, Curt A. Nguyen, N. V. TI Tunnel field-effect transistor heterojunction band alignment by internal photoemission spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB The electron energy band alignment of a metal-oxide-semiconductor tunnel field-effect transistor heterojunction, W/Al2O3/InGaAs/InAs/InP, is determined by internal photoemission spectroscopy. At the oxide flat-band condition, the barrier height from the top of the InGaAs/InAs valence band and the top of the InP valence band to the bottom of the Al2O3 conduction band is determined to be 3.5 and 2.8 eV, respectively. The simulated energy band diagram of the heterostructure is shown to be consistent with the measured band alignments if an equivalent positive charge of 6.0 x 10(12) cm(-2) is present at the Al2O3/InGaAs. This interface charge is in agreement with previously reported capacitance-voltage measurements. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3692589] C1 [Zhang, Qin; Xu, Kun; Kirillov, Oleg A.; Richter, Curt A.; Nguyen, N. V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Qin; Zhou, Guangle; Xing, Huili G.; Seabaugh, Alan C.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Xu, Kun] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sio, Hong] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nhan.nguyen@nist.gov RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129 FU NIST Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division; Nanoelectronics Research Initiative through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NIST Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division and the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND). The authors would also like to thank the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab Facility for device fabrication support. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 10 AR 102104 DI 10.1063/1.3692589 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 910QL UT WOS:000301655500033 ER PT J AU Takekoshi, T Debatin, M Rameshan, R Ferlaino, F Grimm, R Nagerl, HC Le Sueur, CR Hutson, JM Julienne, PS Kotochigova, S Tiemann, E AF Takekoshi, Tetsu Debatin, Markus Rameshan, Raffael Ferlaino, Francesca Grimm, Rudolf Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph Le Sueur, C. Ruth Hutson, Jeremy M. Julienne, Paul S. Kotochigova, Svetlana Tiemann, Eberhard TI Towards the production of ultracold ground-state RbCs molecules: Feshbach resonances, weakly bound states, and the coupled-channel model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; LOG-DERIVATIVE METHOD; ALKALI-METAL DIMERS; RELAXATION RATES; QUANTUM STATES; FERMI GAS; ATOMS; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; COLLISIONS AB We have studied interspecies scattering in an ultracold mixture of Rb-87 and Cs-133 atoms, both in their lowest-energy spin states. The three-body loss signatures of 30 incoming s- and p-wave magnetic Feshbach resonances over the range 0 to 667 G have been cataloged. Magnetic field modulation spectroscopy was used to observe molecular states bound by up to 2.5 MHz x h. We have created RbCs Feshbach molecules using two of the resonances. Magnetic moment spectroscopy along the magnetoassociation pathway from 197 to 182 G gives results consistent with the observed and calculated dependence of the binding energy on magnetic field strength. We have set up a coupled-channel model of the interaction and have used direct least-squares fitting to refine its parameters to fit the experimental results from the Feshbach molecules, in addition to the Feshbach resonance positions and the spectroscopic results for deeply bound levels. The final model gives a good description of all the experimental results and predicts a large resonance near 790 G, which may be useful for tuning the interspecies scattering properties. Quantum numbers and vibrational wave functions from the model can also be used to choose optimal initial states of Feshbach molecules for their transfer to the rovibronic ground state using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. C1 [Takekoshi, Tetsu; Debatin, Markus; Rameshan, Raffael; Ferlaino, Francesca; Grimm, Rudolf; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Takekoshi, Tetsu; Grimm, Rudolf] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Le Sueur, C. Ruth; Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kotochigova, Svetlana] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Tiemann, Eberhard] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantum Opt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Takekoshi, T (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/E-7329-2010; Grimm, Rudolf/D-2864-2009; Ferlaino, francesca/E-6726-2012; Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/0000-0002-7789-4431; Grimm, Rudolf/0000-0003-1085-5558; Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF); European Science Foundation (ESF) within the EuroQUAM/QuDipMol (FWF) [I124-N16]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-09-1-0588]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, AFOSR MURI [FA9550-09-1-0617]; EOARD [FA8655-10-1-3033]; NSF [PHY 1005453]; QuDipMol; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the cluster of excellence QUEST FX The Innsbruck team acknowledges support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and the European Science Foundation (ESF) within the EuroQUAM/QuDipMol project (FWF Project No. I124-N16) and support by the FWF through the SFB FoQuS (FWF Project No. F4006-N16). The Durham, JQI, and Temple University teams acknowledge support from an AFOSR MURI project on ultracold polar molecules. The Durham and JQI teams acknowledge support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, AFOSR MURI Grant FA9550-09-1-0617, and EOARD Grant FA8655-10-1-3033. Work at Temple University was supported by NSF Grant No. PHY 1005453 and AFOSR MURI Grant FA9550-09-1-0588. The Durham and Hannover teams acknowledge support from the QuDipMol project and the Hannover team also support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the cluster of excellence QUEST. NR 67 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 5 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 AR 032506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.032506 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 903GL UT WOS:000301104400018 ER PT J AU Gerbig, YB Michaels, CA Forster, AM Cook, RF AF Gerbig, Y. B. Michaels, C. A. Forster, A. M. Cook, R. F. TI In situ observation of the indentation-induced phase transformation of silicon thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HIGH-PRESSURE PHASES; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; METASTABLE PHASES; ON-SAPPHIRE; NANOINDENTATION; STRESS; GE; AMORPHIZATION AB Indentation-induced phase transformation processes were studied by in situ Raman microspectroscopy of the deformed contact region of silicon on sapphire samples during contact loading and unloading. During loading, the formation of Si-II and another phase, indentified as the bct5 structure, was observed, thus providing experimental evidence for both the existence of the bct5 phase and the possibility of generating this phase under indentation conditions. The pressure dependence of the Raman phonon frequencies for the bct5 modes was determined. During unloading, the transformation of the bct5 phase into the metastable bc8 (Si-III) and r8 (Si-XII) structures was observed. The measurements indicated that bc8 can form simultaneously with the r8 structure in indentation tests rather than subsequently from r8 in a separate process as previously assumed. C1 [Gerbig, Y. B.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Michaels, C. A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, A. M.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerbig, YB (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 5 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 10 AR 104102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.104102 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 903JF UT WOS:000301111900005 ER PT J AU Bergman, JW Jensen, EJ Pfister, L Yang, Q AF Bergman, John W. Jensen, Eric J. Pfister, Leonhard Yang, Qiong TI Seasonal differences of vertical-transport efficiency in the tropical tropopause layer: On the interplay between tropical deep convection, large-scale vertical ascent, and horizontal circulationes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; ECMWF REANALYSES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SUMMER MONSOON; CLIMATE MODELS AB Winter-summer differences in the transport of air from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere at low latitudes are investigated with ensembles of back trajectory calculations that track parcels from the 380 K isentropic surface to their convective detrainment in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during the winter of 2006-2007 and summer of 2007. Horizontal displacements for the trajectories are calculated from reanalysis data; potential temperature displacements are calculated from radiative heating rates derived from observed cloud, water vapor, ozone, and temperature variations; and the locations' convective detrainments are determined by satellite observations of convective clouds. Weaker upwelling in the TTL during boreal summer compared with that of winter both slows the ascent through the TTL and raises the height threshold that convective detrainment must surpass in order for ascent to occur, restricting the injection of new air into the stratosphere during summer. In addition, anticyclonic circulations associated with convective activity contribute to vertical transport in the TTL by guiding detrained air parcels through regions with the strongest upwelling. These features combine to make monsoon-related convection over the Indian subcontinent the dominant source of new air during summer. In contrast, winter sources are spread over the southern continents and the western Pacific Ocean. These seasonal differences imply that air entering the tropical stratosphere during summer is older but might nevertheless be more polluted than air entering during winter. While poor data sampling in the TTL makes it difficult to validate our results, they are bolstered by favorable comparisons with previous studies of the TTL, by sensitivity tests that reveal important dynamical influences on surface-to-stratospheric transport, and by the robustness of dynamical interactions that systematically associate deep convection with anticyclonic circulations and strong radiative heating in the TTL. Sensitivity experiments suggest that the aforementioned seasonal differences are sensitive to strong "large-scale" (on global space scales and seasonal time scales) perturbations. In particular, uncertainties in the vertical motion fields constrain our ability to draw definitive conclusions. However, trajectory statistics are not sensitive to small-scale perturbations, with the encouraging implication that our results are primarily associated with those features of the circulation that are the most likely to be robust. C1 [Bergman, John W.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Bergman, John W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jensen, Eric J.; Pfister, Leonhard] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Yang, Qiong] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Yang, Qiong] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Bergman, JW (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, 560 3rd St W, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. EM bergman@ucar.edu NR 71 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D05302 DI 10.1029/2011JD016992 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903PP UT WOS:000301130700008 ER PT J AU Niranjan, K Devi, TA Spandana, B Sreekanth, V Madhavan, BL AF Niranjan, K. Devi, T. Anjana Spandana, B. Sreekanth, V. Madhavan, B. L. TI Evidence for control of black carbon and sulfate relative mass concentrations on composite aerosol radiative forcing: Case of a coastal urban area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; SUN PHOTOMETER; MIXING STATE; ACE-ASIA; SOOT; APPORTIONMENT; IMPACTS; CLOUDS; REGION AB Collocated measurements on optical and chemical properties made at a coastal urban location Visakhapatnam on the east coast of India were used to assess the relative contribution of different chemical species to composite aerosol radiative forcing. At such a location, the dominant species that decide the atmospheric forcing are the relative mass fractions of Black Carbon (BC) and sulfate. It is observed that the composite forcing at top of the atmosphere follows the BC mass concentration during all the seasons except for some days. In such cases the hypothesis on the role of mixing state of aerosol in deciding the net aerosol radiative forcing is examined to conclude that the BC either independently or in the internal mixture state during winter months would decide the aerosol composite forcing over this coastal urban location. Though the conditions for the formation of such mixtures and their seasonal dependence however remain unclear, drier weather conditions with abundance of sulfate seem to favor the formation of well mixed aerosol. C1 [Niranjan, K.; Devi, T. Anjana; Spandana, B.; Sreekanth, V.] Andhra Univ, Dept Phys, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Madhavan, B. L.] CUNY City Coll, CREST, NOAA, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Niranjan, K (reprint author), Andhra Univ, Dept Phys, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM niranjankandula@hotmail.com RI Bomidi, Lakshmi Madhavan/C-7265-2011 OI Bomidi, Lakshmi Madhavan/0000-0001-8782-9249 FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; ISRO FX The authors thank M. M. Sarin of Physical Research Lab, Ahmedabad, for providing the chemical analysis data. The back trajectories were produced with HYSPLIT from the NOAA ARL website http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html. Two of the authors (T.A.D. and B.S.) thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, for Senior Research Fellowships. The CALIOP images were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Centre atmospheric science data center. This work is supported by ISRO under the Geosphere Biosphere Programme. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D05205 DI 10.1029/2011JD016752 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903PP UT WOS:000301130700007 ER PT J AU Mahlstein, I Portmann, RW Daniel, JS Solomon, S Knutti, R AF Mahlstein, Irina Portmann, Robert W. Daniel, John S. Solomon, Susan Knutti, Reto TI Perceptible changes in regional precipitation in a future climate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; ATTRIBUTION; PROJECTIONS AB Evidence is strong that the changes observed in the Earth's globally averaged temperature over the past half-century are caused to a large degree by human activities. Efforts to document accompanying precipitation changes in observations have met with limited success, and have been primarily focussed on large-scale regions in order to reduce the relative impact of the natural variability of precipitation as compared to any potential forced change. Studies have not been able to identify statistically significant changes in observed precipitation on small spatial scales. General circulation climate models offer the possibility to extend the analysis of precipitation changes into the future, to determine when simulated changes may emerge from the simulated variability locally as well as regionally. Here we estimate the global temperature increase needed for the precipitation "signal" to emerge from the "noise" of interannual variability within various climatic regions during their wet season. The climatic regions are defined based on cluster analysis. The dry season is not included due to poor model performance as compared to measurements during the observational period. We find that at least a 1.4 degrees C warmer climate compared with the early 20th century is needed for precipitation changes to become statistically significant in any of the analysed climate regions. By the end of this century, it is likely that many land regions will experience statistically significant mean precipitation changes during wet season relative to the early 20th century based on an A1B scenario. Citation: Mahlstein, I., R. W. Portmann, J. S. Daniel, S. Solomon, and R. Knutti (2012), Perceptible changes in regional precipitation in a future climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05701, doi: 10.1029/2011GL050738. C1 [Mahlstein, Irina; Portmann, Robert W.; Daniel, John S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Solomon, Susan] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Knutti, Reto] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Mahlstein, I (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irina.mahlstein@noaa.gov RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008; Mahlstein, Irina/D-5373-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700; NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L05701 DI 10.1029/2011GL050738 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 903OY UT WOS:000301128800004 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Moriarty, PE Salathe, EP AF Harvey, Chris J. Moriarty, Pamela E. Salathe, Eric P., Jr. TI Modeling climate change impacts on overwintering bald eagles SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bald eagles; bioenergetics models; climate change; ecosystems; food webs; predation; regional climate models; salmon; scavenging ID PACIFIC SALMON; MACROINVERTEBRATE COLONIZATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MASS-LOSS; CARCASSES; WASHINGTON; RIVER; SURVIVAL AB Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are recovering from severe population declines, and are exerting pressure on food resources in some areas. Thousands of bald eagles overwinter near Puget Sound, primarily to feed on chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) carcasses. We used modeling techniques to examine how anticipated climate changes will affect energetic demands of overwintering bald eagles. We applied a regional downscaling method to two global climate change models to obtain hourly temperature, precipitation, wind, and longwave radiation estimates at the mouths of three Puget Sound tributaries (the Skagit, Hamma Hamma, and Nisqually rivers) in two decades, the 1970s and the 2050s. Climate data were used to drive bald eagle bioenergetics models from December to February for each river, year, and decade. Bald eagle bioenergetics were insensitive to climate change: despite warmer winters in the 2050s, particularly near the Nisqually River, bald eagle food requirements declined only slightly (<1%). However, the warming climate caused salmon carcasses to decompose more rapidly, resulting in 11% to 14% less annual carcass biomass available to eagles in the 2050s. That estimate is likely conservative, as it does not account for decreased availability of carcasses due to anticipated increases in winter stream flow. Future climate-driven declines in winter food availability, coupled with a growing bald eagle population, may force eagles to seek alternate prey in the Puget Sound area or in more remote ecosystems. C1 [Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moriarty, Pamela E.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Moriarty, Pamela E.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Math, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Salathe, Eric P., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sci & Technol Program, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Salathe, Eric P., Jr.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM chris.harvey@noaa.gov FU NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program; National Science Foundation [ATM0709856] FX Funded by the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program and the National Science Foundation (ATM0709856). NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 2 IS 3 BP 501 EP 514 DI 10.1002/ece3.204 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055UM UT WOS:000312443300003 PM 22822430 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Reipa, V AF Prabhu, Vivek M. Reipa, Vytas TI In situ Electrochemical Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (eSANS) for Quantitative Structure and Redox Properties of Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ZNO PARTICLES; CYTOTOXICITY; STABILITY; TOXICITY; CELLS AB The rapid growth in nanomaterial applications have revealed limitations in available physicochemical characterization methods. An in situ electrochemical small-angle neutron scattering (eSANS) methodology was devised that enables direct measurements of nanomaterial dispersion structure while undergoing reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions at the vitreous carbon electrode. Furthermore, these porous electrodes are amenable to contrast-variant neutron scattering strategies to measure nanoparticle structure and polymer conformation in multicomponent systems. The eSANS method was tested for feasibility by characterizing ZnO nanoparticles in 50 mmol/L NaCl deuterium oxide solution undergoing bulk electrolysis at negative potentials. Irreversible nanoparticle structural changes are observed during the potential cycle. The complete reduction of Zn2+ to Zn-0 nanoparticles is unlikely, but a peak in the characteristic correlation length occurs during the redox bias with reduced average characteristic size. C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work utilized the Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS) facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 646 EP 650 DI 10.1021/jz.300124t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 038QI UT WOS:000311188800004 PM 26286161 ER PT J AU Moser, ML Lee, DS AF Moser, Mary L. Lee, David S. TI FORAGING OVER SARGASSUM BY WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC SEABIRDS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PELAGIC SARGASSUM; FLOATING SARGASSUM; FISHES; CAROLINA; WATERS AB Drifting reefs of Sargassum (a brown alga) are used by a variety of pelagic seabirds in the western Atlantic Ocean. We examined gut contents from 964 individuals of 39 seabird species collected 5 to 60 km off the coast of North Carolina for evidence of Sargassum use. Sargassum pieces or Sargassum-associated prey were found in nine of 10 Procellariiformes species and less frequently among Charadriiformes (12 of 25 species). No Sargassum-associated prey was found in Pelecaniformes examined, but observational data indicated that Atlantic tropicbirds (Phaethon lepturus and P. aethereus) and Masked Boobies (Sula dactylatra) commonly foraged over Sargassum. Four species were considered Sargassum specialists, having frequencies of occurrence >25% and high volumes of Sargassum-associated prey: Audubon's Shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri), Royal Tern (Thalasseus maximus), Bridled Tern (Onychoprion anaethetus), and Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus). Seven species fed in Sargassum to a lesser extent, and nine species had ingested Sargassum pieces, but contained no Sargassum-associated prey. It is likely that other seabird species forage regularly over Sargassum, as our conclusions are based on relatively small sample sizes taken during random sampling in the open ocean. Our conservative analysis and extensive observational data indicate the Sargassum community is critical for feeding for some western North Atlantic seabirds. Degradation of Sargassum habitats by oil development, harvest, and/or ocean acidification would undoubtedly have negative effects on fitness of these birds. Received 22 March 2011. Accepted 7 October 2011. C1 [Moser, Mary L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, David S.] Tortoise Reserve, White Lake, NC 28336 USA. RP Moser, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mary.moser@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Department of the Navy FX We thank S. W. Ross for help with fish identification and for reviewing an early version of this manuscript. H. J. Porter aided in gastropod identification. J. M. Butzerin, T. P. Good, J. C. Haney, W. A. Mackin, R. L. Pitman, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful reviews of this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided in part by the National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Department of the Navy. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 124 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YN UT WOS:000308786100009 ER PT J AU Adams, T Beets, P Parrish, C AF Adams, Thomas Beets, Peter Parrish, Christopher TI Extracting More Data from LiDAR in Forested Areas by Analyzing Waveform Shape SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE waveform LiDAR; leaf area density; Gaussian fitting; deconvolution; Beer-Lambert law; LAD; Weiner deconvolution; forests ID AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER; DECOMPOSITION; ALGORITHMS; TREES; LAI AB Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) in forested areas is used for constructing Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), estimating biomass carbon and timber volume and estimating foliage distribution as an indicator of tree growth and health. All of these purposes are hindered by the inability to distinguish the source of returns as foliage, stems, understorey and the ground except by their relative positions. The ability to separate these returns would improve all analyses significantly. Furthermore, waveform metrics providing information on foliage density could improve forest health and growth estimates. In this study, the potential to use waveform LiDAR was investigated. Aerial waveform LiDAR data were acquired for a New Zealand radiata pine plantation forest, and Leaf Area Density (LAD) was measured in the field. Waveform peaks with a good signal-to-noise ratio were analyzed and each described with a Gaussian peak height, half-height width, and an exponential decay constant. All parameters varied substantially across all surface types, ruling out the potential to determine source characteristics for individual returns, particularly those with a lower signal-to-noise ratio. However, pulses on the ground on average had a greater intensity, decay constant and a narrower peak than returns from coniferous foliage. When spatially averaged, canopy foliage density (measured as LAD) varied significantly, and was found to be most highly correlated with the volume-average exponential decay rate. A simple model based on the Beer-Lambert law is proposed to explain this relationship, and proposes waveform decay rates as a new metric that is less C1 [Adams, Thomas] Metservice, Wellington 6012, New Zealand. [Beets, Peter] New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand. [Parrish, Christopher] NOAA, NGS, JHC CCOM, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Adams, T (reprint author), Metservice, 30 Salamanca Rd, Wellington 6012, New Zealand. EM thomas.adams@metservice.com; peter.beets@scionresearch.com; chris.parrish@noaa.gov FU Scion Capability Fund FX The work in this paper was funded by the Scion Capability Fund and used data collected by the Ministry for the Environment. Many thanks to Nigel Searles from the Ministry for the Environment for use of the data, and to Andrew Dunningham, Jonathan Harrington and David Pont from Scion for their help and knowledge. Particular thanks must also go to New Zealand Aerial Mapping, in particular Tim Farrier, for providing an excellent LiDAR service and for assistance with countless queries and demands. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 682 EP 702 DI 10.3390/rs4030682 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978PO UT WOS:000306756900007 ER PT J AU Courtney, J Buchan, S Cerveny, RS Bessemoulin, P Peterson, TC Torres, JMR Beven, J King, J Trewin, B Rancourt, K AF Courtney, J. Buchan, S. Cerveny, R. S. Bessemoulin, P. Peterson, T. C. Rubiera Torres, J. M. Beven, J. King, J. Trewin, B. Rancourt, K. TI Documentation and verification of the world extreme wind gust record: 113.3 m s(-1) on Barrow Island, Australia, during passage of tropical cyclone Olivia SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper details the event, recording instrumentation, and verification of a new world extreme three-second average wind gust record of 113.3 m s(-1), measured on Barrow Island, Australia, during the passage of tropical cyclone Olivia in April 1996, and the public and media reaction to that verification. This record supersedes the previous extreme of 103.3 m s(-1) measured at the Mount Washington Observatory in New Hampshire, USA, in April 1934. Members of a World Meteorological Organization evaluation committee critically reviewed the data of the Olivia event, determined the Barrow Island wind measurement was valid and established the record. With the announcement of the record, interesting public reaction has occurred and is discussed, as well as the concept of more detailed classification of wind extremes. Although Olivia now holds the record for having the highest wind gust ever measured, this record doesn't imply that Olivia is the most intense cyclone recorded. However, planners should be aware that extreme gusts well above the 'typical' gusts quoted on the intensity scale are possible for tropical cyclones, particularly for category 4 and 5 tropical cyclones. C1 [Courtney, J.; Trewin, B.] Bur Meteorol, Perth, WA 6872, Australia. [Cerveny, R. S.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Peterson, T. C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Courtney, J (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, POB 1370, Perth, WA 6872, Australia. EM j.courtney@bom.gov.au NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 972RI UT WOS:000306297200001 ER PT J AU Wang, WG AF Wang, Weiguo TI An Analytical Model for Mean Wind Profiles in Sparse Canopies SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Analytical wind model; Canopy drag; Canopy flow; Urban canopy; Vegetative canopy ID PLANT CANOPIES; MOMENTUM ABSORPTION; ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS; 2ND-ORDER CLOSURE; TURBULENT-FLOW; URBAN CANOPY; VEGETATION; TUNNEL; LAYER; STATISTICS AB Existing analytical models for mean wind profiles within canopies are applicable only in dense canopy scenarios, where all momentum is absorbed by canopy elements and, hence, the effect of the ground on turbulent mixing is not important. Here, we propose a new analytical model that can simulate mean wind profiles within sparse canopies under neutral conditions. The model adopts a linearized canopy-drag parametrization and a first-order turbulence closure scheme taking into account the effects of both the ground and canopy elements on turbulent mixing. The resulting wind profile within a sparser canopy appears to be more like a logarithmic form, with the no-slip condition at the ground being satisfied. The analytical solution converges exactly to the standard surface-layer logarithmic wind profile in the case of zero canopy density (i.e., no-canopy scenario) and tends to be an exponential wind profile for a dense canopy; this feature is unique compared with existing analytical models for canopy wind profiles. Results from the new model are in good agreement with those from laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. C1 IMSG NCEP NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), IMSG NCEP NOAA, 5200 Auth Rd 201, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wang_wg@yahoo.com RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039] FX The author wishes to thank Dr. Chuixiang Yi and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. Special thanks are due to one anonymous reviewer who helped with the linearized canopy-drag parametrization. This work is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 41075039. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 142 IS 3 BP 383 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9687-0 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 968ID UT WOS:000305970300003 ER PT J AU Lopez-Romero, JM Lombardi, MA Diaz-Munoz, N AF Lopez-Romero, J. M. Lombardi, M. A. Diaz-Munoz, N. TI Automated Clock Comparisons and Time Scale Generation in the SIM Region SO MAPAN-JOURNAL OF METROLOGY SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Article DE International comparisons; Time; Time scales; Time transfer AB The second, the base unit of time interval in the International System, is defined in terms of the two hyperfine states of the Cesium atom ground-state energy level. This definition has so far served the metrology community well, and the uncertainty of the best realization of the second has improved by a rate of about one order of magnitude per decade over the past 50 years, reaching a current level of a few parts in 10(16) [1]. This continual reduction in uncertainty has increased the level of performance expected from both time and frequency transfer systems and from the time standards maintained by national metrology institutes (NMIs). During recent years, an automated time comparison network has been developed within the Sistema Interamericano de Metrologia (SIM), a regional metrology organization. The SIM Time Network (SIMTN) allows NMIs to compare their time scales via the Global Positioning System common-view and all-in-view time transfer techniques, and makes results available through the Internet in near real time [2]. The SIMTN has proven to be robust and reliable, and the uncertainty of its comparisons is similar to the uncertainty of the key comparisons published by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in its monthly Circular T document. The large number of geographically dispersed clocks measured by the SIMTN made it attractive to develop a SIM time scale (SIMT), which is computed in near real time and immediately made available to the general public via the Internet. This rapid computation allows contributing laboratories to easily monitor their time scales, and to quickly detect short term fluctuations in stability and accuracy. This paper discusses both the SIMTN and the SIMT, focusing primarily on the SIMT algorithm and the results of its performance. C1 [Lopez-Romero, J. M.; Diaz-Munoz, N.] CENAM, Ctr Nacl Metrol, Div Time & Frequency, Queretaro, Mexico. [Lombardi, M. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lopez-Romero, JM (reprint author), CENAM, Ctr Nacl Metrol, Div Time & Frequency, Queretaro, Mexico. EM jlopez@cenam.mx NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU METROLOGY SOC INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA NPL PREMISES, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI, 110 012, INDIA SN 0970-3950 J9 MAPAN-J METROL SOC I JI MAPAN-J. Metrol. Soc. India PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s12647-012-0002-4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945WD UT WOS:000304306200008 ER PT J AU O'Toole, AJ Phillips, PJ An, XB Dunlop, J AF O'Toole, Alice J. Phillips, P. Jonathon An, Xiaobo Dunlop, Joseph TI Demographic effects on estimates of automatic face recognition performance SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition CY MAR 21-25, 2011 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP IEEE DE Face recognition; Algorithm evaluation; Demographics ID RACE; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; OWN AB The intended applications of automatic face recognition systems include venues that vary widely in demographic diversity. Formal evaluations of algorithms do not commonly consider the effects of population diversity on performance. We document the effects of racial and gender demographics on estimates of the accuracy of algorithms that match identity in pairs of face images. In particular, we focus on the effects of the "background" population distribution of non-matched identities against which identity matches are compared. The algorithm we tested was created by fusing three of the top performers from a recent US Government competition. First, we demonstrate the variability of algorithm performance estimates when the population of non-matched identities was demographically "yoked" by race and/or gender (i.e., "yoking" constrains non-matched pairs to be of the same race or gender). We also report differences in the match threshold required to obtain a false alarm rate of .001 when demographic controls on the non-matched identity pairs varied. In a second experiment, we explored the effect on algorithm performance of progressively increasing population diversity. We found systematic, but non-general, effects when the balance between majority and minority populations of non-matched identities shifted. Third, we show that identity match accuracy differs substantially when the non-match identity population varied by race. Finally, we demonstrate the impact on performance when the non-match distribution consists of faces chosen to resemble a target face. The results from all experiments indicate the importance of the demographic composition and modeling of the background population in predicting the accuracy of face recognition algorithms. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Toole, Alice J.; An, Xiaobo; Dunlop, Joseph] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Toole, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM otoole@utdallas.edu NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2011.12.007 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA 944EB UT WOS:000304181000005 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Beveridge, JR Draper, BA Givens, G O'Toole, AJ Bolme, D Dunlop, J Lui, YM Sahibzada, H Weimer, S AF Phillips, P. Jonathon Beveridge, J. Ross Draper, Bruce A. Givens, Geof O'Toole, Alice J. Bolme, David Dunlop, Joseph Lui, Yui Man Sahibzada, Hassan Weimer, Samuel TI The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Face Challenge Problem SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition CY MAR 21-25, 2011 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP IEEE DE Face recognition; Challenge problem ID RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS AB The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Face Challenge Problem was created to encourage the development of algorithms that are robust to recognition across changes that occur in still frontal faces. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly consists of three partitions. The Good partition contains pairs of images that are considered easy to recognize. The base verification rate (VR) is 0.98 at a false accept rate (FAR) of 0.001. The Bad partition contains pairs of images of average difficulty to recognize. For the Bad partition, the VR is 0.80 at a FAR of 0.001. The Ugly partition contains pairs of images considered difficult to recognize, with a VR of 0.15 at a FAR of 0.001. The base performance is from fusing the output of three of the top performers in the FRVT 2006. The design of the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly controls for posevariation, subject aging, and subject "recognizability." Subject recognizability is controlled by having the same number of images of each subject in every partition. This implies that the differences in performance among the partitions are a result of how a face is presented in each image. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Phillips, P. Jonathon; Sahibzada, Hassan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Beveridge, J. Ross; Draper, Bruce A.; Givens, Geof; Bolme, David; Lui, Yui Man] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO USA. [O'Toole, Alice J.; Dunlop, Joseph; Weimer, Samuel] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon@nist.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2012.01.004 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA 944EB UT WOS:000304181000006 ER PT J AU Maity, S Jannasch, A Adamec, J Gribskov, M Nalepa, T Hook, TO Sepulveda, MS AF Maity, Suman Jannasch, Amber Adamec, Jiri Gribskov, Michael Nalepa, Thomas Hoeoek, Tomas O. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI METABOLITE PROFILES IN STARVED DIPOREIA SPP. USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS) BASED METABOLOMICS SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diporeia; Great Lakes environment; lipids; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; metabolomics; starvation ID PONTOPOREIA-AFFINIS LINDSTROM; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; MACROBRACHIUM-ROSENBERGII; PLANT METABOLOMICS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; PENAEUS-MONODON; LIPID-CONTENT AB The holarctic amphipod Diporeia spp. was historically the most abundant benthic macroinvertebrate in the offshore region of the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. However, since the 1990's, the numbers of Diporeia have declined precipitously throughout the region. Competition for food with introduced dreissenid mussels may be partly to blame for this decline. Thus, a better understanding of how Diporeia responds and adjust to starvation is needed. For this purpose, we used liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) to study the metabolite profiles of Diporeia during starvation. Diporeia were collected from Lake Michigan, brought to the laboratory and starved for up to 60 days. During the starvation period, metabolite levels were determined at 12-day intervals and compared to those of day 0. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed differential abundance of metabolite profiles across groups. Significantly down-regulated metabolites included polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and amino acids and their derivatives. Overall, starved organisms relied predominantly on glycerophospolipid metabolism and protein based catabolism for energy production. This research demonstrates that LC-MS based metabolomics can be used to assess physiological status and has shown that unique metabolite profiles are distinguishable over several weeks of starvation in this freshwater amphipod. More importantly, these unique metabolites could be used to gain insights into the underlying cause(s) of Diporeia's decline in the Laurentian Great Lakes. C1 [Maity, Suman; Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jannasch, Amber] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gribskov, Michael] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Maity, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014; OI Gribskov, Michael/0000-0002-1718-0242 FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [2008.886] FX Support for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (Grant 2008.886). We would also like to thank Dave Fanslow and the crew of the R/V "The Laurentian" for helping us during the collection of live samples, Kimberly Ralston-Hooper for sharing her experience of setting up the experiments during the initial phase, and Payel Acharya for providing valuable suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1163/193724011X615578 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 935AO UT WOS:000303489500009 ER PT J AU Castellote, M Clark, CW Lammers, MO AF Castellote, Manuel Clark, Christopher W. Lammers, Marc O. TI Acoustic and behavioural changes by fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in response to shipping and airgun noise SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Acoustic communication; Background noise; Masking; Seismic survey noise; Ship noise; Spatial displacement ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; AMBIENT NOISE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; OCEAN; WEST; TERM AB Non-lethal behavioural effects of underwater noise in marine mammals are difficult to measure. Here we report acoustic and behavioural changes by fin whales in response to two different types of anthropogenic noise: shipping and airgun noise. Acoustic features of fin whale 20-Hz song notes recorded in the Mediterranean Sea and Northeast Atlantic Ocean were compared for areas with different shipping noise levels, different traffic intensities in the Strait of Gibraltar and during a seismic airgun array survey. In high noise conditions 20-Hz note duration shortened, bandwidth decreased, centre frequency decreased and peak frequency decreased. Similar results were obtained in 20-Hz song notes recorded during a 10-day seismic survey. During the first 72 h of the survey, a steady decrease in song received levels and bearings to singers indicated that whales moved away from the airgun array source and out of our detection area, and this displacement persisted for a time period well beyond the 10-day duration of seismic airgun activity. This study provides evidence that male fin whales from two different subpopulations modify song characteristics under increased background noise conditions, and that under seismic airgun activity conditions they leave an area for an extended period. We hypothesize that fin whale acoustic communication is modified to compensate for increased background noise and that a sensitization process may play a role in the observed temporary displacement. The observed acoustic and behavioural changes of this endangered species are discussed in the context of reproduction success and population survival. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Castellote, Manuel] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Psicobiol, UCM Grp Study Anim & Human Behav Gecah, Madrid 28223, Spain. [Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Castellote, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,F-AKC3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM manuel.castellote@noaa.gov; cwc2@cornell.edu; lammers@hawaii.edu FU La Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias S.A.; Generalitat Valenciana; Parques Reunidos Valencia S.A.; Centro de Recuperacion de Animales Marinos (CRAM); Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Comunidad Valenciana; Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucia; FEDER; FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/MAR/74071/2006]; FCT-MCTES; DRCT-Azores FX Special thanks to Prof. Fernando Colmenares for his supervision of M.C.'s PhD thesis. We are grateful to Dr. Monica Silva and Irma Casao (Institute of Marine Research/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores) for providing acoustic data from the Azores and to Dr. Sophie Laran (Centre de Recherche sur les Cetaces - Marineland) for providing acoustic data from the Provencal basin. Noise levels were calculated with the custom Matlab code "LT_Spectrogram Tool" written by Kathy Kortopassi (Cornell BRP) and bearings from fin whale song notes were obtained with the Matlab code "ISRAT_LT" written by Ildar Urazghildiiev (Cornell BRP). Prof. Jose Diaz (U. Complutense de Madrid) supervised statistical analyses and added valuable comments to this work. Dr. Jose Maria Cortes (SIDMAR S.A.) supervised and contributed to the design and construction of the mooring lines. Permits to deploy acoustic instruments within Spanish Marine Protected Areas were granted by Secretaria General del Mar. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente for field work made in Reserva Marina de las Islas Columbretes and Reserva Marina de la Isla de Alboran. Funding and logistic support was received from La Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias S.A., Generalitat Valenciana, Parques Reunidos Valencia S.A., Centro de Recuperacion de Animales Marinos (CRAM), Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Comunidad Valenciana and Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucia. Field work and data collection in the Azores was funded by FEDER funds, through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme COMPETE, and by national funds, through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, under project TRACE (PTDC/MAR/74071/2006). IMAR-DOP/UAc is the R&D Unit #531 and part of the Associated Laboratory #9 (ISR) funded through the pluri-annual and programmatic funding schemes of FCT-MCTES and DRCT-Azores. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 9 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 147 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.021 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928HB UT WOS:000302972700015 ER PT J AU Allain, V Nicol, S Polovina, J Coll, M Olson, R Griffiths, S Dambacher, J Young, J Molina, JJ Hoyle, S Lawson, T AF Allain, Valerie Nicol, Simon Polovina, Jeffrey Coll, Marta Olson, Robert Griffiths, Shane Dambacher, Jeffrey Young, Jock Molina, Jesus Jurado Hoyle, Simon Lawson, Tim TI International workshop on opportunities for ecosystem approaches to fisheries management in the Pacific Ocean tuna fisheries SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review C1 [Allain, Valerie; Nicol, Simon; Molina, Jesus Jurado; Hoyle, Simon; Lawson, Tim] Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Polovina, Jeffrey] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Coll, Marta] Inst Ciencias Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Olson, Robert] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Griffiths, Shane] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Dambacher, Jeffrey; Young, Jock] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Allain, V (reprint author), Secretariat Pacific Community, BPD5-98848, Noumea, New Caledonia. EM valeriea@spc.int RI Coll, Marta/A-9488-2012 OI Coll, Marta/0000-0001-6235-5868 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s11160-011-9220-z PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 940NA UT WOS:000303895100004 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RE Banks, MA Jacobson, KC AF Baldwin, Rebecca E. Banks, Michael A. Jacobson, Kym C. TI Integrating fish and parasite data as a holistic solution for identifying the elusive stock structure of Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax) SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Pacific sardine; Fish stock identity; Fisheries; Parasite biological tag ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; MACKEREL TRACHURUS-TRACHURUS; ATLANTIC HORSE MACKEREL; DEEP-WATER REDFISH; COD GADUS-MORHUA; BIOLOGICAL TAGS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CALIFORNIA SARDINE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AB There is an urgent need to clarify how different stocks, or subpopulations of fish species, are vulnerable to fishing pressure and unfavorable ocean conditions because of the increasing demand on fisheries for human consumption. For marine fishes, the potential for high gene flow increases the difficulty in determining the number of subpopulations managed in a specific fishery. Although the use of molecular data has become a common method in the past 15 years to identify fish subpopulations, no single technique or suite of techniques has been established for fish stock structure studies. We review the use of fish morphometrics, artificial tags, fish genetics, parasite genetics, and parasites as biological tags to identify subpopulations of marine fishes with a focus on the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) fishery off the west coast of North America. We suggest an integration of fish-and parasite-based techniques for future stock structure studies, particularly for pelagic fish species whose stock structure can be elusive. An integration of techniques may also resolve fish stock structure over small geographic areas by increasing the number of spatial and temporal scales studied simultaneously leading to methods for successful management of marine fish species. C1 [Baldwin, Rebecca E.; Banks, Michael A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Banks, Michael A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Jacobson, Kym C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Baldwin, RE (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada. EM rebaldwi@ualberta.ca FU OSU-NOAA Cooperative Institute [NA17RJ1362]; BPA [1998-014-00]; Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station FX We would like to thank R. Emmett, M. Blouin, V. Lesser, J. Bolte, E. Casillas, J. Scheurer, and J. Butzen for providing comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was supported through OSU-NOAA Cooperative Institute award #NA17RJ1362, BPA award #1998-014-00 and the Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station. NR 192 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 137 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s11160-011-9227-5 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 940NA UT WOS:000303895100009 ER PT J AU van Hooidonk, R Huber, M AF van Hooidonk, R. Huber, M. TI Effects of modeled tropical sea surface temperature variability on coral reef bleaching predictions SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Coral bleaching; Climate change; Coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; THERMAL TOLERANCE; SEASONAL CYCLE; IN-SITU; OCEAN; FUTURE; ADAPTATION; STRESS AB Future widespread coral bleaching and subsequent mortality has been projected using sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from global, coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs). While these models possess fidelity in reproducing many aspects of climate, they vary in their ability to correctly capture such parameters as the tropical ocean seasonal cycle and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. Such weaknesses most likely reduce the accuracy of predicting coral bleaching, but little attention has been paid to the important issue of understanding potential errors and biases, the interaction of these biases with trends, and their propagation in predictions. To analyze the relative importance of various types of model errors and biases in predicting coral bleaching, various intra-and inter-annual frequency bands of observed SSTs were replaced with those frequencies from 24 GCMs 20th century simulations included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th assessment report. Subsequent thermal stress was calculated and predictions of bleaching were made. These predictions were compared with observations of coral bleaching in the period 1982-2007 to calculate accuracy using an objective measure of forecast quality, the Peirce skill score (PSS). Major findings are that: (1) predictions are most sensitive to the seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability in the ENSO 24-60 months frequency band and (2) because models tend to understate the seasonal cycle at reef locations, they systematically underestimate future bleaching. The methodology we describe can be used to improve the accuracy of bleaching predictions by characterizing the errors and uncertainties involved in the predictions. C1 [van Hooidonk, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Huber, M.] Purdue Univ, PCCRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP van Hooidonk, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ruben.van.hooidonk@noaa.gov RI Huber, Matthew/A-7677-2008; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI Huber, Matthew/0000-0002-2771-9977; van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU NCAR; National Academies of Science, National Research Council FX The authors acknowledge Information Technology at Purdue (ITAP) for computing support and NCAR for the development and support of NCL. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model data set. Support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. R. van Hooidonk was funded by a Research Associateship from the National Academies of Science, National Research Council. The comments of three anonymous reviewers helped make this a better paper. This is PCCRC paper number 1112. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s00338-011-0825-4 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934NB UT WOS:000303449900013 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Saleh, J Li, X Roman, DR AF Wang, Y. M. Saleh, J. Li, X. Roman, D. R. TI The US Gravimetric Geoid of 2009 (USGG2009): model development and evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Gravimetric geoid; Gravity anomaly; Helmert condensation; Terrain correction; Harmonic continuation ID DOWNWARD CONTINUATION; STOKES-FORMULA; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE; FIELD AB A new gravimetric geoid model, USGG2009 (see Abbreviations), has been developed for the United States and its territories including the Conterminous US (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. USGG2009 is based on a 1' x 1' gravity grid derived from the NGS surface gravity data and the DNSC08 altimetry-derived anomalies, the SRTM-DTED1 3 '' DEM for its topographic reductions, and the global geopotentialmodel EGM08 as a reference model. USGG2009 geoid heights are compared with control values determined at 18,398 Bench Marks over CONUS, where both the ellipsoidal height above NAD 83 and the Helmert orthometric height above NAVD 88 are known. Correcting for the ellipsoidal datum difference, this permits a comparison of the geoid heights to independent data. The standard deviation of the differences is 6.3 cm in contrast to 8.4 cm for its immediate predecessor-USGG2003. To minimize the effect of long-wavelength errors that are known to exist in NAVD88, these comparisons were made on a state-by-state basis. The standard deviations of the differences range from 3-5 cm in eastern states to about 6-9 cm in the more mountainous western states. If the GPS/Bench Marks-derived geoid heights are corrected by removing a GRACE-derived estimate of the long-wavelength NAVD88 errors before the comparison, the standard deviation of their differences from USGG2009 drops to 4.3 cm nationally and 2-4 cm in eastern states and 4-8 in states with a maximum error of 26.4 cm in California and minimum of -32.1 cm in Washington. USGG2009 is also compared with geoid heights derived from 40 tide-gauges and a physical dynamic ocean topography model in the Gulf of Mexico; the mean of the differences is 3.3 cm and their standard deviation is 5.0 cm. When USGG2009-derived deflections of the vertical are compared with 3,415 observed surface astro-geodetic deflections, the standard deviation of the differences in the N-S and E-W components are 0.87 '' and 0.94 '', respectively. C1 [Wang, Y. M.; Roman, D. R.] Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Saleh, J.; Li, X.] ERT Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Yan.Wang@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD MAR PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s00190-011-0506-7 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 934OV UT WOS:000303454600001 ER PT J AU Boldt, JL Bartkiw, SC Livingston, PA Hoff, GR Walters, GE AF Boldt, Jennifer L. Bartkiw, Shannon C. Livingston, Pat A. Hoff, Gerald R. Walters, Gary E. TI Investigation of Fishing and Climate Effects on the Community Size Spectra of Eastern Bering Sea Fish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-SEA; REGIME SHIFTS; SCOTIAN SHELF; ECOSYSTEM; DIVERSITY; INDICATORS; ASSEMBLAGES; RECRUITMENT; DOMINANCE; FISHERIES AB The eastern Bering Sea (EBS) is a highly productive subarctic marine ecosystem that is exposed to considerable climate variability and is noted for conservative management of its fishery resources. The community size spectrum (CSS; relationship between animal abundance and size) of fish captured in EBS shelf bottom trawl surveys was examined for evidence of change over time and fishing and climate effects. The slope (indicative of fish size) and height (indicative of ecosystem productivity, or essentially fish abundance) of the CSS can change due to changes in fishing intensity and climate variability. Linear trends were not observed in EBS groundfish size or abundance during 1982-2006. The abundance of large-sized fish increased in 2001-2006 relative to 1982-2000. Observed changes in CSS height partially corroborated evidence for decreased productivity of the main fishery target species since the late 1990s, which may have been due to changes in relative species composition. In addition, abundance and size composition of nontarget fish decreased during 1982-2006, possibly related to changes in water temperature. In contrast, however, the size and productivity of fish that were primarily bycatch species increased during 1982-2006. Unlike in other ecosystems, changes in CSS slopes and heights for the EBS were not related to exploitation rates. Changes in the abundance of fish in areas that were normally occupied by cold bottom water (northwest inner and middle shelf) may have been related to the effects of temperature on fish distribution. C1 [Boldt, Jennifer L.; Bartkiw, Shannon C.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Livingston, Pat A.; Hoff, Gerald R.; Walters, Gary E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Boldt, JL (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM jennifer.boldt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Fisheries and the Environment; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO); JISAO under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; JISAO under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank the following people for providing support, reviews, or data for this manuscript: C. Rooper, J. Olson, K. Aydin, O. Ormseth, and B. Lauth (NMFS); F. Mueter (University of Alaska Fairbanks); J. Rice (Fisheries and Oceans Canada); and two anonymous reviewers. We are grateful to all scientists and crew who have collected bottom trawl survey data over the years. We also thank our funding sources: Fisheries and the Environment; and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). This publication was partially funded by JISAO under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, Contribution Number 1885. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 327 EP 342 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.662205 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400007 ER PT J AU Sandford, BP Zabel, RW Gilbreath, LG Smith, SG AF Sandford, Benjamin P. Zabel, Richard W. Gilbreath, Lyle G. Smith, Steven G. TI Exploring Latent Mortality of Juvenile Salmonids Related to Migration through the Columbia River Hydropower System SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; DELAYED MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; STEELHEAD; BASIN AB The ability to manage anthropogenic actions that affect the dynamics of animal populations requires the identification and understanding of life-stage-specific mortality. This understanding can be confounded when the expression of mortality is removed, in time or space, from its cause. For years, researchers studying endangered Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have debated the magnitude of mortality that is related to-but expressed after-passage through the Snake and Columbia River hydropower system ("latent" mortality). We conducted experiments with Chinook salmon to assess the magnitude of latent mortality from two sources: passage through juvenile bypass structures at dams, and transportation with larger juvenile steelhead O. mykiss present in the barge holds. Nearly 129,000 juvenile Chinook salmon (passive integrated transponder tagged) were exposed to different treatment conditions during downstream migration. Study fish were then held in seawater tanks for up to 223 d, and time to mortality was noted for each individual that died. We analyzed survival patterns by using statistical procedures for time-to-event data (i.e., survival analysis). Differential survival between treatment groups was taken to indicate latent mortality caused by the specific treatment. We used a nonparametric Kaplan-Meier analysis to visualize survival patterns and a parametric logistic regression analysis to model the effects of multiple factors. Chinook salmon that were transported with steelhead had significantly lower survival than those that were transported alone. However, there was little evidence for differential latent mortality between Chinook salmon that were not detected at the bypass systems of five dams along the migration route and those that were detected at two to five bypass systems. Our application of survival analyses to individuals subjected to various treatments and held for extended periods produced an effective combination that can be used to test for latent mortality; these results may serve as an initial assessment for further conservation investigations and as a guide to more-targeted research. C1 [Sandford, Benjamin P.; Zabel, Richard W.; Gilbreath, Lyle G.; Smith, Steven G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Sandford, BP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ben.sandford@noaa.gov RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015 OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District FX We thank John Williams and Joanne Butzerin for critical reviews of an earlier draft; Gene Mathews for his contributions to the study design; and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.664601 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400008 ER PT J AU Enders, EC Gessel, MH Anderson, JJ Williams, JG AF Enders, Eva C. Gessel, Michael H. Anderson, James J. Williams, John G. TI Effects of Decelerating and Accelerating Flows on Juvenile Salmonid Behavior SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LATERAL-LINE; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; PASSAGE; DIRECTION; TURBINES; SMOLTS; RIVER AB Migratory and resident fish species have evolved inherent flight responses to avoid potentially harmful situations. At many dams, fish screens or other structures have been installed to guide fish away from turbines or attract them to routes that will result in higher survival. Avoidance responses of fish to rapidly decelerating and accelerating flows at these structures have been repeatedly observed and can result in ineffective fish guidance. By using controlled flume experiments, we analyzed the avoidance behavior of actively migrating spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha smolts in relation to flow decelerations and accelerations. As smolts drifted into areas with decreasing velocities, they actively swam into the current; the larger was the change in water velocity with distance (spatial velocity gradient [SVG]), the faster was the swimming speed exhibited by smolts. Under accelerating flows, the response velocity varied significantly with flow conditions, but the median SVG at which smolts displayed an avoidance response was similar over all flows tested. For both decelerating and accelerating flows, the avoidance response occurred at an SVG of approximately 1 cm.s(-1).cm(-1). We suggest that this threshold is in part fixed by the energetically optimum swimming speed of the fish (similar to 1 body length/s). C1 [Enders, Eva C.; Gessel, Michael H.; Williams, John G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anderson, James J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Enders, EC (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. EM eva.enders@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU National Research Council; Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the NOAA Pasco Field Station staff, particularly Jim Simonson for valuable assistance in the experimental design and Ed Zapel for preparing the flow figures. Major funding for the study was provided by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; E.C.E. was supported by a National Research Council Associateship Award. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.664604 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400010 ER PT J AU Gharrett, AJ Riley, RJ Spencer, PD AF Gharrett, Anthony J. Riley, Rachel J. Spencer, Paul D. TI Genetic Analysis Reveals Restricted Dispersal of Northern Rockfish along the Continental Margin of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; LIMITED LARVAL DISPERSAL; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SEBASTES-RASTRELLIGER; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GRASS ROCKFISH; F-STATISTICS; SOFTWARE; DIFFERENTIATION; DISTANCE AB The effective conservation and management of a species require knowledge of its population structure and life history. Fish that are mobile, long-lived, and abundant and that have pelagic larvae are often presumed to disperse over large geographic areas. However, if the individuals of such a species have limited dispersal, spatial scale must be considered when developing management plans. The economically and ecologically important northern rockfish Sebastes polyspinis, which is most abundant along the continental margin of the Aleutian Islands, has the potential to disperse widely during its life. The population genetic structure of a species provides a window into its demographic structure. Consequently, the variation at 11 microsatellite loci was used to characterize the geographic structure and connectivity of northern rockfish collected in 2004 along the continental margin of the Bering Sea slope and the Aleutian Islands. Significant genetic structure (F-ST = 0.0017) was detected, and a significant isolation-by-distance relationship indicated that there is limited lifetime dispersal (on the order of 100-200 km), which is much smaller than the scales used for sampling and management. In addition, the genetic divergence along the area sampled suggests decreased gene flow at Amchitka Pass and between the eastern Bering Sea and eastern Aleutian Islands. C1 [Gharrett, Anthony J.; Riley, Rachel J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gharrett, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM a.gharrett@alaska.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research; NOAA [NA17RJ1224] FX We are indebted to the staff of Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division for collecting the genetic samples during the 2004 trawl surveys. This publication is the result in part of research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research with funds from NOAA under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1224 with the University of Alaska. References to trade names do not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 370 EP 382 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.662419 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400012 ER PT J AU Marsh, JM Hillgruber, N Foy, RJ AF Marsh, Jennifer M. Hillgruber, Nicola Foy, Robert J. TI Temporal and Ontogenetic Variability in Trophic Role of Four Groundfish Species-Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, Arrowtooth Flounder, and Pacific Halibut-around Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; SEA FISH COMMUNITY; MARINE FOOD WEBS; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; NORTHERN GULF; BERING-SEA; HIPPOGLOSSUS-STENOLEPIS; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ATHERESTHES STOMIAS; ADJACENT WATERS AB Changes in trophic position estimates of commercial fishery catches are used as an ecosystem-based indicator for sustainability, but often these estimates do not incorporate species-specific seasonal feeding dynamics and ontogenetic diet changes. Using stable isotope analysis, we obtained a fine-scale resolution of ontogenetic and temporal (interannual and seasonal) variations in the trophic roles of four commercially and ecologically important groundfish species in the Gulf of Alaska: walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias, and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis. For each groundfish taxon, the nitrogen stable isotope signature (delta N-15) increased with total length. In contrast, the lipid-normalized carbon stable isotope signature (delta C-13') significantly varied with size-class only for walleye pollock. There were species-specific differences in trophic position; adult Pacific cod fed at the highest trophic position, and walleye pollock fed at the lowest trophic position. Walleye pollock also had the lowest delta C-13', indicating a mainly pelagic diet, while Pacific halibut and Pacific cod had the highest delta C-13', indicating a mostly benthic diet. Interannual differences in trophic position were detected for each species. Pacific cod, arrowtooth flounder, and Pacific halibut fed at a significantly lower trophic position in 2003 than in 2001, 2002, or 2004. All species had a significantly lower average delta C-13' (i.e., a more benthic diet) in 2001 and a higher average delta C-13' (a more pelagic diet) in 2003. Pacific cod, Pacific halibut, and walleye pollock had a significantly more pelagic diet in the summer. Walleye pollock, arrowtooth flounder, and Pacific halibut showed a significantly more benthic diet in the fall, which probably corresponded with their seasonal migrations. Temporal variations in stable isotope signatures were observed but were relatively small (<1.25 parts per thousand). Length-based ontogenetic diet shifts, however, were much larger (up to 6 parts per thousand) and must be considered when trophic position is used as an ecosystem indicator of sustainability. C1 [Marsh, Jennifer M.; Hillgruber, Nicola] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Foy, Robert J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Marsh, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jennifer.m.marsh@gmail.com FU Gulf Apex Predator-Prey Study (NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service); Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center (University of Alaska Fairbanks) FX We thank all those who aided in the collection and processing of the fish samples, including Lei Guo, Mike Trussell, and the captain and crew of the FV Laura; Gordon Kruse, Matthew Wooller, and Alexander Andrews for their helpful suggestions on earlier drafts; Franz Mueter for statistical advice; and Norma Haubenstock and Tim Howe (Alaska Stable Isotope Facility) for processing the samples. This work was funded through the Gulf Apex Predator-Prey Study (NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service) and by the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center (University of Alaska Fairbanks). The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 141 IS 2 BP 468 EP 486 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.667042 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936MB UT WOS:000303593400020 ER PT J AU Boroujerdi, AFB Jones, SS Bearden, DW AF Boroujerdi, A. F. B. Jones, S. S. Bearden, D. W. TI NMR analysis of metabolic responses to extreme conditions of the temperature-dependent coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE markers; metabolic processes; metabolism; metabolomics; stress response ID POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; CROTONIC ACID; MICROORGANISMS; DATABASE; DIMERS AB Aims: To identify and understand the presence of metabolites responsible for the variation in the metabolic profile of Vibrio coralliilyticus under extreme conditions. Methods and Results: Multiple batches of V, coralliilytims were grown under normal conditions. Four samples in one batch were subjected to extreme conditions via a freeze-thaw cycle during lyophilization. Polar metabolites were extracted using a combination of methanol, water and heat. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic profiles indicated significant differences between the normal and stressed samples. Three compounds identified in the stressed metabolome Were maltose, ethanolamine, and the bioplastic-type compound (BTC) 2-butenoic acid, 2-carboxy-1-methylethyl ester. This is the first report of the production of this BTC by V. coralliilyticus. Conclusions: The presence of maltose and ethanolamine indicates a state of acute nutrient limitation; therefore, we hypothesize that the cell's metabolism turned to its own cell wall, or perhaps neighbouring cells, for sources of carbon and nitrogen. The presence of the BTC also supports the acute nutrient limitation idea because of the parallels with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in other gram-negative bacteria, including other Vibrio species. Significance and Impact of the Study: Recent metabolomics research on the temperature dependent coral pathogen V coralliilyticus has led to the discovery of several compounds produced by the organism as a response to high density, low nutrient conditions. The three metabolites, along with H-1 NMR metabolic fingerprints of the nutrient limited samples, are proposed to serve as metabolic markers for extremely stressful conditions of V. coralliilyticus. C1 [Boroujerdi, A. F. B.; Jones, S. S.; Bearden, D. W.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bearden, DW (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM dan.bearden@noaa.gov FU Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility FX We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility. Vibrio coralliilyticus samples were grown by our microbiologist partners Maria I. Vizcaino and Pamela J. Morris at the Hollings Marine Laboratory. Commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 54 IS 3 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03200.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 895NO UT WOS:000300503200007 PM 22191639 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, Y Morrow, J Guber, A Shelton, D Rowland, R Davies, G AF Pachepsky, Y. Morrow, J. Guber, A. Shelton, D. Rowland, R. Davies, G. TI Effect of biofilm in irrigation pipes on microbial quality of irrigation water SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofilms; E; coli (all potentially pathogenic types); environmental; recreational water; food safety; microbial contamination ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM BIOFILMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRINKING-WATER; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; FRESH-WATER; PERSISTENCE; COLIFORMS; PATHOGENS; CONTAMINATION AB Aims: The focus of this work was to investigate the contribution of native Escherichia coli to the microbial quality of irrigation water and to determine the potential for contamination by E. coli associated with heterotrophic biofilms in pipe-based irrigation water delivery systems. Methods and Results: The aluminium pipes in the sprinkler irrigation system were outfitted with coupons that were extracted before each of the 2-h long irrigations carried out with weekly intervals. Water from the creek water and sprinklers, residual water from the previous irrigation and biofilms on the coupons Were analysed for E. coli. high E. coli concentrations in Water remaining in irrigation pipes between irrigation events Were indicative of E. coli growth. In two of the four irrigations, the probability of the sample source, (creek vs sprinkler), being a noninfluential factor, was only 0.44, that is, source was an important factor. The population of bacteria associated with the biofilm on pipe walls was estimated to be larger than that in water in pipes in the first three irrigation events and comparable to one in the fourth event. Conclusion: Biofilm-associated F coli. can affect microbial quality of irrigation water and, therefore, should not be neglected when estimating bacterial mass balances for irrigation systems. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work is the first peer-reviewed report on the impact of biofilms on microbial quality of irrigation waters. Flushing of the irrigation system may be a useful management practice to decrease the risk of microbial contamination of produce. Because microbial water quality can be substantially modified while water is transported in an irrigation system, it becomes imperative to monitor water quality at fields, rather than just at the intake. C1 [Pachepsky, Y.; Guber, A.; Shelton, D.; Rowland, R.; Davies, G.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Morrow, J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0266-8254 EI 1472-765X J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 54 IS 3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03192.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 895NO UT WOS:000300503200008 PM 22150421 ER PT J AU Winston, D Ferrera, J Battistella, L Vladar, AE Berggren, KK AF Winston, Donald Ferrera, J. Battistella, L. Vladar, A. E. Berggren, K. K. TI Modeling the Point-Spread Function in Helium-Ion Lithography SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo modeling; focused ion beam; metrology; electron-beam lithography ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE; STOPPING POWER; MICROSCOPE; SOLIDS AB We present here a hybrid approach to modeling helium-ion lithography that combines the power and ease-of-use of the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) software with the results of recent work simulating secondary electron (SE) yield in helium-ion microscopy. This approach traces along SRIM-produced helium-ion trajectories, generating and simulating trajectories for SEs using a Monte Carlo method. We found, both through simulation and experiment, that the spatial distribution of energy deposition in a resist as a function of radial distance from beam incidence, i.e. the point spread function, is not simply a sum of Gauss functions. SCANNING 33: 121128, 2012. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Winston, Donald; Ferrera, J.; Battistella, L.; Berggren, K. K.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winston, Donald; Vladar, A. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berggren, K. K.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP Winston, D (reprint author), 77 Massachusetts Ave,Bldg 36,Suite 213, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dwinston@mit.edu FU SRC NRI; NSF GRFP FX Contract grant sponsors: SRC NRI; NSF GRFP. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1002/sca.20290 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 932WY UT WOS:000303322400006 PM 21938733 ER PT J AU Martys, NS Khalil, M George, WL Lootens, D Hebraud, P AF Martys, N. S. Khalil, M. George, W. L. Lootens, D. Hebraud, P. TI Stress propagation in a concentrated colloidal suspension under shear SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID DISSIPATIVE-PARTICLE-DYNAMICS; RHEOLOGY; MICROSTRUCTURE; FLOW; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION AB The stress propagation in a concentrated attractive colloidal suspension under shear is studied using numerical simulations. The spatial correlations of the intercolloidal stress field are studied and an inertia-like tensor is defined in order to characterize the anisotropic nature of the stress field. It is shown that the colloids remain in a liquid order, the intercolloidal stress is strongly anisotropic. A transition under flow is observed: during a transient regime at low deformation, the stress propagates along the compression direction of the shear, whereas at larger deformations, the stress is organized into layers parallel to the (flow, vorticity) plane. C1 [Martys, N. S.; George, W. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Khalil, M.; Hebraud, P.] CNRS, IPCMS, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. [Lootens, D.] Sika Technol AG, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Martys, NS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pascal.hebraud@ipcms.unistra.fr FU Virtual Cement and Concrete testing Laboratory consortium (VCCTL); Office of Science of U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NASA Ames Research Center [SMD-05-A-0129] FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge support from the Virtual Cement and Concrete testing Laboratory consortium (VCCTL). The flow simulations were performed under award SMD-05-A-0129, "Modeling the Rheological Properties of Suspensions: Applications to Cement Based Materials" for NASA's National Leadership Computing System Initiative on the "Columbia" supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 AR 20 DI 10.1140/epje/i2012-12020-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 926BW UT WOS:000302807300006 ER PT J AU Guthrie, WF Yashchin, E AF Guthrie, William F. Yashchin, Emmanuel TI Foreword: Special issue on statistics in quality, industry and technology SO APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Guthrie, William F.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Chair JRC 2010, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yashchin, Emmanuel] IBM T J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Guthrie, WF (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Chair JRC 2010, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1524-1904 J9 APPL STOCH MODEL BUS JI Appl. Stoch. Models. Bus. Ind. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 103 EP 103 DI 10.1002/asmb.1922 PG 1 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 923FY UT WOS:000302606100001 ER PT J AU Rendell, L Mesnick, SL Dalebout, ML Burtenshaw, J Whitehead, H AF Rendell, Luke Mesnick, Sarah L. Dalebout, Merel L. Burtenshaw, Jessica Whitehead, Hal TI Can Genetic Differences Explain Vocal Dialect Variation in Sperm Whales, Physeter macrocephalus? SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Sperm whale; Vocal dialect; Cultural transmission; Genetic population structure ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; RESIDENT KILLER WHALES; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ORCINUS-ORCA; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; MATRILINEAL WHALES; MATERNAL LINEAGES; HUMPBACK WHALES; SONG DIALECTS AB Sperm whale social groups can be assigned to vocal clans based on their production of codas, short stereotyped patterns of clicks. It is currently unclear whether genetic variation could account for these behavioural differences. We studied mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation among sympatric vocal clans in the Pacific Ocean, using sequences extracted from sloughed skin samples. We sampled 194 individuals from 30 social groups belonging to one of three vocal clans. As in previous studies of sperm whales, mtDNA control region diversity was low (pi = 0.003), with just 14 haplotypes present in our sample. Both hierarchical AMOVAs and partial Mantel tests showed that vocal clan was a more important factor in matrilineal population genetic structure than geography, even though our sampling spanned thousands of kilometres. The variance component attributed to vocal dialects (7.7%) was an order of magnitude higher than those previously reported in birds, while the variance component attributed to geographic area was negligible. Despite this, the two most common haplotypes were present in significant quantities in each clan, meaning that variation in the control region cannot account for behavioural variation between clans, and instead parallels the situation in humans where parent-offspring transmission of language variation has resulted in correlations with neutral genes. Our results also raise questions for the management of sperm whale populations, which has traditionally been based on dividing populations into geographic 'stocks', suggesting that culturally-defined vocal clans may be more appropriate management units. C1 [Rendell, Luke] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Social Learning & Cognit Evolut, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Mesnick, Sarah L.; Burtenshaw, Jessica] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah L.; Burtenshaw, Jessica] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dalebout, Merel L.; Whitehead, Hal] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP Rendell, L (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Ctr Social Learning & Cognit Evolut, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM ler4@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Rendell, Luke/G-2594-2010 OI Rendell, Luke/0000-0002-1121-9142 FU National Geographic Society; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NERC; Killam Memorial Postdoctoral Fellowship; UNSW FX The National Geographic Society and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada provided funding for fieldwork. L.R. was supported by a NERC Postdoctoral Fellowship and M.L.D. was supported by a Killam Memorial Postdoctoral Fellowship and a Vice-Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship (UNSW). Mary Dillon and Jenny Christal kindly shared the results of their genetic and photographic analyses respectively. Mike Ritchie, Jeff Graves, Kelly Stewart and Valentina Islas provided analytical advice and support. We thank Jeff Graves, Karen Martien, Kelly Stewart and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-8244 J9 BEHAV GENET JI Behav. Genet. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 332 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s10519-011-9513-y PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology GA 924MX UT WOS:000302697100014 PM 22015469 ER PT J AU Martinez, JA Smith, CM Richmond, RH AF Martinez, Jonathan A. Smith, Celia M. Richmond, Robert H. TI Invasive algal mats degrade coral reef physical habitat quality SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE algae; Gracilaria salicornia; coral reef; diurnal respiration; acidification; pH ID MACROALGA DICTYOSPHAERIA-CAVERNOSA; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; HERMATYPIC CORAL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HAWAIIAN REEF; SEDIMENT; LIGHT; HERBIVORY; BAY AB Invasive species alter the ecology of marine ecosystems through a variety of mechanisms or combination of mechanisms. This study documented critical physical parameters altered by the invasive red macroalga Gracilaria salicornia in situ, including: reduced irradiance, increased sedimentation, and marked variation in diurnal dissolved oxygen and pH cycles in Kane'ohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Paired studies showed that algal mats reduced irradiance by 99% and doubled sediment accumulation. Several mats developed hypoxia and hyperoxia in the extreme minima and maxima, though there was no statistical difference detected in the mean or the variability of dissolved oxygen between different 30 min time points of 24 h cycles between algal mat-open reef pairs. The algal mat significantly acidified the water under the algal mat by decreasing pH by 0.10-0.13 pH units below open reef pH. A minimum of pH 7.47 occurred between 14 and 19 h after sunrise. Our combined results suggest that mats of G. salicornia can alter various physical parameters on a fine scale and time course not commonly detected. These changes in parameters give insight into the underlying basis for negative impact, and suggest new ways in which the presence of invasive species leads to decline of coral reef ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Martinez, Jonathan A.; Richmond, Robert H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Martinez, Jonathan A.; Smith, Celia M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Martinez, Jonathan A.] NOAA, ONMS PIR, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. RP Martinez, JA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Kewalo Marine Lab, 41 Ahui St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM jmartin1@hawaii.edu RI Richmond, Robert/G-1385-2014 FU University of Hawai; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Hawai'i Coral Reef Initiative (HCRI) FX The authors would like to thank Carey Morishige for field assistance, advice and artwork as well as: Jorg Anson, Leinson Neth, Brandi Sasaki, Sean Macduff, Chloe Brahmi, for field assistance; and Drs. Flo Thomas, Megan Donahue, Olga Cordero-Brana and Eric Wolanski for advice. Funding was provided by the University of Hawai'i Graduate Professional Access program, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program Graduate Science Program and the Hawai'i Coral Reef Initiative (HCRI). The conclusions presented from this research are not necessarily the opinion of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the US government. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 65 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 99 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.12.022 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 920ZR UT WOS:000302448300005 ER PT J AU Furman, SM Theofanos, MF Choong, YY Stanton, B AF Furman, Susanne M. Theofanos, Mary Frances Choong, Yee-Yin Stanton, Brian TI Basing Cybersecurity Training on User Perceptions SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Furman, Susanne M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Dept Homeland Secur, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Theofanos, Mary Frances] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ind Usabil Reporting Project, Boulder, CO USA. [Stanton, Brian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Common Ind Format Project, Boulder, CO USA. RP Furman, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Dept Homeland Secur, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM susanne.furman@nist.gov; mary.theofanos@nist.gov; yee-yin.choong@nist.gov; brian.stanton@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAR-APR PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 40 EP 49 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 920FH UT WOS:000302387700007 ER PT J AU Swallows, MD Martin, MJ Bishof, M Benko, C Lin, YG Blatt, S Rey, AM Ye, J AF Swallows, Matthew D. Martin, Michael J. Bishof, Michael Benko, Craig Lin, Yige Blatt, Sebastian Rey, Ana Maria Ye, Jun TI Operating a Sr-87 Optical Lattice Clock With High Precision and at High Density SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF ID LASER STABILIZATION; REFERENCE CAVITIES; THERMAL-NOISE; FREQUENCY; FLUCTUATIONS; COATINGS AB We describe recent experimental progress with the JILA Sr optical frequency standard, which has a systematic uncertainty at the 10(-16) fractional frequency level. An upgraded laser system has recently been constructed in our lab which may allow the JILA Sr standard to reach the standard quantum measurement limit and achieve record levels of stability. To take full advantage of these improvements, it will be necessary to operate a lattice clock with a large number of atoms, and systematic frequency shifts resulting from atomic interactions will become increasingly important. We discuss how collisional frequency shifts can arise in an optical lattice clock employing fermionic atoms and describe a novel method by which such systematic effects can be suppressed. C1 [Swallows, Matthew D.; Martin, Michael J.; Bishof, Michael; Benko, Craig; Rey, Ana Maria; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Swallows, Matthew D.; Martin, Michael J.; Bishof, Michael; Benko, Craig; Rey, Ana Maria; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blatt, Sebastian] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lin, Yige] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Swallows, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM swallows@jila.colorado.edu RI Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; FU NRC; NDSEG; NIST; NSF; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA OLE FX The authors would like to thank A. Ludlow, J. Sherman, N. Lemke, and K. Gibble for useful discussions. M. Swallows is supported by an NRC postdoctoral fellowship, and M. Bishof is supported by an NDSEG graduate fellowship. This work was supported by NIST, NSF, AFOSR, and ARO with funding from the DARPA OLE program. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAR PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 416 EP 425 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2210 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 922OB UT WOS:000302556000010 PM 22481774 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Kozlov, MG Clark, CW AF Safronova, Marianna S. Kozlov, Mikhail G. Clark, Charles W. TI Blackbody Radiation Shifts in Optical Atomic Clocks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF ID METROLOGY AB A review of recent theoretical calculations of blackbody radiation (BBR) shifts in optical atomic clocks is presented. We summarize previous results for monovalent ions that were obtained by a relativistic all-order single-double method, where all single and double excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave function are included to all orders of perturbation theory. A recently developed method for accurate calculations of BBR shifts in divalent atoms is then presented. This approach combines the relativistic all-order method and the configuration interaction method, which provides for accurate treatment of correlation corrections in atoms with two valence electrons. Calculations of the BBR shifts in B+, Al+, and In+ have enabled us to reduce the present fractional uncertainties in the frequencies of their clock transitions as measured at room temperature: to 4 x 10(-19) for Al+ and 10(-18) for B+ and In+. These uncertainties approach recent estimates of the limits of precision of currently proposed optical atomic clocks. We discuss directions of future theoretical developments for reducing clock uncertainties resulting from blackbody radiation shifts. C1 [Safronova, Marianna S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kozlov, Mikhail G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Neutron Res Div, Mol Beam Lab, Gatchina, Russia. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Elect & Opt Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM msafrono@udel.edu RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553; Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-02-00943] FX This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant PHY-0822671. The work of M. G. Kozlov was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant number 11-02-00943. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAR PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2213 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 922OB UT WOS:000302556000013 PM 22481777 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Merle, JK Simon-Manso, Y AF Irikura, Karl K. Merle, John K. Simon-Manso, Yamil TI Tryptic y(++) Fragment Ion Distributions Are Guided by Coulombic Repulsion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Collision-induced dissociation; CID; Electrostatics; Fragmentation; Mobile proton model; Peptide ion; Proteomics; Quantum chemistry; Tandem mass spectrometry ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; PEPTIDES; ENERGIES AB Ideal tryptic peptides contain only a single basic residue, located at the C-terminus. Collisional fragmentation of their doubly- or triply-protonated ions generates doubly-charged y(++) fragment ions with modest intensities. The size distribution of the y(++) fragments, when averaged over many spectra, corresponds closely to the expectations from charge-directed backbone cleavage and a Coulomb-Boltzmann distribution of mobile protons. This observation should be helpful in developing mechanistic models for y(++) formation. C1 [Irikura, Karl K.; Simon-Manso, Yamil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merle, John K.] Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 23 IS 3 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s13361-011-0293-7 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 921HN UT WOS:000302468800007 PM 22183957 ER PT J AU Tirumala, VR Stafford, CM Ocola, LE Douglas, JF Mahadevan, L AF Tirumala, Vijay R. Stafford, Christopher M. Ocola, Leonidas E. Douglas, Jack F. Mahadevan, L. TI Geometric Control of Rippling in Supported Polymer Nanolines SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Rippling; polymer; line gratings; hydrogels; nanostructures ID VOLUME-PHASE-TRANSITIONS; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGELS; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE); DEFORMATION; LITHOGRAPHY; INSTABILITY; MECHANICS; BEHAVIOR; GELS AB We study the swelling behavior of finlike polymer line gratings supported on a rigid substrate and show that the edge-supported polymer laminae undergo a rippling instability with a well-defined ripple wavelength A transverse to the plane of the solid supporting substrate and a ripple amplitude that monotonically decreases from its maximum at the free-edge. These ripple patterns develop due to inhomogeneous compressive strains that arise from the geometric constraints that progressively suppress swelling near the supporting substrate where the laminae are clamped. By experimentally examining the influence of swelling strain and pattern geometry on the observed rippling instability, we find that the ripple wavelength lambda scales with line width w for sufficiently long gratings, which is consistent with a simple theory. These trends were validated for polymer nanoline test patterns having w between (50 to 250) nm and a height-to-width aspect-ratio in the range 0.5 to 5. Our results suggest that line geometry, rather than material properties, governs the onset of rippling and suggest simple rules for their control. C1 [Tirumala, Vijay R.; Ocola, Leonidas E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mahadevan, L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tirumala, VR (reprint author), Cabot Corp, 157 Concord Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM vijay.r.tirumala@gmail.com; lm@seas.harvard.edu OI Ocola, Leonidas/0000-0003-4990-1064 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Harvard-NSF MRSEC; Kavli NanoBio Science and Technology Institute at Harvard; MacArthur Foundation FX We are grateful to Dr. Ralu Divan for helping with nanofabrication and Dr. Derrick Mancini for useful discussions. Use of nanofabrication facilities at the Center for Nanoscale Materials is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Additional support was provided by the Harvard-NSF MRSEC, the Kavli NanoBio Science and Technology Institute at Harvard and the MacArthur Foundation (L.M.). NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1516 EP 1521 DI 10.1021/nl204306q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 907GW UT WOS:000301406800068 PM 22352905 ER PT J AU Kuribara, K Wang, H Uchiyama, N Fukuda, K Yokota, T Zschieschang, U Jaye, C Fischer, D Klauk, H Yamamoto, T Takimiya, K Ikeda, M Kuwabara, H Sekitani, T Loo, YL Someya, T AF Kuribara, Kazunori Wang, He Uchiyama, Naoya Fukuda, Kenjiro Yokota, Tomoyuki Zschieschang, Ute Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel Klauk, Hagen Yamamoto, Tatsuya Takimiya, Kazuo Ikeda, Masaaki Kuwabara, Hirokazu Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Loo, Yueh-Lin Someya, Takao TI Organic transistors with high thermal stability for medical applications SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; TERPHENYLDITHIOL; SPECTROSCOPY; ORIENTATION; ELECTRONICS; PENTACENE; CIRCUITS AB The excellent mechanical flexibility of organic electronic devices is expected to open up a range of new application opportunities in electronics, such as flexible displays, robotic sensors, and biological and medical electronic applications. However, one of the major remaining issues for organic devices is their instability, especially their thermal instability, because low melting temperatures and large thermal expansion coefficients of organic materials cause thermal degradation. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of flexible thin-film transistors with excellent thermal stability and their viability for biomedical sterilization processes. The organic thin-film transistors comprise a high-mobility organic semiconductor, dinaphtho[2,3-b:2', 3'-f]thieno [3,2-b]thiophene, and thin gate dielectrics comprising a 2-nm-thick self-assembled monolayer and a 4-nm-thick aluminium oxide layer. The transistors exhibit a mobility of 1.2 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) within a 2 V operation and are stable even after exposure to conditions typically used for medical sterilization. C1 [Kuribara, Kazunori; Uchiyama, Naoya; Fukuda, Kenjiro; Yokota, Tomoyuki; Sekitani, Tsuyoshi; Someya, Takao] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Kuribara, Kazunori; Sekitani, Tsuyoshi; Someya, Takao] Univ Tokyo, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Kuribara, Kazunori; Sekitani, Tsuyoshi; Someya, Takao] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Wang, He; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zschieschang, Ute; Klauk, Hagen] Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yamamoto, Tatsuya; Takimiya, Kazuo] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Fac Engn, Higashihiroshima 7398527, Japan. [Ikeda, Masaaki; Kuwabara, Hirokazu] Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1028172, Japan. [Someya, Takao] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Someya, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM someya@ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Wang, He/C-3202-2012; Someya, Takao/H-3052-2015; Takimiya, Kazuo/A-5841-2010 OI Someya, Takao/0000-0003-3051-1138; Takimiya, Kazuo/0000-0002-6001-1129 FU Special Coordination Funds for Promoting and Technology; Princeton University; NSF MRSEC through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]; ONR [N000141110328] FX This study was partially supported by the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting and Technology. We thank Professors Takayasu Sakurai and Makoto Takamiya, University of Tokyo, for valuable discussion. We also thank Dojindo Molecular Technologies, for a high-purity fluorescent dye, and Daisankasei for a high-purity parylene (diX-SR). T. So. acknowledges Princeton University Global Scholar Program for financial support. H.W. and Y.-L. L. acknowledge partial support from NSF MRSEC program through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials (DMR-0819860) and the Photovoltaics Program at the ONR (N000141110328). NR 31 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 14 U2 148 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 3 AR 723 DI 10.1038/ncomms1721 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 923PB UT WOS:000302630100012 PM 22395614 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Chadwick, WW Cowen, JP Dziak, RP Rubin, KH Fornari, DJ AF Baker, Edward T. Chadwick, William W., Jr. Cowen, James P. Dziak, Robert P. Rubin, Kenneth H. Fornari, Daniel J. TI Hydrothermal Discharge During Submarine Eruptions THE IMPORTANCE OF DETECTION, RESPONSE, AND NEW TECHNOLOGY SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; SPREADING GAKKEL RIDGE; MILITARY HYDROPHONE ARRAYS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; SEA-FLOOR; VOLCANIC-ERUPTION; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; EVENT PLUMES; SUBSURFACE BIOSPHERE AB Submarine volcanic eruptions and intrusions construct new oceanic crust and build long chains of volcanic islands and vast submarine plateaus. Magmatic events are a primary agent for the transfer of heat, chemicals, and even microbes from the crust to the ocean, but the processes that control these transfers are poorly understood. The 1980s discovery that mid-ocean ridge eruptions are often associated with brief releases of immense volumes of hot fluids ("event plumes") spurred interest in methods for detecting the onset of eruptions or intrusions and for rapidly organizing seagoing response efforts. Since then, some 35 magmatic events have been recognized and responded to on mid-ocean ridges and at seamounts in both volcanic arc and intraplate settings. Field responses at mid-ocean ridges have found that event plumes occur over a wide range of eruption styles and sizes, and thus may be a common consequence of ridge eruptions. The source(s) of event plume fluids are still debated. Eruptions detected at ridges generally have high effusion rates and short durations (hours to days), whereas field responses at arc volcanic cones have found eruptions with very low effusion rates and durations on the scale of years. New approaches to the study of submarine magmatic events include the development of autonomous vehicles for detection and response, and the establishment of permanent seafloor observatories at likely future eruption sites. C1 [Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chadwick, William W., Jr.; Dziak, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cowen, James P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Rubin, Kenneth H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fornari, Daniel J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edward.baker@noaa.gov RI Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008 OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337 FU NOAA; National Science Foundation [OCE-9812294, OCE-0222069, OCE-0623649, OCE-0838923] FX We especially thank the many scientists who participated in event detection and response efforts over the last 25 years. Support for these efforts came from the NOAA Vents Program and the National Science Foundation, primarily through its long-term funding of the RIDGE and Ridge 2000 Programs, including grants OCE-9812294 and OCE-0222069. SOSUS detection efforts were supported from 2006 to 2009 by the National Science Foundation, grant OCE-0623649. This work benefited from discussions within the "Events and Responses" working group assembled at the 2010 meeting of Ridge 2000, a science research program funded by NSF (most recently, OCE-0838923). PMEL contribution #3752. NR 94 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 128 EP 141 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2012.11 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 903DC UT WOS:000301095200014 ER PT J AU Rubin, KH Soule, SA Chadwick, WW Fornari, DJ Clague, DA Embley, RW Baker, ET Perfit, MR Caress, DW Dziak, RP AF Rubin, Kenneth H. Soule, S. Adam Chadwick, William W., Jr. Fornari, Daniel J. Clague, David A. Embley, Robert W. Baker, Edward T. Perfit, Michael R. Caress, David W. Dziak, Robert P. TI Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; NORTHERN CLEFT SEGMENT; LAVA-FLOW MORPHOLOGY; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; FUCA RIDGE; GALAPAGOS RIFT; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; AXIAL VOLCANO; GORDA RIDGE AB Volcanic eruptions are important events in Earth's cycle of magma generation and crustal construction. Over durations of hours to years, eruptions produce new deposits of lava and/or fragmentary ejecta, transfer heat and magmatic volatiles from :Earth's interior to the overlying air or seawater, and significantly modify the landscape and perturb local ecosystems. Today and through most of geological history, the greatest number and volume of volcanic eruptions on Earth have occurred in the deep ocean along mid-ocean ridges, near subduction zones, on oceanic plateaus, and on thousands of mid-plate seamounts. However, deep-sea eruptions (> 500 m depth) are much more difficult to detect and observe than subaerial eruptions, so comparatively little is known about them. Great strides have been made in eruption detection, response speed, and observational detail since the first recognition of a deep submarine eruption at a mid-ocean ridge 25 years ago. Studies of ongoing or recent deep submarine eruptions reveal information about their sizes, durations, frequencies, styles, and environmental impacts. Ultimately, magma formation and accumulation in the upper mantle and crust, plus local tectonic stress fields, dictate when, where, and how often submarine eruptions occur, whereas eruption depth, magma composition, conditions of volatile segregation, and tectonic setting determine submarine eruption style. C1 [Rubin, Kenneth H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Soule, S. Adam; Fornari, Daniel J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chadwick, William W., Jr.; Dziak, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Clague, David A.; Caress, David W.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, PMEL, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Perfit, Michael R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Perfit, Michael R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. RP Rubin, KH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM krubin@hawaii.edu RI Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008; OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337; Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133; Soule, Adam/0000-0002-4691-6300 FU NSF [OCE-0838923]; NOAA; US Navy; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; [NSF-OCE 0937409]; [OCE-0525863]; [OCE-0732366]; [0725605]; [OCE-0751780]; [OCE-0138088]; [OCE-0934278]; [OCE-0623649] FX The authors wish to thank John Sinton and Tim Shank for discussions during manuscript preparation, Joe Cann for information regarding the first MOR lava sample recovered, Jenny Paduan for creating Figure 5, Ian Ridley and an anonymous referee for insightful comments, and Maya Tolstoy for editorial handling of the manuscript. The authors are indebted to a large number of researchers and shipboard personnel for their studies of submarine volcanism, particularly those who have participated in event detection and short-fuse eruption response efforts, which were largely supported by NSF, the NOAA Vents Program, and the US Navy. Successes in Po-dating studies have been achieved largely through a combination of community teamwork to collect samples opportunistically and funding agency recognition that absolute dates are important to making progress in understanding submarine volcanic eruptions. This work resulted from discussions of the "Events and Responses" working group assembled at the 2010 Ridge 2000 meeting, a science research program funded by NSF (most recently, OCE-0838923), as well as the following selected recent grants to individual coauthors: NSF-OCE 0937409 (KHR), OCE-0525863 and OCE-0732366 (DJF and SAS), 0725605 (WWC), OCE-0751780 (ETB and RWE), OCE-0138088 (MRP), OCE-0934278 (DAC), OCE-0623649 (RPD), and a David and Lucile Packard Foundation grant to MBARI (DAC and DWC). This is SOEST contribution number 8538 and PMEL contribution number 3785. NR 131 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 36 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 142 EP 157 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2012.12 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 903DC UT WOS:000301095200015 ER PT J AU Di Iorio, D Lavelle, JW Rona, PA Bemis, K Xu, GY Germanovich, LN Lowell, RP Genc, G AF Di Iorio, Daniela Lavelle, J. William Rona, Peter A. Bemis, Karen Xu, Guangyu Germanovich, Leonid N. Lowell, Robert P. Genc, Gence TI Measurements and Models of Heat Flux and Plumes from Hydrothermal Discharges Near the Deep Seafloor SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; 9-DEGREES 50' N; FUCA-RIDGE; ENDEAVOR SEGMENT; DIFFUSE FLOW; VENT FIELD; CROSS-FLOW; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; CRACKING EVENT; BUOYANT PLUMES AB Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are conduits of heat and chemicals from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere. Their plumes rise hundreds of meters from the seafloor into the water column; during their ascent, they entrain ambient water and are subject to cross flows. Source fluxes can vary in time, partly in response to seismic and magmatic events. Long-term measurements of physical properties of hydrothermal plumes provide windows to conditions within Earth's interior. This article provides examples of long-term measurements of acoustic scattering recorded along Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Acoustic backscatter data from particles and temperature fluctuations provide information on width, shape, and vertical velocity in the plumes from which entrainment and upward transport are estimated. Acoustic forward scatter by turbulence within the plume gives time series of the plume's path-averaged vertical velocity and temperature fluctuations and exhibits variability that is dependent on the ambient horizontal flow. At several vents, direct measurements of heat flux using in situ devices and video imagery have yielded an integrated heat output for various sulfide structures. In conjunction with these measurements, plume models that incorporate ambient stratification and horizontal tidal flows are yielding insights into the vertical and azimuthal dependence of entrainment, rise-height variability, and plume bending. C1 [Di Iorio, Daniela; Xu, Guangyu] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lavelle, J. William] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rona, Peter A.; Bemis, Karen] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Germanovich, Leonid N.; Genc, Gence] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lowell, Robert P.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Di Iorio, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM daniela@uga.edu FU NSF [OCE-0937057, OCE-0824612, OCE-0825088, OCE-0449578, OCE-0838923]; The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX In situ heat flow measurements and flow meter development were supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) award OCE-0937057. The Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging System (COVIS) development and deployment was supported from NSF awards OCE-0824612 and OCE-0825088. Long-time series measurements of acoustic scintillation were supported by an NSF CAREER award OCE-0449578. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and Vents Program have supported the modeling work of J.W. Lavelle. This paper stemmed from a working group assembled at the 2010 Ridge 2000 community meeting funded by NSF grant OCE-0838923. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and the special issue co-editors for helpful comments. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2012.14 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 903DC UT WOS:000301095200017 ER PT J AU Lavelle, JW Thurnherr, AM Mullineaux, LS McGillicuddy, DJ Ledwell, JR AF Lavelle, J. William Thurnherr, Andreas M. Mullineaux, Lauren S. McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Ledwell, James R. TI The Prediction, Verification, and Significance of Flank Jets at Mid-Ocean Ridges SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; DE-FUCA RIDGE; TOPOGRAPHIC RECTIFICATION; TIDAL RECTIFICATION; MEAN CURRENTS; GEORGES BANK; OCEAN; JUAN; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC AB One aspect of ocean flow over mid-ocean ridges that has escaped much attention is the capacity of a ridge to convert oscillatory flows into unidirectional flows. Those unidirectional flows take the form of relatively narrow jets hugging the ridge's flanks. En the Northern Hemisphere, the jets move heat and dissolved and particulate matter poleward on the west and equatorward on the east of north-south trending ridges. Recent measurements and a model of flow at the East Pacific Rise at 9-10 degrees N show that these ridge-parallel flows can extend 10-15 km horizontally away from the ridge axis, reach from the seafloor to several hundreds of meters above ridge crest depth, and have maximum speeds in their cores up to 10 cm s". Because of their along-ridge orientation and speed, the jets can significantly affect the transport of hydrothermal vent-associated larvae between vent oases along the ridge crest and, possibly, contribute to the mesoscale stirring of the abyssal ocean. Because jet-formation mechanisms involve oscillatory currents, ocean stratification, and topography, the jets are examples of "stratified topographic flow rectification:' Ridge jets have parallels in rectified flows at seamounts and submarine banks. C1 [Lavelle, J. William] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Thurnherr, Andreas M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Div Ocean & Climate Phys, Palisades, NY USA. [Mullineaux, Lauren S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.; Ledwell, James R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lavelle, JW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. EM j.william.lavelle@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; National Science Foundation [OCE-0424953, OCE-0425361] FX We thank Richard Thomson for comments on the manuscript that led to its improvement. JWL is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and by NOAA Vents Program. The work of other authors has been supported by National Science Foundation through grants OCE-0424953 and OCE-0425361, LADDER (LArval Dispersion along the Deep East pacific Rise). This is contribution 3741 from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2012.26 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 903DC UT WOS:000301095200029 ER PT J AU Newman, J Bolton, EE Mueller-Dieckmann, J Fazio, VJ Gallagher, DT Lovell, D Luft, JR Peat, TS Ratcliffe, D Sayle, RA Snell, EH Taylor, K Vallotton, P Velanker, S von Delft, F AF Newman, Janet Bolton, Evan E. Mueller-Dieckmann, Jochen Fazio, Vincent J. Gallagher, D. Travis Lovell, David Luft, Joseph R. Peat, Thomas S. Ratcliffe, David Sayle, Roger A. Snell, Edward H. Taylor, Kerry Vallotton, Pascal Velanker, Sameer von Delft, Frank TI On the need for an international effort to capture, share and use crystallization screening data SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE crystallization screening data; crystallization ontology ID PROTEIN DATA-BANK; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FILE; STRUCTURAL GENOMICS; CRYSTAL; CLASSIFICATION; FEATURES; LESSONS; ARCHIVE AB When crystallization screening is conducted many outcomes are observed but typically the only trial recorded in the literature is the condition that yielded the crystal(s) used for subsequent diffraction studies. The initial hit that was optimized and the results of all the other trials are lost. These missing results contain information that would be useful for an improved general understanding of crystallization. This paper provides a report of a crystallization data exchange (XDX) workshop organized by several international large-scale crystallization screening laboratories to discuss how this information may be captured and utilized. A group that administers a significant fraction of the world's crystallization screening results was convened, together with chemical and structural data informaticians and computational scientists who specialize in creating and analysing large disparate data sets. The development of a crystallization ontology for the crystallization community was proposed. This paper (by the attendees of the workshop) provides the thoughts and rationale leading to this conclusion. This is brought to the attention of the wider audience of crystallographers so that they are aware of these early efforts and can contribute to the process going forward. C1 [Newman, Janet; Fazio, Vincent J.; Peat, Thomas S.] CSIRO, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Bolton, Evan E.] NIH, NCBI, NLM, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Mueller-Dieckmann, Jochen] DESY, EMBL Hamburg Outstn, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Gallagher, D. Travis] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Lovell, David; Ratcliffe, David; Taylor, Kerry] Australian Natl Univ, CSIRO ICT Ctr, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Lovell, David; Ratcliffe, David; Taylor, Kerry] Australian Natl Univ, CSIRO Math Informat & Stat, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Luft, Joseph R.; Snell, Edward H.] Hauptman Woodward Med Res Inst, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Luft, Joseph R.; Snell, Edward H.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Struct & Computat Biol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Sayle, Roger A.] NextMove Software, Innovat Ctr, Milton CB4 0EY, MA, England. [Vallotton, Pascal] Macquarie Univ Campus, CSIRO Math Informat & Stat N Ryde, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. [Velanker, Sameer] European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Outstn Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [von Delft, Frank] Univ Oxford, Struct Genom Consortium, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England. RP Newman, J (reprint author), CSIRO, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM janet.newman@csiro.au RI Lovell, David/A-4558-2009; Biology, Transformational/D-5787-2011; Newman, Janet/D-1857-2011; Vallotton, Pascal/A-3633-2009; Peat, Thomas/F-9817-2010; OI Lovell, David/0000-0002-3938-7586; Newman, Janet/0000-0003-2666-3219; Peat, Thomas/0000-0002-6488-0831; Sayle, Roger/0000-0003-0188-471X; Velankar, Sameer/0000-0002-8439-5964 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM088396] NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 68 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1107/S1744309112002618 PN 3 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 914AT UT WOS:000301921300002 PM 22442216 ER PT J AU Li, WW Wang, CZ Wang, DX Yang, L Deng, Y AF Li Wei-Wei Wang Chunzai Wang Dongxiao Yang Lei Deng Yi TI Modulation of Low-Latitude West Wind on Abnormal Track and Intensity of Tropical Cyclone Nargis (2008) in the Bay of Bengal SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE TC Nargis (2008); tropical cyclone; westerly wind; cross-equatorial flow; Bay of Bengal ID PREDICTION; MOVEMENT; GENESIS; MODEL; FLOW AB Tropical cyclone (TC) Nargis (2008) made landfall in Myanmar on 02 May 2008, bringing a storm surge, major flooding, and resulting in a significant death toll. TC Nargis (2008) displayed abnormal features, including rare eastward motion in its late stage, rapid intensification before landing. Using reanalysis data and a numerical model, we investigated how a low-latitude westerly wind modulated TC Nargis' (2008) track and provided favorable atmospheric conditions for its rapid intensification. More importantly, we found a possible counterbalance effect of flows from the two hemispheres on the TC track in the Bay of Bengal. Our analysis indicates that a strong westerly wind burst across the Bay of Bengal, resulting in TC Nargis' (2008) eastward movement after its recurvature. This sudden enhancement of westerly wind was mainly due to the rapidly intensified mid-level cross-equatorial flow. Our results show that a high-pressure system in the Southern Hemisphere induced this strong, mid-level, cross-equatorial flow. During the rapid intensification period of TC Nargis (2008), this strong and broad westerly wind also transported a large amount of water vapor to TC Nargis (2008). Sufficient water vapor gave rise to continuously high and increased mid-level relative humidity, which was favorable to TC Nargis' (2008) intensification. Condensation of water vapor increased the energy supply, which eventuated the intensification of TC Nargis (2008) to a category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. C1 [Li Wei-Wei; Wang Dongxiao; Yang Lei; Deng Yi] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, DX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM dxwang@scsio.ac.cn RI yang, Lei/C-9880-2012; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; FU Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) [2011CB403500]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [U0733002]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China [8351030101000002] FX This research was supported by a grant from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2011CB403500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. U0733002), and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 8351030101000002). NR 30 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 2 BP 407 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s00376-011-0229-y PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895XT UT WOS:000300530700017 ER PT J AU Richter, I Xie, SP Wittenberg, AT Masumoto, Y AF Richter, Ingo Xie, Shang-Ping Wittenberg, Andrew T. Masumoto, Yukio TI Tropical Atlantic biases and their relation to surface wind stress and terrestrial precipitation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Tropical Atlantic; GCM biases; Coupled modeling; Equatorial Atlantic; Southeast Atlantic; Surface winds; Terrestrial precipitaiton ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; LAND; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; ORIGIN; CIRCULATION; PREDICTION AB Most coupled general circulation models (GCMs) perform poorly in the tropical Atlantic in terms of climatological seasonal cycle and interannual variability. The reasons for this poor performance are investigated in a suite of sensitivity experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled GCM. The experiments show that a significant portion of the equatorial SST biases in the model is due to weaker than observed equatorial easterlies during boreal spring. Due to these weak easterlies, the tilt of the equatorial thermocline is reduced, with shoaling in the west and deepening in the east. The erroneously deep thermocline in the east prevents cold tongue formation in the following season despite vigorous upwelling, thus inhibiting the Bjerknes feedback. It is further shown that the surface wind errors are due, in part, to deficient precipitation over equatorial South America and excessive precipitation over equatorial Africa, which already exist in the uncoupled atmospheric GCM. Additional tests indicate that the precipitation biases are highly sensitive to land surface conditions such as albedo and soil moisture. This suggests that improving the representation of land surface processes in GCMs offers a way of improving their performance in the tropical Atlantic. The weaker than observed equatorial easterlies also contribute remotely, via equatorial and coastal Kelvin waves, to the severe warm SST biases along the southwest African coast. However, the strength of the subtropical anticyclone and along-shore winds also play an important role. C1 [Richter, Ingo] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Richter, Ingo; Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Richter, I (reprint author), JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. EM richter@jamstec.go.jp RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; MASUMOTO, YUKIO/G-5021-2014; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Richter, Ingo/A-2844-2012 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Richter, Ingo/0000-0002-7765-5190 FU NOAA; NASA; JAMSTEC FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Swadhin Behera for his helpful comments. Thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Variability Program, NASA, and JAMSTEC. IPRC/SOEST publication number #765/8109. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 5-6 BP 985 EP 1001 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1038-9 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918JP UT WOS:000302245900009 ER PT J AU Hiruki-Raring, LM Hoef, JMV Boveng, PL Bengtson, JL AF Hiruki-Raring, Lisa M. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Boveng, Peter L. Bengtson, John L. TI A Bayesian hierarchical model of Antarctic fur seal foraging and pup growth related to sea ice and prey abundance SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Antarctic fur seal; Arctocephalus gazella; Bayesian hierarchical model; diving; ecosystem; ecosystem model; Euphausia superba; foraging; krill; pup growth; sea ice ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; ELEPHANT ISLAND; SCOTIA SEA; PROVISIONING STRATEGIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM AB We created a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) to investigate ecosystem relationships between the physical ecosystem (sea ice extent), a prey measure (krill density), predator behaviors (diving and foraging effort of female Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, with pups) and predator characteristics (mass of maternal fur seals and pups). We collected data on Antarctic fur seals from 1987/1988 to 1994/1995 at Seal Island, Antarctica. The BHM allowed us to link together predators and prey into a model that uses all the data efficiently and accounts for major sources of uncertainty. Based on the literature, we made hypotheses about the relationships in the model, which we compared with the model outcome after fitting the BHM. For each BHM parameter, we calculated the mean of the posterior density and the 95% credible interval. Our model confirmed others' findings that increased sea ice was related to increased krill density. Higher krill density led to reduced dive intensity of maternal fur seals, as measured by dive depth and duration, and to less time spent foraging by maternal fur seals. Heavier maternal fur seals and lower maternal foraging effort resulted in heavier pups at 22 d. No relationship was found between krill density and maternal mass, or between maternal mass and foraging effort on pup growth rates between 22 and 85 days of age. Maternal mass may have reflected environmental conditions prior to the pup provisioning season, rather than summer prey densities. Maternal mass and foraging effort were not related to pup growth rates between 22 and 85 d, possibly indicating that food was not limiting, food sources other than krill were being used, or differences occurred before pups. reached age 22 d. C1 [Hiruki-Raring, Lisa M.; Hoef, Jay M. Ver; Boveng, Peter L.; Bengtson, John L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hiruki-Raring, LM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Lisa.Hiruki-Raring@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service FX We are grateful to the many people who assisted in Seal Island research and logistics, especially those who were most involved with capturing and instrumenting adult female fur seals and weighing pups: M. Cameron, D. Croll, M. Goebel, R. Holt, H. Huber, J. Jansen, R. Merrick, W. Meyer, S. Osmek, M. Schwartz, and B. Walker. Thanks to the many people who processed Seal Island diet samples: M. Goebel, T. Harkonen, J. Jansen, R. Merrick, and J. E. Sease. Comments by J. Jansen, M. Simpkins, J. Sterling, N. Friday, and three anonymous reviewers improved the paper. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service, as part of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 668 EP 684 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 921ZP UT WOS:000302516900023 PM 22611863 ER PT J AU Pitts, WM Yang, JC Fernandez, MG AF Pitts, William M. Yang, Jiann C. Fernandez, Marco G. TI Helium dispersion following release in a 1/4-scale two-car residential garage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Automobile; Computational fluid dynamics; Helium; Hydrogen; Residential garage; Scale model ID CFD MODELS; HYDROGEN; CAPABILITIES; ENCLOSURES; EXERCISE; GASOLINE; PREDICT; LEAKAGE; GAS AB A series of experiments are described in which helium was released at a constant rate into a 1.5 m x 1.5 m x 0.75 m enclosure designed as a 1/4-scale model of a two-car garage. The purpose was to provide reference datasets for testing and validating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and to experimentally characterize the effects of a number of variables on the mixing behavior within an enclosure and the exchange of helium with the outside surroundings. Helium was used as a surrogate for hydrogen, and the total volume released was scaled as the amount that would be released by a typical hydrogen-fueled automobile with a full tank. Temporal profiles of helium were measured at seven vertical locations within the enclosure during and following 1-h and 4-h releases. Idealized vents in one wall sized to provide air exchange rates typical of actual garages were used. The effects of vent size, number, and location were investigated using three different vent combinations. The dependence on leak location was considered by releasing helium at three different points within the enclosure. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pitts, William M.; Yang, Jiann C.; Fernandez, Marco G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pitts, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur DR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wpitts@nist.gov; jiann.yang@nist.gov; marco.fernandez@nist.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2012 VL 37 IS 6 BP 5286 EP 5298 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.12.008 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 914YP UT WOS:000301990100058 ER PT J AU Alvine, KJ Tyagi, M Brown, CM Udovic, TJ Jenkins, T Pitman, SG AF Alvine, K. J. Tyagi, M. Brown, C. M. Udovic, T. J. Jenkins, T. Pitman, S. G. TI Hydrogen species motion in piezoelectrics: A quasi-elastic neutron scattering study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONATE-TITANATE CERAMICS; FERROELECTRIC-FILMS; INDUCED DEGRADATION; SPECTROMETER; CAPACITORS; ELECTRODE; PB(ZR; NIST AB Hydrogen is known to damage or degrade piezoelectric materials, at low pressure for ferroelectric random access memory applications, and at high pressure for hydrogen-powered vehicle applications. The piezoelectric degradation is in part governed by the motion of hydrogen species within the piezoelectric materials. We present here quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements of the local hydrogen species motion within lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BTO) on samples charged by exposure to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen (approximate to 17 MPa). Neutron vibrational spectroscopy (NVS) studies of the hydrogen-enhanced vibrational modes are presented as well. Results are discussed in the context of theoretically predicted interstitial hydrogen lattice sites and compared to comparable bulk diffusion studies of hydrogen diffusion in lead zirconate titanate. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3691114] C1 [Alvine, K. J.; Pitman, S. G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Tyagi, M.; Brown, C. M.; Udovic, T. J.; Jenkins, T.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Alvine, KJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM kyle.alvine@pnl.gov; mtyagi@nist.gov RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This research was supported under DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 5 AR 053505 DI 10.1063/1.3691114 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911OW UT WOS:000301729200026 ER PT J AU Saloman, EB AF Saloman, E. B. TI Energy Levels and Observed Spectral Lines of Neutral and Singly Ionized Titanium, Ti I and Ti II SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE compilation; critically evaluated data; energy levels; Ti; titanium; singly ionized titanium; observed spectral lines; spectra ID TERM SYSTEM; ARC SPECTRUM; WAVELENGTHS; CONFIGURATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; REGION AB The energy levels and observed spectral lines of neutral and singly ionized titanium atoms have been compiled. Tables of energy levels and spectral lines are generated for each stage. Experimental g-factors and leading percentages are included when available. An experimental value for the ionization energy for each stage is provided. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi: 10.1063/1.3656882] C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saloman, EB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.saloman@nist.gov FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX I wish to thank J. Reader for a careful reading of this manuscript and for many helpful discussions and advice on the selection of data to include in this compilation. I also want to thank U. Litzen for providing the Ti II results of his group. This work was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 AR UNSP 013101 DI 10.1063/1.3656882 PG 116 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 917XW UT WOS:000302213100001 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, JE AF Sansonetti, J. E. TI Wavelengths, Transition Probabilities, and Energy Levels for the Spectra of Strontium Ions (Sr II through Sr XXXVIII) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE atomic spectra; energy levels; isotopes; strontium; transition probabilities; wave numbers; wavelengths; wavelength tables ID WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; NEON-LIKE IONS; HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS; MULTICONFIGURATION DIRAC-FOCK; ZINC ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; GROUND-STATE CONFIGURATION; ONE-ELECTRON ATOMS; NICKEL-LIKE IONS; BE-LIKE IONS AB Energy levels, with designations and uncertainties, have been compiled for the spectra of strontium (Z=38) ions from singly ionized to hydrogen-like. Wavelengths with classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities are also tabulated. In addition, ground states and ionization energies are listed. For many ionization stages experimental data are available; however for those for which only theoretical calculations or fitted values exist, these are reported. There are a few ionization stages for which only a calculated ionization potential is available. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi: 10.1063/1.3659413] C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sansonetti, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jean.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 233 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 AR UNSP 013102 DI 10.1063/1.3659413 PG 119 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 917XW UT WOS:000302213100002 ER PT J AU Carreiro-Silva, M Kiene, WE Golubic, S McClanahan, TR AF Carreiro-Silva, M. Kiene, W. E. Golubic, S. McClanahan, T. R. TI Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on microbial euendolithic communities and their bioerosion rates SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Calcium carbonate balance; Cyanobacteria; Eutrophication; Green algae; Microbial euendoliths; Nutrient limitation ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LAGOONS FRENCH-POLYNESIA; GLOVERS REEF; CORAL-REEFS; LIMITED PRODUCTIVITY; INORGANIC NUTRIENTS; SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; MACROALGAE; GROWTH; BELIZE AB Cages and fertilizers were used at Glover's Atoll, Belize to test the relative importance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to microbial euendolithic communities (bacteria, algae and fungi) and their bioerosion rates of Strombus gigas shells after 56-days of exposure. By the end of the experiment, the abundance of green algae was higher than cyanobacteria and fungi in N and N + P treatments, although green algae did not increase proportionally with increasing N concentrations, suggesting that green algae were co-limited by P and N. In contrast, cyanobacteria abundance increased with increasing P concentration, suggesting that cyanobacteria were P-limited. Fungi were not significantly affected by the addition of nutrients. Microbioerosion rates in the N and N + P treatments were 2-times greater than rates in the P treatment and 15-times greater than the control treatment. Results demonstrate that increased nutrient concentrations on coral reefs may increase microbioerosion rates, and variations in nutrient ratios can modify microborers community composition. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carreiro-Silva, M.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Kiene, W. E.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries SE, Galveston, TX USA. [Golubic, S.] Boston Univ, Ctr Biol Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [McClanahan, T. R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY USA. RP Carreiro-Silva, M (reprint author), Univ Acores, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. EM mcsilva@uac.pt RI Carreiro-Silva, Marina/N-7007-2013; OI Carreiro-Silva, Marina/0000-0001-6446-6342; McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584 FU Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; III Communitary Support Board [SFRH/BD/789/2000, SFRH/BPD/34634/2007]; Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies, Delmenhorst FX The research received financial support from Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) (T.R. McClanahan) and Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal, and European Social Fund under the III Communitary Support Board (M. C-S, SFRH/BD/789/2000 and SFRH/BPD/34634/2007). We thank the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Dr. Ian McIntyre and Jonathan Wingerath for their assistance in preparing samples. Brie Cokos of WCS, and Michael Dilorenzo and Jean Lee of the Columbia University Environmental Research Consortium assisted with the conch shells, cages and fixing samples. L.W. Douglass provided statistical advice. The thoughtful comments of J.A. Mihursky and V.S. Kennedy improved earlier versions of this manuscript. International collaboration was supported by Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies, Delmenhorst (S. Golubic), Permission to undertake the work was provided by the Belize Fisheries Department. This is publication number 39 of the Glover's Reef Research Station. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 64 IS 3 BP 602 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.013 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 913KD UT WOS:000301875600030 PM 22240204 ER PT J AU Begelman, MC AF Begelman, Mitchell C. TI Radiatively inefficient accretion: breezes, winds and hyperaccretion SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics ID BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; X-RAY SOURCES; 2 DIMENSIONS; FLOWS; CONVECTION; MODELS; GALAXY; JETS AB We reformulate the adiabatic inflowoutflow solution (ADIOS) model for radiatively inefficient accretion flows, treating the inflow and outflow zones on an equal footing. For purely adiabatic flows (i.e. with no radiative losses), we show that the mass flux in each zone must satisfy with n= 1, in contrast to previous work in which 0 < n < 1 is a free parameter but in rough agreement with numerical simulations. We also demonstrate that the resulting two-zone ADIOS models are not dynamically self-consistent without the introduction of an energy source close in to the central regions of the flow; we identify this with the energy liberated by accretion. We explore the parameter space of non-radiative models and show that both powerful winds and gentle breezes are possible. When small radiative losses (with fixed efficiency) are included, any centrally injected energy flux is radiated away and the system reverts to a power-law behaviour with n? 1, where n falls in a small range determined by the fractional level of radiative losses. We also present an ADIOS model for hypercritical (super-Eddington) disc accretion, in which the radiative losses are closely related to the flow geometry. We suggest that hyperaccretion can lead to either winds or breezes. C1 [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Begelman, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF [AST-0907872] FX I thank Phil Armitage, Kris Beckwith and Roger Blandford for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907872. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 420 IS 4 BP 2912 EP 2923 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20071.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 901AW UT WOS:000300935100014 ER PT J AU Kundu, S Johnson, PM Beers, KL AF Kundu, Santanu Johnson, Peter M. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Increasing Molecular Mass in Enzymatic Lactone Polymerizations SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; MECHANISM AB Using a model developed for the enzymecatalyzed polymerization and degradation of poly(caprolactone), we illustrate a method and the kinetic mechanisms necessary to improve molecular mass by manipulating equilibrium reactions in the kinetic pathway. For these polymerization/degradation reactions, a water/linear chain equilibrium controls the number of chains in solution. Here, we control the equilibrium by adding water-trapping molecular sieves in the batch polymerization reactions of ecaprolactone. While ring-opening rates were mostly unaffected, the molecular mass shifted to higher molecular masses after complete conversion was reached, and a good agreement between the experimental and modeling results was found. These results provide a framework to improve the molecular mass for enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of lactone. C1 [Kundu, Santanu; Johnson, Peter M.; Beers, Kathryn L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beers@nist.gov RI Kundu, Santanu/B-6842-2008 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 1 IS 3 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1021/mz2002005 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 914RO UT WOS:000301969600002 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B Li, XL AF Nikoobakht, Babak Li, Xiuling TI Two-Dimensional Nanomembranes: Can They Outperform Lower Dimensional Nanocrystals? SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANORODS; QUANTUM; NANOPARTICLES; MONOLAYERS; MEMBRANES; SURFACE; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Inorganic nanomembranes, analogues to graphene, are expected to impact a wide range of device concepts including thin-film or flexible platforms. Size-dependent properties and high surface area-two key characteristics of zero- (OD) and one-dimensional (1D) nanocrystals-are still present in most nanomembranes, rendering their use more probable in practical applications. These advantages make nanomembranes strong contenders for outpacing 0D and 1D nanocrystals, which are often difficult to integrate into commercial device technologies. This Perspective highlights important progress made by Wang et al. (doi: 10.1021/nn2050906) in large-scale fabrication of free-standing nanomembranes by using a solution-based technique, as reported in this issue of ACS Nano. The simplicity of this new approach and the elimination of typical delamination processes used in top-down nanomembrane fabrications are among the strengths of this technique. Areas for improvement along with an overview of other related work are also discussed. C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Xiuling] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babak.nikoobakht@nist.gov RI Li, Xiuling/A-2240-2010; Nikoobakht, Babak/D-7562-2011 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2012 VL 6 IS 3 BP 1883 EP 1887 DI 10.1021/nn300893x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 914JM UT WOS:000301945900002 PM 22414146 ER PT J AU Chen, B Stein, AF Castell, N de la Rosa, JD de la Campa, AMS Gonzalez-Castanedo, Y Draxler, RR AF Chen, Bing Stein, Ariel F. Castell, Nuria de la Rosa, Jesus D. Sanchez de la Campa, Ana M. Gonzalez-Castanedo, Yolanda Draxler, Roland R. TI Modeling and surface observations of arsenic dispersion from a large Cu-smelter in southwestern Europe SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Emission and transport; HYSPLIT; WRF ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOUTHERN SPAIN; PM10; POLLUTION; MORTALITY; ORIGIN; PM2.5 AB Arsenic is a toxic element for human health. Consequently, a mean annual target level for arsenic at 6 ng m(-3) in PM10 was established by the European Directive 2004/107/CE to take effect January 2013. Cu-smelters can contribute to one-third of total emissions of arsenic in the atmosphere. Surface observations taken near a large Cu-smelter in the city of Huelva (Spain) show hourly arsenic concentrations in the range of 0-20 ng m(-3). The arsenic peaks of 20 ng m(-3) are higher than values normally observed in urban areas around Europe by a factor of 10. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model has been employed to predict arsenic emissions, transport, and dispersion from the Cu-smelter. The model utilized outputs from different meteorological models and variations in the model physics options to simulate the uncertainty in the dispersion of the arsenic plume. Modeling outputs from the physics ensemble for each meteorological model driving HYSPLIT show the same number of arsenic peaks. HYSPLIT coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) meteorological output predicted the right number of peaks for arsenic concentration at the observation site. The best results were obtained when the WRF simulation used both four-dimensional data assimilation and surface analysis nudging. The prediction was good in local sea breeze circulations or when the flow was dominated by the synoptic scale prevailing winds. However, the predicted peak was delayed when the transport and dispersion was under the influence of an Atlantic cyclone. The calculated concentration map suggests that the plume from the Cu-smelter can cause arsenic pollution events in the city of Huelva as well as other cities and tourist areas in southwestern Spain. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stein, Ariel F.] Earth Resources & Technol Assignment NOAAs Air Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Chen, Bing; de la Rosa, Jesus D.; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana M.; Gonzalez-Castanedo, Yolanda] Univ Huelva, Univ Huelva Atrnospher Pollut, CSIC, Associate Unit, E-21071 Huelva, Spain. [Castell, Nuria] Inst Univ CFAM UMH, E-46980 Valencia, Spain. [Draxler, Roland R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), Earth Resources & Technol Assignment NOAAs Air Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/L-4456-2014; Gonzalez Castanedo, Yolanda/L-5078-2014; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/C-9385-2011 OI Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/0000-0003-1917-0280; Gonzalez Castanedo, Yolanda/0000-0002-1005-4892; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/0000-0001-6644-8754 FU Department of the Environment of the Autonomous Government of Andalusia; Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of the Autonomous Government of Andalusia [RNM2007-02729, RNM2007-03125]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [GRACCIE-CSD2007-0067, CGL2008-06270-C02-02/CLI]; Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa FX This research was financially supported by the Department of the Environment and the Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise (projects RNM2007-02729 and RNM2007-03125) of the Autonomous Government of Andalusia, and Projects GRACCIE-CSD2007-0067 and CGL2008-06270-C02-02/CLI of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The CEAM Foundation/UMH Research Institute is co-financed by the Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. NCEP reanalysis data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Also, we acknowledge Dr. Fantine Ngan for helping with the setting of the WRF data assimilation simulations. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HB UT WOS:000301553500013 ER PT J AU Myles, L Heuer, MW Meyers, TP Hoyett, ZJ AF Myles, LaToya Heuer, Mark W. Meyers, Tilden P. Hoyett, Zakiya J. TI A comparison of observed and parameterized SO2 dry deposition over a grassy clearing in Duke Forest SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sulfur dioxide; Flux-gradient technique; Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; Canopy resistance ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; AIR; VEGETATION; MODEL; VELOCITIES; PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; REMOVAL AB Deposition of trace gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), can affect plant and soil chemistry in different ecosystems. Measurements over a complex ecosystem, like a forest clearing, are necessary to determine more accurate deposition rates that can be used to improve parameterizations and models. The flux-gradient technique was used to determine SO2 fluxes over grass in a clearing at Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA on 25 June - 2 July 2008. The mean flux was -0.037 +/- 0.024 mu g m(-2) s(-1). Dew on the canopy enhanced the uptake of SO2, which increased deposition rates. Deposition velocities (V-d) fluctuated greatly with a mean of 1.00 +/- 0.48 cm s(-1). The large variation in V-d was not fully captured by estimates determined from a multilayer model (MLM) and a big-leaf model (BLM). Mean deposition velocities derived from the MLM and BLM were 1.25 +/- 0.21 cm s(-1) and 0.63 +/- 0.12 cm s(-1), respectively. The model estimations of V-d in this study were probably affected by uncertainties associated with canopy resistance, particularly with stomatal and non-stomatal processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Myles, LaToya; Heuer, Mark W.; Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Heuer, Mark W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hoyett, Zakiya J.] NOAA, Educ Partnership Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Myles, L (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM LaToya.Myles@noaa.gov RI Myles, LaToya/Q-2470-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture CSREES [35112]; NOAA FX This study was partially funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture CSREES Air Quality Program Grant # 35112 and by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. Z. Hoyett is grateful for support from the NOAA Educational Partnership Program Undergraduate Scholarship Program. The authors thank John Walker for site logistics and operation and Simone Klemenz for sample analysis. This work is a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.059 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HB UT WOS:000301553500024 ER PT J AU Alapaty, K Mathur, R Pleim, J Hogrefe, C Rao, ST Ramaswamy, V Galmarini, S Schaap, M Makar, P Vautard, R Baklanov, A Kallos, G Vogel, B Sokhi, R AF Alapaty, Kiran Mathur, Rohit Pleim, Jonathan Hogrefe, Christian Rao, S. Trivikrama Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam Galmarini, Stefano Schaap, Martijn Makar, Paul Vautard, Robert Baklanov, Alexander Kallos, George Vogel, Bernhard Sokhi, Ranjeet TI New Directions: Understanding interactions of air quality and climate change at regional scales SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Air quality-climate change interactions; AQMEII; Metrics for model intercomparison; Global climate modeling; Regional air quality modeling; Lateral boundary conditions; Model evaluation; Global-to-regional models; Emissions uncertainty C1 [Alapaty, Kiran; Mathur, Rohit; Pleim, Jonathan; Hogrefe, Christian; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Galmarini, Stefano] European Union Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy. [Schaap, Martijn] TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Makar, Paul] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kallos, George] Univ Athens, Sch Phys, Athens, Greece. [Vogel, Bernhard] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sokhi, Ranjeet] Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Rao, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rao.st@epa.gov; stefano.galmarini@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Vogel, Bernhard/A-9558-2013; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.016 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HB UT WOS:000301553500046 ER PT J AU Hilton, F Armante, R August, T Barnet, C Bouchard, A Camy-Peyret, C Capelle, V Clarisse, L Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF Collard, A Crevoisier, C Dufour, G Edwards, D Faijan, F Fourrie, N Gambacorta, A Goldberg, M Guidard, V Hurtmans, D Illingworth, S Jacquinet-Husson, N Kerzenmacher, T Klaes, D Lavanant, L Masiello, G Matricardi, M McNally, A Newman, S Pavelin, E Payan, S Pequignot, E Peyridieu, S Phulpin, T Remedios, J Schlussel, P Serio, C Strow, L Stubenrauch, C Taylor, J Tobin, D Wolf, W Zhou, D AF Hilton, Fiona Armante, Raymond August, Thomas Barnet, Chris Bouchard, Aurelie Camy-Peyret, Claude Capelle, Virginie Clarisse, Lieven Clerbaux, Cathy Coheur, Pierre-Francois Collard, Andrew Crevoisier, Cyril Dufour, Gaelle Edwards, David Faijan, Francois Fourrie, Nadia Gambacorta, Antonia Goldberg, Mitchell Guidard, Vincent Hurtmans, Daniel Illingworth, Samuel Jacquinet-Husson, Nicole Kerzenmacher, Tobias Klaes, Dieter Lavanant, Lydie Masiello, Guido Matricardi, Marco McNally, Anthony Newman, Stuart Pavelin, Edward Payan, Sebastien Pequignot, Eric Peyridieu, Sophie Phulpin, Thierry Remedios, John Schluessel, Peter Serio, Carmine Strow, Larrabee Stubenrauch, Claudia Taylor, Jonathan Tobin, David Wolf, Walter Zhou, Daniel TI HYPERSPECTRAL EARTH OBSERVATION FROM IASI Five Years of Accomplishments SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING INTERFEROMETER; INFRARED OPTICAL DEPTH; SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS; MIDTROPOSPHERIC CO2; SATELLITE RADIANCES; CLOUD PROPERTIES; WATER-VAPOR AB HYPERSPECTRAL EARTH OBSERVATION FROM IASI FIVE YEARS OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) forms the main infrared sounding component of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites's (EUMETSAT's) Meteorological Operation (Metop)-A satellite (Klaes et al. 2007), which was launched in October 2006. This article presents the results of the first 4 yr of the operational IASI mission. The performance of the instrument is shown to be exceptional in terms of calibration and stability. The quality of the data has allowed the rapid use of the observations in operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) and the development of new products for atmospheric chemistry and climate studies, some of which were unexpected before launch. The assimilation of IASI observations in NWP models provides a significant forecast impact; in most cases the impact has been shown to be at least as large as for any previous instrument. In atmospheric chemistry, global distributions of gases, such as ozone and carbon monoxide, can be produced in near real time, and short-lived species, such as ammonia or methanol, can be mapped, allowing the identification of new sources. The data have also shown the ability to track the location and chemistry of gaseous plumes and particles associated with volcanic eruptions and fires, providing valuable data for air quality monitoring and aircraft safety. IASI also contributes to the establishment of robust long-term data records of several essential climate variables. The suite of products being developed from IASI continues to expand as the data are investigated, and further impacts are expected from increased use of the data in NWP and climate studies in the coming years. The instrument has set a high standard for future operational hyperspectral infrared sounders and has demonstrated that such instruments have a vital role in the global observing system. (Page 347) C1 [Hilton, Fiona; Newman, Stuart; Pavelin, Edward; Taylor, Jonathan] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Armante, Raymond; Capelle, Virginie; Crevoisier, Cyril; Jacquinet-Husson, Nicole; Peyridieu, Sophie; Stubenrauch, Claudia] CNRS, IPSL, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [August, Thomas; Klaes, Dieter; Schluessel, Peter] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Barnet, Chris; Goldberg, Mitchell; Wolf, Walter] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Bouchard, Aurelie; Fourrie, Nadia; Guidard, Vincent] CNRS, CNRM, GAME, Paris, France. [Camy-Peyret, Claude; Payan, Sebastien] Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. [Clarisse, Lieven; Clerbaux, Cathy; Coheur, Pierre-Francois; Hurtmans, Daniel] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. [Clerbaux, Cathy] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Versailles, France. [Clerbaux, Cathy] CNRS, INSU, LATMOS, IPSL, Paris, France. [Collard, Andrew] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Dufour, Gaelle] Univ Paris 12, CNRS, LISA, Paris, France. [Dufour, Gaelle] Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. [Edwards, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Faijan, Francois; Lavanant, Lydie] Meteo France, Ctr Meteorol Spatiale, Lannion, France. [Gambacorta, Antonia] Dell Inc, Round Rock, TX USA. [Illingworth, Samuel; Remedios, John] Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. [Kerzenmacher, Tobias] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Masiello, Guido; Serio, Carmine] Univ Basilicata, DIFA, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Matricardi, Marco; McNally, Anthony] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Pequignot, Eric; Phulpin, Thierry] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Strow, Larrabee] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Tobin, David] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhou, Daniel] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Hilton, F (reprint author), Met Off, Fitzroy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM fiona.hilton@metoffice.gov.uk RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Illingworth, Samuel/A-4899-2015; Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013; Masiello, Guido/I-6459-2015; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013 OI Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; Illingworth, Samuel/0000-0003-2551-0675; Masiello, Guido/0000-0002-7986-8296; NR 109 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 347 EP 370 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00027.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913XJ UT WOS:000301910400015 ER PT J AU Rappaport, EN Jiing, JG Landsea, CW Murillo, ST Franklin, JL AF Rappaport, Edward N. Jiing, Jiann-Gwo Landsea, Christopher W. Murillo, Shirley T. Franklin, James L. TI THE JOINT HURRICANE TEST BED Its First Decade of Tropical Cyclone Research-To-Operations Activities Reviewed SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION; FORECASTS; ATLANTIC; SYSTEM AB THE JOINT HURRICANE TEST BED ITS FIRST DECADE OF TROPICAL CYCLONE RESEARCH-TO-OPERATIONS ACTIVITIES REVIEWED The Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) is reviewed at the completion of its first decade. Views of the program by hurricane forecasters at the National Hurricane Center, the test bed's impact on forecast accuracy, and highlights of the top-rated projects are presented. Key concerns encountered by the test bed are identified as possible "lessons learned" for future research-to-operations efforts. The paper concludes with thoughts on the potential changing role of the JHT. (Page 371) C1 [Rappaport, Edward N.; Jiing, Jiann-Gwo; Landsea, Christopher W.; Franklin, James L.] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. [Murillo, Shirley T.] Hurricane Res Div, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. RP Rappaport, EN (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM edward.n.rappaport@noaa.gov RI Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014 OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 371 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00037.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913XJ UT WOS:000301910400016 ER PT J AU Duan, YH Gong, JD Du, J Charron, M Chen, J Deng, G DiMego, G Hara, M Kunii, M Li, XL Li, YL Saito, K Seko, H Wang, Y Wittmann, C AF Duan, Yihong Gong, Jiandong Du, Jun Charron, Martin Chen, Jing Deng, Guo DiMego, Geoff Hara, Masahiro Kunii, Masaru Li, Xiaoli Li, Yinglin Saito, Kazuo Seko, Hiromu Wang, Yong Wittmann, Christoph TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE BEIJING 2008 OLYMPICS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (B08RDP) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; BREEDING METHOD; PERTURBATIONS; VERIFICATION; FORMULATION; TRANSFORM; DESIGN; NCEP; JMA AB AN OVERVIEW OF THE BEIJING 2008 OLYMPICS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (B08RDP) The Beijing 2008 Olympics Research and Development Project (B08RDP), initiated in 2004 under the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme (WWRP), undertook the research and development of mesoscale ensemble prediction systems (MEPSs) and their application to weather forecast support during the Beijing Olympic Games. Six MEPSs from six countries, representing the state-of-the-art regional EPSs with near-real-time capabilities and emphasizing on the 6-36-h forecast lead times, participated in the project. The background, objectives, and implementation of B08RDP, as well as the six MEPSs, are reviewed. The accomplishments are summarized, which include 1) providing value-added service to the Olympic Games, 2) advancing MEPS-related research, 3) accelerating the transition from research to operations, and 4) training forecasters in utilizing forecast uncertainty products. The B08RDP has fulfilled its research (MEPS development) and demonstration (value-added service) purposes. The research conducted covers the areas of verification, examining the value of MEPS relative to other numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems, combining multimodel or multicenter ensembles, bias correction, ensemble perturbations [initial condition (IC), lateral boundary condition (LBC), land surface IC, and model physics], downscaling, forecast applications, data assimilation, and storm-scale ensemble modeling. Seven scientific issues important to MEPS have been identified. It is recognized that the daily use of forecast uncertainty information by forecasters remains a challenge. Development of forecaster-friendly products and training. activities should be a long-term effort and needs to be continuously enhanced. The B08RDP dataset is also a valuable asset to the research community. The experience gained in international collaboration, organization, and implementation of a multination regional EPS for a common goal and to address common scientific issues can be shared by the ongoing projects The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble-Limited Area Models (TIGGE-LAM) and North American Ensemble Forecast System-Limited Area Models (NAEFS-LAM). (Page 381) C1 [Duan, Yihong; Gong, Jiandong; Chen, Jing; Deng, Guo; Li, Xiaoli; Li, Yinglin] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun; DiMego, Geoff] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Charron, Martin] Environm Canada, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. [Hara, Masahiro; Kunii, Masaru; Saito, Kazuo; Seko, Hiromu] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Li, Xiaoli] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Wang, Yong; Wittmann, Christoph] Zent Anstalt Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria. RP Duan, YH (reprint author), Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, 46 Zhongguancun S St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM duanyh@cma.gov.cn NR 61 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 381 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00115.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913XJ UT WOS:000301910400017 ER PT J AU Marsh, PT Brooks, HE AF Marsh, Patrick T. Brooks, Harold E. TI Comments on "Tornado Risk Analysis: Is Dixie Alley an Extension of Tornado Alley?" SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROBABILITY C1 [Marsh, Patrick T.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Marsh, Patrick T.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Marsh, Patrick T.; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Marsh, PT (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 405 EP 407 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00200.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913XJ UT WOS:000301910400018 ER PT J AU Twiner, MJ El-Ladki, R Kilcoyne, J Doucette, GJ AF Twiner, Michael J. El-Ladki, Racha Kilcoyne, Jane Doucette, Gregory J. TI Comparative Effects of the Marine Algal Toxins Azaspiracid-1,-2, and-3 on Jurkat T Lymphocyte Cells SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; N-TERMINAL KINASE; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CASPASE ACTIVATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BLUE MUSSELS; SHELLFISH; ANALOGS; POTENT AB Azaspiracids (AZA) are polyether marine toxins of dinoflagellate origin that accumulate in shellfish and represent an emerging human health risk. Although monitored and regulated in many European and Asian countries, there are no monitoring programs or regulatory requirements in the United States for this toxin group. This did not prove to be a problem until June 2009 when AZAs were identified in US seafood for the first time resulting in human intoxications and further expanding their global distribution. Efforts are now underway in several laboratories to better define the effects and mechanism(s) of action for the AZAs. Our investigations have employed Jurkat T lymphocyte cells as an in vitro model to characterize the toxicological effects of AZA1, AZA2, and AZA3. Cytotoxicity experiments employing a metabolically based dye (i.e., MTS) indicated that AZA1, AZA2, and AZA3 each elicited a lethal response that was both concentration- and time-dependent, with EC50 values in the sub- to low nanomolar range. On the basis of ECK, comparisons, the order of potency was as follows: AZA2 > AZA3 > AZA1, with toxic equivalence factors (TEFs) relative to AZA1 of 8.3-fold and 4.5-fold greater for AZA2 and AZA3, respectively. Image analysis of exposed cells using Nomarski differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging and fluorescent imaging of cellular actin indicated that the morphological effects of AZA1 on this cell type are unique relative to the effects of AZA2 and AZA3. Collectively, our data support the growing body of evidence suggesting that natural analogues of AZA are highly potent and that they may have multiple molecular targets. C1 [Twiner, Michael J.; El-Ladki, Racha] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Kilcoyne, Jane] Inst Marine, Oranmore, Co Galway, Ireland. [Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Twiner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM mtwiner@umd.umich.edu RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; OI Kilcoyne, Jane/0000-0002-1219-7731 FU UM-D Office of Research; European Community [221117] FX This project has been financially supported in part by a UM-D Office of Research and Sponsored Programs Faculty Initiation and Seed Grant and the Irish National Development Plan (NDP) under the ASTOX2 project within the seventh European Community Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 221117. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 3 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.1021/tx200553p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 910GN UT WOS:000301625300022 PM 22375692 ER PT J AU Bergstad, OA Menezes, GMM Hoines, AS Gordon, JDM Galbraith, JK AF Bergstad, Odd Aksel Menezes, Gui M. M. Hoines, Age S. Gordon, John D. M. Galbraith, John K. TI Patterns of distribution of deepwater demersal fishes of the North Atlantic mid-ocean ridge, continental slopes, islands and seamounts SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Fish; Demersal; Deepwater; North Atlantic; Mid-Atlantic ridge; Seamounts ID PORCUPINE SEABIGHT; ROCKALL TROUGH; NEW-ENGLAND; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SEA FISHES; FAUNA; ICHTHYOFAUNA; ECOLOGY; RECORDS AB Basin-scale spatial and depth-related distribution patterns of deepwater demersal fishes were analysed using bottom trawl datasets from the North Atlantic continental margin, slopes of oceanic islands and seamounts, and the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Depth-stratified presence-absence data for 593 species were compiled from fisheries-independent trawl studies with full species lists. The datasets comprised trawls conducted on the upper continental slope (200 m) to abyssal depths, and 750 m wide depth strata were used. Number of species and families declined with depth in all areas. Species number was highest in the western North Atlantic, significantly lower on the mid-Atlantic Ridge and eastern North Atlantic. Observed species numbers are also low in southern areas (Bahamas, NW Africa, southerly seamounts), but the sampling effort in these waters has been much less than in northern sites. Fish assemblages vary by depth, latitude and longitude, and the study corroborates earlier suggestions that assemblages are broadly distributed in relation to regional circulation and watermass features. The mid-Atlantic Ridge assemblages between Iceland and the Azores are most similar to those on eastern North Atlantic slopes and rises, rather dissimilar to all others, including western Atlantic, Greenland, northwest Africa and Azorean seamount and island assemblages. Across the North Atlantic differences between subareas are strongest at slope depths, much less pronounced at the less speciose rise and abyssal depths. Demersal fish biomass estimates suggest that the American slope (New England) has low biomass compared with Newfoundland and European areas, and that the supposedly oligotrophic mid-Atlantic Ridge has a level of biomass similar to or higher than the European margin. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bergstad, Odd Aksel] Inst Marine Res, N-4817 Flodevigen, His, Norway. [Menezes, Gui M. M.] Univ Acores, Dept Oceanografia & Pescas, P-9901862 Cais De Santa Cruz, Horta, Portugal. [Hoines, Age S.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Gordon, John D. M.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA33 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Galbraith, John K.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bergstad, OA (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, N-4817 Flodevigen, His, Norway. EM oddaksel@imr.no; gui@uac.pt; aage.hoines@imr.no; gordonjdm@hotmail.com; jgalbrai@mercury.wh.whoi.edu RI Menezes, Gui/A-3956-2009; OI Menezes, Gui/0000-0003-0781-4579; Bergstad, Odd Aksel/0000-0002-4096-0896 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 61 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.12.002 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 913OT UT WOS:000301888000007 ER PT J AU He, MX Hogue, TS AF He, Minxue Hogue, Terri S. TI Integrating hydrologic modeling and land use projections for evaluation of hydrologic response and regional water supply impacts in semi-arid environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Urbanization; Watershed; Hydrology; Water supply; HSPF; California ID STREAM TEMPERATURE SIMULATION; FORESTED RIPARIAN AREAS; RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; URBANIZATION; SCALE; CALIFORNIA; QUALITY; RUNOFF; RESTORATION AB Semi-arid environments are generally more sensitive to urbanization than humid regions in terms of both hydrologic modifications and water resources sustainability. The current study integrates hydrologic modeling and land use projections to predict long-term impacts of urbanization on hydrologic behavior and water supply in semi-arid regions. The study focuses on the Upper Santa Clara River basin in northern Los Angeles County, CA, USA, which is undergoing rapid and extensive development. The semi-distributed Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) model is parameterized with land use, soil, and channel characteristics of the study watershed. Model parameters related to hydrologic processes are calibrated at the daily time step using various spatial configurations of precipitation and parameters. Potential urbanization scenarios are generated on the basis of a regional development plan. The calibrated (and validated) model is run under the proposed development scenarios for a 10 year period. Results reveal that increasing development increases total annual runoff and wet season flows, while decreases are observed in existing baseflow and groundwater recharge during both dry and wet seasons. As development increases, medium-sized storms increase in both peak flow and overall volume, while low and high flow events (extremes) appear less affected. Urbanization is also shown to decrease natural recharge and, when considered at the regional scale, may result in a loss of critical water supply to Southern California. The current study provides a coupled framework for a decision support tool that can guide efforts involved in regional urban development planning and water supply management. C1 [He, Minxue; Hogue, Terri S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [He, Minxue] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP He, MX (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM minxuehe@gmail.com FU University of California Water Resources Center [WR-1007] FX This research was supported by funds from the University of California Water Resources Center (#WR-1007). The authors would like to acknowledge the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works and the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County for supplying precipitation data and discharge data from two wastewater reclamation plants, respectively. The authors also thank Rachel Stoll from the City of Santa Clarita and Hossein Nosseri (UCLA) for assistance with the regional development plan. The authors also appreciate the suggestions provided by Tom Jobes in model development. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 88 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1671 EP 1685 DI 10.1007/s12665-011-1144-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 898VS UT WOS:000300771100006 ER PT J AU Wahl, ER Diaz, HF Ohlwein, C AF Wahl, Eugene R. Diaz, Henry F. Ohlwein, Christian TI A pollen-based reconstruction of summer temperature in central North America and implications for circulation patterns during medieval times SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE medieval climate anomaly; temperature reconstruction; paleoclimate; NAO; Wisconsin; pollen ID SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU; LATE-HOLOCENE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; TREE-RINGS; DROUGHT; CALIFORNIA; USA; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION AB We present a reconstruction of mean summer temperature for the northern Midwest of the USA based on lacustrine pollen records from three different lakes in Wisconsin. The results suggest a relatively warm period during the earlier part of the record (similar to 1200-1500 CE) followed by a cooler Little Ice Age (similar to 1500-1900) and a subsequent warming to modern conditions. The reconstructed modern summer mean temperature is in good agreement with observations, and the decades of the 1930s to 1950s appear to be the warmest such period in the proxy record (through 1974). Analyses of circulation features associated with the warmest summers in the recent climate record suggest a prevalence of continental ridging accompanied by generally dry conditions during these warm summers in the Midwest. Drought reconstruction using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and tree-ring records as predictors also yield relatively dry conditions in medieval times for the central US. As reported in a number of recent studies, possible forcing mechanisms include La Nina-like conditions in the equatorial Pacific and warmer than average waters in the tropical Indo-western Pacific Ocean possibly coupled to a positive mode of the AMO/NAO North Atlantic circulation pattern. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA NCDC Paleoclimatol, Boulder, CO USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Ohlwein, Christian] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Wahl, ER (reprint author), NOAA NCDC Paleoclimatol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM Eugene.R.Wahl@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAR PY 2012 VL 84-85 SI SI BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.10.005 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 911WB UT WOS:000301750700009 ER PT J AU Solomon, GS Flagg, EB Polyakov, SV Thomay, T Muller, A AF Solomon, Glenn S. Flagg, Edward B. Polyakov, Sergey V. Thomay, Tim Muller, Andreas TI Manipulating single photons from disparate quantum sources to be indistinguishable [Invited] SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; UP-CONVERSION; INTERFERENCE; LIGHT; MEMORY; DOT; COMMUNICATION; WAVELENGTHS; TIME AB Quantum information networks will likely require different quantum systems for different functionality within the network. Indistinguishable photons can be used to interconnect these different subsystems. We discuss methods for coherently manipulating the single photons from different quantum systems and experimentally demonstrate spatial, temporal, and frequency matching of single photons using quantum dot and heralded parametric down-conversion single photons. The bosonic nature of light insures that when two indistinguishable photons are superimposed on a beam splitter, they will form a single two-photon state, a process we call coalescence. This coalescence property can be used as both a fundamental test of indistinguishability and in quantum networks -connecting and propagating quantum information. C1 [Solomon, Glenn S.; Flagg, Edward B.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Thomay, Tim; Muller, Andreas] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Flagg, Edward B.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Thomay, Tim; Muller, Andreas] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Thomay, Tim] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Solomon, GS (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. EM glenn.solomon@nist.gov RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 FU National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; National Institute of Standards and Technology at University of Maryland FX We thank Elizabeth Goldschmidt for helpful discussions. We acknowledge partial support from the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. T. Thomay acknowledges support through the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Fellowship program at University of Maryland. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 319 EP 327 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904GN UT WOS:000301182500010 ER PT J AU Bezares, FJ Caldwell, JD Glembocki, O Rendell, RW Feygelson, M Ukaegbu, M Kasica, R Shirey, L Bassim, ND Hosten, C AF Bezares, Francisco J. Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest Rendell, Ronald W. Feygelson, Mariya Ukaegbu, Maraizu Kasica, Richard Shirey, Loretta Bassim, Nabil D. Hosten, Charles TI The Role of Propagating and Localized Surface Plasmons for SERS Enhancement in Periodic Nanostructures SO PLASMONICS LA English DT Article DE SERS; Surface plasmons; E-beam lithography; Molecular detection; Plasmonics ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; FILM; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOPARTICLE; SILVER; THIOPHENOL; ARRAYS; AG AB Periodic arrays of plasmonic nanopillars have been shown to provide large, uniform surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancements. We show that these enhancements are the result of the combined impact of localized and propagating surface plasmon modes within the plasmonic architecture. Here, arrays of periodically arranged silicon nanopillars of varying sizes and interpillar gaps were fabricated to enable the exploration of the SERS response from two different structures; one featuring only localized surface plasmon (LSP) modes and the other featuring LSP and propagating (PSP) modes. It is shown that the LSP modes determine the optimal architecture, and thereby determine the optimum diameter for the structures at a given incident. However, the increase in the SERS enhancement factor for a system in which LSP and PSP cooperatively interact was measured to be over an order of magnitude higher and the peak in the diameter dependence was significantly broadened, thus, such structures not only provide larger enhancement factors but are also more forgiving of lithographic variations. C1 [Bezares, Francisco J.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest; Rendell, Ronald W.; Feygelson, Mariya; Shirey, Loretta; Bassim, Nabil D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ukaegbu, Maraizu; Hosten, Charles] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bezares, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM francisco.bezares.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 FU Naval Research Laboratory's Nanoscience Institute; American Society of Engineering Education FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Doewon Park and Robert Bass for their advice involving e-beam lithography. We also would like to express our thanks to Drs. James Long and Jeff Owrutsky for their helpful discussions. We also recognize the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at NIST in Gaithersburg, MD, USA, for the electron-beam lithography. The authors recognize funding support through the Naval Research Laboratory's Nanoscience Institute. F. J. Bezares acknowledges the support of the American Society of Engineering Education Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1955 J9 PLASMONICS JI Plasmonics PD MAR PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s11468-011-9287-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 908HB UT WOS:000301480400021 ER PT J AU Neumann, D AF Neumann, Daniel TI Improving Access to NOAA's Hydrographic Survey Metadata Office of Coast Survey Continues to Add and Verify Survey Data to National Ocean Service Database SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Neumann, D (reprint author), NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 53 IS 3 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 915TB UT WOS:000302049200006 ER PT J AU Akanda, AS Jutla, AS Gute, DM Evans, T Islam, S AF Akanda, Ah S. Jutla, Antarpreet S. Gute, David M. Evans, Timothy Islam, Shafiqul TI Reinforcing cholera intervention through prediction-aided prevention SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Akanda, Ah S.; Gute, David M.; Islam, Shafiqul] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Jutla, Antarpreet S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Evans, Timothy] BRAC Univ, James P Grant Sch Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Akanda, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Coll Ave, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM ali.akanda@tufts.edu FU CCR NIH HHS [1RC1TW008587-01]; FIC NIH HHS [RC1 TW008587] NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 90 IS 3 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.2471/BLT.11.092189 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 908BV UT WOS:000301466300018 PM 22461722 ER PT J AU Martino, EJ Houde, ED AF Martino, E. J. Houde, E. D. TI Density-dependent regulation of year-class strength in age-0 juvenile striped bass (Morone saxatilis) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-YEAR; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; WESTERN WADDEN SEA; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; HUDSON RIVER; ZOOPLANKTON PREY; SALMO-TRUTTA; WHITE PERCH; BROWN TROUT; EARLY-LIFE AB Abundance of age-0 striped bass (Morone saxatilis) exhibits 50-fold variability in Chesapeake Bay. Processes that act to reduce and thus regulate this variability were investigated. The potential for density-dependent regulation of growth and mortality in the early juvenile stage and its causes were investigated. Data from multiple seine and trawl surveys in upper Chesapeake Bay and tributaries were analyzed to construct growth and mortality indices having a high degree of spatial and temporal resolution. Age-0 mean lengths in September were inversely related to density, ranging from 67.8 mm in 1994, when mean density was 0.036.m(-2), to 104.5 mm in 1992, when mean density was 0.003.m(-2). Except for the Potomac River, evidence for density-dependent growth was consistent across subpopulations. Bioenergetics modeling indicated that prey consumption was limiting except in low-abundance years. Mortality increased with respect to abundance and also was density-dependent. The significant interaction between age-0 juvenile length in September and subsequent winter temperature on mortality indicated that density-dependent growth leads to size-selective overwinter mortality. A statistical model including age-0 abundances, age-0 lengths, and winter temperature explained a substantial fraction of variability and the mechanisms for regulation of striped bass recruitment. C1 [Martino, E. J.; Houde, E. D.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Martino, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM Ed.Martino@noaa.gov RI Houde, Edward/D-8498-2012 FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-0002543, OCE-0453905]; Maryland Sea Grant Graduate Research Fellowship; MDDNR; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Oxford Laboratory (NOAA-COL); RV Orion; RV Aquarius; RV Cape Henlopen FX We appreciate the dedicated work of John Bichy, William Connelly, and Carlos Lozano, who assisted in the field and laboratory. We appreciate insights provided by David Secor on anadromous fish habitat use and dispersal and by Kenny Rose on density dependence and compensatory mechanisms in fishes. Eric Durrell provided information on sampling and data from MDDNR juvenile fish survey. Age-0 juvenile striped bass length and abundance data for Virginia were provided by VIMS. Benthic invertebrate and water quality data were provided by the Chesapeake Bay Program. We are grateful for support provided by the captains and crews on board the RV Orion, RV Aquarius, and RV Cape Henlopen. This research, a component of BITMAX (biological interactions in the estuarine turbidity maximum), was supported by US National Science Foundation Grants No. OCE-0002543 and OCE-0453905 and a Maryland Sea Grant Graduate Research Fellowship. We also thank MDDNR and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Oxford Laboratory (NOAA-COL) for partial support during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 3 BP 430 EP 446 DI 10.1139/F2011-149 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 905VC UT WOS:000301303000002 ER PT J AU Steel, EA Jensen, DW Burnett, KM Christiansen, K Firman, JC Feist, BE Anlauf, KJ Larsen, DP AF Steel, E. A. Jensen, D. W. Burnett, K. M. Christiansen, K. Firman, J. C. Feist, B. E. Anlauf, K. J. Larsen, D. P. TI Landscape characteristics and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) distributions: explaining abundance versus occupancy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COASTAL OREGON; STREAM HABITAT; REDD COUNTS; MODELS AB Distribution of fishes, both occupancy and abundance, is often correlated with landscape-scale characteristics (e. g., geology, climate, and human disturbance). Understanding these relationships is essential for effective conservation of depressed populations. We used landscape characteristics to explain the distribution of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon Plan data set, one of the first long-term, probabilistic salmon monitoring data sets covering the full range of potential habitats. First we compared data structure and model performance between the Oregon Plan data set and two published data sets on coho salmon distribution. Most of the variation in spawner abundance occurred between reaches but much also occurred between years, limiting potential model performance. Similar suites of landscape predictors are correlated with coho salmon distribution across regions and data sets. We then modeled coho salmon spawner distribution using the Oregon Plan data set and determined that landscape characteristics could not explain presence vs. absence of spawners but that the percentage of agriculture, winter temperature range, and the intrinsic potential of the stream could explain some variation in abundance (weighted average R-2 = 0.30) where spawners were present. We conclude that the previous use of nonrandom monitoring data sets may have obscured understanding of species distribution, and we suggest minor modifications to large-scale monitoring programs. C1 [Steel, E. A.; Jensen, D. W.; Feist, B. E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Firman, J. C.; Anlauf, K. J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Larsen, D. P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM asteel@fs.fed.us OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank George Pess, Martin Liermann, and Phil Roni, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, for constructive reviews of early stages of the manuscript. We also thank four anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive suggestions. This work was funded by a grant from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board with additional support from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 3 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1139/F2011-161 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 905VC UT WOS:000301303000004 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Dalton, M Hilborn, R AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Dalton, Michael Hilborn, Ray TI Quantitative risk measures applied to Alaskan commercial fisheries SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VALUE-AT-RISK; RANDOM FOREST; FISH STOCKS; MANAGEMENT; CLASSIFICATION; REGRESSION; HISTORY; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES; MACHINE AB Risk measures can summarize the complex variability inherent in fisheries management into simple metrics. We use quantitative risk measures from investment theory to analyze catch and revenue risks for 90 commercial fisheries in Alaska, USA, nearly a complete census. We estimate the relationship between fishery characteristics and catch risk using nonparametric random forest regression to identify attributes associated with high or low risks. Catch and revenue risks for individual Alaskan fisheries are substantial and are higher than risks for farmed food alternatives. Revenue risks are greater than catch risks for most fisheries, indicating that price variability is an additional source of risk to fishermen. Regression results indicate that higher productivity species tend to be higher risk, and there is an increasing gradient of risk moving north and west across Alaskan waters, with the remote western Bering Sea fisheries tending to have the highest risks. Low risk fisheries generally have large catches and support larger fleets. Finally, fisheries with greater catch history under some form of dedicated access privileges tend to have lower catch risks. C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dalton, Michael] NOAA Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM sasethi@gmail.com RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 FU National Science Foundation; Moore Foundation; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Mike Plotnick and Stephen Wright at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for providing fisheries price information and Sue Benz of the US Department of Agriculture for Alaska agricultural production data. We thank Ben Fissel, Dan Huppert, Andre Punt, two anonymous reviewers, and CJFAS editorial staff for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. S. A. S. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and by the Moore Foundation funded UW Alaska Salmon Program. S. A. S. and M. D. also received support from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Government. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 69 IS 3 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1139/F2011-170 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 905VC UT WOS:000301303000006 ER PT J AU James, CA Kershner, J Samhouri, J O'Neill, S Levin, PS AF James, C. Andrew Kershner, Jessi Samhouri, Jameal O'Neill, Sandra Levin, Phillip S. TI A Methodology for Evaluating and Ranking Water Quantity Indicators in Support of Ecosystem-Based Management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem-based management; EBM; Water quantity; Indicators; Puget Sound ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; PUGET-SOUND REGION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; NORTH-AMERICA; URBAN STREAMS; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) is an approach that includes different management priorities and requires a balance between anthropogenic and ecological resource demands. Indicators can be used to monitor ecosystem status and trends, and assess whether projects and/or programs are leading to the achievement of management goals. As such, the careful selection of a suite of indicators is a crucial exercise. In this paper we describe an indicator evaluation and selection process designed to support the EBM approach in Puget Sound. The first step in this process was the development of a general framework for selecting indicators. The framework, designed to transparently include both scientific and policy considerations into the selection and evaluation process, was developed and then utilized in the organization and determination of a preliminary set of indicators. Next, the indicators were assessed against a set of nineteen distinct criteria that describe the model characteristics of an indicator. A literature review was performed for each indicator to determine the extent to which it satisfied each of the evaluation criteria. The result of each literature review was summarized in a numerical matrix, allowing comparison, and demonstrating the extent of scientific reliability. Finally, an approach for ranking indicators was developed to explore the effects of intended purpose on indicator selection. We identified several sets of scientifically valid and policy-relevant indicators that included metrics such as annual-7 day low flow and water system reliability, which are supportive of the EBM approach in the Puget Sound. C1 [James, C. Andrew] Univ Washington, Ctr Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Kershner, Jessi] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal; O'Neill, Sandra; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP James, CA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Urban Waters, POB 358438, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM jamesca@u.washington.edu FU Puget Sound Partnership; Puget Sound Institute FX The authors thank Mary Ruckelshaus and members of the Puget Sound Partnership Science Panel for comments on earlier drafts of this work. We are indebted to many scientists throughout Puget Sound who have worked on ecosystem indicators. This works stands on their shoulders. PSL thanks C. Horner for highlighting numerous alternative indicators of success. We would also like to thank Dr. Mazor and the one anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful review of this manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Puget Sound Partnership and the Puget Sound Institute. NR 113 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 703 EP 719 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9808-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905TZ UT WOS:000301299400016 PM 22302224 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Weng, FZ Han, Y Liu, QH AF Chen, Yong Weng, Fuzhong Han, Yong Liu, Quanhua TI Planck-Weighted Transmittance and Correction of Solar Reflection for Broadband Infrared Satellite Channels SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; RADIANCE AB The line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) is used to derive the channel transmittances. The channel transmittance from a level to the top of the atmosphere can be approximated by three methods: Planck-weighted transmittance 1 (PW1), Planck-weighted transmittance 2 (PW2), and non-Planck-weighted transmittance (ORD). The PW1 method accounts for a radiance variation across the instrument's spectral response function (SRF) and the Planck function is calculated with atmospheric layer temperature, whereas the PW2 method accounts for the variation based on the temperatures at the interface between atmospheric layers. For channels with broad SRFs, the brightness temperatures (BTs) derived from the ORD are less accurate than these from either PW1 or PW2. Furthermore, the BTs from PW1 are more accurate than these from PW2, and the BT differences between PW1 and PW2 increase with atmospheric optical thickness. When the band correction is larger than 1, the PW1 method should be used to account for the Planck radiance variation across the instrument's SRF. When considering the solar contribution in daytime, the correction of the solar reflection has been made for near-infrared broadband channels (similar to 3.7 mu m) when using PW1 transmittance. The solar transmittance is predicted by using explanatory variables, such as PW1 transmittance, the secant of zenith angle, and the surface temperature. With this correction, the errors can be significantly reduced. C1 [Chen, Yong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong; Han, Yong] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Dell Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd,Room 703, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yong.chen@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX The authors thank David Groff for his detailed corrections and comments. Thanks also extended to Dr. Xingming Liang for his internal review, and two anonymous reviewers for their very useful suggestions to improve our paper. This research was supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 Project 2010CB951600 and the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the author(s) and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 382 EP 396 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00102.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911WO UT WOS:000301754700008 ER PT J AU Richardson, SJ Miles, NL Davis, KJ Crosson, ER Rella, CW Andrews, AE AF Richardson, Scott J. Miles, Natasha L. Davis, Kenneth J. Crosson, Eric R. Rella, Chris W. Andrews, Arlyn E. TI Field Testing of Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Analyzers Measuring Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Prevalent methods for making high-accuracy tower-based measurements of the CO2 mixing ratio. notably nondispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR), require frequent system calibration and sample drying. Wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) is an emerging laser-based technique with the advantages of improved stability and concurrent water vapor measurements. Results are presented from 30 months of field measurements from WS-CRDS systems at five sites in the upper Midwest of the United States. These systems were deployed in support of the North American Carbon Program's Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI) from May 2007 to November 2009. Excluding one site. 2 sigma of quasi-daily magnitudes of the drifts, before applying field calibrations, are less than 0.38 ppm over the entire 30-month field deployment. After applying field calibrations using known tanks sampled every 20 h, residuals from known values are, depending on site, from 0.02 +/- 0.14 to 0.17 +/- 0.07 ppm. Eight months of WS-CRDS measurements collocated with a National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA)/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) NDIR system at West Branch, Iowa, show median daytime-only differences of -0.13 +/- 0.63 ppm on a daily time scale. C1 [Richardson, Scott J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Crosson, Eric R.; Rella, Chris W.] Picarro Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Richardson, SJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, 414 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM srichardson@psu.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-FG02-06ER64315]; U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA/Office [NA08OAR4310533] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge tower personnel (K. Hosman, F. Jenkins, D. Vandiver, D. McSorely, R. Book, R. Dodds, and R. Cook) for allowing tower access and for on-site help; without their cooperation this work would not have been possible. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science TCP Program (DE-FG02-06ER64315) and the U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA/Office of Global Programs (NA08OAR4310533). Mid-Continental Intensive tower data are available online (http://ring2.psu.edu). NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00063.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911WO UT WOS:000301754700009 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GR Breck, JE Hook, TO AF Jacobs, Gregory R. Breck, James E. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Growth-mediated seasonal energy allocation patterns of young-of-year largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth; life-history; storage; structure; condition ID BODY-COMPOSITION; LAKE-MICHIGAN; FISH; SIZE; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; MODELS; RATION AB In temperate environments, seasonal selective sources of mortality (e.g., starvation and predation) may drive season-specific energy allocation patterns of young-of-year fish. However, when quantifying such phenomena, the effect of ration is rarely considered. We conducted two experiments to investigate the effect of ration on seasonal energy allocation patterns of age-0 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) during summer and fall. In a laboratory experiment designed to evaluate short-term effects of ration on energy allocation, recent ration history strongly affected body dimensions and length-adjusted energy content. In outdoor raceways, young largemouth bass grew at different rates under different ration levels. In response, length-adjusted energy content, a size-independent index of condition, differed among raceway ration treatments during late summer. However, during fall, high- and low-growth treatment fish expressed similar length-adjusted energy content. Thus, while low-growth fish appeared to allocate a disproportionately low amount of energy to growth of energy-rich storage tissue during late summer, as winter approached, low-growth fish switched and instead allocated a disproportionately high amount of energy to storage tissue. We conclude that energy availability (via ration level) affects short-term energy allocation patterns and may interactively influence seasonal shifts in energy allocation patterns. C1 [Jacobs, Gregory R.; Breck, James E.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jacobs, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Breck, James E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jacobs, GR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM grjacobs@umich.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1080/02705060.2011.606983 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 911YC UT WOS:000301759600006 ER PT J AU Wang, TN Bailey, SA Reid, DF Johengen, TH Jenkins, PT Wiley, CJ Maclsaac, HJ AF Wang, Tony N. Bailey, Sarah A. Reid, David F. Johengen, Thomas H. Jenkins, Philip T. Wiley, Chris J. Maclsaac, Hugh J. TI Efficacy of NaCl brine for treatment of ballast water against freshwater invasions SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biocide; Laurentian Great Lakes; Invasive species; Sodium chloride brine; Vector management; Zooplankton ID PROPAGULE PRESSURE; DIAPAUSING EGGS; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; SALINITY TOLERANCE; INVERTEBRATE EGGS; GREAT-LAKES; SHIPS; ZOOPLANKTON; EXCHANGE; SEDIMENT AB Currently, all transoceanic vessels entering the Great Lakes must perform ballast water exchange or saltwater flushing, procedures designed to reduce the risk of new biological invasions from ballast water. Vessels not in compliance with these regulations presently have limited, often costly, and/or time-consuming alternatives available. Treatment with sodium chloride brine at an initial concentration of 230 parts per thousand has been proposed as an emergency ballast water management option and is examined here. Six shipboard trials were conducted under operational conditions to determine the efficacy of brine ballast water treatment. Trials were conducted on three vessels with full ballast tanks and on three vessels with only residual ballast water. Brine distribution in tanks was adequate, noting that vessel movement was essential to ensure mixing into ballast water or ballast residuals. Once mixing has occurred, approximately 25 hour exposure to 45 parts per thousand brine or 1 hour exposure to 115 parts per thousand brine is required to effectively exterminate freshwater zooplankton. Brine appears to be a cost-effective and relatively safe procedure that could be implemented immediately for emergency treatment of non-compliant ballast water to reduce risk of new invasions in the Great Lakes. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Tony N.; Bailey, Sarah A.; Maclsaac, Hugh J.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Bailey, Sarah A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Reid, David F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jenkins, Philip T.] Philip T Jenkins & Associates Ltd, Fonthill, ON L0S 1E1, Canada. [Wiley, Chris J.] Fisheries & Ocean Canada, Transport Canada, Sarnia, ON N7T 2M4, Canada. RP Wang, TN (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM tonyncwang@gmail.com; sarah.bailey@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; dfrAISC@comcast.net; tom.johengen@noaa.gov; seafarer1@sympatico.ca; chris.wiley@tc.gc.ca; hughm@uwindsor.ca RI Bailey, Sarah/E-8356-2010 FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Transport Canada; NSERC's Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; NSERC; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank J. Bradie, F. Chan, B. Davey, M. Deneau, J. Gerlofsma and K. Wood for assistance in the field. We also thank Algoma Tankers, Canfornav Inc., Imperial Oil and the St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corporation for their participation in this study, with special thanks to E. Francis, K. Minkoff and ships' crews. Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Transport Canada, NSERC's Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, NSERC Discovery Grants to SAB and HJM, and by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aquatic Invasive Species Program. GLERL Contribution #1599. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TE UT WOS:000301513900008 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Vanderploeg, HA Warner, DM Schaeffer, JS Ludsin, SA Claramunt, RM Nalepa, TF AF Pothoven, Steven A. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Warner, David M. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Ludsin, Stuart A. Claramunt, Randall M. Nalepa, Thomas F. TI Influences on Bythotrephes longimanus life-history characteristics in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Planktivory; Invasive species; Spiny water flea; Lake Erie; Lake Huron; Lake Michigan ID CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATORY CLADOCERANS; SPECIES INVASION; SIZE VARIATION; DAPHNIA-PULEX; RAINBOW SMELT; HARP LAKE; MICHIGAN; HURON; COMMUNITY AB We compared Bythotrephes population demographics and dynamics to predator (planktivorous fish) and prey (small-bodied crustacean zooplankton) densities at a site sampled through the growing season in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. Although seasonal average densities of Bythotrephes were similar across lakes (222/m(2) Erie, 247/m(2) Huron, 162/m(2) Michigan), temporal trends in abundance differed among lakes. In central Lake Erie where Bythotrephes' prey assemblage was dominated by small individuals (60%), where planktivorous fish densities were high (14,317/ha), and where a shallow water column limited availability of a deepwater refuge, the Bythotrephes population was characterized by a small mean body size, large broods with small neonates, allocation of length increases mainly to the spine rather than to the body, and a late summer population decline. By contrast, in Lake Michigan where Bythotrephes' prey assemblage was dominated by large individuals (72%) and planktivorous fish densities were lower (5052/ha), the Bythotrephes population was characterized by a large mean body size (i.e., 37-55% higher than in Erie), small broods with large neonates, nearly all growth in body length occurring between instars 1 and 2, and population persistence into fall. Life-history characteristics in Lake Huron tended to be intermediate to those found in Lakes Michigan and Erie, reflecting lower overall prey and predator densities (1224/ha) relative to the other lakes. Because plasticity in life history can affect interactions with other species, our findings point to the need to understand life-history variation among Great lakes populations to improve our ability to model the dynamics of these ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Warner, David M.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; dmwarner@usgs.gov; jschaeffer@usgs.gov; ludsin.1@osu.edu; claramuntr@michigan.gov; thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Additional ship support was provided by the U.S. EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office as part of the International Field Year for Lake Erie (IFYLE) program and Lake Huron monitoring program. Field support was provided by the RV Laurentian, RV Shenehon, and RV Lake Guardian. Lab support was provided by J. Cavaletto, M. Clouse, A. Flood, and D. Ruberg. D. Bunnell and D. Hondorp provided helpful comments. GLERL contribution #1598. This article is Contribution 1663 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TE UT WOS:000301513900016 ER PT J AU Uhlhorn, EW Shay, LK AF Uhlhorn, Eric W. Shay, Lynn K. TI Loop Current Mixed Layer Energy Response to Hurricane Lili (2002). Part I: Observations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE OCEANIC EDDIES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; TURBULENT FLUXES; ANNUAL CYCLE; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; GILBERT; MODEL AB The ocean mixed layer response to a tropical cyclone within and immediately adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current is examined. In the first of a two-part study, a comprehensive set of temperature, salinity, and current profiles acquired from aircraft-deployed expendable probes is utilized to analyze the three-dimensional oceanic energy evolution in response to Hurricane Lili's (2002) passage. Mixed layer temperature analyses show that the Loop Current cooled <1 degrees C in response to the storm, in contrast to typically observed larger decreases of 3 degrees-5 degrees C. Correspondingly, vertical current shear associated with mixed layer currents, which is responsible for entrainment mixing of cooler water, was found to be up to 50% weaker, on average, than observed in previous studies within the directly forced region. The Loop Current, which separates the warmer, lighter Caribbean Subtropical Water from the cooler, heavier Gulf Common Water, was found to decrease in intensity by -0.18 +/- 0.25 m s(-1) over an approximately 10-day period within the mixed layer. Contrary to previous ocean response studies, which have assumed approximately horizontally homogeneous ocean structure prior to storm passage, a kinetic energy loss of 5.8 +/- 6.4 kJ m(-2), or approximately -1 wind stress-scaled energy unit, was observed. By examining near-surface currents derived from satellite altimetry data, the Loop Current is found to vary similarly in magnitude over such time scales, suggesting storm-generated energy is rapidly removed by the preexisting Loop Current. In a future study, the simulated mixed layer evolution to a Hurricane Lili-like storm within an idealized preexisting baroclinic current is analyzed to help understand the complex air-sea interaction and resulting energetic response. C1 [Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shay, Lynn K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Uhlhorn, EW (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eric.uhlhorn@noaa.gov RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-F-009]; NSF [AGS-04-44525]; NASA [NASA-NNX09AC47G]; NOAA [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA/NESDIS [NA08OAR4320892]; Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) [M08PC20052] FX EWU acknowledges the support provided by the Office of Naval Research sponsored CBLAST experiment program (N00014-01-F-009) under the direction of Dr. Peter G. Black. LKS acknowledges support from the NSF (AGS-04-44525), NASA Hurricane Science Program (NASA-NNX09AC47G), NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed program (NOAA Grant: NA17RJ1226), NOAA/NESDIS (NA08OAR4320892), and the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) Dynamics of the Loop Current Study (MMS Contract M08PC20052). The project continues to be grateful to the pilots, engineers, and technicians at NOAA's Aircraft Operation Center (Dr. James McFadden, Chief, Programs and Projects) who make it possible to acquire high-quality data during hurricanes through the Hurricane Field Program Intensity Forecasting Experiments (IFEX) and the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 400 EP 419 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-096.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 913TD UT WOS:000301899400005 ER PT J AU Hristova, HG Kessler, WS AF Hristova, Hristina G. Kessler, William S. TI Surface Circulation in the Solomon Sea Derived from Lagrangian Drifter Observations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; CORAL SEA; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; DECOMPOSITION; CURRENTS; CLIMATE AB Velocity measurements from satellite-tracked surface drifters collected between 1994 and 2010 are used to map the surface circulation in the Solomon Sea, the last passageway for waters of subtropical origin flowing northward toward the equator, where they replenish the Pacific warm pool. Pseudo-Eulerian statistics of the drifter observations show a strong seasonal cycle in both the mean circulation and the eddy kinetic energy in the region. The circulation is characterized by a strong northward flow from June to November (the season of strong southeasterly trade winds over the Solomon Sea) and a mostly southward flow with increased variability from December to May (when the winds over the sea are weak). The seasonal velocity signal has the largest magnitude narrowly along the double western boundary formed by the eastern coastlines of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, suggesting that direct wind driving with its much larger spatial scales is not the main influence. In addition, the surface circulation exhibits substantial interannual variability of magnitude comparable to that of the seasonal cycle with velocity and temperature anomalies consistent with changes in the western boundary current acting to compensate for the discharge and recharge of the Pacific warm pool during ENSO. C1 [Hristova, Hristina G.; Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hristova, Hristina G.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hristova, HG (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM hristina.hristova@noaa.gov RI Hristova, Hristina/G-2236-2012 FU NASA [1377557]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX The authors honor the memory of Peter Niiler, without whose vision, energy, and forcefulness there would have been no Global Drifter Program. We acknowledge the helpful comments from the two anonymous reviewers. The OSCAR data were obtained from JPL Physical Oceanography DAAC and developed by ESR. This publication is funded by NASA under JPL Subcontract 1377557 and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 448 EP 458 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-099.1 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 913TD UT WOS:000301899400008 ER PT J AU Radzhabova, LM Stepanov, GV Abdulagatov, IM Shakhbanov, KA AF Radzhabova, L. M. Stepanov, G. V. Abdulagatov, I. M. Shakhbanov, K. A. TI Experimental study of the isochoric heat capacity of isobutanol in the critical and supercritical regions SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Coexistence curve; Complete scaling; Critical point; Isobutanol; Isochoric heat capacity; Saturated density; Scaling laws; Singular diameter; Vapor-pressure ID NONASYMPTOTIC CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; COEXISTENCE-CURVE DIAMETER; ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; VAPOR PHASE-TRANSITIONS; YANG-YANG RELATION; CRITICAL-POINT; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIQUID-VAPOR; ISING-MODEL AB The one- and two-phase isochoric heat capacities (C-V) of isobutanol in the critical and supercritical regions have been measured with a high-temperature and high-pressure nearly constant-volume adiabatic calorimeter. The measurements were made in the temperature range from 324K to 575K for 23 isochores (16 liquid and 7 vapor) from 73.2 kg m(-3) to 772.2 kg m(-3). The isochoric heat capacity jump (quasi-static thermograms supplemented by the sensor of adiabatic control) technique have been used to accurately measure of the phase transition parameters (T-S, rho(S)). The total experimental uncertainty of density (rho), temperature (T), and isochoric heat capacity (C-V) were estimated to be 0.06%, 15 mK, and 2-3%, respectively. The critical temperature (T-C = 547.65 +/- 0.2 K) and the critical density (rho(C) = 272.95 +/- 2 kg m(-3)) for isobutanol were determined from the measured saturated properties (C-VS, T-S, rho(S)) near the critical point. The measured C-V and saturated density (T-S, rho(S)) data near the critical point have been analyzed and interpreted in terms of extended scaling type equations for the selected thermodynamic paths (critical isochore and coexistence curve) to accurately calculate the values of the asymptotical critical amplitudes of heat capacity (A(0)(+/-)) and coexistence curve (B-0). The experimentally derived value of the critical amplitude ratio A(0)(+)/A(0)(-) = 0.522 is in good agreement with the value predicted by various scaling theories. The measured thermodynamic properties (C-V, T-S, rho(S)) of isobutanol near the critical point were also interpreted in the terms of "complete scaling" theory of critical phenomena. In particularly, the contributions of the "complete" and "incomplete" scaling terms on the coexistence-curve singular diameter were estimated. We determined the values of the asymmetry parameters a(3) and b(2) of the coexistence curve singular diameter. The strength of the Yang-Yang anomaly R-mu for isobutanol was estimated using asymmetry parameters a(3) and the contribution of the second temperature derivative of vapor-pressure and chemical potential in the singularity of two-phase C-V2. The measured values of saturated one- and two-phase liquid and vapor isochoric heat capacities (C'(V1), C ''(V1), C'(V2), C ''(V2)) and saturated thermal (rho(S), T-S) properties together with vapor-pressure (P-S, T-S) data were used to calculate other derived thermodynamic properties such as (K-T, Delta H-vap, C-P, C-S, W, (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)'(V), (partial derivative V/partial derivative T)'(P), (d(2)P(S)/dT(2)), and (d(2)mu/dT(2)) of isobutanol at saturation near the critical point. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, C1 [Radzhabova, L. M.; Stepanov, G. V.; Shakhbanov, K. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Phys, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD MAR PY 2012 VL 63 BP 115 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.11.017 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 912NI UT WOS:000301806500015 ER PT J AU Anitescu, G Bruno, TJ AF Anitescu, George Bruno, Thomas J. TI Fluid properties needed in supercritical transesterification of triglyceride feedstocks to biodiesel fuels for efficient and clean combustion - A review SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Review DE Biodiesel fuel; Lipid feedstock; Supercritical processing; Fluid properties; Supercritical combustion ID ISENTROPIC BULK MODULUS; SOYBEAN OIL; VEGETABLE-OIL; ETHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL FUEL; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; DISTILLATION CURVES; KINEMATIC VISCOSITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB This review focuses on the potential synergy between fluid properties and supercritical (SC) processing/combustion of biodiesel fuels. These fuels are the extenders/expanders of choice for petroleum-derived diesel fuels (PDDF) due to overall performance in the environment, safety, feedstock, and fuel quality. A typical biodiesel fuel meets commercial specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) or European Union (EN 14214). Biodiesel fuels, mainly mixtures of fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters (FAMES or FAEEs), are currently produced by base/acid catalytic transesterification (BAC-TE) of triglyceride feedstocks with methanol or ethanol. These methods require refined oil feedstocks and complex product separation/purification that leads to noncompetitive prices compared with PDDFs. Alternatively, a noncatalytic technology based on SC-TE processing of various lipid feedstocks has been reported to mitigate these drawbacks. One version of this technology, the one-step SC-TE method, potentially has major advantages over the BAC-TE, mainly due to shorter reaction times (5-9 min versus 1-6 h) and the reduction of glycerol to acceptable ASTM levels in fuels of superior quality. The latter advantage originates from glycerol and polyunsaturated FAME/FAEE thermal conversion to lighter fuel products. Based on technical and economic analyses, the manufacturing cost of biodiesel fuels from a one-step SC-TE process could be one half of the BAC-TE current cost. To optimize biodiesel fuel production and quality, leading to a more efficient and clean combustion, a close connection between fluid properties and fuel processing/combustion must be considered. Insights from recent case studies and real-world examples of applications of the principles of sustainability in the development and implementation of biodiesel fuel projects are given. The review includes sustainability metrics, resource efficiency, and sustainable process integration. These themes are woven together into a perspective on how sustainability and green-chemistry principles are being implemented for cost-effective biodiesel fuel production and advanced combustion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Anitescu, George; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Anitescu, G (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Biomed & Chem Engn Dept, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM ganitesc@syr.edu; bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 115 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD MAR PY 2012 VL 63 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.11.020 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 912NI UT WOS:000301806500016 ER EF