FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Iwata-Harms, JM Wong, FJ Alaan, US Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Toney, MF Nelson-Cheeseman, BB Liberati, M Arenholz, E Suzuki, Y AF Iwata-Harms, Jodi M. Wong, Franklin J. Alaan, Urusa S. Kirby, B. J. Borchers, Julie A. Toney, Michael F. Nelson-Cheeseman, Brittany B. Liberati, Marco Arenholz, Elke Suzuki, Yuri TI Controlling spin ordering in frustrated magnets via thin film heteroepitaxy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CHROMITE; OXIDE AB Competing exchange interactions can give rise to varying degrees of frustration that manifest itself in noncollinear magnetic moment ordering or canonical geometric frustration in magnets with large ground-state degeneracies. Relieving this frustration has the potential to stabilize ground states inaccessible in the bulk. We demonstrate that heteroepitaxial lattice distortions can modify the strength of exchange interactions in thin films of the frustrated ferrimagnet, CuCr2O4. The reduction of magnetic frustration in CuCr2O4 through lattice distortions results in greater collinear spin ordering in CuCr2O4 thin films and an enhanced magnetization. We identify heteroepitaxial lattice distortions as a method to tune spin functionality and potentially lift ground-state degeneracies more broadly in frustrated magnets. C1 [Iwata-Harms, Jodi M.; Wong, Franklin J.; Alaan, Urusa S.; Nelson-Cheeseman, Brittany B.; Suzuki, Yuri] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wong, Franklin J.; Suzuki, Yuri] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, Julie A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Liberati, Marco; Arenholz, Elke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Suzuki, Yuri] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Suzuki, Yuri] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Iwata-Harms, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Alaan, Urusa/0000-0003-1109-3399 FU National Science Foundation [0604277, 1104401]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. 0604277 and No. 1104401. U.S.A. was supported by an NSF graduate fellowship. F.J.W., the Advanced Light Source, and the National Center for Electron Microscopy are supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We would like to thank K. M. Yu, R. V. Chopdekar, J. S. Bettinger, V. V. Mehta, S. Anwar, and M. A. Mayer for assistance in data collection and discussion. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 20 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 21 AR 214424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.214424 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 962GM UT WOS:000305530300007 ER PT J AU Brida, G Ciavarella, L Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M Migdall, A Mingolla, MG Paris, MGA Piacentini, F Polyakov, SV AF Brida, G. Ciavarella, L. Degiovanni, I. P. Genovese, M. Migdall, A. Mingolla, M. G. Paris, M. G. A. Piacentini, F. Polyakov, S. V. TI Ancilla-Assisted Calibration of a Measuring Apparatus SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; PHOTON STATISTICS; DENSITY-MATRIX; QUANTUM STATE; TOMOGRAPHY; DETECTORS; LIGHT; BEAMS AB A quantum measurement can be described by a set of matrices, one for each possible outcome, which represents the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) of the sensor. Efficient protocols of POVM extraction for arbitrary sensors are required. We present the first experimental POVM reconstruction that takes explicit advantage of a quantum resource, i.e., nonclassical correlations with an ancillary state. A POVM of a photon-number-resolving detector is reconstructed by using strong quantum correlations of twin beams generated by parametric down-conversion. Our reconstruction method is more statistically robust than POVM reconstruction methods that use classical input states. C1 [Brida, G.; Ciavarella, L.; Degiovanni, I. P.; Genovese, M.; Mingolla, M. G.; Paris, M. G. A.; Piacentini, F.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Migdall, A.; Polyakov, S. V.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, A.; Polyakov, S. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mingolla, M. G.] Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Paris, M. G. A.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Paris, M. G. A.] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Mat, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Brida, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692 FU European Union [912/2009/EC]; FIRB [RBFR10YQ3H, RBFR10UAUV]; Compagnia di San Paolo FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union on the basis of Decision No. 912/2009/EC (project IND06-MIQC) from the MIUR, FIRB Grants No. RBFR10YQ3H and No. RBFR10UAUV, and by Compagnia di San Paolo. We thank Valentina Schettini and Mario Dagrada for collaborating in the early stage of preparing the setup. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 25 AR 253601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.253601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 962TT UT WOS:000305568700012 PM 23004600 ER PT J AU Gamalski, AD Tersoff, J Sharma, R Ducati, C Hofmann, S AF Gamalski, A. D. Tersoff, J. Sharma, R. Ducati, C. Hofmann, S. TI Metastable Crystalline AuGe Catalysts Formed During Isothermal Germanium Nanowire Growth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; GE NANOWIRES; GOLD; SYSTEMS; SI; KINETICS AB We observe the formation of metastable AuGe phases without quenching, during strictly isothermal nucleation and growth of Ge nanowires, using video-rate lattice-resolved environmental transmission electron microscopy. We explain the unexpected formation of these phases through a novel pathway involving changes in composition rather than temperature. The metastable catalyst has important implications for nanowire growth, and more broadly, the isothermal process provides both a new approach to growing and studying metastable phases, and a new perspective on their formation. C1 [Gamalski, A. D.; Hofmann, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England. [Tersoff, J.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Sharma, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ducati, C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Gamalski, AD (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England. EM adg40@cam.ac.uk; tersoff@us.ibm.com RI Hofmann, Stephan/D-3906-2012; OI Hofmann, Stephan/0000-0001-6375-1459; Ducati, Caterina/0000-0003-3366-6442 FU Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission; National Science Foundation; Royal Society; ERC grant InsituNANO [279342] FX A. D. G. acknowledges funding from the Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission and the National Science Foundation. S. H. and C. D. acknowledge funding from the Royal Society. S. H. acknowledges funding from ERC grant InsituNANO (project number 279342). We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities within the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 25 AR 255702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.255702 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 962TT UT WOS:000305568700017 PM 23004621 ER PT J AU Hormozi, L Moller, G Simon, SH AF Hormozi, L. Moeller, G. Simon, S. H. TI Fractional Quantum Hall Effect of Lattice Bosons Near Commensurate Flux SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NON-ABELIAN STATISTICS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; OPTICAL LATTICES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; STATES; COMPUTATION; ANYONS AB We study interacting bosons on a lattice in a magnetic field. When the number of flux quanta per plaquette is close to a rational fraction, the low-energy physics is mapped to a multispecies continuum model: bosons in the lowest Landau level where each boson is given an internal degree of freedom, or pseudospin. We find that the interaction potential between the bosons involves terms that do not conserve pseudospin, corresponding to umklapp processes, which in some cases can also be seen as BCS-type pairing terms. We argue that in experimentally realistic regimes for bosonic atoms in optical lattices with synthetic magnetic fields, these terms are crucial for determining the nature of allowed ground states. In particular, we show numerically that certain paired wave functions related to the Moore-Read Pfaffian state are stabilized by these terms, whereas certain other wave functions can be destabilized when umklapp processes become strong. C1 [Hormozi, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hormozi, L.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moeller, G.] Univ Cambridge, TCM Grp, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Simon, S. H.] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Hormozi, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Moller, Gunnar/G-4543-2010; Hormozi, Layla/G-6564-2011 OI Moller, Gunnar/0000-0001-8986-0899; FU NIST/NRC; Newton Trust; Leverhulme Trust [ECF-2011-565]; EPSRC Grant [EP/I032487/1]; Trinity Hall Cambridge FX Discussions with S. Adam, E. Ardonne, N. R. Cooper, M. Hafezi, L. Mathey, R. Palmer, M. Peterson, and especially E. Tiesinga are gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the hospitality of Nordita and the Aspen Center for Physics and support from NIST/NRC (L.H.), Trinity Hall Cambridge, the Newton Trust, and the Leverhulme Trust under Grant No. ECF-2011-565 (G.M.) and EPSRC Grant No. EP/I032487/1 (S.H.S.). NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 25 AR 256809 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.256809 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 962TT UT WOS:000305568700026 PM 23004638 ER PT J AU Redding, B Ge, L Song, QH Wiersig, J Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Redding, Brandon Ge, Li Song, Qinghai Wiersig, Jan Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui TI Local Chirality of Optical Resonances in Ultrasmall Resonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHAPED MICRODISK RESONATORS; ASYMMETRIC MODAL DISTRIBUTIONS; RECIPROCAL TRANSMISSIONS; DIRECTIONAL EMISSION; LASERS; CAVITIES; MICROLASERS AB In wavelength-scale cavities with chiral-symmetric geometry, wave optical effects can introduce local chirality, that is, a spatial separation of the clockwise and counterclockwise propagating resonant modes. We show that this local chirality results in unidirectional lasing emission in the far field. In the presence of a waveguide, the local chirality also allows for directional evanescent coupling of the lasing modes, and the output direction can be varied by selecting the coupling position along the cavity boundary. Our results demonstrate that the local chirality of optical resonances can be utilized to control the output directionality and enhance the collection efficiency of emission from ultrasmall resonators. C1 [Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ge, Li] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Song, Qinghai] Harbin Inst Technol, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. [Wiersig, Jan] Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Redding, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Wiersig, Jan/F-1410-2013; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Song, Qinghai/C-2197-2014 FU NSF [ECCS-1068642, ECCS-1128542]; DFG research group [760]; NSF MRSEC [DMR 1119826]; SZ Key Lab. of Wind Power Smart Grid [CXB201005250025A] FX We thank Professor A. Douglas Stone and Professor Eugene Bogomolny for stimulating discussions. This work is supported partly by NSF under the Grants No. ECCS-1068642 and No. ECCS-1128542, and by the DFG research group 760. Facilities use was supported by YINQE and NSF MRSEC DMR 1119826. Q. S. acknowledges support from the SZ Key Lab. of Wind Power & Smart Grid (CXB201005250025A). NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 25 AR 253902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.253902 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 962TT UT WOS:000305568700013 PM 23004602 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Heo, GY Omarova, S Pikueva, IA Turko, IV AF Wang, Meiyao Heo, Gun-Young Omarova, Saida Pikueva, Irina A. Turko, Illarion V. TI Sample Prefractionation for Mass Spectrometry Quantification of Low-Abundance Membrane Proteins SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADRENODOXIN REDUCTASE; ACID; CHOLESTEROL; BRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; ELIMINATION; RETINA AB Use of stable isotope-labeled full-length proteins as an internal standard prior to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis enables prefractionation of the target proteins and quantification of those low-abundance proteins, which cannot be reached without biological sample enrichment. In terms of membrane proteins, this benefit can be used if a sample processing workflow allows entire solubilization of membrane proteins. We have developed a universal workflow for sample processing and enrichment by optimizing washing and solubilization conditions and implementing sample fractionation by Whole Gel Eluter. The optimized protocol was applied to various membrane-bound cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and their electron transferring protein partners, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), ferredoxin reductase (FdR), and ferredoxin (Fdx), all important proteins for cholesterol elimination from different organs. Both, weakly associated (CPR and FdR) and tightly associated (CYP7B1, CYP11A1, CYP27A1, and CYP46A1) membrane proteins were quantified. Measurements were performed on three human tissues (temporal lobe of the brain, retina, and retinal pigment epithelium) obtained from multiple donors. The biological implications of our quantitative measurements are also discussed. C1 [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heo, Gun-Young; Omarova, Saida; Pikueva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Pikueva, IA (reprint author), 2085 Adelbert Rd,Room 303, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM iap8@case.edu; iturko@umd.edu RI Wang, Meiyao/F-6133-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383]; Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation FX We thank Dr. P.F. Guengerich (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN) for expression construct for human CPR; Dr. R.C. Tuckey (the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia) for expression constructs for human CYP11A1, FdR, and Fdx; and Dr. D.W. Russell (UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX) for cDNA for human CYP7B1. This work was supported in part by grant from the National Institutes of Health (EY018383 to I.A.P.). I.A.P is also a recipient of the Jules and Doris Stein Professorship from the Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation. Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 19 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 12 BP 5186 EP 5191 DI 10.1021/ac300587v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 959NW UT WOS:000305320500005 PM 22607469 ER PT J AU Durfee, CG Storz, T Garlick, J Hill, S Squier, JA Kirchner, M Taft, G Shea, K Kapteyn, H Murnane, M Backus, S AF Durfee, Charles G. Storz, Tristan Garlick, Jonathan Hill, Steven Squier, Jeff A. Kirchner, Matthew Taft, Greg Shea, Kevin Kapteyn, Henry Murnane, Margaret Backus, Sterling TI Direct diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; TISAPPHIRE LASER; GENERATION; TI-AL2O3; PULSES; POWER; NM AB We describe a Ti:sapphire laser pumped directly with a pair of 1.2W 445nm laser diodes. With over 30mW average power at 800 nm and a measured pulsewidth of 15fs, Kerr-lens-modelocked pulses are available with dramatically decreased pump cost. We propose a simple model to explain the observed highly stable Kerr-lens modelocking in spite of the fact that both the mode-locked and continuous-wave modes are smaller than the pump mode in the crystal. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Durfee, Charles G.; Storz, Tristan; Garlick, Jonathan; Hill, Steven; Squier, Jeff A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Garlick, Jonathan; Kirchner, Matthew; Taft, Greg; Shea, Kevin; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret; Backus, Sterling] KMLabs Inc, Dept Res & Dev, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Backus, Sterling] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Durfee, CG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cdurfee@mines.edu RI Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0394]; NIH [EB003832]; STTR AFOSR [FA9550-10-C-0017]; AFRL SBIR [FA8650-11-C-2102] FX C. D. and J. S. acknowledge funding support from AFOSR under grant FA9550-10-1-0394. J. S. acknowledges support from NIH grant EB003832. S. B. and J. S. acknowledge funding from an STTR AFOSR FA9550-10-C-0017, and S. B. from a AFRL SBIR FA8650-11-C-2102. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 43 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 18 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 13 BP 13677 EP 13683 DI 10.1364/OE.20.013677 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 961NV UT WOS:000305473000009 PM 22714433 ER PT J AU Glasser, RT Vogl, U Lett, PD AF Glasser, Ryan T. Vogl, Ulrich Lett, Paul D. TI Demonstration of images with negative group velocities SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PULSE-PROPAGATION; LIGHT-PROPAGATION; SLOW LIGHT AB We report the experimental demonstration of the superluminal propagation of multi-spatial-mode images via four-wave mixing in hot atomic vapor, in which all spatial sub-regions propagate with negative group velocities. We investigate the spatial mode properties and temporal reshaping of the fast light images, and show large relative pulse peak advancements of up to 64% of the input pulse width. The degree of temporal reshaping is quantified and increases as the relative pulse peak advancement increases. When optimized for image quality or pulse advancement, negative group velocities of up to v(g) = -c/880 and v(g) = -c/2180, respectively, are demonstrated when integrating temporally over the entire image. The present results are applicable to temporal cloaking devices that require strong manipulation of the dispersion relation, where one can envision temporally cloaking various spatial regions of an image for different durations. Additionally, the modes involved in a four-wave mixing process similar to the present experiment have been shown to exhibit quantum correlations and entanglement. The results presented here provide insight into how to tailor experimental tests of the behavior of these quantum correlations and entanglement in the superluminal regime. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Glasser, Ryan T.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glasser, RT (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rglasser@nist.gov RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This research was performed while Ryan Glasser held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. Ulrich Vogl would like to thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 18 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 13 BP 13702 EP 13710 DI 10.1364/OE.20.013702 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 961NV UT WOS:000305473000012 PM 22714436 ER PT J AU Cappelletti, RL AF Cappelletti, R. L. TI The acceleration of a neutron in a static electric field SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Neutron; Acceleration; Electrostatic field; Magnetostatic field; Aharonov-Casher phase ID CASHER PHASE-SHIFT; DIPOLE MOMENT; CLASSICAL LAG; INTERFEROMETRY; EXAMPLE AB We show that when a non-relativistic neutron travels in a static electric field, the acceleration vector operator is perpendicular to the velocity operator. Kinetic energy is conserved. A spin-dependent field term in the canonical momentum gives rise to a non-dispersive contribution to the quantum mechanical (Aharonov-Casher) phase. This motion differs from that in a static magnetic field which has no field term in the canonical momentum and no conservation of kinetic energy. For the geometry of the Aharonov-Casher effect, there is no acceleration, while in Mott-Schwinger scattering, the acceleration causes a spin-dependent change in neutron direction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cappelletti, RL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ron.cappelletti@nist.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 18 PY 2012 VL 376 IS 30-31 BP 2096 EP 2099 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2012.05.026 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 956OQ UT WOS:000305099400004 ER PT J AU London, JM Hoef, JMV Jeffries, SJ Lance, MM Boveng, PL AF London, Josh M. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Jeffries, Steven J. Lance, Monique M. Boveng, Peter L. TI Haul-Out Behavior of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) in Hood Canal, Washington SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RICHARDSI; PATTERNS; ALASKA; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; OREGON; DISTURBANCE; TRENDS; ISLAND; SITE AB The goal of this study was to model haul-out behavior of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Hood Canal region of Washington State with respect to changes in physiological, environmental, and temporal covariates. Previous research has provided a solid understanding of seal haul-out behavior. Here, we expand on that work using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with temporal autocorrelation and a large dataset. Our dataset included behavioral haul-out records from archival and VHF radio tag deployments on 25 individual seals representing 61,430 seal hours. A novel application for increased computational efficiency allowed us to examine this large dataset with a GLMM that appropriately accounts for temporal autocorellation. We found significant relationships with the covariates hour of day, day of year, minutes from high tide and year. Additionally, there was a significant effect of the interaction term hour of day : day of year. This interaction term demonstrated that seals are more likely to haul out during nighttime hours in August and September, but then switch to predominantly daylight haul-out patterns in October and November. We attribute this change in behavior to an effect of human disturbance levels. This study also examined a unique ecological event to determine the role of increased killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation on haul-out behavior. In 2003 and 2005 these harbor seals were exposed to unprecedented levels of killer whale predation and results show an overall increase in haul-out probability after exposure to killer whales. The outcome of this study will be integral to understanding any changes in population abundance as a result of increased killer whale predation. C1 [London, Josh M.; Hoef, Jay M. Ver; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jeffries, Steven J.; Lance, Monique M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Tacoma, WA USA. RP London, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM josh.london@noaa.gov OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046 FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National Marine Mammal Laboratory; United States Marine Mammal Commission; Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National Marine Mammal Laboratory. The field component of the project benefited greatly from the contributions of B. Murphie, S. Murphie, D. Lambourn, A. Galloway and other members of the capture crew. Special consideration goes to G. VanBlaricom for his advice and support as the primary author's graduate advisor. M. Simpkins and J. Laake provided valuable feedback during the analysis and manuscript preparation.; The authors would like to acknowledge the financial and logistical support from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Signicant funding was also provided by the United States Marine Mammal Commission, the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 18 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 6 AR 38180 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038180 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 962XO UT WOS:000305583300022 PM 22723851 ER PT J AU Borbon, A Ruiz, M Bechara, J Aumont, B Chong, M Huntrieser, H Mari, C Reeves, CE Scialom, G Hamburger, T Stark, H Afif, C Jambert, C Mills, G Schlager, H Perros, PE AF Borbon, Agnes Ruiz, M. Bechara, J. Aumont, B. Chong, M. Huntrieser, H. Mari, C. Reeves, C. E. Scialom, Georges Hamburger, T. Stark, H. Afif, C. Jambert, C. Mills, G. Schlager, H. Perros, P. E. TI Transport and chemistry of formaldehyde by mesoscale convective systems in West Africa during AMMA 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; MONSOON MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; MCM V3 PART; DEEP CONVECTION; WET SEASON; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AB In situ measurements of formaldehyde (CH2O) onboard four European research aircraft in August 2006 as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) experiment in West Africa are used (1) to examine the redistribution of CH2O by mesoscale convective systems (MCS) in the tropical upper troposphere (UT), (2) to evaluate the scavenging efficiency (SE) of CH2O by MCS and (3) to quantify the impact of CH2O on UT photooxidant production downwind of MCS. The intercomparison of CH2O measurements is first tested, providing a unique and consistent 3-D-spatially resolved CH2O database in background and convective conditions. While carbon monoxide (CO) is vertically uplifted by deep convection up to 12 km, CH2O is also affected by cloud processing as seen from its ratio relative to CO with altitude. A new observation-based model is established to quantify the SE of CH2O. This model shows that convective entrainment of free tropospheric air cannot be neglected since it contributes to 40% of the convective UT air. For the 4 studied MCS, SE shows a large variability within a 4% to 39% range at a relative standard deviation of 30%, which is consistent with MCS features. A time-dependent photochemical box model is applied to convective UT air. After convection, 60% of CH2O is due to its photochemical production rather than to its direct transport. Model results indicate that CH2O directly injected by convection does not impact ozone and HOx production in the tropical UT of West Africa. NOx and anthropogenic hydrocarbon precursors dominate the secondary production of CH2O, ozone and HOx. C1 [Borbon, Agnes; Ruiz, M.; Bechara, J.; Aumont, B.; Afif, C.; Perros, P. E.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, IPSL, CNRS,UMR 7583, FR-94010 Creteil, France. [Borbon, Agnes; Ruiz, M.; Bechara, J.; Aumont, B.; Afif, C.; Perros, P. E.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, IPSL, CNRS,UMR 7583, FR-94010 Creteil, France. [Chong, M.; Mari, C.; Jambert, C.] CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Chong, M.; Mari, C.; Jambert, C.] Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Huntrieser, H.; Hamburger, T.; Schlager, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Reeves, C. E.; Mills, G.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Scialom, Georges] IPSL, Lab Atmospheres Milieux Observat Spatiales, Guyancourt, France. [Stark, H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Stark, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Afif, C.] Univ St Joseph, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Borbon, A (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, IPSL, CNRS,UMR 7583, 61 Av Gen Gaulle, FR-94010 Creteil, France. EM agnes.borbon@lisa.u-pec.fr RI Hamburger, Thomas/K-2599-2012 FU European Community; CIRES Visiting Fellow Program FX Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built by an international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, especially from France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European Community Sixth Framework Research Programme. Detailed information on scientific coordination and funding is available on the AMMA International Web site at http://www.ammainternational.org. Agnes Borbon was partly funded by the CIRES Visiting Fellow Program. Special thanks are due to the English, French and German aircraft operators and Earle Williams and Bryan Russell who kindly put the MIT Doppler radar data collected during AMMA at the disposal of the scientific community. Timothy Bertram, Ron Cohen and Paul Monks are thanked for providing the INTEX-NA model initialization data and the j(NO2) data. Discussions at the beginning of this work with Mary Barth, Eric Apel and Chris Cantrell at NCAR and the Tropospheric Chemistry Group at the Chemical Science Division at NOAA (Boulder, USA) were appreciated. We are grateful to Alan Fried (NCAR) for his detailed comments on the manuscript. Finally, the authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D12301 DI 10.1029/2011JD017121 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 959WJ UT WOS:000305348300002 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Wang, MY Wood, KR Percival, DB Bond, NA AF Overland, James E. Wang, Muyin Wood, Kevin R. Percival, Donald B. Bond, Nicholas A. TI Recent Bering Sea warm and cold events in a 95-year context SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Climate change; Atmospheric patterns; Pacific Decadal Oscillation ID NORTH-PACIFIC; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; REGIME SHIFTS; ALEUTIAN LOW; RED NOISE; MODELS AB The meteorology and oceanography of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf was recently dominated by a multi-year warm event (2000-2005) followed by a multi-year cold event (2007-2010). We put these recent events into the context of the 95-year air temperature record from St. Paul Island and with concurrent spatial meteorological fields. For March 2000-2005 the mean air temperature anomaly at St. Paul was 2.1 degrees C above the long-term mean, and for March 2007-2010 the mean temperature anomaly at St. Paul was 4.7 degrees C below the long-term mean. The only multi-year temperature deviations comparable to the first decade of the 2000s are a cold event from 1971 to 1976 followed by a warm event from 1978 to 1983. There was also a short warm event 1935-1937. The temperature transition between warm and cold events in the 1970s and 2000s took two years. While there are theoretical arguments for some physical memory processes in the North Pacific climate system, we cannot rule out that the recent warm and cold events are of a random nature: they are rare in the St. Paul temperature record, they are dominated by North Pacific-wide sea level pressure events rather than local Bering Sea processes, and they are consistent with a red noise model of climate variability. The 1970s transition appears to have an ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) influence, while the recent events are likely connected to Arctic-wide warming. Evidence provided by the 95-year St. Paul meteorological record reinforces the idea that a red-noise model of climate variability is appropriate for the North Pacific and southeastern Bering Sea. We stress the importance of relatively rare sub-decadal events and shifts, rather than multi-decadal variability associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Thus, in the future we can expect large positive and negative excursions in the region that can last for multiple years, but there is as yet little predictability for their timing and duration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wang, Muyin; Wood, Kevin R.; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Percival, Donald B.] Univ Washington, APL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.013 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200002 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Farley, EV Kachel, NB Moore, S Mordy, CW Napp, JM Overland, JE Pinchuk, AI Sigler, MF AF Stabeno, Phyllis J. Farley, Edward V., Jr. Kachel, Nancy B. Moore, Sue Mordy, Calvin W. Napp, Jeffrey M. Overland, James E. Pinchuk, Alexei I. Sigler, Michael F. TI A comparison of the physics of the northern and southern shelves of the eastern Bering Sea and some implications for the ecosystem SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Ecosystem; Climate; Hydrography; Sea ice; Zooplankton; Whales; Fish ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHUKCHI SEAS; OCEANOGRAPHIC DOMAINS; CETACEAN DISTRIBUTION; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHEASTERN; CIRCULATION; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE AB Sufficient oceanographic measurements have been made in recent years to describe the latitudinal variation in the physics of the eastern Bering Sea shelf and the potential impact of climate change on the species assemblages in the two ecosystems (north and south). Many of the predicted ecosystem changes will result from alterations in the timing and extent of sea ice. It is predicted that the sea ice in the northern Bering Sea will be less common in May, but will continue to be extensive through April. In contrast, the southern shelf will have, on average, much less sea ice than currently observed, but with large interannual and multiyear variability until at least 2050. Thus, even under current climate warming scenarios, bottom temperatures on the northern shelf will remain cold. Based on biophysical measurements, the southern and northern ecosystems were divided by a North South Transition at similar to 60 degrees N. The northern middle shelf was characterized by a freshwater lens at the surface, cold bottom temperatures, and a thicker pycnocline than found on the southern shelf. Subsurface phytoplankton blooms were common. In contrast, the southern shelf stratification was largely determined by temperature alone; the pycnocline was thin (often <3 m) and subsurface blooms were uncommon. Biological responses to climate warming could include greater north south differences in zooplankton community structure, the transport of large Outer Shelf Domain crustacean zooplankton to the middle shelf, and the disappearance of two principal prey taxa (Calanus spp. and Thysanoessa spp.) of planktivorous fish, seabirds and whales. The response of commercially and ecologically important fish species is predicted to vary. Some species of fish (e.g., juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka) may expand their summer range into the northern Bering Sea; some (e.g., pink salmon, O. gorbuscha) may increase in abundance while still other species (e.g., walleye pollock and arrowtooth flounder; Theragra chalcogramma and Atheresthes stomias, respectively) are unlikely to become common in the north. The projected warming of the southern shelf will limit the distribution of arctic species (e.g., snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio) to the northern shelf and will likely permit expansion of subarctic species into the southern Bering Sea. The distribution and abundance of baleen whales will respond to shifts in prey availability; for instance, if prey are advected northward from the southeastern Bering Sea, an extension of range and an increase in seasonally migratory baleen whale numbers is anticipated. Thus, alteration of this ecosystem in response to climate change is expected to result in something other than a simple northward shift in the distribution of all species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Farley, Edward V., Jr.; Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Kachel, Nancy B.; Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moore, Sue] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska, Seward Marine Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 7 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 14 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.019 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200003 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Kachel, NB Moore, SE Napp, JM Sigler, M Yamaguchi, A Zerbini, AN AF Stabeno, Phyllis J. Kachel, Nancy B. Moore, Sue E. Napp, Jeffrey M. Sigler, Michael Yamaguchi, Atsushi Zerbini, Alexandre N. TI Comparison of warm and cold years on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf and some implications for the ecosystem SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Interannual variability; Ocean currents; Ecosystem; Climate; Zooplankton ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; COPEPODS; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON; ENVIRONMENT; ABUNDANCE AB The southeastern, middle shelf of the Bering Sea has exhibited extreme variability in sea ice extent, temperature, and the distribution and abundance of species at multiple trophic levels over the past four decades. From 1972-2000, there was high interannual variability of areal extent of sea ice during spring (March-April). In 2000, this shifted to a 5-year (2001-2005) period of low ice extent during spring, which transitioned to a 4-year (2007-2010) period of extensive sea ice. High (low) areal extent of sea ice in spring was associated with cold (warm) water column temperatures for the following 6-7 months. The ocean currents also differed between warm and cold years. During cold years, the monthly-mean currents over the shelf were largely westward, while in warm years the direction of currents was more variable, with northward flow during December-February and relatively weak flow during the remainder of the year. The types and abundance of zooplankton differed sharply between warm and cold years. This was especially true during the prolonged warm period (2001-2005) and cold period (2007-2010), and was less evident during the years of high interannual variability. During the warm period, there was a lack of large copepods and euphausiids over the shelf; however, their populations rebounded during cold period. Small crustacean zooplankton taxa did not appear to vary between and warm and cold years. For both walleye pollock and Pacific cod, year-class strength (recruitment) was low during the prolonged warm period, but improved during the following cold period. Year-class strength did not appear to vary as a function of warm and cold years during the period of high year-to-year variability. Also, recruitment of arrowtooth flounder (a predator of pollock and cod) did not appear influenced by the warm or cold years. Finally, the distribution and relative abundance of fin whales appeared to differ in warm and cold years, with fewer whales on the southeastern, middle shelf during warm years. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kachel, Nancy B.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sigler, Michael] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Yamaguchi, Atsushi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Marine Biol Lab, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov RI Yamaguchi, Atsushi/A-8613-2012; Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 NR 61 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 7 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.020 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200004 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Overland, JE Stabeno, P AF Wang, Muyin Overland, James E. Stabeno, Phyllis TI Future climate of the Bering and Chukchi Seas projected by global climate models SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Climate models; Regional climate projections; Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea ID ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN; SHELF AB Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) are a major tool used by scientists to study the complex interaction of processes that control climate and climate change. Projections from these models for the 21st century are the basis for the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we use simulations from this set of climate models developed for the IPCC AR4 to provide a regional assessment of sea ice extent, sea surface temperature (SST), and surface air temperature (SAT) critical to future marine ecosystems in the Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea. To reduce uncertainties associated with the model projections, a two-step model culling technique is applied based on comparison to 20th century observations. For the Chukchi Sea, data and model projections show major September sea ice extent reduction compared to the 20th century beginning now, with nearly sea ice free conditions before mid-century. Earlier sea ice loss continues throughout fall with major loss in December before the end of the 21st century. By 2050, for the eastern Bering Sea, spring sea ice extent (average of March to May) would be 58% of its recent values (1980-1999 mean). December will become increasingly sea ice free over the next 40 years. The Bering Sea will continue to show major interannual variability in sea ice extent and SST. The majority of models had no systematic bias in their 20th century simulated regional SAT, an indication that the models may provide considerable credibility for the Bering and the Chukchi Sea ecosystem projections. Largest air temperature increases are in fall (November to December) for both the Chukchi and the Bering Sea, with increases by 2050 of 3 degrees C for the Bering Sea and increases in excess of 5 degrees C for the Chukchi Sea. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Overland, James E.; Stabeno, Phyllis] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wang, MY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM muyin.wang@noaa.gov; James.e.overland@noaa.gov; Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.022 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200005 ER PT J AU Ladd, C Stabeno, PJ AF Ladd, Carol Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Stratification on the Eastern Bering Sea shelf revisited SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Stratification; Mixed layer depth; USA; Alaska; Bering Sea ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; NORTH PACIFIC; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIDDLE SHELF; BRISTOL-BAY AB The timing and magnitude of stratification can have profound influences on the marine ecosystem. On the Eastern Bering Sea shelf, in the absence of strong wind mixing, stratification can be initiated by the melting of seasonal sea ice or by springtime warming of the surface. Temperature and salinity both influence the stratification of the Eastern Bering Sea shelf with their relative importance varying spatially and temporally. In the northern middle shelf domain (north of similar to 60 degrees N), salinity stratification is often as important as temperature stratification. On the southern middle shelf, while the influence of temperature on stratification dominates during summer, the influence of salinity stratification plays a role in the interannual variability. Mooring 2 (M2; 56.9 degrees N, 164.1 degrees W) has been deployed at similar to 70 m depth in the southern middle shelf domain since 1995. Data from this mooring show that stratification typically begins to set up in May and to break down in September/October, but these dates can vary by > 30 d. While no trend is found in the timing of the spring setup, the fall stratification breakdown exhibited a trend toward later breakdown (similar to 2 d later per year from 1996 to 2009). Results suggest that it may be difficult to forecast stratification on the Eastern Bering Sea shelf from climate models as simple indices of wind mixing or heat fluxes are not correlated with stratification. Contrary to intuition, the strength of summer stratification is not correlated with depth averaged temperature. Warm years such as 2000 and 2001 can have low stratification and cold years such as 2007 can have very high stratification. This decoupling of stratification and temperature has implications for forecasting the ecosystem in the face of climate change, as we cannot assume that projections of a warmer climate simply imply higher stratification in the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ladd, Carol; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ladd, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X NR 61 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.009 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200007 ER PT J AU Mordy, CW Cokelet, ED Ladd, C Menzia, FA Proctor, P Stabeno, PJ Wisegarver, E AF Mordy, Calvin W. Cokelet, Edward D. Ladd, Carol Menzia, Frederick A. Proctor, Peter Stabeno, Phyllis J. Wisegarver, Eric TI Net community production on the middle shelf of the eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Nutrients; Net community production; Nitrate; Phosphate; Ammonium ID PRIBILOF ISLANDS; NITRATE UPTAKE; ECOSYSTEM; PHYTOPLANKTON; NITROGEN; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; DENITRIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ZOOPLANKTON AB To estimate temporal changes of nutrients and calculate the seasonal net community production (NCP) on the eastern shelf of the Bering Sea, hydrographic sampling along the 70-m isobath of the middle shelf was conducted in spring (2007-2009), summer (2008-2009), and fall (2007). These were cold years, with sea ice covering much of the eastern Bering Sea in April. Each spring, there was a region with relatively low nitrate in the middle portion (59 degrees-60 degrees N) of the transect prior to the spring phytoplankton bloom. This water appeared to have originated in the coastal domain and was advected offshore into the middle domain. Seasonal NCP (mean +/- standard deviation) in this region was low (26 +/- 12 g C m(-2)), and may be indicative of a portion of the middle shelf ecosystem that is chronically short of fixed carbon in spring. In 2007, the post-bloom cruise occurred during the fall transition when deep mixing, remineralization, and denitrification/anammox compromised seasonal estimates of NCP. In other years (2008-2009), the post-bloom cruise occurred in summer. On those cruises, the euphotic zone, elevated chlorophyll fluorescence, and oxygen supersaturation were occasionally deeper than the pycnocline, and there was a seasonal loss of nitrate and phosphate in the bottom layer. In 2008, preferential uptake of ammonium may have sustained sub-surface production in the north. Therefore, seasonal estimates of NCP were not only evaluated in the upper mixed layer, but throughout the water column. During summer, denitrification/anammox in bottom waters did not appear to compromise seasonal estimates of NCP. Seasonal NCP averaged for 2008 and 2009 was slightly but significantly higher (p<0.0041) in the south (47 +/- 9 g C m(-2), n=80) than in the north (41 +/- 16 g C m(-2), n=78). In the south, interannual variability of seasonal NCP was related to the wind mixing in spring rather than the presence or absence of ice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mordy, Calvin W.; Menzia, Frederick A.; Proctor, Peter] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cokelet, Edward D.; Ladd, Carol; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Wisegarver, Eric] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mordy, CW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM mordy@u.washington.edu; Edward.D.Cokelet@noaa.gov; Carol.Ladd@noaa.gov; Fred.Menzia@noaa.gov; Peter.Proctor@noaa.gov; Phyllis.Stabeno@noaa.gov; Eric.Wisegarver@noaa.gov RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 110 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.012 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200010 ER PT J AU Lomas, MW Moran, SB Casey, JR Bell, DW Tiahlo, M Whitefield, J Kelly, RP Mathis, JT Cokelet, ED AF Lomas, M. W. Moran, S. B. Casey, J. R. Bell, D. W. Tiahlo, M. Whitefield, J. Kelly, R. P. Mathis, J. T. Cokelet, E. D. TI Spatial and seasonal variability of primary production on the Eastern Bering Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Primary production; Seasonal variability; VGPM primary production model ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; TIME-SERIES STATION; SARGASSO SEA; SPRING BLOOM; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY; BIOGENIC CARBON; WATER-COLUMN; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM; SIZE AB Spatial and seasonal variability in net primary production (NPP) is reported for the Eastern Bering Sea shelf in spring and summer 2008 and 2009. Euphotic zone integrated NPP in the spring, estimated from simulated in situ C-14-incubations, varied similar to 30-fold across the northern and southern regions of the Inner, Middle, and Outer domains of the shelf. During spring, rates were lowest and similar in the North and South region of the Inner domain, while the highest rates were in the Southern region of the Outer domain as a result of extensive ice-edge phytoplankton blooms. Generally, phytoplankton integrated chlorophyll (Chl-a) standing stocks were dominated (>50%) by large (>5 mu m) cells. With the exception of the southern Middle domain, integrated rates of NPP were consistently lower in summer than spring, while there was no consistent pattern in changes in integrated Chl-a. Conversely, phytoplankton growth rates (mu) were lower in spring (0.22 +/- 0.09 d(-1)) than summer (0.42 +/- 0.17 d(-1)), consistent with a seasonal shift from a biomass-controlled production system to a growth-rate controlled production system. Associated with this shift in control was a decrease in the size distribution of chlorophyll from similar to 60% of the Chl-a >5 mu m in the spring to similar to 30% of the Chl-a > 5 mu m in the summer. Despite the widespread distribution of stations, these observations highlight the variable nature of NPP in the Bering Sea, which makes the estimation of seasonal or annual rates in any domain or across the entire shelf difficult, if not impossible, on direct observations alone. A vertically generalized productivity model (VGPM) was used to assimilate the more extensive underway dataset from two cruises to improve the spatial distribution of calculated NPP included in the regional estimates of NPP. The VGPM output captured similar to 83% of the variance in measured C-14 production, accurately estimated observed NPP (Model II regression slope +/- stdev.; 0.92 +/- 0.06), and allowed for a better constrained estimation of shelf-wide productivity due to higher data density in each region/domain. These results, when combined with published data on shelf-wide productivity suggest that the ecosystem response to climate change (whether an increase or decrease in productivity) would have to exceed a factor of two from mean conditions before being detectable from a comparable survey effort. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lomas, M. W.; Casey, J. R.; Bell, D. W.; Tiahlo, M.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Biol Stn 17, St Georges GE01, Bermuda. [Moran, S. B.; Kelly, R. P.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Whitefield, J.; Mathis, J. T.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cokelet, E. D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lomas, MW (reprint author), Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Biol Stn 17, St Georges GE01, Bermuda. EM Michael.Lomas@bios.edu; moran@gso.uri.edu; jrcasey@hawaii.edu; Doug.Bell@bios.edu; tiahlo@college.usc.edu; jonathan.whitefield@gmail.com; rokelly@gso.uri.edu; jmathis@sfos.uaf.edu; Edward.D.Cokelet@noaa.gov RI Casey, John/A-9448-2013; OI Casey, John/0000-0002-8630-0551; Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 NR 86 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.010 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200011 ER PT J AU Ressler, PH De Robertis, A Warren, JD Smith, JN Kotwicki, S AF Ressler, Patrick H. De Robertis, Alex Warren, Joseph D. Smith, Joy N. Kotwicki, Stan TI Developing an acoustic survey of euphausiids to understand trophic interactions in the Bering Sea ecosystem SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE USA; Alaska; Bering Sea; Walleye pollock; Euphausiids; Acoustic survey; 54 degrees N; 64 degrees N; 155 degrees W; 185 degrees W ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; TARGET-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; IMPROVED PARAMETERIZATION; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; FISHERY RESEARCH; ABUNDANCE; VARIABILITY AB Euphausiids (principally Thysanoessa spp.) are a key group of organisms in the Bering Sea ecosystem, linking production at lower trophic levels to top predators and important commercial fish stocks such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). Here, we combine multifrequency acoustic survey methods, physics-based models of euphausiid backscatter, and net sampling to provide a means of monitoring the status and trends of euphausiid standing stock biomass on the Bering Sea shelf. Observations made using this approach during six summers (2004 and 2006-2010) indicate that standing stocks of euphausiids and pollock were inversely correlated over time as well as in space across the continental shelf. First-order calculations show that when pollock abundance was at its peak during these years, the pollock stock could have consumed 10-87% of the euphausiid standing stock between May and September. We hypothesize that predation by pollock is a significant top-down control on euphausiid standing stock in this system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ressler, Patrick H.; De Robertis, Alex; Kotwicki, Stan] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Warren, Joseph D.; Smith, Joy N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. RP Ressler, PH (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patrick.ressler@noaa.gov; alex.derobertis@noaa.gov; joe.warren@stonybrook.edu; jonsmith@ic.sunysb.edu; stan.kotwicki@noaa.gov NR 87 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 184 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.015 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200015 ER PT J AU Smart, TI Duffy-Anderson, JT Horne, JK Farley, EV Wilson, CD Napp, JM AF Smart, Tracey I. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Horne, John K. Farley, Edward V. Wilson, Christopher D. Napp, Jeffrey M. TI Influence of environment on walleye pollock eggs, larvae, and juveniles in the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Walleye pollock; Early life stages; Environmental conditions; Generalized additive models; Theragra chalcogramma; Bering Sea ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SHELIKOF STRAIT; FEEDING CONDITIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALASKA; GULF; FISH; RECRUITMENT AB We examined the influence of environmental conditions on walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) early life history in discrete stages at two ecological scales using a 17-year time series from the southeastern Bering Sea. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to quantify relationships between walleye pollock stages (eggs, yolksac larvae, preflexion larvae, late larvae, and juveniles), the fine-resolution environment (temperature, wind speed, salinity, and copepod concentration), and the broad-resolution environment (annual spawning stock biomass, temperature, zooplankton biomass, and wind mixing). Early stages (eggs, yolksac larvae, and preflexion larvae) were associated with high spawning stock biomass, while late stages (late larvae and juveniles) were not associated with spawning stock biomass. The influence of temperature increased with ontogeny: high egg abundance was associated with temperatures from -2 to 7 degrees C and negative annual temperature anomalies and high juvenile abundance was associated with temperatures from 4 to 12 degrees C and positive temperature anomalies. Winds enhanced the transport of early stages from spawning locations to shallower sampling depths, but did not affect feeding stages (preflexion larvae, late larvae, and juveniles) in a manner consistent with the encounter-turbulence hypothesis. Feeding stages were positively associated with localized copepod concentrations but not zooplankton biomass anomaly, suggesting that the localized measurements of potential prey is a better indicator compared to broad-scale conditions measured in areas where these stages do not necessarily occur. Broad-resolution covariates, however, explained a greater portion of the overall variation than did fine-resolution models. Of the environmental conditions examined, temperature explained more variation in abundance of walleye pollock early life stages than any other covariate. Temperature is likely a major driving force structuring variability in populations of walleye pollock in their first year of life, acting directly upon them and indirectly upon their physical habitat and prey community. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smart, Tracey I.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.; Wilson, Christopher D.; Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, RACE Div, Recruitment Proc Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Smart, TI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tis@u.washington.edu; janet.duffy-anderson@noaa.gov; jhorne@u.washington.edu; ed.farley@noaa.gov; chris.wilson@noaa.gov; jeff.napp@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.018 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200016 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Ciannelli, L Bailey, KM Bartolino, V AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Bailey, Kevin M. Bartolino, Valerio TI Do walleye pollock exhibit flexibility in where or when they spawn based on variability in water temperature? SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Reproduction; Bering Sea; Ichthyoplankton; Generalized additive model; Sea surface temperature; Global climate change ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY AB Environmental variability is increasingly recognized as a primary determinant of year-class strength of marine fishes by directly or indirectly influencing egg and larval development, growth, and survival. Here we examined the role of annual water temperature variability in determining when and where walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) spawn in the eastern Bering Sea. Walleye pollock spawning was examined using both long-term ichthyoplankton data (N=19 years), as well as with historical spatially explicit, foreign-reported, commercial catch data occurring during the primary walleye pollock spawning season (February-May) each year (N=22 years in total). We constructed variable-coefficient generalized additive models (GAMs) to relate the spatially explicit egg or adult catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) to predictor variables including spawning stock biomass, season, position, and water temperature. The adjusted R-2 value was 63.1% for the egg CPUE model and 35.5% for the adult CPUE model. Both egg and adult GAMs suggest that spawning progresses seasonally from Bogoslof Island in February and March to Outer Domain waters between the Pribilof and Unimak Islands by May. Most importantly, walleye pollock egg and adult CPUE was predicted to generally increase throughout the study area as mean annual water temperature increased. These results suggest low interannual variability in the spatial and temporal dynamics of walleye pollock spawning regardless of changes in environmental conditions, at least at the spatial scale examined in this study and within the time frame of decades. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bartolino, Valerio] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Resources, S-45330 Lysekil, Sweden. [Bartolino, Valerio] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov; lciannelli@coas.oregonstate.edu; kevin.bailey@noaa.gov; valerio.bartolino@gmail.com OI Bartolino, Valerio/0000-0002-4506-4329 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.001 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200017 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Cokelet, ED AF De Robertis, Alex Cokelet, Edward D. TI Distribution of fish and macrozooplankton in ice-covered and open-water areas of the eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Acoustics; Eastern Bering Sea; Sea ice; Temperature; Walleye pollock; Theragra chalcogramma; Icebreaker ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; RECRUITMENT AB The eastern Bering Sea shelf is a productive ecosystem with extensive commercial fisheries. Although the area is well-studied during summer months, little is known about the abundance and distribution of fish and macrozooplankton during periods of seasonal ice cover. The use of an icebreaker during the Bering Sea Ecosystem Study (BEST) provided a platform for spring acoustic surveys of fish and zooplankton in ice-covered areas for the first time. Icebreaker measurements were complemented with observations from conventional vessels during spring and summer. In spring, very little backscatter from fish (dominated by walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma) was observed in the ice-covered northern areas where near-bottom waters were cold ( 37 km). Both seabird species, regardless of foraging mode, were associated with age-1 pollock but not with euphausiids, even though age-1 pollock were less persistent than euphausiids. The higher travel cost central place foragers, thick-billed murres, foraged at prey concentrations nearer their island colonies than black-legged kittiwakes, which were more widespread foragers. Humpback whales were not tied to a central place and mostly were located only where euphausiids were concentrated, and further, often in locations where these concentrations were persistent. Fin whales were associated with locations where age-1 pollock were more likely, similar to black-legged kittiwakes and thick-billed murres, but their association with euphausiids was unclear. Our results suggest that a predator's foraging mode and their restrictions during breeding affect their response to prey persistence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ressler, Patrick H.; Friday, Nancy A.; Wilson, Christopher D.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Mike.Sigler@noaa.gov; Kathy_Kuletz@fws.gov; Patrick.Ressler@noaa.gov; Nancy.Friday@noaa.gov; Chris.Wilson@noaa.gov; Alex.Zerbini@noaa.gov RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 292 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.017 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200023 ER PT J AU Shen, SSP Lee, CK Lawrimore, J AF Shen, Samuel S. P. Lee, Christine K. Lawrimore, Jay TI Uncertainties, Trends, and Hottest and Coldest Years of US Surface Air Temperature since 1895: An Update Based on the USHCN V2 TOB Data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY NETWORK; TIME-SERIES; MINIMUM; MAXIMUM AB This paper estimates the sampling error variances of gridded monthly U.S. Historical Climatology Network, version 2 (USHCN V2), time-of-observation-biases (TOB)-adjusted data. The analysis of mean surface air temperature (SAT) assesses uncertainties, trends, and the rankings of the hottest and coldest years for the contiguous United States in the period of 1895-2008. Data from the USHCN stations are aggregated onto a 2.5 degrees x 3.5 degrees latitude-longitude grid by an arithmetic mean of the stations inside a grid box. The sampling error variances of the gridded monthly data are estimated for every month and every grid box with data. The gridded data and their sampling error variances are used to calculate the contiguous U.S. averages and their trends and associated uncertainties. The sampling error variances are smaller (mostly less than 0.2 degrees C-2) over the eastern United States, where the station density is greater and larger (with values of 1.3 degrees C-2 for some grid boxes in the earlier period) over mountain and coastal areas. In the period of 1895-2008, every month from January to December has a positive linear trend. February has the largest trend of 0.162 degrees C (10 yr)(-1), and September has the smallest trend at 0.020 degrees C (10 yr)(-1). The three hottest (coldest) years measured by the mean SAT over the United States were ranked as 1998, 2006, and 1934 (1917, 1895, and 1912). C1 [Shen, Samuel S. P.; Lee, Christine K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lawrimore, Jay] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Shen, SSP (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM shen@math.sdsu.edu FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [EL133E09SE4048]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1015926, AGS-1015957]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC002763] FX This study was supported in part by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Award EL133E09SE4048), the U.S. National Science Foundation (Awards AGS-1015926 and AGS-1015957), and the U.S. Department of Energy (Award DE-SC002763). Alex Weithmann, Tobias Regele, Max Velado, Julien Pierret, David New, and Olaf Wied helped to produce some figures. Discussion with Barbara Bailey was very helpful. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions that helped to significantly improve the quality of this paper. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 4185 EP 4203 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00102.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GL UT WOS:000306043600013 ER PT J AU Arias, PA Fu, R Mo, KC AF Arias, Paola A. Fu, Rong Mo, Kingtse C. TI Decadal Variation of Rainfall Seasonality in the North American Monsoon Region and Its Potential Causes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; SUMMER PRECIPITATION REGIME; LAND-SURFACE CONDITIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MEXICAN MONSOON; NCAR CCM3; US; SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY AB This study shows that the North American monsoon system's (NAMS) strength, onset, and retreat over northwestern Mexico exhibit multidecadal variations during the period 1948-2009. Two dry regimes, associated with late onsets, early retreats, and weaker rainfall rates, occurred in 1948-70 and 1991-2005, whereas a strong regime, associated with early onsets, late retreats, and stronger rainfall rates, occurred in 1971-90. A recovery of the monsoon strength was observed after 2005. This multidecadal variation is linked to the sea surface temperature anomalies' (SSTAs) variability, which is a combination of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and the warming SST trends. These SST modes appear to cause an anomalous cyclonic circulation and enhanced rainfall over the southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico, which in turn increases the atmospheric stability over the monsoon region. However, these SST modes cannot fully explain the circulation and rainfall anomalies observed during the early-retreat monsoons. An expansion of the North Atlantic surface high (NASH) in recent decades also contributes to the anomalous circulation associated with the early retreats of the NAMS. A northwestward expansion of the NASH further enhances the anomalous cyclonic circulation and rainfall over the southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Its associated northwestward shift of the subtropical jets over the western United States enhances subsidence over the NAMS region. The combined effects of the AMO, the warming trends, and the NASH expansion on atmospheric circulation contribute to a stronger and more persistent earlier retreat during the recent dry regime (1991-2005), while the earlier dry regime (1948-70) appears to be only influenced by the positive phase of the AMO. C1 [Arias, Paola A.] Univ Antioquia, Fac Ingn, Grp Ingn & Gest Ambiental, Medellin 1226, Colombia. [Arias, Paola A.; Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Mo, Kingtse C.] Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Arias, PA (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Fac Ingn, Grp Ingn & Gest Ambiental, Medellin 1226, Colombia. EM paoariasg@gmail.com RI Fu, Rong/B-4922-2011 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0937400]; NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) [NA10OAR4310157] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant AGS-0937400) and the NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) (Grant NA10OAR4310157). We sincerely appreciate the insightful suggestions from Renguang Wu, Dave Gochis, and an anonymous reviewer. We also thank Robert Dickinson and Cesar Pasten for their help with this manuscript. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 4258 EP 4274 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00140.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GL UT WOS:000306043600017 ER PT J AU Lubbecke, JF McPhaden, MJ AF Luebbecke, Joke F. McPhaden, Michael J. TI On the Inconsistent Relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Ninos SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OCEAN; ENSO; CIRCULATION; MODEL; OSCILLATION AB The tropical Atlantic wind response to El Nino forcing is robust, with weakened northeast trade winds north of the equator and strengthened southeast trade winds along and south of the equator. However, the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific and Atlantic is inconsistent, with El Nino events followed sometimes by warm and other times by cold boreal summer anomalies in the Atlantic cold tongue region. Using observational data and a hindcast simulation of the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) global model at 0.5 degrees resolution (NEMO-ORCA05), this inconsistent SST relationship is shown to be at least partly attributable to a delayed negative feedback in the tropical Atlantic that is active in years with a warm or neutral response in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. In these years, the boreal spring warming in the northern tropical Atlantic that is a typical response to El Nino is pronounced, setting up a strong meridional SST gradient. This leads to a negative wind stress curl anomaly to the north of the equator that generates downwelling Rossby waves. When these waves reach the western boundary, they are reflected into downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves that reach the cold tongue region in late boreal summer to counteract the initial cooling that is due to the boreal winter wind stress response to El Nino. In contrast, this initial cooling persists or is amplified in years in which the boreal spring northern tropical Atlantic warming is weak or absent either because of a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase or an early termination of the Pacific El Nino event. C1 [Luebbecke, Joke F.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lubbecke, JF (reprint author), PMEL OCRD BLDG 3,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM joke.luebbecke@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Luebbecke, Joke/G-6315-2016 OI Luebbecke, Joke/0000-0002-7839-3284 FU National Research Council at NOAA/PMEL; DFG [SFB754] FX This research was partly performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL. This work is a contribution of the DFG-supported project SFB754 (www.sfb754.de). The OGCM simulation was kindly provided by Arne Biastoch and performed at the Kiel University Computing Center. The authors thank Billy Kessler for running the modal decomposition routine. The helpful comments from an anonymous reviewer are greatly acknowledged. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 4294 EP 4303 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GL UT WOS:000306043600019 ER PT J AU Liebmann, B Blade, I Kiladis, GN Carvalho, LMV Senay, GB Allured, D Leroux, S Funk, C AF Liebmann, Brant Blade, Ileana Kiladis, George N. Carvalho, Leila M. V. Senay, Gabriel B. Allured, Dave Leroux, Stephanie Funk, Chris TI Seasonality of African Precipitation from 1996 to 2009 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; WEST-AFRICA; RAINY-SEASON; SUMMER MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS; EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; GROWING-SEASON; EAST-AFRICA; DYNAMICS AB A precipitation climatology of Africa is documented using 12 years of satellite-derived daily data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). The focus is on examining spatial variations in the annual cycle and describing characteristics of the wet season(s) using a consistent, objective, and well-tested methodology. Onset is defined as occurring when daily precipitation consistently exceeds its local annual daily average and ends when precipitation systematically drops below that value. Wet season length, rate, and total are then determined. Much of Africa is characterized by a single summer wet season, with a well-defined onset and end, during which most precipitation falls. Exceptions to the single wet season regime occur mostly near the equator, where two wet periods are usually separated by a period of relatively modest precipitation. Another particularly interesting region is the semiarid to arid eastern Horn of Africa, where there are two short wet seasons separated by nearly dry periods. Chiefly, the summer monsoon spreads poleward from near the equator in both hemispheres, although in southern Africa the wet season progresses northwestward from the southeast coast. Composites relative to onset are constructed for selected points in West Africa and in the eastern Horn of Africa. In each case, onset is often preceded by the arrival of an eastward-propagating precipitation disturbance. Comparisons are made with the satellite-based Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and gauge-based Famine Early Warning System (FEWS NET) datasets. GPCP estimates are generally higher than TRMM in the wettest parts of Africa, but the timing of the annual cycle and average onset dates are largely consistent. C1 [Liebmann, Brant] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Leroux, Stephanie] NOAA, ESRL, Natl Res Council, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Brant.Liebmann@noaa.gov RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012 FU NOAA CPO MAPP [NA100AR4310170, GC10-685]; Spanish MICINN [CGL2009-06944 DEVIAJE] FX The authors appreciate the excellent suggestions from both anonymous reviewers. We also acknowledge partial support from NOAA CPO MAPP Projects NA100AR4310170 and GC10-685. Author IB was funded by Grant CGL2009-06944 DEVIAJE of the Spanish MICINN. NR 44 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 4304 EP 4322 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00157.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GL UT WOS:000306043600020 ER PT J AU Nowak, K Hoerling, M Rajagopalan, B Zagona, E AF Nowak, Kenneth Hoerling, Martin Rajagopalan, Balaji Zagona, Edith TI Colorado River Basin Hydroclimatic Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICA; LA-NINA; INTERDECADAL CHANGES AB An analysis of annual hydroclimatic variability in the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) for the period of 1906-2006 was performed to understand the dominant modes of multidecadal variability. First, wavelet-based spectral analysis was employed for streamflow at Lees Ferry, Arizona (aggregate location for UCRB flow), which identified two significant modes: a "low frequency" (similar to 64-yr period) mode and a strong "decadal" (similar to 15-yr period) component active only in recent decades. Subsequent investigation of temperature and precipitation data for the UCRB indicated that the low-frequency variability is associated with temperature via modulation of runoff efficiency while the decadal is strongly tied to moisture delivery. Simple hydrology and climate model experiments are also provided to support the aforementioned findings. Correlation of UCRB precipitation with global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies showed a strong link with the equatorial and northern Pacific during periods of heightened variability of the decadal mode. The correlation of UCRB temperature with global SST anomalies showed strongest values in the Atlantic consistent with the Atlantic rnultidecadal oscillation mode. Wavelet spectral analysis of paleo-reconstructed streamflow at Lees Ferry shows both the low-frequency and decadal flow variability features. Furthermore, the strength of the decadal mode is modulated at an similar to 75-yr time scale, and these are consistent with epochal variations of overall streamflow variance. C1 [Nowak, Kenneth] Lower Colorado Reg, Bur Reclamat, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Nowak, Kenneth; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji; Zagona, Edith] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zagona, Edith] Univ Colorado, Ctr Adv Decis Support Water & Environm Syst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nowak, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 421, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM knowak@usbr.gov RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU Bureau of Reclamation; Western Water Assessment RISA program at the University of Colorado; Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region FX Funding for this research by Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Water Assessment RISA program at the University of Colorado is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Jon Eischeid and Philip Pegion for their assistance in the modeling portions of this work. Thanks are also due to the Center for Advanced Decision Support in Water and Environmental Systems (CADSWES) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, for use of its facilities and computational support. We also thank the three reviewers for their insight and comments that helped to improve this manuscript. Last, special thanks to the Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region, for funding this publication. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 4389 EP 4403 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00406.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GL UT WOS:000306043600025 ER PT J AU Benko, C Ruehl, A Martin, MJ Eikema, KSE Fermann, ME Hartl, I Ye, J AF Benko, C. Ruehl, A. Martin, M. J. Eikema, K. S. E. Fermann, M. E. Hartl, I. Ye, J. TI Full phase stabilization of a Yb:fiber femtosecond frequency comb via high-bandwidth transducers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTRACAVITY ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; FIBER-LASER; LATTICE CLOCK; NOISE; PRECISION AB We present full phase stabilization of an amplified Yb:fiber femtosecond frequency comb using an intracavity electro-optic modulator and an acousto-optic modulator. These transducers provide high servo bandwidths of 580 kHz and 250 kHz for f(rep) and f(ceo), producing a robust and low phase noise fiber frequency comb. The comb was self-referenced with an f - 2f interferometer and phase locked to an ultrastable optical reference used for the JILA Sr optical clock at 698 nm, exhibiting 0.21 rad and 0.47 rad of integrated phase errors (over 1 mHz-1 MHz), respectively. Alternatively, the comb was locked to two optical references at 698 nm and 1064 nm, obtaining 0.43 rad and 0.14 rad of integrated phase errors, respectively. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Benko, C.; Martin, M. J.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Benko, C.; Martin, M. J.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruehl, A.; Fermann, M. E.; Hartl, I.] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ruehl, A.; Eikema, K. S. E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Benko, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM craig.benko@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Eikema, Kjeld/F-6271-2015; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015 OI Eikema, Kjeld/0000-0002-2546-3584; FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency QuASAR Program (DARPA); European Community FX Funding for this work is provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency QuASAR Program (DARPA). A. Ruehl acknowledges support from a European Community Marie Curie Fellowship. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2196 EP 2198 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 960SO UT WOS:000305410500009 PM 22739853 ER PT J AU Ycas, G Osterman, S Diddams, SA AF Ycas, Gabriel Osterman, Steve Diddams, Scott A. TI Generation of a 660-2100 nm laser frequency comb based on an erbium fiber laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSE GENERATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a multibranch laser frequency comb based upon a 250 MHz mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser that spans more than 300 THz of bandwidth, from 660 nm to 2100 nm. Light from a mode-locked Er: fiber laser is amplified and then broadened in highly-nonlinear fiber to produce substantial power at similar to 1050 nm. This light is subsequently amplified in Yb:fiber to produce 1.2 nJ, 73 fs pulses at 1040 nm. Extension of the frequency comb into the visible is achieved by supercontinuum generation from the 1040 nm light. Comb coherence is verified with cascaded f-2f interferometry and comparison to a frequency stabilized laser. C1 [Ycas, Gabriel] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ycas, Gabriel; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Osterman, Steve] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ycas, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ycasg@colorado.edu; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU NIST; NSF FX This work was supported by NIST and the NSF. We thank F. Adler and J.-Y. Kim for helpful comments, R. Fox for providing the stabilized 657 nm laser light, and M. Hirano and Sumitomo Electric Industries for providing the highly nonlinear fiber. This paper is a contribution from the US government and is not subject to copyright in the US. Mention of specific trade names is for technical information only and does not constitute an endorsement by NIST. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2199 EP 2201 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 960SO UT WOS:000305410500010 PM 22739854 ER PT J AU Tomlin, NA Lehman, JH Nam, S AF Tomlin, N. A. Lehman, J. H. Nam, S. TI Towards a fiber-coupled picowatt cryogenic radiometer SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A picowatt cryogenic radiometer (PCR) has been fabricated at the microscale level for electrical substitution optical fiber power measurements. The absorber, electrical heater, and thermometer are all on a micromachined membrane less than 1 mm on a side. Initial measurements with input powers from 50 fW to 20 nW show a response inequivalence between electrical and optical power of 8%. A comparison of the response to electrical and optical input powers between 15 pW to 70 pW yields a repeatability better than +/- 0.3% (k = 2). From our first optical tests, the system has a noise equivalent power of approximate to 5 x 10(-15) W/root Hz at 2 Hz, but simple changes to the measurement scheme should yield an NEP 2 orders of magnitude lower. C1 [Tomlin, N. A.; Lehman, J. H.; Nam, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tomlin, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ntomlin@boulder.nist.gov OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2346 EP 2348 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 960SO UT WOS:000305410500059 PM 22739903 ER PT J AU O'Toole, AC Bottein, MYD Danylchuk, AJ Ramsdell, JS Cooke, SJ AF O'Toole, Amanda C. Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Danylchuk, Andy J. Ramsdell, John S. Cooke, Steven J. TI Linking ciguatera poisoning to spatial ecology of fish: A novel approach to examining the distribution of biotoxin levels in the great barracuda by combining non-lethal blood sampling and biotelemetry SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ciguatoxin; Acoustic telemetry; Non-lethal blood sample; Marine biotoxins; Functional bioassay; Spatial ecology ID SPHYRAENA-BARRACUDA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; CIGUATOXIC BARRACUDA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; FLORIDA-KEYS; PACIFIC; DINOFLAGELLATE; BREVETOXINS AB Ciguatera in humans is typically caused by the consumption of reef fish that have accumulated Ciguatoxins (CTXs) in their flesh. Over a six month period, we captured 38 wild adult great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), a species commonly associated with ciguatera in The Bahamas. We sampled three tissues (i.e., muscle, liver, and blood) and analysed them for the presence of ciguatoxins using a functional in vitro N2A bioassay. Detectable concentrations of ciguatoxins found in the three tissue types ranged from 2.51 to 211.74 pg C-CTX-1 equivalents/g. Blood and liver toxin concentrations were positively correlated (rho = 0.86, P = 0.003), indicating that, for the first time, blood sampling provides a non-lethal method of detecting ciguatoxin in wild fish. Non-lethal blood sampling also presents opportunities to couple this approach with biotelemetry and biologging techniques that enable the study of fish distribution and movement. To demonstrate the potential for linking ciguatoxin occurrence with barracuda spatial ecology, we also present a proof-of-concept case study where blood samples were obtained from 20 fish before releasing them with acoustic transmitters and tracking them in the coastal waters using a fixed acoustic telemetry array covering 44 km(2). Fish that tested positive for CTX may have smaller home ranges than non-toxic fish (median distance travelled, U = 2.21, P = 0.03). Results presented from this study may help identify high risk areas and source-sink dynamics of toxins, potentially reducing the incidence and human health risk of ciguatera fish poisoning. Moreover, development of the non-lethal sampling approach and measurement of ciguatera from blood provide future opportunities to understand the mechanistic relationship between toxins and the spatial ecology of a broad range of marine fish species. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Toole, Amanda C.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Danylchuk, Andy J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP O'Toole, AC (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM amanda.c.otoole@gmail.com RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Bonefish and Tarpon Trust; Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation; Baldwin Foundation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs Program; Carleton University; National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Department of Environmental Conservation [MAS00987] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff and volunteers at the Cape Eleuthera Institute and The Island School. Thank you to K. Murchie, K. Hanson, A. Shultz, C. Haak, E. Brooks, and C. Suski for field and laboratory assistance. Four reviewers from the Marine Biotoxins Program, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research provided comments on an early version of the manuscript. The Bahamas Department of Marine Resources provided scientific collection permits and animal care approval was obtained from the Canadian Council on Animal Care through Carleton University. The receiver array was partially supported by grants from Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, the Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, and the Baldwin Foundation. Additional financial support was provided by Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (through an Early Researcher Award to S.J.C.), the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and Carleton University. A.J.D. was supported by the National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation (project number MAS00987). NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 427 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.053 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956TF UT WOS:000305111300012 PM 22560748 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Goldberg, MD Yu, YY AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Goldberg, Mitchell D. Yu, Yunyue TI Prototype for monitoring and forecasting fall foliage coloration in real time from satellite data SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phenology; Fall foliage coloration; Foliage phase; Time-series satellite data; Temporally-normalized brownness index; Real-time monitoring; Short-term forecasting ID PHENOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CANOPY; GROWTH; MODIS; RESOLUTION; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; SYSTEMS AB While determining vegetation phenology from the time series of historical satellite data has been widely investigated throughout the last decade, little effort has been devoted to real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting. The latter is more important for numerical weather modeling, ecosystem forecasting, forest and crop management, and health risk warning. In this study we developed a prototype approach for the real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting of fall foliage status (including low coloration, moderate coloration, near-peak coloration, peak coloration, and post-peak coloration) using temporal satellite observations. The algorithm combined the climatology of vegetation phenology and temporally available satellite observations to establish a set of potential temporal trajectories of foliage development at a given time. These trajectories were used to identify foliage coloration phases in real time, to predict the occurrence of future phenological events, and, furthermore, to analyze the uncertainty of monitoring and forecasting. With an increase in satellite observations, monitoring and forecasting were continuously updated. The approach developed was tested using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data at a spatial resolution of 500 m across northeastern North America and evaluated using field measurements at the Harvard Forests of the northeastern United States and standard MODIS foliage coloration phases. The results indicate that short-term forecasting can be well implemented in more than half a month before the occurrence of a foliage phase, and that the accuracy of the real-time monitoring of both near-peak-coloration and peak-coloration occurrence is less than 5 days in most mixed forests and deciduous forests. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.; Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NESDIS, STAR, 5825 Univ Res Cf, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 158 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.013 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929PB UT WOS:000303076800003 ER PT J AU Veza, D Sansonetti, CJ Salit, ML Travis, JC AF Veza, Damir Sansonetti, Craig J. Salit, Marc L. Travis, John C. TI Wave numbers and pressure-induced shifts of Ar I atomic lines measured by Fourier transform spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-CATHODE SOURCE; ARGON SPECTRAL-LINES; WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RARE-GASES; 5865 NM; COLLISIONS; DISCHARGE; REGION; HE AB Wave numbers and pressure-induced shifts of 19 blue argon emission lines belonging to the 3p(5)6p-3p(5)4s and 3p(5)5p-3p(5)4s transition arrays were measured with high accuracy using a UV/visible Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). The measurements were made using electrodeless lamps containing traces of Hg-198 and argon at pressures of 33 Pa (1/4 Torr), 400 Pa (3 Torr), 933 Pa (7 Torr) and 1333 Pa (10 Torr). Calibration of the FTS wave number scale was obtained using the four most prominent lines of Hg-198 as internal standards. The pressure-induced shifts of the argon emission lines are in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. These results are of importance for astronomers and analytical chemists who use argon lines for practical wavelength standards as well as for theoreticians calculating argon-argon interactions and potential energy curves of diatomic argon molecules. C1 [Veza, Damir; Sansonetti, Craig J.; Salit, Marc L.; Travis, John C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Veza, Damir] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. RP Veza, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM veza@phy.hr NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 11 AR 115001 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/45/11/115001 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 958ZZ UT WOS:000305280800002 ER PT J AU Toft-Petersen, R Andersen, NH Li, HF Li, JY Tian, W Bud'ko, SL Jensen, TBS Niedermayer, C Laver, M Zaharko, O Lynn, JW Vaknin, D AF Toft-Petersen, Rasmus Andersen, Niels H. Li, Haifeng Li, Jiying Tian, Wei Bud'ko, Sergey L. Jensen, Thomas B. S. Niedermayer, Christof Laver, Mark Zaharko, Oksana Lynn, Jeffrey W. Vaknin, David TI Magnetic phase diagram of magnetoelectric LiMnPO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-FLOP; TETRACRITICAL POINTS; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; FERROELECTRICITY; ANTIFERROMAGNET; SCATTERING AB The nature of the spin-flop (SF) transition in the magnetoelectric quasi-2D Heisenberg system LiMnPO4 is studied in fields applied along the a axis. A refinement of the magnetic structure using neutron diffraction data in the SF phase reveals that the spins reorient from being parallel to the a axis to be nearly along the c axis at magnetic fields between 4 and 4.7 T, depending on temperature. The low-field antiferromagnetic phase boundary is shown to join the spin-flop line tangentially at the so-called bicritical point, where there is a suppression of the ordering temperature. At the bicritical field, we observe an increased intensity of the Lorentz broadened elastic scattering at magnetic Bragg peaks above T-N as compared to zero field and 10 T, without an increase in peak width. This suggests an increased density of fluctuations at the bicritical field as compared to zero field. C1 [Toft-Petersen, Rasmus; Andersen, Niels H.; Jensen, Thomas B. S.; Laver, Mark] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Toft-Petersen, Rasmus] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Li, Haifeng; Li, Jiying; Tian, Wei; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Haifeng; Li, Jiying; Tian, Wei; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Niedermayer, Christof; Laver, Mark; Zaharko, Oksana] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Laver, Mark] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Toft-Petersen, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RI Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Li, Haifeng/F-9743-2013; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Niedermayer, Christof/K-4436-2014; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 FU Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation under DANSCATT; Swiss NSF [PP002-102831]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Jens Jensen of the University of Copenhagen is greatly acknowledged for illuminating discussions, for determining the anisotropy and for performing the mean field calculations of the magnetization. The authors would like to thank Ellen Fogh, Dennis Lund Lorenzen, Nelson Walther Bayas, and Mikkel Ronne Lotz for useful assistance during the RITA-II experiment. Work was supported by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation under DANSCATT and by the Swiss NSF via Contract No. PP002-102831. The manuscript has been authored, in whole or in part, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 with the US Department of Energy. Neutron experiments were performed at the SINQ neutron spallation source at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 14 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 22 AR 224415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.224415 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 958PC UT WOS:000305251300004 ER PT J AU Wang, C Chu, LH Yao, QR Sun, Y Wu, MM Ding, L Yan, J Na, YY Tang, WH Li, GN Huang, QZ Lynn, JW AF Wang, Cong Chu, Lihua Yao, Qingrong Sun, Ying Wu, Meimei Ding, Lei Yan, Jun Na, Yuanyuan Tang, Weihua Li, Guannan Huang, Qingzhen Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Tuning the range, magnitude, and sign of the thermal expansion in intermetallic Mn-3(Zn, M)(x) N(M = Ag, Ge) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE AB Neutron diffraction is used to reveal the origin and control of the thermal expansion properties of the cubic intermetallic compounds Mn3ZnxN and Mn-3[Zn-(Ag, Ge)](x)N. We show that the introduction of Zn vacancies induces and stabilizes an antiferromagnetic phase with huge spin-lattice coupling that can be tuned to achieve zero thermal expansion (ZTE) over a wide temperature range. We further show that the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature (T-N) that controls this ZTE can be tuned by chemical substitution, again on the Zn site, to adjust the span of ZTE temperatures from well above room temperature to well below. This establishes a quantitative relationship and mechanism to precisely control the ZTE of a single material, enabling it to be tailored for specific device applications. C1 [Wang, Cong; Chu, Lihua; Sun, Ying; Ding, Lei; Yan, Jun; Na, Yuanyuan] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Yao, Qingrong; Wu, Meimei; Li, Guannan; Huang, Qingzhen; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yao, Qingrong] Guilin Univ Elect Technol, Dept Informat Mat & Engn, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. [Wu, Meimei] Chinese Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Tang, Weihua] Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, State Key Lab Informat Photon & Opt Telecommun, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China. [Li, Guannan] Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM congwang@buaa.edu.cn; jeffrey.lynn@nist.gov RI Tang, Weihua/O-1998-2013; Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016; DING, LEI/S-5233-2016 OI Tang, Weihua/0000-0002-8771-3120; DING, LEI/0000-0002-1556-2095 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51172012, 91122026] FX Work in China was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 51172012 and No. 91122026). The authors thank D. A. Neumann and A. Santoro (NIST) for very constructive discussions. NR 33 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 14 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 22 AR 220103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.220103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 958PC UT WOS:000305251300001 ER PT J AU Gil, DL Windover, D AF Gil, D. L. Windover, D. TI Limitations of x-ray reflectometry in the presence of surface contamination SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; REFLECTIVITY; METROLOGY; FILM AB Intentionally deposited thin films exposed to atmosphere often develop unintentionally deposited few-monolayer films of surface contamination. This contamination arises from the diverse population of volatile organics and inorganics in the atmosphere. Such surface contamination can affect the uncertainties in determination of thickness, roughness and density of thin-film structures by x-ray reflectometry (XRR). Here we study the effect of a 0.5 nm carbon surface contamination layer on thickness determination for a 20 nm titanium nitride thin film on silicon. Uncertainties calculated using Markov-chain Monte Carlo Bayesian statistical methods from simulated data of clean and contaminated TiN thin films are compared at varying degrees of data quality to study (1) whether synchrotron sources cope better with contamination than laboratory sources and (2) whether cleaning off the surface of thin films prior to XRR measurement is necessary. We show that, surprisingly, contributions to uncertainty from surface contamination can dominate uncertainty estimates, leading to minimal advantages in using synchrotron-over laboratory-intensity data. Further, even prior knowledge of the exact nature of the surface contamination does not significantly reduce the contamination's contribution to the uncertainty in the TiN layer thickness. We conclude, then, that effective and standardized cleaning protocols are necessary to achieve high levels of accuracy in XRR measurement. C1 [Gil, D. L.; Windover, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gil, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM windover@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUN 13 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 23 AR 235301 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/45/23/235301 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 957PR UT WOS:000305175500014 ER PT J AU Bielska, K Havey, DK Scace, GE Lisak, D Hodges, JT AF Bielska, K. Havey, D. K. Scace, G. E. Lisak, D. Hodges, J. T. TI Spectroscopic measurement of the vapour pressure of ice SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE water vapour; ice vapour pressure; cavity ring-down spectroscopy ID WATER-VAPOR; TRIPLE POINT; GASES AB We present a laser absorption technique to measure the saturation vapour pressure of hexagonal ice. This method is referenced to the triple-point state of water and uses frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy to probe four rotation-vibration transitions of (H2O)-O-16 at wavenumbers near 7180 cm(-1). Laser measurements are made at the output of a temperature-regulated standard humidity generator, which contains ice. The dynamic range of the technique is extended by measuring the relative intensities of three weak/strong transition pairs at fixed ice temperature and humidity concentration. Our results agree with a widely used thermodynamically derived ice vapour pressure correlation over the temperature range 0 degrees C to -70 degrees C to within 0.35 per cent. C1 [Scace, G. E.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bielska, K.; Lisak, D.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Havey, D. K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35] FX The research was supported by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programmes. We also acknowledge additional support by the Programme of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and the Polish MNISW Project no. N N202 1255 35. The authors also thank Christopher Meyer for carefully reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions and Allan Harvey for calculating the H2O-N2 enhancement factor. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JUN 13 PY 2012 VL 370 IS 1968 BP 2509 EP 2519 DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0188 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 934QP UT WOS:000303460500003 PM 22547230 ER PT J AU Baranov, YI Lafferty, WJ AF Baranov, Yu. I. Lafferty, W. J. TI The water vapour self- and water-nitrogen continuum absorption in the 1000 and 2500 cm(-1) atmospheric windows SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE water vapour continuum; atmospheric windows; laboratory measurements; MT_CKD continuum model ID COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; SPECTRAL REGION; 363 K; TEMPERATURES; MIXTURES; CO2; DEPENDENCE; GASES; BANDS; O-2 AB The pure water vapour and water-nitrogen continuum absorption in the 1000 and 2500 cm(-1) atmospheric windows has been studied using a 2m base-length White-type multi-pass cell coupled with a BOMEM DA3-002 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The measurements were carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD) over the course of several years (2004, 2006-2007, 2009). New data on the H2O:N-2 continuum in the 1000 cm(-1) window are presented and summarized along with the other experimental results and the continuum model. The experimental data reported on the water vapour continuum in these atmospheric windows basically agree with the most reliable laboratory data from the other sources. The MT_CKD (Mlawer-Tobin-Clough-Kneizys-Davies) continuum model significantly departs from the experimental data in both windows. The deviation observed includes the continuum magnitude, spectral behaviour and temperature dependence. In the 2500 cm(-1) region, the model does not allow for the nitrogen fundamental collision-induced absorption (CIA) band intensity enhancement caused by H2O:N-2 collisions and underestimates the actual absorption by over two orders of magnitude. The water vapour continuum interpretation as a typical CIA spectrum is reviewed and discussed. C1 [Baranov, Yu. I.; Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Baranov, YI (reprint author), SPA Typhoon, Inst Expt Meteorol, 4 Pobedy St Obninsk, Kaluga 249020, Russia. EM ybaranov04@mail.ru FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-05-93105]; NASA FX The authors acknowledge support from the Upper Atmospheric Research Programme of NASA. We thank also the anonymous referees for many useful suggestions. Yu.B. would like to thank the NIST Physics Laboratory Management for the opportunity to carry out the reported research. He also acknowledges partial financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research through grant 10-05-93105. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JUN 13 PY 2012 VL 370 IS 1968 BP 2578 EP 2589 DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0234 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 934QP UT WOS:000303460500006 PM 22547233 ER PT J AU Jeong, S Zhao, CF Andrews, AE Bianco, L Wilczak, JM Fischer, ML AF Jeong, Seongeun Zhao, Chuanfeng Andrews, Arlyn E. Bianco, Laura Wilczak, James M. Fischer, Marc L. TI Seasonal variation of CH4 emissions from central California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEPTH; METHANE EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES; SIMULATION-MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; STILT MODEL; N2O FLUXES AB We estimate seasonal variations in methane (CH4) emissions from central California from December 2007 through November 2008 by comparing CH4 mixing ratios measured at a tall tower with transport model predictions based on a global 1 degrees a priori CH4 emissions map (EDGAR32) and a 10 km seasonally varying California-specific map, calibrated to statewide by CH4 emission totals. Atmospheric particle trajectories and surface footprints are computed using the Weather Research and Forecasting and Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport models. Uncertainties due to wind velocity and boundary layer mixing depth are evaluated using measurements from radar wind profilers. CH4 signals calculated using the EDGAR32 emission model are larger than those based on the California-specific model and in better agreement with measurements. However, Bayesian inverse analyses using the California-specific and EDGAR32 maps yield comparable annually averaged posterior CH4 emissions totaling 1.55 +/- 0.24 times and 1.84 +/- 0.27 times larger than the California-specific prior emissions, respectively, for a region of central California within approximately 150 km of the tower. If these results are applicable across California, state total CH4 emissions would account for approximately 9% of state total greenhouse gas emissions. Spatial resolution of emissions within the region near the tower reveal seasonality expected from several biogenic sources, but correlations in the posterior errors on emissions from both prior models indicate that the tower footprints do not resolve spatial structure of emissions. This suggests that including additional towers in a measurement network will improve the regional specificity of the posterior estimates. C1 [Jeong, Seongeun; Zhao, Chuanfeng; Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhao, Chuanfeng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Bianco, Laura; Wilczak, James M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bianco, Laura] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jeong, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS 90K-127,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sjeong@lbl.gov RI Zhao, Chuanfeng/G-8546-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012 FU California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We thank Dave Field, Dave Bush, Edward Wahl, and particularly Jon Kofler for their assistance with the installation and maintenance of the instrumentation at WGC; Edward Dlugokencky for his advice and assistance in verifying the Picarro instrument performance at NOAA; John Lin, Steve Wofsy, Janusz Eluszkiewicz, and Thomas Nehrkorn for generously sharing the STILT code and providing advice; Chris Potter and William Salas for sharing modeled CH4 emission for use as a priori estimates; Larry Hunsaker and Webster Tassat for providing the California ARB estimates of landfill CH4 emissions; and Krishna Muriki for assistance in running WRF-STILT on the LBNL-Lawrencium computer cluster. We gratefully acknowledge NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the use of the HYSPLIT model underlying STILT and NCEP for the provision of the NARR meteorology. We also thank Jean Bogner, Eric Crosson, Guido Franco, Ying-Kuang Hsu, Eileen McCauley, and Tony VanCuren for valuable comments. This study was supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The contribution of Chuanfeng Zhao for this work was partly performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The findings, views, and opinions presented in this paper do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the California Energy Commission or the State of California. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D11306 DI 10.1029/2011JD016896 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 959WF UT WOS:000305347700001 ER PT J AU Owejan, JE Owejan, JP DeCaluwe, SC Dura, JA AF Owejan, Jeanette E. Owejan, Jon P. DeCaluwe, Steven C. Dura, Joseph A. TI Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Li-Ion Batteries: Evolving Structures Measured In situ by Neutron Reflectometry SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Li ion battery; solid electrolyte interphase; in situ neutron reflectometry ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE SOLUTIONS; LITHIUM ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; SALT-SOLUTIONS; SURFACE-FILMS; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CYCLING EFFICIENCY; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; ALKALI-METALS AB Li-ion batteries are made possible by the solid electrolyte interphase, SEI, a self-forming passivation layer, generated because of electrolyte instability with respect to the anode chemical potential. Ideally it offers sufficient electronic resistance to limit electrolyte decomposition to the amount needed for its formation. However, slow continued SET growth leads to capacity fade and increased cell resistance. Despite the SEI's critical significance, currently structural characterization is incomplete because of the reactive and delicate nature of the SET and the electrolyte system in which it is formed. Here we present, for the first time, in situ neutron reflectometry measurements of the SEI layer as function of potential in a working lithium half-cell. The SEI layer after 10 and 20 CV cycles is 4.0 and 4.5 nm, respectively, growing to 8.9 nm after a series of potentiostatic holds that approximates a charge/discharge cycle. Specified data sets show uniform mixing of SEI components. C1 [Owejan, Jeanette E.; Owejan, Jon P.] Gen Motors, Electrochem Energy Res Lab, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. [DeCaluwe, Steven C.; Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeCaluwe, Steven C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Owejan, JE (reprint author), Gen Motors, Electrochem Energy Res Lab, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. EM jeanette.owejan@gm.com; dura@nist.gov RI DeCaluwe, Steven/B-6074-2011; Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU NIST ARRA [60NANB10D027]; National Research Council through NRC FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding for this work through NIST ARRA Award Number: 60NANB10D027, part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, as well as the National Research Council for funding through the NRC Research Associateship Program. Nicholas P. Irish of GM Global R&D is acknowledged for XPS data collection and peak deconvolution and Paul A. Kienzle, NCNR, for useful discussions of NR fitting. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 13 U2 112 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 12 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2133 EP 2140 DI 10.1021/cm3006887 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 956MA UT WOS:000305092600020 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, D Douglas, JF Karim, A AF Bandyopadhyay, Diya Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir TI Fullerene Nanoparticles as Molecular Surfactant for Dewetting of Phase-Separating Polymer Blend Films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM; SUPPRESSION; POLYSTYRENE; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR AB We investigate the effects of fullerene nanoparticles (f-NP) on the dewetting morphology in the immiscible temperature regime of blend films of polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB) on silicon substrate. As in our former work in the miscible temperature regime of this blend film, competitive partitioning of the f-NPs to the polymer-polymer and the substrate interfaces in blend films requires a larger concentration of f-NPs (similar to 10 mass %) to suppress film dewetting than in homopolymer components (similar to 2 mass %). In contrast, however, phase-separated blend films rapidly dewet into hemispherical droplets due to finite interfacial tension of internal blend components unlike irregular shape droplets obtained in miscible blend films. The effect of the f-NPs (1 mass % to 5 mass % f-NP) is to simultaneously reduce the size and contact angle of the dewet droplets, but the hemispherical shape of droplets is maintained, suggesting the f-NPs act to (a) only reduce the phase-separated blend interfacial tension but not fully compatibilize it into single phase and (b) reduce the blend substrate interfacial tension progressively. Selective solvent etching of the PS blend component reveals a spherical PS core enclosed within a circular PB shell at all f-NP concentrations. Confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals that the f-NPs are distributed in both phases consistent with the hemispherical shape and calculations that predict only a weak reduction of interfacial tension. The dewet blend droplet contact angle (likewise polymer-substrate interfacial tension) measured by atomic force microscopy shows a bimodal behavior, reducing rapidly (by 40%) at low (0.1 mass %) f-NP levels and significantly slowing down at higher f-NP concentrations. Molecular surfactant like behavior of the f-NPs in the blend films then provides an effective means of tuning dewetting blend film morphology dimensions without compromising phase behavior for potential applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Diya; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alamgir@uakron.edu FU University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-BES) [DE-FG02-10ER4779]; Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron (ABIA) FX This work was supported by the University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-BES Grant No. DE-FG02-10ER4779), and the Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron (ABIA), supported Akron Functional Materials Center (AFMC). D.B. would also like to thank Gurpreet Singh and Prof. Matthew L. Becker for helpful discussions. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 12 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 11 BP 4716 EP 4722 DI 10.1021/ma300008e PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 956LW UT WOS:000305092200034 ER PT J AU Luo, HQ Zhang, R Laver, M Yamani, Z Wang, M Lu, XY Wang, MY Chen, YC Li, SL Chang, S Lynn, JW Dai, PC AF Luo, Huiqian Zhang, Rui Laver, Mark Yamani, Zahra Wang, Meng Lu, Xingye Wang, Miaoyin Chen, Yanchao Li, Shiliang Chang, Sung Lynn, Jeffrey W. Dai, Pengcheng TI Coexistence and Competition of the Short-Range Incommensurate Antiferromagnetic Order with the Superconducting State of BaFe2-xNixAs2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Superconductivity in the iron pnictides develops near antiferromagnetism, and the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase appears to overlap with the superconducting phase in some materials such as BaFe2-xTxAs2 (where T = Co or Ni). Here we use neutron scattering to demonstrate that genuine long-range AF order and superconductivity do not coexist in BaFe2-xNixAs2 near optimal superconductivity. In addition, we find a first-order-like AF-to-superconductivity phase transition with no evidence for a magnetic quantum critical point. Instead, the data reveal that incommensurate short-range AF order coexists and competes with superconductivity, where the AF spin correlation length is comparable to the superconducting coherence length. C1 [Luo, Huiqian; Zhang, Rui; Wang, Meng; Lu, Xingye; Chen, Yanchao; Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Laver, Mark] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Laver, Mark] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. [Yamani, Zahra] AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Natl Res Council, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Lu, Xingye; Wang, Miaoyin; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chen, Yanchao] China Inst Atom Energy, Sci & Technol Nucl Data Lab, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Chang, Sung; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Luo, HQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM pdai@utk.edu RI yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Wang, Miaoyin/C-9224-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331 FU MOST [2011CBA00110, 2010CB833102, 2012CB821400]; NSFC [11004233]; U.S. [NSF-DMR-1063866, NSF-OISE-0968226] FX We thank Jiangping Hu, Qimiao Si, Daoxin Yao, Hai-Hu Wen, and Xingjiang Zhou for helpful discussions and transport measurements. The work at IOP, CAS, is supported by MOST (973 project: 2011CBA00110, 2010CB833102, and 2012CB821400) and NSFC (No. 11004233). The work at UTK is supported by the U.S. NSF-DMR-1063866 and NSF-OISE-0968226. Part of the work is based on experiments performed at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. M. L. acknowledges support from DanScatt. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 24 AR 247002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.247002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 956UV UT WOS:000305115700012 PM 23004310 ER PT J AU Sterk, JD Luo, L Manning, TA Maunz, P Monroe, C AF Sterk, J. D. Luo, L. Manning, T. A. Maunz, P. Monroe, C. TI Photon collection from a trapped ion-cavity system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DETERMINISTIC GENERATION; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; QUANTUM NETWORK; SINGLE PHOTONS; FIELD; ENTANGLEMENT; OPTICS; ATOMS AB We present the design and implementation of a trapped ion-cavity QED system. A single ytterbium ion is confined by a micron-scale ion trap inside a 2-mm optical cavity. The ion is coherently pumped by near-resonant laser light while the cavity output is monitored as a function of pump intensity and cavity detuning. We observe a Purcell enhancement of scattered light into the solid angle subtended by the optical cavity, as well as a three-peak structure arising from strongly driving the atom. This system can be integrated into existing atom-photon quantum network protocols and is a pathway toward an efficient atom-photon quantum interface. C1 [Sterk, J. D.; Luo, L.; Manning, T. A.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sterk, J. D.; Luo, L.; Manning, T. A.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maunz, P.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Sterk, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdsterk@sandia.gov RI Luo, Le/E-3225-2010; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Luo, Le/I-6459-2013 OI Luo, Le/0000-0002-8375-6326 FU US Army Research Office (ARO); MURI; NSF Physics; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX The authors would like to thank Luis A. Orozco and Howard Carmichael for providing useful insight into cavity QED theory as well as discussions of experimental techniques and system modeling. This work is supported by the US Army Research Office (ARO) with funds from the IARPA MQCO Program and the MURI program on Quantum Optical Circuits of Hybrid Quantum Memories, NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 11 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 6 AR 062308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.062308 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 956KG UT WOS:000305087900004 ER PT J AU Potzick, J Marx, E AF Potzick, James Marx, Egon TI Parametric uncertainty in nanoscale optical dimensional measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPE; MODEL AB Image modeling establishes the relation between an object and its image when an optical microscope is used to measure the dimensions of an object of size comparable to the illumination wavelength. It accounts for the influence of all of the parameters that can affect the image and relates the apparent feature width (FW) in the image to the true FW of the object. The values of these parameters, however, have uncertainties, and these uncertainties propagate through the model and lead to parametric uncertainty in the FW measurement, a key component of the combined measurement uncertainty. The combined uncertainty is required in order to decide if the result is adequate for its intended purpose and to ascertain if it is consistent with other results. The parametric uncertainty for optical photomask measurements derived using an edge intensity threshold approach has been described previously; this paper describes an image library approach to this issue and shows results for optical photomask metrology over a FW range of 10 nm to 8 mu m using light of wavelength 365 nm. The principles will be described; a one-dimensional image library will be used; the method of comparing images, along with a simple interpolation method, will be explained; and results will be presented. This method is easily extended to any kind of imaging microscope and to more dimensions in parameter space. It is more general than the edge threshold method and leads to markedly different uncertainties for features smaller than the wavelength. C1 [Potzick, James; Marx, Egon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marx, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM egon.marx@nist.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 17 BP 3707 EP 3717 DI 10.1364/AO.51.003707 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 958XN UT WOS:000305274400002 PM 22695647 ER PT J AU Giacomazzo, B Baker, JG Miller, MC Reynolds, CS van Meter, JR AF Giacomazzo, Bruno Baker, John G. Miller, M. Coleman Reynolds, Christopher S. van Meter, James R. TI GENERAL RELATIVISTIC SIMULATIONS OF MAGNETIZED PLASMAS AROUND MERGING SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; gravitational waves; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); methods: numerical ID ELECTROMAGNETIC COUNTERPARTS; NUMERICAL RELATIVITY; NEUTRON-STARS; MASS-LOSS; MERGERS; BINARY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; ACCRETION; AFTERGLOW; DISKS AB Coalescing supermassive black hole binaries are produced by the mergers of galaxies and are the most powerful sources of gravitational waves accessible to space-based gravitational observatories. Some such mergers may occur in the presence of matter and magnetic fields and hence generate an electromagnetic counterpart. In this Letter, we present the first general relativistic simulations of magnetized plasma around merging supermassive black holes using the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code Whisky. By considering different magnetic field strengths, going from non-magnetically dominated to magnetically dominated regimes, we explore how magnetic fields affect the dynamics of the plasma and the possible emission of electromagnetic signals. In particular, we observe a total amplification of the magnetic field of similar to 2 orders of magnitude, which is driven by the accretion onto the binary and that leads to much stronger electromagnetic signals, more than a factor of 10(4) larger than comparable calculations done in the force-free regime where such amplifications are not possible. C1 [Giacomazzo, Bruno] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno; Miller, M. Coleman; Reynolds, Christopher S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno; Baker, John G.; van Meter, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 21114 USA. [Miller, M. Coleman; Reynolds, Christopher S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Giacomazzo, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Giacomazzo, Bruno/I-8088-2012 OI Giacomazzo, Bruno/0000-0002-6947-4023 FU NASA through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center; NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; XSEDE [TG-PHY110027]; NASA [NNX09AI75G, 09-ATP09-0136]; NSF [AST 1009396] FX We thank Phil Armitage, Tamara Bogdanovic, Bernard Kelly, Krzysztof Nalewajko, Carlos Palenzuela, Luciano Rezzolla, Jeremy Schnittman, and Roman Shcherbakov for useful comments and suggestions. We also thank Philip Cowperthwaite for help in visualizing some of the numerical data. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center and NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Numerical simulations were also performed on the cluster RANGER at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin through XSEDE grant No. TG-PHY110027. B.G. acknowledges support from NASA grant No. NNX09AI75G and NSF grant No. AST 1009396. J.B. and J.v.M. acknowledge support from NASA grant 09-ATP09-0136. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2012 VL 752 IS 1 AR L15 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/752//L15 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 948FL UT WOS:000304488900015 ER PT J AU Richard, DJ Striegel, AM AF Richard, Dustin J. Striegel, Andre M. TI The obstruction factor in size-exclusion chromatography. 2. The interparticle, intraparticle, and total obstruction factors SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Size-exclusion chromatography; Obstruction factor; Band broadening; Hydrodynamic chromatography ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-TRANSFER; LONGITUDINAL DIFFUSION; STATIONARY-PHASE; BAND DISPERSION; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS AB "Obstruction factor" is a generic rubric under which are usually gathered the interparticle, intraparticle, stationary phase, and total obstruction factors, gamma(e), gamma(p), gamma(s), and gamma(t), respectively. These, in turn, affect longitudinal diffusion and stationary, mobile phase, and stagnant mobile phase mass transfer. We conclude here our investigation into the various obstruction factors operative in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Stop-flow experiments were employed to determine either the interparticle (for analytes with K-SEC = 0) or the total (for analytes with K-SEC > 0) obstruction factor, and these results were combined with those from variable-flow-rate experiments which provided the intraparticle obstruction factor. Because of minimal enthalpic interactions between the analytes and stationary phase, in SEC gamma(s) approximate to 0, which allows for isolation of the other obstruction factors. A relationship between gamma(t), gamma(e), and gamma(p), was proposed for SEC, based on previous independent work and dependent upon the various column porosities. This relationship was extended to hydrodynamic chromatography, a technique in which, ideally, both gamma(s) and gamma(p) are equal to zero. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richard, Dustin J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 8 PY 2012 VL 1241 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.024 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 948NB UT WOS:000304508800009 PM 22560342 ER PT J AU Massillon-JL, G Minniti, R Mitch, MG Soares, CG AF Massillon-JL, G. Minniti, R. Mitch, M. G. Soares, C. G. TI Measurement of the absorbed dose distribution near an Ir-192 intravascular brachytherapy seed using a high-spatial-resolution gel dosimetry system SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Recent Advances in MonteCarlo Techniques for Radiation Therapy CY JUN 08-10, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA ID IN-STENT RESTENOSIS; BETA-RADIATION THERAPY; MONTE-CARLO; VASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY; PARAMETERS; RECOMMENDATIONS; VERIFICATION; IRRADIATION; SR-90/Y-90 AB The absorbed dose distribution at sub-millimeter distances from the Best single Ir-192 intravascular brachytherapy seed was measured using a high-spatial-resolution gel dosimetry system. Two gel phantoms from the same batch were used; one for the seed irradiation and one for calibration. Since the response of this gel is energy independent for photons between 20 and 1250 keV, the gel was calibrated using a narrowly collimated Co-60 gamma-ray beam (cross-sectional area similar to 1 cm(2)). A small format laser computed tomography scanner was used to acquire the data. The measurements were carried out with a spatial resolution of 100 mu m in all dimensions. The seed was calibrated at NIST in terms of air-kerma strength. The absorbed dose rate as well as the radial dose function, g(L)(r), was measured for radial distances between 0.6 and 12.6 mm from the seed center. The dose rate constant was measured, yielding a value of Lambda = (1.122 +/- 0.032) cGy h(-1) U-1, which agrees with published data within the measurement uncertainty. For distances between 0.6 and 1.5 mm, g(L)(r) decreases from a maximum value of 1.06 down to 1.00; between 1.5 and 6.7 mm, an enhancement is clearly observed with a maximum value around 1.24 and beyond 6.7 mm, g(L)(r) has an approximately constant value around 1.0, which suggests that this seed can be considered as a point source only at distances larger than 6.7 mm. This latter observation agrees with data for the same seed reported previously using Gafchromic film MD-55-2. Additionally, published Monte Carlo (MC) calculations have predicted the observed behavior of the radial dose function resulting from the absorbed dose contributions of beta particles and electrons emitted by the Ir-192 seed. Nonetheless, in the enhancement region, MC underestimates the dose by approximately 20%. This work suggests that beta particles and electrons emitted from the seed make a significant contribution to the total absorbed dose delivered at distances near the seed center (less than 6 mm) and therefore cannot be neglected, given the dimensions of blood vessel walls. C1 [Massillon-JL, G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Minniti, R.; Mitch, M. G.; Soares, C. G.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Massillon-JL, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, AP 20-364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. EM massillon@fisica.unam.mx RI Massillon-JL, Guerda/E-9052-2013 FU DGAPA-UNAM [IN102610]; Conacyt [127409] FX We acknowledge Ramesh Yalamanchili from Best Medical International for providing the 192Ir seed. This work was partially supported by DGAPA-UNAM grant IN102610 and Conacyt grant 127409. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 EI 1361-6560 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JUN 7 PY 2012 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3407 EP 3418 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/57/11/3407 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 944NJ UT WOS:000304210300014 PM 22572625 ER PT J AU Lorbacher, K Marsland, SJ Church, JA Griffies, SM Stammer, D AF Lorbacher, K. Marsland, S. J. Church, J. A. Griffies, S. M. Stammer, D. TI Rapid barotropic sea level rise from ice sheet melting SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN MODELS; FLUX; GREENLAND AB Sea level rise associated with idealized Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet melting events is examined using a global coupled ocean sea-ice model that has a free surface formulation and thus can simulate fast barotropic motions. The perturbation experiments follow the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment (CORE) version III. All regions of the global ocean experience a sea level rise within 7-8 days of the initialization of a polar meltwater input of 0.1 Sv (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). The fast adjustment contrasts sharply with the slower adjustment associated with the smaller steric sea level evolution that is also connected with melt events. The global mean sea level rises by 9 mm yr(-1) when this forcing is applied either from Greenland or Antarctica. Nevertheless, horizontal inter-basin gradients in sea level remain. For climate adaption in low-lying coastal and island regions, it is critical that the barotropic sea level signal associated with melt events is taken into consideration, as it leads to a fast sea level rise from melting ice sheets for the bulk of the global ocean. A linear relation between sea level rise and global meltwater input is further supported by experiments in which idealized melting occurs only in a region east or west of the Antarctic Peninsula, and when melting rates are varied between 0.01 Sv and 1.0 Sv. The results indicate that in ocean models that do not explicitly represent the barotropic signal, the barotropic component of sea level rise can be added off-line to the simulated steric signal. C1 [Lorbacher, K.; Marsland, S. J.] CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Church, J. A.] CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Griffies, S. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Stammer, D.] Univ Hamburg, CEN, Hamburg, Germany. RP Marsland, SJ (reprint author), CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM simon.marsland@csiro.au RI Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Church, John/A-1541-2012 OI Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194 FU NCI National Facility at the ANU; CNES; AusAID; Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency; Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO; Australian Climate Change Science Program FX This work was supported by the NCI National Facility at the ANU. The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by Aviso, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs). This work has been undertaken as part of the Pacific Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by AusAID, the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, and as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C06003 DI 10.1029/2011JC007733 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 957IK UT WOS:000305154700001 ER PT J AU Adam, S Hwang, EH Das Sarma, S AF Adam, S. Hwang, E. H. Das Sarma, S. TI Two-dimensional transport and screening in topological insulator surface states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE; BI2SE3 AB We study disorder effects on the surface states of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 close to the topologically protected crossing point. Close to charge neutrality, local fluctuations in carrier density arising from the random charged disorder in the environment result in electron and hole puddles that dominate the electronic properties of these materials. By calculating the polarizability of the surface state using the random-phase approximation, and determining the characteristics of puddles using the self-consistent approximation, we find that band asymmetry plays a crucial role in determining experimentally measured quantities, including the conductivity and the puddle autocorrelation length. C1 [Adam, S.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, E. H.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Adam, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Hwang, Euyheon/A-6239-2013; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X FU US-ONR; NRI-SWAN FX This work is supported by US-ONR and NRI-SWAN. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 6 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 23 AR 235413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.235413 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 953HE UT WOS:000304856800006 ER PT J AU Ayres, KL Booth, RK Hempelmann, JA Koski, KL Emmons, CK Baird, RW Balcomb-Bartok, K Hanson, MB Ford, MJ Wasser, SK AF Ayres, Katherine L. Booth, Rebecca K. Hempelmann, Jennifer A. Koski, Kari L. Emmons, Candice K. Baird, Robin W. Balcomb-Bartok, Kelley Hanson, M. Bradley Ford, Michael J. Wasser, Samuel K. TI Distinguishing the Impacts of Inadequate Prey and Vessel Traffic on an Endangered Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS-CYNOCEPHALUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; THYROID-HORMONE; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; GROWTH-HORMONE; DETECTION DOGS; DIVERSE ARRAY; STRESS; PACIFIC AB Managing endangered species often involves evaluating the relative impacts of multiple anthropogenic and ecological pressures. This challenge is particularly formidable for cetaceans, which spend the majority of their time underwater. Noninvasive physiological approaches can be especially informative in this regard. We used a combination of fecal thyroid (T3) and glucocorticoid (GC) hormone measures to assess two threats influencing the endangered southern resident killer whales (SRKW; Orcinus orca) that frequent the inland waters of British Columbia, Canada and Washington, U. S. A. Glucocorticoids increase in response to nutritional and psychological stress, whereas thyroid hormone declines in response to nutritional stress but is unaffected by psychological stress. The inadequate prey hypothesis argues that the killer whales have become prey limited due to reductions of their dominant prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The vessel impact hypothesis argues that high numbers of vessels in close proximity to the whales cause disturbance via psychological stress and/or impaired foraging ability. The GC and T3 measures supported the inadequate prey hypothesis. In particular, GC concentrations were negatively correlated with short-term changes in prey availability. Whereas, T3 concentrations varied by date and year in a manner that corresponded with more long-term prey availability. Physiological correlations with prey overshadowed any impacts of vessels since GCs were lowest during the peak in vessel abundance, which also coincided with the peak in salmon availability. Our results suggest that identification and recovery of strategic salmon populations in the SRKW diet are important to effectively promote SRKW recovery. C1 [Ayres, Katherine L.; Booth, Rebecca K.; Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Ctr Conservat Biol, Despartment Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hempelmann, Jennifer A.; Emmons, Candice K.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Ford, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Koski, Kari L.] Whale Museum, Soundwatch Boater Educ Program, Friday Harbor, WA USA. [Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. RP Ayres, KL (reprint author), HT Harvey & Associates, Fresno, CA USA. EM kayres@harveyecology.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, Washington Sea Grant [NA10OAR417005]; Canadian Consulate General, Northwest Science Association; University of Washington Department of Biology; Center for Conservation Biology; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA FX This work has been funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, Washington Sea Grant No. NA10OAR417005, the Canadian Consulate General, Northwest Science Association, University of Washington Department of Biology, Lynn Riddiford and Jim Truman, Elizabeth Welch and the Center for Conservation Biology. M.J. Ford, M. B. Hanson, J. Hempelmann, and C. Emmons are employees of Northwest Fisheries Science Center. All authors were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. M. B. Hanson, J. Hempelmann, and C. Emmons were involved in data collection and analysis. K. L. Ayres, R. K. Booth are employees with the Center for Conservation Biology, a nonprofit directed by S. K. Wasser. K. L. Ayres and S. K. Wasser designed the study, applied for funding, collected data and did most of the analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript. R. K. Booth was involved in study design/methods and data analysis. The other funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Authors Michael J. Ford and M. Bradley Hanson were partially responsible for funding decisions from Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Washington SeaGrant is also administered by NOAA, however the NOAA employees that are authors on this paper were not directly involved with SeaGrant funding decisions. Funding from this agency was a major part of funding this research. Authors Katherine Ayres, Rebecca Booth and Samuel Wasser work for the Center for Conservation Biology, which also partially funded this work. Author Kari Koski is an employee for the Soundwatch Boater Education program that provided the vessel traffic data for this research. Soundwatch is a boater education program that often consults on vessel regulations decisions based on their monitoring research. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. NR 80 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 13 U2 126 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 6 AR e36842 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036842 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959WK UT WOS:000305348400007 PM 22701560 ER PT J AU Munoz, RC Zgliczynski, BJ Laughlin, JL Teer, BZ AF Munoz, Roldan C. Zgliczynski, Brian J. Laughlin, Joseph L. Teer, Bradford Z. TI Extraordinary Aggressive Behavior from the Giant Coral Reef Fish, Bolbometopon muricatum, in a Remote Marine Reserve SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; IMPACTS; KNOWLEDGE; HABITATS; SIZE AB Human impacts to terrestrial and marine communities are widespread and typically begin with the local extirpation of large-bodied animals. In the marine environment, few pristine areas relatively free of human impact remain to provide baselines of ecosystem function and goals for restoration efforts. Recent comparisons of remote and/or protected coral reefs versus impacted sites suggest remote systems are dominated by apex predators, yet in these systems the ecological role of nonpredatory, large-bodied, highly vulnerable species such as the giant bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) has received less attention. Overfishing of Bolbometopon has lead to precipitous declines in population density and avoidance of humans throughout its range, contributing to its status as a candidate species under the U. S. Endangered Species Act and limiting opportunities to study unexploited populations. Here we show that extraordinary ecological processes, such as violent headbutting contests by the world's largest parrotfish, can be revealed by studying unexploited ecosystems, such as the coral reefs of Wake Atoll where we studied an abundant population of Bolbometopon. Bolbometopon is among the largest of coral reef fishes and is a well known, charismatic species, yet to our knowledge, no scientific documentation of ritualized headbutting exists for marine fishes. Our observations of aggressive headbutting by Bolbometopon underscore that remote locations and marine reserves, by inhibiting negative responses to human observers and by allowing the persistence of historical conditions, can provide valuable opportunities to study ecosystems in their natural state, thereby facilitating the discovery, conservation, and interpretation of a range of sometimes remarkable behavioral and ecological processes. C1 [Munoz, Roldan C.; Teer, Bradford Z.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA. [Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Laughlin, Joseph L.] Mariculture Hawaii LLC, Ashland, OR USA. RP Munoz, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA. EM roldan.munoz@noaa.gov FU NOAA Proactive Species Conservation Program FX Support was provided by the NOAA Proactive Species Conservation Program to RCM and BJZ. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 6 AR e38120 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038120 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959WK UT WOS:000305348400036 PM 22701606 ER PT J AU Lintner, BR Biasutti, M Diffenbaugh, NS Lee, JE Niznik, MJ Findell, KL AF Lintner, Benjamin R. Biasutti, Michela Diffenbaugh, Noah S. Lee, Jung-Eun Niznik, Matthew J. Findell, Kirsten L. TI Amplification of wet and dry month occurrence over tropical land regions in response to global warming SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; SATELLITE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; MODELS; GPCP AB Quantifying how global warming impacts the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation represents a key scientific challenge with profound implications for human welfare. Utilizing monthly precipitation data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) climate change simulations, the results here show that the occurrence of very dry (<0.5 mm/day) and very wet (>10 mm/day) months comprises a straightforward, robust metric of anthropogenic warming on tropical land region rainfall. In particular, differencing tropics-wide precipitation frequency histograms for 25-year periods over the late 21st and 20th centuries shows increased late-21st-century occurrence of histogram extremes both in the model ensemble and across individual models. Mechanistically, such differences are consistent with the view of enhanced tropical precipitation spatial gradients. Similar diagnostics are calculated for two 15-year subperiods over 1979-2008 for the CMIP3 models and three observational precipitation products to assess whether the signature of late-21st-century warming has already emerged in response to recent warming. While both the observations and CMIP3 ensemble-mean hint at similar amplification in the warmer (1994-2008) subinterval, the changes are not robust, as substantial differences are evident among the observational products and the intraensemble spread is large. Comparing histograms computed from the warmest and coolest years of the observational period further demonstrates effects of internal variability, notably the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, which appear to oppose the impact of quasi-uniform anthropogenic warming on the wet tail of the monthly precipitation distribution. These results identify the increase of very dry and wet occurrences in monthly precipitation as a potential signature of anthropogenic global warming but also highlight the continuing dominance of internal climate variability on even bulk measures of tropical rainfall. C1 [Lintner, Benjamin R.; Niznik, Matthew J.] State Univ New Jersey, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Biasutti, Michela] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lee, Jung-Eun] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lintner, BR (reprint author), State Univ New Jersey, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM lintner@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Lee, Jung-Eun/F-8981-2012; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; Diffenbaugh, Noah/I-5920-2014; Biasutti, Michela/G-3804-2012; OI Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964; Biasutti, Michela/0000-0001-6681-1533; Niznik, Matthew/0000-0003-2904-3146 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF [AGS-1103209]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch [NJ07102]; DOE; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX B.R.L. and M.B. contributed equally to this work. We thank the British Atmospheric Data Centre for providing access to the CRU data and thank Anthony DeAngelis for useful comments on the text. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support for this data set is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Our work was supported by NSF AGS-1103209 and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch grant NJ07102. N.S.D. acknowledges support from DOE's program in Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change. J.-E.L. acknowledges that part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D11106 DI 10.1029/2012JD017499 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 957GF UT WOS:000305147200005 ER PT J AU Rowland, SM Striegel, AM AF Rowland, Steven M. Striegel, Andre M. TI Characterization of Copolymers and Blends by Quintuple-Detector Size-Exclusion Chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY; MULTIPLE DETECTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMER; MACROMOLECULES; DEGRADATION; INTERFACES; SEPARATION AB The properties imparted, oftentimes synergistically, by the different components of copolymers and blends account for the widespread use of these in a variety of industrial products. Most often, however, processing and end-use of these materials (especially copolymers) is optimized empirically, due to a lack of understanding of the physicochemical phase-space occupied by the macromolecules. Here, this shortcoming is addressed via a quintuple-detector size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method consisting of multiangle static light scattering (MALS), quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), differential viscometry (VISC), ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV), and differential refractometry (DRI) coupled online to the separation method. Applying the SEC/MALS/QELS/VISC/UV/DRI method to the study of a poly(acrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) copolymer in which both monomer finictionalities absorb in the same region of the UV spectrum, we demonstrate how to determine the chemical heterogeneity, molar mass averages and distribution, and solution conformation of the copolymer all in a single analysis. Additionally, through the various mutually independent conformational and architectural metrics provided by combining the five detectors, including the fractal dimension (derived from two different detector combinations), two different dimensionless size parameters, the chemical heterogeneity, and the persistence length, it is shown that the monomeric arrangement is more alternating than random at lower molar masses, thus causing the copolymer to adopt a more extended conformation in solution in this molar mass (M) regime. At high M, however, the copolymer is shown to be and to behave more like a random coil homopolymer, after passing through a 250 kg mol(-1)-broad region of intermediate chain flexibility. Thus, the combination of five detectors provides a unique means by which to determine absolute properties of the copolymer, solution-specific physical behavior, and the underlying chemical basis of the latter. The quintuple-detector method was also extended to the study of blends of polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) homopolymers to quantitate their molar mass, solution conformation, and chemical heterogeneity and to shed light on the breadth of the distributions of the component species. The method presented should be applicable to the study of copolymers and blends in which either one or both component moieties or polymers absorb in the UV region and can be implemented using not only SEC but other size-based separation methods as well. C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rowland, Steven M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 11 BP 4812 EP 4820 DI 10.1021/ac3003775 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 952HK UT WOS:000304783100026 PM 22591263 ER PT J AU Anton, SM Muller, C Birenbaum, JS O'Kelley, SR Fefferman, AD Golubev, DS Hilton, GC Cho, HM Irwin, KD Wellstood, FC Schon, G Shnirman, A Clarke, J AF Anton, S. M. Mueller, C. Birenbaum, J. S. O'Kelley, S. R. Fefferman, A. D. Golubev, D. S. Hilton, G. C. Cho, H. -M. Irwin, K. D. Wellstood, F. C. Schoen, Gerd Shnirman, A. Clarke, John TI Pure dephasing in flux qubits due to flux noise with spectral density scaling as 1/f(alpha) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; DEVICES; STATES AB For many types of superconducting qubits, magnetic flux noise is a source of pure dephasing. Measurements on a representative dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) over a range of temperatures show that S-Phi(f) = A(2)/(f/1 Hz)(alpha), where S-Phi is the flux noise spectral density, A is of the order of 1 mu Phi(0) Hz(-1/2), 0.61 <= alpha <= 0.95, and Phi(0) is the flux quantum. For a qubit with an energy level splitting linearly coupled to the applied flux, calculations of the dependence of the pure dephasing time tau(phi) of Ramsey and echo pulse sequences on alpha for fixed A show that tau(phi) decreases rapidly as alpha is reduced. We find that tau(phi) is relatively insensitive to the noise bandwidth, f(1) <= f <= f(2), for all alpha provided the ultraviolet cutoff frequency f(2) > 1/tau(phi). We calculate the ratio tau(phi,E)/tau(phi,R) of the echo (E) and Ramsey (R) sequences and the dependence of the decay function on alpha and f(2). We investigate the case in which S-Phi(f(0)) is fixed at the "pivot frequency" f(0) not equal 1 Hz while alpha is varied and find that the choice of f(0) can greatly influence the sensitivity of tau(phi,E) and tau(phi,R) to the value of alpha. Finally, we present calculated values of tau(phi) in a qubit corresponding to the values of A and alpha measured in our SQUID. C1 [Anton, S. M.; Birenbaum, J. S.; O'Kelley, S. R.; Fefferman, A. D.; Clarke, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mueller, C.; Shnirman, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Theorie Kondensierten Mat, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mueller, C.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Golubev, D. S.; Schoen, Gerd] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Hilton, G. C.; Cho, H. -M.; Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schoen, Gerd] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Anton, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schon, Gerd/A-3582-2008; Muller, Clemens/F-4812-2011; Golubev, Dmitry/M-3283-2014 OI Muller, Clemens/0000-0001-8015-3143; Golubev, Dmitry/0000-0002-0609-8921 FU CFN of the DFG; Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office FX This research was funded by the CFN of the DFG and by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 22 AR 224505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.224505 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 952QI UT WOS:000304806900002 ER PT J AU Anderson, BM Juzeliunas, G Galitski, VM Spielman, IB AF Anderson, Brandon M. Juzeliunas, Gediminas Galitski, Victor M. Spielman, I. B. TI Synthetic 3D Spin-Orbit Coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELDS AB We describe a method for creating a three-dimensional analogue to Rashba spin-orbit coupling in systems of ultracold atoms. This laser induced coupling uses Raman transitions to link four internal atomic states with a tetrahedral geometry, and gives rise to a Dirac point that is robust against environmental perturbations. We present an exact result showing that such a spin-orbit coupling in a fermionic system always gives rise to a molecular bound state. C1 [Anderson, Brandon M.; Galitski, Victor M.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Brandon M.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Juzeliunas, Gediminas] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Galitski, Victor M.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Anderson, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Anderson, Brandon/H-4196-2013 OI Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU MURI; DARPA OLE; EU; Lithuanian Research Council [MIP-082/2012]; US-ARO FX I. B. S. acknowledges the NSF through the PFC at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and the DARPA OLE Program. G. J. acknowledges support by the EU FP7 Project STREP NAMEQUAM and the Lithuanian Research Council Project No. MIP-082/2012. V. G. was supported by US-ARO. B. A. would like to thank M. Cheng and S. Takei for helpful conversations. NR 28 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 23 AR 235301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.235301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 952QB UT WOS:000304806100008 PM 23003967 ER PT J AU Bennett, LH Provenzano, V Shull, RD Levin, I Della Torre, E Jin, Y AF Bennett, L. H. Provenzano, V. Shull, R. D. Levin, I. Della Torre, E. Jin, Y. TI Ferri- to ferro-magnetic transition in the martensitic phase of a Heusler alloy SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Heusler alloys; First-order magneto-structural transformation; Ferri-to-ferromagnetic transition; Conventional and inverse magnetocaloric effects; Magnetic hysteresis ID NI-MN-GA; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ENTROPY CHANGE; REFRIGERATION; TRANSFORMATION; NI2MNGA; HOTIGE; SYSTEM AB During the past decade the magnetic properties of Heusler alloys have been extensively studied, motivated in part by the observation of large magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) displayed by these alloys near room temperature. We present new data and develop a consistent mechanism to explain the complex hysteretic behavior of a Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloy. The magnetization of this alloy is characterized by two critical temperatures. Below the lower critical temperature, the alloy is a ferrimagnetic martensite. Between the two critical temperatures, the alloy is a ferromagnetic martensite. Above the higher critical temperature, it is a paramagnetic austenite. The transitions at both critical temperatures are first order. The ferri-to-ferromagnetic transition and the crystallographic martensite-to-austenite transition explain the various facets observed in the M-ZFC and M-FC vs. T plots and their variations with increasing magnetic field. The model successfully explains the isothermal M vs. H loops near room temperature, whose behavior is strongly dependent on the initial magnetic state. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Provenzano, V.; Shull, R. D.; Levin, I.] NIST, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bennett, L. H.; Della Torre, E.; Jin, Y.] George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Provenzano, V (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM virgil.provenzano@nist.gov RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUN 5 PY 2012 VL 525 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.02.062 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 922UV UT WOS:000302574800007 ER PT J AU Bose, R Cai, T Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Bose, Ranojoy Cai, Tao Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI All-optical tuning of a quantum dot in a coupled cavity system SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCAVITY AB We demonstrate a method for tuning a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) onto resonance with a cavity mode all-optically using a system comprised of two evanescently coupled cavities containing a single QD. One resonance of the coupled cavity system is utilized to generate a cavity enhanced optical Stark shift, enabling the QD to be resonantly tuned to the other cavity mode. A twenty-seven fold increase in photon emission from the QD is measured when the off-resonant QD is Stark shifted onto the cavity mode resonance, which is attributed to radiative enhancement of the QD. A maximum tuning of 0.06 nm is achieved for the QD at an incident power of 88 mu W. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4719065] C1 [Bose, Ranojoy; Cai, Tao; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bose, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426 FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; ARO MURI [W911NF09104]; physics frontier center at the joint quantum institute; ONR applied electromagnetic center [N00014-09-1-1190]; NSF [ECCS-0846494] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from a DARPA Defense Science Office Grant (No. W31P4Q0910013), the ARO MURI on Hybrid quantum interactions Grant (No. W911NF09104), the physics frontier center at the joint quantum institute, and the ONR applied electromagnetic center N00014-09-1-1190. E. Waks would like to acknowledge support from an NSF CAREER award Grant (No. ECCS-0846494). NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 23 AR 231107 DI 10.1063/1.4719065 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 956LA UT WOS:000305089900007 ER PT J AU Fortier, TM Nelson, CW Hati, A Quinlan, F Taylor, J Jiang, H Chou, CW Rosenband, T Lemke, N Ludlow, A Howe, D Oates, CW Diddams, SA AF Fortier, T. M. Nelson, C. W. Hati, A. Quinlan, F. Taylor, J. Jiang, H. Chou, C. W. Rosenband, T. Lemke, N. Ludlow, A. Howe, D. Oates, C. W. Diddams, S. A. TI Sub-femtosecond absolute timing jitter with a 10 GHz hybrid photonic-microwave oscillator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; SIGNALS; LASER AB We present an optical-electronic approach to generating microwave signals with high spectral purity. By circumventing shot noise and operating near fundamental thermal limits, we demonstrate 10GHz signals with an absolute timing jitter for a single hybrid oscillator of 420 attoseconds (1Hz-5GHz). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4726122] C1 [Fortier, T. M.; Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Quinlan, F.; Taylor, J.; Jiang, H.; Chou, C. W.; Rosenband, T.; Lemke, N.; Ludlow, A.; Howe, D.; Oates, C. W.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI jiang, haifeng/F-1080-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 23 AR 231111 DI 10.1063/1.4726122 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 956LA UT WOS:000305089900011 ER PT J AU Malingowski, AC Stephens, PW Huq, A Huang, QZ Khalid, S Khalifah, PG AF Malingowski, Andrew C. Stephens, Peter W. Huq, Ashfia Huang, Qingzhen Khalid, Syed Khalifah, Peter G. TI Substitutional Mechanism of Ni into the Wide-Band-Gap Semiconductor InTaO4 and Its Implications for Water Splitting Activity in the Wolframite Structure Type SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; DOPED INTAO4; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; OXIDE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; TANTALATE; IFEFFIT; SERIES; O-2 AB The mechanism of Ni substitution into the oxide semiconductor InTaO4 has been studied through a combination of structural and spectroscopic techniques, providing insights into its previously reported photoactivity. Magnetic susceptibility and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) measurements demonstrate that nickel is divalent within the host lattice. The combined refinement of synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data indicates that the product of Ni doping has the stoichiometry of (In1-xNi2x/3Tax/3)TaO4 with a solubility limit of x approximate to 0.18, corresponding to 12% Ni on the In site. Single-phase samples were only obtained at synthesis temperatures of 1150 degrees C or higher due to the sluggish reaction mechanism that is hypothesized to result from small free energy differences between (In1-xNi2x/3Tax/3)TaO4 compounds with different x values. Undoped InTaO4 is shown to have an indirect band gap of 3.96 eV, with direct optical transitions becoming allowed at photon energies in excess of 5.1 eV. Very small band-gap reductions (less than 0.2 eV) result from Ni doping, and the origin of the yellow color of (In1-xNi2x/3Tax/3)TaO4 compounds instead results from a weak (3)A(2g) -> T-3(1g) internal d -> d transition not associated with the conduction or valence band that is common to oxide compounds with Ni2+ in an octahedral environment. C1 [Malingowski, Andrew C.; Khalifah, Peter G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stephens, Peter W.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Khalifah, Peter G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Khalid, Syed] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huq, Ashfia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, Qingzhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Khalifah, PG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM kpete@bnl.gov RI Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013 OI Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE under the BES Hydrogen Fuel Initiative; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was in part carried out at BNL under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We also gratefully acknowledge the U.S. DOE for funding under the BES Hydrogen Fuel Initiative. A portion of this Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank Saul Lapidus for his experimental assistance in utilizing beamline X16C. Diffuse reflectance data was collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Center for Functional Nanomaterials, which is supported by the Department of Energy under grant DE-AC02-98CH10886. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 4 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 11 BP 6096 EP 6103 DI 10.1021/ic202715c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 951NY UT WOS:000304728500015 PM 22530995 ER PT J AU Xue, YK Vasic, R Janjic, Z Liu, YM Chu, PC AF Xue, Yongkang Vasic, Ratko Janjic, Zavisa Liu, Y. M. Chu, Peter C. TI The impact of spring subsurface soil temperature anomaly in the western U.S. on North American summer precipitation: A case study using regional climate model downscaling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SNOW COVER; MONSOON; SIMULATIONS; MEMORY; NCEP; SENSITIVITY AB This study explores the impact of spring subsurface soil temperature (SUBT) anomaly in the western U. S. on North American summer precipitation, mainly southeastern U. S., and possible mechanisms using a regional climate Eta model and a general circulation model (GCM). The GCM produces the lateral boundary condition (LBC) for the Eta model. Two initial SUBT conditions (one cold and another warm) on May 1st were assigned for the GCM runs and the corresponding Eta runs. The results suggest that antecedent May 1st warm initial SUBT in the western U. S. contributes positive June precipitation over the southern U. S. and less precipitation to the north, consistent with the observed anomalies between a year with a warm spring and a year with a cold spring in the western U. S. The anomalous cyclone induced by the surface heating due to SUBT anomaly propagated eastward through Rossby waves in westerly mean flow. In addition, the steering flow also contributed to the dissipation of perturbation in the northeastern U. S. and its enhancement in southeastern U. S. However, these results were obtained only when the Eta model run was driven by the corresponding GCM run. When the same reanalysis data were applied for both (cold and warm initial SUBT) Eta runs' LBCs, the precipitation anomalies could not be properly produced, indicating the intimate dependence of the regional climate sensitivity downscaling on the imposed global climate forcing, especially when the impact was through wave propagation in the large-scale atmospheric flow. C1 [Xue, Yongkang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Xue, Yongkang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Vasic, Ratko; Janjic, Zavisa] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liu, Y. M.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chu, Peter C.] USN, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, 1255 Bunche Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu FU NOAA [NA05OAR4310010, NA07OAR4310226]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0751030] FX This research was supported by NOAA grants NA05OAR4310010 and NA07OAR4310226 and by U.S. National Science Foundation grant ATM-0751030. The NCAR super computer was used for the computation. The authors sincerely thank Lan Yi for her early work on this paper and Y. Zhu of NCEP for his help in applying the Breeding Method for the ensemble simulation. We also appreciate David Neelin of UCLA's very constructive and helpful discussions. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 2 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D11103 DI 10.1029/2012JD017692 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 952CG UT WOS:000304766700004 ER PT J AU De Leoz, MLA Tarlov, MJ AF De Leoz, Maria Lorna A. Tarlov, Michael J. TI Maria Lorna A De Leoz SO BIOANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [De Leoz, Maria Lorna A.; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [De Leoz, Maria Lorna A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP De Leoz, MLA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marialorna.deleoz@nist.gov; michael.tarlov@nist.gov OI De Leoz, Maria Lorna/0000-0001-9846-5524 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1757-6180 J9 BIOANALYSIS JI Bioanalysis PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1409 DI 10.4155/BIO.1296 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 073SY UT WOS:000313764000008 PM 22793024 ER PT J AU Holmes, EE Ward, EJ Wills, K AF Holmes, Elizabeth E. Ward, Eric J. Wills, Kellie TI MARSS: Multivariate Autoregressive State-space Models for Analyzing Time-series Data SO R JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; DYNAMIC FACTOR-ANALYSIS; COMMON TRENDS; POPULATIONS AB MARSS is a package for fitting multivariate autoregressive state-space models to time-series data. The MARSS package implements state-space models in a maximum likelihood framework. The core functionality of MARSS is based on likelihood maximization using the Kalman filter/smoother, combined with an EM algorithm. To make comparisons with other packages available, parameter estimation is also permitted via direct search routines available in 'optim'. The MARSS package allows data to contain missing values and allows a wide variety of model structures and constraints to be specified (such as fixed or shared parameters). In addition to model-fitting, the package provides bootstrap routines for simulating data and generating confidence intervals, and multiple options for calculating model selection criteria (such as AIC). C1 [Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wills, Kellie] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holmes, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eli.holmes@noaa.gov; eric.ward@noaa.gov; willsk@u.washington.edu NR 29 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 36 PU R FOUNDATION STATISTICAL COMPUTING PI WIEN PA WIRTSCHAFTSUNIVERSITAT, INST STATISTICS & MATHEMATICS, AUGASSE 2-6, WIEN, 1090, AUSTRIA SN 2073-4859 J9 R J JI R Journal PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 066CO UT WOS:000313197700003 ER PT J AU Kim, D Cho, S Butch, NP Syers, P Kirshenbaum, K Adam, S Paglione, J Fuhrer, MS AF Kim, Dohun Cho, Sungjae Butch, Nicholas P. Syers, Paul Kirshenbaum, Kevin Adam, Shaffique Paglione, Johnpierre Fuhrer, Michael S. TI Surface conduction of topological Dirac electrons in bulk insulating Bi2Se3 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE; TRANSPORT; BI2TE3; NANORIBBONS; TRANSISTOR; SCATTERING; FERMIONS; STATES; CONE AB The newly discovered three-dimensional strong topological insulators (STIs) exhibit topologically protected Dirac surface states(1,2). Although the STI surface state has been studied spectroscopically, for example, by photoemission(3-5) and scanned probes(6-10), transport experiments(11-17) have failed to demonstrate the most fundamental signature of the STI: ambipolar metallic electronic transport in the topological surface of an insulating bulk. Here we show that the surfaces of thin (similar to 10 nm), low-doped Bi2Se3 (approximate to 10(17) cm(-3)) crystals are strongly electrostatically coupled, and a gate electrode can completely remove bulk charge carriers and bring both surfaces through the Dirac point simultaneously. We observe clear surface band conduction with a linear Hall resistivity and a well-defined ambipolar field effect, as well as a charge-inhomogeneous minimum conductivity region(18-20). A theory of charge disorder in a Dirac band(19-21) explains well both the magnitude and the variation with disorder strength of the minimum conductivity (2 to 5 e(2)/h per surface) and the residual (puddle) carrier density (0.4 x 10(12) to 4 x 10(12) cm(-2)). From the measured carrier mobilities 320-1,500 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), the charged impurity densities 0.5 x 10(13) to 2.3 x 10(13) cm(-2) are inferred. They are of a similar magnitude to the measured doping levels at zero gate voltage (1 x 10(13) to 3 x 10(13) cm(-2)), identifying dopants as the charged impurities. C1 [Kim, Dohun; Cho, Sungjae; Butch, Nicholas P.; Syers, Paul; Kirshenbaum, Kevin; Paglione, Johnpierre; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adam, Shaffique] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fuhrer, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mfuhrer@umd.edu RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010; Cho, Sungjae/D-3184-2014; OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773; Kim, Dohun/0000-0001-9687-2089 FU Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; NSF MRSEC [DMR-0520471]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) MTO [N66001-09-c-2067]; Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials FX The study of electronic transport in novel materials during electrochemical modification is supported as part of the Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0001160. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-1105224. Preparation of Bi2Se3 was supported by NSF MRSEC (DMR-0520471) and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) MTO award (N66001-09-c-2067). N.P.B. was partially supported by the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials. The authors acknowledge useful conversations with S. Das Sarma, E. Hwang and D. Culcer. NR 30 TC 186 Z9 186 U1 9 U2 168 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.1038/NPHYS2286 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 950RW UT WOS:000304667500011 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Dalton, M AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Dalton, Mike TI Risk Measures for Natural Resource Management: Description, Simulation Testing, and R Code With Fisheries Examples SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fisheries; natural resource management; risk assessment; variability ID CONDITIONAL VALUE; CONSERVATION; SYSTEMS AB Traditional measures that quantify variation in natural resource systems include both upside and downside deviations as contributing to variability, such as standard deviation or the coefficient of variation. Here we introduce three risk measures from investment theory, which quantify variability in natural resource systems by analyzing either upside or downside outcomes and typical or extreme outcomes separately: semideviation, conditional value-at-risk, and probability of ruin. Risk measures can be custom tailored to frame variability as a performance measure in terms directly meaningful to specific management objectives, such as presenting risk as harvest expected in an extreme bad year, or by characterizing risk as the probability of fishery escapement falling below a prescribed threshold. In this paper, we present formulae, empirical examples from commercial fisheries, and R code to calculate three risk measures. In addition, we evaluated risk measure performance with simulated data, and we found that risk measures can provide unbiased estimates at small sample sizes. By decomposing complex variability into quantitative metrics, we envision risk measures to be useful across a range of wildlife management scenarios, including policy decision analyses, comparative analyses across systems, and tracking the state of natural resource systems through time. C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Dalton, Mike] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM suresh_sethi@fws.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Region 7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation FX We thank the Alaska Fisheries Science Center and the Region 7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for support during this work. We thank three anonymous reviewers and the JFWM Subject Editors for their thoughtful comments, which improved this manuscript. S. A. S. was partially supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship during this work. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.3996/122011-JFWM-072 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044NF UT WOS:000311625900013 ER PT J AU Trivelpiece, CL Petrunis, JJ Pantano, CG Downing, RG AF Trivelpiece, Cory L. Petrunis, John J. Pantano, Carlo G. Downing, R. Gregory TI Glass Surface Layer Density by Neutron Depth Profiling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED GLASS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIO2 AB Several lithium-disilicate (Li2O center dot 2SiO(2)) glass samples were synthesized, polished and subjected to static leach tests for varying periods of time in an HCl solution (pH 4) at 90 degrees C. The presence of an alteration layer on the leached specimens was independently confirmed using infrared spectroscopy. These samples were then analyzed with neutron depth profiling (NDP), and for all exposure times between 1 and 20 h, a leached layer was detected by NDP. The residual concentration of Li-6 in the alteration layer was observed to be approximately 10% of the bulk glass value. The 7.5 h and 17.5 h samples were cross-sectioned using focused ion beam milling, and the thickness of the alteration layer on the samples was measured directly using scanning electron microscopy to be 9.8 and 22.9 mu m, respectively. The areal density of the gel layers - determined by deconvolution of the NDP spectra - was coupled with the SEM measurement to give densities of 1.46 +/- 0.08 g/cm(3) for the 7.5 h specimen and 1.46 +/- 0.05 g/cm(3) for the 17.5 h specimen. This preliminary work shows that NDP can be used to determine the average density of gel layers formed owing to leaching of alkali-silicate glass. C1 [Trivelpiece, Cory L.; Petrunis, John J.; Pantano, Carlo G.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Downing, R. Gregory] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Trivelpiece, CL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM clt158@psu.edu FU DOE-NEUP Program [SRCN 00101956] FX This work was supported by the DOE-NEUP Program (SRCN 00101956). The authors also acknowledge Trevor Clark and the Materials Characterization Lab at the Pennsylvania State University for help with FIB and FTIR. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2041-1286 J9 INT J APPL GLASS SCI JI Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 SI SI BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.2041-1294.2012.00088.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 034CZ UT WOS:000310849000004 ER PT J AU Gavrilov, AN McCauley, RD Gedamke, J AF Gavrilov, Alexander N. McCauley, Robert D. Gedamke, Jason TI Steady inter and intra-annual decrease in the vocalization frequency of Antarctic blue whales SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; PROPAGATION AB Time averaged narrow-band noise near 27 Hz produced by vocalizations of many distant Antarctic blue whales intensifies seasonally from early February to late October in the ocean off Australia's South West. Spectral characteristics of long term patterns in this noise band were analyzed using ambient noise data collected at the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty hydroacoustic station off Cape Leeuwin, Western Australia over 2002-2010. Within 7 day averaged noise spectra derived from 4096-point FFT (similar to 0.06 Hz frequency resolution), the -3-dB width of the spectral peak from the upper tone of Antarctic blue whale vocalization was about 0.5 Hz. The spectral frequency peak of this tonal call was regularly but not gradually decreasing over the 9 years of observation from similar to 27.7 Hz in 2002 to similar to 26.6 Hz in 2010. The average frequency peak steadily decreased at a greater rate within a season at 0.4-0.5 Hz/season but then in the next year recovered to approximately the mean value of the previous season. A regression analysis showed that the interannual decrease rate of the peak frequency of the upper tonal call was 0.135 +/- 0.003 Hz/year over 2002-2010 (R-2 approximate to 0.99). Possible causes of such a decline in the whale vocalization frequency are considered. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4707425] C1 [Gavrilov, Alexander N.; McCauley, Robert D.] Curtin Univ Technol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Fisheries Ocean Acoust Program, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gavrilov, AN (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM a.gavrilov@cmst.curtin.edu.au RI Gavrilov, Alexander/B-2812-2013 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 19 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 131 IS 6 BP 4476 EP 4480 DI 10.1121/1.4707425 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 010ZQ UT WOS:000309133500037 PM 22712920 ER PT J AU Gergel-Hackett, N Tedesco, JL Richter, CA AF Gergel-Hackett, Nadine Tedesco, Joseph L. Richter, Curt A. TI Memristors With Flexible Electronic Applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Flexible electronics; flexible memory; memristor; resistive memory ID ORGANIC NONVOLATILE MEMORIES; RESISTIVE SWITCHING MEMORY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; RESISTANCE-CHANGE MEMORY; PHASE-SEPARATED BLENDS; OXIDE THIN-FILMS; GRAPHENE OXIDE; DEVICES; BISTABILITY; SUBSTRATE AB In addition to the potential for memristors to be used in logic, memory, smart interconnects, and biologically inspired architectures that could transform traditional silicon-based computing, memristors may enable such transformative technologies on physically flexible substrates. The simple structure of a memristor, which generally consists of a thin film of oxide sandwiched between two metal contacts, contributes to its compatibility with existing and future large area flexible electronics. This is especially true considering that recent work has demonstrated the ability for titanium dioxide-based memristors to be deposited from solution at room temperature by using a sol gel technique on a flexible polymer substrate. The integration of memristors with traditional flexible devices (such as thin-film organic, zinc oxide, or amorphous-Si transistors) may enable the realization of a new paradigm in computing technology through lightweight, inexpensive, flexible electronics. C1 [Gergel-Hackett, Nadine] Mary Baldwin Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Staunton, VA 24401 USA. [Tedesco, Joseph L.; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gergel-Hackett, N (reprint author), Mary Baldwin Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Staunton, VA 24401 USA. EM nghackett@mbc.edu; joseph.tedesco@nist.gov; curt.richter@NIST.gov NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 108 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2012 VL 100 IS 6 SI SI BP 1971 EP 1978 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2158284 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 020UR UT WOS:000309840600007 ER PT J AU Cheggour, N Nijhuis, A Krooshoop, HJG Lu, XF Splett, J Stauffer, TC Goodrich, LF Jewell, MC Devred, A Nabara, Y AF Cheggour, N. Nijhuis, A. Krooshoop, H. J. G. Lu, X. F. Splett, J. Stauffer, T. C. Goodrich, L. F. Jewell, M. C. Devred, A. Nabara, Y. TI Strain and Magnetic-Field Characterization of a Bronze-Route Nb3Sn ITER Wire: Benchmarking of Strain Measurement Facilities at NIST and University of Twente SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Magnet Technology (MT) CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL ITER Org, Marseille, FRANCE SP PACA Reg, CEA, IEEE CSC, Iberdrola Ingenieria & Construcc, SAU, Oxford Superconducting Technol, R KIND, Super Power Inc, Western Superconducting Technol Co Ltd HO ITER Org DE Benchmarking; ITER; niobium-tin; strain ID AXIAL STRAIN; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; DEVICE AB A benchmarking experiment was conducted to compare strain measurement facilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Twente. The critical current of a bronze-route Nb3Sn wire, which was fabricated for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), was measured as a function of axial strain and magnetic field in liquid helium at both institutes. NIST used a Walters' spring strain device and University of Twente used a bending beam ("Pacman") apparatus. The ITER bronze-route wire investigated had a very high irreversible strain limit that allowed comparing data over a wide range of applied strain between -1% and +1%. Similarities of the data obtained by use of the two apparatuses were remarkable, despite the many differences in their design and techniques. C1 [Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.; Splett, J.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nijhuis, A.; Krooshoop, H. J. G.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Jewell, M. C.; Devred, A.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Nabara, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cheggour@boulder.nist.gov; A.Nijhuis@utwente.nl RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 AR 4805104 DI 10.1109/TASC.2011.2177433 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 986SK UT WOS:000307364700280 ER PT J AU Chen, J Yang, Z Samei, E Christianson, O Dima, A Filliben, J Peskin, A Saiprasad, G Siegel, E AF Chen, J. Yang, Z. Samei, E. Christianson, O. Dima, A. Filliben, J. Peskin, A. Saiprasad, G. Siegel, E. TI Evaluating the Impact of Iterative Reconstruction for Three Major CT Vendors SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012 CL Charlotte, NC SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM) C1 [Chen, J.; Yang, Z.; Siegel, E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Samei, E.; Christianson, O.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Dima, A.; Filliben, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peskin, A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Saiprasad, G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 6 BP 3605 EP 3606 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 007RM UT WOS:000308905804041 ER PT J AU Chen-Mayer, H Tosh, R Bateman, F Zimmerman, B AF Chen-Mayer, H. Tosh, R. Bateman, F. Zimmerman, B. TI Measurement of CT Dose to An HDPE Phantom Using Calorimetry: A Feasibility Study SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012 CL Charlotte, NC SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM) C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.; Tosh, R.; Bateman, F.; Zimmerman, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 6 BP 3635 EP 3635 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 007RM UT WOS:000308905804161 ER PT J AU Tosh, R Bateman, F Chen-Mayer, H Malyarenko, E AF Tosh, R. Bateman, F. Chen-Mayer, H. Malyarenko, E. TI Ultrasonic Imaging of Dose to Water From a 1.5 MeV Electron Beam SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012 CL Charlotte, NC SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM) C1 [Tosh, R.; Bateman, F.; Chen-Mayer, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Malyarenko, E.] Tessonics Corp, Birminingham, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 6 BP 3887 EP 3887 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 007RM UT WOS:000308905805328 ER PT J AU Tosh, R Bateman, F Chen-Mayer, H AF Tosh, R. Bateman, F. Chen-Mayer, H. TI Water Calorimetry of High-Energy Electron Beams at Room Temperature Under Steady State Conditions SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012 CL Charlotte, NC SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM) C1 [Tosh, R.; Bateman, F.; Chen-Mayer, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 6 BP 4010 EP 4010 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 007RM UT WOS:000308905805814 ER PT J AU Chen-Mayer, H Levine, Z Judy, P AF Chen-Mayer, H. Levine, Z. Judy, P. TI Progress in Developing a Standard Reference Material for Lung CT SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012 CL Charlotte, NC SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM) C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.; Levine, Z.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Judy, P.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 6 BP 4015 EP 4015 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 007RM UT WOS:000308905805834 ER PT J AU Dengler, L Araya, S Graehl, N Luna, F Nicolini, T AF Dengler, Lori Araya, Sebastian Graehl, Nicholas Luna, Francisco Nicolini, Troy TI Factors that Exacerbated or Reduced Impacts of the 27 February 2010 Chile Tsunami SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake produced a significant tsunami that caused damage along over 600 kilometers of the Chilean coast. At least 124 of the confirmed 525 deaths were attributed to the tsunami. We examine factors that influenced losses from the tsunami. Chile's Servicio Hidrografico y Oceanografico de la Armada (SHOA) issued a tsunami warning about 11 minutes after the earthquake that was canceled shortly afterwards. Few coastal residents heard the warning or the cancelation due to widespread power outages, and the official warning had little impact on survival. Interviews with coastal residents showed a high level of awareness of natural tsunami warning signs. Coastal residents cited the importance of school and government education programs, tsunami evacuation drills, signs, the media, and informed local officials in their decision to evacuate. There were two notable failures: the vulnerability of transient populations and people in areas with no access to high ground. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000033] C1 [Dengler, Lori; Graehl, Nicholas] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Araya, Sebastian] Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Nicolini, Troy] NOAA NWS Eureka Forecast Off, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. RP Dengler, L (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. FU Humboldt State University Sponsored Program Foundation; Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Learning from Earthquakes Program FX Financial support was provided by private donations to the Humboldt State University Sponsored Program Foundation. The Humboldt State University reconnaissance team operated under the UNESCO/IOC protocols for International Tsunami Survey Teams and with the support of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Learning from Earthquakes Program. We thank Laura Kong (ITIC), Ricardo Norambuena (UNESCO), and Marco Cisternas (Escuela Ciencias del Mar, PUCV) for assistance with logistics and for sharing their insights with us. We thank Brian Atwater (USGS) and Sergio Barrientos for their extensive knowledge and background information. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 SI 1 BP S199 EP S213 DI 10.1193/1.4000033 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 002XT UT WOS:000308573000012 ER PT J AU Wallace, JW Massone, LM Bonelli, P Dragovich, J Lagos, R Luders, C Moehle, J AF Wallace, John W. Massone, Leonardo M. Bonelli, Patricio Dragovich, Jeff Lagos, Rene Lueders, Carl Moehle, Jack TI Damage and Implications for Seismic Design of RC Structural Wall Buildings SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB In 1996, Chile adopted NCh433.Of96, which includes seismic design approaches similar to those used in ASCE 7-10 (2010) and a concrete code based on ACI 318-95 (1995). Since reinforced concrete buildings are the predominant form of construction in Chile for buildings over four stories, the 27 February 2010 earthquake provides an excellent opportunity to assess the performance of reinforced concrete buildings designed using modern codes similar to those used in the United States. A description of observed damage is provided and correlated with a number of factors, including relatively high levels of wall axial load, the lack of well-detailed wall boundaries, and the common usage of flanged walls. Based on a detailed assessment of these issues, potential updates to U.S. codes and recommendations are suggested related to design and detailing of special reinforced concrete shear walls. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000047] C1 [Wallace, John W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Massone, Leonardo M.] Univ Chile, Dept Civil Engn, Santiago, Chile. [Bonelli, Patricio] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Obras Civiles, Valparaiso, Chile. [Dragovich, Jeff] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lagos, Rene] Rene Lagos & Asociados, Santiago, Chile. [Lueders, Carl] Catholic Univ Chile, Dept Civil & Geotech Engn, Santiago, Chile. [Moehle, Jack] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wallace, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Massone, Leonardo/I-2175-2013 OI Massone, Leonardo/0000-0002-1523-4390 FU EERI Learning From Earthquakes program [NSF CMMI-0758529]; NEEScomm [NSF CMMI-0927178] FX Travel funds were provided by the EERI Learning From Earthquakes program (NSF CMMI-0758529) and by NEEScomm (NSF CMMI-0927178). Opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations in this paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the sponsor or others mentioned. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 SI 1 BP S281 EP S299 DI 10.1193/1.4000047 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 002XT UT WOS:000308573000016 ER PT J AU Qi, JG Bobushev, TS Kulmatov, R Groisman, P Gutman, G AF Qi, Jiaguo Bobushev, Temirbek S. Kulmatov, Rashid Groisman, Pavel Gutman, Garik TI Addressing global change challenges for Central Asian socio-ecosystems SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Central Asia; climate change; land use and land cover change; water and food security ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARAL SEA; WATER-RESOURCES; POPULATION; DISASTER; IMPACTS; GROWTH; BASIN AB Central Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions on the planet earth to global climate change, depending on very fragile natural resources. The Soviet legacy has left the five countries (Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) with a highly integrated system but they are facing great challenges with tensions that hinder regional coordination of food and water resources. With increasing climate variability and warming trend in the region, food and water security issues become even more crucial now and, if not addressed properly, could affect the regional stability. The long-term drivers of these two most critical elements, food and water, are climate change; the immediate and probably more drastic factors affecting the food and water security are land uses driven by institutional change and economic incentives. As a feedback, changes in land use and land cover have directly implications on water uses, food production, and lifestyles of the rural community in the region. Regional and international efforts have been made to holistically understand the cause, extent, rate and societal implications of land use changes in the region. Much of these have been understood, or under investigation by various projects, but solutions or research effort to develop solutions, to these urgent regional issues are lacking. This article, serves as an introduction to the special issue, provides a brief overview of the challenges facing the Central Asian countries and various international efforts in place that resulted in the publications of this special issue. C1 [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Bobushev, Temirbek S.] Amer Univ Cent Asia, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan. [Kulmatov, Rashid] Natl Univ Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100027, Uzbekistan. [Groisman, Pavel] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Gutman, Garik] NASA, Land Use & Land Cover Change Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Qi, JG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM qi@msu.edu FU NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program [NNX08AH50G]; MAIRS Program of Chinese Academy of Science FX This work was partially supported by NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (No. NNX08AH50G) and the MAIRS Program of Chinese Academy of Science. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s11707-012-0320-4 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 002TB UT WOS:000308557100001 ER PT J AU Perry, A Martin, MA Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA AF Perry, A. Martin, M. A. Nibler, J. W. Maki, A. Weber, A. Blake, T. A. TI Coriolis analysis of several high-resolution infrared bands of bicyclo[111]pentane-d(0) and -d(1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Bicyclopentane; High-resolution infrared spectrum; Rovibrational constants; Coriolis interactions; Ground state structure; DFT calculations; Anharmonic frequencies ID SYMMETRIC-TOP MOLECULES; GROUND STATE; SPECTROSCOPY AB High-resolution infrared absorption spectra have been analyzed for two bicyclo[111]pentane isotopologues, C5H8 (-d(0)) and C5H7D (-d(1)), where in the latter the D-atom replaces a hydrogen on the C-3 symmetry axis such that the molecular symmetry is reduced from D-3h to C-3v. Two (a"(2)) parallel bands, nu(17) and nu(18), of bicyclopentane-d(0) were studied and the former was found to be profoundly affected by Coriolis coupling with the nearby.(e') perpendicular band, nu(11). Weaker coupling was observed between the nu(18) band and the nearby nu(13)(e') band, for which fewer transitions could be assigned. For bicyclopentane-d(1), the nu(5) parallel band was also studied along with the nearby nu(13)(e') band to which it is coupled through a similar type of Coriolis resonance. For both isotopologues, quantum calculations (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ) done at the anharmonic level were very helpful in unraveling the complexities caused by the Coriolis interactions, provided that care is taken in identifying the effect of any Coriolis resonances on the theoretical values of alpha(B) and q rovibrational parameters. The ground state B-0 constants were found to be 0.2399412(2) and 0.2267506(11) cm(-1) for the -d(0) and -d(1) isotopologues. The difference yields an R-5 substitution value of 2.0309(2) angstrom for the position of the axial H atom relative to the -d(0) center of mass, a result in good accord with a corresponding R-a value of 2.044(6) angstrom from electron diffraction data. For both isotopologues, the theoretical results from the quantum calculations are in good agreement with all corresponding values determined from the spectra. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Perry, A.; Martin, M. A.; Nibler, J. W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. [Weber, A.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blake, T. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. EM niblerj@orst.edu FU Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX J. Nibler acknowledges the support of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation in the form of a Senior Scientist Mentor Award. The research described here was performed, in part, in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. We thank Robert Sams of PNNL for advice and assistance in recording the infrared spectra of bicyclopentane in this facility and Gaussian. Inc. for helpful responses to several queries about the use of Gaussian 09 for anharmonic calculations. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN-JUL PY 2012 VL 276 BP 22 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2012.06.008 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 990DX UT WOS:000307612300006 ER PT J AU Loh, HQ Stutz, RP Yahn, TS Looser, H Field, RW Cornell, EA AF Loh, Huanqian Stutz, Russell P. Yahn, Tyler S. Looser, Herbert Field, Robert W. Cornell, Eric A. TI REMPI spectroscopy of HfF SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Hafnium fluoride; Resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization; Rotational line strength; Isotope shift ID RESOLUTION AB The spectrum of electronic states at 30 000-33 000 cm(-1) in hafnium fluoride has been studied using (1 + 1) resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) and (1 + 1') REMPI. Six Omega' = 3/2 and ten Pi(1/2) vibronic bands have been characterized. We report the molecular constants for these bands and estimate the electronic energies of the excited states using a correction derived from the observed isotope shifts. When either of two closely spaced Pi(1/2) electronic states is used as an intermediate state to access autoionizing Rydberg levels, qualitatively distinct autoionization spectra are observed. The intermediate state-specificity of the autoionization spectra bodes well for the possibility of using a selected Pi(1/2) state as an intermediate state to create ionic HfF+ in various selected quantum states, an important requirement for our electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) search in HfF+. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Loh, Huanqian; Stutz, Russell P.; Yahn, Tyler S.; Cornell, Eric A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Loh, Huanqian; Stutz, Russell P.; Yahn, Tyler S.; Looser, Herbert; Cornell, Eric A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Field, Robert W.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Loh, HQ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM loh@jilau1.colorado.edu; cornell@jila.colorado.edu OI Loh, Huanqian/0000-0002-7325-0815 FU National Science Foundation; Marsico Research Chair; NSF [1058709]; A*STAR (Singapore) FX We thank Chris Greene, Jia Wang and Matt Grau for helpful discussions. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation and the Marsico Research Chair. R.W. Field acknowledges support from NSF Grant No. 1058709. H. Loh acknowledges support from A*STAR (Singapore). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN-JUL PY 2012 VL 276 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2012.06.014 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 990DX UT WOS:000307612300008 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ AF Kasianowicz, John J. TI Bio-inspired nanopore-based sensors Comment on "Nanopores: A journey towards DNA sequencing" by M. Wanunu SO PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Protein ion channel; Nanopore; Nanopore-based sensing; DNA sequencing ID MOLECULE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION-CHANNEL; DYNAMICS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, CMOS Reliabil & Adv Devices Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, CMOS Reliabil & Adv Devices Grp, Bldg 225,Room B326, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0645 J9 PHYS LIFE REV JI Phys. Life Rev. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 170 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.plrev.2012.05.012 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 983PK UT WOS:000307131000006 PM 22626932 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Kittinger, JN Lawrence, AL Yoshinaga, C Born, VR Fox, A AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Kittinger, John N. Lawrence, Amanda L. Yoshinaga, Chad Born, V. Ray Fox, Adam TI Hawksbill Sea Turtles in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS; DECLINE; STATES; REEFS AB This study reports observations of Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, a remote and protected expanse of coral atolls considered outside the species range. Since no direct monitoring efforts exist, we synthesized records from historical accounts, opportunistic sightings, and internet crowdsourcing. We found 6 definitive hawksbill observations and 3 additional potential nesting records, documenting that hawksbills currently reside in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and suggesting that they occurred there in greater numbers historically. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Lawrence, Amanda L.; Yoshinaga, Chad] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kittinger, John N.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Born, V. Ray] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Fox, Adam] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU PIFSC FX S. Pimm, T. Jones, J. Seminoff, K. Maison, I. Kelly; W. Seitz, F. Parrish, C. King, S. Hargrove, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. S. Loarie and K. Ueda direct the iNaturalist web database and advised development of the crowdsourcing project. A. Lawrence was supported through a fellowship with the PIFSC Summer Internship Program. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 29 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 975HF UT WOS:000306500600014 ER PT J AU Lanci, AKJ Roden, SE Bowman, A LaCasella, EL Frey, A Dutton, PH AF Lanci, Amy K. J. Roden, Suzanne E. Bowman, Amanda LaCasella, Erin L. Frey, Amy Dutton, Peter H. TI Evaluating Buccal and Cloacal Swabs for Ease of Collection and Use in Genetic Analyses of Marine Turtles SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBTAINING BLOOD; REPTILES; DNA AB Buccal and cloacal swabs have been used for genetic sampling for a variety of reptiles but not for marine turtles to date. We evaluated whether this method offers a simple and quick way to sample cells from live marine turtles in the wild when it is not feasible to obtain blood or skin. Good-quality DNA was obtained for genetic analyses from both buccal and cloacal swabs. Although we recommend blood and skin sampling whenever possible to collect the highest quality DNA, buccal and cloacal swabs do represent a useful alternative for genetic sampling when these preferred methods are not feasible. C1 [Lanci, Amy K. J.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Roden, Suzanne E.; Bowman, Amanda; LaCasella, Erin L.; Frey, Amy; Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Lanci, AKJ (reprint author), Ocean Associates Inc, 4007 N Abingdon St, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. EM amy.lanci@noaa.gov FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service FX This work was funded by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. All samples were collected under NMFS Research Permit #1591. We thank the Marine Turtle Ecology and Assessment, Marine Turtle Genetics and Marine Mammal Genetics Groups for their editorial support. In particular we thank J. Seminoff, T. Eguchi, R. LeRoux, and G. Lemons for assistance with obtaining buccal swabs and critical work with turtle capture efforts in San Diego Bay. We thank G. Serra-Valente for sample identification and M. Jensen, K. Robertson, B. Hancock-Hanser, and K. Stewart for editorial input. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 144 EP 148 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 975HF UT WOS:000306500600020 ER PT J AU Klymak, JM Legg, S Alford, MH Buijsman, M Pinkel, R Nash, JD AF Klymak, Jody M. Legg, Sonya Alford, Matthew H. Buijsman, Maarten Pinkel, Robert Nash, Jonathan D. TI The Direct Breaking of Internal Waves at Steep Topography SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; TIDAL CONVERSION; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; HAWAIIAN RIDGE; KAENA RIDGE; ENERGY; TIDES; TURBULENCE; FLOW AB Internal waves are often observed to break close to the seafloor topography that generates them, or from which they scatter. This breaking is often spectacular, with turbulent structures observed hundreds of meters above the seafloor, and driving turbulence dissipations and mixing up to 10,000 times open-ocean levels. This article provides an overview of efforts to observe and understand this turbulence, and to parameterize it near steep "supercritical" topography (i.e., topography that is steeper than internal wave energy characteristics). Using numerical models, we demonstrate that arrested lee waves are an important turbulence-producing phenomenon. Analogous to hydraulic jumps in water flowing over an obstacle in a stream, these waves are formed and then break during each tidal cycle. Similar lee waves are also observed in the atmosphere and in shallow fjords, but in those cases, their wavelengths are of similar scale to the topography, whereas in the ocean, they are small compared to the water depth and obstacle size. The simulations indicate that these nonlinear lee waves propagate against the generating flow (usually the tide) and are arrested because they have the same phase speed as the oncoming flow. This characteristic allows estimation of their size a priori and, using a linear model of internal tide generation, computation of how much energy they trap and turn into turbulence. This approach yields an accurate parameterization of mixing in numerical models, and these models are being used to guide a new generation of observations. C1 [Klymak, Jody M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Legg, Sonya; Buijsman, Maarten] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pinkel, Robert] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nash, Jonathan D.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Klymak, JM (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM jklymak@uvic.ca RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010; Klymak, Jody/A-3041-2008 OI Klymak, Jody/0000-0003-4612-8600 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0376, N00014-08-1-1039, N00014-09-1-021, N00014-09-1-0273, N00014-09-1-0281, N00014-10-1-0701, N00014-09-1-0274]; NSF [OCE-0350543, OCE-0350647] FX The observations presented here were part of the Hawaiian Ocean Mixing Experiment (NSF), the Oregon Continental Slope Experiment (NSF), and the Internal Waves in Straits Experiment (ONR). The modeling and parameterization were supported by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-08-1-0376 and N00014-08-1-1039. Oregon slope observations were supported by NSF grants OCE-0350543 and OCE-0350647. Luzon Strait observations were supported by the Office of Naval Research under grants N00014-09-1-021, N00014-09-1-0273, N00014-09-1-0281, N00014-10-1-0701, and N00014-09-1-0274. We thank Eric Kunze, Chris Garrett, Jennifer MacKinnon, and Sam Kelly for many helpful discussions. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 150 EP 159 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970WD UT WOS:000306162100018 ER PT J AU Pinkel, R Buijsman, M Klymak, JM AF Pinkel, Robert Buijsman, Maarten Klymak, Jody M. TI Breaking Topographic Lee Waves in a Tidal Channel in Luzon Strait SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID KAENA RIDGE; HAWAII; OCEAN AB Barotropic tides generate energetic internal tides, smaller-scale waves, and turbulence as they flow through Luzon Strait, between Taiwan and the Philippines. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of this process suggest that small-scale lee waves will form and break preferentially in "outflow channels," trough-like depressions that descend the strait's flanks. In the simulations, these sites are the locations of the most intense dissipation in the eastern strait. To investigate this numerical prediction, an 11-day cruise on R/V Roger Revelle was devoted to exploring an outflow channel on the eastern slope of the strait, north of Batan Island. Using a rapidly profiling conductivity-temperature-depth sensor and shipboard Doppler sonars, observations of velocity and density fields were made at four sites in the channel. At Site III, approximately 4 km offshore the crest, the generated lee wave was found to occupy much of the water column. It expanded upward from the seafloor as an irregular disturbance with a dominant vertical scale of 250 m. Sea-surface horizontal currents exceeded 1.5 m s(-1) and were sufficient to cause surface waves to break at 1,300 m above the local topography. Widespread internal wave breaking appeared initially at the seafloor and spread to much of the water column during the outflow phase of the tide. Breaking was also seen to a lesser extent on the inflow phase, as Pacific waters were advected westward toward the crest. The average dissipation rate at Site III, 8 W m(-2), exceeds typical wind energy input rates by four orders of magnitude. C1 [Pinkel, Robert] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Buijsman, Maarten] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Klymak, Jody M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Pinkel, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rpinkel@ucsd.edu RI Klymak, Jody/A-3041-2008 OI Klymak, Jody/0000-0003-4612-8600 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank Mike Goldin, Tony Aja, Mai Bui, and Tyler Hughen for creation and operation of the instruments used. The captain and crew of R/V Revelle handled the vessel with great skill during the strong currents and crosswinds that characterized much of the experiment. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970WD UT WOS:000306162100019 ER PT J AU Bernard, E AF Bernard, Eddie TI Tsunamis: Are We Underestimating the Risk? SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bernard, E (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 208 EP 218 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2012.60 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970WD UT WOS:000306162100024 ER PT J AU Martin, J AF Martin, Joshua TI Apparatus for the high temperature measurement of the Seebeck coefficient in thermoelectric materials SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THERMOPOWER MEASUREMENTS; GASEOUS HELIUM; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DISCREPANCY; NITROGEN AB The Seebeck coefficient is a physical parameter routinely measured to identify the potential thermoelectric performance of a material. However, researchers employ a variety of techniques, conditions, and probe arrangements to measure the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in conflicting materials data. To compare and evaluate these methodologies, and to identify optimal Seebeck coefficient measurement protocols, we have developed an improved experimental apparatus to measure the Seebeck coefficient under multiple conditions and probe arrangements (300 K-1200 K). This paper will describe in detail the apparatus design and instrumentation, including a discussion of its capabilities and accuracy as measured through representative diagnostics. In addition, this paper will emphasize the techniques required to effectively manage uncertainty in high temperature Seebeck coefficient measurements. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4723872] C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.martin@nist.gov NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 83 IS 6 AR 065101 DI 10.1063/1.4723872 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 966JE UT WOS:000305833100049 PM 22755656 ER PT J AU Shaw, JH Wright, JD AF Shaw, Jiunn-Haur Wright, John D. TI Special Issue: Advances in Flow Measurement (Selected Papers from the 15th FLOMEKO Conference) Preface SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shaw, Jiunn-Haur] Ctr Measurement Stand CMS ITRI, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wright, John D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shaw, JH (reprint author), Ctr Measurement Stand CMS ITRI, Taipei, Taiwan. EM jiunn-haur.shaw@itri.org.tw NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 25 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2012.05.004 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 971LQ UT WOS:000306205800001 ER PT J AU Wright, JD Cobu, T Berg, RF Moldover, MR AF Wright, John D. Cobu, Thiago Berg, Robert F. Moldover, Michael R. TI Calibration of laminar flow meters for process gases SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Laminar flow meter; Calibration; Gas species; Gas properties; Rate of rise; Dynamic flow standard; Gravimetric flow standard; Process gases ID CAPILLARY AB We calibrated three models of commercially-manufactured, laminar flow meters (LFMs) at four pressures (100, 200, 300, and 400 kPa) with five gases (N-2, Ar, He, CO2, and SF6) over a 10:1 flow range using NIST's primary flow standards as references. We combined three items: (1) the calibration data acquired with N-2, (2) gas-property data from NIST's database REFPROP 9.0, and (3) a physical model for each LFM that accounts for the effects of viscosity, entrance and exit effects, gas expansion, gas non-ideality, and slip. This combination predicted the calibrations for the flow of Ar, He, CO2, and SF6 with a maximum error of 0.8% for Reynolds numbers Re < 500. Under these conditions, the present LFM model allows prediction of calibration results for other gases with approximately three times more accuracy than conventional approaches that plot the flow coefficient as a function of the viscosity coefficient or Re. We represented the calibration data for SF6 in the range 500 < Re < 2000 by adding an empirical quadratic function to the model for one of the LFMs. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Wright, John D.; Berg, Robert F.; Moldover, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cobu, Thiago] Inst Pesquisas Tecnol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Wright, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.wright@nist.gov; thiagoc@ipt.br; rberg@nist.gov; Michael.moldover@nist.gov RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 25 SI SI BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2011.08.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 971LQ UT WOS:000306205800003 ER PT J AU Hu, R Qian, Y Wang, JZ AF Hu, Rose Qian, Yi Wang, Jiangzhou TI RECENT ADVANCES IN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART GRID SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hu, Rose] RIM, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Hu, Rose] Nortel Networks, Mississauga, ON, Canada. [Qian, Yi] UNL, Coll Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Qian, Yi] UNL, Coll Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Qian, Yi] Univ Kent, Broadband & Wireless Commun Grp, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. RP Hu, R (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rosehu@ieee.org; yqian@ieee.org; j.z.wang@kent.ac.uk NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1284 J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Wirel. Commun. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 19 IS 3 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 971CS UT WOS:000306181900001 ER PT J AU Penland, C Sardeshmukh, PD AF Penland, Cecile Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Alternative interpretations of power-law distributions found in nature SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AB We investigate two inherently different classes of probability density functions (pdfs) that share the common property of power law tails: the a-stable Levy process and the linear Markov diffusion process with additive and multiplicative Gaussian noise. Dynamical processes described by these distributions cannot be uniquely identified as belonging to one or the other class either by diverging variance due to power-law tails in the pdf or by the possible existence of skew. However, there are distinguishing features that may be found in sufficiently well sampled time series. We examine these features and discuss how they may guide the development of proper approximations to equations of motion underlying dynamical systems. An additional result of this research was the identification of a variable describing the relative importance of the multiplicative and independent additive noise forcing in our linear Markov process. The distribution of this variable is generally skewed, depending on the level of correlation between the additive and multiplicative noise. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4706504] C1 [Penland, Cecile] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Penland, C (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX The authors are please to acknowledge useful conversations with Lev Ostrovsky, Peter Imkeller, and Ilya Pavlyukevich. We are also grateful to a reviewer for finding an algebraic error, which was corrected in revision. This work was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) base funds. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 AR 023119 DI 10.1063/1.4706504 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 966JM UT WOS:000305833900019 PM 22757526 ER PT J AU Kiernan, JD Moyle, PB AF Kiernan, Joseph D. Moyle, Peter B. TI Flows, droughts, and aliens: factors affecting the fish assemblage in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE assemblage structure; community ecology; drought; fish conservation; flow regime; introduced species; long-term data; Martis Creek; persistence ID BROWN TROUT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DESERT STREAM; LONG-TERM; STABILITY; PERSISTENCE; DISTURBANCE; VARIABILITY; MACROINVERTEBRATES; PATTERNS AB The fishes of Martis Creek, in the Sierra Nevada of California (USA), were sampled at four sites annually over 30 years, 1979-2008. This long-term data set was used to examine (1) the persistence and stability of the Martis Creek fish assemblage in the face of environmental stochasticity; (2) whether native and alien fishes responded differently to a natural hydrologic regime (e. g., timing and magnitude of high and low flows); and (3) the importance of various hydrologic and physical habitat variables in explaining the abundances of native and alien fish species through time. Our results showed that fish assemblages were persistent at all sample sites, but individual species exhibited marked interannual variability in density, biomass, and relative abundance. The density and biomass of native fishes generally declined over the period of study, whereas most alien species showed no significant long-term trends. Only alien rainbow trout increased in both density and biomass at all sites over time. Redundancy analysis identified three hydrologic variables (annual 7-day minimum discharge, maximum winter discharge, and number of distinct winter floods) and two habitat variables (percentage of pool habitat and percentage of gravel substrate) that each explained a significant portion of the annual variation in fish assemblage structure. For alien taxa, their proportional contribution to the total fish assemblage was inversely related to mean annual streamflow, one-day maximum discharge in both winter and spring, and the frequency of springtime floods. Results of this study highlight the need for continuous annual monitoring of streams with highly variable flow regimes to evaluate shifts in fish community structure. Apparent successes or failures in stream management may appear differently depending on the time series of available data. C1 [Kiernan, Joseph D.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kiernan, Joseph D.; Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kiernan, JD (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM joseph.kiernan@noaa.gov FU California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission Instream Flow Assessment Program [IFAP-01] FX Dozens of colleagues, students, and volunteers have helped during our annual Martis Creek blitz over the years. We particularly acknowledge Patrick Crain and Virginia Boucher for their many years of assistance. We are grateful to Michael Johnson and Colin Cameron for statistical advice. Susan M. Sogard, Brett N. Harvey, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for the analysis was provided by the California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission Instream Flow Assessment Program (Grant No. IFAP-01). NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1161 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 966KN UT WOS:000305836600007 PM 22827124 ER PT J AU Jeong, T Zhu, JG Mao, SI Pan, T Tang, YJ AF Jeong, Taehee Zhu, Jian-Gang Mao, Sining Pan, Tao Tang, Yun Jun TI Thermal Characterization of SiC Amorphous Thin Films SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Amorphous thin film; Silicon carbide; Thermal boundary resistance; Thermal conductivity; Transient Thermoreflectance method ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE TECHNIQUE; SILICON-CARBIDE; BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; HEAT-FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; SOLIDS; TEMPERATURES; CONDUCTANCE; INTERFACES; TRANSPORT AB The cross-plane thermal conductivity of SiC amorphous films was measured employing the transient thermoreflectance technique. The SiC films were deposited on silicon substrates by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The thickness of the films was varied in the range from 100 nm to 2500 nm to analyze the size effect. The results found that the thermal conductivity of the SiC thin films is significantly smaller than that of the SiC material in bulk form. The small thermal conductivity stems from the structural disorder of the films, which was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the contribution of the thermal boundary resistance to the thermal conductivity of the films is discussed. C1 [Jeong, Taehee; Zhu, Jian-Gang] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Mao, Sining; Pan, Tao; Tang, Yun Jun] Western Digital Corp, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. RP Jeong, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tjeong@andrew.cmu.edu FU NSF; Data Storage Systems Center at Carnegie Mellon University FX This research was supported in part by the NSF and the Data Storage Systems Center at Carnegie Mellon University. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1000 EP 1012 DI 10.1007/s10765-012-1193-1 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 969PJ UT WOS:000306067500006 ER PT J AU Nickels, JD Curtis, JE O'Neill, H Sokolov, AP AF Nickels, Jonathan D. Curtis, Joseph E. O'Neill, Hugh Sokolov, Alexei P. TI Role of methyl groups in dynamics and evolution of biomolecules SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Protein dynamics; RNA world; RNA dynamics; Nucleic acid dynamics ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; HYDROPHOBIC CORE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; TRANSFER-RNA; HYDRATION; ENZYME; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION; CATALYSIS AB Recent studies have discovered strong differences between the dynamics of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and proteins, especially at low hydration and low temperatures. This difference is caused primarily by dynamics of methyl groups that are abundant in proteins, but are absent or very rare in RNA and DNA. In this paper, we present a hypothesis regarding the role of methyl groups as intrinsic plasticizers in proteins and their evolutionary selection to facilitate protein dynamics and activity. We demonstrate the profound effect methyl groups have on protein dynamics relative to nucleic acid dynamics, and note the apparent correlation of methyl group content in protein classes and their need for molecular flexibility. Moreover, we note the fastest methyl groups of some enzymes appear around dynamical centers such as hinges or active sites. Methyl groups are also of tremendous importance from a hydrophobicity/folding/entropy perspective. These significant roles, however, complement our hypothesis rather than preclude the recognition of methyl groups in the dynamics and evolution of biomolecules. C1 [Nickels, Jonathan D.; Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Nickels, Jonathan D.; Sokolov, Alexei P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Neill, Hugh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Energy & Environm Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nickels, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jnickels@alumni.nd.edu; sokolov@utk.edu RI Nickels, Jonathan/I-1913-2012; OI Nickels, Jonathan/0000-0001-8351-7846; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 FU DOE support through the EPSCoR program [DE-FG02-08ER46528]; SNS through UT-Battelle; Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CSMB); Office of Biological and Environmental Research under FWP [ERKP291]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX JDN and APS acknowledge DOE support through the EPSCoR program (grant DE-FG02-08ER46528) and support from SNS through UT-Battelle. HON acknowledges support of the Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CSMB) funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research under FWP ERKP291, using facilities supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0092-0606 J9 J BIOL PHYS JI J. Biol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1007/s10867-012-9268-6 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 968DQ UT WOS:000305957600008 PM 23729910 ER PT J AU Brown, JD Seo, DJ Du, J AF Brown, James D. Seo, Dong-Jun Du, Jun TI Verification of Precipitation Forecasts from NCEP's Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) System with Reference to Ensemble Streamflow Prediction Using Lumped Hydrologic Models SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION-PARAMETERIZING ENSEMBLES; DATA ASSIMILATION; ORIENTED VERIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; ROC CURVES; PART II; SKILL; UNCERTAINTY; CALIBRATION; MESOSCALE AB Precipitation forecasts from the Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) are verified for the period April 2006 August 2010. Verification is conducted for 10-20 hydrologic basins in each of the following: the middle Atlantic, the southern plains, the windward slopes of the Sierra Nevada, and the foothills of the Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest. Mean areal precipitation is verified conditionally upon forecast lead time, amount of precipitation, season, forecast valid time, and accumulation period. The stationary block bootstrap is used to quantify the sampling uncertainties of the verification metrics. In general, the forecasts are more skillful for moderate precipitation amounts than either light or heavy precipitation. This originates from a threshold-dependent conditional bias in the ensemble mean forecast. Specifically, the forecasts overestimate low observed precipitation and underestimate high precipitation (a type-II conditional bias). Also, the forecast probabilities are generally overconfident (a type-I conditional bias), except for basins in the southern plains, where forecasts of moderate to high precipitation are reliable. Depending on location, different types of bias correction may be needed. Overall, the northwest basins show the greatest potential for statistical postprocessing, particularly during the cool season, when the type-I conditional bias and correlations are both high. The basins of the middle Atlantic and southern plains show less potential for statistical postprocessing, as the type-II conditional bias is larger and the correlations are weaker. In the Sierra Nevada, the greatest benefits of statistical postprocessing should be expected for light precipitation, specifically during the warm season, when the type-I conditional bias is large and the correlations are strong. C1 [Brown, James D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brown, James D.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Du, Jun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM james.d.brown@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS); Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) and the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA). We thank Dingchen Hou of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for providing the Climatology-Calibrated Precipitation Analysis (CCPA) dataset. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 808 EP 836 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-036.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000305776600003 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Chen, LC Shukla, S Bohn, TJ Lettenmaier, DP AF Mo, Kingtse C. Chen, Li-Chuan Shukla, Shraddhanand Bohn, Theodore J. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Uncertainties in North American Land Data Assimilation Systems over the Contiguous United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT INDEXES; SURFACE MODEL; NLDAS PROJECT; RADIATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY AB The Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the University of Washington (UW) run parallel drought monitoring systems over the continental United States based on the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). The NCEP system uses four land surface models (LSMs): Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC), Noah, Mosaic, and Sacramento (SAC). The UW system uses VIC, SAC, Noah, and the Community Land Model (CLM). An assessment of differences in drought characteristics using both systems for the period 1979-2008 was performed. For soil moisture (SM) percentiles and runoff indices, differences are relatively small among different LSMs in the same system. However, the ensemble mean differences between the two systems are large over the western United States in some cases exceeding 20% for SM and runoff percentile differences. These differences are most apparent after 2002 when the NCEP system transitioned to use the real-time North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and its precipitation gauge station data. (The UW system went into real-time operation in 2005.) Experiments were performed to address the sources of uncertainties. Comparison of simulations using the two systems with different model forcings indicates that the precipitation forcing differences are the primary source of the SM and runoff differences. While temperature, shortwave and longwave radiation, and wind speed forcing differences are also large after 2002, their contributions to SM and runoff differences are much smaller than precipitation. C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.] Climate Predict Ctr NCEP NWS NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chen, Li-Chuan] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand; Bohn, Theodore J.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr NCEP NWS NOAA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov RI Bohn, Theodore/K-4494-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI Bohn, Theodore/0000-0002-1880-9129; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office [J8R1RP7-P01] FX This project is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office Grant J8R1RP7-P01 to the University of Washington through its Climate Testbed project. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 996 EP 1009 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-0132.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000305776600013 ER PT J AU Wu, WR Kitzmiller, D Wu, SR AF Wu, Wanru Kitzmiller, David Wu, Shaorong TI Evaluation of Radar Precipitation Estimates from the National Mosaic and Multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation System and the WSR-88D Precipitation Processing System over the Conterminous United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL; QPE AB This study evaluated 24-, 6-, and 1-h radar precipitation estimated from the National Mosaic and Multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation System (NMQ) and the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) Precipitation Processing System (PPS) over the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the warm season April September 2009 and the cool season October 2009 March 2010. Precipitation gauge observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) were used as the ground truth. Gridded StageIV multisensor precipitation estimates were applied for supplementary verification. The comparison of the two systems consisted of a series of analyses including the linear correlation coefficient (CC) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the radar precipitation estimates and the gauge observations, large precipitation amount detection categorical scores, and the reliability of precipitation amount distribution. Data stratified for the 12 CONUS River Forecast Centers (RFCs) and for the cold rains events with bright-band effects were analyzed additionally. Major results are 1) the linear CC of NMQ versus ASOS are generally higher than that of PPS versus ASOS over CON US, while the spatial variations stratified by the RFCs may switch with seasons; 2) compared to the precipitation distribution of ASOS, NMQ shows less deviation than PPS; 3) for the cold rains verified against ASOS, NMQ has higher CC and PPS has lower RMSE for 6-h and higher RMSE for 1-h cold rains; and 4) for the precipitation detection categorical scores, either NMQ or PPS can be superior, depending on the time interval and season. The verification against StageIV gridded precipitation estimates showed that NMQ consistently had higher correlations and lower biases than did PPS. C1 [Wu, Wanru] NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wu, Shaorong] TCAssociates Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Wu, Shaorong] NOAA, NSW, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wu, WR (reprint author), NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wanru.wu@noaa.gov FU Ohio River Forecast Center; West Gulf River Forecast Center; Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service program FX We wish to thank NSSL staff including Kenneth Howard, Carrie Langston, and Jian Zhang for advice and supplying the NMQ radar products. Brian Nelson at NCDC supplied the warm-season mosaicked PPS products. Our project sponsors (Jeffrey Myers and Thomas Adams, Ohio River Forecast Center, and Greg Story, West Gulf River Forecast Center) gave valuable advice on the conduct of the study. ASOS data archives were maintained by the Meteorological Development Laboratory. Financial support was granted by the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service program. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, suggestions, and advice that contributed to improving the manuscript. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1080 EP 1093 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-064.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000305776600019 ER PT J AU Kunkel, KE Easterling, DR Kristvich, DAR Gleason, B Stoecker, L Smith, R AF Kunkel, Kenneth E. Easterling, David R. Kristvich, David A. R. Gleason, Byron Stoecker, Leslie Smith, Rebecca TI Meteorological Causes of the Secular Variations in Observed Extreme Precipitation Events for the Conterminous United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; REANALYSIS PROJECT; SYSTEMS; TRENDS AB Daily extreme precipitation events, exceeding a threshold for a 1-in-5-yr occurrence, were identified from a network of 935 Cooperative Observer stations for the period of 1908-2009. Each event was assigned a meteorological cause, categorized as extratropical cyclone near a front (FRT), extratropical cyclone near center of low (ETC), tropical cyclone (TC), mesoscale convective system (MCS), air mass (isolated) convection (AMC), North American monsoon (NAM), and upslope flow (USF). The percentage of events ascribed to each cause were 54% for FRT, 24% for ETC, 13% for TC, 5% for MCS, 3% for NAM, 1% for AMC, and 0.1% for USF. On a national scale, there are upward trends in events associated with fronts and tropical cyclones, but no trends for other meteorological causes. On a regional scale, statistically significant upward trends in the frontal category are found in five of the nine regions. For ETCs, there are statistically significant upward trends in the Northeast and east north central. For the NAM category, the trend in the West is upward. The central region has seen an upward trend in events caused by TCs. C1 [Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Easterling, David R.; Gleason, Byron] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites N Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Kristvich, David A. R.; Stoecker, Leslie; Smith, Rebecca] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ken.kunkel@noaa.gov RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Kristovich, David/0000-0001-9381-1053 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office [NA07OAR4310063] FX This work was partially supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office award NA07OAR4310063. We thank Anthony Arguez for helpful discussions during project planning. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the institutions for which they work. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1131 EP 1141 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-0108.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000305776600023 ER PT J AU Assael, MJ Koini, IA Antoniadis, KD Huber, ML Abdulagatov, IM Perkins, RA AF Assael, M. J. Koini, I. A. Antoniadis, K. D. Huber, M. L. Abdulagatov, I. M. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Sulfur Hexafluoride from the Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 150 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE critical phenomena; SF6; thermal conductivity; transport properties ID CRITICAL REGION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYATOMIC GASES; PRESSURES; SF6; TEMPERATURES; FLUIDS; NITROGEN; BEHAVIOR AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of SF6. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. Although there are a sufficiently large number of data at intermediate temperatures, data at very low or very high temperatures as well as near the critical region are scarce. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 1000 K and pressures up to 150 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 150 MPa and temperatures less than 1000 K, to be less than 4%. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4708620] C1 [Assael, M. J.; Koini, I. A.; Antoniadis, K. D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM assael@auth.gr RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012; OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 AR 023104 DI 10.1063/1.4708620 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 966JS UT WOS:000305834500004 ER PT J AU Assael, MJ Mylona, SK Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Assael, M. J. Mylona, S. K. Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Toluene from the Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 1000 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE correlation; critical phenomena; thermal conductivity; toluene; transport properties ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; SATURATED LIQUID TOLUENE; NON-STEADY-STATE; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; BINARY-MIXTURES; CRITICAL REGION; HEAT-CAPACITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSIVITY; PRESSURES AB This paper contains new, representative equations for the thermal conductivity of toluene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. Although there are a sufficiently large number of data at normal temperatures, data at very low and very high temperatures as well as near the critical region are scarce. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 1000 K and pressures up to 1000 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 700 MPa and temperatures less than 550 K, to be less than 3% for the liquid, while for the region 550 K <= T <= 700 K the uncertainty is estimated to be 4%. For the region T > 700 K and 500 MPa <= p <= 1000 MPa, the equations can safely be used with an uncertainty of the order of 10%. Finally, the uncertainty along the saturation line is estimated to be 2% with a coverage factor of two. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700155] C1 [Assael, M. J.; Mylona, S. K.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM assael@auth.gr RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012; OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 FU IATP FX The work described in this paper was carried out under the auspices of the IATP. We thank our colleague Dr. Ilmutdin M. Abdulagatov for assistance with the Russian literature. NR 121 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 AR 023101 DI 10.1063/1.3700155 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 966JS UT WOS:000305834500001 ER PT J AU Quinones-Cisneros, SE Huber, ML Deiters, UK AF Quinones-Cisneros, Sergio E. Huber, Marcia L. Deiters, Ulrich K. TI Correlation for the Viscosity of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) from the Triple Point to 1000 K and Pressures to 50 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE generalized friction theory; sulfur hexafluoride; viscosity ID QUASI-SPHERICAL MOLECULES; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; GASEOUS-MIXTURES; POLYATOMIC GASES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DENSITY; VISCOMETER AB A wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity surface of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been developed that incorporates generalized friction theory (GFT). The approach requires, as the core thermodynamic model, a reference-quality equation of state (EoS). Here the EoS of Guder and Wagner has been selected for that purpose. All available experimental data, to the extent of our knowledge, were considered in the development of the model. The correlation performs best in the low-pressure (less than 0.33 MPa) region from 300 K to 700 K where the estimated uncertainty (considered to be combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) is 0.3%. In the region from 300 K to 425 K for pressures less than 20 MPa, the estimated uncertainty is less than 1%. Where there were data available for validation at temperatures from 230 K to 575 K for pressures up to 50 MPa, the estimated uncertainty is 2%. The correlation extrapolates in a physically reasonable manner and may be used at pressures to 100 MPa and temperatures from the triple point to 1000 K. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3702441] C1 [Quinones-Cisneros, Sergio E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Mat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Deiters, Ulrich K.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. RP Quinones-Cisneros, SE (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Mat, Apdo Postal 70-360, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM seqc@mac.com RI Deiters, Ulrich/A-8691-2012 OI Deiters, Ulrich/0000-0001-7669-5847 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 AR 023102 DI 10.1063/1.3702441 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 966JS UT WOS:000305834500002 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Wu, JT Lemmon, EW AF Zhou, Yong Wu, Jiangtao Lemmon, Eric W. TI Thermodynamic Properties of o-Xylene, m-Xylene, p-Xylene, and Ethylbenzene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE equation of state; ethylbenzene; m-xylene; o-xylene; p-xylene; xylene isomers ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; PLUS M-XYLENE; SATURATED HEAT-CAPACITIES; 2ND VIRIAL COEFFICIENTS; GIBBS FREE-ENERGIES; 35 DEGREES-C; BINARY-MIXTURES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RELATIVE PERMITTIVITIES AB Equations of state for the xylene isomers (o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene) and ethylbenzene have been developed with the use of the Helmholtz energy as the fundamental property with independent variables of density and temperature. The general uncertainties of the equations of state are 0.5% in vapor pressure above the normal boiling point, and increase as the temperature decreases due to a lack of experimental data. The uncertainties in density range from 0.1% in the liquid region to 1.0% elsewhere (the critical and vapor-phase regions). The uncertainties in properties related to energy (such as heat capacity and sound speed) are estimated to be 1.0%. In the critical region, the uncertainties are higher for all properties. The behavior of the equations of state is reasonable within the region of validity and at higher and lower temperatures and pressures. Detailed analyses between the equations and experimental data are reported. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3703506] C1 [Zhou, Yong; Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhou, Yong; Wu, Jiangtao] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, MOE Key Lab Thermofluid Sci & Engn, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric.lemmon@nist.gov NR 160 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 AR 023103 DI 10.1063/1.3703506 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 966JS UT WOS:000305834500003 ER PT J AU Snellenburg, JJ Laptenok, SP Seger, R Mullen, KM van Stokkum, IHM AF Snellenburg, Joris J. Laptenok, Sergey P. Seger, Ralf Mullen, Katharine M. van Stokkum, Ivo H. M. TI Glotaran: A Java-Based Graphical User Interface for the R Package TIMP SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Glotaran; TIMP; global analysis; target analysis; time-resolved spectroscopy; Java ID TARGET ANALYSIS AB In this work the software application called Glotaran is introduced as a Java-based graphical user interface to the R package TIMP, a problem solving environment for fitting superposition models to multi-dimensional data. TIMP uses a command-line user interface for the interaction with data, the specification of models and viewing of analysis results. Instead, Glotaran provides a graphical user interface which features interactive and dynamic data inspection, easier assisted by the user interface model specification and interactive viewing of results. The interactivity component is especially helpful when working with large, multi-dimensional datasets as often result from time-resolved spectroscopy measurements, allowing the user to easily pre-select and manipulate data before analysis and to quickly zoom in to regions of interest in the analysis results. Glotaran has been developed on top of the NetBeans rich client platform and communicates with R through the Java-to-R interface R serve. The background and the functionality of the application are described here. In addition, the design, development and implementation process of Glotaran is documented in a generic way. C1 [Snellenburg, Joris J.; van Stokkum, Ivo H. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Seger, Ralf] Univ Augsburg, Dept Comp Oriented Stat & Data Anal COSADA, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. [Mullen, Katharine M.] NIST, Struct Determinat Methods Grp, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Snellenburg, JJ (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM j.snellenburg@vu.nl; s.laptenok@vu.nl; ralfseger@googlemail.com; mullenkate@gmail.com; ivo@few.vu.nl RI van Stokkum, Ivo/E-7175-2015; Snellenburg, Joris/C-2814-2011; OI van Stokkum, Ivo/0000-0002-6143-2021; Snellenburg, Joris/0000-0002-1428-0221; Laptenok, Sergey/0000-0002-6468-3010 FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [635.000.014] FX This research was funded by Computational Science grant #635.000.014 from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Catharina Hippius and Rene Williams provided the data modeled in Section 2. We acknowledge the constructive criticism of the anonymous reviewers. NR 22 TC 189 Z9 189 U1 6 U2 50 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 968NQ UT WOS:000305989900001 ER PT J AU Koev, ST Agrawal, A Lezec, HJ Aksyuk, VA AF Koev, Stephan T. Agrawal, Amit Lezec, Henri J. Aksyuk, Vladimir A. TI An Efficient Large-Area Grating Coupler for Surface Plasmon Polaritons SO PLASMONICS LA English DT Article DE Grating coupler; Surface plasmon; Optimization; Efficiency; Gold ID LIGHT; EXCITATION; OPTIMIZATION AB We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a periodic grating of shallow rectangular grooves in a metallic film with the goal of maximizing the coupling efficiency of an extended plane wave (PW) of visible or near-infrared light into a single surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode on a flat metal surface. A PW-to-SPP power conversion factor > 45% is demonstrated at a wavelength of 780 nm, which exceeds by an order of magnitude the experimental performance of SPP grating couplers reported to date at any wavelength. Conversion efficiency is maximized by matching the dissipative SPP losses along the grating surface to the local coupling strength. This critical coupling condition is experimentally achieved by tailoring the groove depth and width using a focused ion beam. C1 [Koev, Stephan T.; Agrawal, Amit; Lezec, Henri J.; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koev, Stephan T.; Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Aksyuk, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009; OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU NIST-CNST NanoFab; NIST Division 637 FIB-SEM; NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter FX This work is supported by the NIST-CNST NanoFab, NIST Division 637 FIB-SEM, and the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement. We also thank Prof. Igor Griva for the useful discussions. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1955 J9 PLASMONICS JI Plasmonics PD JUN PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s11468-011-9303-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 968MQ UT WOS:000305986300012 ER PT J AU Gnaupel-Herold, T AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas TI A software for diffraction stress factor calculations for textured materials SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Denver X-ray Conference (DXC) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO DE diffraction; elastic constants; texture; strain; stress ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ELASTICITY CONSTANTS AB A software for the calculation of diffraction elastic constants (DEC) for materials both with and without preferred orientation was developed. All grain-interaction models that can use the crystallite orientation distribution function (ODF) are incorporated, including Kroner, Hill, inverse Kroner, and Reuss. The functions of the software include: reading the ODF in common textual formats, pole figure calculation, calculation of DEC for different (hkl, phi, psi), calculation of anisotropic bulk constants from the ODF, calculation of macro-stress from lattice strain and vice versa, as well as mixture ratios of (hkl) of overlapped reflections in textured materials. (C) International Centre for Diffraction Data [doi:10.1017/S0885715612000267] C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Bldg 090,Room 2135, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.1017/S0885715612000267 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 969AQ UT WOS:000306028500011 ER PT J AU Feinholz, ME Flora, SJ Brown, SW Zong, Y Lykke, KR Yarbrough, MA Johnson, BC Clark, DK AF Feinholz, M. E. Flora, S. J. Brown, S. W. Zong, Y. Lykke, K. R. Yarbrough, M. A. Johnson, B. C. Clark, D. K. TI Stray light correction algorithm for multichannel hyperspectral spectrographs SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; BANDS AB An algorithm is presented that corrects a multichannel fiber-coupled spectrograph for stray or scattered light within the system. The efficacy of the algorithm is evaluated based on a series of validation measurements of sources with different spectral distributions. This is the first application of a scattered-light correction algorithm to a multichannel hyperspectral spectrograph. The algorithm, based on characterization measurements using a tunable laser system, can be extended to correct for finite point-spread response in imaging systems. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Feinholz, M. E.; Flora, S. J.; Yarbrough, M. A.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Brown, S. W.; Zong, Y.; Lykke, K. R.; Johnson, B. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, D. K.] Joint NIST USURF Program Opt Sensor Calibrat, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Feinholz, ME (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM feinholz@mlml.calstate.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NAO08NES440014, NA10AANEG0253]; NIST under NIST/Utah State University [70NANB9H9120] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through order number NAO08NES440014 to Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University Research Foundation, and through order number NA10AANEG0253 to NIST's Optical Technology Division. DKC was supported by NIST through order number 70NANB9H9120 to Space Dynamics Laboratory, Logan, Utah, under a joint NIST/Utah State University program in optical sensor calibration. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 16 BP 3631 EP 3641 DI 10.1364/AO.51.003631 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 955JT UT WOS:000305015300065 PM 22695603 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Dettinger, MD AF Ralph, F. M. Dettinger, M. D. TI Historical and National Perspectives on Extreme West Coast Precipitation Associated with Atmospheric Rivers during December 2010 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; SATELLITE; RAINFALL C1 [Ralph, F. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00188.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VI UT WOS:000305724400007 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, R Baker, B Kochendorfer, J Meyers, T Landolt, S Fischer, AP Black, J Theriault, JM Kucera, P Gochis, D Smith, C Nitu, R Hall, M Ikeda, K Gutmann, E AF Rasmussen, Roy Baker, Bruce Kochendorfer, John Meyers, Tilden Landolt, Scott Fischer, Alexandre P. Black, Jenny Theriault, Julie M. Kucera, Paul Gochis, David Smith, Craig Nitu, Rodica Hall, Mark Ikeda, Kyoko Gutmann, Ethan TI HOW WELL ARE WE MEASURING SNOW? The NOAA/FAA/NCAR Winter Precipitation Test Bed SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VISIBILITY; ACCURACY; COLORADO C1 [Rasmussen, Roy; Landolt, Scott; Black, Jenny; Theriault, Julie M.; Kucera, Paul; Gochis, David; Ikeda, Kyoko; Gutmann, Ethan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Baker, Bruce; Kochendorfer, John; Meyers, Tilden; Hall, Mark] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Fischer, Alexandre P.; Smith, Craig; Nitu, Rodica] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Rasmussen, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM rasmus@ucar.edu RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gutmann, Ethan/I-5728-2012 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Gutmann, Ethan/0000-0003-4077-3430 FU National Science Foundation; Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation Weather Research Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) U.S. Climate Reference Network program; U.S. Regional Climate Reference Network (USRCRN) program FX This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation through an interagency agreement in response to requirements and funding by the Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation Weather Research Program, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) U.S. Climate Reference Network program administered at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (see www.ncdc.noaa.gov/crn), and the U.S. Regional Climate Reference Network (USRCRN) program. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the U.S. government. The authors also acknowledge the support of Cheri Ward, program manager for the USRCRN and Jim Riley, the FAA contract manager for the NCAR ground deicing research and development effort. We also acknowledge the editing efforts by David L. Senn regarding the aerial site photo. NR 33 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 811 EP 829 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00052.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VI UT WOS:000305724400010 ER PT J AU Barker, D Huang, XY Liu, ZQ Auligne, T Zhang, X Rugg, S Ajjaji, R Bourgeois, A Bray, J Chen, YS Demirtas, M Guo, YR Henderson, T Huang, W Lin, HC Michalakes, J Rizvi, S Zhang, XY AF Barker, Dale Huang, Xiang-Yu Liu, Zhiquan Auligne, Tom Zhang, Xin Rugg, Steven Ajjaji, Raji Bourgeois, Al Bray, John Chen, Yongsheng Demirtas, Meral Guo, Yong-Run Henderson, Tom Huang, Wei Lin, Hui-Chuan Michalakes, John Rizvi, Syed Zhang, Xiaoyan TI THE WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODEL'S COMMUNITY VARIATIONAL/ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM WRFDA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE PREDICTION SYSTEM; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; RADAR DATA ASSIMILATION; SEVERE WIND EVENT; TYPHOON RUSA 2002; PART I; BIAS CORRECTION; SATELLITE DATA; SCHEME; IMPACT C1 [Huang, Xiang-Yu; Liu, Zhiquan; Auligne, Tom; Zhang, Xin; Bourgeois, Al; Guo, Yong-Run; Huang, Wei; Lin, Hui-Chuan; Rizvi, Syed; Zhang, Xiaoyan] NCAR, MMM Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Barker, Dale] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Rugg, Steven] USAF, Weather Agcy, Offutt AFB, NE USA. [Ajjaji, Raji] AF & Air Def Meteorol Dept, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Chen, Yongsheng] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Demirtas, Meral] Turkish State Meteorol Serv, Ankara, Turkey. [Henderson, Tom] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Michalakes, John] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Huang, XY (reprint author), NCAR, MMM Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM huangx@ucar.edu RI Zhang, Xin/L-7141-2015; Demirtas, Meral/Q-8555-2016 OI Demirtas, Meral/0000-0002-3026-9276 NR 58 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 831 EP 843 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00167.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VI UT WOS:000305724400011 ER PT J AU Gerber, EP Butler, A Calvo, N Charlton-Perez, A Giorgetta, M Manzini, E Perlwitz, J Polvani, LM Sassi, F Scaife, AA Shaw, TA Son, SW Watanabe, S AF Gerber, Edwin P. Butler, Amy Calvo, Natalia Charlton-Perez, Andrew Giorgetta, Marco Manzini, Elisa Perlwitz, Judith Polvani, Lorenzo M. Sassi, Fabrizio Scaife, Adam A. Shaw, Tiffany A. Son, Seok-Woo Watanabe, Shingo TI ASSESSING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF STRATOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND VARIABILITY ON THE EARTH SYSTEM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; RELATIVELY SIMPLE AGCM; POLAR OZONE DEPLETION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE WEATHER; SIMPLIFIED GCM; ANNULAR MODES C1 [Gerber, Edwin P.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Butler, Amy] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Calvo, Natalia] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Tierra 2, Madrid, Spain. [Calvo, Natalia] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Charlton-Perez, Andrew] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Giorgetta, Marco; Manzini, Elisa] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.; Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Sassi, Fabrizio] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Scaife, Adam A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [Son, Seok-Woo] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Watanabe, Shingo] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Gerber, EP (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM gerber@cims.nyu.edu RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011; Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Son, Seok-Woo /A-8797-2013; Watanabe, Shingo/L-9689-2014; OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Watanabe, Shingo/0000-0002-2228-0088; CALVO FERNANDEZ, NATALIA/0000-0001-6213-1864; Gerber, Edwin/0000-0002-6010-6638; Sassi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-9492-7434; Charlton-Perez, Andrew/0000-0001-8179-6220 FU National Science Foundation through the Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences program; Office of Naval Research through NRL's base 6.1 and 6.2 research programs; NOAA's Climate Program Office; COMBINE project of the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme FX We thank Dr. Ben Ruston of the Marine Meteorology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory for permission to use the data in Fig. 2, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. EPG gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation through the Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences program. FS acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research through NRL's base 6.1 and 6.2 research programs. JP's contribution is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office, and MG and EM acknowledge the partial support of the COMBINE project of the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme. NR 119 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 845 EP 859 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00145.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VI UT WOS:000305724400012 ER PT J AU Vogelmann, AM McFarquhar, GM Ogren, JA Turner, DD Comstock, JM Feingold, G Long, CN Jonsson, HH Bucholtz, A Collins, DR Diskin, GS Gerber, H Lawson, RP Woods, RK Andrews, E Yang, HJ Chiu, JC Hartsock, D Hubbe, JM Lo, CM Marshak, A Monroe, JW McFarlane, SA Schmid, B Tomlinson, JM Toto, T AF Vogelmann, Andrew M. McFarquhar, Greg M. Ogren, John A. Turner, David D. Comstock, Jennifer M. Feingold, Graham Long, Charles N. Jonsson, Haflidi H. Bucholtz, Anthony Collins, Don R. Diskin, Glenn S. Gerber, Hermann Lawson, R. Paul Woods, Roy K. Andrews, Elisabeth Yang, Hee-Jung Chiu, J. Christine Hartsock, Daniel Hubbe, John M. Lo, Chaomei Marshak, Alexander Monroe, Justin W. McFarlane, Sally A. Schmid, Beat Tomlinson, Jason M. Toto, Tami TI RACORO EXTENDED-TERM AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS OF BOUNDARY LAYER CLOUDS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; DIURNAL CYCLE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; CONVECTION OVERLAND; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; INDIAN-OCEAN; ARM CART; IN-SITU C1 [Vogelmann, Andrew M.; Toto, Tami] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McFarquhar, Greg M.; Yang, Hee-Jung] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Ogren, John A.; Feingold, Graham; Andrews, Elisabeth] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Comstock, Jennifer M.; Long, Charles N.; Hubbe, John M.; Lo, Chaomei; McFarlane, Sally A.; Schmid, Beat; Tomlinson, Jason M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.; Woods, Roy K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Bucholtz, Anthony] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Collins, Don R.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Diskin, Glenn S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Gerber, Hermann] Gerber Sci Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Lawson, R. Paul] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Andrews, Elisabeth] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chiu, J. Christine] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Hartsock, Daniel; Monroe, Justin W.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Marshak, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Vogelmann, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vogelmann@bnl.gov RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Tomlinson, Jason/C-6566-2009; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research; Earth System Modeling Program via the FASTER Project [DE-AC06-76RLO 1,830, DE-FG02-05ER64062, DE-AI05-09OR23371, DE-SC0000543, DE-AI-02-08ER64562, DE-FG02-08ER64563, DE-FG02-08ER54564]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We gratefully acknowledge the many contributions by Debbie Ronfeld (AAF logistics point of contact), pilots Mike Hubbell and Chris McGuire, copilot Dave McSwaggan, Jesse Barge (cabin instrument operations), and Greg Cooper (CIRPAS aircraft operations) and the web and media support by Sherman Beus and Lynne Roeder, respectively. We are delighted to acknowledge the NASA King Air team for their collaborative participation and excellent flight coordination (PIs Rich Ferrare, Chris Hostetler, and Brian Cairns). Data used in this article are from the U.S. Department of Energy AAF RACORO campaign and from the SGP ARM Climate Research Facility. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program, under the following grants/contracts: DE-AC02-98CH10886 and the Earth System Modeling Program via the FASTER Project (AMV, TT); DE-SC0005008 (JAO, EA); DE-FG02-08ER64538 (DDT); DE-FG02-02ER63337 (GM, HJY); DE-FG02-07ER64378 (GM, HJY); DE-FG02-09ER64770 (GM, HJY); DE-SC0001279 (GM, HJY); DE-SC0005507 (GM, HJY); DE-SC0002037 (GF); DE-AC06-76RLO 1,830 (CNL, SAM); DE-FG02-05ER64062 (DH, JWM); DE-AI05-09OR23371 (AB); DE-SC0000543 (GSD); DE-AI-02-08ER64562 (AM); DE-FG02-08ER64563 (AM, JCC); and DE-FG02-08ER54564 (AM). NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 6 BP 861 EP 878 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00189.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VI UT WOS:000305724400013 ER PT J AU Essington, TE Melnychuk, MC Branch, TA Heppell, SS Jensen, OP Link, JS Martell, SJD Parma, AM Pope, JG Smith, ADM AF Essington, Timothy E. Melnychuk, Michael C. Branch, Trevor A. Heppell, Selina S. Jensen, Olaf P. Link, Jason S. Martell, Steven J. D. Parma, Ana M. Pope, John G. Smith, Anthony D. M. TI Catch shares, fisheries, and ecological stewardship: a comparative analysis of resource responses to a rights-based policy instrument SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Catch shares; fisheries; marine conservation; market-based approaches; policy evaluation; property-rights ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; DEFORESTATION; INCENTIVES; COUNTRIES; SYSTEMS AB Rights-based approaches are potentially promising tools to meet conservation objectives in natural resource management. Here, we evaluated how population status and fishery production respond to catch shares, a rights-based policy instrument in fisheries whereby participants are granted a right to harvest a fraction of the allowable catch. By analyzing time series of landings, exploitation rate, and population biomass for >150 fisheries, we find that catch shares tended to dampen variance in fishery landings and exploitation rate, that they had no effect on population biomass, and that the responses were unrelated to population status prior to catch shares. Variance dampening was strongest when harvesting rights were durable and secure but was absent otherwise. Reductions in exploitation rate were strongest in multispecies fisheries with high levels of at-sea observers. Although benefits are not guaranteed, successful catch share programs share common elements that can be incorporated in the design of future programs. C1 [Essington, Timothy E.; Melnychuk, Michael C.; Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Martell, Steven J. D.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Pope, John G.] NRC Europe Ltd, Old Rectory, Beccles, Suffolk, England. [Smith, Anthony D. M.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Essington, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM essing@uw.edu RI Melnychuk, Michael/A-4680-2013; Smith, Tony/A-4017-2012 FU Lenfest Ocean Program FX We thank the many local experts who contributed stock assessments to the RAM legacy database and who participated in interviews to characterize attributes of fisheries and catch share programs. We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the Lenfest Ocean Program. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00226.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 959AQ UT WOS:000305282500004 ER PT J AU Holland, DS Jannot, JE AF Holland, Daniel S. Jannot, Jason E. TI Bycatch risk pools for the US West Coast Groundfish Fishery SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Fisheries; Risk; Uncertainty; Incidental catch; Bycatch; Individual quota; Risk pools ID MORAL HAZARD; INSURANCE; MODELS AB Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) in multispecies fisheries create incentives for fishermen to avoid bycatch of species for which quota is scarce. However, when bycatch is highly uncertain, individual quota demand and prices may be volatile creating substantial financial risk for fishermen. The US Pacific Groundfish fishery recently introduced an ITQ system with low quotas for several overfished species with highly uncertain bycatch rates. Some fishery participants formed risk pools where bycatch quota is pooled and available to all pool members. Risk pools can reduce financial risk and transactions costs for individuals, but they also create moral hazard and adverse selection problems. We present an empirical analysis of bycatch risk that informs several issues of risk pool design including which bycatch species to include, pools size, and how to evaluate and mitigate adverse selection and moral hazard problems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holland, Daniel S.; Jannot, Jason E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Dan.holland@noaa.gov OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 78 BP 132 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.04.010 PG 16 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 964CQ UT WOS:000305671700015 ER PT J AU Gharavi, H Xu, C AF Gharavi, Hamid Xu, Chong TI Traffic Scheduling Technique for Smart Grid Advanced Metering Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Traffic scheduling; smart grid; mesh network; back pressure; IEEE 802.11s ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; RANDOM-ACCESS; THROUGHPUT; STABILITY; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we present a multi-gate mesh network architecture that has been developed to ensure high performance and reliability under emergency conditions when a system expects to receive power outage notifications and exchanges. In order to handle the metering traffic, under time varying outage conditions we introduce a multi-gate and single-class back-pressure based scheduling algorithm, which takes into account both the hop-count, as well as the queue length of each mesh node. An important requirement of this algorithm is that all the meter nodes should always maintain a separate path to each gateway. We first quantify the stability region of the network when our novel algorithm is applied to schedule the packets. We then present a numeric analysis to prove that the overall network delay is reduced as a result of employing the proposed scheduling algorithm. Moreover, we also theoretically prove that the network is always able to remain stable as long as the arrival rate vector lies inside the stability region provided by our scheduling algorithm. Finally, we derive a distributed objective function that is adopted by the practical implementation of the packet-scheduling scheme. The simulation results indicate that under the context of the multi-gate network, our packet-scheduling scheme can indeed significantly improve the network's reliability and delay performance, which are important factors under outage conditions. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Xu, Chong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hamid.gharavi@nist.gov; chong.xu@nist.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1646 EP 1658 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2012.12.100620 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 962WT UT WOS:000305579500020 ER PT J AU Alford, MH Cronin, MF Klymak, JM AF Alford, Matthew H. Cronin, Meghan F. Klymak, Jody M. TI Annual Cycle and Depth Penetration of Wind-Generated Near-Inertial Internal Waves at Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WAVENUMBER-FREQUENCY-SPECTRUM; SURFACE MIXED-LAYER; ENERGY FLUX; STRONG STORM; DEEP-OCEAN; MENDOCINO ESCARPMENT; VELOCITY PROFILES; GEOSTROPHIC FLOW; KINETIC-ENERGY; ALTIMETER DATA AB The downward propagation of near-inertial internal waves following winter storms is examined in the context of a 2-yr record of velocity in the upper 800 m at Ocean Station Papa. The long time series allow accurate estimation of wave frequency, whereas the continuous data in depth allow separation into upward- and downward-propagating components. Near-inertial kinetic energy (KEin) dominates the record. At all measured depths, energy in downgoing motions exceeds that of upward-propagating motions by factors of 3-7, whereas KEin is elevated by a factor of 3-5 in winter relative to summer. The two successive winters are qualitatively similar but show important differences in timing and depth penetration. Energy is seen radiating downward in a finite number of wave groups, which are tagged and catalogued to determine the vertical group velocity c, which has a mean of about 1.5 x 10(-4) m s(-1) (13 m day(-1)). Case studies of three of these are presented in detail. Downward energy flux is estimated as c(gz) X KEin (i) by summing over the set of events, (ii) from time series near the bottom of the record, and (iii) from the wavenumber-frequency spectrum and the dispersion relationship. These estimates are compared to the work done on near-inertial motions in the mixed layer by the wind, which is directly estimated from mixed layer near-inertial currents and winds measured from a surface buoy 10 km away. All three methods yield similar values, indicating that 12%-33% of the energy input into the mixed layer transits 800 m toward the deep sea. This simple picture neglects lateral energy flux carried by the first few vertical modes, which was not measured. The substantial deep penetration implies that near-inertial motions may play a role in mixing the deep ocean, but the strong observed variability calls for a need to better understand the role of lateral mesoscale structures in modulating the vertical propagation. C1 [Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Klymak, Jody M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Alford, MH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM malford@apl.washington.edu RI Klymak, Jody/A-3041-2008 OI Klymak, Jody/0000-0003-4612-8600 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0401]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-09-1-0401 and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We are grateful to the captain, Murray McGregor, and the crew of RN Tully and to the line P personnel for their assistance in coordinating the trips to station Papa. We thank Patrick A'Hearn, Robert Kamphaus, Michael Craig, Keith Ronnholm, and John Mickett for their assistance in preparing, deploying, and recovering the moored instrumentation and hardware. We thank the reviewers for valuable comments that greatly improved the submitted manuscript. NR 63 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 6 BP 889 EP 909 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-092.1 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 966NW UT WOS:000305845700001 ER PT J AU Defne, Z Haas, KA Fritz, HM Jiang, LD French, SP Shi, X Smith, BT Neary, VS Stewart, KM AF Defne, Zafer Haas, Kevin A. Fritz, Hermann M. Jiang, Lide French, Steven P. Shi, Xuan Smith, Brennan T. Neary, Vincent S. Stewart, Kevin M. TI National geodatabase of tidal stream power resource in USA SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Tidal energy; Tidal currents; Resource mapping; Numerical modeling; GIS ID GEORGIA AB A geodatabase of tidal constituents is developed to present the regional assessment of tidal stream power resource in the USA. Tidal currents are numerically modeled with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and calibrated with the available measurements of tidal current speeds and water level surfaces. The performance of the numerical model in predicting the tidal currents and water levels is assessed by an independent validation. The geodatabase is published on a public domain via a spatial database engine with interactive tools to select, query and download the data. Regions with the maximum average kinetic power density exceeding 500 W/m(2) (corresponding to a current speed of 1 m/s), total surface area larger than 0.5 km(2) and depth greater than 5 m are defined as hotspots and documented. The regional assessment indicates that the state of Alaska (AK) has the largest number of locations with considerably high kinetic power density, followed by, Maine (ME), Washington (WA), Oregon (OR), California (CA), New Hampshire (NH), Massachusetts (MA), New York (NY), New Jersey (NJ), North and South Carolina (NC, SC), Georgia (GA). and Florida (FL). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Defne, Zafer; Haas, Kevin A.; Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Jiang, Lide] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [French, Steven P.; Shi, Xuan] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Smith, Brennan T.; Neary, Vincent S.; Stewart, Kevin M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Defne, Z (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 210 Technol Circle, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. EM zafer.defne@gatech.edu; khaas@gatech.edu; fritz@gatech.edu; lide.jiang@noaa.gov; steve.french@coa.gatech.edu; xuan.shi@coa.gatech.edu; smithbt@ornl.gov; nearyvs@ornl.gov; stewartkm@ornl.gov RI Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013; OI Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411; Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Defne, Zafer/0000-0003-4544-4310 FU Department of Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program [DE-FG36-08GO18174] FX This study was supported by the Department of Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program award number DE-FG36-08GO18174. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Energy. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-0321 J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3326 EP 3338 DI 10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.061 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 959YN UT WOS:000305354200087 ER PT J AU Masumoto, Y Miyazawa, Y Tsumune, D Tsubono, T Kobayashi, T Kawamura, H Estournel, C Marsaleix, P Lanerolle, L Mehra, A Garraffos, ZD AF Masumoto, Yukio Miyazawa, Yasumasa Tsumune, Daisuke Tsubono, Takaki Kobayashi, Takuya Kawamura, Hideyuki Estournel, Claude Marsaleix, Patrick Lanerolle, Lyon Mehra, Avichal Garraffos, Zulema D. TI Oceanic Dispersion Simulations of Cs-137 Released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE oceanic dispersion simulation; radionuclides; Cs-137; Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant; regional ocean simulation; mesoscale eddy ID SURFACE; MODEL; REANALYSIS; SEA AB Five models have been used to estimate the oceanic dispersion of Cs-137 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant during March and April 2011, following the accident on March 11, 2011. The total discharged activity of Cs-137 is estimated to be 2 to 15 petabequerels. A weak southward current along the Fukushima coast was responsible for the initial transport direction, while mesoscale eddy-like structures and surface-current systems contributed to dispersion in areas beyond the continental shelf. Most of the discrepancies among the models in April are caused by differences in how the mesoscale current structures off the Ibaraki coast are represented. C1 [Masumoto, Yukio; Miyazawa, Yasumasa] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Tsumune, Daisuke; Tsubono, Takaki] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Environm Sci Res Lab, Abiko, Chiba 2701194, Japan. [Kobayashi, Takuya; Kawamura, Hideyuki] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Estournel, Claude; Marsaleix, Patrick] Toulouse Univ, CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Lanerolle, Lyon] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Lanerolle, Lyon] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mehra, Avichal] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Garraffos, Zulema D.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Masumoto, Y (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. EM masumoto@jamstec.go.jp RI marsaleix, patrick/C-2758-2013; Miyazawa, Yasumasa/J-3196-2014; MASUMOTO, YUKIO/G-5021-2014 OI marsaleix, patrick/0000-0002-4506-5209; Miyazawa, Yasumasa/0000-0002-0107-6272; NR 14 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 29 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD JUN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.2113/gselements.8.3.207 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 961XR UT WOS:000305503300018 ER PT J AU Mueller, CJ Cannella, WJ Bruno, TJ Bunting, B Dettman, HD Franz, JA Huber, ML Natarajan, M Pitz, WJ Ratcliff, MA Wright, K AF Mueller, Charles J. Cannella, William J. Bruno, Thomas J. Bunting, Bruce Dettman, Heather D. Franz, James A. Huber, Marcia L. Natarajan, Mani Pitz, William J. Ratcliff, Matthew A. Wright, Ken TI Methodology for Formulating Diesel Surrogate Fuels with Accurate Compositional, Ignition-Quality, and Volatility Characteristics SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; OXYGENATE ADDITIVES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; MIXTURE MODEL; TEMPERATURE; COMBUSTION; KEROSENE; IMPROVEMENTS; ENTHALPY AB In this study, a novel approach was developed to formulate surrogate fuels having characteristics that are representative of diesel fuels produced from real-world refinery streams. Because diesel fuels typically consist of hundreds of compounds, it is difficult to conclusively determine the effects of fuel composition on combustion properties. Surrogate fuels, being simpler representations of these practical fuels, are of interest because they can provide a better understanding of fundamental fuel-composition and property effects on combustion and emissions-formation processes in internal-combustion engines. In addition, the application of surrogate fuels in numerical simulations with accurate vaporization, mixing, and combustion models could revolutionize future engine designs by enabling computational optimization for evolving real fuels. Dependable computational design would not only improve engine function, it would do so at significant cost savings relative to current optimization strategies that rely on physical testing of hardware prototypes. The approach in this study utilized the state-of-the-art techniques of C-13 and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the advanced distillation curve to characterize fuel composition and volatility, respectively. The ignition quality was quantified by the derived cetane number. Two well-characterized, ultra-low-sulfur #2 diesel reference fuels produced from refinery streams were used as target fuels: a 2007 emissions certification fuel and a Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE) diesel fuel. A surrogate was created for each target fuel by blending eight pure compounds. The known carbon bond types within the pure compounds, as well as models for the ignition qualities and volatilities of their mixtures, were used in a multiproperty regression algorithm to determine optimal surrogate formulations. The predicted and measured surrogate-fuel properties were quantitatively compared to the measured target-fuel properties, and good agreement was found. C1 [Mueller, Charles J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cannella, William J.] Chevron Corp, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. [Bruno, Thomas J.; Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bunting, Bruce] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dettman, Heather D.] Nat Resources Canada CanmetENERGY, Devon, AB T9G 1A6, Canada. [Franz, James A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Natarajan, Mani] Marathon Petr Co, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. [Pitz, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ratcliff, Matthew A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wright, Ken] Phillips 66 Co, Bartlesville, OK 74003 USA. RP Mueller, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cjmuell@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Vehicle Technologies; Coordinating Research Council (CRC); U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. DOE at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Program for Energy Research and Development; ecoEnergy Technology Initiative FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of our friend and colleague Jim Franz. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Vehicle Technologies, and by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) and the companies that employ the CRC members. The study was conducted under the auspices of CRC. The authors thank U.S. DOE program manager Kevin Stork for supporting the participation of the U.S. national laboratories in this study. C.J.M.'s portion of the research was conducted at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. W.J.P.'s portion of the research was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. M.A.R.'s portion of the research was conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The valuable technical assistance of NREL colleague Jon Luecke with surrogate treating, blending, and measurement of the ignition properties is gratefully acknowledged. NREL is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308. Rafal Gieleciak and Darcy Hager at the Natural Resources Canada (CanmetENERGY) Laboratory in Devon, Alberta, were responsible for the gas-chromatographic analyses of the fuels, palette compounds, and palette-compound mixtures, while Sara Salmon ran the proton and carbon NMR analyses. Elemental analyses were performed by the CanmetENERGY Analytical Group. The participation of CanmetENERGY in this project was funded by Natural Resources Canada through partial funding from the Canadian Program for Energy Research and Development and from the ecoEnergy Technology Initiative. NR 88 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 3284 EP 3303 DI 10.1021/ef300303e PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 961DP UT WOS:000305444400020 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Application of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method to the Variability of Jet Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; ENTHALPY; S-8; CUT AB In this paper, we report the application of the advanced distillation-curve (ADC) approach to the gas turbine fuels Jet-A, JP-8, and JP-5, in order to obtain information about the variability of these gas turbine fuels. The measurements of the ADC derived temperatures T-k and T-h provide volatility information as an approximation of the vapor-liquid equilibrium, VLE. The composition channel of the advanced distillation curve provides access to more detailed insight into the fluid behavior. Finally, we have shown how the composition channel allows the combination of thermochemical data with the temperature data of the distillation curve. The variability in distillation curves and calculated heat of combustion between jet fuels is significant. Understanding of this variability is critical information for a more effective and reliable thermophysical property modeling system. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR-F1ATA091146004-000-000] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MIPR-F1ATA091146004-000-000). J.L.B. acknowledges the National Academy of Science/National Research Council postdoctoral associateship program. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 3661 EP 3671 DI 10.1021/ef3006178 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 961DP UT WOS:000305444400059 ER PT J AU Pirkl, RJ Remley, KA Patane, CSL AF Pirkl, Ryan J. Remley, Kate A. Patane, Christian S. Lotback TI Reverberation Chamber Measurement Correlation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Correlation; entropy; measurement correlation; measurement efficiency; reverberation chamber ID ERROR RATE MEASUREMENTS; INDEPENDENT SAMPLES; SPATIAL DEGREES; NUMBER; EFFICIENCY; DIVERSITY; CAPACITY; RAYLEIGH; FREEDOM AB This contribution evaluates the utility of several different metrics for studying correlation between reverberation chamber measurements collected at different stirrer positions. Metrics considered are the autocovariance, the correlation matrix, and two metrics based upon the entropy of the data correlation matrix: 1) the effective number of uncorrelated measurements and 2) the measurement efficiency. The different metrics are shown to be useful for different correlation analyses. Application of these metrics reveals that the correlation between reverberation chamber measurements is strongly affected by stirring methodology, loading configuration, and measurement frequency. C1 [Pirkl, Ryan J.; Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Patane, Christian S. Lotback] Bluetest AB, SE-41755 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, RF Fields Grp, 325 Broadway St,MS 818-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.pirkl@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov; c.lotback@gmail.com NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 3 BP 533 EP 545 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2011.2166964 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 962VG UT WOS:000305574300004 ER PT J AU Smith, SR Bourassa, MA Jackson, DL AF Smith, Shawn R. Bourassa, Mark A. Jackson, Darren L. TI Supporting Satellite Research With Data Collected by Vessels Automated Meteorological Sampling From SAMOS Project Gathers Data Required to Test Satellite Algorithms, Validate Products SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Smith, Shawn R.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM smith@coaps.fsu.edu RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866 FU NOAA Climate Observation Division through Mississippi State University [NA11OAR4320199]; NSF [0947784] FX The SAMOS DAC is supported by NOAA Climate Observation Division through Mississippi State University under the terms of agreement No. NA11OAR4320199 and NSF Grant No. 0947784. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 6 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 961UV UT WOS:000305495900004 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Stensrud, DJ AF Jones, Thomas A. Stensrud, David J. TI Assimilating AIRS Temperature and Mixing Ratio Profiles Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach for Convective-Scale Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; WATER-VAPOR; PART I; MODEL; IMPACT; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; RADIANCES; CLOUD AB One satellite data product that has received great interest in the numerical weather prediction community is the temperature and mixing ratio profiles derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on board the Aqua satellite. This research assesses the impact of assimilating AIRS profiles on high-resolution ensemble forecasts of southern plains severe weather events occurring on 26 May 2009 and 10 May 2010 by comparing two ensemble forecasts. In one ensemble, the 1830 and 2000 UTC level 2 AIRS temperature and dewpoint profiles are assimilated with all other routine observations into a 36-member, 15-km Weather and Research Forecast Model (WRF) ensemble using a Kalman filter approach. The other ensemble is identical, except that only routine observations are assimilated. In addition, 3-km one-way nested-grid ensemble forecasts are produced during the periods of convection. Results indicate that over the contiguous United States, the AIRS profiles do not measurably improve the ensemble mean forecasts of midtropospheric temperature and dewpoint. However, the ensemble mean dewpoint profiles in the region of severe convective development are improved by the AIRS assimilation. Comparisons of the forecast ensemble radar reflectivity probabilities between the 1- and 4-h forecast times with nearby Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) observations show that AIRS-enhanced ensembles consistently generate more skillful forecasts of the convective features at these times. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Jones, Thomas A.; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM thomas.jones@noaa.gov FU FRDD team; NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX This research would not have been possible without the support of the entire FRDD team. In particular, we would like to thank Nusrat Yussouf for processing the KTLX WSR-88D radar data used in Fig. 9. AIRS L2 data were acquired from the NASA data server (http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov/). Mobile radiosonde data collected by the VORTEX2 experiment were made available by Mike Coniglio. We also appreciate the detailed comments provided by the anonymous reviewers that provided a basis for several significant improvements in the presentation of this study. This research was supported by the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. Partial funding for this research was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, under the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 541 EP 564 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00090.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100001 ER PT J AU Novak, DR Colle, BA AF Novak, David R. Colle, Brian A. TI Diagnosing Snowband Predictability Using a Multimodel Ensemble System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST US CYCLONES; CONVECTION-PARAMETERIZING ENSEMBLES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY INVERSION; MESOSCALE BAND FORMATION; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODELS; MOIST BAROCLINIC WAVES; ERROR GROWTH DYNAMICS; FORECAST SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; PART I AB The forecast uncertainty of mesoscale snowband formation and evolution is compared using predictions from a 16-member multimodel ensemble at 12-km grid spacing for the 25 December 2002, 12 February 2006, and 14 February 2007 northeast U.S. snowstorms. Using these predictions, the case-to-case variability in the predictability of band formation and evolution is demonstrated. Feature-based uncertainty information is also presented as an example of what may be operationally feasible from postprocessing information from future short-range ensemble forecast systems. Additionally, the initial condition sensitivity of band location in each case is explored by contrasting the forecast evolutions of initial condition members with large differences in snowband positions. Considerable uncertainty in the occurrence, and especially timing and location, of band formation and subsequent evolution was found, even at forecast projections < 24 h. The ensemble provided quantitative mesoscale band uncertainty information, and differentiated between high-predictability (14 February 2007) and low-predictability (12 February 2006) cases. Among the three cases, large (small) initial differences in the upper-level PV distribution and surface mean sea level pressure of the incipient cyclone were associated with large (small) differences in forecast snowband locations, suggesting that case-to-case differences in predictability may be related to the quality of the initial conditions. The complexity of the initial flow may also be a discriminator. Error growth was evident in each case, consistent with previous mesoscale predictability research, but predictability differences were not correlated to the degree of convection. Discussion of these results and future extensions of the work are presented. C1 [Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Novak, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Rm 410,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM david.novak@noaa.gov FU UCAR-COMET [S07-66814]; NOAA-CSTAR [NA10NWS4680003] FX The second author was supported in part by UCAR-COMET (Grant S07-66814) and NOAA-CSTAR (NA10NWS4680003). Martin Baxter provided insightful comments that improved the manuscript. Jun Du provided the archived NCEP SREF perturbations necessary to run the ensemble. Three anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments leading to improvements in the presentation of this work. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 565 EP 585 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00047.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100002 ER PT J AU Wen, M Yang, S Vintzileos, A Higgins, W Zhang, RH AF Wen, Min Yang, Song Vintzileos, Augustin Higgins, Wayne Zhang, Renhe TI Impacts of Model Resolutions and Initial Conditions on Predictions of the Asian Summer Monsoon by the NCEP Climate Forecast System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; SEASONAL PREDICTION; TROPICAL WESTERN; INDIAN MONSOON; EAST-ASIA; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; ENSO AB A series of 60-day hindcasts by the Climate Forecast System (CFS) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is analyzed to understand the impacts of atmospheric model resolutions and initial conditions on predictions of the Asian summer monsoon. The experiments, for the time period 2002-06 and with 14 ensemble members, are conducted at resolutions of T62, T126, and T254. They are initialized every 5 days from May to August, using the operational global atmospheric data assimilation system and operational global ocean data assimilation. It is found that, in predicting the magnitude and the timing of monsoon rainfall over lands, high model resolutions overall perform better than lower model resolutions. The increase in prediction skills with model resolution is more apparent over South Asia than over Southeast Asia. The largest improvement is seen over the Tibetan Plateau, at least for precipitation. However, the increase in model resolution does not enhance the skill of the predictions over oceans. Overall, model resolution has larger impacts than do the initial conditions on predicting the development of the Asian summer monsoon in the early season. However, higher model resolutions such as T382 may be needed for the CFS to simulate and predict many features of the monsoon more realistically. C1 [Yang, Song; Vintzileos, Augustin; Higgins, Wayne] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wen, Min; Zhang, Renhe] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Rm 605,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFA21430]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; Basic Scientific Research and Operation Foundation of the CAMS [2010Z003]; NOAA-China Meteorological Administration FX The authors thank the editor, Prof. Da-Lin Zhang, and three anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments that improved the overall quality of the paper. This study was partially supported by the International S&T Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant 2009DFA21430), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 40921003), the Basic Scientific Research and Operation Foundation of the CAMS (Grant 2010Z003), and the NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 629 EP 646 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00128.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100005 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishnan, SG Goldenberg, S Quirino, T Zhang, XJ Marks, F Yeh, KS Atlas, R Tallapragada, V AF Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G. Goldenberg, Stanley Quirino, Thiago Zhang, Xuejin Marks, Frank, Jr. Yeh, Kao-San Atlas, Robert Tallapragada, Vijay TI Toward Improving High-Resolution Numerical Hurricane Forecasting: Influence of Model Horizontal Grid Resolution, Initialization, and Physics SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CYCLONE RAPID INTENSIFICATION; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; INNER-CORE STRUCTURES; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; ANDREW 1992; TROPICAL CYCLONES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SIMULATION; SYSTEM; ATLANTIC AB This paper provides an account of the performance of an experimental version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting system (HWRFX) for 87 cases of Atlantic tropical cyclones during the 2005, 2007, and 2009 hurricane seasons. The HWRFX system was used to study the influence of model grid resolution, initial conditions, and physics. For each case, the model was run to produce 126 h of forecast with two versions of horizontal resolution, namely, (i) a parent domain at a resolution of about 27 km with a 9-km moving nest (27:9) and (ii) a parent domain at a resolution of 9 km with a 3-km moving nest (9:3). The former was selected to be consistent with the current operational resolution, while the latter is the first step in testing the impact of finer resolutions for future versions of the operational model. The two configurations were run with initial conditions for tropical cyclones obtained from the operational Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and HWRF models. Sensitivity experiments were also conducted with the physical parameterization scheme. The study shows that the 9:3 HWRFX system using the GFDL initial conditions and a system of physics similar to the operational version (HWRF) provides the best results in terms of both track and intensity prediction. Use of the HWRF initial conditions in the HWRFX model provides reasonable skill, particularly when used in cases with initially strong storms (hurricane strength). However, initially weak storms (below hurricane strength) posed special challenges for the models. For the weaker storm cases, none of the predictions from the HWRFX runs or the operational GFDL forecasts provided any consistent improvement when compared to the operational Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme with an inland decay component (DSHIPS). C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G.; Goldenberg, Stanley; Quirino, Thiago; Marks, Frank, Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Xuejin; Yeh, Kao-San] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Gopalakrishnan, SG (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Sundararaman.G.Gopalakrishnan@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014; Goldenberg, Stanley/C-5965-2014; Quirino, Thiago/H-4903-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X; Goldenberg, Stanley/0000-0001-6730-5819; Quirino, Thiago/0000-0001-8966-2542 FU NOAA FX The authors acknowledge funding from NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project that supported this work. The model was primarily developed at NCEP. The first author wishes to acknowledge several of the scientists at NCEP for their help during the development of this modeling system. The authors wish to thank Gail Derr, Lisa Bucci, Drs. Robert Rogers, and Tomislava Vukicevic, as well as the two anonymous reviewers (who provided very detailed reviews), for providing useful comments on improving the original version of this manuscript. NR 61 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 647 EP 666 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00055.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100006 ER PT J AU Coniglio, MC AF Coniglio, Michael C. TI Verification of RUC 0-1-h Forecasts and SPC Mesoscale Analyses Using VORTEX2 Soundings SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; SUPERCELL; IMPACT; MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; PARAMETERS AB This study uses radiosonde observations obtained during the second phase of the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) to verify base-state variables and severe-weather-related parameters calculated from Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) analyses and 1-h forecasts, as well as those calculated from the operational surface objective analysis system used at the Storm Prediction Center (the SFCOA). The rapid growth in temperature, humidity, and wind errors from 0 to 1 h seen at all levels in a past RUC verification study by Benjamin et al. is not seen in the present study. This could be because the verification observations are also assimilated into the RUC in the Benjamin et al. study, whereas the verification observations in the present study are not. In the upper troposphere, the present study shows large errors in relative humidity, mostly related to a large moist bias. The planetary boundary layer tends to be too shallow in the RUC analyses and 1-h forecasts. Wind speeds tend to be too fast in the lowest 1 km and too slow in the 2-4-km layer. RUC and SECOA 1-h forecast errors for many important severe weather parameters are large relative to their potential impact on convective evolution. However, the SFCOA significantly improves upon the biases seen in most of the 1-h RUC forecasts for the base-state surface variables and most of the other severe-weather-related parameters, indicating that the SECOA has a more significant impact in reducing the biases in the 1-h RUC forecasts than on the root-mean-squared errors. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Rm 2234,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov FU NOAA; National Science Foundation FX The author thanks Phillip Bothwell and John Hart of the SPC, who provided the SFCOA gridded data and helpful comments. We also thank the science support ataff of the SPC, particularly Andy Dean and Jay Liang. I also want to acknowledge the VORTEX2 sounding teams whose hard work at home and in the field allowed for this study to be made (the teams were led by Dr. George Bryan and Dr. Matt Parker). Finally, the author greatly appreciates the financial support for VORTEX2 provided by NOAA and the National Science Foundation. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 667 EP 683 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00096.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100007 ER PT J AU Yan, BH Weng, FZ AF Yan, Banghua Weng, Fuzhong TI Assimilation of F-16 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder Data in the NCEP Global Forecast System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; EMISSION MODEL; SATELLITE; SNOW; RETRIEVALS; RADIANCES; IMAGER; IMPACT AB The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-16 satellite is the first conically scanning sounding instrument that provides information on atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles. The SSMIS data were preprocessed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) using its Unified Preprocessor Package (UPP) and then distributed to the numerical weather prediction centers by the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC). This dataset was assimilated into the Global Forecast System (GFS) using gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI). The initial assimilation of the SSMIS data into the GFS did not improve the medium-range (5-7 days) forecast skill. The SSMIS bias (O-B) still changes with location and time after the GSI bias-correction scheme is implemented. This bias characteristic is related to residual calibration errors in the correction of the SSMIS antenna emission and warm target contamination. The large O-B standard deviation is probably due to the large instrument noise in the SSMIS UPP data. The large O-B and its standard deviation for several surface sensitive channels are also caused by uncertainty in surface emissivity. In this study, a new scheme is developed to remove regionally dependent bias using a weekly composite O-B. The SSMIS noise is reduced through a Gaussian function filter. A new emissivity database for snow and sea ice is developed for the SSMIS surface sensitive channels. After applying these algorithms, the quality of the SSMIS low-atmospheric sounding (LAS) data is improved; the surface-sensitive channels can be effectively assimilated, and the impacts of SSMIS LAS data on the medium-range forecast in the GFS are positive and similar to those from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) data. C1 [Yan, Banghua] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Satellite & Prod Operat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yan, BH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Satellite & Prod Operat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 510, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM banghua.yan@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX This research is jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Project 2010CB951600 and the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation Program. The authors thank Drs. Russ Treadon and John Derber for their help in running the NCEP GFS and GSI experiments. Thanks also go to Gregory S. Krasowski for his help in preparing for the UPP data. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 700 EP 714 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00062.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100009 ER PT J AU Trahan, S Sparling, L AF Trahan, Sam Sparling, Lynn TI An Analysis of NCEP Tropical Cyclone Vitals and Potential Effects on Forecasting Models SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE AB This study analyzes the Tropical Cyclone Vitals Database (TCVitals), which contains cyclone location, intensity, and structure information, generated in real time by forecasters. These data are used to initialize cyclones in several NCEP operational forecasting models via bogusing and vortex relocation methods. In many situations, time is of the essence and the TCVitals database represents the best real-time estimate of the cyclone state possible in real time, given the limitations of available data and time constraints inherent in real-time forecasting. NCEP and other users of TCVitals have a responsibility to work around the inevitable limitations of what forecasters can do for TCVitals in real time. With ensemble systems becoming available, a way to do that will soon be available. However, the TCVitals' limitations must first be quantitatively understood so that model developers can take them into account. That is the motivation for the present study, which compares the TCVitals storm location and intensity to postseason reanalysis values found in the best-track database and statistically compares the TCVitals storm depth to 946 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) overpasses. All storms of tropical depression strength or stronger in all basins are analyzed, with a special focus on National Hurricane Center TCVitals for the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins, the main areas of responsibility for NCEP. In addition, the sensitivity to TCVitals on the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model is examined by rerunning the 2011 HWRF for the 2010 North Atlantic season twice: once with TCVitals input and once with best-track input. C1 [Trahan, Sam] NOAA, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Trahan, Sam; Sparling, Lynn] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Trahan, S (reprint author), NOAA, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM samtrahan@samtrahan.com NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 744 EP 756 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00063.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100012 ER PT J AU Bikos, D Lindsey, DT Otkin, J Sieglaff, J Grasso, L Siewert, C Correia, J Coniglio, M Rabin, R Kain, JS Dembek, S AF Bikos, Dan Lindsey, Daniel T. Otkin, Jason Sieglaff, Justin Grasso, Louie Siewert, Chris Correia, James, Jr. Coniglio, Michael Rabin, Robert Kain, John S. Dembek, Scott TI Synthetic Satellite Imagery for Real-Time High-Resolution Model Evaluation SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; CLOUDS; FIELDS; SPACE; PARAMETERIZATION; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION AB Output from a real-time high-resolution numerical model is used to generate synthetic infrared satellite imagery. It is shown that this imagery helps to characterize model-simulated large-scale precursors to the formation of deep-convective storms as well as the subsequent development of storm systems. A strategy for using this imagery in the forecasting of severe convective weather is presented. This strategy involves comparing model-simulated precursors to their observed counterparts to help anticipate model errors in the timing and location of storm formation, while using the simulated storm evolution as guidance. C1 [Bikos, Dan; Grasso, Louie] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Otkin, Jason; Sieglaff, Justin; Rabin, Robert] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Siewert, Chris; Correia, James, Jr.; Dembek, Scott] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Coniglio, Michael; Rabin, Robert; Kain, John S.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Bikos, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bikos@cira.colostate.edu RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012; Correia, Jr, James/A-9455-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845; Correia, Jr, James/0000-0003-1092-8999; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA090AR4320074, NA10NES4400013] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grants NA090AR4320074 and NA10NES4400013. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00130.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100015 ER PT J AU Gallo, K Smith, T Jungbluth, K Schumacher, P AF Gallo, Kevin Smith, Travis Jungbluth, Karl Schumacher, Philip TI Hail Swaths Observed from Satellite Data and Their Relation to Radar and Surface-Based Observations: A Case Study from Iowa in 2009 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE TRACKS; STORM AB Several storms produced extensive hail damage over Iowa on 9 August 2009. The hail associated with these supercells was observed with radar data, reported by surface observers, and the resulting hail swaths were identified within satellite data. This study includes an initial assessment of cross validation of several radar-derived products and surface observations with satellite data for this storm event. Satellite-derived vegetation index data appear to be a useful product for cross validation of surface-based reports and radar-derived products associated with severe hail damage events. Satellite imagery acquired after the storm event indicated that decreased vegetation index values corresponded to locations of surface reported damage. The areal extent of decreased vegetation index values also corresponded to the spatial extent of the storms as characterized by analysis of radar data. While additional analyses are required and encouraged, these initial results suggest that satellite data of vegetated land surfaces are useful for cross validation of surface and radar-based observations of hail swaths and associated severe weather. C1 [Gallo, Kevin] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Smith, Travis] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Smith, Travis] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK USA. [Jungbluth, Karl] NOAA, NWS, Des Moines Weather Forecast Off, Johnston, IA USA. [Schumacher, Philip] NOAA, NWS, Sioux Falls Weather Forecast Off, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Gallo, K (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 FU NOAA GOES-R FX This study was partially supported by the NOAA GOES-R program. The manuscript's contents do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 796 EP 802 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00118.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960IV UT WOS:000305382100016 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM AF Phillips, Melissa M. TI Analytical approaches to determination of total choline in foods and dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Choline; Food; Dietary supplement ID INFANT FORMULA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MILK; PRODUCTS; BIOSENSOR; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; QUANTITATION; DETECTOR AB Choline is a quaternary amine that is synthesized in the body or consumed through the diet. Choline is critical for cell membrane structure and function and in synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Although the human body produces this micronutrient, dietary supplementation of choline is necessary for good health. The major challenge in the analysis of choline in foods and dietary supplements is in the extraction and/or hydrolysis approach. In many products, choline is present as choline esters, which can be quantitated individually or treated with acid, base, or enzymes in order to release choline ions for analysis. A critical review of approaches based on extraction and quantitation of each choline ester as well as hydrolysis-based methods for determination of total choline in foods and dietary supplements is presented. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov RI Phillips, Melissa/E-8030-2013 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 403 IS 8 BP 2103 EP 2112 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5652-5 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 956ZD UT WOS:000305127200005 PM 22286077 ER PT J AU Schiel, JE Au, J He, HJ Phinney, KW AF Schiel, John E. Au, Jennifer He, Hua-Jun Phinney, Karen W. TI LC-MS/MS biopharmaceutical glycoanalysis: identification of desirable reference material characteristics SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biopharmaceutical; Glycoprotein; Glycan; Mass spectrometry; Standards; Reference material ID N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRUCTURAL ASSIGNMENT; NONSPECIFIC PROTEASES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; GLYCOPEPTIDES; GLYCOMICS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB Glycosylation, the enzymatic addition of carbohydrates to a protein, is one of the most abundant post-translational modifications found in nature. There is variability in the number, location, and identity of glycans attached. As a result, a glycoprotein consists of a number of glycoforms with different combinations of glycans, potentially resulting in different stability, toxicity, and activity. This is especially important in the biopharmaceutical industry where product consistency and safety are vital. Glycoprotein analysis involves numerous mass spectrometry based techniques, each of which provides various aspects of characterization. The current paper describes two commonly used analytical techniques for glycoprotein characterization. In one experiment, nonspecific proteolysis is combined with a two-tiered mass spectrometry approach (MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS) to gain glycosylation site and glycan identity. In a second approach, glycans were enzymatically released, labeled with a fluorescent dye, and analyzed using LC-Fluorescence-MS/MS to give glycan identification and relative quantification. The type and degree of information yielded by each method is assessed in an effort to identify desired reference material characteristics for improving biopharmaceutical glycoanalysis. C1 [Schiel, John E.; Au, Jennifer; He, Hua-Jun; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schiel, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.schiel@nist.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 403 IS 8 BP 2279 EP 2289 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-5749-5 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 956ZD UT WOS:000305127200019 PM 22354569 ER PT J AU Hicken, M Challis, P Kirshner, RP Rest, A Cramer, CE Wood-Vasey, WM Bakos, G Berlind, P Brown, WR Caldwell, N Calkins, M Currie, T de Kleer, K Esquerdo, G Everett, M Falco, E Fernandez, J Friedman, AS Groner, T Hartman, J Holman, MJ Hutchins, R Keys, S Kipping, D Latham, D Marion, GH Narayan, G Pahre, M Pal, A Peters, W Perumpilly, G Ripman, B Sipocz, B Szentgyorgyi, A Tang, SM Torres, MAP Vaz, A Wolk, S Zezas, A AF Hicken, Malcolm Challis, Peter Kirshner, Robert P. Rest, Armin Cramer, Claire E. Wood-Vasey, W. Michael Bakos, Gaspar Berlind, Perry Brown, Warren R. Caldwell, Nelson Calkins, Mike Currie, Thayne de Kleer, Kathy Esquerdo, Gil Everett, Mark Falco, Emilio Fernandez, Jose Friedman, Andrew S. Groner, Ted Hartman, Joel Holman, Matthew J. Hutchins, Robert Keys, Sonia Kipping, David Latham, Dave Marion, George H. Narayan, Gautham Pahre, Michael Pal, Andras Peters, Wayne Perumpilly, Gopakumar Ripman, Ben Sipocz, Brigitta Szentgyorgyi, Andrew Tang, Sumin Torres, Manuel A. P. Vaz, Amali Wolk, Scott Zezas, Andreas TI CfA4: LIGHT CURVES FOR 94 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DARK-ENERGY CONSTRAINTS; PHOTOMETRY DATA RELEASE; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; LUMINOSITY INDICATORS; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; HOST GALAXIES; CONSTANT; MAGNITUDES; UNIVERSE AB We present multi-band optical photometry of 94 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the redshift range 0.0055-0.073, obtained between 2006 and 2011. There are a total of 5522 light-curve points. We show that our natural-system SN photometry has a precision of less than or similar to 0.03 mag in BV r'i', less than or similar to 0.06 mag in u', and less than or similar to 0.07 mag in U for points brighter than 17.5 mag and estimate that it has a systematic uncertainty of 0.014, 0.010, 0.012, 0.014, 0.046, and 0.073 mag in BV r'i'u'U, respectively. Comparisons of our standard-system photometry with published SN Ia light curves and comparison stars reveal mean agreement across samples in the range of similar to 0.00-0.03 mag. We discuss the recent measurements of our telescope-plus-detector throughput by direct monochromatic illumination by Cramer et al. This technique measures the whole optical path through the telescope, auxiliary optics, filters, and detector under the same conditions used to make SN measurements. Extremely well characterized natural-system passbands (both in wavelength and over time) are crucial for the next generation of SN Ia photometry to reach the 0.01 mag accuracy level. The current sample of low-z SNe Ia is now sufficiently large to remove most of the statistical sampling error from the dark-energy error budget. But pursuing the dark-energy systematic errors by determining highly accurate detector passbands, combining optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry and spectra, using the nearby sample to illuminate the population properties of SNe Ia, and measuring the local departures from the Hubble flow will benefit from larger, carefully measured nearby samples. C1 [Hicken, Malcolm; Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.; Bakos, Gaspar; Berlind, Perry; Brown, Warren R.; Caldwell, Nelson; Calkins, Mike; Falco, Emilio; Fernandez, Jose; Friedman, Andrew S.; Groner, Ted; Hartman, Joel; Holman, Matthew J.; Hutchins, Robert; Keys, Sonia; Kipping, David; Latham, Dave; Marion, George H.; Narayan, Gautham; Pahre, Michael; Pal, Andras; Peters, Wayne; Ripman, Ben; Sipocz, Brigitta; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Tang, Sumin; Torres, Manuel A. P.; Wolk, Scott; Zezas, Andreas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rest, Armin] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cramer, Claire E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wood-Vasey, W. Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Bakos, Gaspar; Hartman, Joel] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Currie, Thayne] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [de Kleer, Kathy] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Esquerdo, Gil; Everett, Mark] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Perumpilly, Gopakumar] Univ S Dakota, Dept Phys, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Vaz, Amali] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hicken, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mhicken@cfa.harvard.edu RI Friedman, Andrew/I-4691-2013; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Friedman, Andrew/0000-0003-1334-039X; Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Narayan, Gautham/0000-0001-6022-0484; Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166 FU NSF [AST0606772, AST0907903] FX We thank the staff at FLWO for their dedicated work in maintaining the 1.2 m telescope and instruments. We also thank M. Stritzinger, W. Li, and M. Ganeshalingam for help in comparing the CfA4 sample with the CSP2 and LOSS samples. Finally, we appreciate discussions with K. Mandel. This work has been supported, in part, by NSF grants AST0606772 and AST0907903 to Harvard University. NR 72 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 200 IS 2 AR 12 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/200/2/12 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 956KH UT WOS:000305088000002 ER PT J AU Mendelssohn, IA Andersen, GL Baltz, DM Caffey, RH Carman, KR Fleeger, JW Joye, SB Lin, QX Maltby, E Overton, EB Rozas, LP AF Mendelssohn, Irving A. Andersen, Gary L. Baltz, Donald M. Caffey, Rex H. Carman, Kevin R. Fleeger, John W. Joye, Samantha B. Lin, Qianxin Maltby, Edward Overton, Edward B. Rozas, Lawrence P. TI Oil Impacts on Coastal Wetlands: Implications for the Mississippi River Delta Ecosystem after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wetlands; environmental science; ecology; coastal ecosystems; microbiology ID LOUISIANA BRACKISH MARSH; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT-MARSH; CRUDE-OIL; HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATION; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; VEGETATION; PETROLEUM; RECOVERY; CONSEQUENCES AB On 20 April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon explosion, which released a US government estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico, was responsible for the death of 11 oil workers and, possibly, for an environmental disaster unparalleled in US history. For 87 consecutive days, the Macondo well continuously released crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Many kilometers of shoreline in the northern Gulf of Mexico were affected, including the fragile and ecologically important wetlands of Louisiana's Mississippi River Delta ecosystem. These wetlands are responsible for a third of the nation's fish production and, ironically, help to protect an energy infrastructure that provides a third of the nation's oil and gas supply. Here, we provide a basic overview of the chemistry and biology of oil spills in coastal wetlands and an assessment of the potential and realized effects on the ecological condition of the Mississippi River Delta and its associated flora and fauna. C1 [Mendelssohn, Irving A.; Baltz, Donald M.; Lin, Qianxin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Andersen, Gary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Caffey, Rex H.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Carman, Kevin R.; Fleeger, John W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Joye, Samantha B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Maltby, Edward] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Overton, Edward B.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Mendelssohn, IA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM imendel@lsu.edu RI Fleeger, John/A-6215-2013; Baltz, Donald/A-9374-2009; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X FU Gulf Research Initiative; Northern Gulf Institute; Louisiana Sea Grant Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program; National Science Foundation; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy FX This review was made possible through support from the Gulf Research Initiative to Louisiana State University (to IAM, QL, KRC, and JWF); from the Northern Gulf Institute (to IAM and QL); from the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the US Department of Commerce (to IAM, QL, and EM, who is a Sea Grant Laborde Endowed Chair); from the National Science Foundation (to SBJ); and from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the US Department of Energy (to GLA). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA or any other federal, state, or private agency. NR 65 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 12 U2 177 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 2012 VL 62 IS 6 BP 562 EP 574 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.6.7 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 958TB UT WOS:000305262500007 ER PT J AU Benson, JD Kearsley, AJ Higgins, AZ AF Benson, James D. Kearsley, Anthony J. Higgins, Adam Z. TI Mathematical optimization of procedures for cryoprotectant equilibration using a toxicity cost function SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryopreservation; Vitrification; Optimization; Cryoprotectant; Toxicity; Oocyte ID OSMOTICALLY INACTIVE VOLUME; HUMAN OOCYTES; MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; CRYOPRESERVATION; VITRIFICATION; GLYCEROL; EMBRYOS; REPLACEMENT AB Cryopreservation nearly universally depends on the equilibration of cells and tissues with high concentrations of permeating chemicals known as cryoprotective agents, or CPAs. Despite their protective properties, CPAs can cause damage as a result of osmotically-driven cell volume changes, as well as chemical toxicity. In this study, we have used previously published data to determine a toxicity cost function, a quantity that represents the cumulative damage caused by toxicity. We then used this cost function to define and numerically solve the optimal control problem for CPA equilibration, using human oocytes as representative cell type with high clinical relevance. The resulting toxicity-optimal procedures are predicted to yield significantly less toxicity than conventional stepwise procedures. In particular, our results show that toxicity is minimized during CPA addition by inducing the cell to swell to its maximum tolerable volume and then loading it with CPA while in the swollen state. This counterintuitive result is considerably different from the conventional stepwise strategy, which involves exposure to successively higher CPA concentrations in order to avoid excessive shrinkage. The procedures identified in the present study have the potential to significantly reduce damage due to toxicity and warrant further investigation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Higgins, Adam Z.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Benson, James D.; Kearsley, Anthony J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Higgins, AZ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, 102 Gleeson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM adam.higgins@oregonstate.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council FX J.D. Benson was supported by a National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council postdoctoral associateship. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD JUN PY 2012 VL 64 IS 3 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.01.001 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 957MP UT WOS:000305167400002 PM 22248796 ER PT J AU Lass, EA AF Lass, Eric A. TI Hydrogen storage in rapidly solidified and crystallized Mg-Ni-(Y,La)-Pd alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Mg-based alloy; Hydrogen storage; Metal hydride; Nanocrystalline material; Metallic glass ID MAGNESIUM; HYDRIDE AB Amorphous-crystalline composite ribbons of quaternary Mg-Ni-(Y,La)-Pd alloys are produced via rapidly solidification and used as precursors for creating nanocrystalline hydrogen storage materials. The resulting materials demonstrate relatively high hydrogen capacity of around 4.5 mass% H and excellent absorption/desorption kinetics at 573 K. Additionally, the alloys demonstrate reversible hydrogen storage at 473 K. A composition of Mg85Ni10Y2.5Pd2.5 fully absorbs and desorbs 4.6 mass% H in 90 min. The cyclability of the quaternary alloys demonstrates good stability, with little loss in maximum capacity through 8-10 cycles. This has been attributed to the improved stability of the nanocrystalline structure attained via the Y and La additions. Thermodynamically, the enthalpy of the hydrogen absorption reaction is reduced by 5 kJ/mol in the quaternary alloys, compared to Mg-MgH2; while the entropy of reaction is also reduced. Copyright (C) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. RP Lass, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. EM eric.lass@nist.gov RI Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014 FU National Research Council under the NIST/NRC FX The author would like to thank the National Research Council for support under the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 12 BP 9716 EP 9721 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.096 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 956RH UT WOS:000305106300029 ER PT J AU Wolfe, JP Snider, JR AF Wolfe, Jonathan P. Snider, Jefferson R. TI A Relationship between Reflectivity and Snow Rate for a High-Altitude S-Band Radar SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE ELEVATION ANGLES; MOUNTAINTOP WSR-88DS; PRECIPITATION GAUGE; SIZE SPECTRA; ICE; CLOUD; STORMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ACCUMULATION; AGGREGATION AB An important application of radar reflectivity measurements is their interpretation as precipitation intensity. Empirical relationships exist for converting microwave backscatter retrieved from precipitation particles (represented by an equivalent reflectivity factor Z(e)) to precipitation intensity. The reflectivity-snow-rate relationship has the form Z(e) = alpha S-beta, where S is a liquid-equivalent snow rate and alpha and beta are fitted coefficients. Substantial uncertainty exists in radar-derived values of snow rate because the reflectivity and intensity associated with snow tend to be smaller than those for rain and because of snow-particle drift between radar and surface detection. Uncertainty in radar-derived snow rate is especially evident at the few available high-altitude sites for which a relationship between reflectivity and snow rate has been developed. Using a new type of precipitation sensor and a National Weather Service radar, this work investigates the Z(e)-S relationship at a high-altitude site (Cheyenne, Wyoming). The S measurements were made 25 km northwest of the radar on the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains; vertical separation between the radar range gate and the ground was Less than 700 m. A meteorological feature of the snowstorms was northeasterly upslope flow of humid air at low levels. The Z(e)-S data pairs were fitted with beta = 2. The finding of this study for Cheyenne, alpha = 110 mm(4) h(2) m(-3), is bounded by previous determinations made at other high-altitude National Weather Service sites. Also investigated was the temperature dependence of alpha. A positive alpha-T relationship is evident and is hypothesized to result from ice crystals produced by heterogeneous ice nucleation, at cloud top, followed by diffusional crystal growth during sedimentation. C1 [Snider, Jefferson R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Dept 3038, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wolfe, Jonathan P.] Natl Weather Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Snider, JR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Dept 3038, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jsnider@uwyo.edu RI Snider, Jefferson/F-9175-2016 OI Snider, Jefferson/0000-0002-9318-1343 FU Wyoming Water Development Commission [WWDC49564]; U.S. Department of Interior [DOIUSGS43613PRE]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0650609] FX We are indebted to Sam Haimov and Bart Geerts for the benefit of several discussions and especially for their assistance with our analysis of the WSR dataset. The advice of David Leon and two anonymous reviewers helped to sharpen the presentation; we appreciate their persistence. Our field measurements would not have been possible without the expert technical assistance provided by Matt Burkhart. Support from Grants WWDC49564 (Wyoming Water Development Commission) and DOIUSGS43613PRE (U.S. Department of Interior) is gratefully acknowledged. Also, J. Snider's involvement in the analysis phase of the project was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant ATM-0650609. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1111 EP 1128 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0112.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 959KA UT WOS:000305310100009 ER PT J AU Heidinger, AK Evan, AT Foster, MJ Walther, A AF Heidinger, Andrew K. Evan, Amato T. Foster, Michael J. Walther, Andi TI A Naive Bayesian Cloud-Detection Scheme Derived from CALIPSO and Applied within PATMOS-x SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE RETRIEVAL; PART I; MODIS; RADIANCES; MASK AB The naive Bayesian methodology has been applied to the challenging problem of cloud detection with NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). An analysis of collocated NOAA-18/AVHRR and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)/Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations was used to automatically and globally derive the Bayesian classifiers. The resulting algorithm used six Bayesian classifiers computed separately for seven surface types. Relative to CALIPSO, the final results show a probability of correct detection of roughly 90% over water, deserts, and snow-free land; 82% over the Arctic; and below 80% over the Antarctic. This technique is applied within the NOAA Pathfinder Atmosphere's Extended (PATMOS-x) climate dataset and the Clouds from AVHRR Extended (CLAVR-x) real-time product generation system. Comparisons of the PATMOS-x results with those from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) indicate close agreement with zonal mean differences in cloud amount being less than 5% over most zones. Most areas of difference coincided with regions where the Bayesian cloud mask reported elevated uncertainties. The ability to report uncertainties is a critical component of this approach. C1 [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Evan, Amato T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Foster, Michael J.; Walther, Andi] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Heidinger, AK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM andrew.heidinger@noaa.gov RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 19 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1144 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-02.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 959KA UT WOS:000305310100010 ER PT J AU Baum, BA Menzel, WP Frey, RA Tobin, DC Holz, RE Ackerman, SA Heidinger, AK Yang, P AF Baum, Bryan A. Menzel, W. Paul Frey, Richard A. Tobin, David C. Holz, Robert E. Ackerman, Steve A. Heidinger, Andrew K. Yang, Ping TI MODIS Cloud-Top Property Refinements for Collection 6 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PART I; PHASE; INFORMATION; RETRIEVALS; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; TEMPERATURE; IMPROVEMENT AB This paper summarizes the Collection-6 refinements in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MOD'S) operational cloud-top properties algorithm. The focus is on calibration improvements and on cloud macrophysical properties including cloud-top pressure-temperature-height and cloud thermodynamic phase. The cloud phase is based solely on infrared band measurements. In addition, new parameters will be provided in Collection 6, including cloud-top height and a flag for clouds near the tropopause. The cloud parameters are improved primarily through 1) improved knowledge of the spectral response functions for the MODIS 15-mu m carbon dioxide bands gleaned from comparison of coincident MODIS and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiance measurements and 2) continual comparison of global MODIS and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) instantaneous cloud products throughout the course of algorithm refinement. Whereas the cloud-top macrophysical parameters were provided through Collection 5 solely at 5-km spatial resolution, these parameters will be available additionally at 1-km spatial resolution in Collection 6. C1 [Baum, Bryan A.; Menzel, W. Paul; Frey, Richard A.; Tobin, David C.; Holz, Robert E.; Ackerman, Steve A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Baum, BA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bryan.baum@ssec.wisc.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NASA [NNX11AH62G] FX This work is funded through NASA Grant NNX11AH62G. The team at the Atmosphere PEATE was instrumental in providing computational and logistical support; we are grateful for their contributions. We thank Fred Nagle for developing the software to collocate data between the various A-Train sensors. The authors also acknowledge the three reviewers who provided invaluable comments that helped us improve the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 35 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1163 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0203.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 959KA UT WOS:000305310100011 ER PT J AU Lei, L Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ Palmer, R Cheong, BL Xue, M Cao, Q Li, YG AF Lei, Lei Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. Palmer, Robert Cheong, Boon Leng Xue, Ming Cao, Qing Li, Yinguang TI Multilag Correlation Estimators for Polarimetric Radar Measurements in the Presence of Noise SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; DOPPLER SPECTRA; PART I; WSR-88D; MODEL AB The quality of polarimetric radar data degrades as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases. This substantially limits the usage of collected polarimetric radar data to high SNR regions. To improve data quality at low SNRs, multilag correlation estimators are introduced. The performance of the multilag estimators for spectral moments and polarimetric parameters is examined through a theoretical analysis and by the use of simulated data. The biases and standard deviations of the estimates are calculated and compared with those estimates obtained using the conventional method. C1 [Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.; Palmer, Robert; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.; Palmer, Robert; Li, Yinguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu; Palmer, Robert; Cheong, Boon Leng; Cao, Qing; Li, Yinguang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zhang, GF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Suite 5900,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM guzhang1@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Cao, Qing/0000-0001-6660-3566 FU NOAA [NA08OAR4320904]; NSF [AGS-1046171] FX The work was supported by NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320904 and NSF Grant AGS-1046171. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reviews and suggestive comments. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 29 IS 6 BP 772 EP 795 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00010.1 PG 24 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958WQ UT WOS:000305272100002 ER PT J AU Torres, SM Curtis, CD AF Torres, Sebastian M. Curtis, Christopher D. TI The Impact of Signal Processing on the Range-Weighting Function for Weather Radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFLECTIVITY GRADIENTS; SPECTRAL MOMENT; SIMULATION AB The range-weighting function (RWF) determines how individual scatterer contributions are weighted as a function of range to produce the meteorological data associated with a single resolution volume. The RWF is commonly defined in terms of the transmitter pulse envelope and the receiver filter impulse response, and it determines the radar range resolution. However, the effective RWF also depends on the range-time processing involved in producing estimates of meteorological variables. This is a third contributor to the RWF that has become more significant in recent years as advanced range-time processing techniques have become feasible for real-time implementation on modern radar systems. In this work, a new formulation of the RWF for weather radars that incorporates the impact of signal processing is proposed. Following the derivation based on a general signal processing model, typical scenarios are used to illustrate the variety of RWFs that can result from different range-time signal processing techniques. Finally, the RWF is used to measure range resolution and the range correlation of meteorological data. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM sebastian.torres@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors thank Dick Doviak, Dusan Zrnic, Igor Ivic, and three anonymous reviewers for providing very useful comments that helped improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 29 IS 6 BP 796 EP 806 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00135.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958WQ UT WOS:000305272100003 ER PT J AU DiNapoli, SM Bourassa, MA Powell, MD AF DiNapoli, Steven M. Bourassa, Mark A. Powell, Mark D. TI Uncertainty and Intercalibration Analysis of H*Wind SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE ANDREW LANDFALL; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; SOUTH FLORIDA; SURFACE WINDS; PART II; PROFILES; FIELDS; MODEL; INITIALIZATION; DROPWINDSONDE AB The Hurricane Research Division (HRD) Real-time Hurricane Wind Analysis System (H*Wind) is a software application used by NOAA's HRD to create a gridded tropical cyclone wind analysis based on a wide range of observations. These analyses are used in both forecasting and research applications. Although mean bias and RMS errors are listed, H*Wind lacks robust uncertainty information that considers the contributions of random observation errors, relative biases between observation types, temporal drift resulting from combining nonsimultaneous measurements into a single analysis, and smoothing and interpolation errors introduced by the H*Wind analysis. This investigation seeks to estimate the total contributions of these sources, and thereby provide an overall uncertainty estimate for the H*Wind product. A series of statistical analyses show that in general, the total uncertainty in the H*Wind product in hurricanes is approximately 6% near the storm center, increasing to nearly 13% near the tropical storm force wind radius. The H*Wind analysis algorithm is found to introduce a positive bias to the wind speeds near the storm center, where the analyzed wind speeds are enhanced to match the highest observations. In addition, spectral analyses are performed to ensure that the filter wavelength of the final analysis product matches user specifications. With increased knowledge of bias and uncertainty sources and their effects, researchers will have a better understanding of the uncertainty in the H*Wind product and can then judge the suitability of H*Wind for various research applications. C1 [DiNapoli, Steven M.; Bourassa, Mark A.; Powell, Mark D.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [DiNapoli, Steven M.; Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Powell, Mark D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP DiNapoli, SM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, 2035 E Paul Dirac Dr,200 RM Johnson Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM sdinapoli@coaps.fsu.edu RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 FU NASA OVWST FX We thank Drs. Eric Uhlhorn and Bradley Klotz from NOAA/AOML's Hurricane Research Division for taking time to talk with us and share their knowledge of common observational biases, as well as Shirley Murillo, Sonia Otero, and Bachir Annane for assistance with H*Wind. We would also like to acknowledge funding support through the NASA OVWST. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 29 IS 6 BP 822 EP 833 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00165.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958WQ UT WOS:000305272100005 ER PT J AU Morrissey, ML Diamond, HJ McPhaden, MJ Freitag, HP Greene, JS AF Morrissey, Mark L. Diamond, Howard J. McPhaden, Michael J. Freitag, H. Paul Greene, J. Scott TI An Investigation of the Consistency of TAO-TRITON Buoy-Mounted Capacitance Rain Gauges SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; GROUND-VALIDATION; SATELLITE; TROPICS; ERROR AB The common use of remotely located, buoy-mounted capacitance rain gauges in the tropical oceans for satellite rainfall verification studies provides motivation for an in situ gauge bias assessment. A comparison of the biases in rainfall catchment between Pacific island tipping-bucket rain gauges and capacitance rain gauges mounted on moored buoys in the tropical Pacific is conducted using the relationship between the fractional time in rain and monthly rainfall. This study utilizes the widespread spatial homogeneity of this relationship in the tropics to assess the rain catchment of both types of gauges at given values for the fractional time in rain. The results indicate that the capacitance gauges are not statistically significantly biased relative to the island-based tipping-bucket gauges. In addition, given the relatively small error bounds about the bias estimates any real bias differences among all the tested gauges are likely to be quite small compared to monthly rainfall totals. Underestimates resulting from wind biases, which may be substantial, are not documented in this paper. C1 [Morrissey, Mark L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Diamond, Howard J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.; Freitag, H. Paul] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Greene, J. Scott] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Morrissey, ML (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM mmorriss@ou.edu RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA's Climate Observations & Monitoring Program Grant [105-140500] FX The authors would like thank Mr. Reginald White, Director of the Majuro, U. S. NWS WSO for providing important information on the tipping-bucket gauge located in Majuro. The tropical moored buoy arrays, as well as the work of MJM and HPF, are supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office. This work was funded by NOAA's Climate Observations & Monitoring Program Grant 105-140500. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 29 IS 6 BP 834 EP 845 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00171.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958WQ UT WOS:000305272100006 ER PT J AU Popp, JR Roberts, JJ Gallagher, DV Anseth, KS Bryant, SJ Quinn, TP AF Popp, Jenni R. Roberts, Justine J. Gallagher, Doug V. Anseth, Kristi S. Bryant, Stephanie J. Quinn, Timothy P. TI An Instrumented Bioreactor for Mechanical Stimulation and Real-Time, Nondestructive Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage Tissue SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; glycosaminoglycan; compression; tissue engineering ID BOVINE ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; IN-VITRO; ULTRASOUND INDENTATION; COMPRESSIVE STRAINS; PEG HYDROGELS; DEGRADATION; AGAROSE; QUANTITATION; ATTENUATION; METABOLISM AB Mechanical stimulation is essential for chondrocyte metabolism and cartilage matrix deposition. Traditional methods for evaluating developing tissue in vitro are destructive, time consuming, and expensive. Nondestructive evaluation of engineered tissue is promising for the development of replacement tissues. Here we present a novel instrumented bioreactor for dynamic mechanical stimulation and nondestructive evaluation of tissue mechanical properties and extracellular matrix (ECM) content. The bioreactor is instrumented with a video microscope and load cells in each well to measure tissue stiffness and an ultrasonic transducer for evaluating ECM content. Chondrocyte-laden hydrogel constructs were placed in the bioreactor and subjected to dynamic intermittent compression at 1 Hz and 10% strain for 1 h, twice per day for 7 days. Compressive modulus of the constructs, measured online in the bioreactor and offline on a mechanical testing machine, did not significantly change over time. Deposition of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) increased significantly after 7 days, independent of loading. Furthermore, the relative reflection amplitude of the loaded constructs decreased significantly after 7 days, consistent with an increase in sGAG content. This preliminary work with our novel bioreactor demonstrates its capabilities for dynamic culture and nondestructive evaluation. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006546] C1 [Popp, Jenni R.; Gallagher, Doug V.; Quinn, Timothy P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Roberts, Justine J.; Anseth, Kristi S.; Bryant, Stephanie J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Popp, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jenni.popp@nist.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1932-6181 J9 J MED DEVICES JI J. Med. Devices PD JUN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 2 AR UNSP 021006 DI 10.1115/1.4006546 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 958VZ UT WOS:000305270300006 ER PT J AU Feifel, KM Moore, SK Horner, RA AF Feifel, Kirsten M. Moore, Stephanie K. Horner, Rita A. TI An Alexandrium Spp. Cyst Record from Sequim Bay, Washington State, USA, and its Relation to Past Climate Variability SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium; climate change; dinoflagellate cysts; Puget Sound; sea surface temperature; Sequim Bay ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH; PUGET-SOUND; RESTING CYSTS; DINOPHYCEAE; SEDIMENTS; TOXINS; ACCUMULATION; CATENELLA AB Since the 1970s, Puget Sound, Washington State, USA, has experienced an increase in detections of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish due to blooms of the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium. Natural patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and changes in local environmental factors, such as sea surface temperature (SST) and air temperature, have been linked to the observed increase in PSTs. However, the lack of observations of PSTs in shellfish prior to the 1950s has inhibited statistical assessments of longer-term trends in climate and environmental conditions on Alexandrium blooms. After a bloom, Alexandrium cells can enter a dormant cyst stage, which settles on the seafloor and then becomes entrained into the sedimentary record. In this study, we created a record of Alexandrium spp. cysts from a sediment core obtained from Sequim Bay, Puget Sound. Cyst abundances ranged from 0 to 400 cysts . cm-3 and were detected down-core to a depth of 100 cm, indicating that Alexandrium has been present in Sequim Bay since at least the late 1800s. The cyst record allowed us to statistically examine relationships with available environmental parameters over the past century. Local air temperature and sea surface temperature were positively and significantly correlated with cyst abundances from the late 1800s to 2005; no significant relationship was found between PDO and cyst abundances. This finding suggests that local environmental variations more strongly influence Alexandrium population dynamics in Puget Sound when compared to large-scale changes. C1 [Feifel, Kirsten M.; Horner, Rita A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Feifel, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kfei04@uw.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04NOS4780273]; West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH [39] FX This research project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Ocean Program under award number #NA04NOS4780273 to the University of Washington. We thank the crew of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson for helping to collect the piston core, J. Postel for helping to section the core, J. Masura for helping with cyst identification, C. Nittrouer for the use of his lab for 210Pb analysis, N. Adams for his cartography skills, and N. Mantua for advice on climate data and the geoduck clam data set. Shellfish toxicity data are used courtesy of the Washington State Department of Health. This publication was also supported in part by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH publication no. 39. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington. This is ECOHAB publication 320. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 550 EP 558 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01175.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 952RP UT WOS:000304810200006 PM 27011070 ER PT J AU Bouchet, F Venaille, A AF Bouchet, Freddy Venaille, Antoine TI Statistical mechanics of two-dimensional and geophysical flows SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE 2D Euler equations; Large scales of turbulent flows; 2D turbulence; Quasi-geostrophic equations; Geophysical turbulence; Statistical mechanics; Long range interactions; Kinetic theory; Jupiter's troposphere; Great Red Spot; Ocean jets; Ocean rings ID GREAT RED SPOT; 2D EULER-EQUATION; LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; PERFECT FLUID-DYNAMICS; NEGATIVE-TEMPERATURE STATES; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; GUIDING-CENTER PLASMA; LARGE-SCALE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY AB The theoretical study of the self-organization of two-dimensional and geophysical turbulent flows is addressed based on statistical mechanics methods. This review is a self-contained presentation of classical and recent works on this subject; from the statistical mechanics basis of the theory up to applications to Jupiter's troposphere and ocean vortices and jets. Emphasize has been placed on examples with available analytical treatment in order to favor better understanding of the physics and dynamics. After a brief presentation of the 2D Euler and quasi-geostrophic equations, the specificity of two-dimensional and geophysical turbulence is emphasized. The equilibrium microcanonical measure is built from the Liouville theorem. Important statistical mechanics concepts (large deviations and mean field approach) and thermodynamic concepts (ensemble inequivalence and negative heat capacity) are briefly explained and described. On this theoretical basis, we predict the output of the long time evolution of complex turbulent flows as statistical equilibria. This is applied to make quantitative models of two-dimensional turbulence, the Great Red Spot and other Jovian vortices, ocean jets like the Gulf-Stream, and ocean vortices. A detailed comparison between these statistical equilibria and real flow observations is provided. We also present recent results for non-equilibrium situations, for the studies of either the relaxation towards equilibrium or non-equilibrium steady states. In this last case, forces and dissipation are in a statistical balance; fluxes of conserved quantity characterize the system and microcanonical or other equilibrium measures no longer describe the system. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bouchet, Freddy] Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Lab Phys Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. [Venaille, Antoine] GFDL AOS Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Bouchet, F (reprint author), Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Lab Phys Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. EM Freddy.Bouchet@ens-lyon.fr FU ANR program STATFLOW [ANR-06-JCJC-0037-01]; ANR program STATOCEAN [ANR-09-SYSC-014] FX This work was supported through the ANR program STATFLOW (ANR-06-JCJC-0037-01) and through the ANR program STATOCEAN (ANR-09-SYSC-014). NR 205 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 515 IS 5 BP 227 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2012.02.001 PG 69 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 960HF UT WOS:000305377900001 ER PT J AU Gitelson, AA Peng, Y Masek, JG Rundquist, DC Verma, S Suyker, A Baker, JM Hatfield, JL Meyers, T AF Gitelson, Anatoly A. Peng, Yi Masek, Jeffery G. Rundquist, Donald C. Verma, Shashi Suyker, Andrew Baker, John M. Hatfield, Jerry L. Meyers, Tilden TI Remote estimation of crop gross primary production with Landsat data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Gross primary production; Landsat; Chlorophyll content; Vegetation index; Potential incident photosynthetically active radiation ID CANOPY CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; LIGHT-USE-EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; VEGETATION INDEXES; TERRESTRIAL GROSS; MAIZE; CARBON AB An accurate and synoptic quantification of gross primary production (GPP) in crops is essential for studies of carbon budgets at regional and global scales. In this study, we tested a model, relating crop GPP to a product of total canopy chlorophyll (Chl) content and potential incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR(potential)). The approach is based on remotely sensed data; specifically, vegetation indices (VI) that are proxies for total Chl content and PAR(potential), which is incident PAR under a condition of minimal atmospheric aerosol loading. Using VI retrieved from surface reflectance Landsat data, we found that the model is capable of accurately estimating GPP in maize, with coefficient of variation (CV) below 23%, and in soybean with CV below 30%. The algorithms established and calibrated over three Mead, Nebraska AmeriFlux sites were able to estimate maize and soybean GPP at tower flux sites in Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois with acceptable accuracy. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gitelson, Anatoly A.; Peng, Yi; Rundquist, Donald C.; Verma, Shashi; Suyker, Andrew] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Masek, Jeffery G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Baker, John M.] USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Meyers, Tilden] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gitelson, AA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM agitelson2@unl.edu RI Gitelson, Anatoly/G-3452-2012; Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 FU NASA NACP [NNX08AI75G]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG-02-00ER45827]; Office of Science (BER) [DE-FG03-00ER62996]; Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies (CALMIT); University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX This research was supported by NASA NACP grant no. NNX08AI75G and partially by the U.S. Department of Energy: (a) EPSCoR program, grant no. DE-FG-02-00ER45827 and (b) Office of Science (BER), grant no. DE-FG03-00ER62996. We sincerely appreciate the support and the use of facilities and equipment provided by the Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies (CALMIT) and Carbon Sequestration Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. NR 63 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 121 BP 404 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.017 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955WN UT WOS:000305051700034 ER PT J AU Elban, WL Howarter, JA Richardson, MC Stutzman, PE Forster, AM Nolte, AJ Holmes, GA AF Elban, Wayne L. Howarter, John A. Richardson, Mickey C. Stutzman, Paul E. Forster, Aaron M. Nolte, Adam J. Holmes, Gale A. TI Influence of solvent washing on interlayer structure of alkylammonium montmorillonites SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; Montmorillonite; Surfactant; Organo-clays ID MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; EPOXY-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; CHARGE HOMOGENEITY; THERMAL-STABILITY; SURFACE-TENSION; EXFOLIATION; MAGADIITE; HYBRID AB Powdered samples of montmorillonite were functionalized with alkylammonium ions of various chain lengths and subjected to two different constant volume washing procedures: water only or sequential ethanol-water. The alkylammonium montmorillonites were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry to obtain insights into the effect of washing procedure. The ethanol-water procedure greatly reduced the amount of surfactant present that was not bound by cation exchange, and in some instances affected the crystallinity of the surfactant. Additionally, contact angle measurements on the compacted alkylammonium montmorillonites were obtained to assess the effect of functionalization and washing on the wettability of two common epoxides used in clay-epoxy nanocomposites. Regardless of surfactant treatment, the alkylammonium montmorillonites with ethanol-water washing exhibited lower contact angles for the epoxides, which is consistent with lower final surfactant content. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Elban, Wayne L.; Howarter, John A.; Richardson, Mickey C.; Nolte, Adam J.; Holmes, Gale A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stutzman, Paul E.; Forster, Aaron M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elban, Wayne L.] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Engn, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Howarter, John A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Howarter, John A.] Purdue Univ, Div Environm & Ecol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nolte, Adam J.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1317 J9 APPL CLAY SCI JI Appl. Clay Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 61 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.clay.2012.03.001 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 953DA UT WOS:000304845900005 ER PT J AU Schindler, DE Carter, JL Francis, TB Lisi, PJ Askey, PJ Sebastian, DC AF Schindler, Daniel E. Carter, Jackie L. Francis, Tessa B. Lisi, Peter J. Askey, Paul J. Sebastian, Dale C. TI Mysis in the Okanagan Lake food web: a time-series analysis of interaction strengths in an invaded plankton community SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mysis diluviana; MAR; Time-series analysis; Food web analysis; Plankton community; Introduced species; Interaction strength ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ZOOPLANKTON; RELICTA; NITROGEN; CARBON; SHRIMP AB Mysis introductions to the lakes of western North America have shown they are important predators on zooplankton, especially daphnids, and intercept energy flows that would otherwise be available to pelagic fishes. However, understanding of the ecological roles of Mysis within invaded communities following their establishment remains weak. We analyzed zooplankton and phytoplankton data collected from Okanagan Lake, British Columbia, within a time-series framework to evaluate the strength of ecological interactions between Mysis and the other dominant plankton. Top-down effects of Mysis in the plankton community were only detected on cyclopoid copepods and cyanophytes. Mysis dynamics were mostly driven by bottom-up effects from diatoms and from small cladocerans whose dynamics were driven primarily by the abundance of edible phytoplankton. This result supports the growing appreciation of the importance of omnivory in mysids and was consistent between the two main basins of the lake. We also analyzed published stable C and N isotope data from the plankton of Okanagan Lake with an isotope mixing model to estimate the relative importance of various potential energy sources to Mysis. This analysis supported the time-series results suggesting the importance of diatoms and small zooplankton to Mysis. However, the isotopes also suggested important resource flows from Daphnia to Mysis, an interaction not detected in the time-series analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that Mysis is a strong interactor in the Okanagan Lake food web, relying in part on energy flow through Daphnia. However, subsidies from diatoms likely decouple seasonal Mysis population dynamics from the seasonal population dynamics of Daphnia. C1 [Schindler, Daniel E.; Carter, Jackie L.; Lisi, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Francis, Tessa B.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Res Council, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Askey, Paul J.] British Columbia Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resou, Penticton, BC, Canada. [Sebastian, Dale C.] British Columbia Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resou, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Schindler, DE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deschind@uw.edu RI Francis, Tessa/B-6965-2012 OI Francis, Tessa/0000-0002-3383-5392 FU British Columbia Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation FX This work was supported by the British Columbia Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation. We thank Steve Viscidio for help in implementing the MAR analyses. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s10452-012-9393-0 PG 13 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 951AU UT WOS:000304693800006 ER PT J AU Hoy, M Boese, BL Taylor, L Reusser, D Rodriguez, R AF Hoy, Marshal Boese, Bruce L. Taylor, Louise Reusser, Deborah Rodriguez, Rusty TI Salinity adaptation of the invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) in the Columbia River estuary (Pacific Northwest, USA): physiological and molecular studies SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gastropod; Invasive species; Columbia River; Salinity; Mitochondrial DNA ID FRESH-WATER SNAIL; HYDROBIIDAE; TOXICITY; PARTHENOGENESIS; ACCLIMATION; TOLERANCE; MOLLUSCA; SUCCESS; LAKES; GRAY AB In this study, we examine salinity stress tolerances of two populations of the invasive species New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, one population from a high salinity environment in the Columbia River estuary and the other from a fresh water lake. In 1996, New Zealand mud snails were discovered in the tidal reaches of the Columbia River estuary that is routinely exposed to salinity at near full seawater concentrations. In contrast, in their native habitat and throughout its spread in the western US, New Zealand mud snails are found only in fresh water ecosystems. Our aim was to determine whether the Columbia River snails have become salt water adapted. Using a modification of the standard amphipod sediment toxicity test, salinity tolerance was tested using a range of concentrations up to undiluted seawater, and the snails were sampled for mortality at daily time points. Our results show that the Columbia River snails were more tolerant of acute salinity stress with the LC50 values averaging 38 and 22 Practical Salinity Units for the Columbia River and freshwater snails, respectively. DNA sequence analysis and morphological comparisons of individuals representing each population indicate that they were all P. antipodarum. These results suggest that this species is salt water adaptable and in addition, this investigation helps elucidate the potential of this aquatic invasive organism to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. C1 [Hoy, Marshal; Rodriguez, Rusty] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Taylor, Louise] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport Duty Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rodriguez, Rusty] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hoy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhoy@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10452-012-9396-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 951AU UT WOS:000304693800009 ER PT J AU Solazzo, E Bianconi, R Vautard, R Appel, KW Moran, MD Hogrefe, C Bessagnet, B Brandt, J Christensen, JH Chemel, C Coll, I van der Gon, HD Ferreira, J Forkel, R Francis, XV Grell, G Grossi, P Hansen, AB Jericevic, A Kraljevic, L Miranda, AI Nopmongcol, U Pirovano, G Prank, M Riccio, A Sartelet, KN Schaap, M Silver, JD Sokhi, RS Vira, J Werhahn, J Wolke, R Yarwood, G Zhang, JH Rao, ST Galmarini, S AF Solazzo, Efisio Bianconi, Roberto Vautard, Robert Appel, K. Wyat Moran, Michael D. Hogrefe, Christian Bessagnet, Bertrand Brandt, Jorgen Christensen, Jesper H. Chemel, Charles Coll, Isabelle van der Gon, Hugo Denier Ferreira, Joana Forkel, Renate Francis, Xavier V. Grell, George Grossi, Paola Hansen, Ayoe B. Jericevic, Amela Kraljevic, Luksa Miranda, Ana Isabel Nopmongcol, Uarporn Pirovano, Guido Prank, Marje Riccio, Angelo Sartelet, Karine N. Schaap, Martijn Silver, Jeremy D. Sokhi, Ranjeet S. Vira, Julius Werhahn, Johannes Wolke, Ralf Yarwood, Greg Zhang, Junhua Rao, S. Trivikrama Galmarini, Stefano TI Model evaluation and ensemble modelling of surface-level ozone in Europe and North America in the context of AQMEII SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AQMEII; Clustering; Error minimization; Multi-model ensemble; Ozone; Model evaluation ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVE AQMEII; UNITED-STATES; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; WESTERN-EUROPE; DISPERSION; SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; SCALE; RADIONUCLIDES AB More than ten state-of-the-art regional air quality models have been applied as part of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). These models were run by twenty independent groups in Europe and North America. Standardised modelling outputs over a full year (2006) from each group have been shared on the web-distributed ENSEMBLE system, which allows for statistical and ensemble analyses to be performed by each group. The estimated ground-level ozone mixing ratios from the models are collectively examined in an ensemble fashion and evaluated against a large set of observations from both continents. The scale of the exercise is unprecedented and offers a unique opportunity to investigate methodologies for generating skilful ensembles of regional air quality models outputs. Despite the remarkable progress of ensemble air quality modelling over the past decade, there are still outstanding questions regarding this technique. Among them, what is the best and most beneficial way to build an ensemble of members? And how should the optimum size of the ensemble be determined in order to capture data variability as well as keeping the error low? These questions are addressed here by looking at optimal ensemble size and quality of the members. The analysis carried out is based on systematic minimization of the model error and is important for performing diagnostic/probabilistic model evaluation. It is shown that the most commonly used multi-model approach, namely the average over all available members, can be outperformed by subsets of members optimally selected in terms of bias, error, and correlation. More importantly, this result does not strictly depend on the skill of the individual members, but may require the inclusion of low-ranking skill-score members. A clustering methodology is applied to discern among members and to build a skilful ensemble based on model association and data clustering, which makes no use of priori knowledge of model skill. Results show that, while the methodology needs further refinement, by optimally selecting the cluster distance and association criteria, this approach can be useful for model applications beyond those strictly related to model evaluation, such as air quality forecasting. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Solazzo, Efisio; Galmarini, Stefano] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Bianconi, Roberto; Grossi, Paola] Enviroware Srl, Concorezzo, MB, Italy. [Vautard, Robert] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE Lab, Paris, France. [Nopmongcol, Uarporn; Yarwood, Greg] Environ Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. [Sartelet, Karine N.] Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab, Ecole Ponts ParisTech EDF R&D, Paris, France. [Bessagnet, Bertrand; Pirovano, Guido] Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, INERIS, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Pirovano, Guido] Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Milan, Italy. [Ferreira, Joana; Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Ferreira, Joana; Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, Dept Environm & Planning, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Appel, K. Wyat; Hogrefe, Christian; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modelling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Chemel, Charles] Univ Hertfordshire, NCAS, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Chemel, Charles; Francis, Xavier V.; Sokhi, Ranjeet S.] Univ Hertfordshire, CAIR, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Wolke, Ralf] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Moran, Michael D.; Zhang, Junhua] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Coll, Isabelle] Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR 7583, IPSL LISA, Paris, France. [Coll, Isabelle] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France. [Brandt, Jorgen; Christensen, Jesper H.; Hansen, Ayoe B.; Silver, Jeremy D.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Jericevic, Amela; Kraljevic, Luksa] Meteorol & Hydrol Serv, Zagreb, Croatia. [Grell, George] NOAA, CIRES, ESRL, GSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Prank, Marje; Vira, Julius] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [van der Gon, Hugo Denier; Schaap, Martijn] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Riccio, Angelo] Univ Naples Parthenope, Dept Appl Sci, Naples, Italy. RP Solazzo, E (reprint author), European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. EM efisio.solazzo@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Sartelet, Karine/A-6430-2011; Ferreira, Joana/A-8277-2012; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Brandt, Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Riccio, Angelo/F-7795-2012; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015 OI solazzo, efisio/0000-0002-6333-1101; Ferreira, Joana/0000-0002-9438-4185; Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Miranda, Ana/0000-0001-5807-5820; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; Silver, Jeremy David/0000-0003-1502-6249; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Riccio, Angelo/0000-0001-7775-5565; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; FU Danish Strategic Research Program [2104-06-0027 (CEEH)] FX The work carried out with the DEHM model was supported by The Danish Strategic Research Program under contract no 2104-06-0027 (CEEH). Homepage: www.ceeh.dk. NR 56 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 53 SI SI BP 60 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.003 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953CZ UT WOS:000304845800006 ER PT J AU Solazzo, E Bianconi, R Pirovano, G Matthias, V Vautard, R Moran, MD Appel, KW Bessagnet, B Brandt, J Christensen, JH Chemel, C Coll, I Ferreira, J Forkel, R Francis, XV Grell, G Grossi, P Hansen, AB Miranda, AI Nopmongcol, U Prank, M Sartelet, KN Schaap, M Silver, JD Sokhi, RS Vira, J Werhahn, J Wolke, R Yarwood, G Zhang, JH Rao, ST Galmarini, S AF Solazzo, Efisio Bianconi, Roberto Pirovano, Guido Matthias, Volker Vautard, Robert Moran, Michael D. Appel, K. Wyat Bessagnet, Bertrand Brandt, Jorgen Christensen, Jesper H. Chemel, Charles Coll, Isabelle Ferreira, Joana Forkel, Renate Francis, Xavier V. Grell, Georg Grossi, Paola Hansen, Ayoe B. Miranda, Ana Isabel Nopmongcol, Uarporn Prank, Marje Sartelet, Karine N. Schaap, Martijn Silver, Jeremy D. Sokhi, Ranjeet S. Vira, Julius Werhahn, Johannes Wolke, Ralf Yarwood, Greg Zhang, Junhua Rao, S. Trivikrama Galmarini, Stefano TI Operational model evaluation for particulate matter in Europe and North America in the context of AQMEII SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AQMEII; Regional air quality model; Particulate matter; Model evaluation; PM2.5 speciation ID QUALITY CMAQ MODEL; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; ENSEMBLE AB Ten state-of-the-science regional air quality (AQ) modeling systems have been applied to continental-scale domains in North America and Europe for full-year simulations of 2006 in the context of Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII), whose main goals are model intercomparison and evaluation. Standardised modeling outputs from each group have been shared on the web-distributed ENSEMBLE system, which allows statistical and ensemble analyses to be performed. In this study, the one-year model simulations are inter-compared and evaluated with a large set of observations for ground-level particulate matter (PK10 and PM2.5) and its chemical components. Modeled concentrations of gaseous PM precursors, SO2 and NO2, have also been evaluated against observational data for both continents. Furthermore, modeled deposition (dry and wet) and emissions of several species relevant to PM are also inter-compared. The unprecedented scale of the exercise (two continents, one full year, fifteen modeling groups) allows for a detailed description of AQ model skill and uncertainty with respect to PM. Analyses of PM10 yearly time series and mean diurnal cycle show a large underestimation throughout the year for the AQ models included in AQMEII. The possible causes of PM bias, including errors in the emissions and meteorological inputs (e.g., wind speed and precipitation), and the calculated deposition are investigated. Further analysis of the coarse PM components, PM2.5 and its major components (SO4, NH4, NO3, elemental carbon), have also been performed, and the model performance for each component evaluated against measurements. Finally, the ability of the models to capture high PM concentrations has been evaluated by examining two separate PM2.5 episodes in Europe and North America. A large variability among models in predicting emissions, deposition, and concentration of PM and its precursors during the episodes has been found. Major challenges still remain with regards to identifying and eliminating the sources of PM bias in the models. Although PM2.5 was found to be much better estimated by the models than PM10, no model was found to consistently match the observations for all locations throughout the entire year. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Solazzo, Efisio; Galmarini, Stefano] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Bianconi, Roberto; Grossi, Paola] Enviroware Srl, Concorezzo, MB, Italy. [Vautard, Robert] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE Lab, Paris, France. [Nopmongcol, Uarporn; Yarwood, Greg] Environ Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. [Sartelet, Karine N.] Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab, Ecole Ponts ParisTech EDF R&D, Paris, France. [Pirovano, Guido; Bessagnet, Bertrand] Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, INERIS, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Pirovano, Guido] Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Milan, Italy. [Ferreira, Joana; Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Ferreira, Joana; Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, Dept Environm & Planning, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Appel, K. Wyat; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Forkel, Renate; Werhahn, Johannes] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Chemel, Charles] Univ Hertfordshire, NCAS, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Chemel, Charles; Francis, Xavier V.; Sokhi, Ranjeet S.] Univ Hertfordshire, CAIR, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Wolke, Ralf] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Moran, Michael D.; Zhang, Junhua] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Coll, Isabelle] Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR 7583, IPSL LISA, Paris, France. [Coll, Isabelle] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France. [Brandt, Jorgen; Christensen, Jesper H.; Hansen, Ayoe B.; Silver, Jeremy D.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Matthias, Volker] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany. [Grell, Georg] NOAA, ESRL, GSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Prank, Marje; Vira, Julius] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Schaap, Martijn] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Solazzo, E (reprint author), European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. EM efisio.solazzo@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Ferreira, Joana/A-8277-2012; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Brandt, Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015; Sartelet, Karine/A-6430-2011; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; OI Ferreira, Joana/0000-0002-9438-4185; Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; Miranda, Ana/0000-0001-5807-5820; Silver, Jeremy David/0000-0003-1502-6249; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; solazzo, efisio/0000-0002-6333-1101 FU Danish Strategic Research Program on Sustainable Energy [2104-06-0027 (CEEH)]; RSE; Italian Ministry of Economic Development FX The work carried out with the DEHM model was supported by The Danish Strategic Research Program on Sustainable Energy under contract no 2104-06-0027 (CEEH). Homepage: www.ceeh.dk. The RSE contribution to this work has been partially financed by the Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under the Contract Agreement between RSE and the Italian Ministry of Economic Development (Decree of March 19th, 2009). NR 91 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 53 SI SI BP 75 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.045 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953CZ UT WOS:000304845800007 ER PT J AU Forkel, R Werhahn, J Hansen, AB McKeen, S Peckham, S Grell, G Suppan, P AF Forkel, Renate Werhahn, Johannes Hansen, Ayoe Buus McKeen, Stuart Peckham, Steven Grell, Georg Suppan, Peter TI Effect of aerosol-radiation feedback on regional air quality - A case study with WRF/Chem SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE WRF/Chem; Online coupled model; Feedback; Aerosol; Semi-direct effect; Indirect effect ID NORTH-AMERICA; WRF-CHEM; MODEL EVALUATION; GOCART MODEL; IMPACT; CHEMISTRY; EUROPE; AQMEII; SYSTEM; SCALE AB Numerical simulations were performed in order to investigate the impact of the direct effect of aerosol particles on radiation and the indirect aerosol effect on meteorological variables and subsequent distributions of near surface ozone and PM10 over Europe. The fully coupled meteorology-chemistry community model WRF/Chem has been applied for June and July 2006 for a baseline case without any aerosol feedback on meteorology, a simulation with the direct effect included, and a simulation including the direct as well as the indirect aerosol effect. The impact of the subsequent changes in temperature, boundary layer height, and clouds that were triggered by the direct effect of aerosol on radiation ("semi-direct effect") was found to dominate the direct effect of aerosol particles on solar radiation. Over Central Europe the mean reduction of global radiation alone was mostly 3-7 W m(-2), but changes in cloud cover due to semi-direct effects resulted in monthly mean changes between +/-50 W m(-2). The inclusion of the indirect aerosol effect resulted in a pronounced decrease of cloud water content by up to 70% and a significantly higher mean rain water content over the North Atlantic. Although generally plausible, the effect appears to be too strong due to too low simulated aerosol particle numbers in this area. Regional changes in precipitation between -100% and 100% were simulated over the European continent. For the simulation including only the direct aerosol effect these changes are almost entirely due to semi-direct effects. Mean ozone mixing ratios over Europe in July were modified by up to 4 ppb or 10% over continental Europe, mostly related to changes in cloud cover. For PM10 the inclusion of the direct effect resulted for the considered episode in a mean decrease by 20-50% due to an increased atmospheric boundary layer height except for the regions with high PM10 concentrations. When the indirect aerosol effect was additionally taken into account an increase of the monthly PM10 concentration by 1-3 mu g M-3 was found for July 2006 over large parts of continental Europe. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Forkel, Renate; Werhahn, Johannes; Suppan, Peter] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, IMK IFU, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Hansen, Ayoe Buus] Aarhus Univ, Dept Atmospher Environm, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [McKeen, Stuart; Peckham, Steven; Grell, Georg] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Forkel, R (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, IMK IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. EM renate.forkel@kit.edu RI Suppan, Peter/A-7178-2013; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); Danish Strategic Research Program on Sustainable Energy [2104-06-0027] FX The present study was partly financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and by the Danish Strategic Research Program on Sustainable Energy under contract no 2104-06-0027. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 53 SI SI BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953CZ UT WOS:000304845800015 ER PT J AU Clarke, ML Lee, JY Samarov, DV Allen, DW Litorja, M Nossal, R Hwang, J AF Clarke, Matthew L. Lee, Ji Youn Samarov, Daniel V. Allen, David W. Litorja, Maritoni Nossal, Ralph Hwang, Jeeseong TI Designing microarray phantoms for hyperspectral imaging validation SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-SATURATION; ABSORPTION AB The design and fabrication of custom-tailored microarrays for use as phantoms in the characterization of hyperspectral imaging systems is described. Corresponding analysis methods for biologically relevant samples are also discussed. An image-based phantom design was used to program a microarrayer robot to print prescribed mixtures of dyes onto microscope slides. The resulting arrays were imaged by a hyperspectral imaging microscope. The shape of the spots results in significant scattering signals, which can be used to test image analysis algorithms. Separation of the scattering signals allowed elucidation of individual dye spectra. In addition, spectral fitting of the absorbance spectra of complex dye mixtures was performed in order to determine local dye concentrations. Such microarray phantoms provide a robust testing platform for comparisons of hyperspectral imaging acquisition and analysis methods. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Clarke, Matthew L.; Lee, Ji Youn; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nossal, Ralph] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Clarke, ML (reprint author), Natl Gallery Art, Washington, DC 20565 USA. EM jeeseong.hwang@nist.gov FU NIST; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH FX This research was supported by the NIST Innovative Measurement Science Program on optical medical imaging. Dr. Ralph Nossal was supported by intramural funds of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1291 EP 1299 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 954RY UT WOS:000304965700014 PM 22741076 ER PT J AU Samarov, DV Clarke, ML Lee, JY Allen, DW Litorja, M Hwang, J AF Samarov, Daniel V. Clarke, Matthew L. Lee, Ji Youn Allen, David W. Litorja, Maritoni Hwang, Jeeseong TI Algorithm validation using multicolor phantoms SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION; SELECTION; SYSTEM AB We present a framework for hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis validation, specifically abundance fraction estimation based on HSI measurements of water soluble dye mixtures printed on microarray chips. In our work we focus on the performance of two algorithms, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and the Spatial LASSO (SPLASSO). The LASSO is a well known statistical method for simultaneously performing model estimation and variable selection. In the context of estimating abundance fractions in a HSI scene, the "sparse" representations provided by the LASSO are appropriate as not every pixel will be expected to contain every endmember. The SPLASSO is a novel approach we introduce here for HSI analysis which takes the framework of the LASSO algorithm a step further and incorporates the rich spatial information which is available in HSI to further improve the estimates of abundance. In our work here we introduce the dye mixture platform as a new benchmark data set for hyperspectral biomedical image processing and show our algorithm's improvement over the standard LASSO. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clarke, Matthew L.; Lee, Ji Youn; Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Mol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Samarov, DV (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.samarov@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Antonio Possolo, Eric Shirley, and Kimberly Briggman for useful discussions and support. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Innovative Measurement Program on optical medical imaging. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1300 EP 1311 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 954RY UT WOS:000304965700015 PM 22741077 ER PT J AU Kang, H Clarke, ML Lacerda, SHD Karim, A Pease, LF Hwang, J AF Kang, HyeongGon Clarke, Matthew L. Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli Karim, Alamgir Pease, Leonard F., III Hwang, Jeeseong TI Multimodal optical studies of single and clustered colloidal quantum dots for the long-term optical property evaluation of quantum dot-based molecular imaging phantoms SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; CELLS; CDSE; TIME AB Understanding the optical properties of clustered quantum dots (QDs) is essential to the design of QD-based optical phantoms for molecular imaging. Single and clustered core/shell colloidal QDs of dimers, trimers, and tetramers are self-assembled, separated, and preferentially collected using electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) with electrostatic deposition. Multimodal optical characterization and analysis of their dynamical photoluminescence (PL) properties enables the long-term evaluation of the physicochemical and optical properties of QDs in a single or a clustered state. A multimodal time-correlated spectroscopic confocal microscope capable of simultaneously measuring the time evolution of PL intensity fluctuation, PL lifetime, and emission spectra reveals the long-term dynamic optical properties of interacting QDs in individual dimeric clusters of QDs. This new method will benefit research into the quantitative interpretation of fluorescence intensity and lifetime results in QD-based molecular imaging techniques. The process of photooxidation leads to coupling of the QDs in a dimer, leading to unique optical properties when compared to an isolated QD. These results guide the design and evaluation of QD-based phantom materials for the validation of the PL measurements for quantitative molecular imaging of biological samples labeled with QD probes. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Kang, HyeongGon; Clarke, Matthew L.; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Kang, H (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jch@nist.gov FU NIST; Chemical Engineering Department FX Authors thank Drs. Garnett Bryant, Jack Douglas, Rajasekhar Anumolu for helpful discussions. J. H. was supported by the NIST Innovative Measurement Science program on optical medical imaging and L. P. was supported by startup funds from the Chemical Engineering Department. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this manuscript are to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The findings and conclusions in this article have not been formally disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1312 EP 1325 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 954RY UT WOS:000304965700016 PM 22741078 ER PT J AU Chang, RC Johnson, P Stafford, CM Hwang, J AF Chang, Robert C. Johnson, Peter Stafford, Christopher M. Hwang, Jeeseong TI Fabrication and characterization of a multilayered optical tissue model with embedded scattering microspheres in polymeric materials SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AB We report on a novel fabrication approach to build multilayered optical tissue phantoms that serve as independently validated test targets for axial resolution and contrast in scattering measurements by depth-resolving optical coherent tomography (OCT) with general applicability to a variety of three-dimensional optical sectioning platforms. We implement a combinatorial bottom-up approach to prepare monolayers of light-scattering microspheres with interspersed layers of transparent polymer. A dense monolayer assembly of monodispersed microspheres is achieved via a combined methodology of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for particle-substrate binding and convective particle flux for two-dimensional crystal array formation on a glass substrate. Modifications of key parameters in the layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition approach are applied to optimize particle monolayer transfer from a glass substrate into an elastomer while preserving the relative axial positioning in the particle monolayer. Varying the dimensions of the scattering microspheres and the thickness of the intervening transparent polymer layers enables different spatial frequencies to be realized in the transverse dimension of the solid phantoms. Step-wise determination of the phantom dimensions is performed independently of the optical system under test to enable precise spatial calibration, independent validation, and quantitative dimensional measurements. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Chang, Robert C.; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, Peter; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chang, RC (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jch@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; NRC FX We thank Drs. Eric Shirley and Kimberly Briggman for helpful discussions and support. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. John Lesoine for his help with OCT image analysis. This project is supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology Innovative Measurement Science program on optical medical imaging. R.C.C. and P J. were supported by an NRC Research Associateship. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1326 EP 1339 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 954RY UT WOS:000304965700017 PM 22741079 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Ramella-Roman, JC Nordstrom, R AF Hwang, Jeeseong Ramella-Roman, Jessica C. Nordstrom, Robert TI Introduction: Feature Issue on Phantoms for the Performance Evaluation and Validation of Optical Medical Imaging Devices SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Editorial Material ID COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; LIGHT DOSIMETRY; CONTRAST AGENTS; TURBID MEDIA; TISSUES; BRAIN; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; IMAGES AB The editors introduce the Biomedical Optics Express feature issue on "Phantoms for the Performance Evaluation and Validation of Optical Medical Imaging Devices." This topic was the focus of a technical workshop that was held on November 7-8, 2011, in Washington, D.C. The feature issue includes 13 contributions from workshop attendees. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ramella-Roman, Jessica C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Biomed Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Nordstrom, Robert] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nordstrr@mail.nih.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1399 EP 1403 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 954RY UT WOS:000304965700022 PM 22741084 ER PT J AU Xu, RX Allen, DW Huang, JW Gnyawali, S Melvin, J Elgharably, H Gordillo, G Huang, K Bergdall, V Litorja, M Rice, JP Hwang, J Sen, CK AF Xu, Ronald X. Allen, David W. Huang, Jiwei Gnyawali, Surya Melvin, James Elgharably, Haytham Gordillo, Gayle Huang, Kun Bergdall, Valerie Litorja, Maritoni Rice, Joseph P. Hwang, Jeeseong Sen, Chandan K. TI Developing digital tissue phantoms for hyperspectral imaging of ischemic wounds SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SKIN WOUNDS; REFLECTANCE; OXYGEN AB Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to achieve high spatial resolution and high functional sensitivity for non-invasive assessment of tissue oxygenation. However, clinical acceptance of hyperspectral imaging in ischemic wound assessment is hampered by its poor reproducibility, low accuracy, and misinterpreted biology. These limitations are partially caused by the lack of a traceable calibration standard. We proposed a digital tissue phantom (DTP) platform for quantitative calibration and performance evaluation of spectral wound imaging devices. The technical feasibility of such a DTP platform was demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro DTPs were developed based on a liquid blood phantom model. The in vivo DTPs were developed based on a porcine ischemic skin flap model. The DTPs were projected by a Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP) with high fidelity. A wide-gap 2nd derivative oxygenation algorithm was developed to reconstruct tissue functional parameters from hyperspectral measurements. In this study, we have demonstrated not only the technical feasibility of using DTPs for quantitative calibration, evaluation, and optimization of spectral imaging devices but also its potential for ischemic wound assessment in clinical practice. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Xu, Ronald X.; Huang, Jiwei; Melvin, James] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gnyawali, Surya; Elgharably, Haytham; Gordillo, Gayle; Sen, Chandan K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Huang, Kun] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bergdall, Valerie] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni; Rice, Joseph P.; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, RX (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM xu.202@osu.edu RI Gordillo, Gayle/E-3136-2011; Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013; Huang, Kun/E-3272-2011 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB10D184]; U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Act [W81XWH-11-20142]; National Institutes of Health [GM077185, GM069589, CA159077]; NIST FX This project is sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (60NANB10D184), the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Act (W81XWH-11-20142), and the National Institutes of Health (GM077185, GM069589, and CA159077). We thank Drs. Eric Shirley and Kimberly Briggman at NIST for helpful discussions and support. The authors are also grateful for the helpful inputs from Dr. Roy Sashwati at OSU Department of Surgery and the technical assistance from Joseph Agoston and Thoma Shives (OSU Circulation Technology Division), Joseph Ewing (OSU Mechanical Engineering), as well as Jennifer Dickerson, Lori Mattox, and Jeannie Green (OSU ULAR). D. A., M. L., and J. H. were supported by NIST Innovative Measurement Science program on optical medical imaging. References are made to certain commercially available products in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedures involved. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that these products are the best for the purpose specified. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1445 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 954RY UT WOS:000304965700026 PM 22741088 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Andriamaharavo, NR AF Babushok, V. I. Andriamaharavo, N. R. TI Use of Large Retention Index Database for Filtering of GC-MS False Positive Identifications of Compounds SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Kovats indices; Retention indices; Linear retention indices; Identification; Data filtering; Ylang-ylang essential oil ID ODORATA HOOK-FIL; YLANG-YLANG OIL; FORMA-GENUINA; RELIABLE IDENTIFICATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; ET-THOMSON; COMPONENTS; PROFILES; LIBRARY AB The use of the large retention index database for identification and filtering of false positive hits in GC-MS analysis of the ylang-ylang essential oil is illustrated. Differences between experimental retention indices and database values of retention indices of candidate compounds provide additional constraints on the list of candidates for a target compound. Over 100 components of ylang-ylang essential oil (total grade) were identified. The main components, with concentrations more than 4 %, are beta-caryophyllene, germacrene D, benzyl benzoate, linalool, geranyl acetate, alpha-(E,E)-farnesene and isobornyl acetate. C1 [Babushok, V. I.; Andriamaharavo, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vbabushok@nist.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD JUN PY 2012 VL 75 IS 11-12 BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.1007/s10337-012-2231-7 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 949DV UT WOS:000304557300014 ER PT J AU Wang, JD Wang, WQ Fu, XH Seo, KH AF Wang, Jiande Wang, Wanqiu Fu, Xiouhua Seo, Kyong-Hwan TI Tropical intraseasonal rainfall variability in the CFSR SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; MJO; MODELS; CONVECTION; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSES; PREDICTABILITY; RESOLUTION AB While large-scale circulation fields from atmospheric reanalyses have been widely used to study the tropical intraseasonal variability, rainfall variations from the reanalyses are less focused. Because of the sparseness of in situ observations available in the tropics and strong coupling between convection and large-scale circulation, the accuracy of tropical rainfall from the reanalyses not only measures the quality of reanalysis rainfall but is also to some extent indicative of the accuracy of the circulations fields. This study analyzes tropical intraseasonal rainfall variability in the recently completed NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and its comparison with the widely used NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (R1) and NCEP/DOE reanalysis (R2). The R1 produces too weak rainfall variability while the R2 generates too strong westward propagation. Compared with the R1 and R2, the CFSR produces greatly improved tropical intraseasonal rainfall variability with the dominance of eastward propagation and more realistic amplitude. An analysis of the relationship between rainfall and large-scale fields using composites based on Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events shows that, in all three NCEP reanalyses, the moisture convergence leading the rainfall maximum is near the surface in the western Pacific but is above 925 hPa in the eastern Indian Ocean. However, the CFSR produces the strongest large-scale convergence and the rainfall from CFSR lags the column integrated precipitable water by 1 or 2 days while R1 and R2 rainfall tends to lead the respective precipitable water. Diabatic heating related to the MJO variability in the CFSR is analyzed and compared with that derived from large-scale fields. It is found that the amplitude of CFSR-produced total heating anomalies is smaller than that of the derived. Rainfall variability from the other two recently produced reanalyses, the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERAI), and the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), is also analyzed. It is shown that both the ERAI and MERRA generate stronger rainfall spectra than the R1 and more realistic dominance of eastward propagating variance than R2. The intraseasonal variability in the MERRA is stronger than that in the ERAI but weaker than that in the CFSR and CMORPH. C1 [Wang, Jiande] NOAA NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA NCEP CPC, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Fu, Xiouhua] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Seo, Kyong-Hwan] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea. RP Wang, JD (reprint author), NOAA NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM jiande.wang@noaa.gov FU JAMSTEC; NOAA; NASA through IPRC; Korea Meteorological Administration [CATER 2007-4208] FX Leigh Zhang helped offload and prepare MERRA data. We greatly appreciate the constructive internal reviews by Huug van den Dool and FangLin Yang. XH Fu is supported by JAMSTEC, NOAA, and NASA through the IPRC, whose contribution is as IPRC No. 780 and SOEST No. 8143. KH Seo was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-4208. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 11-12 BP 2191 EP 2207 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1087-0 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951BS UT WOS:000304696300004 ER PT J AU Shu, Q Qiao, FL Song, ZY Wang, CZ AF Shu, Qi Qiao, Fangli Song, Zhenya Wang, Chunzai TI Sea ice trends in the Antarctic and their relationship to surface air temperature during 1979-2009 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Surface air temperature (SAT) from four reanalysis/analysis datasets are analyzed and compared with the observed SAT from 11 stations in the Antarctic. It is found that the SAT variation from Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) is the best to represent the observed SAT. Then we use the sea ice concentration (SIC) data from satellite measurements, the SAT data from the GISS dataset and station observations to examine the trends and variations of sea ice and SAT in the Antarctic during 1979-2009. The Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) shows an increased trend during 1979-2009, with a trend rate of 1.36 +/- A 0.43% per decade. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition analysis shows that the rate of the increased trend has been accelerating in the past decade. Antarctic SIE trend depends on the season, with the maximum increase occurring in autumn. If the relationship between SIC and GISS SAT trends is examined regionally, Antarctic SIC trends agree well with the local SAT trends in the most Antarctic regions. That is, Antarctic SIC and SAT show an inverse relationship: a cooling (warming) SAT trend is associated with an upward (downward) SIC trend. It is also concluded that the relationship between sea ice and SAT trends in the Antarctic should be examined regionally rather than integrally. C1 [Shu, Qi; Qiao, Fangli; Song, Zhenya] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Shu, Qi; Qiao, Fangli; Song, Zhenya] State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Marine Sci & Numer Modeling, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Qiao, FL (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. EM qiaofl@fio.org.cn RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Song, Zhenya/0000-0002-8098-5529 FU 973 Project [2010CB950301, 2010CB950502]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40730842] FX SIC data is provided by http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0051.html, GISS SAT data is available from http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis SAT data is from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html, COREs SAT data is provided by http://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/mom4/COREv2.html, and ECMWF SAT data is available from http://data.ecmwf.int/data/, 11 stations SAT data are download from http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/gjma/. The authors thank the above data providers. This study is supported by 973 Project (No. 2010CB950301; No. 2010CB950502) and the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40730842). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 11-12 BP 2355 EP 2363 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1143-9 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951BS UT WOS:000304696300014 ER PT J AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR AF Paulter, Nicholas G. Larson, Donald R. TI Pulse Metrology - Part 2 Part 39 in a series of tutorials on instrumentation and measurement SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Transmission line measurements; Pulse measurements; Tutorials; Uncertainty; Measurement uncertainty; Semiconductor device measurement; Metrology ID SAMPLER CALIBRATION METHOD; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; OSCILLOSCOPES; CIRCUITS; NPL C1 [Paulter, Nicholas G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Paulter, Nicholas G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paulter, Nicholas G.; Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Law Enforcement Stand Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paulter, Nicholas G.; Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. EM paulter@nist.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1109/MIM.2012.6204873 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 953XF UT WOS:000304906400008 ER PT J AU Medvigy, D Walko, RL Avissar, R AF Medvigy, David Walko, Robert L. Avissar, Roni TI Simulated Links between Deforestation and Extreme Cold Events in South America SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; AMAZONIAN DEFORESTATION; GENERALIZED FROSTS; AIR INCURSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STORM TRACKS; TIME-SERIES; MODEL; CIRCULATION; SCALE AB Many modeling studies have indicated that deforestation will increase the average annual temperature in the Amazon. However, few studies have investigated the potential for deforestation to change the frequency and intensity of extreme events. This problem is addressed here using a variable-resolution GCM. The characteristic length scale (CLS) of the model's grid mesh over South America is 25 km, comparable to that used by limited-area models. For computational efficiency, the CLS increases to 200 km over the rest of the world. It is found that deforestation induces large changes in the frequency of wintertime extreme cold events. Large increases in cold event frequency and intensity occur in the western Amazon and, surprisingly, in parts of southern South America, far from the actual deforested area. One possible mechanism for these remote effects involves changes in the position of the subtropical jet, caused by temperature changes in the Amazon. Increased understanding of these potential changes in extreme events will be important for local agriculture, natural ecosystems, and the human population. C1 [Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Walko, Robert L.; Avissar, Roni] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Medvigy, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, 418B Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dmedvigy@princeton.edu FU NSF [0902197]; PICSciE-OIT High Performance Computing Center; Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NSF Award 0902197. We also thank Marcos Longo and Gabriela Muller and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NCEP reanalysis 2 data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Some of the simulations presented in this article were performed on computational resources supported by the PICSciE-OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 11 BP 3851 EP 3866 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00259.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951RC UT WOS:000304736700011 ER PT J AU Parson, LE Swafford, R AF Parson, Larry E. Swafford, Russell TI Beneficial Use of Sediments from Dredging Activities in the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Parson, L.E. and Swafford, R., 2012. Beneficial use of sediments from dredging activities in the Gulf of Mexico. In: Khalil, S.M., Parson, L.E., and Waters, J.P. (eds.), Technical Framework for the Gulf Regional Sediment Management Master Plan (GRSMMP), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 60, 45-50. Dredging activities are a potential source of sediment and should be considered in any conservation and restoration planning process. Wise use of sediment resources from dredging is integral to accomplishing the conservation and restoration initiatives and objectives being recommended under the Gulf of Mexico Alliance. Keeping dredged sediments within the natural system or using it in the construction of restoration projects can improve environmental conditions, provide storm damage protection, and contribute to habitat creation and restoration goals. Hundreds of millions of cubic yards of sediments are dredged each year from Gulf ports, harbors, and waterways, much of which could be used beneficially. Currently it is estimated that about 30% of all material dredged from federal channels in the Gulf states is used beneficially and very little of the privately funded dredging is used for beneficial purposes. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) conducts dredging under its navigation maintenance program and much of the dredging conducted is typically done on a scheduled and routine basis. Successful planning of beneficial-use projects utilizing USACE dredging necessitates the early coordination and work of multidisciplinary interagency teams on a regular basis. There is also a need to improve data access and management for dredging activities for use by project managers and planners. C1 [Parson, Larry E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. [Swafford, Russell] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Parson, LE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. EM larry.e.parson@usace.army.mil NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2012 SI 60 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.2112/SI_60_5 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 950XH UT WOS:000304684700006 ER PT J AU Jones, CD Near, TJ AF Jones, C. D. Near, T. J. TI The reproductive behaviour of Pogonophryne scotti confirms widespread egg-guarding parental care among Antarctic notothenioids SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic fish nesting; artedidraconidae ID HARPAGIFER-BISPINIS; NESTING-BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; GENE-SEQUENCES; ROSS SEA; ICEFISH; PISCES; FISHES; MITOCHONDRIAL; PERCIFORMES AB In this paper, the first documentation of egg-guarding behaviour in an artedidraconid species, Pogonophryne scotti, through in situ photographic imagery obtained during video transects is provided. The male specimen was observed closely guarding a well-defined multi-layered egg mass deposited on the sea floor at 240 m on the southern South Orkney Islands shelf in the northern Weddell Sea. Egg-guarding parental care is present in species that are distributed among all of the major lineages of Antarctic notothenioids; however, lack of information on egg-deposition behaviours in Bovichtidae and Pseudaphritis prevents assessment of whether parental care originated prior to the origin of the Antarctic notothenioid radiation. C1 [Jones, C. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Near, T. J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Near, T. J.] Yale Univ, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Jones, CD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM chris.d.jones@noaa.gov RI Near, Thomas/K-1204-2012 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-0839007] FX We greatly appreciate the hard work and skill of the captain and crew of the R.V. Yuzhmorgeologiya during the 2009 U.S. AMLR field season. We are also grateful to our skilled underwater camera technicians, A. Hoek and A. Cossio. The U.S. National Science Foundation (ANT-0839007) provided additional support. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 80 IS 7 BP 2629 EP 2635 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03282.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 952QX UT WOS:000304808400016 PM 22650438 ER PT J AU Ryan, DJ Sepulveda, MS Nalepa, TF Hook, TO AF Ryan, Daniel J. Sepulveda, Maria S. Nalepa, Thomas F. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Spatial variation in RNA:DNA ratios of Diporeia spp. in the Great Lakes region SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diporeia spp.; RNA:DNA; Condition; Abundance; Dreissenids ID RNA-DNA RATIOS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; LIPID-CONTENT; NUCLEIC-ACID; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; MONOPOREIA-AFFINIS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; ACARTIA-BIFILOSA; HERRING LARVAE AB Over the past two decades, Diporeia in all of the Laurentian Great Lakes, except Superior, have declined dramatically. These declines have seemingly coincided with expansion of invasive Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis, however the exact mechanisms underlying decreasing Diporeia densities are obscure. We explored the use of RNA:DNA (RID) ratios as a conditional index for Diporeia by experimentally demonstrating that Diporeia RID responds to periods of starvation. Moreover, during 2008-2009 we collected Diporeia from throughout the Great Lakes and Cayuga Lake (New York, USA), and used R/D ratios to index condition of these in situ collected animals. We evaluated spatial and temporal variation of nucleic acid indices using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis with a suite of environmental variables included as potential predictors. Diporeia R/D of in situ collected specimens exhibited pronounced spatial and temporal variation, but multiple CART models described only a small amount of this variation. While we observed some variation in Diporeia R/D among lakes, nucleic acid ratios appeared to respond weakly to Diporeia population characteristics and local environmental conditions. Specifically, CART analyses revealed that Diporeia R/D was particularly low at extreme depths, and interestingly, Diporeia nucleic acids were not strongly associated with the presence of dreissenids. In summary, while a limited amount of variation in Diporeia RID was attributable to environmental conditions, the majority of Diporeia R/D variation was unaccounted for. Hence, the causative factors underlying spatio-temporal variation of Diporeia R/D and the mechanistic reasons for Diporeia declines in the Great Lakes remain largely unknown. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryan, Daniel J.; Sepulveda, Maria S.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM thook@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2008.886] FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the captains and crews of the R/V Lake Guardian and RN Laurentian for assisting with Diporeia collections. We would also like to thank Jim Watkins for assisting with Diporeia collections in Cayuga Lake, and Dave Fanslow for leading collections in Batchawanna Bay, lake Superior. Without the help of these individuals, this project would not have been possible. Equally, we would like to extend our grateful appreciation to numerous persons that have assisted us during this project, including: Carolyn Foley, Suman Maity, Steve Hensler, Greg Jacobs, Julie Mida, Kyung Seo Park, Anna Varian, S. Grace McCalla, Hui-Yu Wang and several lab technicians. Funding for this project was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Grant# 2008.886). This is NOAA-GLERL contribution 1619. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.01.007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BK UT WOS:000304841700001 ER PT J AU Vanderploeg, HA Pothoven, SA Fahnenstiel, GL Cavaletto, JF Liebig, JR Stow, CA Nalepa, TF Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB AF Vanderploeg, Henry A. Pothoven, Steven A. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Cavaletto, Joann F. Liebig, James R. Stow, Craig A. Nalepa, Thomas F. Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. TI Seasonal zooplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan: Disentangling impacts of resource limitation, ecosystem engineering, and predation during a critical ecosystem transition SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Planktivory; Food limitation; Tipping point; Climate ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LIFE-CYCLE STRATEGY; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; LIMNOCALANUS-MACRURUS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; CALANOID COPEPODS; PLANKTON DYNAMICS AB We examined seasonal dynamics of zooplankton at an offshore station in Lake Michigan from 1994 to 2003 and 2007 to 2008. This period saw variable weather, declines in planktivorous fish abundance, the introduction and expansion of dreissenid mussels, and a slow decline in total phosphorus concentrations. After the major expansion of mussels into deep water (2007-2008), chlorophyll in spring declined sharply, Secchi depth increased markedly in all seasons, and planktivorous fish biomass declined to record-low levels. Overlaying these dramatic ecosystem-level changes, the zooplankton community exhibited complex seasonal dynamics between 1994-2003 and 2007-2008. Phenology of the zooplankton maximum was affected by onset of thermal stratification, but there was no other discernable effect due to temperature. Interannual variability in zooplankton biomass during 1994 and 2003 was strongly driven by planktivorous fish abundance, particularly age-0 and age-1 alewives. In 2007-2008, there were large decreases in Diacyclops thomasi and Daphnia mendotae possibly caused by food limitation as well as increased predation and indirect negative effects from increases in Bythotrephes longimanus abundance and in foraging efficiency associated with increased light penetration. The Bythotrephes increase was likely driven in part by decreased predation from yearling and older alewife. While there was a major decrease in epilimnetic-metalimnetic herbivorous cladocerans in 2007-2008, there was an increase in large omnivorous and predacious calanoid copepods, especially those in the hypolimnion. Thus, changes to the zooplankton community are the result of cascading, synergistic interactions, including a shift from vertebrate to invertebrate planktivory and mussel ecosystem impacts on light climate and chlorophyll. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Cavaletto, Joann F.; Liebig, James R.; Stow, Craig A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.; Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Vanderploeg, HA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov; joann.cavaletto@noaa.gov; jim.liebig@noaa.gov; craig.stow@noaa.gov; tom.nalepa@noaa.gov; cmadenjian@usgs.gov; dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU NOAA; Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank R. Pichlova-Ptacnikova and the captains and crews of the R/V Shenehon and R/V Laurentian, namely D. Donahue, J. Workman, and A. Yagiella, for help in field collections. H. Carrick made helpful comments on an early version of this manuscript. Partial support for funding came from NOAA Coastal Ocean Program and the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1620 and U.S. Geological Survey Great lakes Science Center Contribution No. 1684. NR 91 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 336 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.02.005 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BK UT WOS:000304841700017 ER PT J AU Stentiford, GD Neil, DM Peeler, EJ Shields, JD Small, HJ Flegel, TW Vlak, JM Jones, B Morado, F Moss, S Lotz, J Bartholomay, L Behringer, DC Hauton, C Lightner, DV AF Stentiford, G. D. Neil, D. M. Peeler, E. J. Shields, J. D. Small, H. J. Flegel, T. W. Vlak, J. M. Jones, B. Morado, F. Moss, S. Lotz, J. Bartholomay, L. Behringer, D. C. Hauton, C. Lightner, D. V. TI Disease will limit future food supply from the global crustacean fishery and aquaculture sectors SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Food security; Decapod; Shrimp; Crab; Lobster; Virus; Therapeutics; Biosecurity; Trade; Commodity ID SPOT-SYNDROME VIRUS; CRAB CANCER-PAGURUS; INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS; LOBSTERS HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; SHRIMP PENAEUS-MONODON; YELLOW HEAD VIRUS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; NUTRITION TRANSITION; HEMATODINIUM-PEREZI; NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS AB Seafood is a highly traded food commodity. Farmed and captured crustaceans contribute a significant proportion with annual production exceeding 10 M metric tonnes with first sale value of $40bn. The sector is dominated by farmed tropical marine shrimp, the fastest growing sector of the global aquaculture industry. It is significant in supporting rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty in producing nations within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. A general separation of net producing and net consuming nations for crustacean seafood has created a truly globalised food industry. Projections for increasing global demand for seafood in the face of level or declining fisheries requires continued expansion and intensification of aquaculture while ensuring best utilisation of captured stocks. Furthermore, continued pressure from consuming nations to ensure safe products for human consumption are being augmented by additional legislative requirements for animals (and their products) to be of low disease status. As a consequence, increasing emphasis is being placed on enforcement of regulations and better governance of the sector; currently this is a challenge in light of a fragmented industry and less stringent regulations associated with animal disease within producer nations. Current estimates predict that up to 40% of tropical shrimp production (>$3bn) is lost annually, mainly due to viral pathogens for which standard preventative measures (e.g. such as vaccination) are not feasible. In light of this problem, new approaches are urgently required to enhance yield by improving broodstock and larval sourcing, promoting best management practices by farmer outreach and supporting cutting-edge research that aims to harness the natural abilities of invertebrates to mitigate assault from pathogens (e.g. the use of RNA interference therapeutics). In terms of fisheries losses associated with disease, key issues are centred on mortality and quality degradation in the post-capture phase, largely due to poor grading and handling by fishers and the industry chain. Occurrence of disease in wild crustaceans is also widely reported, with some indications that climatic changes may be increasing susceptibility to important pathogens (e.g. the parasite Hematodinium). However, despite improvements in field and laboratory diagnostics, defining population-level effects of disease in these fisheries remains elusive. Coordination of disease specialists with fisheries scientists will be required to understand current and future impacts of existing and emergent diseases on wild stocks. Overall, the increasing demand for crustacean seafood in light of these issues signals a clear warning for the future sustainability of this global industry. The linking together of global experts in the culture, capture and trading of crustaceans with pathologists, epidemiologists, ecologists, therapeutics specialists and policy makers in the field of food security will allow these issues to be better identified and addressed. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stentiford, G. D.; Peeler, E. J.] Cefas, Weymouth Lab, European Union Reference Lab Crustacean Dis, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Neil, D. M.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Shields, J. D.; Small, H. J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Flegel, T. W.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Centex Shrimp, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Vlak, J. M.] Wageningen Univ, Virol Lab, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Jones, B.] Dept Fisheries, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. [Morado, F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Engn, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moss, S.] Ocean Inst, US Marine Shrimp Farming Program, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Lotz, J.] Univ So, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. [Bartholomay, L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Behringer, D. C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Behringer, D. C.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hauton, C.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Lightner, D. V.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Stentiford, GD (reprint author), Cefas, Weymouth Lab, European Union Reference Lab Crustacean Dis, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM grant.stentiford@cefas.co.uk OI Stentiford, Grant/0000-0001-6597-5413; Hauton, Chris/0000-0002-2313-4226 FU European Commission (Cefas) [C5202]; UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (Cefas) [FB002] FX GDS would like to thank the Co-operative Research Programme (CRP) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for supporting the Symposium 'Disease in aquatic crustaceans: problems and solutions for global food security'. Furthermore, to DG SANCO of the European Commission (Cefas Contract #C5202) and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (Cefas Contract FB002) for financial support associated with the development of this review. NR 127 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 12 U2 119 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 SI SI BP 141 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.013 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 951RU UT WOS:000304738500002 PM 22434002 ER PT J AU Morado, JF Siddeek, MSM Mullowney, DR Dawe, EG AF Morado, J. Frank Siddeek, M. S. M. Mullowney, Darrell R. Dawe, Earl G. TI Protistan parasites as mortality drivers in cold water crab fisheries SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Coldwater crabs; Disease; Environment; Host; Pathogen; Humans; Epizootiology ID CLIMATE REGIME SHIFT; EASTERN BERING-SEA; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; DUNGENESS CRAB; SNOW CRAB; CANCER-MAGISTER; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; KING CRABS AB From a historical perspective, several protistan taxa, including the recently re-aligned Microsporidia, have been associated with or identified as causes of mortalities in crustacean populations. Depending upon the host species, associated protistan prevalences could be as low as 5% or approach 100%. It has generally been assumed that reported prevalences translated directly into significant mortalities that could impact the distribution and abundance of affected populations. However, this assumption may be incorrect especially when the dynamics of host-pathogen-environment interactions are not entirely understood. We will discuss the presumed impact of several protistan pathogens on temperate and cold water commercial crab species. By using selected examples such as a ciliate in the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) and Hematodinium sp. infections in North Pacific crabs, we will attempt to contrast differences between prevalence and mortality, acute and chronic infections/mortalities, age or size selectivity of affected population, and geographically restricted and widespread epizootics. We will also briefly discuss the potential impact of environmental changes such as climate change and ocean acidification on both host and protistan pathogen. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Morado, J. Frank] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Siddeek, M. S. M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Mullowney, Darrell R.; Dawe, Earl G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. RP Morado, JF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM frank.morado@noaa.gov FU Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development FX The author would like to thank the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development for sponsorship and Dr. Grant Stentiford for organizing the special symposium entitled, "Disease in aquatic crustaceans: problems and solutions for global food security" at the 2011 Society for Invertebrate Pathology meeting. Ms. Christie Shavey provided technical assistance. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 2 SI SI BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.008 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 951RU UT WOS:000304738500009 ER PT J AU Couet, A Motta, AT Comstock, RJ Paul, RL AF Couet, Adrien Motta, Arthur T. Comstock, Robert J. Paul, Rick L. TI Cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis, a non-destructive technique for hydrogen level assessment in zirconium alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WATER; NIST AB We propose a novel use of a non-destructive technique to quantitatively assess hydrogen concentration in zirconium alloys. The technique, called Cold Neutron Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (CNPGAA), is based on measuring prompt gamma rays following the absorption of cold neutrons, and comparing the rate of detection of characteristic hydrogen gamma rays to that of gamma rays from matrix atoms. Because the emission is prompt, this method has to be performed in close proximity to a neutron source such as the one at the National Institute of Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research. Determination shown here to be simple and accurate, matching the results given by usual destructive techniques such as Vacuum Hot Extraction (VHE), with a precision of +/- 2 mg kg(-1) (or wt ppm). Very low levels of hydrogen (as low as 5 mg kg(-1) (wt ppm)) can be detected. Also, it is demonstrated that CNPGAA can be applied sequentially on an individual corrosion coupon during autoclave testing, to measure a gradually increasing hydrogen concentration. Thus, this technique can replace destructive techniques performed on "sister" samples thereby reducing experimental uncertainties. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Couet, Adrien; Motta, Arthur T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Comstock, Robert J.] Westinghouse Elect Co, Res & Technol Unit, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. [Paul, Rick L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Couet, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM axc1019@psu.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 425 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.06.044 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 952LC UT WOS:000304793000031 ER PT J AU Lee, SS AF Lee, Seoung Soo TI Effect of Aerosol on Circulations and Precipitation in Deep Convective Clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL BIN MICROPHYSICS; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; TROPICAL CONVECTION; DENSITY CURRENTS; RESOLVING MODEL; PART II; PARAMETERIZATION; STORMS; SIMULATIONS; RADIATION AB This study examines the effect of a mesoscale perturbation of aerosol on a larger-scale cloud system driven by deep convective clouds. An aerosol-perturbed domain of size 120 km is prescribed in the middle of the larger-scale domain of size 1100 km. Aerosol perturbations in the mesoscale domain result in an intensification of convection in a mesoscale convective system (MCS). This leads to an intensification of the larger-scale circulations, which in turn leads to an intensification of the larger-scale subsidence. While the invigorated convection enhances precipitation in the MCS, the intensified larger-scale subsidence acts to increase the larger-scale stability and thus to suppress convection and precipitation in the larger-scale domain. The suppression of precipitation in the larger-scale domain outweighs the enhancement of precipitation in the mesoscale domain, leading to suppressed precipitation over the entire domain. The ramifications of aerosol perturbations therefore need to be considered on scales much larger than the scale of the perturbation. C1 [Lee, Seoung Soo] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Lee, Seoung Soo] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM seoung.soo.lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA FX The author thanks NOAA's Climate Goal Program for supporting this work and the HPCC for computing support. He also thanks Graham Feingold for review. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1957 EP 1974 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0111.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951RA UT WOS:000304736500013 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Ryzhkov, AV AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI The Impact of Size Sorting on the Polarimetric Radar Variables SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MULTIMOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; LEVEL-II DATA; PART II; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; DISTRIBUTION RETRIEVAL; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; VIDEO DISDROMETER AB Differential sedimentation of precipitation occurs because heavier hydrometeors fall faster than lighter ones. Updrafts and vertical wind shear can maintain this otherwise transient size sorting, resulting in prolonged regions of ongoing particle sorting in storms. This study quantifies the impact of size sorting on the S-band polarimetric radar variables (radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization Z(H), differential reflectivity Z(DR), specific differential phase K-DP, and the copolar cross-correlation coefficient rho(hv)). These variables are calculated from output of two idealized bin models: a one-dimensional model of pure raindrop fallout and a two-dimensional rain shaft encountering vertical wind shear. Additionally, errors in the radar variables as simulated by single-, double-, and triple-moment bulk microphysics parameterizations are quantified for the same size sorting scenarios. Size sorting produces regions of sparsely concentrated large drops with a lack of smaller drops, causing Z(DR) enhancements as large as 1 dB in areas of decreased Z(H), often along a Z(H) gradient. Such areas of enhanced Z(DR) are offset from those of high Z(H) and K-DP. Illustrative examples of polarimetric radar observations in a variety of precipitation regimes demonstrate the widespread occurrence of size sorting and are consistent with the bin model simulations. Single-moment schemes are incapable of size sorting, leading to large underestimations in Z(DR) (>2 dB) compared to the bin model solution. Double-moment schemes with a fixed spectral shape parameter produce excessive size sorting by incorrectly increasing the number of large raindrops, overestimating Z(DR) by 2-3 dB. Three-moment schemes with variable shape parameters better capture the narrowing drop size distribution resulting from size sorting but can underestimate Z(DR) and overestimate K-DP by as much as 20%. Implications for polarimetric radar data assimilation into storm-scale numerical weather prediction models are discussed. C1 NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM matthew.kumjian@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Transregional Research Center on "Patterns in Landsurface-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions" [TR32] FX Research-grade polarimetric radar data from KOUN are possible because of the tireless efforts of CIMMS/NSSL engineers and scientists who maintained and operated the radar, and for this we are grateful. Partial funding from this work comes from the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The first author would like to thank the members of his doctoral committee for feedback on portions of this work: Drs. Howie "Cb" Bluestein, Guifu Zhang, Alan Shapiro, Eric Abraham (all at OU), and Dusan ZrniC (NSSL). We thank Dr. Edward "Ted" Mansell (NSSL) for reviewing an early draft of the manuscript, as well as Alex Schenkman (OU) for useful discussions and suggestions about data assimilation. Constructive comments and suggestions by Dr. Dan Dawson (NSSL) and two additional anonymous reviewers significantly improved the paper. Data from the BOXPOL radar are courtesy of the Meteorological Institute of the University of Bonn, where the first author held a Doctoral Fellowship funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Transregional Research Center on "Patterns in Landsurface-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions" (TR32). NR 71 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 6 BP 2042 EP 2060 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0125.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951RA UT WOS:000304736500018 ER PT J AU Zeng, ZH Chen, LS Bao, JW AF Zeng Zhi-hua Chen Lian-shou Bao Jian-wen TI IMPACT OF SEA SPRAY ON TROPICAL CYCLONE STRUCTURE AND INTENSITY CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sea spray; tropical cyclone; structure and intensity change; numerical simulation ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL DESCRIPTION; TURBULENT FLUXES; MOVABLE MESH; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; CLOUDS AB In this paper, the effects of sea spray on tropical cyclone (TC) structure and intensity variation are evaluated through numerical simulations using an advanced sea-spray parameterization from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL), which is incorporated in the idealized Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) model. The effect of sea spray on TC boundary-layer structure is also analyzed. The results show that there is a significant increase in TC intensity when its boundary-layer wind includes the radial and tangential winds, their structure change, and the total surface wind speed change. Diagnosis of the vorticity budget shows that an increase of convergence in TC boundary layer enhances TC vorticity due to the dynamic effect of sea spay. The main kinematic effect of the friction velocity reduction by sea spray produces an increment of large-scale convergence in the TC boundary layer, while the radial and tangential winds significantly increase with an increment of the horizontal gradient maximum of the radial wind, resulting in a final increase in the simulated TC intensity. The surface enthalpy flux enlarges TC intensity and reduces storm structure change to some degree, which results in a secondary thermodynamic impact on TC intensification. Implications of the new interpretation of sea-spray effects on TC intensification are also discussed. C1 [Zeng Zhi-hua] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zeng Zhi-hua] Shanghai Typhoon Inst, China Meteorol Adm, Lab Typhoon Forecast Tech, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Chen Lian-shou] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, China Meteorol Adm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Bao Jian-wen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zeng, ZH (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zengzh@mail.typhoon.gov.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB421500]; Natural Science Foundation of China [40875039, 40730948, 40921160381]; Projects for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China [GYHY201006008] FX Foundation item: National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB421500); Natural Science Foundation of China (40875039, 40730948, 40921160381); Projects for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China (GYHY201006008) NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-8775 J9 J TROP METEOROL JI J. Trop. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.02.004 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953SZ UT WOS:000304894800004 ER PT J AU DeMaria, M DeMaria, RT Knaff, JA Molenar, D AF DeMaria, Mark DeMaria, Robert T. Knaff, John A. Molenar, Debra TI Tropical Cyclone Lightning and Rapid Intensity Change SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; LOCATION NETWORK WWLLN; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; SFERIC ARRAY LASA; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; VERTICAL MOTIONS; PART I; HURRICANE; ATLANTIC; ICE AB A large sample of Atlantic and eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone cases (2005-10) is used to investigate the relationships between lightning activity and intensity changes for storms over water. The lightning data are obtained from the ground-based World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). The results generally confirm those from previous studies: the average lightning density (strikes per unit area and time) decreases with radius from the storm center; tropical storms tend to have more lightning than hurricanes; intensifying storms tend to have greater lightning density than weakening cyclones; and the lightning density for individual cyclones is very episodic. Results also show that Atlantic tropical cyclones tend to have greater lightning density than east Pacific storms. The largest lightning density values are associated with sheared cyclones that do not intensify very much. The results also show that when the lightning density is compared with intensity change in the subsequent 24 h, Atlantic cyclones that rapidly weaken have a larger inner-core (0-100 km) lightning density than those that rapidly intensify. Thus, large inner-core lightning outbreaks are sometimes a signal that an intensification period is coming to an end. Conversely, the lightning density in the rainband regions (200-300 km) is higher for those cyclones that rapidly intensified in the following 24 h in both the Atlantic and east Pacific. When lightning density parameters are used as input to a discriminant analysis technique, results show that lightning information has the potential to improve the short-term prediction of tropical cyclone rapid intensity changes. C1 [DeMaria, Mark] CIRA, NESDIS, STAR, CSU,NOAA, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [DeMaria, Robert T.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), CIRA, NESDIS, STAR, CSU,NOAA, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM demaria@cira.colostate.edu RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Molenar, Debra/F-5615-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU GOES-R Risk Reduction Program FX This research was partially supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program. Many valuable comments were obtained from Alexandre Fierro and an anonymous reviewer that improved the quality of this paper. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 55 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1828 EP 1842 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00236.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953BC UT WOS:000304840900007 ER PT J AU Aksoy, A Lorsolo, S Vukicevic, T Sellwood, KJ Aberson, SD Zhang, FQ AF Aksoy, Altug Lorsolo, Sylvie Vukicevic, Tomislava Sellwood, Kathryn J. Aberson, Sim D. Zhang, Fuqing TI The HWRF Hurricane Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) for High-Resolution Data: The Impact of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations in an OSSE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; CYCLONE RAPID INTENSIFICATION; KALMAN FILTER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; VORTEX RESILIENCY; MODEL; PREDICTION; INTENSITY; LANDFALL; WIND AB Within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Hurricane Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory has developed the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) to assimilate hurricane inner-core observations for high-resolution vortex initialization. HEDAS is based on a serial implementation of the square root ensemble Kalman filter. HWRF is configured with a horizontal grid spacing of 9/3 km on the outer/inner domains. In this preliminary study, airborne Doppler radar radial wind observations are simulated from a higher-resolution (4.5/1.5 km) version of the same model with other modifications that resulted in appreciable model error. A 24-h nature run simulation of Hurricane Paloma was initialized at 1200 UTC 7 November 2008 and produced a realistic, category-2-strength hurricane vortex. The impact of assimilating Doppler wind observations is assessed in observation space as well as in model space. It is observed that while the assimilation of Doppler wind observations results in significant improvements in the overall vortex structure, a general bias in the average error statistics persists because of the underestimation of overall intensity. A general deficiency in ensemble spread is also evident. While covariance inflation/relaxation and observation thinning result in improved ensemble spread, these do not translate into improvements in overall error statistics. These results strongly suggest a need to include in the ensemble a representation of forecast error growth from other sources such as model error. C1 [Aksoy, Altug] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Aksoy, Altug; Lorsolo, Sylvie; Vukicevic, Tomislava; Sellwood, Kathryn J.; Aberson, Sim D.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Aksoy, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM aaksoy@rsmas.miami.edu RI Aksoy, Altug/A-3508-2009; Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Sellwood, Kathryn/H-6500-2014 OI Aksoy, Altug/0000-0002-2335-7710; Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Sellwood, Kathryn/0000-0001-7978-9101 FU NOAA; CIMAS, a joint institute of the University of Miami and NOAA [NA67RJ0149] FX The authors acknowledge funding from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project that supported this work. This research was carried out (in part) under the auspices of CIMAS, a joint institute of the University of Miami and NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0149. HRD Director Dr. Frank Mark's guidance and leadership have been instrumental in the success of the HEDAS project. Dr. Zhiyong Meng and Dr. Yonghui Weng's inputs were very helpful in the early development of the EnKF code in HEDAS. We are also grateful for the amazing support from the HRD modeling group, especially from Dr. Xuejin Zhang and Mr. Thiago Quirino. Dr. Jeff Whitaker of NOAA/ESRL has kindly provided the GFS/EnKF data. HRD scientists Dr. Rob Rogers and Dr. Paul Reasor provided very useful criticism that enhanced the manuscript. Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers were very helpful in improving the manuscript and bringing it to its final form. Additionally, the first author wishes to acknowledge insightful discussions with Dr. Chris Snyder and Dr. Jeff Anderson throughout the HEDAS development and testing phase. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1843 EP 1862 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00212.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953BC UT WOS:000304840900008 ER PT J AU Kim, ST Yu, JY Kumar, A Wang, H AF Kim, Seon Tae Yu, Jin-Yi Kumar, Arun Wang, Hui TI Examination of the Two Types of ENSO in the NCEP CFS Model and Its Extratropical Associations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TONGUE EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EASTERN-PACIFIC; COUPLED GCM; WARM POOL; VARIABILITY; MODULATION AB Two types of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) model are examined. The model is found to produce both the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of ENSO with spatial patterns and temporal evolutions similar to the observed. The simulated ENSO intensity is comparable to the observed for the EP type, but weaker than the observed for the CP type. Further analyses reveal that the generation of the simulated CP ENSO is linked to extratropical forcing associated with the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and that the model is capable of simulating the coupled air-sea processes in the subtropical Pacific that slowly spreads the NPO-induced SST variability into the tropics, as shown in the observations. The simulated NPO, however, does not extend as far into the deep tropics as it does in the observations and the coupling in the model is not sustained as long as it is in the observations. As a result, the extratropical forcing of tropical central Pacific SST variability in the CFS model is weaker than in the observations. An additional analysis with the Bjerknes stability index indicates that the weaker CP ENSO in the CFS model is also partially due to unrealistically weak zonal advective feedback in the equatorial Pacific. These model deficiencies appear to be related to an underestimation in the amount of the marine stratus clouds off the North American coasts inducing an ocean surface warm bias in the eastern Pacific. This study suggests that a realistic simulation of these marine stratus clouds can be important for the CP ENSO simulation. C1 [Kim, Seon Tae; Yu, Jin-Yi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92620 USA. [Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Yu, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92620 USA. EM jyyu@uci.edu RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Kim, Seon Tae/G-6361-2011; Yu, Jin-Yi/G-3413-2011 OI Kim, Seon Tae/0000-0003-2628-0904; Yu, Jin-Yi/0000-0001-6156-7623 FU NSF [ATM-0925396]; NOAA-MAPP [NA11OAR4310102] FX This research was supported by NSF Grant ATM-0925396 and NOAA-MAPP Grant NA11OAR4310102. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1908 EP 1923 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00300.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953BC UT WOS:000304840900012 ER PT J AU Lorsolo, S Aksoy, A AF Lorsolo, Sylvie Aksoy, Altug TI Wavenumber Analysis of Azimuthally Distributed Data: Assessing Maximum Allowable Gap Size SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; HURRICANE ISABEL 2003; INNER-CORE; PART II; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; VORTEX STRUCTURE; INTENSE STORMS; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION AB Performing wavenumber decomposition on azimuthally distributed data such as those in tropical cyclones can be challenging when data gaps exist in the signal. In the literature, ad hoc approaches are found to determine maximum gap size beyond which not to perform Fourier decomposition. The goal of the present study is to provide a more objective and systematic method to choose the maximum gap size allowed to perform a Fourier analysis on observational data. A Monte Carlo-type experiment is conducted where signals of various wavenumber configurations are generated with gaps of varying size, then a simple interpolation scheme is applied and Fourier decomposition is performed. The wavenumber decomposition is evaluated in a way that requires retrieval of at least 80% of the original amplitude with less than 20 degrees phase shift. Maximum allowable gap size is then retrieved for wavenumbers 0-2. When prior assessment of signal configuration is available, the authors believe that the present study can provide valuable guidance for gap size beyond which Fourier decomposition is not advisable. C1 [Lorsolo, Sylvie; Aksoy, Altug] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lorsolo, Sylvie; Aksoy, Altug] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Lorsolo, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sylvie.lorsolo@noaa.gov RI Aksoy, Altug/A-3508-2009 OI Aksoy, Altug/0000-0002-2335-7710 FU NOAA; CIMAS, a joint institute of the University of Miami and NOAA [NA67RJ0149] FX The authors acknowledge funding from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project that supported this work. This research was carried out (in part) under the auspices of CIMAS, a joint institute of the University of Miami and NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0149. The authors thank Dr. Paul Reasor, Dr. John Gamache, and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful input. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1945 EP 1956 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00219.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953BC UT WOS:000304840900014 ER PT J AU Stouffer, RJ AF Stouffer, Ronald J. TI OCEANOGRAPHY Future impact of today's choices SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CO2 CONCENTRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Stouffer, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM ronald.stouffer@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 6 BP 397 EP 398 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955WM UT WOS:000305051600013 ER PT J AU Sun, DL Yu, YY Zhang, R Li, SM Goldberg, MD AF Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Zhang, Rui Li, Sanmei Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Towards Operational Automatic Flood Detection Using EOS/MODIS Data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER; VEGETATION; AVHRR; CLASSIFICATION; SATELLITE; BANGLADESH; REGRESSION; WATER; AREA AB This study investigates how to derive water fraction and flood map from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) using a Regression Tree (RT) approach, which can integrate all predictors. The New Orleans, Louisiana floods in August 2005 were selected as a case study. MODIS surface reflectance with matched water fraction data were used for training. The tree-based regression models were obtained automatically through learning process. The tree structure reveals that near-infrared reflectance is more important than the difference and ratio between near-infrared and visible channels for water fraction estimate. Flood distributions were generated using the differences in water fraction values between after and before the flooding. The derived water fractions were evaluated against 30 in Thematic Mapper (TM) data from Landsat observations. Water fractions derived from the MODIS and TM data agree well (R-2 = 0.94, bias = 0.38 percent, and RMSE = 4.35 percent). The results show that the RT approach in dynamic monitoring of floods is acceptable. C1 [Sun, Donglian; Zhang, Rui; Li, Sanmei] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Sun, DL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dsun@gmu.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU GOES-R Algorithm Working Group FX The authors thank the editor for his responsible help and the reviewers for their constructive comments. This study was supported by the GOES-R program through the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 78 IS 6 BP 637 EP 646 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 952KK UT WOS:000304791200008 ER PT J AU Zeller, W Mayle, M Bonato, T Reinelt, G Schmelcher, P AF Zeller, Wolfgang Mayle, Michael Bonato, Thorsten Reinelt, Gerhard Schmelcher, Peter TI Spectra and ground states of one- and two-dimensional laser-driven lattices of ultracold Rydberg atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; BLOCKADE AB We investigate static properties of laser-driven ultracold Rydberg atoms confined to one- and two-dimensional uniform lattices in the limit of vanishing laser coupling. The spectral structure of square lattices is compared to those of linear chains, and similarities as well as differences are pointed out. Furthermore, we employ a method based on elements of graph theory to numerically determine the laser-detuning-dependent ground states of various lattice geometries. Ground states for chains as well as square and rectangular lattices are provided and are discussed. C1 [Zeller, Wolfgang; Schmelcher, Peter] Univ Hamburg, Zent Opti Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Mayle, Michael] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mayle, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bonato, Thorsten; Reinelt, Gerhard] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Comp Sci, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Zeller, W (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Zent Opti Quantentechnol, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. EM peter.schmelcher@physnet.uni-hamburg.de RI Mayle, Michael/A-2423-2009; Schmelcher, Peter/D-9592-2014 OI Schmelcher, Peter/0000-0002-2637-0937 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Initial Training Network COHERENCE (Marie-Curie Actions) of the European Union FX M.M. acknowledges financial support from a fellowship within the postdoctorate programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). P.S. acknowledges financial support from the Initial Training Network COHERENCE (Marie-Curie Actions) of the Program FP7 of the European Union. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 6 AR 063603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.063603 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 951AE UT WOS:000304692200010 ER PT J AU Burton, BP van de Walle, A AF Burton, Benjamin Paul van de Walle, Axel TI First principles phase diagram calculations for the octahedral-interstitial system HfOX, 0 <= X <= 1/2 SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HfOX; Hf suboxides; Devil's staircase; Long-period superstructures; First principles phase diagram calculation ID ORDER-DISORDER TRANSFORMATION; ZIRCONIUM-OXYGEN ALLOYS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ALPHA-ZIRCONIUM; HAFNIUM; METALS; MODEL AB First principles based phase diagram calculations were performed for the hexagonal closest packed octahedral-interstitial solid solution system alpha HfOx ( alpha Hf[ ](1-X)O-X = vacancy; 0 <= X <= 1/2). The cluster expansion method was used to do a ground state analysis, and to calculate the phase diagram. The predicted diagram has four ordered ground-states in the range 0 <= X <= 1/2, but one of these, at X = 5/12, is predicted to disproportionate at T approximate to 220 K. At X approximate to 1/3 (Hf3O) and X approximate to 1/2 (Hf2O), order-parameter vs. temperature plots evince cascades of closely related ordered structures that are suggestive of Devil's Staircases. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Burton, Benjamin Paul] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [van de Walle, Axel] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov; avdw@alum.mit.edu RI van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 FU NSF [DMR050013N]; ONR [N00014-11-1-0261] FX This research was supported by NSF through TeraGrid and/or Xsede resources provided by NCSA and TACC under grant DMR050013N and by ONR under grant N00014-11-1-0261. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 37 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.011 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 948LP UT WOS:000304505000021 ER PT J AU Millar, RB McKechnie, S Jordan, CE AF Millar, Russell B. McKechnie, Sam Jordan, Chris E. TI Simple estimators of salmonid escapement and its variance using a new area-under-the-curve method SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPAWNING ESCAPEMENTS; COHO SALMON; STREAMS; COUNTS; REDDS; TIME AB If observed numbers of spawning salmon are plotted against sampling date, then the area under the curve (AUC) gives an estimate of spawner-days. Dividing AUC by spawner lifetime and adjusting for observer efficiency gives an estimate of spawner escapement. In particular, the trapezoidal form of AUC estimator has been widely used over the last two decades, despite the absence of a direct method for calculating its variance. For this reason, an alternative estimator of escapement was developed using a maximum likelihood (ML) model of spawner arrivals. However, this alternative has not been widely used, perhaps because of its complexity and concerns over validity of assumptions. Here, a simpler ML approach is used to estimate AUC by fitting a model directly to spawner numbers. It can be fitted using existing generalized linear modeling software and provides an explicit variance estimator for AUC and escapement. Simulations show that it has consistently higher coverage than the existing ML estimator. However, the trapezoidal AUC estimator was generally a slightly more precise estimator of escapement than either of the ML approaches. C1 [Millar, Russell B.; McKechnie, Sam] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Jordan, Chris E.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Millar, RB (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM millar@stat.auckland.ac.nz FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, Washington, USA) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US National Research Council FX Russell Millar was partially supported on this work by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, Washington, USA) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and by the US National Research Council's Senior Research Fellowship program. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1015 DI 10.1139/F2012-034 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 948WM UT WOS:000304533800002 ER PT J AU Rupp, DE Wainwright, TC Lawson, PW AF Rupp, David E. Wainwright, Thomas C. Lawson, Peter W. TI Effect of forecast skill on management of the Oregon coast coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fishery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE SURVIVAL; PERFORMANCE; NERKA; UNCERTAINTIES; METAANALYSIS; VARIABILITY AB Better fisheries management is often given as one justification for research on improving forecasts of fish survival. However, the value gained from expected improvements in forecast skill in terms of achieving management goals is rarely quantified as part of research objectives. Using Monte Carlo simulations of population dynamics, we assessed the effect of forecast skill under two strategies for managing Oregon coast natural (OCN) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The first, or status quo, strategy is currently being used to rebuild threatened OCN coho populations. This strategy determines harvest based on both a forecasted marine survival rate and parental spawner abundance. The second strategy relies on a forecast of preharvest adult abundance to achieve a constant spawner escapement target. Performance of the status quo strategy was largely insensitive to forecast skill, while the second strategy showed sensitivity that varied with escapement target and specific performance metric. The results imply that effort towards improving forecasts is not justifiable solely on the basis of improved management under the status quo strategy, though it may be were the management strategy altered. C1 [Rupp, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR USA. [Wainwright, Thomas C.; Lawson, Peter W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. RP Rupp, DE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, 326 Strand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM David.Rupp@oregonstate.edu RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X; FU NOAA [09-10] FX We thank Erik Suring (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) for providing salmon data from the Life Cycle Monitoring Sites and Mark Scheuerell, Andi Stephens, Heather Stout, and three anonymous reviewers for providing comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program (project No. 09-10). NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1032 DI 10.1139/F2012-040 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 948WM UT WOS:000304533800003 ER PT J AU Hogg, CR Mullen, K Levin, I AF Hogg, Charles R., III Mullen, Katharine Levin, Igor TI A Bayesian approach for denoising one-dimensional data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POISSON NOISE; IMAGES; ERRORS AB A Bayesian technique to correct for Poisson noise in one-dimensional data, such as X-ray/neutron scattering curves, is presented. This 'denoising' method calculates a probability for any given curve to be the true underlying signal and generates the curves having the highest probabilities. Gaussian processes with a nonstationary squared-exponential covariance function are used to obtain smooth curves without needing to assume a particular functional form. Two benchmark denoising methods, adaptive weights smoothing and wavelet shrinkage, formed a basis for comparison. All three methods were tested on different types of X-ray scattering data. Besides producing quantitative uncertainty estimates, which the benchmarks lacked, the Bayesian technique met or exceeded their fidelity to the true signal, as measured by mean-square residuals. A free software implementation of the methods described in this paper has been developed. C1 [Hogg, Charles R., III; Mullen, Katharine; Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hogg, Charles R., III] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hogg, CR (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.hogg@nist.gov FU National Institute for Standards and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX The authors are grateful to Victor Krayzmann and Adam Pintar for helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript, and to Antonio Possolo for introducing us to Gaussian processes. CRH acknowledges support under the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 45 BP 471 EP 481 DI 10.1107/S0021889812015154 PN 3 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 947BV UT WOS:000304402500012 ER PT J AU Krycka, K Chen, WC Borchers, J Maranville, B Watson, S AF Krycka, Kathryn Chen, Wangchun Borchers, Julie Maranville, Brian Watson, Shannon TI Polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering. I. Polarized data reduction using Pol-Corr SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPIN FILTERS; HE-3; SANS; INVERSION AB Pol-Corr is a free computer program that corrects for the neutron polarization inefficiencies that are characteristic of polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering experiments, namely those inefficiencies associated with a static neutron polarizer, a neutron spin flipper, beam depolarization and a time-varying neutron spin analyzer. The software is designed to interface directly with small-angle neutron scattering data acquired at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, but the algorithms are generally applicable and can be readily adapted for other data formats. The explicit neutron measurements required to characterize each polarizing element are derived, and these become the input parameters for Pol-Corr. C1 [Krycka, Kathryn; Chen, Wangchun; Borchers, Julie; Maranville, Brian; Watson, Shannon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Wangchun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Krycka, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov FU US National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Yumi Ijiri, Liv Dedon, Cindi Dennis, Andrew Jackson, Sami El Khatib and Mike Fitzsimmons for their vigorous software testing. We also thank Sara Majetich, Ryan Booth, Josep Nogues, Rob Ivkov and Chris Leighton for providing a variety of magnetic systems on which to develop our software, Cosmin Blaga for his aid in setting up the LabVIEW framework, and Cedric Gagnon for his efforts in making the PASANS experiments successful. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0944772. The development of the 3He spin filters was supported in part by the US Department of Energy. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 45 BP 546 EP 553 DI 10.1107/S0021889812003445 PN 3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 947BV UT WOS:000304402500022 ER PT J AU Krycka, K Borchers, J Ijiri, Y Booth, R Majetich, S AF Krycka, Kathryn Borchers, Julie Ijiri, Yumi Booth, Ryan Majetich, Sara TI Polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering. II. Mathematical angular analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SCATTERING; SLOW-NEUTRONS; SPIN FILTERS; HE-3; REDUCTION; SANS AB Polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a powerful tool for the study of magnetic morphology with directional sensitivity. Building upon polarized scattering theory, this article presents simplified procedures for the reduction of longitudinally polarized SANS into terms of the three mutually orthogonal magnetic scattering contributions plus a structural contribution. Special emphasis is given to the treatment of anisotropic systems. The meaning and significance of scattering interferences between nuclear and magnetic scattering and between the scattering from magnetic moments projected onto distinct orthogonal axes are discussed in detail. Concise tables summarize the algorithms derived for the most commonly encountered conditions. These tables are designed to be used as a reference in the challenging task of extracting the full wealth of information available from polarization-analyzed SANS. C1 [Krycka, Kathryn; Borchers, Julie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ijiri, Yumi] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Booth, Ryan; Majetich, Sara] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Krycka, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672, DMR-0704178, DMR-0944772, DMR-0804779, DMR-1104489]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER40481] FX We gratefully acknowledge Chuck Majkrzak for his reduction of the Halpern-Johnson vector notation into intuitive terms depending only upon scattering angles and for discussions regarding chirality. This work utilized facilities supported in part by National Science Foundation grants DMR-0454672, DMR-0704178, DMR-0944772, DMR-0804779 and DMR-1104489 and Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-08ER40481. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 45 BP 554 EP 565 DI 10.1107/S0021889812010114 PN 3 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 947BV UT WOS:000304402500023 ER PT J AU Gnaupel-Herold, T AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas TI ISODEC: software for calculating diffraction elastic constants SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Software Review ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB A program is introduced that calculates diffraction elastic constants for the Reuss, modified Voigt, Hill, Kroner and inverse Kroner models. For materials with preferred orientation it uses the orientation distribution function (ODF) to calculate the anisotropic stress factors. The ODF is read in text format as output from the freely available texture programs popLA and MTEX. The software also calculates the orientation-dependent mixing ratios of intensities of overlapped reflections, anisotropic bulk constants, and stress from lattice strain and vice versa. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Bldg 090,Room 2135, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 45 BP 573 EP 574 DI 10.1107/S0021889812014252 PN 3 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 947BV UT WOS:000304402500026 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Phinney, KW AF Bedner, Mary Phinney, Karen W. TI Development and comparison of three liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry methods for determining vitamin D metabolites in human serum SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE LC-MS; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-2; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3; 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D-3; Standard Reference Material; Human serum ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-2; HUMAN PLASMA; C-3 EPIMERS; INFANTS; ADULTS; HPLC AB Liquid chromatographic methods with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry were developed for the determination of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2 (25(OH)D-2). 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25(OH)D-3), and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin-D-3 (3-epi-25(OH)D-3) in the four Levels of SRM 972, Vitamin Din Human Serum. One method utilized a C18 column, which separates 25(OH)D-2 and 25(OH)D-3, and one method utilized a CN column that also resolves the diastereomers 25(OH)D-3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D-3. Both methods utilized stable isotope labeled internal standards for quantitation of 25(OH)D-2 and 25(OH)D-3. These methods were subsequently used to evaluate SRM 909c Human Serum, and 25(OH)D-3 was the only vitamin D metabolite detected in this material. However, SRM 909c samples contained matrix peaks that interfered with the determination of the [H-2(6)]-25(OH)D-3 peak area. The chromatographic conditions for the C18 column were modified to remove this interference, but conditions that separated the matrix peaks from [H-2(6)]-25(OH)D-3 on the CN column could not be identified. The alternate internal standard [H-2(3)]-25(OH)D-3 did not suffer from matrix interferences and was used for quantitation of 25(OH)D-3 in SRM 909c. During the evaluation of SRM 909c samples, a third method was developed using a pentafluorophenylpropyl column that also separates the diastereomers 25(OH)D-3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D-3. The 25(OH)D-3 was measured in SRM 909c using all three methods, and the results were compared. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bedner, Mary; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bedner, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 1240 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.091 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 948GN UT WOS:000304491700015 PM 22533908 ER PT J AU Hughes, ALH Armitage, PJ AF Hughes, Anna L. H. Armitage, Philip J. TI Global variation of the dust-to-gas ratio in evolving protoplanetary discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary discs; stars: pre-main-sequence; stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be ID PLANETESIMAL FORMATION; SOLAR NEBULA; FORMING PLANETESIMALS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; SOLID PARTICLES; GROWTH PEBBLES; DEBRIS DISKS; GRAIN-GROWTH; TAURI DISKS AB Recent theories suggest planetesimal formation via streaming and/or gravitational instabilities may be triggered by localized enhancements in the dust-to-gas ratio, and one hypothesis is that sufficient enhancements may be produced in the pile-up of small solid particles inspiralling under aerodynamic drag from the large mass reservoir in the outer disc. Studies of particle pile-up in static gas discs have provided partial support for this hypothesis. Here, we study the radial and temporal evolution of the dust-to-gas ratio in turbulent discs that evolve under the action of viscosity and photoevaporation. We find that particle pile-ups do not generically occur within evolving discs, particularly if the introduction of large grains is restricted to the inner, dense regions of a disc. Instead, radial drift results in depletion of solids from the outer disc, while the inner disc maintains a dust-to-gas ratio that is within a factor of similar to 2 of the initial value. We attribute this result to the short time-scales for turbulent diffusion and radial advection (with the mean gas flow) in the inner disc. We show that the qualitative evolution of the dust-to-gas ratio depends only weakly upon the parameters of the disc model (the disc mass, size, viscosity and value of the Schmidt number), and discuss the implications for planetesimal formation via collective instabilities. Our results suggest that in discs where there is a significant level of midplane turbulence and accretion, planetesimal formation would need to be possible in the absence of large-scale enhancements. Instead, trapping and concentration of particles within local turbulent structures may be required as a first stage of planetesimal formation. C1 [Hughes, Anna L. H.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, Anna L. H.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, Anna L. H.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hughes, ALH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM anna.haugsjaa@colorado.edu; pja@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0807471] FX We would like to thank Til Birnstiel and an anonymous reviewer for comments which led to a much clearer and generally improved manuscript. Our work was supported by NASA, under award NNX09AB90G and NNX11AE12G from the Origins of Solar Systems and Astrophysics Theory programmes, and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award AST-0807471. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 423 IS 1 BP 389 EP 405 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20892.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 949TP UT WOS:000304599100029 ER PT J AU Constantino, PJ Lee, JJW Gerbig, Y Hartstone-Rose, A Talebi, M Lawn, BR Lucas, PW AF Constantino, Paul J. Lee, James J. -W. Gerbig, Yvonne Hartstone-Rose, Adam Talebi, Mauricio Lawn, Brian R. Lucas, Peter W. TI The role of tooth enamel mechanical properties in primate dietary adaptation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dental ecology; elastic modulus; hardness; nanoindentation; diet ID SYMPATRIC LOWLAND GORILLAS; RANOMAFANA NATIONAL-PARK; ELASTIC-MODULUS; LOPE RESERVE; MOLAR ENAMEL; MOUNTAIN BABOONS; LAYER STRUCTURES; FALLBACK FOODS; DENTAL CROWNS; PAPIO-URSINUS AB Primate teeth adapt to the physical properties of foods in a variety of ways including changes in occlusal morphology, enamel thickness, and overall size. We conducted a comparative study of extant primates to examine whether their teeth also adapt to foods through variation in the mechanical properties of the enamel. Nanoindentation techniques were used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across tooth sections from the enamel-dentin junction to the outer enamel surface in a broad sample of primates including apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and lemurs. The measured data profiles feature considerable overlap among species, indicating a high degree of commonality in mechanical properties. These results suggest that differences in the load-bearing capacity of primate molar teeth are more a function of morphologyparticularly tooth size and enamel thicknessthan of underlying mechanical properties. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:171177, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Constantino, Paul J.; Lawn, Brian R.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Lee, James J. -W.; Gerbig, Yvonne; Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hartstone-Rose, Adam] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Altoona, PA USA. [Talebi, Mauricio] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, Diadema, Brazil. [Lawn, Brian R.; Lucas, Peter W.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA. [Lucas, Peter W.] Kuwait Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Bioclin Sci, Kuwait, Kuwait. RP Constantino, PJ (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. EM paulconstantino@gmail.com RI Hartstone-Rose, Adam/I-3503-2016; OI Hartstone-Rose, Adam/0000-0001-5307-5573; Talebi , Mauricio /0000-0001-6783-2715 FU National Science Foundation; National Research Council; George Washington University FX Grant sponsors: National Science Foundation, National Research Council, George Washington University Research Enhancement Fund. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 148 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1002/ajpa.21576 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 945CF UT WOS:000304249700003 PM 22610893 ER PT J AU Hoffmayer, ER Hendon, JM Parsons, GR AF Hoffmayer, Eric R. Hendon, Jill M. Parsons, Glenn R. TI Seasonal modulation in the secondary stress response of a carcharhinid shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physiological Stress Response in Elasmobranch Fishes/26th Annual Meeting of the American-Elasmobranch-Society CY JUL 10-11, 2010 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Elasmobranch Soc DE Glucose; Hematocrit; Lactate; Osmolality; Seasonal; Shark; Stress ID ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; GILL-NET CAPTURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RAINBOW-TROUT; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS; POSTRELEASE SURVIVORSHIP; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MOLECULAR ECOLOGY AB Some animals have the ability to modulate their stress response depending on the type and duration of the stressor. Modulations can initiate behavioral changes that increase fitness during the stressful period. The goal of this study was to determine if Atlantic sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, exhibit seasonal modulations in their secondary stress parameters. Mature, male Atlantic sharpnose sharks were acutely stressed and serially sampled for one-hour, during spring, summer, and fall. An elevated stress response was observed for plasma glucose, lactate and osmolality during summer compared to spring and fall. Glucose also exhibited elevated initial concentrations, followed by a linear response during summer; varying from the asymptotic response during spring and fall. Hematocrit did not show differences over time or season; however, the power of the analysis was low due to the small sample size. When an additional 120 samples were included in the analysis, significantly higher initial hematocrit values were found during summer. Based on these results we suggest that summer is a demanding time for Atlantic sharpnose sharks. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Parsons, Glenn R.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Hendon, Jill M.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Hoffmayer, ER (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM eric.hoffmayer@noaa.gov NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 162 IS 2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 946ED UT WOS:000304333400003 PM 21596154 ER PT J AU Nanninga, NE Levy, YS Drexler, ES Condon, RT Stevenson, AE Slifka, AJ AF Nanninga, N. E. Levy, Y. S. Drexler, E. S. Condon, R. T. Stevenson, A. E. Slifka, A. J. TI Comparison of hydrogen embrittlement in three pipeline steels in high pressure gaseous hydrogen environments SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Steel; Hydrogen embrittlement ID CRACKING; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRESS; X52 AB The tensile properties of X52, X65, and X100 pipeline steels have been measured in a high-pressure (13.8 MPa) hydrogen gas environment. Significant decreases in elongation at failure and reduction of area were observed when testing in hydrogen as compared with air, and those changes were accompanied by noticeable changes in fracture morphology. In addition to baseline characterization of the effects of strength and microstructure on the X52, X65, and X100 alloys, the influence of strain rate and hydrogen gas pressure was studied for only the X100 alloy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nanninga, N. E.; Levy, Y. S.; Drexler, E. S.; Condon, R. T.; Stevenson, A. E.; Slifka, A. J.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), 325 Broadway,M-S 853, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Andrew.slifka@nist.gov FU Department of Transportation [DTPH56-09-T-00005] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding for this program from the Department of Transportation, DTPH56-09-T-00005. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 59 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.01.028 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946FU UT WOS:000304337700001 ER PT J AU Wu, H Zhou, W Pinkerton, FE Udovic, TJ Yildirim, T Rush, JJ AF Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Pinkerton, Frederick E. Udovic, Terrence J. Yildirim, Taner Rush, John J. TI Metal hydrazinoborane LiN2H3BH3 and LiN2H3BH3 center dot 2N(2)H(4)BH(3): crystal structures and high-extent dehydrogenation SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA-BORANE DEHYDROGENATION; CHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE; AMIDOBORANES; RELEASE; LITHIUM AB The first example of metal hydrazinoborane, LiN2H3BH3, and its hydrazine borane adduct LiN2H3BH3 center dot 2N(2)H(4)BH(3) were synthesized with their crystal structures successfully determined. The metal hydrazinoboranes exhibit dramatically improved dehydrogenation over the pristine hydrazine borane (N2H4BH3) with nearly complete dehydrogenation in a mild temperature range (50-225 degrees C) and high purity of H-2 release. C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Yildirim, Taner; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pinkerton, Frederick E.] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Chem Sci & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU DOE-EERE [DE-EE0002978]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work is partially supported by the DOE-EERE grant no. DE-EE0002978 (T.J.U.) and DOE-BES grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (T.Y.). NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 BP 7531 EP 7535 DI 10.1039/c2ee21508j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946MD UT WOS:000304354900022 ER PT J AU Keller, JM Ngai, L McNeill, JB Wood, LD Stewart, KR O'Connell, SG Kucklick, JR AF Keller, Jennifer M. Ngai, Lily McNeill, Joanne Braun Wood, Lawrence D. Stewart, Kelly R. O'Connell, Steven G. Kucklick, John R. TI Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in plasma of five sea turtle species: Comparisons in concentration and potential health risks SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Marine turtles; Reptiles; Environmental pollutants; Trophic magnification; Persistent organic pollutants ID POTASSIUM PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE K+PFOS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARETTA-CARETTA; UNITED-STATES; FOOD-WEB; SULFONATE; RAT; LOGGERHEAD AB The authors compared blood plasma concentrations of 13 perfluoroalkyl contaminants (PFCs) in five sea turtle species with differing trophic levels. Wild sea turtles were blood sampled from the southeastern region of the United States, and plasma was analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Mean concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the predominant PFC, increased with trophic level from herbivorous greens (2.41?ng/g), jellyfish-eating leatherbacks (3.95?ng/g), omnivorous loggerheads (6.47?ng/g), to crab-eating Kemp's ridleys (15.7?ng/g). However, spongivorous hawksbills had surprisingly high concentrations of PFOS (11.9?ng/g) and other PFCs based on their trophic level. These baseline concentrations of biomagnifying PFCs demonstrate interesting species and geographical differences. The measured PFOS concentrations were compared with concentrations known to cause toxic effects in laboratory animals, and estimated margins of safety (EMOS) were calculated. Small EMOS (<100), suggestive of potential risk of adverse health effects, were observed for all five sea turtle species for immunosuppression. Estimated margins of safety less than 100 were also observed for liver, thyroid, and neurobehavorial effects for the more highly exposed species. These baseline concentrations and the preliminary EMOS exercise provide a better understanding of the potential health risks of PFCs for conservation managers to protect these threatened and endangered species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:12231230. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Keller, Jennifer M.; O'Connell, Steven G.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Ngai, Lily; O'Connell, Steven G.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [McNeill, Joanne Braun] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC USA. [Wood, Lawrence D.] Loggerhead Marinelife Ctr, Juno Beach, FL USA. [Stewart, Kelly R.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Jennifer.Keller@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0552828]; Department of Defense ASSURE FX This paper was based on work supported by the National Science Foundation Award DBI-0552828 and the Department of Defense ASSURE Program. We thank L. Avens for helping with sample collection. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1230 DI 10.1002/etc.1818 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 943UL UT WOS:000304150700008 PM 22447337 ER PT J AU Deroba, JJ Bence, JR AF Deroba, Jonathan J. Bence, James R. TI Evaluating harvest control rules for lake whitefish in the Great Lakes: Accounting for variable life-history traits SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Simulation; Control rules; Management strategy evaluation; Lake whitefish; Great Lakes ID MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES; MICHIGAN; POLICIES; STOCKS; FISH; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Few studies have evaluated the performance of harvest control rules while considering uncertainties in life history traits and the management process. We conducted such a study using an age-structured simulation based on lake whitefish in the Great Lakes. The control rules compared were a constant fishing mortality (constantF), conditional constant catch (CCC), biomass-based (BB), and constantF and BB with a 15% limit on the interannual change in the target catch (constantF-lim, BB-lim, respectively). Our application of the CCC and BB rules was conditioned on having reliable estimates of some reference point (e.g., unfished biomass). With appropriate policy parameters, the BB and constantF rules attained higher average yield and spawning stock biomass than other control rules. At yields that could be achieved by all rules, the CCC, constantF-lim, and BB-lim rules had the lowest yearly variability in yield, but at the cost of more frequent low biomass. The relative performance of the control rules was generally consistent with previous research that did not include the variation in life history traits unique to our simulations, which suggested that these variable traits did not affect relative control rule performance. The BB rule achieved more yield and less risk of low biomass than the constantF rule currently used for lake whitefish, with only a modest increase in yield variability. Given that the BB rule requires a stock-specific estimate of unfished biomass, and the constantF rule does not, this result suggests that reliable estimates of unfished biomass could provide substantial value. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Deroba, Jonathan J.; Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Deroba, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jonathan.deroba@noaa.gov; bence@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X FU MDNR; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F80-R, Study 230713] FX We are grateful to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) and Chippewa-Ottawa Resource Authority personnel who collected and provided data for this project. We thank the Modeling Subcommittee of 1836 Treaty Waters and personnel at the Quantitative Fisheries Center and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University for commenting on presentations related to this research. We would especially like to thank Mark Ebener for his insights on characteristics of lake whitefish and the associated fishery. Ty Wagner, Gretchen Hansen, Melissa Mata, Brian Linton, Jean Tsao, Mike Jones, Bill Taylor, and Brian Irwin provided discussions and advice that aided this research. Members of the Appleknockers Fish and Game Club were early inspirations for this work. Funding for this project was provided by the MDNR and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (F80-R, Study 230713). This manuscript is publication 2012-01 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 121 BP 88 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.01.015 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944RY UT WOS:000304222700010 ER PT J AU Farrell, SL Kurtz, N Connor, LN Elder, BC Leuschen, C Markus, T McAdoo, DC Panzer, B Richter-Menge, J Sonntag, JG AF Farrell, Sinead Louise Kurtz, Nathan Connor, Laurence N. Elder, Bruce C. Leuschen, Carlton Markus, Thorsten McAdoo, David C. Panzer, Ben Richter-Menge, Jacqueline Sonntag, John G. TI A First Assessment of IceBridge Snow and Ice Thickness Data Over Arctic Sea Ice SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Altimetry; geophysical measurement techniques; remote sensing; sea ice; snow ID LASER ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS; AIRBORNE LASER; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; DEPTH; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; CAMPAIGN; SHEBA AB We present a first assessment of airborne laser and radar altimeter data over snow-covered sea ice, gathered during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Operation IceBridge Mission. We describe a new technique designed to process radar echograms fromthe University of Kansas snow radar to estimate snow depth. We combine IceBridge laser altimetry with radar-derived snow depths to determine sea ice thickness. Results are validated through comparison with direct measurements of snow and ice thickness collected in situ at the Danish GreenArc 2009 sea ice camp located on fast ice north of Greenland. The IceBridge instrument suite provides accurate measurements of snow and ice thickness, particularly over level ice. Mean IceBridge snow and ice thickness agree with in situ measurements to within similar to 0.01 and similar to 0.05 m, respectively, while modal snow and ice thickness estimates agree to within 0.02 and 0.10 m, respectively. IceBridge snow depths were correlated with in situ measurements (R = 0.7, for an averaging length of 55 m). The uncertainty associated with the derived IceBridge sea ice thickness estimates is 0.40 m. The results demonstrate the retrieval of both first-year and multiyear ice thickness from IceBridge data. The airborne data were however compromised in heavily ridged ice where snow depth, and hence ice thickness, could not be measured. Techniques developed as part of this study will be used for routine processing of IceBridge retrievals over Arctic sea ice. The limitations of the GreenArc study are discussed, and recommendations for future validation of airborne measurements via field activities are provided. C1 [Farrell, Sinead Louise] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kurtz, Nathan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kurtz, Nathan; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Connor, Laurence N.; McAdoo, David C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Satellite Oceanog & Climatol Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Elder, Bruce C.; Richter-Menge, Jacqueline] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Leuschen, Carlton; Panzer, Ben] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Sonntag, John G.] URS Corp, NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Farrell, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sineadf@umd.edu; nathan.t.kurtz@nasa.gov; laurence.connor@noaa.gov; Bruce.C.Elder@usace.army.mil; leuschen@cresis.ku.edu; thorsten.markus@nasa.gov; dave.mcadoo@noaa.gov; bpanzer@ku.edu; Jacqueline.A.Richter-Menge@usace.army.mil; john.g.sonntag@nasa.gov RI Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010 OI Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564 FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported by NOAA, and the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 34 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2098 EP 2111 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2170843 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 945AZ UT WOS:000304246500002 ER PT J AU Gladkova, I Grossberg, MD Shahriar, F Bonev, G Romanov, P AF Gladkova, Irina Grossberg, Michael D. Shahriar, Fazlul Bonev, George Romanov, Peter TI Quantitative Restoration for MODIS Band 6 on Aqua SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aqua; band 6; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); restoration; stripping ID FIELDS AB Due to the harsh conditions of space, the detectors within satellite-based multispectral imagers are always at risk of damage or failure. In particular, 15 out of the 20 detectors that produce the 1.6-mu m band 6 of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua are either dead or noisy. In this paper, we describe a quantitative image restoration (QIR) algorithm that is able to accurately estimate and restore the data lost due to multiple-detector failure. The small number of functioning detectors is used to train a restoration function that is based on a multivariate regression using the information in a spatial-spectral window around each restored pixel. The information from other spectral bands allows QIR to perform well even when standard image interpolation breaks down due to large contiguous sections of the image being missing, as is the case for MODIS band 6 on Aqua. We present a comprehensive evaluation of the QIR algorithm by simulating the Aqua damage using the working 1.6-mu m band of MODIS on Terra and then comparing the QIR restoration to the original (unbroken) Terra image. We also compare our results with other researchers' prior work that has been based on the assumption that band 6 could be approximated well solely as a function of the related band 7. We present empirical evidence that there is information in the other 500- and 250-m bands, excluding bands 6 and 7, that can inform the estimation of missing band 6 data. We demonstrate superior performance of QIR over previous algorithms as reflected by a reduced root-mean-square-error evaluation. The QIR algorithm may also be adapted to other cases and provides a powerful and general algorithm to mitigate the risks of detector damage in multispectral remote sensing. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Grossberg, Michael D.; Romanov, Peter] CUNY City Coll, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Shahriar, Fazlul; Bonev, George] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; grossberg@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; fshahriar@gc.cuny.edu; gbonev@gc.cuny.edu; Peter.Romanov@noaa.gov RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307 FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [DG133E07CQ0077] FX This work was supported in part by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under Grant DG133E07CQ0077. The views, opinions, and findings in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA and/or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2409 EP 2416 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2173499 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 945AZ UT WOS:000304246500025 ER PT J AU Swanson, CA Zimmermann, MB Skeaff, S Pearce, EN Dwyer, JT Trumbo, PR Zehaluk, C Andrews, KW Carriquiry, A Caldwel, KL Egan, SK Long, SE Bailey, RL Sullivan, KM Holden, JM Betz, JM Phinney, KW Brooks, SPJ Johnson, CL Haggans, CJ AF Swanson, Christine A. Zimmermann, Michael B. Skeaff, Sheila Pearce, Elizabeth N. Dwyer, Johanna T. Trumbo, Paula R. Zehaluk, Christina Andrews, Karen W. Carriquiry, Alicia Caldwel, Kathleen L. Egan, S. Kathleen Long, Stephen E. Bailey, Regan Lucas Sullivan, Kevin M. Holden, Joanne M. Betz, Joseph M. Phinney, Karen W. Brooks, Stephen P. J. Johnson, Clifford L. Haggans, Carol J. TI Summary of an NIH Workshop to Identify Research Needs to Improve the Monitoring of Iodine Status in the United States and to Inform the DRI SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID URINARY IODINE; THYROID-FUNCTION; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; IODIZED SALT; BREAST-MILK; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DOUBLE-BLIND; DEFICIENCY; NUTRITION AB The Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the NIH sponsored a workshop on May 12-13, 2011, to bring together representatives from various NIH institutes and centers as a first step in developing an NIH iodine research initiative. The workshop also provided an opportunity to identify research needs that would inform the dietary reference intakes for iodine, which were last revised in 2001. Iodine is required throughout the life cycle, but pregnant women and infants are the populations most at risk of deficiency, because iodine is required for normal brain development and growth. The CDC monitors iodine status of the population on a regular basis, but the status of the most vulnerable populations remains uncertain. The NIH funds very little investigator-initiated research relevant to iodine and human nutrition, but the ODS has worked for several years with a number of other U.S. government agencies to develop many of the resources needed to conduct iodine research of high quality (e.g., validated analytical methods and reference materials for multiple types of samples). Iodine experts, scientists from several U.S. government agencies, and NIH representatives met for 2 d to identify iodine research needs appropriate to the NIH mission. J. Nutr. 142: 1175S-1185S, 2012. C1 [Swanson, Christine A.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Bailey, Regan Lucas; Betz, Joseph M.; Haggans, Carol J.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zimmermann, Michael B.] ETH, Inst Food & Nutr, Zurich, Switzerland. [Skeaff, Sheila] Univ Otago, Dept Human Nutr, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Pearce, Elizabeth N.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Evans Ctr Interdisciplinary Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Trumbo, Paula R.; Egan, S. Kathleen] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zehaluk, Christina; Brooks, Stephen P. J.] Hlth Canada, Bur Nutr Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Andrews, Karen W.; Holden, Joanne M.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Carriquiry, Alicia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. [Caldwel, Kathleen L.; Sullivan, Kevin M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Long, Stephen E.; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, Clifford L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Swanson, CA (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM swansonc@od.nih.gov RI Zimmermann, Michael/C-3062-2016; OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NIH Office of Dietary Supplements FX Published in a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Presented at the Office of Dietary Supplements Iodine Workshop, held in Rockville, Maryland, May 12-13, 2011. The workshop was organized and sponsored by the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or other government agencies. The views expressed in these papers are not necessarily those of the Supplement Coordinator or Guest Editors. The Supplement Coordinator for this supplement was Christine A. Swanson, Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH. Supplement Coordinator disclosures: Christine A. Swanson had no conflicts to disclose. This supplement is the responsibility of the Guest Editor to whom the Editor of The Journal of Nutrition has delegated supervision of both technical conformity to the published regulations of The Journal of Nutrition and general oversight of the scientific merit of each article. The Guest Editor for this supplement was A. Catharine Ross, Guest Editor disclosure: A. Catharine Ross had no conflicts to disclose. Publication costs for this supplement were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This publication must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or the publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of The Journal of Nutrition. NR 92 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 142 IS 6 BP 1175S EP 1185S DI 10.3945/jn.111.156448 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 946EY UT WOS:000304335500030 PM 22551802 ER PT J AU Jordan, SP Lee, KSM Preskill, J AF Jordan, Stephen P. Lee, Keith S. M. Preskill, John TI Quantum Algorithms for Quantum Field Theories SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATRIX MULTIPLICATION; SCATTERING MATRIX; OPTICAL LATTICES; TRAPPED IONS; MODELS; SIMULATIONS; COMPUTER; SYSTEMS; PHYSICS; MASS AB Quantum field theory reconciles quantum mechanics and special relativity, and plays a central role in many areas of physics. We developed a quantum algorithm to compute relativistic scattering probabilities in a massive quantum field theory with quartic self-interactions (phi(4) theory) in spacetime of four and fewer dimensions. Its run time is polynomial in the number of particles, their energy, and the desired precision, and applies at both weak and strong coupling. In the strong-coupling and high-precision regimes, our quantum algorithm achieves exponential speedup over the fastest known classical algorithm. C1 [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Keith S. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh Particle Phys Astrophys & Cosmol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Preskill, John] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.jordan@nist.gov FU NSF [PHY-0803371, PHY-0854782]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG03-92-ER40701]; NSA/Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0442]; Sherman Fairchild Foundation FX We thank A. Gorshkov for helpful discussions. Supported by NSF grant PHY-0803371, U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and NSA/Army Research Office grant W911NF-09-1-0442. Much of this work was done while S.P.J. was at the Institute for Quantum Information (IQI), Caltech, supported by the Sherman Fairchild Foundation. K. S. M. L. was supported in part by NSF grant PHY-0854782. He is grateful for the hospitality of the IQI, Caltech, during parts of this work. NR 38 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 336 IS 6085 BP 1130 EP 1133 DI 10.1126/science.1217069 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 950KK UT WOS:000304647900041 PM 22654052 ER PT J AU Nadon, MO Baum, JK Williams, ID McPherson, JM Zgliczynski, BJ Richards, BL Schroeder, RE Brainard, RE AF Nadon, Marc O. Baum, Julia K. Williams, Ivor D. McPherson, Jana M. Zgliczynski, Brian J. Richards, Benjamin L. Schroeder, Robert E. Brainard, Russell E. TI Re-Creating Missing Population Baselines for Pacific Reef Sharks SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; hierarchical model; marine macroecology; predators; species distribution modeling ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEFS; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERY; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; DECLINES; COLLAPSE; ATLANTIC AB Sharks and other large predators are scarce on most coral reefs, but studies of their historical ecology provide qualitative evidence that predators were once numerous in these ecosystems. Quantifying density of sharks in the absence of humans (baseline) is, however, hindered by a paucity of pertinent time-series data. Recently researchers have used underwater visual surveys, primarily of limited spatial extent or nonstandard design, to infer negative associations between reef shark abundance and human populations. We analyzed data from 1607 towed-diver surveys (>1 ha transects surveyed by observers towed behind a boat) conducted at 46 reefs in the central-western Pacific Ocean, reefs that included some of the world's most pristine coral reefs. Estimates of shark density from towed-diver surveys were substantially lower (<10%) than published estimates from surveys along small transects (<0.02 ha), which is not consistent with inverted biomass pyramids (predator biomass greater than prey biomass) reported by other researchers for pristine reefs. We examined the relation between the density of reef sharks observed in towed-diver surveys and human population in models that accounted for the influence of oceanic primary productivity, sea surface temperature, reef area, and reef physical complexity. We used these models to estimate the density of sharks in the absence of humans. Densities of gray reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos), whitetip reef sharks (Triaenodon obesus), and the group all reef sharks increased substantially as human population decreased and as primary productivity and minimum sea surface temperature (or reef area, which was highly correlated with temperature) increased. Simulated baseline densities of reef sharks under the absence of humans were 1.12.4/ha for the main Hawaiian Islands, 1.22.4/ha for inhabited islands of American Samoa, and 0.92.1/ha for inhabited islands in the Mariana Archipelago, which suggests that density of reef sharks has declined to 310% of baseline levels in these areas. C1 [Nadon, Marc O.; Williams, Ivor D.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.; Williams, Ivor D.; Richards, Benjamin L.; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Baum, Julia K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, NCEAS, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [McPherson, Jana M.] Calgary Zool Soc, Ctr Conservat Res, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada. [McPherson, Jana M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Schroeder, Robert E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Nadon, MO (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM marc.nadon@noaa.gov FU University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research; NOAA; NOAA/National Science Foundation [OCE 10-41712]; NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council); Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; Schmidt Ocean Institute Fellowship; Lenfest Ocean Program FX This work was part of an interdisciplinary effort by the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division. Substantial support was provided by scientists of the University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research. We thank J. Laughlin, S. Holzwarth, S. Charette, K. Lino, M. Ferguson, B. DeJoseph, and others who assisted with data gathering. We also thank the officers and crews of the NOAA ships Hi'ialakai and Oscar Elton Sette for logistic support and field assistance. Funding for surveys (as part of the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program [RAMP]) was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. Further funding was provided by the NOAA/National Science Foundation CAMEO project (OCE 10-41712), NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council) postdoctoral fellowships to J.K.B. and J.M.M., a Smith Conservation Research Fellowship and a Schmidt Ocean Institute Fellowship to J.K.B., and a Lenfest Ocean Program grant to J.M.M. J. Helyer, W. Harford, E. Babcock, S. Smith, J. Ault, A. MacNeil, T. McClanahan, E. Fleishman, and 3 anonymous referees provided many helpful comments. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01835.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943PA UT WOS:000304135300013 PM 22536842 ER PT J AU Patel, VM Wu, T Biswas, S Phillips, PJ Chellappa, R AF Patel, Vishal M. Wu, Tao Biswas, Soma Phillips, P. Jonathon Chellappa, Rama TI Dictionary-Based Face Recognition Under Variable Lighting and Pose SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Biometrics; dictionary learning; face recognition; illumination variation; outlier rejection ID SPARSE REPRESENTATION; ILLUMINATION; EIGENFACES; MODELS; IMAGE AB We present a face recognition algorithm based on simultaneous sparse approximations under varying illumination and pose. A dictionary is learned for each class based on given training examples which minimizes the representation error with a sparseness constraint. A novel test image is projected onto the span of the atoms in each learned dictionary. The resulting residual vectors are then used for classification. To handle variations in lighting conditions and pose, an image relighting technique based on pose-robust albedo estimation is used to generate multiple frontal images of the same person with variable lighting. As a result, the proposed algorithm has the ability to recognize human faces with high accuracy even when only a single or a very few images per person are provided for training. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated using publicly available databases and it is shown that this method is efficient and can perform significantly better than many competitive face recognition algorithms. C1 [Patel, Vishal M.; Wu, Tao; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patel, Vishal M.; Wu, Tao; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, UMIACS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Biswas, Soma] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patel, VM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pvishalm@umiacs.umd.edu; taowu@umiacs.umd.edu; sbiswas@nd.edu; jonathon@nist.gov; rama@umiacs.umd.edu FU NIST [70NANB11H023]; MURI from the Office of Naval Research [N00014-1-08-0638]; Federal Bureau of Investigation FX The work of V. M. Patel, T. Wu, and R. Chellappa was supported in part by a Cooperative Agreement 70NANB11H023 from NIST and a MURI grant from the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-1-08-0638. The work of P. J. Phillips was supported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Fabio Scotti. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1556-6013 J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 954 EP 965 DI 10.1109/TIFS.2012.2189205 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 943AA UT WOS:000304091600009 ER PT J AU Whitney, NM Robbins, WD Schultz, JK Bowen, BW Holland, KN AF Whitney, Nicholas M. Robbins, William D. Schultz, Jennifer K. Bowen, Brian W. Holland, Kim N. TI Oceanic dispersal in a sedentary reef shark (Triaenodon obesus): genetic evidence for extensive connectivity without a pelagic larval stage SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Control region; dispersal; East Pacific Barrier; elasmobranch; Indo-Pacific Barrier; marine biogeography; marine fish; mtDNA; phylogeography ID INDO-WEST PACIFIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RHINCODON-TYPUS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; TISSUE SAMPLES; BLACKTIP SHARK AB Aim Most reef fishes are site-attached, but can maintain a broad distribution through their highly dispersive larval stage. The whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) is site-attached, yet maintains the largest Indo-Pacific distribution of any reef shark while lacking the larval stage of bony (teleost) fishes. Here we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to evaluate the enigma of the sedentary reef shark that maintains a distribution across two-thirds of the planet. Location Tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Methods We analysed 1025 base pairs of the mtDNA control region in 310 individuals from 25 locations across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses were used to reveal the dispersal and recent evolutionary history of the species. Results We resolved 15 mtDNA control region haplotypes, but two comprised 87% of the specimens and were detected at nearly every location. Similar to other sharks, genetic diversity was low (h = 0.550 +/- 0.0254 and p = 0.00213 +/- 0.00131). Spatial analyses of genetic variation demonstrated strong isolation across the Indo-Pacific Barrier and between western and central Pacific locations. Pairwise FST comparisons indicated high connectivity among archipelagos of the central Pacific but isolation across short distances of contiguous habitat (Great Barrier Reef) and intermittent habitat (Hawaiian Archipelago). In the eastern Pacific only a single haplotype (the most common one in the central Pacific) was observed, indicating recent dispersal (or colonization) across the East Pacific Barrier. Main conclusions The shallow haplotype network indicates recent expansion of modern populations within the last half million years from a common ancestor. Based on the distribution of mtDNA diversity, this began with an Indo-West Pacific centre of origin, with subsequent dispersal to the Central Pacific and East Pacific. Genetic differences between Indian and Pacific Ocean populations are consistent with Pleistocene closures of the Indo-Pacific Barrier associated with glacial cycles. Pairwise population comparisons reveal weak but significant isolation by distance, and notably do not indicate the high coastal connectivity observed in other shark species. The finding of population structure among semi-contiguous habitats, but population connectivity among archipelagos, may indicate a previously unsuspected oceanic dispersal behaviour in whitetip reef sharks. C1 [Whitney, Nicholas M.; Schultz, Jennifer K.; Bowen, Brian W.; Holland, Kim N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA. [Whitney, Nicholas M.; Schultz, Jennifer K.; Bowen, Brian W.; Holland, Kim N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA. [Robbins, William D.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Robbins, William D.] Wildlife Marine, Perth, WA 6020, Australia. [Schultz, Jennifer K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Whitney, NM (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34203 USA. EM nwhitney@mote.org OI Robbins, William/0000-0003-1106-1733 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0453167, OCE-0929031]; University of Hawaii [UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-04-42]; Budweiser/National Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Professional Association of Dive Instructors (PADI); American Museum of Natural History; University of Hawaii Arts and Sciences Advisory Council; Pritzker Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [R/FM-16PD]; University of Hawaii Sea Grant College; SOEST from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA09OAR4170060]; Australian Academy of Science; Australian Coral Reef Society; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; CRC Reef FX We are grateful to those who helped with sample collection, particularly H. Whitney, M. Rivera, L. Schutt, M. Silver and N. Silver, J. Trotta, D. Kushner, J. O'Malley, J. Mahon, A. Schwanke, P. Fienne, S. Foulger, J. Young and V. Young, R. Kosaki, C. Meyer, T. TinHan, M. Burns, J. Dale, Y. Papastamatiou and numerous others. T. S. Daly-Engel, J. D. DiBattista and J. A. Eble provided valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We also thank D. Bellwood and three anonymous referees for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. B. Groark generously provided the shark image used in Fig. 1. This project was funded by a National Science Foundation (NSF) predoctoral fellowship to N.M.W. and additional NSF funding to B.W.B. (OCE-0453167 and OCE-0929031), the University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program (UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-04-42), Budweiser/National Fish and Wildlife Conservation Scholarship program, Professional Association of Dive Instructors (PADI) Project AWARE, American Museum of Natural History Lerner-Gray grant, the University of Hawaii Arts and Sciences Advisory Council, and the Pritzker Foundation. This work was also funded in part by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Project R/FM-16PD, which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA09OAR4170060 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. Funding to W. D. R. was provided by the Australian Academy of Science, the Australian Coral Reef Society, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and CRC Reef. This is contribution no. 1472 from the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, no. 8510 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology and no. JC-04-42 from the University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program. NR 83 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1144 EP 1156 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02660.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 943QG UT WOS:000304139100012 ER PT J AU Fellmuth, B Wolber, L Head, DI Hermier, Y Hill, KD Nakano, T Pavese, F Peruzzi, A Rusby, RL Shkraba, V Steele, AG Steur, PPM Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A Tew, WL Wang, L White, DR AF Fellmuth, B. Wolber, L. Head, D. I. Hermier, Y. Hill, K. D. Nakano, T. Pavese, F. Peruzzi, A. Rusby, R. L. Shkraba, V. Steele, A. G. Steur, P. P. M. Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A. Tew, W. L. Wang, L. White, D. R. TI Investigation of low-temperature fixed points by an international star intercomparison of sealed triple-point cells SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; REALIZATION; ITS-90; NEON AB An overview of the results of an international star intercomparison of low-temperature fixed points is given. Between 1997 and 2005, 68 sealed triple-point cells (STPCs) of the twelve laboratories represented by the authors were investigated at PTB. The STPCs are used to realize the triple points of hydrogen, neon, oxygen and argon as defining fixed points of the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90. The melting curves (MCs) of all STPCs have been measured on the same experimental equipment, adhering strictly to a single measurement program. This protocol enables separation of the effects influencing the MCs and direct comparison of the thermal behaviour of the STPCs, which are quite different with respect to design, age, gas source and filling technology. In the paper, special emphasis is given to the spread of the liquidus-point temperatures and to the uncertainty of their determination. Connections between the star intercomparison and completed and ongoing international activities are also discussed. C1 [Fellmuth, B.; Wolber, L.] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Head, D. I.; Rusby, R. L.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. [Hermier, Y.] CNAM, INM, LNE, Paris, France. [Hill, K. D.; Steele, A. G.] NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Nakano, T.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Pavese, F.; Steur, P. P. M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Peruzzi, A.] VSL, Delft, Netherlands. [Shkraba, V.] VNIIFTRI, Mendeleyevsk, Moscow Region, Russia. [Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A.] Polish Acad Sci, INTiBS, Wroclaw, Poland. [Tew, W. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, L.] NIM, Beijing, Peoples R China. [White, D. R.] MSL, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Fellmuth, B (reprint author), PTB, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. OI Pavese, Franco/0000-0001-9261-6862 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/3/257 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 941CY UT WOS:000303941900012 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Jan, HN Iyer, HK AF Wang, C. M. Jan Hannig Iyer, Hari K. TI Pivotal methods in the propagation of distributions SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB We propose a method for assigning a probability distribution to an input quantity. The distribution is used in a Monte Carlo method described in Supplement 1 to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement for uncertainty evaluation. The proposed method provides an alternative to other methods, such as the principle of maximum entropy and Bayesian procedure that were used in Supplement 1 for the same purpose. The method is based on an exact or approximate pivotal quantity and is easily applied. We use several examples from commonly known models to illustrate the implementation of the proposed approach. C1 [Wang, C. M.; Iyer, Hari K.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jan Hannig] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Iyer, Hari K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [0707037, 1007543] FX Hannig and Iyer's research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No 0707037 and 1007543. This work is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/3/382 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 941CY UT WOS:000303941900026 ER PT J AU Zhang, NF AF Zhang, Nien Fan TI Statistical analysis for interlaboratory comparisons with linear trends in multiple loops SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID KEY COMPARISONS AB A statistical analysis for interlaboratory comparisons with linear trends in multiple loops is proposed. This approach can be applied to comparisons with multiple artefacts in multiple loops. The uncertainties for the comparison reference values and the degrees of equivalence are also provided. As an example, the approach is applied to the SIM.EM-S2 Energy Comparison. C1 NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, NF (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 3 BP 390 EP 394 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/3/390 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 941CY UT WOS:000303941900027 ER PT J AU Huckstadt, LA Koch, PL McDonald, BI Goebel, ME Crocker, DE Costa, DP AF Hueckstaedt, L. A. Koch, P. L. McDonald, B. I. Goebel, M. E. Crocker, D. E. Costa, D. P. TI Stable isotope analyses reveal individual variability in the trophic ecology of a top marine predator, the southern elephant seal SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Mirounga leonina; Foraging strategies; delta C-13; delta N-15; Telemetry ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; FORAGING STRATEGIES; JUVENILE SOUTHERN; KERGUELEN ISLANDS; DIET; CARBON; OCEAN; SPECIALIZATION; NITROGEN AB Identifying individuals' foraging strategies is critical to understanding the ecology of a species, and can provide the means to predict possible ecological responses to environmental change. Our study combines stable isotope analysis and satellite telemetry to study the variability in individual foraging strategies of adult female southern elephant seals (). Our hypothesis is that female elephant seals from the Western Antarctica Peninsula (WAP) display individual specialization in their diets. We captured adult female elephant seals ( = 56, 2005-2009) at Livingston Island (Antarctica), and instrumented them with SMRU-CTD satellite tags. We collected blood, fur, and vibrissae samples for delta C-13 and delta N-15 analyses. The mean values for all vibrissae were -21.0 +/- A 0.7aEuro degrees for delta C-13, and 10.4 +/- A 0.8aEuro degrees, for delta N-15. The individual variability of delta C-13 (60%) was more important than the within-individual variability (40%) in explaining the total variance observed in our data. For delta N-15, the results showed the opposite trend, with the within-individual variability (64%) contributing more to the total variance than the individual variability (36%), likely associated with the effect that the fasting periods have on delta N-15 values. Most individuals were specialists, as inferred from the low intra-individual variability of delta C-13 values with respect to the population variability, with half the individuals utilizing 31% or less of their available niche. We found eight different foraging strategies for these animals. Female elephant seals from the WAP are a diverse group of predators with individuals utilizing only a small portion of the total available niche, with the consequent potential to expand their foraging habits to exploit other resources or environments in the Southern Ocean. C1 [Hueckstaedt, L. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Koch, P. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [McDonald, B. I.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Goebel, M. E.] NOAA, Antarctica Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Crocker, D. E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Costa, D. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Huckstadt, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lahuckst@ucsc.edu RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 FU NSF [ANT-0840375, ANT-0440687, ANT-0523332, ANT-0838937]; NOPP [N00014-05-1-0645]; Marine Mammal Commission; Friends of Long Marine Lab; CDELSI-UCSC; Fulbright-CONICYT (Chile) FX We thank S. Simmons, K. Goetz, B. Nickel, B. Walker, J. Lehman, L. Roland, S. Kim, D. Andreasen, A-L. Harrison, N. Teutschel, S. Peterson and Cape Shirreff field crews (2005-2009) for assisting with collection and analysis of the data. US-AMLR program, NSF, USAP, and Raytheon Polar Services provided logistic support. Funding was provided by NSF (ANT-0840375, ANT-0440687, ANT-0523332 and ANT-0838937), NOPP (N00014-05-1-0645), Marine Mammal Commission, Friends of Long Marine Lab, and CDELSI-UCSC. L.A.H.'s doctoral studies were supported by Fulbright-CONICYT (Chile). NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2012 VL 169 IS 2 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-2202-y PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943ZJ UT WOS:000304166600011 PM 22139429 ER PT J AU McCraney, WT Saski, CA Guyon, JR AF McCraney, W. Tyler Saski, Christopher A. Guyon, Jeffrey R. TI Isolation and characterization of 12 microsatellites for the commercially important sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Anoplopoma fimbria; Erilepis zonifer; Microsatellites; Sablefish; Skilfish AB Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, are long-lived, highly migratory, bathydemersal, commercially important fishes that inhabit continental slope waters of the North Pacific Ocean. Here we describe 12 microsatellite loci developed for sablefish, and cross-species amplification in skilfish, Erilepis zonifer. Microsatellites were developed from one sablefish and characterized using 55 juveniles collected in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 27 per locus, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.074 to 0.964. There was no significant evidence for linkage disequilibrium or departure from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Ten of the 12 microsatellite loci were successfully amplified in skilfish. These new microsatellites were developed for use in sablefish fishery management and conservation applications including selecting broodstock for aquaculture operations and defining population boundaries for stock assessments. C1 [McCraney, W. Tyler; Guyon, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Saski, Christopher A.] Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP McCraney, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Tyler.McCraney@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Aquaculture and Marine Ecology and Stock Assessment (MESA) FX Funding was provided by NOAA's Aquaculture and Marine Ecology and Stock Assessment (MESA) programs. We thank Hanhvan Nguyen for assisting with DNA extractions and crews of the R/V Medeia and F/V Ocean Prowler for samples. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 415 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9563-8 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 935QZ UT WOS:000303536400050 ER PT J AU Lavretsky, P Truong, TM McGowin, AE Balazs, GH Peters, JL AF Lavretsky, Philip Truong, Triet M. McGowin, Audrey E. Balazs, George H. Peters, Jeffrey L. TI New primers reveal the presence of a duplicate histone H3 in the marine turtle leech Ozobranchus branchiatus SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Ozobranchus branchiatus; Fibropapillomatosis; Histone H3; Primers; Gene duplication; Chelonia mydas ID PHYLOGENY; VARIANTS; MOLLUSCA; VECTOR; GENES AB Marine leeches, specific to sea turtles, have been implicated as potential vector organisms in the spread of fibropapillomatosis (FP), a pandemic neoplastic disease with Chelonia mydas having the highest affliction rate. Polymerase chain reaction identified two independent, seemingly functional histone H3 loci for marine turtle leeches Ozobranchus branchiatus collected from C. mydas in Florida and Hawaii. Primers were developed to amplify each product separately. Among the two loci, sequence differentiation (I broken vertical bar (ST) ) ranged from 0.161 to 0.182 with identical amino acid translations among the 22 samples. A maximum parsimony tree of GenBank histone H3 sequences from annelids indicated the gene duplication occurred within the Ozobranchidae family. Geographically separated populations yielded I broken vertical bar (ST) values of 0.004-0.005 but were phylogenetically distinctive. These novel markers will be useful in identifying ectoparasites in FP research, evaluating other histone variants, and chromatin dynamics regulation studies. C1 [Lavretsky, Philip; Peters, Jeffrey L.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Truong, Triet M.; McGowin, Audrey E.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP McGowin, AE (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM audrey.mcgowin@wright.edu RI Peters, Jeffrey/I-5116-2012 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 487 EP 490 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9581-6 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 935QZ UT WOS:000303536400067 ER PT J AU Weir, MD Moreau, JL Levine, ED Strassler, HE Chow, LC Xu, HHK AF Weir, Michael D. Moreau, Jennifer L. Levine, Eric D. Strassler, Howard E. Chow, Laurence C. Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Nanocomposite containing CaF2 nanoparticles: Thermal cycling, wear and long-term water-aging SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental nanocomposite; CaF2 nanoparticles; Mechanical properties; Thermal cycling; Three-body wear; Water-aging ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; FLUORIDE RELEASE; RESIN-COMPOSITES; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL APPLICATIONS; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; CARIES FORMATION; STRENGTH AB Objectives. Fluoride (F) releasing dental restoratives are promising to promote remineralization and combat caries. The objectives of this study were to develop nanocomposite containing calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF(2)), and to investigate the long-term mechanical durability including wear, thermal-cycling and long-term water-aging behavior. Methods. Two types of fillers were used: nCaF(2) with a diameter of 53 nm, and glass particles of 1.4 mu m. Four composites were fabricated with fillers of: (1) 0% nCaF(2) + 65% glass; (2) 10% nCaF(2) + 55% glass; (3) 20% nCaF(2) + 45% glass; (4) 30% nCaF(2) + 35% glass. Three commercial materials were also tested. Specimens were subjected to thermal-cycling between 5 degrees C and 60 degrees C for 10(5) cycles, three-body wear for 4 x 10(5) cycles, and water-aging for 2 years. Results. After thermal-cycling, the nCaF(2) nanocomposites had flexural strengths in the range of 100-150 MPa, five times higher than the 20-30 MPa for resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). The wear scar depth showed an increasing trend with increasing nCaF(2) filler level. Wear of nCaF(2) nanocomposites was within the range of wear for commercial controls. Water-aging decreased the strength of all materials. At 2 years, flexural strength was 94 MPa for nanocomposite with 10% nCaF(2), 60 MPa with 20% nCaF(2), and 48 MPa with 30% nCaF(2). They are 3-6 fold higher than the 15 MPa for RMGI (p < 0.05). SEM revealed air bubbles and cracks in a RMGI, while composite control and nCaF(2) nanocomposites appeared dense and solid. Significance. Combining nCaF(2) with glass particles yielded nanocomposites with long-term mechanical properties that were comparable to those of a commercial composite with little F release, and much better than those of RMGI controls. These strong long-term properties, together with their F release being comparable to RMGI as previously reported, indicate that the nCaF(2) nanocomposites are promising for load-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. (c) 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weir, Michael D.; Moreau, Jennifer L.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [R01DE14190, R01DE17974]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry FX We gratefully thank Dr. L. Sun, Dr. G. E. Schumacker, Kathleen Hoffman, and A. A. Giuseppetti of the American Dental Association Foundation for discussions and experimental assistance. We acknowledge the technical support of the Core Imaging Facility of the University of Maryland Baltimore. We are grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA) and Dr. Sibel Antonson at Ivoclar Vivadent (Amherst, NY) for donating the materials. This study was supported by NIH R01DE14190 and R01DE17974 (HX) and the University of Maryland School of Dentistry. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 BP 642 EP 652 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2012.02.007 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 937OG UT WOS:000303667200009 PM 22429937 ER PT J AU Suh, S Lippiatt, BC AF Suh, Sangwon Lippiatt, Barbara C. TI Framework for hybrid life cycle inventory databases: a case study on the Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES) database SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE BEES; Building industry; Hybrid; Input-output; LCI database ID RED MEAT PRODUCTION; MODEL; COMMODITIES; IMPACTS AB In an effort to develop a whole building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is transforming new bottom-up Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES) data into a hybrid database in which the strengths of both bottom-up and top-down approaches can be combined. The objective of this paper is to describe the framework and the process under which the hybrid BEES database is being built, with an emphasis on its accounting structure. This paper can support other efforts to build hybrid Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases. The BEES hybridization utilizes the most detailed supply and use tables (SUTs)-known as item-level data-focusing particularly on the construction sectors. First, the partial SUTs at the item level are constructed and connected to standard SUTs that describe the rest of the economy, which is then followed by balancing and "redefinition." Second, item-level environmental data are compiled and then also balanced and redefined, which completes the compilation of the bi-resolution SUTs with environmental data. Third, the bi-resolution SUTs are integrated with the BEES data that have been converted into matrix form. Because the completely rolled out BEES technology matrix involves a significant number of products, the integration prioritizes the product groups that are potentially the most significant contributors to the LCIA results for buildings. This step-by-step procedure will enable the creation of a hybridized BEES database, combining the strengths of both the bottom-up, process-based data and the top-down, input-output data with enhanced resolution. The benefit of hybridization at the database level-as opposed to at the individual LCA study level-is that whole-building LCA users can adopt the hybrid BEES approach, with its benefit of a more complete system definition, without the training or effort that would be required to construct a hybrid system from scratch. In addition, reformulation of new BEES data into a matrix structure better facilitates the parametric LCA application that is central to NIST's vision to develop a tool for assessing the sustainability performance of energy technologies and systems in an integrated building design context. There are currently a number of initiatives being organized to implement a hybrid approach at the LCI database level. In laying out the methodological framework for efficiently transforming an existing LCI database into a hybrid database, this paper can support future development of hybrid LCI databases. C1 [Suh, Sangwon] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lippiatt, Barbara C.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Suh, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 3422 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM suh@bren.ucsb.edu RI Suh, Sangwon/E-2019-2011 OI Suh, Sangwon/0000-0001-8290-6276 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0948-3349 J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 17 IS 5 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.1007/s11367-012-0393-z PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 940KA UT WOS:000303887200008 ER PT J AU Torres, JJ Grigsby, MD Clarke, ME AF Torres, Joseph J. Grigsby, Michelle D. Clarke, M. Elizabeth TI Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in oxygen minimum layer fishes: the role of alcohol dehydrogenase SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxygen minimum; mesopelagic fishes; enzyme activity; alcohol dehydrogenase ID ANTARCTIC MESOPELAGIC FISHES; PENINSULA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MYSID GNATHOPHAUSIA-INGENS; ARABIAN-SEA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MIDWATER FISHES; LACTATE METABOLISM; ENERGY-METABOLISM; SCORPAENID FISHES; PREDATION IMPACT AB Zones of minimum oxygen form at intermediate depth in all the world's oceans as a result of global circulation patterns that keep the water at oceanic mid-depths out of contact with the atmosphere for hundreds of years. In areas where primary production is very high, the microbial oxidation of sinking organic matter results in very low oxygen concentrations at mid-depths. Such is the case with the Arabian Sea, with O-2 concentrations reaching zero at 200 m and remaining very low (<0.1 ml O(2)l(-1)) for hundreds of meters below this depth, and in the California borderland, where oxygen levels reach 0.2 ml O(2)l(-1) at 700 m with severely hypoxic (<1.0 ml O(2)l(-1)) waters at depths 300 m above and below that. Despite the very low oxygen, mesopelagic fishes (primarily lanternfishes: Mytophidae) inhabiting the Arabian Sea and California borderland perform a daily vertical migration into the low-oxygen layer, spending daylight hours in the oxygen minimum zone and migrating upward into normoxic waters at night. To find out how fishes were able to survive their daily sojourns into the minimum zone, we tested the activity of four enzymes, one (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) that served as a proxy for anaerobic glycolysis with a conventional lactate endpoint, a second (citrate synthase, CS) that is indicative of aerobic metabolism, a third (malate dehydrogenase) that functions in the Krebs' cycle and as a bridge linking mitochondrion and cytosol, and a fourth (alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH) that catalyzes the final reaction in a pathway where pyruvate is reduced to ethanol. Ethanol is a metabolic product easily excreted by fish, preventing lactate accumulation. The ADH pathway is rarely very active in vertebrate muscle; activity has previously been seen only in goldfish and other cyprinids capable of prolonged anaerobiosis. Activity of the enzyme suite in Arabian Sea and California fishes was compared with that of ecological analogs in the same family and with the same lifestyle but living in systems with much higher oxygen concentrations: the Gulf of Mexico and the Southern Ocean. ADH activities in the Arabian Sea fishes were similar to those of goldfish, far higher than those of confamilials from the less severe minimum in the Gulf of Mexico, suggesting that the Arabian Sea fishes are capable of exploiting the novel ethanol endpoint to become competent anaerobes. In turn, the fishes of California exhibited a higher ADH activity than their Antarctic relatives. It was concluded that ADH activity is more widespread in fishes than previously believed and that it may play a role in allowing vertically migrating fishes to exploit the safe haven afforded by severe oxygen minima. C1 [Torres, Joseph J.; Grigsby, Michelle D.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Clarke, M. Elizabeth] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Torres, JJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jjtorres@usf.edu FU National Science Foundation [OPP 9910100, OCE 0727883] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation [grant number OPP 9910100 and OCE 0727883 to J.J.T.]. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 36 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 215 IS 11 BP 1905 EP 1914 DI 10.1242/jeb.060236 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 939RP UT WOS:000303831800021 PM 22573769 ER PT J AU Dobbs, M Aubin, F de Haan, T Hanany, S Harrington, N Holzapfel, W Hubmayr, J Lee, A Lueker, M Macdermid, K Smecher, G AF Dobbs, M. Aubin, F. de Haan, T. Hanany, S. Harrington, N. Holzapfel, W. Hubmayr, J. Lee, A. Lueker, M. Macdermid, K. Smecher, G. TI Digital Frequency Multiplexer for TES Detectors-Path to Flight SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Readout multiplexing; Transition edge sensor; Space astronomy ID READOUT; ARRAYS AB Frequency-domain multiplexing has been used for reading out similar to 1000 detectors on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope receiver for half a decade and produced many high-impact science papers. A new digital FPGA-based backend reduces the power consumption and system-size by an order of magnitude. This Digital Frequency-domain Multiplexer (DfMUX) was operated successfully in a space-like environment during the stratospheric balloon test-flight of the EBEX polarimeter, saw first light on the POLARBEAR experiment in 2010, and will be deployed for the South Pole Telescope polarimeter and ASTE sub-mm continuum camera. We are presently developing a new generation DfMUX targeting a factor 5 lower power consumption and robustness for satellite platforms. The system will incorporate new technology for identifying and correcting radiation induced errors in the FPGA logic, higher bandwidth to accommodate a multiplexing factor of 64, and Digital Active Nulling (DAN) feedback. DAN linearizes the SQUID system response while dramatically reducing its input impedance. C1 [Dobbs, M.; Aubin, F.; de Haan, T.; Macdermid, K.; Smecher, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Hanany, S.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Harrington, N.; Holzapfel, W.; Lee, A.; Lueker, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hubmayr, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Lueker, M.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Smecher, G.] Three Speed Log, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Dobbs, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM Matt.Dobbs@McGill.ca RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 FU Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Canada Research Chairs program; National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612, AST-0618398]; NASA [NNX08AG40G, NNX07AP36H] FX The McGill authors acknowledge funding from the Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Canadian Foundation for Innovation. M. D. acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship and Canada Research Chairs program. The South Pole Telescope is a National Science Foundation funded project through grants ANT-0638937 and ANT-0130612. EBEX is a NASA supported mission through grant numbers NNX08AG40G and NNX07AP36H. The Polarbear project is funded by the National Science Foundation under grant AST-0618398. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0470-5 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600002 ER PT J AU Alpert, BK Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Ullom, JN AF Alpert, Bradley K. Doriese, W. Bertrand Fowler, Joseph W. Ullom, Joel N. TI Predicted Energy Resolution of a Running-Sum Algorithm for Microcalorimeters SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Filter algorithms; High-rate processing; Microcalorimeter; Uncertainty AB The energy resolution of a high-pulse-rate filtering algorithm recently introduced by Hui Tan et al., based on running sums of TES microcalorimeter output streams, is predicted from average pulse shape and noise autocovariance. We compare with empirical resolution, and with optimal filtering predicted and empirical resolution, for a Fe-55 source measured by multiplexed 2x4, 2x8, and 2x12 arrays of microcalorimeters. C1 [Alpert, Bradley K.; Doriese, W. Bertrand; Fowler, Joseph W.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Alpert, BK (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alpert@boulder.nist.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0441-2 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600004 ER PT J AU Irwin, KD Cho, HM Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Hilton, GC Niemack, MD Reintsema, CD Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Irwin, K. D. Cho, H. M. Doriese, W. B. Fowler, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Niemack, M. D. Reintsema, C. D. Schmidt, D. R. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Advanced Code-Division Multiplexers for Superconducting Detector Arrays SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Superconducting transition-edge sensors; SQUID multiplexers ID SENSORS AB Multiplexers based on the modulation of superconducting quantum interference devices are now regularly used in multi-kilopixel arrays of superconducting detectors for astrophysics, cosmology, and materials analysis. Over the next decade, much larger arrays will be needed. These larger arrays require new modulation techniques and compact multiplexer elements that fit within each pixel. We present a new in-focal-plane code-division multiplexer that provides multiplexing elements with the required scalability. This code-division multiplexer uses compact lithographic modulation elements that simultaneously multiplex both signal outputs and superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) detector bias voltages. It eliminates the shunt resistor used to voltage bias TES detectors, greatly reduces power dissipation, allows different dc bias voltages for each TES, and makes all elements sufficiently compact to fit inside the detector pixel area. These in-focal plane code-division multiplexers can be combined with multi-GHz readout based on superconducting microresonators to scale to even larger arrays. C1 [Irwin, K. D.; Cho, H. M.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Hilton, G. C.; Niemack, M. D.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Niemack, M. D.; Schmidt, D. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Irwin, KD (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irwin@nist.gov FU NASA [NNG09WF27I] FX We acknowledge support from NASA under grant NNG09WF27I. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 588 EP 594 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0586-7 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600005 ER PT J AU Doriese, WB Alpert, BK Fowler, JW Hilton, GC Hojem, AS Irwin, KD Reintsema, CD Schmidt, DR Stiehl, GM Swetz, DS Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Doriese, W. B. Alpert, B. K. Fowler, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Hojem, A. S. Irwin, K. D. Reintsema, C. D. Schmidt, D. R. Stiehl, G. M. Swetz, D. S. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Optimization of the TES-Bias Circuit for a Multiplexed Microcalorimeter Array SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SQUID multiplexer; Transition-edge sensor; X-ray microcalorimeter AB A transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeter's shunt resistor (R (sh)) and thermal conductance to the cryogenic bath (G) are often considered to be interchangeable knobs with which to control detector speed. Indeed, for otherwise-identical TES-parameter models, there are many combinations of R (sh) and G that give the same decay time-constant (tau (crit)). However, our previous work showed that with time- or code-division-multiplexed readout, the distribution of signal-to-noise ratio with frequency, which depends strongly on R (sh) and G, is just as important as tau (crit). Here, we present a set of calculations to select the optimal values of R (sh) and G, given a linear TES model and count-rate and energy-resolution requirements. Lower G and lower R (sh) make multiplexing easier. Our calculations also determine the allowed combination of SQUID-readout noise (S (I broken vertical bar) ) and multiplexer row-period (t (row)) and row-count (N (rows)). Recent improvements to S (I broken vertical bar) and t (row) in the NIST time-division-multiplexing architecture have allowed a NIST eight-pixel TES array to be read out with 2.70 eV (full-width at half-maximum) average energy resolution at 6 keV. The improvements make the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer co-proposed by NASA and NIST for ESA's Athena X-ray observatory straightforwardly achievable, including engineering margin, with N (rows)=16. C1 [Doriese, W. B.; Alpert, B. K.; Fowler, J. W.; Hilton, G. C.; Hojem, A. S.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Stiehl, G. M.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Doriese, WB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM doriese@boulder.nist.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 595 EP 601 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0509-7 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600006 ER PT J AU Mates, JAB Irwin, KD Vale, LR Hilton, GC Gao, J Lehnert, KW AF Mates, J. A. B. Irwin, K. D. Vale, L. R. Hilton, G. C. Gao, J. Lehnert, K. W. TI Flux-Ramp Modulation for SQUID Multiplexing SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Flux-ramp modulation; Linearity; SQUID; Two-level systems AB SQUIDs are typically operated in a flux-locked loop to linearize their response to input flux. However, a flux-locked loop is not possible with a microwave SQUID multiplexer. We describe an alternative technique called flux-ramp modulation and report its successful implementation. C1 [Mates, J. A. B.; Irwin, K. D.; Vale, L. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Gao, J.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mates, JAB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mates@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU NASA [NNH05AB771] FX We acknowledge support from NASA under Contract No. NNH05AB771. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0518-6 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600023 ER PT J AU Fowler, JW Doriese, WB Hilton, G Irwin, K Schmidt, D Stiehl, G Swetz, D Ullom, JN Vale, L AF Fowler, J. W. Doriese, W. B. Hilton, G. Irwin, K. Schmidt, D. Stiehl, G. Swetz, D. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. TI Optimization and Analysis of Code-Division Multiplexed TES Microcalorimeters SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SQUID multiplexers; Transition edge sensors ID SENSORS; ARRAYS AB We are developing code-division multiplexing (CDM) systems for TES arrays with the goal of reaching multiplexing factors in the hundreds. We report on x-ray measurements made with a four-channel prototype CDM system that employs a flux-summing architecture, emphasizing data-analysis issues. We describe an empirical method to determine the demodulation matrix that minimizes cross-talk. This CDM system achieves energy resolutions of between 2.3 eV and 3.0 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV. C1 [Fowler, J. W.; Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G.; Irwin, K.; Schmidt, D.; Stiehl, G.; Swetz, D.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L.] NIST, Quantum Sensors Project, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Sensors Project, 325 Broadway,MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joe.fowler@nist.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0463-4 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600024 ER PT J AU Bleem, L Ade, P Aird, K Austermann, J Beall, J Becker, D Benson, B Britton, J Carlstrom, J Chang, CL Cho, H de Haan, T Crawford, T Crites, A Datesman, A Dobbs, M Everett, W Ewall-Wice, A George, E Halverson, N Harrington, N Henning, J Hilton, G Holzapfel, W Hoover, S Hubmayr, J Irwin, K Keisler, R Kennedy, J Lee, A Leitch, E Li, D Lueker, M Marrone, DP McMahon, J Mehl, J Meyer, S Montgomery, J Montroy, T Natoli, T Nibarger, J Niemack, M Novosad, V Padin, S Pryke, C Reichardt, C Ruhl, J Saliwanchik, B Sayre, J Schafer, K Shirokoff, E Story, K Vanderlinde, K Vieira, J Wang, G Williamson, R Yefremenko, V Yoon, KW Young, E AF Bleem, L. Ade, P. Aird, K. Austermann, J. Beall, J. Becker, D. Benson, B. Britton, J. Carlstrom, J. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. de Haan, T. Crawford, T. Crites, A. Datesman, A. Dobbs, M. Everett, W. Ewall-Wice, A. George, E. Halverson, N. Harrington, N. Henning, J. Hilton, G. Holzapfel, W. Hoover, S. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. Keisler, R. Kennedy, J. Lee, A. Leitch, E. Li, D. Lueker, M. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. Montgomery, J. Montroy, T. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. Niemack, M. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. Ruhl, J. Saliwanchik, B. Sayre, J. Schafer, K. Shirokoff, E. Story, K. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. Wang, G. Williamson, R. Yefremenko, V. Yoon, K. W. Young, E. TI An Overview of the SPTpol Experiment SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Polarimetry; Transition-edge sensors; Bolometers; Cosmic microwave background; Cosmology ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; GALAXY CLUSTERS; POLARIZATION AB In 2012 the South Pole Telescope (SPT) will begin a 625 deg(2) survey to measure the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Observations of the CMB B-mode angular power spectrum will be used to search for the large angular scale signal induced by inflationary gravitational waves. Additionally, the B-mode spectrum will enable a measurement of the neutrino mass through the gravitational lensing of the CMB. The new 780 pixel polarization-sensitive camera is composed of two different detector architectures and will map the sky at two frequencies. At 150 GHz, the camera consists of arrays of corrugated feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters fabricated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). At 90 GHz, we use individually packaged dual-polarization absorber-coupled polarimeters developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Each 90 GHz pixel couples to the telescope through machined contoured feedhorns. The entire focal plane is read out using a digital frequency-domain multiplexer system. We discuss the design and goals of this experiment and provide a description of the detectors. C1 [Bleem, L.; Aird, K.; Benson, B.; Carlstrom, J.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T.; Crites, A.; Everett, W.; Ewall-Wice, A.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S.; Montgomery, J.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Austermann, J.; Halverson, N.; Henning, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Britton, J.; Cho, H.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Carlstrom, J.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Datesman, A.; Novosad, V.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [George, E.; Harrington, N.; Holzapfel, W.; Lee, A.; Reichardt, C.; Young, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Montroy, T.; Ruhl, J.; Saliwanchik, B.; Sayre, J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Schafer, K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bleem, L (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM bleeml@uchicago.edu RI Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 OI Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; /0000-0002-0086-7363; Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Quebec Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NIST; Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX The South Pole Telescope is supported by the National Science Foundation through grants ANT-0638937 and ANT-0130612. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Quebec Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. The work at Argonne National Laboratory, including the use of facility at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), was supported by Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. Technical support from Nanofabrication Group at the CNM, Argonne National Laboratory, under User Proposal #164 and #467, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0505-y PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600046 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Ade, P Aird, K Austermann, J Beall, J Becker, D Benson, B Bleem, L Britton, J Carlstrom, J Cho, H de Haan, T Crawford, T Crites, A Datesman, A Dobbs, M Everett, W Ewall-Wice, A George, E Halverson, N Harrington, N Henning, J Hilton, G Holzapfel, W Hoover, S Hubmayr, J Irwin, K Keisler, R Kennedy, J Lee, A Leitch, E Li, D Lueker, M Marrone, DP Mcmahon, J Mehl, J Meyer, S Montgomery, J Montroy, T Natoli, T Nibarger, J Niemack, M Novosad, V Padin, S Pryke, C Reichardt, C Ruhl, J Saliwanchik, B Sayre, J Schafer, K Shirokoff, E Story, K Vanderlinde, K Vieira, J Wang, G Williamson, R Yefremenko, V Yoon, KW Young, E AF Chang, C. L. Ade, P. Aird, K. Austermann, J. Beall, J. Becker, D. Benson, B. Bleem, L. Britton, J. Carlstrom, J. Cho, H. de Haan, T. Crawford, T. Crites, A. Datesman, A. Dobbs, M. Everett, W. Ewall-Wice, A. George, E. Halverson, N. Harrington, N. Henning, J. Hilton, G. Holzapfel, W. Hoover, S. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. Keisler, R. Kennedy, J. Lee, A. Leitch, E. Li, D. Lueker, M. Marrone, D. P. Mcmahon, J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. Montgomery, J. Montroy, T. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. Niemack, M. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. Ruhl, J. Saliwanchik, B. Sayre, J. Schafer, K. Shirokoff, E. Story, K. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. Wang, G. Williamson, R. Yefremenko, V. Yoon, K. W. Young, E. TI Optical and Thermal Properties of ANL/KICP Polarization Sensitive Bolometers for SPTpol SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Transition edge sensors; Bolometers; CMB ID ARGONNE/KICP DETECTORS; CMB POLARIZATION; DESIGN; HORN AB We present recent optical and thermal characterizations of polarization sensitive mm-wave bolometers fabricated at Argonne National Lab. The devices are designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background and consist of a Mo/Au TES suspended on SiN with a Pd-Au dipole absorber. The detector performance is excellent with > 85% co-polar coupling, < 1% cross-polar leakage, 36 GHz optical bandwidth, electrothermal loop gains of approximately 10, and NEP a parts per thousand integral 50 aW Hz(-1/2). C1 [Chang, C. L.; Aird, K.; Benson, B.; Bleem, L.; Carlstrom, J.; Crawford, T.; Crites, A.; Everett, W.; Ewall-Wice, A.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S.; Montgomery, J.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chang, C. L.; Carlstrom, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Austermann, J.; Halverson, N.; Henning, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Britton, J.; Cho, H.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Datesman, A.; Novosad, V.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [George, E.; Harrington, N.; Holzapfel, W.; Lee, A.; Reichardt, C.; Young, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mcmahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Montroy, T.; Ruhl, J.; Saliwanchik, B.; Sayre, J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Schafer, K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM clchang@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; /0000-0002-0086-7363 FU NSF [ANT-0638937, PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Office of Science (Basic Energy Sciences and High Energy Physics) of the US Department of Energy FX Work at the University of Chicago is supported by grants from the NSF (awards ANT-0638937 and PHY-0114422), the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The work at Argonne National Laboratory, including the use of facility at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), was supported by the Office of Science (Basic Energy Sciences and High Energy Physics) of the US Department of Energy. Technical support from Nanofabrication Group at the CNM, Argonne National Laboratory, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 865 EP 871 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0491-0 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600047 ER PT J AU McMahon, J Beall, J Becker, D Cho, HM Datta, R Fox, A Halverson, N Hubmayr, J Irwin, K Nibarger, J Niemack, M Smith, H AF McMahon, J. Beall, J. Becker, D. Cho, H. M. Datta, R. Fox, A. Halverson, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. Nibarger, J. Niemack, M. Smith, H. TI Multi-chroic Feed-Horn Coupled TES Polarimeters SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mm/sub-mm wave bolometers for astronomy; THz applications ID ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRA; 2003 FLIGHT; MICROWAVE; GHZ; TEMPERATURE; BOOMERANG AB Multi-chroic polarization sensitive detectors offer an avenue to increase both the spectral coverage and sensitivity of instruments optimized for observations of the cosmic-microwave background (CMB) or sub-mm sky. We report on an effort to adapt the Truce Collaboration horn coupled bolometric polarimeters for operation over octave bandwidth. Development is focused on detectors operating in both the 90 and 150 GHz bands which offer the highest CMB polarization to foreground ratio. We plan to deploy an array of 256 multi-chroic 90/150 GHz polarimeters with 1024 TES detectors on ACTPol in 2013, and there are proposals to use this technology for balloon-borne instruments. The combination of excellent control of beam systematics and sensitivity make this technology ideal for future ground, ballon, and space missions. C1 [McMahon, J.; Datta, R.; Smith, H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. M.; Fox, A.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Nibarger, J.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Becker, D.; Fox, A.; Halverson, N.; Hubmayr, J.; Nibarger, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McMahon, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jeffmcm@umich.edu NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 879 EP 884 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0612-9 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600049 ER PT J AU Hubmayr, J Appel, JW Austermann, JE Beall, JA Becker, D Benson, BA Bleem, LE Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Crites, AT Essinger-Hileman, T Fox, A George, EM Halverson, NW Harrington, NL Henning, JW Hilton, GC Holzapfel, WL Irwin, KD Lee, AT Li, D McMahon, J Mehl, J Natoli, T Niemack, MD Newburgh, LB Nibarger, JP Parker, LP Schmitt, BL Staggs, ST Van Lanen, J Wollack, EJ Yoon, KW AF Hubmayr, J. Appel, J. W. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Becker, D. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Crites, A. T. Essinger-Hileman, T. Fox, A. George, E. M. Halverson, N. W. Harrington, N. L. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Holzapfel, W. L. Irwin, K. D. Lee, A. T. Li, D. McMahon, J. Mehl, J. Natoli, T. Niemack, M. D. Newburgh, L. B. Nibarger, J. P. Parker, L. P. Schmitt, B. L. Staggs, S. T. Van Lanen, J. Wollack, E. J. Yoon, K. W. TI An All Silicon Feedhorn-Coupled Focal Plane for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmic microwave background; Polarimeter; Transition edge sensor ID TES POLARIMETERS; CMB POLARIMETRY AB Upcoming experiments aim to produce high fidelity polarization maps of the cosmic microwave background. To achieve the required sensitivity, we are developing monolithic, feedhorn-coupled transition edge sensor polarimeter arrays operating at 150 GHz. We describe this focal plane architecture and the current status of this technology, focusing on single-pixel polarimeters being deployed on the Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) and an 84-pixel demonstration feedhorn array backed by four 10-pixel polarimeter arrays. The feedhorn array exhibits symmetric beams, cross-polar response <-23 dB and excellent uniformity across the array. Monolithic polarimeter arrays, including arrays of silicon feedhorns, will be used in the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) and the South Pole Telescope Polarimeter (SPTpol) and have been proposed for upcoming balloon-borne instruments. C1 [Hubmayr, J.; Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. M.; Fox, A.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Li, D.; Niemack, M. D.; Nibarger, J. P.; Van Lanen, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Newburgh, L. B.; Parker, L. P.; Staggs, S. T.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crites, A. T.; Mehl, J.; Natoli, T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [George, E. M.; Harrington, N. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schmitt, B. L.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard, MD USA. [Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Hubmayr, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hubmayr@nist.gov; beckerd@boulder.nist.gov; bleeml@uchicago.edu; anna.fox@nist.gov; genehilton@gmail.com; irwin@nist.gov; jeffmcm@umich.edu; niemack@nist.gov; newburgh@princeton.edu; john.nibarger@nist.gov; bschm@physics.upenn.edu; staggs@princeton.edu; kiwon@stanford.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 FU NIST; NSF [ANT-0638937, PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF GRFP; NASA NSTRF FX Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. The University of Chicago is supported by grants from the NSF (awards ANT-0638937 and PHY-0114422), the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. B.L. Schmidt acknowledges support from NSF GRFP and NASA NSTRF fellowships. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 904 EP 910 DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0420-7 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600053 ER PT J AU Niemack, MD Beall, J Becker, D Cho, HM Fox, A Hilton, G Hubmayr, J Irwin, K Li, D McMahon, J Nibarger, J Van Lanen, J AF Niemack, M. D. Beall, J. Becker, D. Cho, H. -M. Fox, A. Hilton, G. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. Li, D. McMahon, J. Nibarger, J. Van Lanen, J. TI Optimizing Feedhorn-Coupled TES Polarimeters for Balloon and Space-Based CMB Observations SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Balloon; Cosmic microwave background; Feedhorn; Low-frequency noise; Polarization; Satellite; Transition-Edge Sensor AB Maximizing the sensitivity of balloon-based and space-based observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) requires detectors with substantially lower saturation power and background noise than ground-based observations, because of reduced atmospheric loading and lower photon noise. We have fabricated and tested prototype transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers that have architecture identical to that used in feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeter arrays developed for ground-based CMB observations, but have saturation power appropriate for balloon-based or space-based observations (0.5 pW-7 pW). The operating resistance of these bolometers (similar to 3 m Omega) is appropriate for readout with time-division or gigahertz frequency-division SQUID multiplexers. Dark bolometer measurements show that the noise levels are near the expected thermal-fluctuation-noise background (< 10(-17) W/Hz(1/2)), that the thermal response times are faster than the observation requirements, and that low-frequency 1/f noise can be strongly suppressed to < 10 mHz by pair differencing. We report on the performance of the prototype devices and progress towards optimizing them for balloon-based and spaced-based observations. C1 [Niemack, M. D.; Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. -M.; Fox, A.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.; Van Lanen, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Niemack, M. D.; Becker, D.; Fox, A.; Hubmayr, J.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Niemack, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM niemack@nist.gov; beckerd@boulder.nist.gov; anna.fox@nist.gov; genehilton@gmail.com; hubmayr@nist.gov; irwin@nist.gov; jeffmcm@umich.edu; john.nibarger@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX We thank NIST, NASA, and members and supporters of the TRUCE collaboration. Niemack was supported in part by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 917 EP 922 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0554-2 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600055 ER PT J AU Croce, M Bacrania, M Bond, E Dry, D Moody, WA Rabin, M Bennett, D Hilton, G Horansky, R Kotsubo, V Schmidt, D Ullom, J Vale, L Cantor, R AF Croce, M. Bacrania, M. Bond, E. Dry, D. Moody, W. A. Rabin, M. Bennett, D. Hilton, G. Horansky, R. Kotsubo, V. Schmidt, D. Ullom, J. Vale, L. Cantor, R. TI Ultra-high Resolution Alpha Particle Spectrometry with Transition-Edge Sensor Microcalorimeters SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Alpha spectrometry; Transition-edge sensor; Microcalorimeter; Nuclear forensics AB Alpha particle spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool for nuclear forensics and environmental monitoring. Microcalorimeter detectors have been shown to yield nearly an order of magnitude better energy resolution (1.06 keV FWHM at 5.3 MeV) than current state-of-the-art silicon detectors (8-10 keV FWHM at 5.3 MeV). This superior resolution allows isotopic analysis with a single non-consumptive measurement of samples that contain multiple radioisotopes with overlapping alpha energies. Measurement of such a sample with a silicon detector would require expensive and time-consuming radiochemical separations. We are developing two alpha spectrometer systems with superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The first system has eight independent detector channels that measure eight different alpha sources, and is optimized for detector development experiments. The second system incorporates a prototype cryogenic load lock that allows for rapid exchange of alpha samples. This paper will present results from these two systems. C1 [Croce, M.; Bacrania, M.; Bond, E.; Dry, D.; Moody, W. A.; Rabin, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bennett, D.; Hilton, G.; Horansky, R.; Kotsubo, V.; Schmidt, D.; Ullom, J.; Vale, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Cantor, R.] STAR Cryoelect, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Croce, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mpcroce@lanl.gov; rabin@lanl.gov; douglas.bennett@nist.gov; genehilton@gmail.com; horansky@nist.gov; dan@danschmidt.com; ullom@boulder.nist.gov; vale@boulder.nist.gov; rcantor@starcryo.com RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012; OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Bond, Evelyn/0000-0001-7335-4086 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 955 EP 960 DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0419-0 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600061 ER PT J AU Al Kenany, S Rolla, JA Godfrey, G Brink, PL Seitz, DN Figueroa-Feliciano, E Huber, ME Hines, BA Irwin, KD AF Al Kenany, S. Rolla, Julie A. Godfrey, Gary Brink, Paul L. Seitz, Dennis N. Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali Huber, Martin E. Hines, Bruce A. Irwin, Kent D. TI SuperCDMS Cold Hardware Design SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SuperCDMS; Dark mater; Low temperature detectors; Cold hardware; Cosmology; Particle astrophysics; LTD-14; Sadoulet group; UC Berkeley; Cryogenic; Soudan; SNOLab; Phonon; WIMP; Galaxy AB We discuss the current design of the cold hardware and cold electronics to be used in the upcoming SuperCDMS Soudan deployment. Engineering challenges associated with such concerns as thermal isolation, microphonics, radiopurity, and power dissipation are discussed, along with identifying the design changes necessary for SuperCDMS SNOLAB. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) employs ultrapure 1-inch thick, 3-inch diameter germanium crystals operating below 50 mK in a dilution cryostat. These detectors give an ionization and phonon signal, which gives us rejection capabilities regarding background events versus dark matter signals. C1 [Al Kenany, S.; Rolla, Julie A.; Seitz, Dennis N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Godfrey, Gary] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brink, Paul L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Huber, Martin E.; Hines, Bruce A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Irwin, Kent D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Al Kenany, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alkenany@berkeley.edu RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DC-AC02-07CH11359]; National Science Foundation [0705052, 0902182, 1004714, 0802575] FX This work is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy grant DE-AC02-76SF00515, contract No. DC-AC02-07CH11359 and the National Science Foundation under awards 0705052, 0902182, 1004714, and 0802575. We give thanks to their ongoing support. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 5-6 BP 1167 EP 1172 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0584-9 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934QY UT WOS:000303461600093 ER PT J AU Stan, G King, SW Cook, RF AF Stan, Gheorghe King, Sean W. Cook, Robert F. TI Nanoscale mapping of contact stiffness and damping by contact resonance atomic force microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC-MODULUS; FREQUENCY; CANTILEVERS; NANOWIRES; FILMS AB In this work, a new procedure is demonstrated to retrieve the conservative and dissipative contributions to contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) measurements from the contact resonance frequency and resonance amplitude. By simultaneously tracking the CR-AFM frequency and amplitude during contact AFM scanning, the contact stiffness and damping were mapped with nanoscale resolution on copper (Cu) interconnects and low-k dielectric materials. A detailed surface mechanical characterization of the two materials and their interfaces was performed in terms of elastic moduli and contact damping coefficients by considering the system dynamics and included contact mechanics. Using Cu as a reference material, the CR-AFM measurements on the patterned structures showed a significant increase in the elastic modulus of the low-k dielectric material compared with that of a blanket pristine film. Such an increase in the elastic modulus suggests an enhancement in the densification of low-k dielectric films during patterning. In addition, the subsurface response of the materials was investigated in load-dependent CR-AFM point measurements and in this way a depth dimension was added to the common CR-AFM surface characterization. With the new proposed measurement procedure and analysis, the present investigation provides new insights into characterization of surface and subsurface mechanical responses of nanoscale structures and the integrity of their interfaces. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [King, Sean W.] Intel Corp, Portland Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 34 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 21 AR 215703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/21/215703 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 939LO UT WOS:000303812500016 PM 22551825 ER PT J AU Alexanderian, A Winokur, J Sraj, I Srinivasan, A Iskandarani, M Thacker, WC Knio, OM AF Alexanderian, Alen Winokur, Justin Sraj, Ihab Srinivasan, Ashwanth Iskandarani, Mohamed Thacker, William C. Knio, Omar M. TI Global sensitivity analysis in an ocean general circulation model: a sparse spectral projection approach SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ocean circulation model; Parametric uncertainty; Sensitivity analysis; Polynomial chaos; Sparse quadrature ID POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; CHEMICAL-SYSTEMS; FLOW SIMULATIONS; SMOLYAK CUBATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MOMENTUM FLUX; HYCOM AB Polynomial chaos (PC) expansions are used to propagate parametric uncertainties in ocean global circulation model. The computations focus on short-time, high-resolution simulations of the Gulf of Mexico, using the hybrid coordinate ocean model, with wind stresses corresponding to hurricane Ivan. A sparse quadrature approach is used to determine the PC coefficients which provides a detailed representation of the stochastic model response. The quality of the PC representation is first examined through a systematic refinement of the number of resolution levels. The PC representation of the stochastic model response is then utilized to compute distributions of quantities of interest (QoIs) and to analyze the local and global sensitivity of these QoIs to uncertain parameters. Conclusions are finally drawn regarding limitations of local perturbations and variance-based assessment and concerning potential application of the present methodology to inverse problems and to uncertainty management. C1 [Knio, Omar M.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Alexanderian, Alen; Winokur, Justin; Sraj, Ihab; Knio, Omar M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Srinivasan, Ashwanth; Iskandarani, Mohamed] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Srinivasan, Ashwanth] Univ Miami, Ctr Computat Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thacker, William C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thacker, William C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Knio, OM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM omar.knio@duke.edu RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013; alexanderian, alen/L-2124-2014; OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826; Sraj, Ihab/0000-0002-6158-472X FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-101-0498] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Award N00014-101-0498. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 EI 1573-1499 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 3 BP 757 EP 778 DI 10.1007/s10596-012-9286-2 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 936IJ UT WOS:000303583800015 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Miller, MW AF Williams, D. E. Miller, M. W. TI Attributing mortality among drivers of population decline in Acropora palmata in the Florida Keys (USA) SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Bleaching; Coral disease; Damselfish; Corallivory; Hurricane damage; Coralliophila ID THREATENED CARIBBEAN CORAL; WHITE-BAND DISEASE; CORALLIOPHILA-ABBREVIATA; CORALLIVOROUS GASTROPOD; REEF COMMUNITIES; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; ST-CROIX; HURRICANES; CERVICORNIS; RECRUITMENT AB Acropora palmata populations have experienced steep declines over the past 30 years. Although numerous culprits are recognized, their relative contributions to the decline are poorly quantified, making it difficult to prioritize effective conservation measures. In 2004, a demographic monitoring program was implemented in the Florida Keys (USA), aimed at determining the relative importance of various stressors affecting A. palmata. A subset of randomly selected A. palmata colonies within 15 fore-reef plots was tagged and surveyed three to four times per year over 7 years. Colony size, live tissue, prevalence of disease, snail (Coralliophila abbreviata) predation, physical damage and other conditions were assessed at each survey. The estimated effect of each condition causing recent mortality was ranked, and together, these parameters were used to attribute the population-level tissue loss associated with each condition. In addition, all new colonies in the study plots were counted and assessed annually in order to track trends in total colony count and live tissue abundance. Between 2004 and 2010, the study population has shown more than 50% decline in live area from three main conditions: fragmentation, disease and snail predation. Approximately half of this decline occurred during the catastrophic 2005 hurricane season from which recovery has been minimal. Meanwhile, colony abundance has shown gradual decline throughout the study. Snail predation was the most prevalent condition. However, it ranked third in attributed tissue loss, behind breakage that occurred during the 2005 hurricane season, and disease. Thermal bleaching of A. palmata was not observed during this study. Because mortality continues to outpace recruitment and growth, intervention to ameliorate losses to the more manageable threats including predation and breakage could result in substantial conservation of live tissue, buying time for the abatement of less tractable threats to A. palmata recovery such as climate change and disease. C1 [Williams, D. E.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, D. E.; Miller, M. W.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dana.williams@noaa.gov OI Williams, Dana/0000-0002-9660-5359 FU National Undersea Research Center; NOAA; NOAA Fisheries' Southeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division FX This work was funded by National Undersea Research Center (2004-2006), NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (2006-2010) and NOAA Fisheries' Southeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division and permitted by Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Field assistance from A. Bright, K. Erickson, C. Fasano, L. Johnston, K. L. Kramer, B. Mason and R. Wilborn is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Caroline Rogers, Kate Semon and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on this work. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUN PY 2012 VL 31 IS 2 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s00338-011-0847-y PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934ND UT WOS:000303450100007 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Stone, RS Herber, A Tomasi, C Lupi, A Vitale, V Lanconelli, C Toledano, C Cachorro, VE O'Neill, NT Shiobara, M Aaltonen, V Stebel, K Zielinski, T Petelski, T de Galisteo, JPO Torres, B Berjon, A Goloub, P Li, Z Blarel, L Abboud, I Cuevas, E Stock, M Schulz, KH Virkkula, A AF Mazzola, M. Stone, R. S. Herber, A. Tomasi, C. Lupi, A. Vitale, V. Lanconelli, C. Toledano, C. Cachorro, V. E. O'Neill, N. T. Shiobara, M. Aaltonen, V. Stebel, K. Zielinski, T. Petelski, T. Ortiz de Galisteo, J. P. Torres, B. Berjon, A. Goloub, P. Li, Z. Blarel, L. Abboud, I. Cuevas, E. Stock, M. Schulz, K. -H. Virkkula, A. TI Evaluation of sun photometer capabilities for retrievals of aerosol optical depth at high latitudes: The POLAR-AOD intercomparison campaigns SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; Polar regions; Sun photometry; Optical depth; Intercomparison; Calibration ID RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; NETWORK; ALGORITHM; AERONET; RADIOMETERS; FIELD AB Accuracy requirements for aerosol optical depth (ADD) in polar regions are much more stringent than those usually encountered in established sun photometer networks, while comparability of data from different archive centres is a further important issue. Therefore, two intercomparison campaigns were held during spring 2006 at Ny-Alesund (Svalbard) and autumn 2008 at Izana (Tenerife) within the framework of the IPY POLAR-AOD project, with the participation of various research institutions routinely employing different instrument models at Arctic and Antarctic stations. As reported here, a common algorithm was used for data analysis with the aim of minimizing a large part of the discrepancies affecting the previous studies. During the Ny-Alesund campaign, spectral values of AOD derived from measurements taken with different instruments were found to agree, presenting at both 500 nm and 870 nm wavelengths average values of root mean square difference (RMSD) and standard deviation of the difference (SDD) equal to 0.003. Correspondingly, the mean bias difference (MBD) varied mainly between -0.003 and +0.003 at 500 nm, and between -0.004 and +0.003 at 870 nm. During the Izana campaign, which was also intended as an intercalibration opportunity. RMSD and SDD values were estimated to be equal to 0.002 for both channels on average, with MBD ranging between -0.004 and +0.004 at 500 nm and between -0.002 and +0.003 at 870 nm. RMSD and SDD values for Angstrom exponent a were estimated equal to 0.06 during the Ny-Alesund campaign and 0.39 at Izana. The results confirmed that sun photometry is a valid technique for aerosol monitoring in the pristine atmospheric turbidity conditions usually observed at high latitudes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mazzola, M.; Tomasi, C.; Lupi, A.; Vitale, V.; Lanconelli, C.] CNR, ISAC, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Stone, R. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stone, R. S.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Herber, A.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Toledano, C.; Cachorro, V. E.; Ortiz de Galisteo, J. P.; Torres, B.; Berjon, A.] Univ Valladolid, Grp Atmospher Opt, Valladolid, Spain. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Shiobara, M.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Aaltonen, V.; Virkkula, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Stebel, K.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Polar Environm Ctr, Tromso, Norway. [Zielinski, T.; Petelski, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. [Ortiz de Galisteo, J. P.] Spanish Meteorol Agcy AEMET, Valladolid, Spain. [Goloub, P.; Li, Z.; Blarel, L.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, LOA, Lille, France. [Abboud, I.] Environm Canada, Expt Studies Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cuevas, E.] Spanish Meteorol Agcy AEMET, Izana Observ, Tenerife, Spain. [Stock, M.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Schulz, K. -H.] Dr Schulz & Partner GmbH, Buckow, Germany. [Virkkula, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), CNR, ISAC, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM m.mazzola@isac.cnr.it RI Ortiz-de-Galisteo, Jose Pablo/O-4607-2014; li, zhengqiang/C-5678-2013; Berjon, Alberto/M-4203-2015; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; Mazzola, Mauro/K-9376-2016; Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Virkkula, Aki/B-8575-2014; Stebel, Kerstin/F-6465-2013; OI Ortiz-de-Galisteo, Jose Pablo/0000-0001-6649-8970; li, zhengqiang/0000-0002-7795-3630; Berjon, Alberto/0000-0002-4508-7037; Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Mazzola, Mauro/0000-0002-8394-2292; Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Stebel, Kerstin/0000-0002-6935-7564; Lanconelli, Christian/0000-0002-9545-1255; Cachorro, Victoria/0000-0002-4627-9444 FU Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) [2006/6.01]; MICINN [CGL2008-05939-C01/CLI, CGL2009-09740, CGL2009-09480-E]; CANDAC (Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change); CFCAS (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences); CFI (Canadian Foundation for Innovation); NSERC (National Sciences and Engineering Research Council); IPY (NSERC); POLAR-AOD FX The Italian research activity was supported by the Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) and developed as a part of Subproject 2006/6.01: "POLAR-ADD: a network to characterize the means, variability and trends of the climate-forcing properties of aerosols in polar regions". The GOA-UVA group was funded by MICINN under projects CGL2008-05939-C01/CLI, CGL2009-09740 and CGL2009-09480-E. The Canadian research activity was supported by CANDAC (Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change) and their funding organizations: CFCAS (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, CFI (Canadian Foundation for Innovation), NSERC (National Sciences and Engineering Research Council) and the IPY (NSERC administered) fund. Polish efforts were made within a framework of the POLAR-AOD National Grant. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 52 SI SI BP 4 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.042 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929XH UT WOS:000303098500002 ER PT J AU Tomasi, C Lupi, A Mazzola, M Stone, RS Dutton, EG Herber, A Radionov, VF Holben, BN Sorokin, MG Sakerin, SM Terpugova, SA Sobolewski, PS Lanconelli, C Petkov, BH Busetto, M Vitale, V AF Tomasi, Claudio Lupi, Angelo Mazzola, Mauro Stone, Robert S. Dutton, Ellsworth G. Herber, Andreas Radionov, Vladimir F. Holben, Brent N. Sorokin, Mikhail G. Sakerin, Sergey M. Terpugova, Svetlana A. Sobolewski, Piotr S. Lanconelli, Christian Petkov, Boyan H. Busetto, Maurizio Vitale, Vito TI An update on polar aerosol optical properties using POLAR-AOD and other measurements performed during the International Polar Year SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Polar aerosol optical depth; Long-term AOD variations; Angstrom exponent variations; Polar aerosol chemical composition; Polar aerosol radiative parameters; Arctic haze; Volcanic aerosol effects ID LONG-TERM DECREASE; ARCTIC HAZE; SOUTH-POLE; BLACK CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC TURBIDITY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ANTARCTIC AEROSOL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BARROW AB An updated set of time series of derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom's exponent alpha from a number of Arctic and Antarctic stations was analyzed to determine the long-term variations of these two parameters. The Arctic measurements were performed at Ny-Alesund (1991-2010), Barrow (1977-2010) and some Siberian sites (1981-1991). The data were integrated with Level 2.0 AERONET sun-photometer measurements recorded at Hornsund, Svalbard, and Barrow for recent years, and at Tiksi for the summer 2010. The Antarctic data-set comprises sun-photometer measurements performed at Mirny (1982-2009), Neumayer (1991-2004), and Terra Nova Bay (1987-2005), and at South Pole (1977-2010). Analyses of daily mean AOD were made in the Arctic by (i) adjusting values to eliminate volcanic effects due to the El Chichon, Pinatubo, Kasatochi and Sarychev eruptions, and (ii) selecting the summer background aerosol data from those affected by forest fire smoke. Nearly null values of the long-term variation of summer background AOD were obtained at Ny-Alesund (1991-2010) and at Barrow (1977-2010). No evidence of important variations in AOD was found when comparing the monthly mean values of AOD measured at Tiksi in summer 2010 with those derived from multi-filter actinometer measurements performed in the late 1980s at some Siberian sites. The long-term variations of seasonal mean AOD for Arctic Haze (AH) conditions and AH episode seasonal frequency were also evaluated, finding that these parameters underwent large fluctuations over the 35-year period at Ny-Alesund and Barrow, without presenting well-defined long-term variations. A characterization of chemical composition, complex refractive index and single scattering albedo of ground-level aerosol polydispersions in summer and winter-spring is also presented, based on results mainly found in the literature. The long-term variation in Antarctic AOD was estimated to be stable, within +/- 0.10% per year, at the three coastal sites, and nearly null at South Pole, where a weak increase was only recently observed, associated with an appreciable decrease in alpha, plausibly due to the formation of thin stratospheric layers of ageing volcanic particles. The main characteristics of chemical composition, complex refractive index and single scattering albedo of Antarctic aerosols are also presented for coastal particles sampled at Neumayer and Terra Nova Bay, and continental particles at South Pole. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tomasi, Claudio; Lupi, Angelo; Mazzola, Mauro; Lanconelli, Christian; Petkov, Boyan H.; Busetto, Maurizio; Vitale, Vito] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Stone, Robert S.; Dutton, Ellsworth G.] NOAA, GMD, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Stone, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herber, Andreas] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Climate Syst Div, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Radionov, Vladimir F.] AARI, St Petersburg, Russia. [Sorokin, Mikhail G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakerin, Sergey M.; Terpugova, Svetlana A.] RAS, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch IAO SB, Tomsk, Russia. [Sobolewski, Piotr S.] PAS, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland. RP Tomasi, C (reprint author), CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM c.tomasi@isac.cnr.it RI Mazzola, Mauro/K-9376-2016; OI Mazzola, Mauro/0000-0002-8394-2292; Lanconelli, Christian/0000-0002-9545-1255; busetto, maurizio/0000-0003-1115-6564 FU Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) [2006/6.01]; International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy) FX The research activity was supported by the Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) and developed as a part of Subproject 2006/6.01: "POLAR-AOD: a network to characterize the means, variability and trends of the climate-forcing properties of aerosols in polar regions". The authors thank R. Wagener, Principal Investigator of the Barrow AERONET site, for his effort in establishing and maintaining the activities at this important station of the Arctic region. The International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy) is gratefully acknowledged for its support of the participation of B. Petkov in the framework of the Programme for Training and Research in Italian Laboratories. NR 93 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 52 SI SI BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.055 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929XH UT WOS:000303098500004 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, A Osterloh, L Stone, R Lampert, A Ritter, C Stock, M Tunved, P Hennig, T Bockmann, C Li, SM Eleftheriadis, K Maturilli, M Orgis, T Herber, A Neuber, R Dethloff, K AF Hoffmann, Anne Osterloh, Lukas Stone, Robert Lampert, Astrid Ritter, Christoph Stock, Maria Tunved, Peter Hennig, Tabea Boeckmann, Christine Li, Shao-Meng Eleftheriadis, Kostas Maturilli, Marion Orgis, Thomas Herber, Andreas Neuber, Roland Dethloff, Klaus TI Remote sensing and in-situ measurements of tropospheric aerosol, a PAMARCMiP case study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Aerosols; Lidar; Arctic haze ID ARCTIC HAZE; TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; LIDAR; POLLUTION; TRENDS AB In this work, a closure experiment for tropospheric aerosol is presented. Aerosol size distributions and single scattering albedo from remote sensing data are compared to those measured in-situ. An aerosol pollution event on 4 April 2009 was observed by ground based and airborne lidar and photometer in and around Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, as well as by DMPS, nephelometer and particle soot absorption photometer at the nearby Zeppelin Mountain Research Station. The presented measurements were conducted in an area of 40 x 20 km around Ny-Alesund as part of the 2009 Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project (PAMARCMiP). Aerosol mainly in the accumulation mode was found in the lower troposphere, however, enhanced backscattering was observed up to the tropopause altitude. A comparison of meteorological data available at different locations reveals a stable multi-layer-structure of the lower troposphere. It is followed by the retrieval of optical and microphysical aerosol parameters. Extinction values have been derived using two different methods, and it was found that extinction (especially in the UV) derived from Raman lidar data significantly surpasses the extinction derived from photometer AOD profiles. Airborne lidar data shows volume depolarization values to be less than 2.5% between 500 m and 2.5 km altitude, hence, particles in this range can be assumed to be of spherical shape. In-situ particle number concentrations measured at the Zeppelin Mountain Research Station at 474 m altitude peak at about 0.18 mu m diameter, which was also found for the microphysical inversion calculations performed at 850 m and 1500 m altitude. Number concentrations depend on the assumed extinction values, and slightly decrease with altitude as well as the effective particle diameter. A low imaginary part in the derived refractive index suggests weakly absorbing aerosols, which is confirmed by low black carbon concentrations, measured at the Zeppelin Mountain as well as on board the Polar 5 aircraft. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoffmann, Anne; Lampert, Astrid; Ritter, Christoph; Stock, Maria; Maturilli, Marion; Orgis, Thomas; Neuber, Roland; Dethloff, Klaus] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Osterloh, Lukas; Boeckmann, Christine] Univ Potsdam, Inst Math IMP, Potsdam, Germany. [Stone, Robert] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tunved, Peter; Hennig, Tabea] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Li, Shao-Meng] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Eleftheriadis, Kostas] Demokritos Natl Ctr Sci Res, ERL, Inst Nucl Technol & Radiat Protect, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. [Herber, Andreas] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Telegrafenberg A45, Potsdam, Germany. EM anne.hoffmann@awi.de; lukas.osterloh@googlemail.com; robert.stone@noaa.gov; astrid.lampert@tu-bs.de; peter.tunved@itm.su.se; shao-meng.li@ec.gc.ca; elefther@ipta.demokritos.gr; andreas.herber@awi.de RI Pfuller, Anne/I-1273-2012; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos/G-2814-2011; Maturilli, Marion/A-4344-2017; Dethloff, Klaus/B-4879-2014; Neuber, Roland/B-4923-2014 OI Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos/0000-0003-2265-4905; Maturilli, Marion/0000-0001-6818-7383; Neuber, Roland/0000-0001-7382-7832 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 52 SI SI BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.027 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929XH UT WOS:000303098500006 ER PT J AU Saha, A O'Neill, NT Stone, RS Liu, PS Herber, AB AF Saha, Auromeet O'Neill, Norman T. Stone, Robert S. Liu, Peter S. Herber, Andreas B. TI Analysis of sub-micron parameters derived from multi-altitude and multi-spectral AOD measurements acquired during the 2009 PAM-ARCMIP airborne campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Airborne sunphotometry; Aerosol optical depth; Fine Mode effective radius; PAM-ARCMIP campaign; Ultra High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) ID OPTICAL DEPTH; AEROSOL; LIDAR AB A series of Arctic sunphotometry flights were analyzed in terms of their multi-altitude, sub-micron (fine mode) information content. A spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) and a fine mode curvature algorithm (FMC) were applied to extract fine mode and coarse mode optical depth as well as the effective radius of the fine mode as a function of altitude. The fine mode optical depth was differentiated as a function of altitude to retrieve vertical profiles of fine mode extinction coefficient. These optical results were compared with volumetric altitude profiles of fine mode particle size distribution acquired by a UHSAS (Ultra High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer). The results showed that layer-averaged extinction cross sections derived from the ratio of fine mode optical depth to integrated UHSAS number density were significantly larger than extinction cross sections derived from the application of Mie theory to the UHSAS particle size distributions. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficients derived from altitude derivatives of the fine mode optical depth profiles showed some correlation with the UHSAS extinction coefficients. Profiles of the fine mode effective radius retrieved from the sunphotometry data were generally of similar magnitude to columnar averages of the UHSAS radii but no significant trend with altitude could be detected. An example was given of a high altitude smoke plume whose presence eliminated any hope of correlating the volumetric sampling information with the sunphotometer profiles. This is simply a statement of the obvious: that the atmospheric state must be stable in order to make such comparisons. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saha, Auromeet; O'Neill, Norman T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Stone, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stone, Robert S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, Peter S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Herber, Andreas B.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Saha, A (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM Auromeet.Saha@usherbrooke.ca OI Saha, Auromeet/0000-0002-0731-6193 FU NSERC (National Sciences and Engineering Research Council); CFCAS (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences); CFI (Canadian Foundation for Innovation); FQRNT (Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies, Quebec) FX The authors would like to thank four Canadian funding agencies, NSERC (National Sciences and Engineering Research Council), CFCAS (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences), CFI (Canadian Foundation for Innovation) and FQRNT (Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies, Quebec) for their financial support. Valuable support was also provided by Environment Canada and NASA's AERONET project. Useful exchanges with Graeme Nott and Jeff Pierce of Dalhousie University were also very much appreciated. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 52 SI SI BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.037 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929XH UT WOS:000303098500007 ER PT J AU Kumar, G Waters, MS Farooque, TM Young, MF Simon, CG AF Kumar, Girish Waters, Michael S. Farooque, Tanya M. Young, Marian F. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Freeform fabricated scaffolds with roughened struts that enhance both stem cell proliferation and differentiation by controlling cell shape SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Cell proliferation; Cell spreading; Osteogenesis; Scaffold; Topography; Stem cell ID PROTEIN ADSORPTION; BONE REGENERATION; ARCHITECTURE; INTERFACE; BACTERIA AB We demonstrate that freeform fabricated (FFF) scaffolds with a roughened surface topography can support hBMSC proliferation, while also inducing osteogenic differentiation, for maximized generation of calcified, bone-like tissue. Previously, hBMSCs rapidly proliferated, without osteogenic differentiation, during culture in FFF scaffolds. In contrast, hBMSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation, with slow proliferation, during culture in nanofiber scaffolds. Analysis of cell morphology showed that the topography presented by the nanofiber scaffolds drove hBMSC differentiation by guiding them into a morphology that induced osteogenic differentiation. Herein, we hypothesized that using the high-surface area architecture of FFF scaffolds to present a surface roughness that drives hBMSCs into a morphology that induces osteogenic differentiation would yield a maximum amount differentiated hBMSCs and bone-like tissue. Thus, a solvent etching method was developed that imparted a 5-fold increase in roughness to the surface of the struts of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) FFF scaffolds. The etched scaffolds induced osteogenic differentiation of the hBMSCs while un-etched scaffolds did not. The etched scaffolds also supported the same high levels of hBMSC proliferation that un-etched scaffolds supported. Finally, hBMSCs on un-etched scaffolds had a large spread area, while hBMSCs on etched scaffolds has a smaller area and were more rounded, indicating that the surface roughness from the etched scaffolds dictated the morphology of the hBMSCs. The results demonstrate that FFF scaffolds with surface roughness can support hBMSC proliferation, while also inducing osteogenic differentiation, to maximize generation of calcified tissue. This work validates a rational approach to scaffold fabrication where the structure of the scaffold was designed to optimize stem cell function by controlling cell morphology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kumar, Girish; Waters, Michael S.; Farooque, Tanya M.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumar, Girish; Young, Marian F.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kumar, Girish] US FDA, Div Biol, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC; NIST-ARRA NRC; NIST; NIH/NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research); Tulane Center for Gene Therapy through NCRR of the NIH [P40RR017447] FX G.K., M.S.W. and T.M.F. were supported by postdoctoral fellowships from NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC, NIST-ARRA NRC and NIST-ARRA NRC, respectively. This work was supported by NIST and the Intramural Program of the NIH/NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research). The hBMSCs employed in this work were provided by the Tulane Center for Gene Therapy through a grant from NCRR of the NIH P40RR017447. The "standard deviation" (S.D.) is the same as the "combined standard uncertainty of the mean" for the purposes of this work. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH, NIBIB, NIDCR or NIST. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JUN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 16 BP 4022 EP 4030 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.048 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 929WL UT WOS:000303096300002 PM 22417619 ER PT J AU Barbau, R Krima, S Rachuri, S Narayanan, A Fiorentini, X Foufou, S Sriram, RD AF Barbau, Raphael Krima, Sylvere Rachuri, Sudarsan Narayanan, Anantha Fiorentini, Xenia Foufou, Sebti Sriram, Ram D. TI OntoSTEP: Enriching product model data using ontologies SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Product modeling; Semantic; STEP; EXPRESS; OWL; Automated model transcription; Meta-model; Product lifecycle information AB The representation and management of product lifecycle information is critical to any manufacturing organization. Different modeling languages are used at different lifecycle stages, for example STEP's EXPRESS may be used at a detailed design stage, while UML may be used for initial design stages. It is necessary to consolidate product information created using these different languages to build a coherent knowledge base. In this paper, we present an approach to enable the translation of STEP schema and its instances to Ontology Web Language (OWL). This gives a model - which we call OntoSTEP - that can easily be integrated with any OWL ontologies to create a semantically rich model. As an example, we combine geometry information represented in STEP with non-geometry information, such as function and behavior, represented using the NIST's Core Product Model (CPM). A plug-in for Prot g is developed to automate the different steps of the translation. As additional benefits, reasoning, inference procedures, and queries can be performed on enriched legacy CAD models. We describe the rules for the translation from EXPRESS to OWL and illustrate the benefits of OWL translation with an example. We will also describe how these mapping rules can be implemented through meta-model based transformations, which can be used to map other languages to OWL. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Barbau, Raphael; Krima, Sylvere; Rachuri, Sudarsan; Narayanan, Anantha] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barbau, Raphael; Krima, Sylvere; Foufou, Sebti] Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Fiorentini, Xenia] Engisis Srl, Rome, Italy. [Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, CENG, CSE Dept, Doha, Qatar. [Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Doha, Qatar. RP Barbau, R (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raphael.barbau@nist.gov; sylvere.krima@nist.gov; rachuri.sudarsan@nist.gov; anantha.narayanan@nist.gov; xenia.fiorentini@gmail.com; sebti.foufou@u-bourgogne.fr; ram.sriram@nist.gov RI Foufou, Sebti/E-2081-2015 OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125 NR 30 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 575 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.cad.2012.01.008 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 932KT UT WOS:000303290700006 ER PT J AU Gruenthal, KM Drawbridge, MA AF Gruenthal, Kristen M. Drawbridge, Mark A. TI Toward responsible stock enhancement: broadcast spawning dynamics and adaptive genetic management in white seabass aquaculture SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; captive populations; conservation genetics; fisheries; management; population genetics - empirical ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ATRACTOSCION-NOBILIS; SPERM COMPETITION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PACIFIC SALMON; ATLANTIC COD AB The evolutionary effects captive-bred individuals that can have on wild conspecifics are necessary considerations for stock enhancement programs, but breeding protocols are often developed without the knowledge of realized reproductive behavior. To help fill that gap, parentage was assigned to offspring produced by a freely mating group of 50 white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis), a representative broadcast spawning marine finfish cultured for conservation. Similar to the well-known and closely related red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), A. nobilis exhibited large variation in reproductive success. More males contributed and contributed more equally than females within and among spawns in a mating system best described as lottery polygyny. Two females produced 27% of the seasonal offspring pool and female breeding effective size averaged 1.85 per spawn and 12.38 seasonally, whereas male breeding effective size was higher (6.42 and 20.87, respectively), with every male contributing 17% of offspring. Further, females batch spawned every 15 weeks, while males displayed continuous reproductive readiness. Sex-specific mating strategies resulted in multiple successful mate pairings and a breeding effective to census size ratio of =0.62. Understanding a depleted species mating system allowed management to more effectively utilize parental genetic variability for culture, but the fitness consequences of long-term stocking can be difficult to address. C1 [Gruenthal, Kristen M.; Drawbridge, Mark A.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gruenthal, KM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kgruenthal@hswri.org FU California Department of Fish and Game [P07001]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06NMF4720233, NA09NMF4720396] FX Sample collection was funded by the California Department of Fish and Game's Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program under award P07001. Genetic work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Awards NA06NMF4720233 and NA09NMF4720396. Staff at the Leon Raymond Hubbard, Jr., Marine Fish Hatchery in Carlsbad, CA, provided support for sample collection and organization, and we would like to thank Director of Operations Mike Gafford, Hatchery Manager Eric McIntire, and Database Manager Karen McClune for their oversight. Dr. Ronald Burton at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA, kindly allowed the use of his laboratory for initial testing and marker optimization and provided commentary on the early manuscript. Drs. John Hyde and Russ Vetter at the NOAA NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center in La Jolla, CA, graciously allowed the use of their laboratory and equipment for all molecular work, and Dr. Vetter also provided commentary on the early manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr. Robin Waples and three anonymous reviewers for extremely valuable commentary on this manuscript. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 405 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00234.x PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 930QS UT WOS:000303154800007 PM 25568060 ER PT J AU Gustafson, RG Ford, MJ Adams, PB Drake, JS Emmett, RL Fresh, KL Rowse, M Spangler, EAK Spangler, RE Teel, DJ Wilson, MT AF Gustafson, Richard G. Ford, Michael J. Adams, Peter B. Drake, Jonathan S. Emmett, Robert L. Fresh, Kurt L. Rowse, Mindy Spangler, Elizabeth A. K. Spangler, Robert E. Teel, David J. Wilson, Matthew T. TI Conservation status of eulachon in the California Current SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Endangered Species Act; forage fish; osmerid smelt; Thaleichthys pacificus ID THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRAWL FISHERY; NORTH-AMERICA; OCEAN; MORTALITY; MARINE; TEMPERATURE AB Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), an anadromous smelt in the Northeast Pacific Ocean was examined for listing under the USAs Endangered Species Act (ESA). A southern Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of eulachon that occurs in the California Current and is composed of numerous subpopulations that spawn in rivers from northern California to northern British Columbia was identified on the basis of ecological and environmental characteristics, and to a lesser extent, genetic and life history variation. Although the northern terrestrial boundary of this DPS remains uncertain, our consensus opinion was that this northern boundary occurs south of the Nass River and that the DPS was discrete from more northern eulachon, as well as significant to the biological species as a whole and thus is a species under the ESA. Eulachon have been nearly absent in northern California for over two decades, have declined in the Fraser River by over 97% in the past 10 years, and are at historically low levels in other British Columbia rivers in the DPS, and nearly so in the Columbia River. Major threats to southern eulachon include climate change impacts on ocean and freshwater habitat, by-catch in offshore shrimp trawl fisheries, changes in downstream flow timing and intensity owing to dams and water diversions, and predation. These threats, together with large declines in abundance, indicate that the southern DPS of eulachon is at moderate risk of extinction throughout all of its range. The southern DPS was listed as threatened under the ESA in May 2010 the first marine forage fish to be afforded these statutory protections, which apply only to waters under U.S. jurisdiction. C1 [Gustafson, Richard G.; Ford, Michael J.; Drake, Jonathan S.; Fresh, Kurt L.; Rowse, Mindy; Teel, David J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Adams, Peter B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Spangler, Elizabeth A. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Spangler, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Wilson, Matthew T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Rick.Gustafson@noaa.gov FU Northwest Region of NMFS FX Numerous individual fishery scientists and managers provided information that aided in preparation of this document and deserve special thanks. We particularly thank Dr. Doug Hay, Nearshore Consulting, Nanaimo, British Columbia (Scientist Emeritus, Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada); Brad James, Greg Bargmann, and Olaf Langness, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and Tom Rien, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. We also thank Megan Moody, Nuxalk Nation, Bella Coola, British Columbia; Andy Lecuyer, Environmental Advisor, Rio Tinto Alcan Inc., Kemano, British Columbia; Michael R. Gordon, M. R. Gordon & Associates Ltd., North Vancouver, British Columbia; and Irene Martin, Skamokawa, Washington, for providing documents or steering us towards those who could. Additional thanks go to Jeff Cowen for assistance with the figures; Laurie Weitkamp, Thomas Good, Jeff Hard, Doug Hay (external reviewer), and one anonymous reviewer for providing valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript; and five anonymous scientists whose reviews of an early draft of the status review substantially improved the quality of our final product. The Northwest Region of NMFS provided partial funding in support of this investigation. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00418.x PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923HM UT WOS:000302610400001 ER PT J AU Awan, IA Burgess, DR Tsang, W Manion, JA AF Awan, Iftikhar A. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. Tsang, Wing Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Standard reactions for comparative rate studies: Experiments on the dehydrochlorination reactions of 2-chloropropane, chlorocyclopentane, and chlorocyclohexane SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID PULSE SHOCK-TUBE; POWERED HOMOGENEOUS PYROLYSIS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; ALKYL HALIDES; GAS-PHASE; KINETICS; CHLORIDE; 4-VINYLCYCLOHEXENE; WAVES AB Single pulse shock tube studies of the thermal dehydrochlorination reactions (chlorocyclopentane -> cyclopentene + HCl) and (chlorocyclohexane -> cyclohexene + HCl) at temperatures of 8431021 K and pressures of 1.4-2.4 bar have been carried out using the comparative rate technique. Rate constants have been measured relative to (2-chloropropane -> propene + HCl) and the decyclization reactions of cyclohexene, 4-methylcyclohexene, and 4-vinylcyclohexene. Absolute rate constants have been derived using k(cyclohexene -> ethene + butadiene) = 1.4 x 1015 exp(-33,500/T) s-1. These data provide a self-consistent temperature scale of use in the comparison of chemical systems studied with different temperature standards. A combined analysis of the present results with the literature data from lower temperature static studies leads to k(2-chloropropane) = 10((13.98 +/- 0.08)) exp(-26, 225 +/- 130) K/T) s-1; 590-1020 K; 1-3 bar k(chlorocylopentane) = 10((13.65 +/- 0.10)) exp(-24,570 +/- 160) K/T) s-1; 590-1020 K; 1-3 bar k(chlorocylohexane) = 10((14.33 +/- 0.10)) exp(-25,950 +/- 180) K/T) s-1; 590-1020 K; 1-3 bar Including systematic uncertainties, expanded standard uncertainties are estimated to be about 15% near 600 K rising to about 25% at 1000 K. At 2 bar and 1000 K, the reactions are only slightly under their high-pressure limits, but falloff effects rapidly become significant at higher temperatures. On the basis of computational studies and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM)/Master Equation modeling of these and reference dehydrochlorination reactions, reported in more detail in an accompanying article, the following high-pressure limits have been derived: k infinity (2-chloropropane) = 5.74 x 10(9)T(1.37) exp(-25,680/T) s(-1); 600-1600 K k infinity (chlorocylopentane) = 7.65 x 10(7)T(1.75) exp(-23,320/T) s(-1) ; 600-1600 K k infinity (chlorocylohexane) = 8.25 x 10(9)T(1.34) exp(-25,010/T) s(-1); 600-1600 K (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 351368, 2012 C1 [Awan, Iftikhar A.; Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Tsang, Wing; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This study utilized the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (http://biowulf.nih.gov). The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Julian M. Tishkoff, Program Manager, for support. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 351 EP 368 DI 10.1002/kin.20566 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 929DY UT WOS:000303042600001 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR Manion, JA AF Burgess, Donald R., Jr. Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Ab initio calculations and RRKM/Master Equation modeling of chloroalkanes -> alkenes + HCl reactions for use in comparative rate studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-RING COMPOUNDS; N-PROPYL CHLORIDE; PULSE SHOCK-TUBE; ION-PAIR MODEL; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GAS-PHASE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; ALKYL HALIDES AB This paper reports computations that were done in conjunction with an experimental study, reported in an accompanying paper, involving single pulse shock tube measurements of the thermal decomposition of 2-chloropropane, chlorocyclopentane, and chorocyclohexane. The overall aim of the combined work is to provide a well-defined, self-consistent, and reliable set of rate constants for those species over an extended temperature range for use as reference reactions in comparative rate studies. To provide additional validation of the results for the compounds of direct interest, the dehydrochlorination reactions of the related compounds chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, and 2-chlorobutane are also considered. The present work reviews and summarizes the literature information regarding the molecular properties, thermochemistry, and chemical kinetic data for the above six alkyl chlorides. Quantum chemical methods are used to compute the structure and energies of reactants, products, and transition states and the fundamental nature of these types of reaction (four-centered semi-ion pair transition states) is discussed. The experimental and theoretical results are compared in detail, and uncertainties are assessed. The computations are used, in conjunction with experimentally determined rate constants, to develop RiceRamspergerKasselMarcus (RRKM)/Master Equation models and thereby allow extrapolation of the experimental data over an extended range of temperatures. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 369385, 2012 C1 [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 369 EP 385 DI 10.1002/kin.20565 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 929DY UT WOS:000303042600002 ER PT J AU Williams, EH Davydov, AV Motayed, A Sundaresan, SG Bocchini, P Richter, LJ Stan, G Steffens, K Zangmeister, R Schreifels, JA Rao, MV AF Williams, Elissa H. Davydov, Albert V. Motayed, Abhishek Sundaresan, Siddarth G. Bocchini, Peter Richter, Lee J. Stan, Gheorghe Steffens, Kristen Zangmeister, Rebecca Schreifels, John A. Rao, Mulpuri V. TI Immobilization of streptavidin on 4H-SiC for biosensor development SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 4H-SiC; 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane; Biotin; Streptavidin; Bioconjugation; Surface functionalization ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SILICON-CARBIDE; SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; ORGANIC FILMS; PROTEINS; INTERFACE; 3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE; SEMICONDUCTOR AB A sequential layer formation chemistry is demonstrated for the functionalization of silicon carbide (SiC) appropriate to biosensing applications. (0 0 0 1) 4H-SiC was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and subsequently biotinylated for the selective immobilization of streptavidin. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, fluorescence microscopy, and contact angle measurements were utilized to determine the structure, thickness, wettability, and reactivity of the resulting surface after each functionalization step. Optimization of the APTES layer was found to be critical to the success of the subsequent steps; multilayer, polymeric films resulted in irreproducible behavior. It was shown that there was significant non-specific (electrostatic) binding of streptavidin to APTES functionalized SiC, thus revealing the importance of a uniform biotinylation step prior to streptavidin attachment. The experimental results demonstrate that the APTES functionalized and biotinylated SiC surface has the potential to be employed as a biosensing platform for the selective detection of streptavidin molecules. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Elissa H.; Schreifels, John A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Davydov, Albert V.; Motayed, Abhishek; Sundaresan, Siddarth G.; Bocchini, Peter; Richter, Lee J.; Stan, Gheorghe; Steffens, Kristen; Zangmeister, Rebecca] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sundaresan, Siddarth G.] GeneSiC Semicond Inc, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. [Bocchini, Peter] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Williams, EH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Room 343,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ehwill@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901712] FX The authors acknowledge with gratitude the financial support of the National Science Foundation (Grant # ECCS-0901712). NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2012 VL 258 IS 16 BP 6056 EP 6063 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.02.137 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 925TK UT WOS:000302784200023 ER PT J AU Guha, S Wayment, JR Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Guha, Suvajyoti Wayment, Joshua R. Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Electrospray-differential mobility analysis as an orthogonal tool to size-exclusion chromatography for characterization of protein aggregates SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE immunoglobulins; electrospray-differential mobility analysis; size-exclusion chromatography; protein formulation; protein aggregation; biopharmaceutics; physical characterization; protein size; biotechnology; stability ID ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; BOVINE IMMUNOGLOBULINS; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; DENATURATION; STABILITY; IGG; HEAT; MILK; NANOPARTICLES; QUANTITATION AB The biopharmaceutical industry characterizes and quantifies aggregation of protein therapeutics using multiple analytical techniques to cross-validate results. Here, we demonstrate the use of electrospraydifferential mobility analysis (ESDMA), a gas-phase and atmospheric pressure ion-mobility method for characterizing protein aggregates. Two immunoglobulin Gs are systematically heat treated to induce aggregation and characterized using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ESDMA. Although ESDMA is a gas-phase characterization method, we find that aggregation kinetic rate constants determined by ESDMA is in good agreement with those determined by SEC. ESDMA appears to have a higher resolution and lower limit of detection as compared with SEC. Thus, ESDMA can potentially become an important orthogonal tool for characterization of nascent protein aggregates in the biopharmaceutical industry. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 101:19851994, 2012 C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Wayment, Joshua R.; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu OI Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1985 EP 1994 DI 10.1002/jps.23097 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 925ZE UT WOS:000302800300004 PM 22411567 ER PT J AU Dong, JR Ni-Meister, W AF Dong, Jiarui Ni-Meister, Wenge TI Analysis of diurnal boundary layer development in boreal forests: measurements and simulations SO JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BOREAS; transilient turbulence theory; lake effects; initial patterns; surface fluxes ID TRANSILIENT TURBULENCE THEORY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; SOIL-MOISTURE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; TOWER; DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE; CARBON AB Combining field data analysis and modeling, this study investigates factors influencing the diurnal boundary layer (BL) development in boreal forest. Field data analysis used both air sounding and surface flux measurements collected during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study field campaigns in central Canada. Model study applied a non-local transilient turbulence theory (TTT) to simulate the impact of the heterogeneous boundary conditions together with initial conditions on the BL development at the Candle Lake and Thompson release sites over boreal forests. Boundary conditions were characterized by the integrated surface flux measurements from different forest stands. The lake effect was included in constructing the surface fluxes at Candle Lake release site. Analyses of serial upper air sounding data and tower flux data indicate strong linear impacts of surface sensible heat forcing on the diurnal BL development above boreal forests. The regression slopes on the relationship between the BL development and the surface fluxes reflect the influences of initial boundary conditions to the BL developments. Both the modeled and the measured diurnal BLs show that lakes reduce sensible heat flux, leading to a shallower boundary in Candle Lake than in Thompson. Comparison of the model results and field measurements on the BL profiles indicates that the TTT model has the capability to simulate the BL development above boreal forests for sunny, rainfall or cloudy days. This study demonstrates the importance of lake on surface fluxes and BL development. The modeling effort shows the potential to couple the transilient theory with a land surface process model to study land surface and atmosphere interaction in boreal forest. C1 [Dong, Jiarui] NOAA NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Dong, Jiarui] IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Ni-Meister, Wenge] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Dong, JR (reprint author), NOAA NCEP EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Jiarui.Dong@noaa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG05GE01G] FX The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (NNG05GE01G). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-9921 J9 J PLANT ECOL-UK JI J. Plant Ecol. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1093/jpe/rtr001 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926CI UT WOS:000302808500008 ER PT J AU Lupton, JE Arculus, RJ Resing, J Massoth, GJ Greene, RR Evans, LJ Buck, N AF Lupton, J. E. Arculus, R. J. Resing, J. Massoth, G. J. Greene, R. R. Evans, L. J. Buck, N. TI Hydrothermal activity in the Northwest Lau Backarc Basin: Evidence from water column measurements SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Lau Basin; back arc; helium; hydrothermal ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; EAST PACIFIC RISE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; SPREADING CENTERS; MANTLE COMPONENTS; SAMOAN LAVAS; PLUMES; ARC; HELIUM AB The Northwest Lau Backarc Basin, consisting of the Northwest Lau Spreading Center (NWLSC) and the Rochambeau Rifts (RR), is unique in having elevated He-3/He-4 ratios (up to 28 R-a) in the erupted lavas, clearly indicating a hot spot or ocean island basalt (OIB)-type signature. This OIB-type helium signature does not appear in any other part of the Lau Basin. Water column plume surveys conducted in 2008 and 2010 identified several sites of active hydrothermal discharge along the NWLSC-RR and showed that the incidence of hydrothermal activity is high, consistent with the high spreading rate of similar to 100 mm/year. Hydrocasts into the Central Caldera and Southern Caldera of the NWLSC detected elevated He-3/He-4 (delta He-3 = 55% and 100%, respectively), trace metals (TMn, TFe), and suspended particles, indicating localized hydrothermal venting at these two sites. Hydrocasts along the northern rift zone of the NWLSC also had excess delta He-3, TMn, and suspended particles suggesting additional sites of hydrothermal activity. The RR are dominated by Lobster Caldera, a large volcano with four radiating rift zones. Hydrocasts into Lobster Caldera in 2008 detected high delta He-3 (up to 239%) and suspended particle and TMn signals, indicating active venting within the caldera. A repeat survey of Lobster in 2010 confirmed the site was still active two years later. Plumes at Lobster Caldera and Central Caldera have end-member He-3/He-4 ratios of 19 R-a and 11 R-a, respectively, confirming that hot spot-type helium is also present in the hydrothermal fluids. C1 [Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Arculus, R. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Resing, J.; Buck, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Massoth, G. J.] Mass Ex3 Consulting, Renton, WA 98056 USA. [Greene, R. R.; Evans, L. J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lupton, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM john.e.lupton@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX We thank the Australian Marine National Facility for granting us ship-time to conduct the SS07/2008 research voyage. The captain and crew of the R/V Southern Surveyor and scientific technical support staff rendered outstanding support during this voyage. We are grateful to the governments of Fiji and Tonga for their permission to conduct scientific research in their waters. We thank Tim McConachy and Bluewater Metals (South Pacific) Ltd. for collecting samples aboard the Dorado Discovery and for making the CTD data available. We thank Shannon Johns for drawing trace metal samples during voyage SS07, and Chris Yeats and the staff at CSIRO for archiving these samples and making them available to us. Susan Merle helped with the graphics. Dave Butterfield, Cornel de Ronde, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews of this paper. This work was support by the NOAA Vents Program. This is PMEL Contribution 3754. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q0AF04 DI 10.1029/2011GC003891 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 952DD UT WOS:000304769400001 ER PT J AU Sato, K Inoue, J Kodama, YM Overland, JE AF Sato, Kazutoshi Inoue, Jun Kodama, Yasu-Masa Overland, James E. TI Impact of Arctic sea-ice retreat on the recent change in cloud-base height during autumn SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Cloud-base observations over the ice-free Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in autumn were conducted using a shipboard ceilometer and radiosondes during the 1999-2010 cruises of the Japanese R/V Mirai. In comparison with cloud-base heights in an ice-covered case (the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean project in 1998), our ice-free results showed a 30% decrease (increase) in the frequency of low clouds with a ceiling below (above) 500 m. Temperature profiles revealed that the boundary layer was well developed over the ice-free ocean in the 2000s, whereas a stable layer dominated during the ice-covered period in 1998. The change in surface boundary conditions likely resulted in the difference in cloud-base height, although it had little impact on air temperatures in the mid-and upper troposphere. Data from the 2010 R/V Mirai cruise were investigated in detail in terms of air-sea temperature difference. Stratus clouds near the sea surface were predominant under a warm advection situation, whereas stratocumulus clouds with a cloud-free layer were significant under a cold advection situation. The threshold temperature difference between sea surface and air temperatures for distinguishing the dominant cloud types was 3 K. Anomalous upward turbulent heat fluxes associated with the sea-ice retreat have likely contributed to warming of the lower troposphere. Citation: Sato, K., J. Inoue, Y.-M. Kodama, and J. E. Overland (2012), Impact of Arctic sea-ice retreat on the recent change in cloud-base height during autumn, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10503, doi:10.1029/2012GL051850. C1 [Sato, Kazutoshi; Kodama, Yasu-Masa] Hirosaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. [Sato, Kazutoshi; Inoue, Jun] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sato, K (reprint author), Hirosaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 3 Bunkyo Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. EM h11gs403@stu.hirosaki-u.ac.jp FU [KAKENHI(A)24241009] FX We are greatly indebted to S. Okumura, S. Sueyoshi, N. Nagahama, A. Doi, and W. Tokunaga for conducting the radiosonde observations. We also thank the crews of the R/V Mirai, and are grateful for the data collected during the SHEBA project and by the NP drifting stations. We also thank M. E. Hori and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. This work was partly supported by KAKENHI(A)24241009. PMEL contribution #3857. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10503 DI 10.1029/2012GL051850 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 952EB UT WOS:000304772100003 ER PT J AU Young, PJ Emmons, LK Roberts, JM Lamarque, JF Wiedinmyer, C Veres, P VandenBoer, TC AF Young, Paul J. Emmons, Louisa K. Roberts, James M. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Wiedinmyer, Christine Veres, Patrick VandenBoer, Trevor C. TI Isocyanic acid in a global chemistry transport model: Tropospheric distribution, budget, and identification of regions with potential health impacts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; NI-PT-CIMS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; HNCO; PHOTODISSOCIATION; POLLUTION; OZONE; MOZART-4; EXHAUST; GASES AB This study uses a global chemical transport model to estimate the distribution of isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO is toxic, and concentrations exceeding 1 ppbv have been suggested to have negative health effects. Based on fire studies, HNCO emissions were scaled to those of hydrogen cyanide (30%), resulting in yearly total emissions of 1.5 Tg for 2008, from both anthropogenic and biomass burning sources. Loss processes included heterogeneous uptake (pH dependent), dry deposition (like formic acid), and reaction with the OH radical (k = 1 x 10(-15) molecule(-1) cm(3) s(-1)). Annual mean surface HNCO concentrations were highest over parts of China (maximum of 470 pptv), but episodic fire emissions gave much higher levels, exceeding 4 ppbv in tropical Africa and the Amazon, and exceeding 10 ppbv in Southeast Asia and Siberia. This suggests that large biomass burning events could result in deleterious health effects for populations in these regions. For the tropospheric budget, using the model-calculated pH the HNCO lifetime was 37 days, with the split between dry deposition and heterogeneous loss being 95%:5%. Fixing the heterogeneous loss rate at pH = 7 meant that this process dominated, accounting for similar to 70% of the total loss, giving a lifetime of 6 days, and resulting in upper tropospheric concentrations that were essentially zero. However, changing the pH does not notably impact the high concentrations found in biomass burning regions. More observational data is needed to evaluate the model, as well as a better representation of the likely underestimated biofuel emissions, which could mean more populations exposed to elevated HNCO concentrations. C1 [Young, Paul J.; Roberts, James M.; Veres, Patrick] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Young, Paul J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Emmons, Louisa K.; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Wiedinmyer, Christine] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Veres, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Young, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.young@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; FU NOAA; National Science Foundation FX We thank John Orlando for helpful comments on the manuscript and throughout the study, as well as the reviewers for their constructive comments. We acknowledge the use of the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO), and Daniel Wolfe and Bruce Bartram of the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, and William Dube and Nicholas Wagner of NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division and CIRES, for their excellent help in conducting the measurements at the BAO. This work was supported in part by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, and Health of the Atmosphere Programs. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D10308 DI 10.1029/2011JD017393 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 952CK UT WOS:000304767100001 ER PT J AU Oxford, GAE Chaka, AM AF Oxford, Gloria A. E. Chaka, Anne M. TI Structure and Stability of Hydrated beta-MnO2 Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METAL-ION COORDINATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; PHASE-STABILITY; WATER; MANGANESE; ADSORPTION; PYROLUSITE; INTERFACE; CRYSTAL AB Hydration of the beta-MnO2 (110), (100), and (101) surfaces is investigated using a combination of periodic density functional theory and ab initio thermodynamics. Fully hydrated surfaces are found to be significantly more stable than the stoichiometric ones up to temperatures in the range of 650 to 730 K at ambient oxygen and water partial pressures. A mixture of molecular and dissociative water adsorption is predicted to occur on the (110) and (101) surfaces, while the (100) surface does not dissociate water. Changes in surface reactivity upon water adsorption are explored via partial density of states analysis. Differences in surface relaxations and vibrational spectra are discussed and can be used to identify the type of adsorption mode. C1 [Oxford, Gloria A. E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oxford, GAE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gloria.oxford@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX G.A.E.O. was supported by the National Research Council. This work utilized high-performance computing resources of the Raritan cluster at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and of the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. We would like to thank Professors Sara Mason and Tom Trainor and Drs. Peter Eng and Joanne Stubbs for useful discussions. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 21 BP 11589 EP 11605 DI 10.1021/jp302268m PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 949KG UT WOS:000304574500020 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Obeng, YS AF Okoro, Chukwudi A. Obeng, Yaw S. TI A case study on the impact of local material chemistry on the mechanical reliability of packaged integrated circuits: Correlation of the packaging fallout to the chemistry of passivation dielectrics SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Integrated circuits; Reliability; Chemistry; Mechanical; Passivation; Dielectrics ID DEPOSITION; SIO2 AB In this paper, we use a variety of analytical techniques to examine the impact of local chemistry, and the mechanical properties, of the encapsulation dielectric films on the post-packaging device rejection rate of integrated circuit devices. A strong dependence of lot rejection rate (LRR) on the effective Young's modulus of the encapsulating dielectric stack is demonstrated; specifically, the device fall out rate increases with increasing Young's modulus. The increase in LRR with increasing stiffness of the encapsulating layer is attributed to the increase in thermal stress in the encapsulation dielectric stack layer and in the metal lines due to their increased constraint. This stems from the strong adhesion of the encapsulating dielectric material to the metal, thus fixing the loci of the surface planes of the metal, which could result in mechanical damage through voiding, cracking or delamination. It is also found that the increase in the local SiOH concentration leads to a decrease in the Young's modulus of the encapsulating SiO2. Thus, the engineering and optimization of the chemistry of the encapsulating dielectric are essential for improved post-packaging burn-in yields. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi A.; Obeng, Yaw S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obeng, YS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yaw.obeng@nist.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 31 PY 2012 VL 520 IS 15 BP 5060 EP 5063 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.02.089 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 949HW UT WOS:000304568300042 ER PT J AU Sun, CH Yang, S AF Sun, Chenghu Yang, Song TI Persistent severe drought in southern China during winter-spring 2011: Large-scale circulation patterns and possible impacting factors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; EAST-ASIA; TIBETAN PLATEAU; EL-NINO; ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL AMPLIFICATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE ANOMALIES; WAVE-ACTIVITY AB Severe drought persisted in southern China from January to May in 2011. In this study, a statistical analysis is carried out to discuss the multiple possible impacting factors including La Nina, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the thermal condition of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The La Nina event in 2010-11 excited a lower-tropospheric anomalous cyclone over the northwestern Pacific, weakening the northwestern Pacific subtropical high and caused an eastward shift of the high. As a result, transportation of wet and warm moisture from tropical oceans to southern China decreased. The La Nina event also strengthened the upper-tropospheric East Asian jet stream and deepened the East Asian trough, favoring a southward intrusion of dry northerly flow from the Siberia. The La Nina condition in the previous two seasons also seemed to provide precursory signals for the drought. Moreover, in January-May 2011, the NAO was in a positive phase and it tended to excite stationary Rossby waves that were distributed along the sub-polar and subtropical waveguides, respectively. The sub-polar one induced an anomalous anticyclone over the Siberia, favoring a southward intrusion of high-latitude northerly flow to southern China. The subtropical one, associated possibly with the enhanced convection over the broad region from the Mediterranean to Sahara, was favorable for an influence of upper-tropospheric flow on southern China. The TP might also exert an influence on the drought by weakening the westerly flow to the southern flank of TP and reducing water vapor transport from the Bay of Bengal to southern China. C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Sun, Chenghu] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB955901, 2010CB950501, 2010CB950404]; National Science and Technology Support Program of China [2009BAC51B05, 2007BAC29B04] FX The authors thank Peiqun Zhang of the CMA National Climate center, the two anonymous reviewers, and the Editor whose constructive comments are helpful for improving the overall quality of the paper. This research was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2012CB955901, 2010CB950501, and 2010CB950404) and the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2009BAC51B05 and 2007BAC29B04). NR 73 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D10112 DI 10.1029/2012JD017500 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 952CI UT WOS:000304766900005 ER PT J AU Zhao, CF Xie, SC Klein, SA Protat, A Shupe, MD McFarlane, SA Comstock, JM Delanoe, J Deng, M Dunn, M Hogan, RJ Huang, D Jensen, MP Mace, GG McCoy, R O'Connor, EJ Turner, DD Wang, Z AF Zhao, Chuanfeng Xie, Shaocheng Klein, Stephen A. Protat, Alain Shupe, Matthew D. McFarlane, Sally A. Comstock, Jennifer M. Delanoe, Julien Deng, Min Dunn, Maureen Hogan, Robin J. Huang, Dong Jensen, Michael P. Mace, Gerald G. McCoy, Renata O'Connor, Ewan J. Turner, David D. Wang, Zhien TI Toward understanding of differences in current cloud retrievals of ARM ground-based measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; BIMODAL SIZE SPECTRA; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; STRATUS CLOUD; ICE CLOUDS; RADAR MEASUREMENTS AB Accurate observations of cloud microphysical properties are needed for evaluating and improving the representation of cloud processes in climate models and better estimate of the Earth radiative budget. However, large differences are found in current cloud products retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements using various retrieval algorithms. Understanding the differences is an important step to address uncertainties in the cloud retrievals. In this study, an in-depth analysis of nine existing ground-based cloud retrievals using ARM remote sensing measurements is carried out. We place emphasis on boundary layer overcast clouds and high level ice clouds, which are the focus of many current retrieval development efforts due to their radiative importance and relatively simple structure. Large systematic discrepancies in cloud microphysical properties are found in these two types of clouds among the nine cloud retrieval products, particularly for the cloud liquid and ice particle effective radius. Note that the differences among some retrieval products are even larger than the prescribed uncertainties reported by the retrieval algorithm developers. It is shown that most of these large differences have their roots in the retrieval theoretical bases, assumptions, as well as input and constraint parameters. This study suggests the need to further validate current retrieval theories and assumptions and even the development of new retrieval algorithms with more observations under different cloud regimes. C1 [Zhao, Chuanfeng; Xie, Shaocheng; Klein, Stephen A.; McCoy, Renata] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Protat, Alain; Delanoe, Julien] Lab Atmosphere, Guyancourt, France. [Protat, Alain] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [McFarlane, Sally A.; Comstock, Jennifer M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Deng, Min; Wang, Zhien] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Dunn, Maureen; Huang, Dong; Jensen, Michael P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hogan, Robin J.; O'Connor, Ewan J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Mace, Gerald G.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [O'Connor, Ewan J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zhao, CF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM zhao6@llnl.gov RI Hogan, Robin/M-6549-2016; Zhao, Chuanfeng/G-8546-2013; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Huang, Dong/H-7318-2014; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Hogan, Robin/0000-0002-3180-5157; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Huang, Dong/0000-0001-9715-6922; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X FU DOE ARM [DE-FG02-06ER64167]; DOE ASR [DE-SC0006974]; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE [DE-FG02-05ER63965, DE-FG0398ER62571]; European Union [EVK2-2000-00065]; NERC [NE/C519697/1] FX This study is supported by the DOE ARM and ASR programs. Work at LLNL, PNNL and BNL was performed under the auspices of the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830, and by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886, respectively. The contribution of M. D. Shupe is performed under the support by DOE grant DE-FG02-05ER63965. The Cloudnet project was funded by the European Union from grant EVK2-2000-00065. The development of the VARCLOUD retrieval was funded by NERC grant NE/C519697/1. The contribution of G. G. Mace is performed under the support by DOE grant DE-FG0398ER62571. The contribution of D. D. Turner is performed under the support by DOE grant DE-FG02-06ER64167 as part of the ARM program. The contribution of Z. Wang is performed under the support by DOE grant DE-SC0006974 as part of the ASR program. The three reviewers of this paper are gratefully acknowledged for their constructive comments. NR 81 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D10206 DI 10.1029/2011JD016792 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 952CI UT WOS:000304766900003 ER PT J AU Weidner, T Dubey, M Breen, NF Ash, J Baio, JE Jaye, C Fischer, DA Drobny, GP Castner, DG AF Weidner, Tobias Dubey, Manish Breen, Nicholas F. Ash, Jason Baio, J. E. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Drobny, Gary P. Castner, David G. TI Direct Observation of Phenylalanine Orientations in Statherin Bound to Hydroxyapatite Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; SOLID-STATE NMR; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BASIC-AMINO-ACIDS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; IN-SITU AB Extracellular biomineralization proteins such as salivary statherin control the growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP), the principal component of teeth and bones. Despite the important role that statherin plays in the regulation of hard tissue formation in humans, the surface recognition mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The protein surface interaction likely involves very specific contacts between the surface atoms and the key protein side chains. This study demonstrates for the first time the power of combining near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy with element labeling to quantify the orientation of individual side chains. In this work, the 15 amino acid N-terminal binding domain of statherin has been adsorbed onto HAP surfaces, and the orientations of phenylalanine rings F7 and F14 have been determined using NEXAFS analysis and fluorine labels at individual phenylalanine sites. The NEXAFS-derived phenylalanine tilt angles have been verified with sum frequency generation spectroscopy. C1 [Weidner, Tobias; Dubey, Manish; Baio, J. E.; Castner, David G.] Univ Washington, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Breen, Nicholas F.; Ash, Jason; Drobny, Gary P.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weidner, Tobias; Dubey, Manish; Baio, J. E.; Castner, David G.] Univ Washington, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weidner, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, Mainz, Germany. EM weidner@mpip-mainz.mpg.de; castner@uw.edu RI Weidner, Tobias/F-8725-2012 OI Weidner, Tobias/0000-0002-7083-7004 FU NIH [DE-012554, EB-002027]; German Research Foundation [We 4478/1-1]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences FX This work was funded in part by NIH grants DE-012554 and EB-002027 (NESAC/BIO). T.W. thanks the German Research Foundation for a research fellowship (We 4478/1-1). NEXAFS studies were performed at the NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 21 BP 8750 EP 8753 DI 10.1021/ja301711w PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 949IU UT WOS:000304570700006 PM 22563672 ER PT J AU Bose, R Sridharan, D Kim, H Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Bose, Ranojoy Sridharan, Deepak Kim, Hyochul Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI Low-Photon-Number Optical Switching with a Single Quantum Dot Coupled to a Photonic Crystal Cavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCAVITY; SYSTEM AB We demonstrate fast nonlinear optical switching between two laser pulses with as few as 140 photons of pulse energy by utilizing strong coupling between a single quantum dot (QD) and a photonic crystal cavity. The cavity-QD coupling is modified by a detuned pump pulse, resulting in a modulation of the scattered and transmitted amplitude of a time synchronized probe pulse that is resonant with the QD. The temporal switching response is measured to be as fast as 120 ps, demonstrating the ability to perform optical switching on picosecond timescales. C1 [Bose, Ranojoy; Sridharan, Deepak; Kim, Hyochul; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bose, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu OI Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426 FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; Office of Naval Research Applied Electromagnetics Center; Army Research Office MURI on hybrid quantum interactions [W911NF09104]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0846494] FX D. Sridharan and R. Bose contributed equally to this work. The authors would like to acknowledge support from a DARPA Defense Science Office grant (Grant No. W31P4Q0910013), the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, the Office of Naval Research Applied Electromagnetics Center, the Army Research Office MURI on hybrid quantum interactions (Grant No. W911NF09104), and a National Science Foundation CAREER grant (Grant No. ECCS-0846494). NR 30 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 22 AR 227402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.227402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 950NK UT WOS:000304655800015 PM 23003653 ER PT J AU Chaouch, N Temimi, M Hagen, S Weishampel, J Medeiros, S Khanbilvardi, R AF Chaouch, Naira Temimi, Marouane Hagen, Scott Weishampel, John Medeiros, Stephen Khanbilvardi, Reza TI A synergetic use of satellite imagery from SAR and optical sensors to improve coastal flood mapping in the Gulf of Mexico SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE intertidal flood mapping; multisensor; Radarsat; Landsat; image classification ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SOUTH FLORIDA WETLANDS; ERS-1 SAR; AMAZON FLOODPLAIN; FUSION; CLASSIFICATION; BACKSCATTERING; DELINEATION; INUNDATION; VEGETATION AB This work proposes a method for detecting inundation between semi-diurnal low and high water conditions in the northern Gulf of Mexico using high-resolution satellite imagery. Radarsat 1, Landsat imagery and aerial photography from the Apalachicola region in Florida were used to demonstrate and validate the algorithm. A change detection approach was implemented through the analysis of red, green and blue (RGB) false colour composites image to emphasise differences in high and low tide inundation patterns. To alleviate the effect of inherent speckle in the SAR images, we also applied ancillary optical data. The flood-prone area for the site was delineated a priori through the determination of lower and higher water contour lines with Landsat images combined with a high-resolution digital elevation model. This masking technique improved the performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to detection techniques using the entire Radarsat scene. The resulting inundation maps agreed well with historical aerial photography as the probability of detection reached 83%. The combination of SAR data and optical images, when coupled with a high-resolution digital elevation model, was shown to be useful for inundation mapping and have a great potential for evaluating wetting/drying algorithms of inland and coastal hydrodynamic models. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chaouch, Naira] CUNY, NOAA, CREST, City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Hagen, Scott; Weishampel, John; Medeiros, Stephen] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Chaouch, N (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, CREST, City Coll, Steinman Hall, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nchaouch@ccny.cuny.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1617 EP 1628 DI 10.1002/hyp.8268 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 946KI UT WOS:000304350100004 ER PT J AU Iadicola, MA Gnaupel-Herold, TH AF Iadicola, Mark A. Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas H. TI Effective X-ray elastic constant measurement for in situ stress measurement of biaxially strained AA5754-O SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; Aluminum alloys; Sheet forming; Plasticity; Residual stresses; Neutron diffraction; Intergranular strain ID CURVES AB Accurate measurement of stresses by X-ray diffraction requires accurate X-ray elastic constants. Calibration experiments are one method to determine these for a specific material in a specific condition. In this paper, uniaxial tension experiments are used to investigate the variation of these constants after uniaxial and equal-biaxial plastic deformation for an aluminum alloy (AA5754-O) of interest to the automotive industry. These data are critical for accurate measurement of the biaxial mechanical properties of the material using a recent experimental method combining specialized sheet metal forming equipment with portable X-ray diffraction equipment. The measured effective X-ray elastic constants show some minor variation with increased plastic deformation, and this behavior was found to be consistent for both uniaxially and equal-biaxially strained samples. The use of two average values for effective X-ray elastic constants, one in the rolling direction and one transverse to the rolling direction of the sheet material, is shown to be of sufficient accuracy for the combined tests of interest. Comparison of uniaxial data measured using X-ray diffraction and standard methods show good agreement, and biaxial stress-strain results show good repeatability. Additionally, the calibration data show some non-linear behavior, which is analyzed in regards to crystallographic texture and intergranular stress effects. The non-linear behavior is found to be the result of intergranular stresses based on comparison with additional measurements using other X-ray diffraction equipment and neutron diffraction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Iadicola, Mark A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.iadicola@nist.gov; gnaeupel@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 545 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.02.100 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 939EZ UT WOS:000303791700024 ER PT J AU Mann, JL Vocke, RD Kelly, WR AF Mann, Jacqueline L. Vocke, Robert D., Jr. Kelly, W. Robert TI Determination of low-level (sub-microgram) sulfur concentrations by isotope dilution multi-collector inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry using a 33S spike and internal normalization for mass bias correction SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MC-ICP-MS; FOSSIL-FUELS; DIESEL FUEL; DELTA-S-34; YEAST AB RATIONALE: The certification of sulfur (S) in Standard Reference Materials T by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been exclusively performed using isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS). The ID-TIMS measurement method is limited in its capability for low concentration measurements (< 1 mu g/g) due to the blank associated with the chemical reduction procedure (approximate to 0.2 S mg). Newly developed materials and applications, such as biofuels made from soy and nanomedicine, pose a challenge to the ID-TIMS technique because of their very low concentrations (<<1 mu g/g) of S. As described here, a measurement technique with low S blanks is essential for low-level S measurements. METHODS: An isotope dilution (ID) multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) method combined with an internal normalization approach for mass bias correction has been used to determine lowlevel S concentrations in synthetically prepared mixtures using a S-33-enriched spike material. Dilute sulfur solutions (1 mu g S/g) were prepared from NIST SRM 3154 (Sulfate Spectrometric Solution) to test the capability of this technique for measuring very low-level S concentrations. RESULTS: The concentration results for each solution were 0.983 +/- 0.004 mg/g (95% CI, n = 2, k = 2), 1.006 +/- 0.005 mu g/g (95% CI, n = 2, k = 2), and 0.999 +/- 0.003 mu g/g (95% CI, n = 2, k = 2), in excellent agreement with the gravimetric determination, deviating less than 0.35% and suggesting the technique can yield unbiased and accurate results. The blanks averaged 13 +/- 0.0017 ng S (1s). CONCLUSIONS: The data results provide a clear indication that the ID-MC-ICP-MS method for the determination of low-level S concentrations is feasible. The more than one order of magnitude reduction of the blanks suggests that it is a better alternative to the ID-TIMS method for very low S materials such as are encountered in biofuels and some biochemical species. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Mann, Jacqueline L.] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vocke, Robert D., Jr.; Kelly, W. Robert] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mann, JL (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmann@nist.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1175 EP 1180 DI 10.1002/rcm.6214 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 926AJ UT WOS:000302803400002 PM 22499192 ER PT J AU Seminoff, JA Benson, SR Arthur, KE Eguchi, T Dutton, PH Tapilatu, RF Popp, BN AF Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Benson, Scott R. Arthur, Karen E. Eguchi, Tomoharu Dutton, Peter H. Tapilatu, Ricardo F. Popp, Brian N. TI Stable Isotope Tracking of Endangered Sea Turtles: Validation with Satellite Telemetry and delta N-15 Analysis of Amino Acids SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC POSITION; FORAGING AREAS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CARBON; ECOLOGY; ZOOPLANKTON AB Effective conservation strategies for highly migratory species must incorporate information about long-distance movements and locations of high-use foraging areas. However, the inherent challenges of directly monitoring these factors call for creative research approaches and innovative application of existing tools. Highly migratory marine species, such as marine turtles, regularly travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers between breeding and feeding areas, but identification of migratory routes and habitat use patterns remains elusive. Here we use satellite telemetry in combination with compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids to confirm that insights from bulk tissue stable isotope analysis can reveal divergent migratory strategies and within-population segregation of foraging groups of critically endangered leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) across the Pacific Ocean. Among the 78 turtles studied, we found a distinct dichotomy in delta N-15 values of bulk skin, with distinct "low delta N-15" and "high delta N-15" groups. delta N-15 analysis of amino acids confirmed that this disparity resulted from isotopic differences at the base of the food chain and not from differences in trophic position between the two groups. Satellite tracking of 13 individuals indicated that their bulk skin delta N-15 value was linked to the particular foraging region of each turtle. These findings confirm that prevailing marine isoscapes of foraging areas can be reflected in the isotopic compositions of marine turtle body tissues sampled at nesting beaches. We use a Bayesian mixture model to show that between 82 and 100% of the 78 skin-sampled turtles could be assigned with confidence to either the eastern Pacific or western Pacific, with 33 to 66% of all turtles foraging in the eastern Pacific. Our forensic approach validates the use of stable isotopes to depict leatherback turtle movements over broad spatial ranges and is timely for establishing wise conservation efforts in light of this species' imminent risk of extinction in the Pacific. C1 [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Benson, Scott R.; Eguchi, Tomoharu; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Arthur, Karen E.; Popp, Brian N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tapilatu, Ricardo F.] State Univ Papua, Marine Lab, Manokwari, Papua Barat Pro, Indonesia. [Tapilatu, Ricardo F.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. EM jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov FU U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; University of Hawai'i FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Hawai'i. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 74 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37403 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037403 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959WT UT WOS:000305349600014 PM 22666354 ER PT J AU Dyckovsky, AM Olmschenk, S AF Dyckovsky, A. M. Olmschenk, S. TI Analysis of photon-mediated entanglement between distinguishable matter qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; YB-II; CAVITY; INTERFERENCE; TIME; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; DISTANCE AB We theoretically evaluate establishing remote entanglement between distinguishable matter qubits through interference and detection of two emitted photons. The fidelity of the entanglement operation is analyzed as a function of the temporal- and frequency-mode matching between the photons emitted from each quantum memory. With a general analysis, we define limits on the absolute magnitudes of temporal- and frequency-mode mismatches in order to maintain entanglement fidelities greater than 99% with two-photon detection efficiencies greater than 90%. We apply our analysis to several selected systems of quantum memories. Results indicate that high fidelities may be achieved in each system using current experimental techniques, while maintaining acceptable rates of entanglement. Thus, it might be possible to use two-photon-mediated entanglement operations between distinguishable quantum memories to establish a network for quantum communication and distributed quantum computation. C1 [Dyckovsky, A. M.; Olmschenk, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dyckovsky, A. M.; Olmschenk, S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dyckovsky, A. M.] Loudoun Cty Publ Sch Acad Sci, Sterling, VA 20164 USA. RP Dyckovsky, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM aridyckovsky@gmail.com RI Olmschenk, Steven/D-4960-2011 OI Olmschenk, Steven/0000-0003-0105-7714 FU National Research Council (NRC) FX We thank D. Englund and D. Budker for helpful discussions concerning the cavity coupling of NV centers and J. V. Porto for useful comments on this manuscript. A. M. D. acknowledges the faculty at the Loudoun County Public Schools Academy of Science. S.O. acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship program. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 5 AR 052322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.052322 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 948TB UT WOS:000304524400004 ER PT J AU Dissanayake, SE Chan, C Ji, S Lee, J Qiu, Y Rule, KC Lake, B Green, M Hagihala, M Zheng, XG Ng, TK Lee, SH AF Dissanayake, S. E. Chan, C. Ji, S. Lee, J. Qiu, Y. Rule, K. C. Lake, B. Green, M. Hagihala, M. Zheng, X. G. Ng, T. K. Lee, S. -H. TI Magnetic-field-induced instability of the cooperative paramagnetic state in ZnxCo4-x(OD)(6)Cl-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANTIFERROMAGNET AB Using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques with and without application of an external magnetic field H, the magnetic ground states of ZnxCo4-x(OD)(6)Cl-2 (x = 0,1) were studied. Our results show that for x = 0, the ground state is a magnetic long-range ordered (LRO) state where each tetrahedron forms an "umbrella"-type structure. On the other hand, for x = 1, no static ordering was observed down to 1.5 K, which resembles the behavior found in the isostructural quantum system ZnxCu4-x(OD)(6)Cl-2. When H field is applied, however, the x = 1 system develops the same LRO state as x = 0. This indicates that the x = 1 disordered state is in the vicinity of the x = 0 ordered state. C1 [Dissanayake, S. E.; Ji, S.; Lee, J.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Chan, C.; Ng, T. K.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Y.; Green, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Green, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rule, K. C.; Lake, B.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Hagihala, M.; Zheng, X. G.] Saga Univ, Dept Phys, Saga 8408502, Japan. RP Dissanayake, SE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Lee, Jooseop/A-5631-2016; Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010; OI Lee, Jooseop/0000-0002-4413-5412; Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103; Dissanayake, Sachith/0000-0002-4703-6516; Lake, Bella/0000-0003-0034-0964 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER46384]; HKRGC through GRF [603410]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank M.-H. Whangbo and H.-J. Koo for helpful discussions. Research at UVA was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46384. T.K.N. and C. C. acknowledge support from HKRGC through GRF Grant No. 603410. The work at NIST was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 17 AR 174435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.174435 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 948TH UT WOS:000304525000003 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Garcia, K LeBlanc, LJ Williams, RA Beeler, MC Perry, AR Spielman, IB AF Jimenez-Garcia, K. LeBlanc, L. J. Williams, R. A. Beeler, M. C. Perry, A. R. Spielman, I. B. TI Peierls Substitution in an Engineered Lattice Potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; WAVE AB Artificial gauge fields open the possibility to realize quantum many-body systems with ultracold atoms, by engineering Hamiltonians usually associated with electronic systems. In the presence of a periodic potential, artificial gauge fields may bring ultracold atoms closer to the quantum Hall regime. Here, we describe a one-dimensional lattice derived purely from effective Zeeman shifts resulting from a combination of Raman coupling and radio-frequency magnetic fields. In this lattice, the tunneling matrix element is generally complex. We control both the amplitude and the phase of this tunneling parameter, experimentally realizing the Peierls substitution for ultracold neutral atoms. C1 [Jimenez-Garcia, K.; LeBlanc, L. J.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, M. C.; Perry, A. R.; Spielman, I. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.; LeBlanc, L. J.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, M. C.; Perry, A. R.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Fis, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Jimenez-Garcia, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov RI Williams, Ross/C-3429-2012; OI Williams, Ross/0000-0001-9347-0922 FU ARO; DARPA's OLE; Atomtronics-MURI; NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center FX We appreciate enlightening conversations with G. Juzeliunas, N. R. Cooper, and W. D. Phillips. This work was partially supported by the ARO with funding from DARPA's OLE program and the Atomtronics-MURI, and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center. K.J.-G. thanks CONACYT, L.J.L. thanks NSERC, and M.C.B. thanks the NIST-ARRA program. NR 20 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 21 AR 225303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.225303 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 948VO UT WOS:000304531100015 PM 23003612 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Lee, SK Muhling, BA Lamkin, JT Enfield, DB AF Liu, Yanyun Lee, Sang-Ki Muhling, Barbara A. Lamkin, John T. Enfield, David B. TI Significant reduction of the Loop Current in the 21st century and its impact on the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; MODEL; TRANSPORT; CYCLE AB This study examines the potential impact of future anthropogenic global warming on the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) by using a downscaled high-resolution ocean model constrained with the surface forcing fields and initial and boundary conditions obtained from the IPCC-AR4 model simulations under A1B scenario. The simulated volume transport by the Loop Current (LC) is reduced considerably by 20-25% during the 21st century, consistent with a similar rate of reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The effect of the LC in the present climate is to warm the GoM, therefore the reduced LC and the associated weakening of the warm LC eddy have a cooling impact in the GoM, particularly in the northern basin. Due to this cooling influence, the northern GoM is characterized as the region of minimal warming. Low-resolution models, such as the IPCC-AR4 models, underestimate the reduction of the LC and its cooling effect, thus fail to simulate the reduced warming feature in the northern GoM. The potential implications of the reduced warming in the northern GoM on pelagic fish species and their spawning patterns are also discussed. C1 [Liu, Yanyun; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Liu, Yanyun; Lee, Sang-Ki; Muhling, Barbara A.; Enfield, David B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Muhling, Barbara A.; Lamkin, John T.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Liu, YY (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM yanyun.liu@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fishery and The Environment (FATE); National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We would like to thank Eric Des Barton and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which led to a significant improvement of the paper. This work was supported by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fishery and The Environment (FATE) program and a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 26 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C05039 DI 10.1029/2011JC007555 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 949HN UT WOS:000304567400002 ER PT J AU Allen, JH Clark, CA Denig, WF Wilkinson, DC AF Allen, J. H. Clark, C. A. Denig, W. F. Wilkinson, D. C. TI Historical Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Reports Now Available Online SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Clark, C. A.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Solar & Terr Phys Div, Indices & Solar Images Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Joe.H.Allen@noaa.gov; craig.a.clark@noaa.gov; William.Denig@noaa.gov; daniel.c.wilkinson@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAY 26 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S05007 DI 10.1029/2012SW000802 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 949CT UT WOS:000304554200001 ER PT J AU Johnson, PR Blume, D Yin, XY Flynn, WF Tiesinga, E AF Johnson, P. R. Blume, D. Yin, X. Y. Flynn, W. F. Tiesinga, E. TI Effective renormalized multi-body interactions of harmonically confined ultracold neutral bosons SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; COLD ATOMS; MEAN-FIELD; RECOMBINATION; COLLISIONS; GASES; UNIVERSALITY; PHYSICS; SYSTEM; STATES AB We calculate the renormalized effective two-, three- and four-body interactions for N neutral ultracold bosons in the ground state of an isotropic harmonic trap, assuming two-body interactions modeled with the combination of a zero-range and energy-dependent pseudopotential. We work to third-order in the scattering length a(t)(0) defined at zero collision energy, which is necessary to obtain both the leading-order effective four-body interaction and consistently include corrections for realistic two-body interactions. The leading-order, effective three-and four-body interaction energies are U-3 (omega) = -(0.85576...)[a(t)(0)/sigma(omega)](2) + 2.7921(1)[a(t)(0)/sigma(omega)](3) + O(a(t)(4)) and U-4(omega) = +(2.43317...)[a(t)(0)/sigma(omega)](3) + O(a(t)(4)), where omega and sigma(omega) are the harmonic oscillator frequency and length, respectively, and energies are in units of h omega. The one-standard deviation error +/- 0.0001 for the third-order coefficient in U-3(omega) is due to numerical uncertainty in estimating a slowly converging sum; the other two coefficients are either analytically or numerically exact. The effective three-and four-body interactions can play an important role in the dynamics of tightly confined and strongly correlated systems. We also performed numerical simulations for a finite-range (FR) boson-boson potential, and it was comparison to the zero-range predictions which revealed that finite-range effects must be taken into account for a realistic third-order treatment. In particular, we show that the energy-dependent pseudopotential accurately captures, through third order, the finite-range physics, and in combination with the multi-body effective interactions gives excellent agreement with the numerical simulations, validating our theoretical analysis and predictions. C1 [Johnson, P. R.; Flynn, W. F.] American Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Blume, D.; Yin, X. Y.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, PR (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM pjohnson@american.edu FU US Army Research Office [60661PH]; NSF Physical Frontier Center; NSF [PHY-0855332] FX PRJ and ET acknowledge support from the US Army Research Office under contract/grant 60661PH. PRJ acknowledges additional support from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement and computing resources provided by the American University High Performance Computing System. ET acknowledges support from a NSF Physical Frontier Center. DB and XYY gratefully acknowledge fruitful discussions with Kevin Daily and support by the NSF through grant PHY-0855332. PRJ thanks Nathan Harshman for numerous helpful conversations. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 053037 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053037 PG 36 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 953OM UT WOS:000304879000003 ER PT J AU Maddy, ES DeSouza-Machado, SG Nalli, NR Barnet, CD Strow, LL Wolf, WW Xie, H Gambacorta, A King, TS Joseph, E Morris, V Hannon, SE Schou, P AF Maddy, E. S. DeSouza-Machado, S. G. Nalli, N. R. Barnet, C. D. Strow, L. L. Wolf, W. W. Xie, H. Gambacorta, A. King, T. S. Joseph, E. Morris, V. Hannon, S. E. Schou, P. TI On the effect of dust aerosols on AIRS and IASI operational level 2 products SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE; RETRIEVALS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; MODEL AB Satellite retrievals of environmental parameters can enable a global scale understanding of various atmospheric phenomena. Validation of these retrievals using in situ and other correlative measurements is critical to the success of our accurate interpretation of such phenomena. In this paper, we analyze the effect of dust on AIRS and IASI operational level 2 profiles using data obtained from the 2009-2011 AEROSE campaigns. We find that the presence of dust in the AIRS and IASI measurements biases the cloud-cleared radiances by as much as 4 K. In addition, we find that the temperature and surface temperature retrievals resultant from these cloud-cleared radiances show 2 to 3 K spurious oscillations throughout the troposphere. C1 [Maddy, E. S.; Gambacorta, A.; King, T. S.] Riverside Technol Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20706 USA. [DeSouza-Machado, S. G.; Strow, L. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [DeSouza-Machado, S. G.; Hannon, S. E.; Schou, P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Nalli, N. R.; Xie, H.] IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Barnet, C. D.; Wolf, W. W.] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Joseph, E.; Morris, V.] Howard Univ, NCAS, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Maddy, ES (reprint author), Riverside Technol Inc, 5012 Auth Rd,Ste 20, Camp Springs, MD 20706 USA. EM eric.maddy@noaa.gov RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X FU NASA Research Announcement (NRA) [NNH09ZDA001N]; Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES); Science of Terra and Aqua; NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Office (NJO); GOES-R Algorithm Working Group; STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD); NOAA [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; NOAA for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) at Howard University FX This research was supported in part by NASA Research Announcement (NRA) NNH09ZDA001N, Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES- 2009), Program Element A. 41: The Science of Terra and Aqua, the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Office (NJO), the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group, and the STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD) (M. D. Goldberg, SMCD Division Chief). AEROSE is supported by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program grant NA17AE1625, NOAA grant NA17AE1623 to establish the NOAA Center for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) at Howard University; we also wish to acknowledge A. Flores and M. Oyola (Howard University), and A. Smirnov (NASA/GSFC), for their assistance with AEROSE Microtops measurements. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10809 DI 10.1029/2012GL052070 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 949FD UT WOS:000304561100005 ER PT J AU Mayle, M Rittenhouse, ST Schmelcher, P Sadeghpour, HR AF Mayle, M. Rittenhouse, S. T. Schmelcher, P. Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Electric field control in ultralong-range triatomic polar Rydberg molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIPOLE-MOMENT; BLOCKADE; ATOMS; GAS AB We theoretically explore the external electric field control of a species of ultralong-range molecules that emerge from the interaction of a ground-state polar molecule with a Rydberg atom. The external field mixes the Rydberg electronic states and, therefore, strongly alters the electric field seen by the polar diatomic molecule due to the Rydberg electron. As a consequence, the adiabatic potential energy curves responsible for the molecular binding can be tuned in such a way that an intersection with neighboring curves occurs. The latter leads to admixture of s-wave character in the Rydberg wave function and will substantially facilitate the experimental preparation and realization of this particular class of Rydberg molecule species. C1 [Mayle, M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mayle, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rittenhouse, S. T.; Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schmelcher, P.] Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Mayle, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Mayle, Michael/A-2423-2009; Schmelcher, Peter/D-9592-2014 OI Schmelcher, Peter/0000-0002-2637-0937 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); NSF through ITAMP at Harvard University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX M.M. acknowledges financial support by a fellowship within the postdoc-programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). S.T.R. and H.R.S. acknowledge financial support from the NSF through ITAMP at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 5 AR 052511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.052511 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 946XR UT WOS:000304391300005 ER PT J AU Sawyer, BC Britton, JW Keith, AC Wang, CCJ Freericks, JK Uys, H Biercuk, MJ Bollinger, JJ AF Sawyer, Brian C. Britton, Joseph W. Keith, Adam C. Wang, C-C. Joseph Freericks, James K. Uys, Hermann Biercuk, Michael J. Bollinger, John J. TI Spectroscopy and Thermometry of Drumhead Modes in a Mesoscopic Trapped-Ion Crystal Using Entanglement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ORDER MODES; PENNING-TRAP; ELECTROSTATIC MODES; QUANTUM SIMULATION; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; LIQUIDS; SPINS; STATE; ATOM AB We demonstrate spectroscopy and thermometry of individual motional modes in a mesoscopic 2D ion array using entanglement-induced decoherence as a method of transduction. Our system is a similar to 400 mu m-diameter planar crystal of several hundred Be-9(+) ions exhibiting complex drumhead modes in the confining potential of a Penning trap. Exploiting precise control over the Be-9(+) valence electron spins, we apply a homogeneous spin-dependent optical dipole force to excite arbitrary transverse modes with an effective wavelength approaching the interparticle spacing (similar to 20 mu m). Center-of-mass displacements below 1 nm are detected via the entanglement of spin and motional degrees of freedom. C1 [Sawyer, Brian C.; Britton, Joseph W.; Bollinger, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Keith, Adam C.; Wang, C-C. Joseph; Freericks, James K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Uys, Hermann] CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. [Biercuk, Michael J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Sawyer, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brian.sawyer@boulder.nist.gov RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010; Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165 FU ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems [CE110001013]; NSF [DMR-1004268]; Georgetown University; DARPA-OLE; NIST FX This work was supported by the DARPA-OLE program and NIST. M. J. Biercuk and J. J. Bollinger acknowledge partial support from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, CE110001013. A. C. Keith was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1004268. J. K. Freericks was supported by the McDevitt endowment bequest at Georgetown University. We thank D. H. E. Dubin, D. Porras, K.-K. Ni, D. Slichter, and S. Manmana for comments on the manuscript. This manuscript is a contribution of NIST and not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 21 AR 213003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.213003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 947CT UT WOS:000304405000005 PM 23003249 ER PT J AU Tomillo, PS Saba, VS Blanco, GS Stock, CA Paladino, FV Spotila, JR AF Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian Saba, Vincent S. Blanco, Gabriela S. Stock, Charles A. Paladino, Frank V. Spotila, James R. TI Climate Driven Egg and Hatchling Mortality Threatens Survival of Eastern Pacific Leatherback Turtles SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINO-LAS-BAULAS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; EL-NINO; COSTA-RICA; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; SEX DETERMINATION; SAND TEMPERATURE; CARETTA-CARETTA; EMERGENCE; FREQUENCY AB Egg-burying reptiles need relatively stable temperature and humidity in the substrate surrounding their eggs for successful development and hatchling emergence. Here we show that egg and hatchling mortality of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in northwest Costa Rica were affected by climatic variability (precipitation and air temperature) driven by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Drier and warmer conditions associated with El Nino increased egg and hatchling mortality. The fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects a warming and drying in Central America and other regions of the World, under the SRES A2 development scenario. Using projections from an ensemble of global climate models contributed to the IPCC report, we project that egg and hatchling survival will rapidly decline in the region over the next 100 years by similar to 50-60%, due to warming and drying in northwestern Costa Rica, threatening the survival of leatherback turtles. Warming and drying trends may also threaten the survival of sea turtles in other areas affected by similar climate changes. C1 [Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian; Blanco, Gabriela S.; Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian] Leatherback Trust, Goldring Marine Biol Stn, Playa Grande, Costa Rica. [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, Charles A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN USA. RP Tomillo, PS (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ms454@drexel.edu RI Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/N-5406-2014; OI Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/0000-0002-6895-7218; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU Leatherback Trust; Betz Chair Endowment of Drexel University; Earthwatch Institute FX Financial support was provided by The Leatherback Trust (www.leatherback.org), the Betz Chair Endowment of Drexel University and the Earthwatch Institute (www.earthwatch.org). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 112 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e37602 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037602 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959TH UT WOS:000305335800063 PM 22649544 ER PT J AU Cao, HL Tian, JF Miotkowski, I Shen, T Hu, JN Qiao, S Chen, YP AF Cao, Helin Tian, Jifa Miotkowski, Ireneusz Shen, Tian Hu, Jiuning Qiao, Shan Chen, Yong P. TI Quantized Hall Effect and Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in Highly Doped Bi2Se3: Evidence for Layered Transport of Bulk Carriers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DIRAC CONE; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; SURFACE-STATES; FIELD; NANORIBBONS AB Bi2Se3 is an important semiconductor thermoelectric material and a prototype topological insulator. Here we report observation of Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations accompanied by quantized Hall resistances (R-xy) in highly doped n-type Bi2Se3 with bulk carrier concentrations of few 10(19) cm(-3). Measurements under tilted magnetic fields show that the magnetotransport is 2D-like, where only the c-axis component of the magnetic field controls the Landau level formation. The quantized step size in 1/R-xy is found to scale with the sample thickness, and average similar to e(2)/h per quintuple layer. We show that the observed magnetotransport features do not come from the sample surface, but arise from the bulk of the sample acting as many parallel 2D electron systems to give a multilayered quantum Hall effect. In addition to revealing a new electronic property of Bi2Se3, our finding also has important implications for electronic transport studies of topological insulator materials. C1 [Cao, Helin; Tian, Jifa; Miotkowski, Ireneusz; Shen, Tian; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cao, Helin; Tian, Jifa; Hu, Jiuning; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shen, Tian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Jiuning; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Qiao, Shan] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yongchen@purdue.edu RI Cao, Helin/G-5521-2012; Chen, Yong/K-7017-2012; Cao, Helin/B-5908-2013; Tian, Jifa/C-4047-2013 OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-7356-4179; Tian, Jifa/0000-0003-2921-470X FU National Science Foundation [DMR0654118]; State of Florida; Purdue Birck/MIND Center; Intel; DARPA FX We acknowledge partial support from a Purdue Birck/MIND Center seed grant, Intel, and DARPA during various stages of the study. The magnetotransport measurements were performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), which is jointly supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR0654118) and the State of Florida. We thank E. Palm, L. Engel, and Z. Jiang for experimental help. We also acknowledge discussions with J. P. Hu, Z. Fang, and L. Balicas. NR 34 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 75 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 21 AR 216803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.216803 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 947CQ UT WOS:000304404700022 PM 23003290 ER PT J AU Cahill, JTS Blewett, DT Nguyen, NV Xu, K Kirillov, OA Lawrence, SJ Denevi, BW Coman, EI AF Cahill, Joshua T. S. Blewett, David T. Nguyen, N. V. Xu, Kun Kirillov, Oleg A. Lawrence, Samuel J. Denevi, Brett W. Coman, Ecaterina I. TI Determination of iron metal optical constants: Implications for ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared remote sensing of airless bodies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; MERCURY; SURFACE; FE; NI; CO; TI; PD AB Iron metal is an opaque phase common in planetary materials both as an igneous mineral and as a space-weathering by-product. In either form, iron metal has a large influence on the interpretation of ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectra of planetary surfaces obtained from Earth- or space-based observatories. Therefore, the optical properties of iron are a critical input necessary for accurate theoretical radiative-transfer mixing models for inversion of maturity and mineral proportions from reflectance spectra. Here we report new measurements of the optical constants of iron in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (similar to 160 to 1700 nm). These values are determined from an iron metal film vapor-deposited onto a fused silica prism. Optical constant determination is carried out using an ellipsometer that performs the measurement within the prism, sensing the side of the metal film unexposed to the ambient atmosphere. The data we report have important implications for modeling planetary spectra and for comparison of laboratory measurements of extraterrestrial samples with remotely sensed data sets. Citation: Cahill, J. T. S., D. T. Blewett, N. V. Nguyen, K. Xu, O. A. Kirillov, S. J. Lawrence, B. W. Denevi, and E. I. Coman (2012), Determination of iron metal optical constants: Implications for ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared remote sensing of airless bodies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10204, doi:10.1029/2012GL051630. C1 [Cahill, Joshua T. S.; Blewett, David T.; Denevi, Brett W.; Coman, Ecaterina I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Nguyen, N. V.; Xu, Kun; Kirillov, Oleg A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Kun] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lawrence, Samuel J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Coman, Ecaterina I.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Cahill, JTS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM joshua.cahill@jhuapl.edu RI Cahill, Joshua/I-3656-2012; Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012; Blewett, David/I-4904-2012 OI Cahill, Joshua/0000-0001-6874-5533; Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663; Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358 FU NASA [NNX09AN33G, NNX10AC60G] FX The authors thank Ed Cloutis and Bruce Hapke for their constructive reviews. This work is supported by NASA grants to D. T. Blewett (Planetary Mission Data Analysis Program grant NNX09AN33G and Lunar Advanced Science and Exploration Research grant NNX10AC60G). NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10204 DI 10.1029/2012GL051630 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 949EY UT WOS:000304560600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Fuhrer, T Fu, WJ Ge, JC Bearden, DW Dallas, J Duchamp, J Walker, K Champion, H Azurmendi, H Harich, K Dorn, HC AF Zhang, Jianyuan Fuhrer, Tim Fu, Wujun Ge, Jiechao Bearden, Daniel W. Dallas, Jerry Duchamp, James Walker, Kenneth Champion, Hunter Azurmendi, Hugo Harich, Kim Dorn, Harry C. TI Nanoscale Fullerene Compression of an Yttrium Carbide Cluster SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENDOHEDRAL METALLOFULLERENE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION; CARBON CAGE; Y2C3; STABILIZATION; SC2C2-AT-C-82; PRESSURE; METALS; ISOMER; FAMILY AB The nanoscale parameters of metal clusters and lattices have a crucial influence on the macroscopic properties of materials. Herein, we provide a detailed study on the size and shape of isolated yttrium carbide clusters in different fullerene cages. A family of diyttrium endohedral metallofullerenes with the general formula of Y2C2n (n = 40-59) are reported. The high field C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) methods are employed to examine this yttrium carbide cluster in certain family members, Y2C2@D-5(450)-C-100, Y2C2@D-3(85)-C-92, Y2C2@C-84, Y2C2@C-3v(8)-C-82, and Y2C2@C-5(6)-C-82. The results of this study suggest that decreasing the size of a fullerene cage with the same (Y2C2)(4+) cluster results in nanoscale fullerene compression (NFC) from a nearly linear stretched geometry to a constrained "butterfly" structure. The C-13 NMR chemical shift and scalar (1)J(YC) coupling parameters provide a very sensitive measure of this NFC effect for the (Y2C2)(4+) cluster. The crystal structural parameters of a previously reported metal carbide, Y2C3 are directly compared to the (Y2C2)(4+) cluster in the current metallofullerene study. C1 [Zhang, Jianyuan; Fuhrer, Tim; Fu, Wujun; Ge, Jiechao; Duchamp, James; Champion, Hunter; Azurmendi, Hugo; Harich, Kim; Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Bearden, Daniel W.; Dallas, Jerry] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Walker, Kenneth] Luna Innovat Inc, NanoWorks Div, Danville, VA 24541 USA. [Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Tech, Caril Res Inst, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA. RP Dorn, HC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM hdorn@vt.edu RI Dorn, Harry/K-6830-2013; Zhang, Jianyuan/I-4996-2014 NR 35 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 20 BP 8487 EP 8493 DI 10.1021/ja300134x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 945OK UT WOS:000304285700045 PM 22497289 ER PT J AU Kwon, EY Hain, MP Sigman, DM Galbraith, ED Sarmiento, JL Toggweiler, JR AF Kwon, Eun Young Hain, Mathis P. Sigman, Daniel M. Galbraith, Eric D. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Toggweiler, J. R. TI North Atlantic ventilation of "southern-sourced" deep water in the glacial ocean SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INTERGLACIAL CO2 VARIATIONS; ANTARCTIC SEA-ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LAST DEGLACIATION; CARBON-CYCLE; HIGH-LATITUDE; GLOBAL OCEAN; CIRCULATION; STRATIFICATION; EXCHANGE AB One potential mechanism for lowering atmospheric CO2 during glacial times is an increase in the fraction of the global ocean ventilated by the North Atlantic, which produces deep water with a low concentration of unused nutrients and thus drives the ocean's biological pump to a high efficiency. However, the data indicate that during glacial times, a water mass low in C-13/C-12 and C-14/C occupied the deep Atlantic, apparently at the expense of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This water is commonly referred to as "southern-sourced" because of its apparent entry into the Atlantic basin from the South, prompting the inference that it was ventilated at the Southern Ocean surface. Here, we propose that this deep Atlantic water mass actually included a large fraction of North Atlantic-ventilated water, the chemical characteristics of which were altered by recirculation in the deep Southern and Indo-Pacific oceans. In an ocean model sensitivity experiment that reduces Antarctic Bottom Water formation and weakens its overturning circulation, we find that a much greater fraction of NADW is transported into the Southern Ocean without contacting the surface and is entrained and mixed into the southern-sourced deep water that spreads into the global abyssal ocean. Thus, North Atlantic ventilation takes over more of the ocean interior, lowering atmospheric CO2, and yet the abyssal Atlantic is filled from the South with old water low in C-13/C-12 and C-14/C, consistent with glacial data. C1 [Kwon, Eun Young] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hain, Mathis P.; Sigman, Daniel M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Toggweiler, J. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Kwon, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave,7127 Math Sci Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ekwon@atmos.ucla.edu RI Hain, Mathis/I-5252-2012; Sigman, Daniel/A-2649-2008; Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014 OI Hain, Mathis/0000-0002-8478-1857; Sigman, Daniel/0000-0002-7923-1973; Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232 FU U.S. NSF; German DFG; Humboldt Foundation; MacArthur Foundation; Siebel Energy Grand Challenge and Walbridge Fund Award at Princeton; NSF [ANT-1040957]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310096] FX We thank Jess Adkins for the invaluable and constructive discussions while preparing this manuscript. We also thank Joellen Russell and Anand Gnanadesikan for useful comments. Comments from anonymous reviewers and the editor, Christopher Charles, also helped improve this manuscript. M.P.H and D.M.S. acknowledge support by the U.S. NSF, the German DFG, the Humboldt and MacArthur Foundations, and the Siebel Energy Grand Challenge and Walbridge Fund Award at Princeton E.Y.K. and J.L.S. acknowledge award ANT-1040957 from NSF and award NA07OAR4310096 from NOAA. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 88 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAY 23 PY 2012 VL 27 AR PA2208 DI 10.1029/2011PA002211 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 949PI UT WOS:000304587700001 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Barth, MC Trainer, M AF Kim, S. -W. Barth, M. C. Trainer, M. TI Influence of fair-weather cumulus clouds on isoprene chemistry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; SHALLOW CUMULUS; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; AQUEOUS PARTICLES; DIURNAL CYCLE AB Fair-weather cumulus clouds are not resolved in regional- and global-scale atmospheric chemistry models because their horizontal extent is less than the horizontal resolution of the model. A Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model, with finer grid resolution, can resolve the energy containing turbulent eddies and fair-weather cumulus clouds. Isoprene, which is mainly emitted from deciduous forests and plays a significant role in producing ozone, has a chemical lifetime similar to the boundary layer turbulence turnover time, indicating that turbulent transport, cloud processes, and chemistry are all potentially important for the prediction of ambient isoprene concentrations. The LES model coupled with chemistry developed in this study is an ideal tool to examine the influence of fair-weather cumulus clouds on isoprene chemistry. With a LES model that includes a moderately complex gas-phase chemical mechanism of isoprene oxidation, we find enhancement of isoprene, methacrolein, and methylvinyl ketone in the cloud layer while changes in these chemical species' mixing ratios in the subcloud layer relative to the cloud-free case vary depending on the chemical lifetimes. We demonstrate that nitrogen oxides put into the system can modulate the chemical lifetimes of isoprene and related chemical species, which in turn changes the vertical distribution of the chemical species. For high NOx conditions, ozone in the subcloud layer for the cloudy case is similar to 5 ppbv lower than that for the cloud-free case, suggesting potential positive ozone bias in large-scale models that do not include fair-weather cumulus cloud processes. C1 [Kim, S. -W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kim, S. -W.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Barth, M. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; FU EPA STAR [R825379]; National Science Foundation; NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere FX Our thanks go to Kenneth Davis, Chin-Hoh Moeng, Peter Sullivan, and Ned Patton for initiation of the study and the development of NCAR LES model. Authors thank Alex Guenther and Christine Wiedinmyer for radiation data used to calculate the cloud shade effect. Authors thank Sungsu Park for a reference about cloud atlas. Helpful reviews by Don Lenschow and anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. A part of this work was supported by the EPA STAR grant R825379. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors acknowledge support from NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D10302 DI 10.1029/2011JD017099 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 949FP UT WOS:000304562400001 ER PT J AU Alin, SR Feely, RA Dickson, AG Hernandez-Ayon, JM Juranek, LW Ohman, MD Goericke, R AF Alin, Simone R. Feely, Richard A. Dickson, Andrew G. Martin Hernandez-Ayon, J. Juranek, Lauren W. Ohman, Mark D. Goericke, Ralf TI Robust empirical relationships for estimating the carbonate system in the southern California Current System and application to CalCOFI hydrographic cruise data (2005-2011) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; INORGANIC CARBON; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; UPWELLING SYSTEM; MARINE; ECOSYSTEM; CO2; VARIABILITY; SHELF; ALKALINITY AB The California Current System (CCS) is expected to experience the ecological impacts of ocean acidification (OA) earlier than most other ocean regions because coastal upwelling brings old, CO2-rich water relatively close to the surface ocean. Historical inorganic carbon measurements are scarce, so the progression of OA in the CCS is unknown. We used a multiple linear regression approach to generate empirical models using oxygen (O-2), temperature (T), salinity (S), and sigma theta (sigma(theta)) as proxy variables to reconstruct pH, carbonate saturation states, carbonate ion concentration ([CO32-]), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration, and total alkalinity (TA) in the southern CCS. The calibration data included high-quality measurements of carbon, oxygen, and other hydrographic variables, collected during a cruise from British Columbia to Baja California in May-June 2007. All resulting empirical relationships were robust, with r(2) values >0.92 and low root mean square errors. Estimated and measured carbon chemistry matched very well for independent data sets from the CalCOFI and IMECOCAL programs. Reconstructed CCS pH and saturation states for 2005-2011 reveal a pronounced seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability in the upper water column. Deeper in the water column, conditions are stable throughout the annual cycle, with perennially low pH and saturation states. Over sub-decadal time scales, these empirical models provide a valuable tool for reconstructing carbonate chemistry related to ocean acidification where direct observations are limited. However, progressive increases in anthropogenic CO2 content of southern CCS water masses must be carefully addressed to apply the models over longer time scales. C1 [Alin, Simone R.; Feely, Richard A.; Juranek, Lauren W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dickson, Andrew G.; Ohman, Mark D.; Goericke, Ralf] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Martin Hernandez-Ayon, J.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Juranek, Lauren W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Alin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM simone.r.alin@noaa.gov OI Hernandez-Ayon, Jose Martin/0000-0001-6869-6225 FU CONACyT [25339, 23804, 2008-99252]; NOAA; NSF; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank the scientists and crew of the 2007 West Coast Cruise for generating a high-quality calibration data set and the scientists and crew of the CalCOFI and IMECOCAL programs (IMECOCAL funded by CONACyT 25339, 23804, 2008-99252) for making their hydrographic time series available. This work was supported by the NOAA Global Carbon Cycle and Ocean Acidification Programs and a contribution from the California Current Ecosystem LTER site, supported by NSF. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. This is PMEL contribution 3743 and JISAO contribution 2022. NR 59 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C05033 DI 10.1029/2011JC007511 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 949HB UT WOS:000304566200002 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Kang, SH Sha, J Bonnesen, PV Satija, S Wu, WL Ober, CK AF Prabhu, Vivek M. Kang, Shuhui Sha, Jing Bonnesen, Peter V. Satija, Sushil Wu, Wen-li Ober, Christopher K. TI Neutron Reflectivity Characterization of the Photoacid Reaction-Diffusion Latent and Developed Images of Molecular Resists for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; POLYMER THIN-FILMS; REACTION-KINETICS; SPATIAL EXTENT; REACTION FRONT; DISSOLUTION; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY AB Lithographic feature size requirements have approached a few radius of gyration of photoresist polymers used in thin-film patterning. Furthermore, the feature dimensions are commensurate with the photoacid diffusion length that defines the underlying latent image. Smaller imaging building blocks may enable reduced feature sizes; however, resolution limits are also dependent upon the spatial extent of the photoacid-catalyzed reaction diffusion front and subsequent dissolution mechanism. The reaction-diffusion front was characterized by neutron reflectivity for ccc stereoisomer-purified, deuterium-labeled tert-butoxycarbonyloxy calix[4]resorcinarene molecular resists. The spatial extent of the reaction front exceeds the size of the molecular resist with an effective diffusion constant of (0.13 +/- 0.06) nm(2)/s for reaction times longer than 60 s, with the maximum at shorter times. Comparison to a mean-field reaction-diffusion model shows that a photoacid trapping process provides bounds to the spatial and extent of reaction via a reaction-limited mechanism whereas the ratio of the reaction rate to trapping rate constants recovers the effective diffusion peak. Under the ideal step-exposure conditions, surface roughness was observed after either positive- or negative-tone development. However, negative-tone development follows a surfacere-structuring mechanism rather than etch-like dissolution in positive-tone development. C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.; Kang, Shuhui; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sha, Jing; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bonnesen, Peter V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov RI Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281 FU Intel Corporation [CRADA 1893]; NIST [CRADA 1893]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR- 0518785] FX This work was supported by a cooperative research and development agreement between Intel Corporation and NIST (CRADA 1893). A portion of this research was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences under user proposal 2008-286 and was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility (CNF), the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR), and a grant from the National Science Foundation (DMR- 0518785) are acknowledged for the partial support of this work. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 22 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 20 BP 7665 EP 7678 DI 10.1021/la301311m PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 944UO UT WOS:000304229500011 PM 22577835 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K AF Rykaczewski, Konrad TI Microdroplet Growth Mechanism during Water Condensation on Superhydrophobic Surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DROPWISE CONDENSATION; BREATH FIGURES; HEAT-TRANSFER; ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; DROPLET; COALESCENCE; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; WETTABILITY; TRANSITIONS AB By promoting dropwise condensation of water, nanostructured superhydrophobic coatings have the potential to dramatically increase the heat transfer rate during this phase change process. As a consequence, these coatings may be a facile method of enhancing the efficiency of power generation and water desalination systems. However, the microdroplet growth mechanism on surfaces which evince superhydrophobic characteristics during condensation is not well understood. In this work, the sub-10 pm dynamics of droplet formation on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces are studied experimentally and theoretically. A quantitative model for droplet growth in the constant base (CB) area mode is developed. The model is validated using optimized environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging of microdroplet growth on a superhydrophobic surface consisting of immobilized alumina nanoparticles modified with a hydrophobic promoter. The optimized ESEM imaging procedure increases the image acquisition rate by a factor of 10-50 as compared to previous research. With the improved imaging temporal resolution, it is demonstrated that nucleating nanodroplets coalesce to create a wetted flat spot with a diameter of a few micrometers from which the microdroplet emerges in purely CB mode. After the droplet reaches a contact angle of 130-150 degrees, its base diameter increases in a discrete steplike fashion. The droplet height does not change appreciably during this steplike base diameter increase, leading to a small decrease of the contact angle. Subsequently, the drop grows in CB mode until it again reaches the maximum contact angle and increases its base diameter in a steplike fashion. This microscopic stick-and-slip motion can occur up to four times prior to the droplet coalescence with neighboring drops. Lastly, the constant contact angle (CCA) and the CB growth models are used to show that modeling formation of a droplet with a 150 degrees contact angle in the CCA mode rather than in the CB mode severely underpredicts both the drop formation time and the average heat transfer rate through the drop. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov FU National Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA) FX This research was performed while I held a National Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA) Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. I kindly acknowledge Dr. Jeff Chinn from Integrated Surface Technologies for providing the superhydrophobic sample, Dr. William A. Osborn from NIST for the AFM surface characterization, Dr. Marlon L. Walker from NIST for silicon wafer surface modification, and Mr. David M. Anderson, Dr. Andrei G. Fedorov, and Dr. Peter A. Kottke from Georgia Tech for insightful conversations and comments. NR 78 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 14 U2 141 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 22 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 20 BP 7720 EP 7729 DI 10.1021/la301618h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 944UO UT WOS:000304229500016 PM 22548441 ER PT J AU Dimitriou, MD Martinelli, E Fischer, DA Galli, G Kramer, EJ AF Dimitriou, Michael D. Martinelli, Elisa Fischer, Daniel A. Galli, Giancarlo Kramer, Edward J. TI Surface Organization of a Perfluorocarbon-Functionalized Polystyrene Homopolymer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FOULING-RELEASE PROPERTIES; AMPHIPHILIC SIDE-CHAINS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; THIN-FILMS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY AB We use the perfluorocarbon-functionalized polymer, poly(4-((1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-oxycarbonyl)styrene) [PPFOCS], as a model system with both surface molecular segregation and molecular orientation to test the capabilities of a near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy analysis scheme for polymer surfaces. Both NEXAFS spectroscopy and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show segregation of the -(CF2)(7)CF3 chain to the air/polymer interface with the styrenic portion underneath. Postedge analysis of the NEXAFS spectra indicates a low carbon atom density surface layer, of thickness 1.0-1.4 nm, due to the overlayer of perfluorocarbon chains. An analysis of the NEXAFS C is -> pi(C=C)* and C 1s -> sigma(C-F)* transitions accounting for the different depth distributions of the phenyl rings and fluorocarbon helices reveals strong orientational ordering with the orientational order parameter S-C=C for the phenyl ring equal to -0.27 and for the C-F bonds in the fluorocarbon helix SC-F equal to -0.13. The S-C=C and SC-F determined for the polymer with the ester-linked side chain are considerably higher than those reported previously (-0.039 and 0, respectively) for a polymer [poly(4-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)oxymethylstyrene)] with an identical side chain that was ether linked to the styrene phenyl ring.(1) We tentatively attribute the high orientation in the PPFOCS to the partial conjugation between the ester group and the phenyl ring providing a relatively stiff linkage between the perfluorocarbon helix and the phenyl ring. C1 [Martinelli, Elisa; Galli, Giancarlo] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Dimitriou, Michael D.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dimitriou, Michael D.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Galli, G (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. EM gallig@dcci.unipi.it; edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014*02-1-0170]; NSF [DMR-0704539]; NSF-MRSEC (UCSB MRL) [DMR-1121053]; Italian MiUR FX This work was primarily supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Award No. N00014*02-1-0170. M.D.D. and E.J.K. acknowledge partial support from the NSF Polymers Program (DMR-0704539) as well as the use of facilities funded by the NSF-MRSEC program (UCSB MRL, DMR-1121053). E.M. and G.G. thank the Italian MiUR (fondi PRIN) for partial support of the work. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 22 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 10 BP 4295 EP 4302 DI 10.1021/ma300069e PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 944SS UT WOS:000304224700031 ER PT J AU Yablon, DG Gannepalli, A Proksch, R Killgore, J Hurley, DC Grabowski, J Tsou, AH AF Yablon, Dalia G. Gannepalli, Anil Proksch, Roger Killgore, Jason Hurley, Donna C. Grabowski, Jean Tsou, Andy H. TI Quantitative Viscoelastic Mapping of Polyolefin Blends with Contact Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MODULATION; TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY; FILMS AB The storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E '') of polyolefin blends have been mapped on the nanoscale with contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-FM), a dynamic contact mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Modulus values measured on various components within a blend of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene compared favorably with expected moduli of individual pure components at the contact resonance frequency that were calculated from bulk dynamic,mechanical analysis (DMA) measurement results. Absolute storage modulus values were in good agreement with DMA results, while the loss modulus values obtained from CR-FM were consistently lower than those acquired from DMA Application of CR-FM to an elastomer-containing blend resulted in moduli map artifacts due to the elastomer's high adhesion and low storage modulus, illustrating its limitation in quantifying viscoelastic properties of soft elastomers. In spite of this current limitation, the results presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of contact resonance methods for quantifying nanoscale viscoelastic properties of certain thermoplastic polymers. C1 [Yablon, Dalia G.; Grabowski, Jean; Tsou, Andy H.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Gannepalli, Anil; Proksch, Roger] Asylum Res, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Killgore, Jason; Hurley, Donna C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yablon, DG (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. EM dalia.g.yablon@exxonmobil.com FU NRC at NIST FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Majia Amin (ExxonMobil Chemical Co.) for DMA data. This research was performed while JPK held an NRC Research Associateship Award at NIST. This work is a partial contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government. Mention of commercial equipment, instruments, or materials provides useful information, but does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 48 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 22 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 10 BP 4363 EP 4370 DI 10.1021/ma2028038 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 944SS UT WOS:000304224700039 ER PT J AU Rhyne, AL Tlusty, MF Schofield, PJ Kaufman, L Morris, JA Bruckner, AW AF Rhyne, Andrew L. Tlusty, Michael F. Schofield, Pamela J. Kaufman, Les Morris, James A., Jr. Bruckner, Andrew W. TI Revealing the Appetite of the Marine Aquarium Fish Trade: The Volume and Biodiversity of Fish Imported into the United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CARDINALFISH PTERAPOGON-KAUDERNI; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; WILDLIFE TRADE; REEF FISHES; INVASIONS; RISKS AB The aquarium trade and other wildlife consumers are at a crossroads forced by threats from global climate change and other anthropogenic stressors that have weakened coastal ecosystems. While the wildlife trade may put additional stress on coral reefs, it brings income into impoverished parts of the world and may stimulate interest in marine conservation. To better understand the influence of the trade, we must first be able to quantify coral reef fauna moving through it. Herein, we discuss the lack of a data system for monitoring the wildlife aquarium trade and analyze problems that arise when trying to monitor the trade using a system not specifically designed for this purpose. To do this, we examined an entire year of import records of marine tropical fish entering the United States in detail, and discuss the relationship between trade volume, biodiversity and introduction of non-native marine fishes. Our analyses showed that biodiversity levels are higher than previous estimates. Additionally, more than half of government importation forms have numerical or other reporting discrepancies resulting in the overestimation of trade volumes by 27%. While some commonly imported species have been introduced into the coastal waters of the USA (as expected), we also found that some uncommon species in the trade have also been introduced. This is the first study of aquarium trade imports to compare commercial invoices to government forms and provides a means to, routinely and in real time, examine the biodiversity of the trade in coral reef wildlife species. C1 [Rhyne, Andrew L.; Tlusty, Michael F.; Kaufman, Les] New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA USA. [Rhyne, Andrew L.] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] United States Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Kaufman, Les] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston Univ Marine Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kaufman, Les] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Morris, James A., Jr.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC USA. [Bruckner, Andrew W.] Khaled Bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD USA. RP Rhyne, AL (reprint author), New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA USA. EM arhyne@rwu.edu OI Rhyne, Andrew/0000-0001-7252-3431 FU Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) as part of the International Marine Conservation Congress workshop "International Trade in Coral Reef Species"; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program [NA09NMF4000385]; EDF; NOAA FX Seed funds to initiate this work were from the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) as part of the 2009 International Marine Conservation Congress workshop "International Trade in Coral Reef Species." A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program NA09NMF4000385 to Rhyne provided funding for the project. Two authors of this work are employees of the United States Government, but neither they nor their respective offices had a role in the funding of the research beyond provision of salary. The funder EDF had no role in the study's design, data acquisition, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funder NOAA Office of Habitat Conservation provided the data used in the study but had no role in the analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 96 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e35808 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0035808 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959VD UT WOS:000305343100003 PM 22629303 ER PT J AU Glorieux, Q Clark, JB Marino, AM Zhou, ZF Lett, PD AF Glorieux, Quentin Clark, Jeremy B. Marino, Alberto M. Zhou, Zhifan Lett, Paul D. TI Temporally multiplexed storage of images in a gradient echo memory SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HOLOGRAPHIC MOTION-PICTURE; RUBIDIUM VAPOR; QUANTUM MEMORY; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; SPIN RELAXATION AB We study the storage and retrieval of images in a hot atomic vapor using the gradient echo memory protocol. We demonstrate that this technique allows for the storage of multiple spatial modes. We study both spatial and temporal multiplexing by storing a sequence of two different images in the atomic vapor. The effect of atomic diffusion on the spatial resolution is discussed and characterized experimentally. For short storage time a normalized spatial cross-correlation between a retrieved image and its input of 88 % is reported. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Glorieux, Quentin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glorieux, Q (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM quentin.glorieux@nist.gov RI Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012; Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 OI Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233; FU AFOSR FX This work was supported by the AFOSR. Q.G. and P.D.L. thank Ping Koy Lam and Ben Buchler of the Quantum Optics Group at ANU for hosting a visit by Q.G. Q.G. thanks all the members of this group for fruitful discussions. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 11 BP 12350 EP 12358 DI 10.1364/OE.20.012350 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 947CB UT WOS:000304403100079 PM 22714222 ER PT J AU Knabe, K Williams, PA Giorgetta, FR Armacost, CM Crivello, S Radunsky, MB Newbury, NR AF Knabe, Kevin Williams, Paul A. Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Armacost, Chris M. Crivello, Sam Radunsky, Michael B. Newbury, Nathan R. TI Frequency characterization of a swept- and fixed-wavelength external-cavity quantum cascade laser by use of a frequency comb SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NOISE AB The instantaneous optical frequency of an external-cavity quantum cascade laser (QCL) is characterized by comparison to a near-infrared frequency comb. Fluctuations in the instantaneous optical frequency are analyzed to determine the frequency-noise power spectral density for the external-cavity QCL both during fixed-wavelength and swept-wavelength operation. The noise performance of a near-infrared external-cavity diode laser is measured for comparison. In addition to providing basic frequency metrology of external-cavity QCLs, this comb-calibrated swept QCL system can be applied to rapid, precise broadband spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral region. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Knabe, Kevin; Williams, Paul A.; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Newbury, Nathan R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Armacost, Chris M.; Crivello, Sam; Radunsky, Michael B.] Daylight Solut, San Diego, CA 92128 USA. RP Knabe, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.knabe@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 11 BP 12432 EP 12442 DI 10.1364/OE.20.012432 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 947CB UT WOS:000304403100087 PM 22714230 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Lattice cluster theory of associating telechelic polymers. III. Order parameter and average degree of self-assembly, transition temperature, and specific heat SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BASIC THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; MODEL AB The lattice cluster theory of strongly interacting, structured polymer fluids is applied to determine the thermodynamic properties of solutions of telechelic polymers that may associate through bifunctional end groups. Hence, this model represents a significant albeit natural extension of a diverse array of prior popular equilibrium polymerization models in which structureless "bead" monomers associate into chain-like clusters under equilibrium conditions. In particular, the thermodynamic description of the self-assembly of linear telechelic chains in small molecule solvents (initiated in Paper II) is systematically extended through calculations of the order parameter Phi and average degree < N > of self-assembly, the self-assembly transition temperature T-p, and the specific heat C-v of solutions of telechelic molecules. Special focus is placed on examining how molecular and thermodynamic parameters, such as the solution composition phi, temperature T, microscopic interaction energies (epsilon(s) and epsilon), and length M of individual telechelic chains, influence the computed thermodynamic quantities that are commonly used to characterize self-assembling systems. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714562] C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu FU NSF [CHE-1111918] FX This research is supported, in part, by NSF (Grant No. CHE-1111918). NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 19 AR 194902 DI 10.1063/1.4714562 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 945VC UT WOS:000304303500039 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Lattice cluster theory of associating polymers. IV. Phase behavior of telechelic polymer solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; BLENDS; MODEL; MISCIBILITY; WATER AB The newly developed lattice cluster theory (in Paper I) for the thermodynamics of solutions of telechelic polymers is used to examine the phase behavior of these complex fluids when effective polymer-solvent interactions are unfavorable. The telechelics are modeled as linear, fully flexible, polymer chains with mono-functional stickers at the two chain ends, and these chains are assumed to self-assemble upon cooling. Phase separation is generated through the interplay of self-assembly and polymer/solvent interactions that leads to an upper critical solution temperature phase separation. The variations of the boundaries for phase stability and the critical temperature and composition are analyzed in detail as functions of the number M of united atom groups in a telechelic chain and the microscopic nearest neighbor interaction energy epsilon(s) driving the self-assembly. The coupling between self-assembly and unfavorable polymer/solvent interactions produces a wide variety of nontrivial patterns of phase behavior, including an enhancement of miscibility accompanying the increase of the molar mass of the telechelics under certain circumstances. Special attention is devoted to understanding this unusual trend in miscibility. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714563] C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu FU NSF [CHE-1111918] FX The research is supported, in part, by NSF (Grant No. CHE-1111918). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 19 AR 194903 DI 10.1063/1.4714563 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 945VC UT WOS:000304303500040 ER PT J AU Long, DA Cygan, A van Zee, RD Okumura, M Miller, CE Lisak, D Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Cygan, A. van Zee, R. D. Okumura, M. Miller, C. E. Lisak, D. Hodges, J. T. TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID O-2 A-BAND; ELEMENTARY CHEMICAL PROCESSES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; COMB SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM; NOBEL LECTURE; WATER-VAPOR; SPECTROMETER; INTENSITIES; PRESSURE AB We describe frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS), an ultraprecise refinement of conventional CRDS. We review the technique and highlight some recent studies that have utilized FS-CRDS to perform precision measurements of molecular transitions in the near-infrared. We describe system enhancements that are currently under implementation, including Pound-Drever-Hall locking and optical frequency comb-stabilization, which have the potential to reduce the uncertainty in both the absorption and frequency axes of our spectra by more than an order of magnitude. Finally, we describe high impact applications of this capability that can exploit frequency axis uncertainty at the 10 kHz level and signal-to-noise ratios exceeding 200000:1. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Long, D. A.; van Zee, R. D.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Okumura, M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM David.Long@nist.gov; mo@caltech.edu; jhodges@nist.gov RI Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013 OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GD88G, NNX09AE21G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0957490]; NASA Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) [104127-04.02.02]; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM; EU; Polish NCN [N N202 2392 40]; National Science Centre [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491] FX We acknowledge continual support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, including the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program, which made much of the work described herein possible. Part of the research described in this Letter was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Additional support was provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program Grants NNG06GD88G and NNX09AE21G; National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant CHE-0957490, and the NASA Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Grant 104127-04.02.02. The research was partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund and is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. A. Cygan is supported by the Polish NCN Project No. N N202 2392 40. The research was also supported by the National Science Centre, Project No. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491. NR 68 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 536 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.035 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 937MA UT WOS:000303661400001 ER PT J AU Phillips, LF Nesbitt, DJ AF Phillips, Leon F. Nesbitt, David J. TI The surface of liquid gallium SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; VAPOR INTERFACE; SCATTERING; METAL; COLLISIONS; ENERGY; CRYSTALLIZATION; DYNAMICS; ALLOY AB Data for liquid metals is reinterpreted in terms of a model in which the surface is solid in the direction normal to the surface but is disordered in directions parallel to the surface. Thermal motions previously termed capillary waves become vibrations along the normal axis and therefore lack viscous damping. The model, which applies to liquids with surface-induced layering, avoids problems that arise when such a surface is analyzed as a simple liquid, notably (i) negative dilatational viscosity, (ii) unexpectedly large surface tension, and (iii) the need to restrict surface waves to low k-values to ensure normal-mode excitations. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Leon F.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Phillips, LF (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM leon.phillips@canterbury.ac.nz FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with additional support from the National Science Foundation. LFP gratefully acknowledges the National Institute for Standards and Technology for the award of a JILA Visiting Fellowship. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for many helpful comments, and for making us think more deeply about the implications of the model. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2012 VL 536 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.079 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 937MA UT WOS:000303661400012 ER PT J AU Reese, ED Mroczkowski, T Menanteau, F Hilton, M Sievers, J Aguirre, P Appel, JW Baker, AJ Bond, JR Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Dunner, R Essinger-Hileman, T Fowler, JW Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hill, JC Hincks, AD Huffenberger, KM Hughes, JP Irwin, KD Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lin, YT Marriage, TA Marsden, D Moodley, K Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Rojas, F Sehgal, N Sifon, C Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Wollack, EJ AF Reese, Erik D. Mroczkowski, Tony Menanteau, Felipe Hilton, Matt Sievers, Jonathan Aguirre, Paula Appel, John William Baker, Andrew J. Bond, J. Richard Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon R. Duenner, Rolando Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fowler, Joseph W. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Hill, J. Colin Hincks, Adam D. Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Irwin, Kent D. Klein, Jeff Kosowsky, Arthur Lin, Yen-Ting Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Parker, Lucas Partridge, Bruce Rojas, Felipe Sehgal, Neelima Sifon, Cristobal Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Wollack, Edward J. TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: HIGH-RESOLUTION SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH ARRAY OBSERVATIONS OF ACT SZE-SELECTED CLUSTERS FROM THE EQUATORIAL STRIP SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; techniques: interferometric; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM; WEAK-LENSING MEASUREMENTS; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY; RADIO-SOURCES; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; DARK ENERGY; 148 GHZ AB We present follow-up observations with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) of optically confirmed galaxy clusters found in the equatorial survey region of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT): ACT-CL J0022-0036, ACT-CL J2051+0057, and ACT-CL J2337+0016. ACT-CL J0022-0036 is a newly discovered, massive (similar or equal to 10(15) M-circle dot), high-redshift (z = 0.81) cluster revealed by ACT through the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE). Deep, targeted observations with the SZA allow us to probe a broader range of cluster spatial scales, better disentangle cluster decrements from radio point-source emission, and derive more robust integrated SZE flux and mass estimates than we can with ACT data alone. For the two clusters we detect with the SZA we compute integrated SZE signal and derive masses from the SZA data only. ACT-CL J2337+ 0016, also known as A2631, has archival Chandra data that allow an additional X-ray-based mass estimate. Optical richness is also used to estimate cluster masses and shows good agreement with the SZE and X-ray-based estimates. Based on the point sources detected by the SZA in these three cluster fields and an extrapolation to ACT's frequency, we estimate that point sources could be contaminating the SZE decrement at the less than or similar to 20% level for some fraction of clusters. C1 [Reese, Erik D.; Mroczkowski, Tony; Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Klein, Jeff; Marsden, Danica; Swetz, Daniel S.; Switzer, Eric R.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Menanteau, Felipe; Baker, Andrew J.; Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Sievers, Jonathan; Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Nolta, Michael R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Aguirre, Paula; Duenner, Rolando; Rojas, Felipe; Sifon, Cristobal] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Appel, John William; Das, Sudeep; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hajian, Amir; Hill, J. Colin; Marriage, Tobias A.; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Sehgal, Neelima] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Switzer, Eric R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Thornton, Robert] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, Hy] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Reese, ED (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [PF0-110077]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; University of Toronto; Programa de Astronomia de la Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington; NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership; National Science Foundation; University of Chicago FX We are grateful to John Carpenter for guidance on CARMA observing, the queue, and a crash-course in Miriad. We thank the CARMA collaboration, especially Tom Plagge, for many discussions of the nitty-gritty details of the data. Support for T.M. was provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF0-110077. The CARMA 3.5 m observations presented here were awarded in proposals c0563 and c0619.; This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, and PIRE-0507768. Funding was also provided by Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. The PIRE program made possible exchanges between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the US that enabled this research program. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto. A.C.T. operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of Programa de Astronomia de la Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT).; Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington.; This work made use of observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope, which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium and observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership. NR 104 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2012 VL 751 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/751/1/12 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 939MF UT WOS:000303814600012 ER PT J AU Lenton, A Metzl, N Takahashi, T Kuchinke, M Matear, RJ Roy, T Sutherland, SC Sweeney, C Tilbrook, B AF Lenton, Andrew Metzl, Nicolas Takahashi, Taro Kuchinke, Mareva Matear, Richard J. Roy, Tilla Sutherland, Stewart C. Sweeney, Colm Tilbrook, Bronte TI The observed evolution of oceanic pCO(2) and its drivers over the last two decades SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CO2 SINK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SURFACE WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATLANTIC AB We use a database of more than 4.4 million observations of ocean pCO(2) to investigate oceanic pCO(2) growth rates. We use pCO(2) measurements, with corresponding sea surface temperature and salinity measurements, to reconstruct alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon to understand what is driving these growth rates in different ocean regions. If the oceanic pCO(2) growth rate is faster (slower) than the atmospheric CO2 growth rate, the region can be interpreted as having a decreasing (increasing) atmospheric CO2 uptake. Only the Western subpolar and subtropical North Pacific, and the Southern Ocean are found to have sufficient spatial and temporal observations to calculate the growth rates of oceanic pCO(2) in different seasons. Based on these regions, we find the strength of the ocean carbon sink has declined over the last two decades due to a combination of regional drivers (physical and biological). In the subpolar North Pacific reduced atmospheric CO2 uptake in the summer is associated with changes in the biological production, while in the subtropical North Pacific enhanced uptake in winter is associated with enhanced biological production. In the Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean a reduced winter atmospheric CO2 uptake is associated with a positive SAM response. Conversely in the more stratified Atlantic Ocean sector enhanced summer uptake is associated with increased biological production and reduced vertical supply. We are not able to separate climate variability and change as the calculated growth rates are at the limit of detection and are associated with large uncertainties. Ongoing sustained observations of global oceanic pCO(2) and its drivers, including dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, are key to detecting and understanding how the ocean carbon sink will evolve in future and what processes are driving this change. C1 [Lenton, Andrew; Kuchinke, Mareva; Matear, Richard J.; Tilbrook, Bronte] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. [Metzl, Nicolas; Roy, Tilla] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lenton, A (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. EM andrew.lenton@csiro.au RI Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; matear, richard/C-5133-2011; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012 OI Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827 FU European FP6 project CarboOcean [511176 GOCE]; European FP7 project CarboChange [264879]; Australian Climate Change Science Project; United States NOAA [NA080AR43207]; NSF [ANT06-36879]; Pacific Climate Change Science Program FX A. L., B. T. and R. J. M. acknowledge support from the Australian Climate Change Science Project. N.M., T. R. and A. L. acknowledge support from the European FP6 and FP7 projects CarboOcean (contract 511176 GOCE) and CarboChange (contract 264879). N.M. also acknowledges the French national program LEFE a component of SOLAS-France. T. T and S. C. S. acknowledge support from United States NOAA grant NA080AR43207 and NSF grant ANT06-36879. M. K. acknowledges support from Pacific Climate Change Science Program. NR 63 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 19 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB2021 DI 10.1029/2011GB004095 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 945HJ UT WOS:000304263400001 ER PT J AU Koffi, B Schulz, M Breon, FM Griesfeller, J Winker, D Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, T Chin, MA Collins, WD Dentener, F Diehl, T Easter, R Ghan, S Ginoux, P Gong, SL Horowitz, LW Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Koch, D Krol, M Myhre, G Stier, P Takemura, T AF Koffi, Brigitte Schulz, Michael Breon, Francois-Marie Griesfeller, Jan Winker, David Balkanski, Yves Bauer, Susanne Berntsen, Terje Chin, Mian Collins, William D. Dentener, Frank Diehl, Thomas Easter, Richard Ghan, Steven Ginoux, Paul Gong, Sunling Horowitz, Larry W. Iversen, Trond Kirkevag, Alf Koch, Dorothy Krol, Maarten Myhre, Gunnar Stier, Philip Takemura, Toshihiko TI Application of the CALIOP layer product to evaluate the vertical distribution of aerosols estimated by global models: AeroCom phase I results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GODDARD-INSTITUTE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CALIPSO LIDAR; GOCART MODEL; MINERAL DUST; EMISSION INVENTORIES AB The CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) layer product is used for a multimodel evaluation of the vertical distribution of aerosols. Annual and seasonal aerosol extinction profiles are analyzed over 13 sub-continental regions representative of industrial, dust, and biomass burning pollution, from CALIOP 2007-2009 observations and from AeroCom (Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models) 2000 simulations. An extinction mean height diagnostic (Z(alpha)) is defined to quantitatively assess the models' performance. It is calculated over the 0-6 km and 0-10 km altitude ranges by weighting the altitude of each 100 m altitude layer by its aerosol extinction coefficient. The mean extinction profiles derived from CALIOP layer products provide consistent regional and seasonal specificities and a low inter-annual variability. While the outputs from most models are significantly correlated with the observed Z(alpha) climatologies, some do better than others, and 2 of the 12 models perform particularly well in all seasons. Over industrial and maritime regions, most models show higher Z(alpha) than observed by CALIOP, whereas over the African and Chinese dust source regions, Za is underestimated during Northern Hemisphere Spring and Summer. The positive model bias in Z(alpha) is mainly due to an overestimate of the extinction above 6 km. Potential CALIOP and model limitations, and methodological factors that might contribute to the differences are discussed. C1 [Koffi, Brigitte; Schulz, Michael; Breon, Francois-Marie; Griesfeller, Jan; Balkanski, Yves] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Schulz, Michael; Griesfeller, Jan; Iversen, Trond; Kirkevag, Alf] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Winker, David] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Bauer, Susanne] Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY USA. [Berntsen, Terje; Iversen, Trond] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Berntsen, Terje; Myhre, Gunnar] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Chin, Mian; Diehl, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dentener, Frank] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Diehl, Thomas] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Easter, Richard; Ghan, Steven] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ginoux, Paul; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gong, Sunling] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Koch, Dorothy] US DOE, Climate & Environm Sci Div, Washington, DC USA. [Krol, Maarten] Wageningen Univ, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, Maarten] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Stier, Philip] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. RP Koffi, B (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Orme Merisiers Bat 712,Point Courrier 132, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM brigitte.koffi@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Breon, Francois-Marie/M-4639-2016; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Breon, Francois-Marie/0000-0003-2128-739X; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU French space agency CNES (Centre National des Etudes Spatiales); Infrastructure for the European Network for Earth System Modeling (IS-ENES) European Union [228203]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors would like to thank the three reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that allowed significantly improving the quality of the manuscript. We thank the ICARE Data and Services Center for providing access to the CALIOP CNES/NASA data used in this study and for providing computing access and support. We also would like to thank Stefan Kinne (MPIM, Germany) and Christiane Textor (previously at LSCE, France) for their important contribution to the development and the maintenance of the AeroCom tool and website (http://aerocom.met.no/cgi-bin/aerocom/lidar_annualrs.pl). We are grateful to Oyvind Seland, who was a central developer of the UIO-GCM model. We also acknowledge Cecilia Garrec for the English revision and her general comments on the text. This work was supported by the French space agency CNES (Centre National des Etudes Spatiales) and by the Infrastructure for the European Network for Earth System Modeling (IS-ENES) European Union project (agreement 228203). S. Ghan and R. Easter were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 127 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 19 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D10201 DI 10.1029/2011JD016858 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 945GE UT WOS:000304260300001 ER PT J AU Zhou, HD Cheng, JG Hallas, AM Wiebe, CR Li, G Balicas, L Zhou, JS Goodenough, JB Gardner, JS Choi, ES AF Zhou, H. D. Cheng, J. G. Hallas, A. M. Wiebe, C. R. Li, G. Balicas, L. Zhou, J. S. Goodenough, J. B. Gardner, J. S. Choi, E. S. TI Chemical Pressure Effects on Pyrochlore Spin Ice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MONOPOLES; HO2TI2O7; LIQUID AB A comparison among the two sets of studied pyrochlore spin ices, Ho2Sn2O7, Ho2Ti2O7, and Ho2Ge2O7 with Ho3+ spins and Dy2Sn2O7, Dy2Ti2O7, and Dy2Ge2O7 with Dy3+ spins, shows that the application of chemical pressure through each set drives the system toward the antiferromagnetic phase boundary from the spin ice region, which agrees with the prediction of the "dipolar spin ice" model of den Hertog and Gingras. Among all the studied pyrochlore spin ices, Dy2Ge2O7 has the smallest ratio of J(nn)/D-nn = -0.73. C1 [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.; Li, G.; Balicas, L.; Choi, E. S.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cheng, J. G.; Zhou, J. S.; Goodenough, J. B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hallas, A. M.; Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM zhou@magnet.fsu.edu RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Cheng, Jinguang/A-8342-2012; Li, Gang/E-3033-2015; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016; OI Goodenough, John Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034 FU NSF through the Cooperative Agreement [DMR-0654118]; State of Florida; NSERC; CFI; ACS Petroleum Fund; NSF [DMR-0904282, DMR-1122603]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [F-1066]; DOE-BES [DE-SC0002613] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF through the Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0654118 and the State of Florida. C. R. W. acknowledges support through NSERC, CFI and the ACS Petroleum Fund. J. S. Z. and J. B. G. are grateful for financial support from NSF DMR-0904282 and DMR-1122603 and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (No. F-1066). L. B. is supported by DOE-BES through Grant No. DE-SC0002613. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 61 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 20 AR 207206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.207206 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 982TP UT WOS:000307068600013 PM 23003185 ER PT J AU Hong, JR Talapatra, S Katz, J Tester, PA Waggett, RJ Place, AR AF Hong, Jiarong Talapatra, Siddharth Katz, Joseph Tester, Patricia A. Waggett, Rebecca J. Place, Allen R. TI Algal Toxins Alter Copepod Feeding Behavior SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DINOFLAGELLATE KARLODINIUM-VENEFICUM; ACARTIA-TONSA; CALANOID COPEPODS; KARENIA-BREVIS; PREY-SELECTION; BLOOMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DINOPHYCEAE; HOLOGRAPHY; RESISTANCE AB Using digital holographic cinematography, we quantify and compare the feeding behavior of free-swimming copepods, Acartia tonsa, on nutritional prey (Storeatula major) to that occurring during exposure to toxic and non-toxic strains of Karenia brevis and Karlodinium veneficum. These two harmful algal species produce polyketide toxins with different modes of action and potency. We distinguish between two different beating modes of the copepod's feeding appendages-a "sampling beating" that has short durations (<100 ms) and involves little fluid entrainment and a longer duration "grazing beating" that persists up to 1200 ms and generates feeding currents. The durations of both beating modes have log-normal distributions. Without prey, A. tonsa only samples the environment at low frequency. Upon introduction of non-toxic food, it increases its sampling time moderately and the grazing period substantially. On mono algal diets for either of the toxic dinoflagellates, sampling time fraction is high but the grazing is very limited. A. tonsa demonstrates aversion to both toxic algal species. In mixtures of S. major and the neurotoxin producing K. brevis, sampling and grazing diminish rapidly, presumably due to neurological effects of consuming brevetoxins while trying to feed on S. major. In contrast, on mixtures of cytotoxin producing K. veneficum, both behavioral modes persist, indicating that intake of karlotoxins does not immediately inhibit the copepod's grazing behavior. These findings add critical insight into how these algal toxins may influence the copepod's feeding behavior, and suggest how some harmful algal species may alter top-down control exerted by grazers like copepods. C1 [Hong, Jiarong; Talapatra, Siddharth; Katz, Joseph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Tester, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC USA. [Waggett, Rebecca J.] Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Place, Allen R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Hong, JR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM katz@jhu.edu RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013; Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research; National Research Council (NRC); Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR); National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX Support for the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) group has been provided in part by National Science Foundation, and in part by the Office of Naval Research, National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). Support for RJW was from National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program (RAP) funded by the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR) and National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This is contribution #4649 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, contribution #12-231 from the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology and contribution #685 from the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 18 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36845 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036845 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959VG UT WOS:000305343500031 PM 22629336 ER PT J AU Klinck, H Mellinger, DK Klinck, K Bogue, NM Luby, JC Jump, WA Shilling, GB Litchendorf, T Wood, AS Schorr, GS Baird, RW AF Klinck, Holger Mellinger, David K. Klinck, Karolin Bogue, Neil M. Luby, James C. Jump, William A. Shilling, Geoffrey B. Litchendorf, Trina Wood, Angela S. Schorr, Gregory S. Baird, Robin W. TI Near-Real-Time Acoustic Monitoring of Beaked Whales and Other Cetaceans Using a Seaglider (TM) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CUVIERS ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; CROSS-SEAMOUNT; KILLER WHALES; SITE FIDELITY; HAWAII; PATTERNS; MOVEMENTS; GLIDERS AB In most areas, estimating the presence and distribution of cryptic marine mammal species, such as beaked whales, is extremely difficult using traditional observational techniques such as ship-based visual line transect surveys. Because acoustic methods permit detection of animals underwater, at night, and in poor weather conditions, passive acoustic observation has been used increasingly often over the last decade to study marine mammal distribution, abundance, and movements, as well as for mitigation of potentially harmful anthropogenic effects. However, there is demand for new, cost-effective tools that allow scientists to monitor areas of interest autonomously with high temporal and spatial resolution in near-real time. Here we describe an autonomous underwater vehicle - a glider - equipped with an acoustic sensor and onboard data processing capabilities to passively scan an area for marine mammals in near-real time. The glider was tested extensively off the west coast of the Island of Hawai'i, USA. The instrument covered approximately 390 km during three weeks at sea and collected a total of 194 h of acoustic data. Detections of beaked whales were successfully reported to shore in near-real time. Manual analysis of the recorded data revealed a high number of vocalizations of delphinids and sperm whales. Furthermore, the glider collected vocalizations of unknown origin very similar to those made by known species of beaked whales. The instrument developed here can be used to cost-effectively screen areas of interest for marine mammals for several months at a time. The near-real-time detection and reporting capabilities of the glider can help to protect marine mammals during potentially harmful anthropogenic activities such as seismic exploration for sub-sea fossil fuels or naval sonar exercises. Furthermore, the glider is capable of under-ice operation, allowing investigation of otherwise inaccessible polar environments that are critical habitats for many endangered marine mammal species. C1 [Klinck, Holger; Mellinger, David K.; Klinck, Karolin] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bogue, Neil M.; Luby, James C.; Jump, William A.; Shilling, Geoffrey B.; Litchendorf, Trina; Wood, Angela S.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Schorr, Gregory S.; Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. RP Klinck, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Holger.Klinck@oregonstate.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, N00244-10-1-0047]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0309, N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387, N00014-08-1-1198]; U.S. Navy (N45) through the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA/SWFSC); Wild Whale Research Foundation (WWRF) FX This work was supported by Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) grants N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047, and Office of Naval Research (ONR) grants N00014-08-1-0309, N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387, and N00014-08-1-1198. Cascadia Research Collective satellite tagging work was supported by the U.S. Navy (N45) through the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA/SWFSC) and by the Wild Whale Research Foundation (WWRF). NPS: http://www.nps.edu ONR: http://www.onr.navy.mil N45: http://www.navy.mil/local/n45 NOAA/SWFSC: http://swfsc.noaa.gov WWRF: http://www.wildwhaleresearch.org. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 68 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 18 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36128 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036128 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959VG UT WOS:000305343500010 PM 22629309 ER PT J AU Levitus, S Antonov, JI Boyer, TP Baranova, OK Garcia, HE Locarnini, RA Mishonov, AV Reagan, JR Seidov, D Yarosh, ES Zweng, MM AF Levitus, S. Antonov, J. I. Boyer, T. P. Baranova, O. K. Garcia, H. E. Locarnini, R. A. Mishonov, A. V. Reagan, J. R. Seidov, D. Yarosh, E. S. Zweng, M. M. TI World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RISE AB We provide updated estimates of the change of ocean heat content and the thermosteric component of sea level change of the 0-700 and 0-2000 m layers of the World Ocean for 1955-2010. Our estimates are based on historical data not previously available, additional modern data, and bathythermograph data corrected for instrumental biases. We have also used Argo data corrected by the Argo DAC if available and used uncorrected Argo data if no corrections were available at the time we downloaded the Argo data. The heat content of the World Ocean for the 0-2000 m layer increased by 24.0 +/- 1.9 x 10(22) J (+/-2S.E.) corresponding to a rate of 0.39 W m(-2) (per unit area of the World Ocean) and a volume mean warming of 0.09 degrees C. This warming corresponds to a rate of 0.27 W m(-2) per unit area of earth's surface. The heat content of the World Ocean for the 0-700 m layer increased by 16.7 +/- 1.6 x 10(22) J corresponding to a rate of 0.27 W m(-2) (per unit area of the World Ocean) and a volume mean warming of 0.18 degrees C. The World Ocean accounts for approximately 93% of the warming of the earth system that has occurred since 1955. The 700-2000 m ocean layer accounted for approximately one-third of the warming of the 0-2000 m layer of the World Ocean. The thermosteric component of sea level trend was 0.54 +/- .05 mm yr(-1) for the 0-2000 m layer and 0.41 +/- .04 mm yr(-1) for the 0-700 m layer of the World Ocean for 1955-2010. Citation: Levitus, S., et al. (2012), World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10603, doi:10.1029/2012GL051106. C1 [Levitus, S.; Boyer, T. P.; Baranova, O. K.; Garcia, H. E.; Locarnini, R. A.; Mishonov, A. V.; Reagan, J. R.; Seidov, D.; Yarosh, E. S.; Zweng, M. M.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Antonov, J. I.] Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, UCAR Project, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Levitus, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, E OC5,1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sydney.levitus@noaa.gov OI Zweng, Melissa/0000-0002-1237-4750 FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office. We thank the scientists, technicians, data center staff, and data managers for their contributions of data to the IOC/IODE and ICSU/World Data Center system which has allowed us to compile the database used in this work. We also thank our colleagues at NODC for data processing work and our colleagues at the NODC Ocean Climate Laboratory for their work in constructing the World Ocean Database which made this work possible. We appreciate review of our manuscript by Charles Sun and anonymous reviewers. The Argo profiling float data used in this study were made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national initiatives that contribute to it (http://www.argo.net). Argo is a pilot programme of the Global Ocean Observing System. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 26 TC 242 Z9 253 U1 11 U2 161 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10603 DI 10.1029/2012GL051106 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945GS UT WOS:000304261700001 ER PT J AU Bailey, H Fossette, S Bograd, SJ Shillinger, GL Swithenbank, AM Georges, JY Gaspar, P Stromberg, KHP Paladino, FV Spotila, JR Block, BA Hays, GC AF Bailey, Helen Fossette, Sabrina Bograd, Steven J. Shillinger, George L. Swithenbank, Alan M. Georges, Jean-Yves Gaspar, Philippe Stromberg, K. H. Patrik Paladino, Frank V. Spotila, James R. Block, Barbara A. Hays, Graeme C. TI Movement Patterns for a Critically Endangered Species, the Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), Linked to Foraging Success and Population Status SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; MARINE PREDATOR; PACIFIC; ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR; OCEAN; HABITATS; CONSERVATION; LOGGERHEAD AB Foraging success for pelagic vertebrates may be revealed by horizontal and vertical movement patterns. We show markedly different patterns for leatherback turtles in the North Atlantic versus Eastern Pacific, which feed on gelatinous zooplankton that are only occasionally found in high densities. In the Atlantic, travel speed was characterized by two modes, indicative of high foraging success at low speeds (<15 km d(-1)) and transit at high speeds (20-45 km d(-1)). Only a single mode was evident in the Pacific, which occurred at speeds of 21 km d(-1) indicative of transit. The mean dive depth was more variable in relation to latitude but closer to the mean annual depth of the thermocline and nutricline for North Atlantic than Eastern Pacific turtles. The most parsimonious explanation for these findings is that Eastern Pacific turtles rarely achieve high foraging success. This is the first support for foraging behaviour differences between populations of this critically endangered species and suggests that longer periods searching for prey may be hindering population recovery in the Pacific while aiding population maintenance in the Atlantic. C1 [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Bailey, Helen; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Fossette, Sabrina; Hays, Graeme C.] Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Coll Sci, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Shillinger, George L.] Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA. [Shillinger, George L.; Swithenbank, Alan M.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Georges, Jean-Yves] Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. [Georges, Jean-Yves] CNRS, UMR7178, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. [Gaspar, Philippe] Collecte Localisat Satellites, Dept Marine Ecosyst, Satellite Oceanog Div, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Stromberg, K. H. Patrik] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bailey, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM hbailey@umces.edu RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; FU Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life; Lenfest Ocean Program; Cinco Hermanos Fund; European Union; 'Programme Amazonie' held by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Conservation of Migrating Species; WWF as part of the 'Trans-Atlantic Leatherback Conservation Initiative; AXA; NERC FX Support was provided by the Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life, the Lenfest Ocean Program, and the Cinco Hermanos Fund. Funding was also provided by the European Union FEDER Program, the 'Programme Amazonie' held by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and the Conservation of Migrating Species and the WWF as part of the 'Trans-Atlantic Leatherback Conservation Initiative. S.F. was supported by an AXA "Young Talents" post-doctoral fellowship, and grant funding was also provided to G.C.H. by NERC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 57 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 16 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 SI 1 AR e36401 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036401 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959UR UT WOS:000305341300016 PM 22615767 ER PT J AU Gierach, MM Lee, T Turk, D McPhaden, MJ AF Gierach, Michelle M. Lee, Tong Turk, Daniela McPhaden, Michael J. TI Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Nino events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE; ENSO; VARIABILITY; WINTER AB Changes in the physical environment associated with eastern Pacific (EP)-El Nino and central Pacific (CP)-El Nino events affect the biological response in the equatorial Pacific Ocean differently. However, such responses have not been adequately investigated, especially in terms of the relevant physical processes. This paper addresses the mechanistic differences in the biological response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the strongest CP- and EP-El Nino to date (i.e., 1997-98 EP-El Nino and 2009-10 CP-El Nino) using satellite data and water mass pathway analysis based on an ocean reanalysis product. The 1997-98 EP-El Nino was associated with a larger reduction of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) and the 2009-10 CP-El Nino was associated with a larger reduction of chl-a in the central equatorial Pacific (CEP). These biological responses were dependent on the strength and extent of westerly wind anomalies and their impact on horizontal and vertical processes. Horizontal advection was the primary contributor to differences in chl-a between the two El Nino events in the CEP, whereas vertical advection and mixing were the dominant processes in the EEP. Citation: Gierach, M. M., T. Lee, D. Turk, and M. J. McPhaden (2012), Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Nino events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10602, doi:10.1029/2012GL051103. C1 [Gierach, Michelle M.; Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Turk, Daniela] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Turk, Daniela] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gierach, MM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 300-323, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM michelle.gierach@jpl.nasa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI Gierach, Michelle/0000-0002-8161-4121 FU NASA; NOAA FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The authors would like to thank Peter Strutton and the reviewers for all their helpful comments and suggestions. MJM was supported by NOAA. PMEL contribution 3789. LDEO contribution 7542 and partial support from CERC in Ocean and Technology, Canada. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10602 DI 10.1029/2012GL051103 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945GQ UT WOS:000304261500001 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Mlawer, EJ Bianchini, G Cadeddu, MP Crewell, S Delamere, JS Knuteson, RO Maschwitz, G Mlynzcak, M Paine, S Palchetti, L Tobin, DC AF Turner, D. D. Mlawer, E. J. Bianchini, G. Cadeddu, M. P. Crewell, S. Delamere, J. S. Knuteson, R. O. Maschwitz, G. Mlynzcak, M. Paine, S. Palchetti, L. Tobin, D. C. TI Ground-based high spectral resolution observations of the entire terrestrial spectrum under extremely dry conditions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; WATER-VAPOR; RADIANCE; INSTRUMENT AB A field experiment was conducted in northern Chile at an altitude of 5.3 km to evaluate the accuracy of line-by-line radiative transfer models in regions of the spectrum that are typically opaque at sea level due to strong water vapor absorption. A suite of spectrally resolved radiance instruments collected simultaneous observations that, for the first time ever, spanned the entire terrestrial thermal spectrum (i.e., from 10 to 3000 cm(-1), or 1000 to 3.3 mu m). These radiance observations, together with collocated water vapor and temperature profiles, are used to provide an initial evaluation of the accuracy of water vapor absorption in the far-infrared of two line-by-line radiative transfer models. These initial results suggest that the more recent of the two models is more accurate in the strongly absorbing water vapor pure rotation band. This result supports the validity of the Turner et al. (2012) study that demonstrated that the use of the more recent water vapor absorption model in climate simulations resulted in significant radiative and dynamical changes in the simulation relative to the older water vapor model. Citation: Turner, D. D., et al. (2012), Ground-based high spectral resolution observations of the entire terrestrial spectrum under extremely dry conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10801, doi:10.1029/2012GL051542. C1 [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Mlawer, E. J.; Delamere, J. S.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Bianchini, G.; Palchetti, L.] CNR, Ist Fis Applicata Nello Carrara, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Cadeddu, M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Crewell, S.; Maschwitz, G.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. [Knuteson, R. O.; Tobin, D. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mlynzcak, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Paine, S.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov RI Crewell, Susanne/O-1640-2013; PALCHETTI, LUCA/O-1270-2015; OI Crewell, Susanne/0000-0003-1251-5805; PALCHETTI, LUCA/0000-0003-4022-8125; Paine, Scott/0000-0003-4622-5857 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; NASA; Italian National Research Council; Smithsonian Institution; German Science Foundation (DFG) FX The RHUBC-II campaign was organized as part of the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, which is sponsored by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. RHUBC-II was also supported in part by NASA, the Italian National Research Council, the Smithsonian Institution, and the German Science Foundation (DFG). We would like to thank the many scientists and engineers who helped make the collection of this dataset possible, including Alex Carrizo and operations staff at AstroNorte, Kim Nitschke, Jim Mather, Charles Brinkmann, Troy Culgan, Mike Ryzcek, Rich Cageao, Glenn Farnsworth, Mike Wojcik, Jason Swasey, Joe Lee, Erik Syrstad, Dave Johnson, Julio Marin, Arlette Chacon, Toufic Hawat, Huabai Li, Marcos Diaz, Francesco Castagnoli, Denny Hackel, Ray Garcia, Hank Revercomb, Rich Coulter, and Tim Wagner. Additional information on the RHUBC-II experiment can be found at http://acrf-campaign.arm.gov/rhubc/. RHUBC-II data are available from the ARM data archive as an IOP dataset at http://www.archive.arm.gov. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L10801 DI 10.1029/2012GL051542 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 945GQ UT WOS:000304261500003 ER PT J AU Robinson, PW Costa, DP Crocker, DE Gallo-Reynoso, JP Champagne, CD Fowler, MA Goetsch, C Goetz, KT Hassrick, JL Huckstadt, LA Kuhn, CE Maresh, JL Maxwell, SM McDonald, BI Peterson, SH Simmons, SE Teutschel, NM Villegas-Amtmann, S Yoda, K AF Robinson, Patrick W. Costa, Daniel P. Crocker, Daniel E. Pablo Gallo-Reynoso, Juan Champagne, Cory D. Fowler, Melinda A. Goetsch, Chandra Goetz, Kimberly T. Hassrick, Jason L. Hueckstaedt, Luis A. Kuhn, Carey E. Maresh, Jennifer L. Maxwell, Sara M. McDonald, Birgitte I. Peterson, Sarah H. Simmons, Samantha E. Teutschel, Nicole M. Villegas-Amtmann, Stella Yoda, Ken TI Foraging Behavior and Success of a Mesopelagic Predator in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Insights from a Data-Rich Species, the Northern Elephant Seal SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TOP PREDATOR; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; MARINE PREDATOR; DIVING BEHAVIOR; MIGRATION; TRACKING; HABITAT; CONSEQUENCES AB The mesopelagic zone of the northeast Pacific Ocean is an important foraging habitat for many predators, yet few studies have addressed the factors driving basin-scale predator distributions or inter-annual variability in foraging and breeding success. Understanding these processes is critical to reveal how conditions at sea cascade to population-level effects. To begin addressing these challenging questions, we collected diving, tracking, foraging success, and natality data for 297 adult female northern elephant seal migrations from 2004 to 2010. During the longer post-molting migration, individual energy gain rates were significant predictors of pregnancy. At sea, seals focused their foraging effort along a narrow band corresponding to the boundary between the sub-arctic and sub-tropical gyres. In contrast to shallow-diving predators, elephant seals target the gyre-gyre boundary throughout the year rather than follow the southward winter migration of surface features, such as the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front. We also assessed the impact of added transit costs by studying seals at a colony near the southern extent of the species' range, 1,150 km to the south. A much larger proportion of seals foraged locally, implying plasticity in foraging strategies and possibly prey type. While these findings are derived from a single species, the results may provide insight to the foraging patterns of many other meso-pelagic predators in the northeast Pacific Ocean. C1 [Robinson, Patrick W.; Costa, Daniel P.; Champagne, Cory D.; Fowler, Melinda A.; Goetsch, Chandra; Goetz, Kimberly T.; Hassrick, Jason L.; Hueckstaedt, Luis A.; Maresh, Jennifer L.; Maxwell, Sara M.; Peterson, Sarah H.; Teutschel, Nicole M.; Villegas-Amtmann, Stella] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Pablo Gallo-Reynoso, Juan] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo AC, Unidad Guaymas, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. [Kuhn, Carey E.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA USA. [McDonald, Birgitte I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Simmons, Samantha E.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. [Simmons, Samantha E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Yoda, Ken] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Robinson, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM robinson@biology.ucsc.edu OI Maxwell, Sara/0000-0002-4425-9378; Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-02-1-1012]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-00-10880, N00014-03-1-0651, N00014-08-1-1195, N00014-10-1-0356]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ANT-0838937]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean (NOAA); International Association of Oil and Gas Producers [JIP2207-23]; California Sea Grant program; University of California Natural Reserve System; Moore Foundation; Packard Foundation; Sloan Foundation; Ida Benson Lynn Endowed Chair in Ocean Health; Steve Blank; Myers Oceanographic Trust; Friends of the Long Marine Lab; Sooy Graduate Fellowship FX This research was conducted as part of the Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP) program and was supported in part by the National Ocean Partnership Program (N00014-02-1-1012); the Office of Naval Research (N00014-00-10880, N00014-03-1-0651, N00014-08-1-1195, and N00014-10-1-0356); the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs grant ANT-0838937; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean (NOAA) Exploration Program; the E&P Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Project of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (JIP2207-23); California Sea Grant program; NSF pre-doctoral fellowships to BM, CG, JH, and SM; the University of California Natural Reserve System Mildred E. Mathias Fellowship; the Moore, Packard, and Sloan Foundations; the Ida Benson Lynn Endowed Chair in Ocean Health; Steve Blank; The Myers Oceanographic Trust; Friends of the Long Marine Lab; and the Sooy Graduate Fellowship. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 67 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36728 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036728 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959TM UT WOS:000305336300031 PM 22615801 ER PT J AU Raven, PA Sakhrani, D Beckman, B Neregard, L Sundstrom, LF Bjornsson, BT Devlin, RH AF Raven, P. A. Sakhrani, D. Beckman, B. Neregard, L. Sundstroem, L. F. Bjornsson, B. Th Devlin, R. H. TI Growth and endocrine effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone treatment in non-transgenic and growth hormone transgenic coho salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Growth hormone; GH; Transgenic; IGF-1; Coho salmon ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BODY-COMPOSITION; IGF-I; ATLANTIC SALMON; MESSENGER-RNA; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; PLACENTAL-LACTOGEN; HEPATIC RECEPTOR; CHANNEL CATFISH AB To examine the relative growth, endocrine, and gene expression effects of growth hormone (GH) transgenesis vs. GH protein treatment, wild-type non-transgenic and GH transgenic coho salmon were treated with a sustained-release formulation of recombinant bovine GH (bGH; Posilac(TM)). Fish size, specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (CF) were monitored for 14 weeks, after which endocrine parameters were measured. Transgenic fish had much higher growth, SGR and CF than non-transgenic fish, and bGH injection significantly increased weight and SGR in non-transgenic but not transgenic fish. Plasma salmon GH concentrations decreased with bGH treatment in non-transgenic but not in transgenic fish where levels were similar to controls. Higher GH mRNA levels were detected in transgenic muscle and liver but no differences were observed in GH receptor (GHR) mRNA levels. In non-transgenic pituitary. GH and GHR mRNA levels per mg pituitary decreased with bGH dose to levels seen in transgenic salmon. Plasma IGF-I was elevated with bGH dose only in non-transgenic fish, while transgenic fish maintained an elevated level of IGF-I with or without bGH treatment. A similar trend was seen for liver IGF-I mRNA levels. Thus, bGH treatment increased fish growth and influenced feedback on endocrine parameters in non-transgenic but not in transgenic fish. A lack of further growth stimulation of GH transgenic fish suggests that these fish are experiencing maximal growth stimulation via GH pathways. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Raven, P. A.; Sakhrani, D.; Sundstroem, L. F.; Devlin, R. H.] Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. [Beckman, B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Neregard, L.; Bjornsson, B. Th] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. EM Robert.Devlin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca OI Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur/0000-0002-1310-9756; Sundstrom, Fredrik/0000-0002-3157-7289 FU Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology FX The authors wish to thank Kathy Cooper for performing the plasma GH assays. Funding to RHD from the Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology is gratefully acknowledged. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.03.002 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 948OC UT WOS:000304511500018 PM 22433940 ER PT J AU Afonso, PV Janka-Junttila, M Lee, YJ McCann, CP Oliver, CM Aamer, KA Losert, W Cicerone, MT Parent, CA AF Afonso, Philippe V. Janka-Junttila, Mirkka Lee, Young Jong McCann, Colin P. Oliver, Charlotte M. Aamer, Khaled A. Losert, Wolfgang Cicerone, Marcus T. Parent, Carole A. TI LTB4 Is a Signal-Relay Molecule during Neutrophil Chemotaxis SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL LA English DT Article ID INFL AMMATORY ARTHRITIS; LEUKOTRIENE B-4; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; MIGRATION; RECEPTORS; 5-LIPOXYGENASE; ACTIVATION; FMLP; ADHESION AB Neutrophil recruitment to inflammation sites purportedly depends on sequential waves of chemoattractants. Current models propose that leukotriene B-4 (LTB4), a secondary chemoattractant secreted by neutrophils in response to primary chemoattractants such as formyl peptides, is important in initiating the inflammation process. In this study we demonstrate that LTB4 plays a central role in neutrophil activation and migration to formyl peptides. We show that LTB4 production dramatically amplifies formyl peptide-mediated neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis by regulating specific signaling pathways acting upstream of actin polymerization and Myoll phosphorylation. Importantly, by analyzing the migration of neutrophils isolated from wildtype mice and mice lacking the formyl peptide receptor 1, we demonstrate that LTB4 acts as a signal to relay information from cell to cell over long distances. Together, our findings imply that LTB4 is a signal-relay molecule that exquisitely regulates neutrophil chemotaxis to formyl peptides, which are produced at the core of inflammation sites. C1 [Afonso, Philippe V.; Janka-Junttila, Mirkka; McCann, Colin P.; Oliver, Charlotte M.; Parent, Carole A.] NCI, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lee, Young Jong; Aamer, Khaled A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCann, Colin P.; Losert, Wolfgang] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Parent, CA (reprint author), NCI, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bldg 37, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM parentc@mail.nih.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; Afonso, Philippe/D-2234-2014 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Afonso, Philippe/0000-0002-4828-3797 FU Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health Center for Cancer Research FX We thank Amy Melpolder and the NIH Blood Bank for providing human blood from healthy volunteers. We are grateful to Dr. Philip Murphy for providing fpr1-/- mice and, in particular, to Dr. Jiliang Gao for his help with the mice. We wish to thank Drs. Ronald Germain and Tim Lammermann for providing the blt1-/- mice. We also thank the C.A.P. laboratory members for excellent discussions and suggestions and for valuable input on the manuscript. W.L. participated in this work while on sabbatical at the LCMB, CCR. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 67 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1534-5807 J9 DEV CELL JI Dev. Cell PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1091 DI 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.02.003 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 945QS UT WOS:000304291700019 PM 22542839 ER PT J AU Alishaev, MG Abdulagatov, IM Abdulagatova, ZZ AF Alishaev, M. G. Abdulagatov, I. M. Abdulagatova, Z. Z. TI Effective thermal conductivity of fluid-saturated rocks Experiment and modeling SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Density; Heat capacity; Heat transfer; Porous rocks; Thermal conductivity; Sandstone ID HEAT-FLOW; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; CRYSTALLINE QUARTZ; HIGH-PRESSURES; POROUS-MEDIA; FUSED QUARTZ; DEPENDENCE; MANTLE; CAPACITY; BASIN AB Effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of dry, gas-, oil-, and water-saturated rocks with various porosities has been measured over a temperature range from 273 K to 523 K at atmospheric pressure with a steady-state guarded parallel-plate apparatus. The expanded uncertainty of thermal conductivity and temperature measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 were estimated to be 4% and 30 mK, respectively. This uncertainty in ETC measurement does not include the uncertainty due to contact thermal resistance and radiative conductivity. The temperature coefficients, (partial derivative ln lambda/partial derivative T)(P), for fluid-saturated rocks were calculated by using the measured ETC. We interpreted measured ETC data for fluid-saturated rocks using various theoretical models in order to check their accuracy, predictive capability, and applicability. The effect of saturating fluids, structure (size, shape, and distribution of the pores), porosity, and mineralogical composition on temperature and porosity dependences of the ETC of fluid-saturated rocks was discussed. A new simple equation for ETC of fluid-saturated rocks which takes into account structure of porous media has been proposed. Using the Hofmiester model and measured thermal conductivities of dry rock materials, the values of thermodynamic properties (density, thermal expansion coefficient, enthalpy, and heat capacity) were predicted. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alishaev, M. G.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Abdulagatova, Z. Z.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 79 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 135 BP 24 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.03.001 PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 945QA UT WOS:000304289900003 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Seidel, DJ Free, M AF Wang, James S. Seidel, Dian J. Free, Melissa TI How well do we know recent climate trends at the tropical tropopause? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; RADIOSONDE TEMPERATURE DATA; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; TIME-SERIES; TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; DECADAL CHANGES; DEHYDRATION; RECORDS; HEIGHT; ROBUST AB The tropical tropopause is a transition layer between the troposphere and stratosphere that influences global climate and atmospheric chemistry. Several studies have reported multidecadal tropical tropopause cooling and have suggested a correlation between observed tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor. Our more rigorous examination of the observations shows tropopause trends have greater uncertainty than previously suggested and the cooling may not be statistically significant. We used two approaches to remove time-varying bias effects from cold-point tropopause trends estimated from radiosonde observations. Our results are consistent with expectations from a conceptual model of tropopause changes and could resolve discrepancies between complex climate models and observations. C1 [Wang, James S.; Seidel, Dian J.; Free, Melissa] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21228 USA. EM james.wang@stanfordalumni.org FU NOAA Air Resources Laboratory through a National Research Council Research Associateship FX J.S.W. was supported by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory through a National Research Council Research Associateship. We thank Yehui (Ally) Zhang for computer code; Elizabeth Jung for helping carry out the initial stages of the project; Leo Haimberger for providing RICH data; and Julian Wang, John Kochendorfer, Bill Randel, Leo Haimberger, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D09118 DI 10.1029/2012JD017444 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 945FY UT WOS:000304259700003 ER PT J AU Wilson, RM Kucklick, JR Balmer, BC Wells, RS Chanton, JP Nowacek, DP AF Wilson, Rachel Marie Kucklick, John R. Balmer, Brian C. Wells, Randall S. Chanton, Jeffrey P. Nowacek, Douglas P. TI Spatial distribution of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inferred from stable isotopes and priority organic pollutants SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); Priority organic pollutant; Stable isotope analysis; Florida Gulf Coast ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PACIFIC KILLER WHALES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; COASTAL WATERSHEDS; TROPHIC POSITION; ATLANTIC COAST; SARASOTA BAY; FLORIDA; ESTUARIES AB Differences in priority organic pollutants (POPs), analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and stable isotope ratios (delta C-13, delta S-34, and delta N-15; analyzed by isotope ratio-mass spectrometry), divide 77 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Florida Gulf Coast into three distinct groups. POP levels reflect human population and historical contamination along the coast. In the least disturbed site, concentrations of Sigma POP in male dolphins were 18,000 ng g(-1) +/- 6000 (95% confidence interval here and throughout); in the intermediate bay, males had Sigma POP concentrations of 19,000 ng g(-1) +/- 10,000. St Andrews Bay was home to dolphins with the highest Sigma POP concentrations: 44,000 ng g(-1) +/- 10,300. delta S-34 and delta N-15, differed significantly between St. George Sound dolphins and those frequenting each of the other two bays, but not between St. Andrews and St. Joseph Bays. IPOP concentrations were statistically higher in dolphins frequenting St. Andrews Bay, but were not significantly different between dolphins occupying St. Joseph Bay and St. George Sound. Thus, using either POP or isotope values alone, we would only be able to identify two dolphin groups, but when POP and isotope data are viewed cumulatively, the results clearly define three distinct communities occupying this region. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, Rachel Marie; Chanton, Jeffrey P.] Florida State Univ, Dept EOAS Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Pratt Sch Engn, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Wilson, RM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept EOAS Oceanog, 117 N Woodward Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM ryounge@ocean.fsu.edu RI Wilson, Rachel /F-2723-2013 FU Harbor Branch Protect Wild Dolphins Project; Chicago Zoological Society; NOAA Fisheries; The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration via the Northern Gulf Institute; The Florida State University Graduate School FX Funding for sample collection was provided by the Harbor Branch Protect Wild Dolphins Project, the Chicago Zoological Society, and NOAA Fisheries. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration via the Northern Gulf Institute funded data analysis. The Florida State University Graduate School provided support to RMW via a University Fellowship. No funding agency was involved in study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the report or the decision to submit for publication. J. Yordy provided analytical assistance as well as a thoughtful review of the manuscript that contributed significantly to the quality of the final product. The authors wish to extend a special thank you to A. Guichard and D. Zdankiewicz Ellisor, for analytical assistance and to R. Tyson for creating the map. Three anonymous reviewers contributed significantly to the clarity of this manuscript. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 425 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.030 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944OR UT WOS:000304214200026 PM 22464275 ER PT J AU Gomez-Gutierrez, J Struder-Kypke, MC Lynn, DH Shaw, TC Aguilar-Mendez, MJ Lopez-Cortes, A Martinez-Gomez, S Robinson, CJ AF Gomez-Gutierrez, J. Strueder-Kypke, M. C. Lynn, D. H. Shaw, T. C. Aguilar-Mendez, M. J. Lopez-Cortes, A. Martinez-Gomez, S. Robinson, C. J. TI Pseudocollinia brintoni gen. nov., sp nov (Apostomatida: Colliniidae), a parasitoid ciliate infecting the euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Euphausiids; Ciliates; Apostomatidae; Collinia; cox1; SSU rRNA; Mexico ID MARINE SNOW; N-SP; GYMNODINIOIDES-PACIFICA; PROTOZOAN CILIOPHORA; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC; HYALOPHYSA-CHATTONI; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; FINE-STRUCTURE; WEST-COAST AB A novel parasitoid ciliate, Pseudocollinia brintoni gen. nov., sp. nov. was discovered infecting the subtropical sac-spawning euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex off both coasts of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. We used microscopic, and genetic information to describe this species throughout most of its life cycle. Pseudocollinia is distinguished from other Colliniidae genera because it exclusively infects euphausiids, has a polymorphic life cycle, and has a small cone-shaped oral cavity whose left wall has a field of ciliated kinetosomes and whose opening is surrounded on the left and right by 2 'oral' kineties (or ciliary rows) that terminate at its anterior border. Two related species that infect different euphausiid species from higher latitudes in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, Collinia beringensis Capriulo and Small, 1986, briefly redescribed herein, and Collinia oregonensis Gomez-Gutierrez, Peterson, and Morado, 2006, are transferred to the genus Pseudocollinia. P. brintoni has between 12 and 18 somatic kineties, and its oral cavity has only 2 oral kineties, while P. beringensis comb. nov. has more somatic kineties, including 3 oral kineties. P. oregonensis comb. nov. has an intermediate number of somatic kineties. P. beringensis comb. nov. also infects Thysanoessa raschi (a new host species). SSU rRNA and cox1 gene sequences demonstrated that Pseudocollinia ciliates are apostome ciliates and that P. brintoni is different from P. beringensis comb. nov. High densities of rod-shaped bacteria (1.7 mu m length, 0.2 to 0.5 mu m diameter) were associated with P. brintoni. After euphausiid rupture, high concentrations of P. brintoni and bacteria cluster to form 3 to 6 cm long filaments where tomites encyst and transform to the phoront stage; this is a novel place for encystation. P. brintoni may complete its life cycle when the euphausiids feed on these filaments. C1 [Gomez-Gutierrez, J.; Martinez-Gomez, S.] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, La Paz 23096, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Strueder-Kypke, M. C.; Lynn, D. H.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Shaw, T. C.] Cooperat Inst Marine Resources, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Shaw, T. C.] NOAA, NMFS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Aguilar-Mendez, M. J.; Lopez-Cortes, A.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste CIBNOR, La Paz 23090, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Robinson, C. J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Lab Ecol Pesquerias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Gomez-Gutierrez, J (reprint author), Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, Av IPN S-N,AP 592, La Paz 23096, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. EM jagomezg@ipn.mx FU Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas from Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN-CGPI); SAGARPA-CONACyT [S007-2005-1-11717]; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [PAPIIT IN219502, IN210622]; NSERC Canada; CIBNOR [PC4.2]; SEP-CONACYT [45914/A-1]; SNI; COFAA-IPN; EDI-IPN; [CONACyT-2004-C01-00144] FX J.G.G. dedicates this publication to Professor E. Brinton for his invaluable friendship, guidance, and mentoring from 1990 until his death. Professor Brinton maintained an excellent quality in euphausiid investigations worldwide, and he was an outstanding example of endurance, a kind person, and a dearest friend. We will never forget his words, "We will never fully understand the variability of life in the oceans. But please don't fault us for trying". We thank A. Arturo Cruz-Villacorta (CIBNOR, Mexico) for his SEM assistance. We are in debt to the RV 'El Puma' crew (UNAM) for their co-operation at sea. We are grateful to D. Tikhonenkov for translations of Russian research. This research was partially supported by the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas from Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN-CGPI 2004-2011), CONACyT-2004-C01-00144, SAGARPA-CONACyT S007-2005-1-11717, and the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (PAPIIT IN219502 and IN210622). M. C. S. K. and D. H. L. were supported by a NSERC Canada Discovery Grant. M.J.A.M. and A. L. C. were supported by CIBNOR PC4.2, SEP-CONACYT 45914/A-1 grants. J.G.G., A. L. C., and C.J.R. are supported by an SNI fellowship, and J.G.G. was supported by COFAA-IPN and EDI-IPN grants. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 99 IS 1 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.3354/dao02450 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 942MU UT WOS:000304049000007 PM 22585303 ER PT J AU Day, RD Roseneau, DG Berail, S Hobson, KA Donard, OFX Vander Pol, SS Pugh, RS Moors, AJ Long, SE Beckert, PR AF Day, Rusty D. Roseneau, David G. Berail, Sylvain Hobson, Keith A. Donard, Olivier F. X. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Pugh, Rebecca S. Moors, Amanda J. Long, Stephen E. Beckert, Paul R. TI Mercury Stable Isotopes in Seabird Eggs Reflect a Gradient from Terrestrial Geogenic to Oceanic Mercury Reservoirs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-CARBON INPUTS; SEA-ICE; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; NORTON SOUND; YUKON RIVER; BERING-SEA; HG; METHYLMERCURY; FRACTIONATION AB Elevated mercury concentrations ([Hg]) were found in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs from the coastal embayment of Norton Sound relative to insular colonies in the northern Bering Sea-Bering Strait region. Stable isotopes of Hg, carbon, and nitrogen were measured in the eggs to investigate the source of this enrichment. Lower (delta C-13 values in Norton Sound eggs (-23.3 parts per thousand to -20.0 parts per thousand) relative to eggs from more oceanic colonies (-20.9 parts per thousand to 18.7 parts per thousand) indicated that a significant terrestrial carbon source was associated with the elevated [Hg] in Norton Sound, implicating the Yukon River and smaller Seward Peninsula watersheds as the likely Hg source. The increasing [Hg] gradient extending inshore was accompanied by strong decreasing gradients of delta Hg-202 and.Delta Hg-199 in eggs, indicating lower degrees of mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent Hg fractionation (MIF) (respectively) in the Norton Sound food web. Negative or zero MDF and MIF signatures are typical of geological Hg sources, which suggests murres in Norton Sound integrated Hg from a more recent geological origin that has experienced a relatively limited extent of aquatic fractionation relative to more oceanic colonies. The association of low delta Hg-202 and Delta Hg-199 with elevated [Hg] and suggested that Hg stable isotopes in murre eggs effectively differentiated terrestrial/geogenic Hg sources from oceanic reservoirs. terrestrial delta C-13 values C1 [Day, Rusty D.; Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Moors, Amanda J.; Beckert, Paul R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Roseneau, David G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Day, Rusty D.; Berail, Sylvain; Donard, Olivier F. X.] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Rech Environm & Mat, Equipe Chim Analyt BioInorgan & Environm, CNRS UMR 5254, F-64053 Pau, France. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM russell.day@nist.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [0822-322]; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge FX We thank Eric (Bill) Trigg, Special Projects Assistant, Kawerak Inc., Nome, for coordinating the Norton Sound - Bering Strait egg collecting efforts, and receiving, storing, and shipping the eggs to Homer. We also thank the following people for collecting the murre and gull eggs during the 2008-2009 nesting seasons: Archie Adam (Brevig Mission), Arthur Ahkinga (Diomede), Austin Ahmasuk (Nome), Jack Fager-strom (Golovin), Andrew Foxie Sr. (Stebbins), Dylan Iya (Savoonga), Clyde Jackson (Shaktoolik), Dwayne Johnson Sr. (Unalakleet), Elijah Lane (Point Hope), Eric Larsen (Nome), Nick Lekanof (St. George), Peter Lekanof (St. George), Gary Merculief (St. George), Leslie Slater (AMNWR Homer), Stanley Tocktoo (Shishmaref), Greg Thomson (AMNWR Homer), and Lily Tuzroyluke (Point Hope). This study was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Publication No. 0822-322) and the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge provided additional support for the work. Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment or instruments are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedures. Such identification does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the equipment or instruments are the best available for the purpose. Thank you to John Warzybok for the photograph of the murre with egg. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 10 BP 5327 EP 5335 DI 10.1021/es2047156 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941LM UT WOS:000303964700013 PM 22519440 ER PT J AU Juranek, LW Quay, PD Feely, RA Lockwood, D Karl, DM Church, MJ AF Juranek, L. W. Quay, P. D. Feely, R. A. Lockwood, D. Karl, D. M. Church, M. J. TI Biological production in the NE Pacific and its influence on air-sea CO2 flux: Evidence from dissolved oxygen isotopes and O-2/Ar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; NOTE CONSISTENT CALCULATION; AQUATIC GROSS PRODUCTION; INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; NORTH PACIFIC; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; OPEN-OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS AB We determine rates of gross photosynthetic O-2 production (GOP) and net community O-2 production (NCP) using the triple oxygen isotope and O-2/Ar approach on two spring and two late summer meridional transects of the NE Pacific. Observed GOP and NCP in the subtropical (89 +/- 9 and 8.3 +/- 1.3 mmol O-2 m(-2) d(-1), respectively) and subarctic (193 +/- 16 and 16.3 +/- 3.8 mmol O-2 m(-2) d(-1)) were in agreement with rates previously determined at time series stations in each region, validating the regional representativeness of these sites. At the transition zone chlorophyll front (TZCF), which migrates seasonally from 32 degrees N in spring to 40 degrees N in summer, GOP and NCP were elevated by 2-4x compared to adjacent areas. Coincident with the TZCF, increases in surface nitrate concentration and extensive changes in phytoplankton community composition were observed. HPLC pigment data indicated substantial increases in a prymnesiophyte (e. g., coccolithophore) biomarker at the TZCF on a spring and summer cruise, and a diatom biomarker on the spring cruise. Increases in remotely sensed surface particulate inorganic carbon concentration were also observed at the TZCF on all four cruises, indicating that coccolithophore production may contribute to increased productivity at the TZCF. Meridional trends in observed air-sea CO2 flux on each cruise resembled those of the biologically induced CO2 flux (NCP), but with an overprinting of the response of air-sea CO2 exchange to summer warming. A simple carbon budget based on regional CO2 flux climatology demonstrates the importance of NCP for net annual air-sea CO2 uptake, although slow air-sea equilibration and seasonal solubility effects obscure this term. C1 [Juranek, L. W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Juranek, L. W.; Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Quay, P. D.; Lockwood, D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Karl, D. M.; Church, M. J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Juranek, LW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM laurie.juranek@noaa.gov FU NASA ESS; NOAA GCC [NA10OAR4310090]; National Science Foundation [EF-0424599]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, NA10OAR4320148]; NOAA PMEL FX The authors thank the many scientists and ships' crew who supported this work with collection and processing of ancillary chemical, biological, and hydrographic data in the field. D. Wilbur, J. Stutsman, and M. Haught provided invaluable help with the isotopic analyses. We also thank the NASA Ocean Color Working Group for making gridded estimates of remotely sensed chl and PIC freely available. This work was supported by a NASA ESS Graduate Fellowship and NOAA GCC NA10OAR4310090 (LWJ) and was funded in part by National Science Foundation grant EF-0424599 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (DMK). This work was also partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreements NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148, contribution 1878, and NOAA PMEL contribution 3726. NR 99 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C05022 DI 10.1029/2011JC007450 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 945CO UT WOS:000304250600001 ER PT J AU Lauw, Y Horne, MD Rodopoulos, T Lockett, V Akgun, B Hamilton, WA Nelson, ARJ AF Lauw, Yansen Horne, Michael D. Rodopoulos, Theo Lockett, Vera Akgun, Bulent Hamilton, William A. Nelson, Andrew R. J. TI Structure of [C(4)mpyr][NTf2] Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid at Charged Gold Interfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; DIFFERENTIAL CAPACITANCE; RAY REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER AB The structure of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C(4)mpyr][NTf2]) room-temperature ionic liquid at an electrified gold interface was studied using neutron reflectometry, cyclic voltammetry, and differential capacitance measurements. Subtle differences were observed between the reflectivity data collected on a gold electrode at three different applied potentials. Detailed analysis of the fitted reflectivity data reveals an excess of [C(4)mpyr] at the interface, with the amount decreasing at increasingly positive potentials. A cation rich interface was found even at a positively charged electrode, which indicates a nonelectrostatic (specific) adsorption of [C(4)mpyr] onto the gold electrode. C1 [Lauw, Yansen; Hamilton, William A.; Nelson, Andrew R. J.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Lauw, Yansen; Horne, Michael D.; Rodopoulos, Theo] CSIRO Proc Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. [Lockett, Vera] Univ S Australia, Ian Wark Res Inst, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Akgun, Bulent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nelson, ARJ (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. EM Andrew.Nelson@ansto.gov.au RI Nelson, Andrew/C-2545-2012; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Horne, Mike/A-9586-2011 OI Nelson, Andrew/0000-0002-4548-3558; Horne, Mike/0000-0002-0218-7249 FU CSIRO; ANSTO; NIST; Australian Government [08/09-N-22] FX We thank Dr. B. Follink, Dr. G.A. Snook, Dr. NAS Webster (CSIRO); Dr. R. Knott (ANSTO); Dr. N. Maliszewskyj and Dr. A. Jackson (NIST) for their support in this work. Y. Lauw would like to acknowledge financial support from the Access to Major Research Facilities Programme (ref 08/09-N-22), which is a component of the International Science Linkages Programme established under the Australian Government's innovation statement, "Backing Australia's Ability". Some preliminary NR measurements were conducted at the NIST Center for Neutron Research using the NG7 reflectometer, under Proposal Number R23-13. The main NR data were collected using Platypus instrument at ANSTO, under Proposal ID P1071 and IC831. NR 63 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 19 BP 7374 EP 7381 DI 10.1021/la3005757 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 941ND UT WOS:000303969000008 PM 22515304 ER PT J AU Rubbo, CP Satija, II Reinhardt, WP Balakrishnan, R Rey, AM Manmana, SR AF Rubbo, Chester P. Satija, Indubala I. Reinhardt, William P. Balakrishnan, Radha Rey, Ana Maria Manmana, Salvatore R. TI Quantum dynamics of solitons in strongly interacting systems on optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FIELD-INDUCED GAP; DIMENSIONAL S=1/2 ANTIFERROMAGNET; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; MANY-BODY SYSTEMS; CU BENZOATE; RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS; SUPERFLUID HE-4; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DARK SOLITONS; SPIN CHAIN AB Mean-field dynamics of strongly interacting bosons described by hard-core bosons with nearest-neighbor attraction has been shown to support two species of solitons: one of Gross-Pitaevskii type (GP type) where the condensate fraction remains dark, and a non-Gross-Pitaevskii type (non-GP type) characterized by brightening of the condensate fraction. Here we study the effects of quantum fluctuations on these solitons using the adaptive time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method, which takes into account the effect of strong correlations. We use local observables as the density, condensate density, and correlation functions as well as the entanglement entropy to characterize the stability of the initial states. We find both species of solitons to be stable under quantum evolution for a finite duration, their tolerance to quantum fluctuations being enhanced as the width of the soliton increases. We describe possible experimental realizations in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, polarized degenerate Fermi gases, and in systems of polar molecules on optical lattices. C1 [Rubbo, Chester P.; Rey, Ana Maria; Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, JILA NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rubbo, Chester P.; Rey, Ana Maria; Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.; Reinhardt, William P.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.; Reinhardt, William P.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reinhardt, William P.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balakrishnan, Radha] Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Rubbo, CP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576 FU ONR [N00014-09-1-1025A]; NIST [70NANB7H6138 Am 001]; NSF [PHYS 07-03278, PFC, PIF-0904017, DMR-0955707]; AFOSR; ARO (DARPA-OLE); Department of Science and Technology, India FX We acknowledge financial support by ONR Grant No. N00014-09-1-1025A, Grant No. 70NANB7H6138 Am 001 by NIST, by NSF (PHYS 07-03278, PFC, PIF-0904017, and DMR-0955707), the AFOSR, and the ARO (DARPA-OLE). R. B. thanks the Department of Science and Technology, India, for financial support. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 5 AR 053617 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.053617 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 942SX UT WOS:000304068400008 ER PT J AU Li, Q Hoogeboom-Pot, K Nardi, D Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Siemens, ME Anderson, EH Hellwig, O Dobisz, E Gurney, B Yang, RG Nelson, KA AF Li, Qing Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen Nardi, Damiano Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Siemens, Mark E. Anderson, Erik H. Hellwig, Olav Dobisz, Elizabeth Gurney, Bruce Yang, Ronggui Nelson, Keith A. TI Generation and control of ultrashort-wavelength two-dimensional surface acoustic waves at nanoscale interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB In this work, we generate and probe the shortest wavelength surface acoustic waves to date, at 45 nm, by diffracting coherent extreme ultraviolet beams from a suboptical phononic crystal. The short acoustic wavelengths correspond to penetration depths of approximately 10 nm. We also measure the acoustic dispersion in two-dimensional nanostructured phononic crystals down to this wavelength for the first time, showing that it is strongly influenced by the ultrashort acoustic penetration depth, and that advanced finite-element analysis is required to model the dispersion. Finally, we use pulse sequences to control surface acoustic wave generation in one-dimensional nanostructured gratings, to preferentially enhance higher-order surface waves, while suppressing lower frequency waves. This allows us to reduce the generated surface acoustic wavelength by a factor of two for a defined nanostructure period. C1 [Li, Qing; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Qing; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Qing; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Siemens, Mark E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO USA. [Anderson, Erik H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hellwig, Olav; Dobisz, Elizabeth; Gurney, Bruce] HGST, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA USA. [Yang, Ronggui] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nelson, Keith A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Yang, Ronggui/H-1278-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF Engineering Research Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology; NSF FX We thank Alex Maznev for valuable discussions. The JILA group acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the NSF Engineering Research Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology. R.Y. acknowledges his CAREER Award from NSF. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 19 AR 195431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.195431 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942WI UT WOS:000304081600007 ER PT J AU Turner, DB Wen, P Arias, DH Nelson, KA Li, HB Moody, G Siemens, ME Cundiff, ST AF Turner, Daniel B. Wen, Patrick Arias, Dylan H. Nelson, Keith A. Li, Hebin Moody, Galan Siemens, Mark E. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Persistent exciton-type many-body interactions in GaAs quantum wells measured using two-dimensional optical spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENT SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; POLARIZATION; PHASE; EMISSION; BEATS; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; ENERGY AB Studies have shown that many-body interactions among semiconductor excitons can produce distinct features in two-dimensional optical spectra. However, to the best of our knowledge, the dynamics of many-body interactions have not been measured in two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy studies. Here we measure 2D spectra of GaAs quantum wells at many different "waiting" times and study the time dependence of the spectral features. Characteristic signatures of exciton polarization correlations manifest in the diagonal peaks decay at the exciton dephasing rate, consistent with theoretical predictions. Other many-body interactions manifest in off-diagonal features decay much more slowly. These persistent off-diagonal features must be due to many-body interactions involving exciton populations, and their persistence cannot be predicted by theoretical descriptions restricted to the coherent limit. C1 [Turner, Daniel B.; Wen, Patrick; Arias, Dylan H.; Nelson, Keith A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Siemens, Mark E.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Siemens, Mark E.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Turner, DB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. EM kanelson@mit.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 FU NDSEG; NSF [CHE-0616939, CHE-1111557]; DOE BES-EFRC [DE-SC0001088]; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy FX D.B. T. was financially supported by NDSEG and NSF. P. W. was supported as part of the DOE BES-EFRC Award No. DE-SC0001088. The work at MIT was supported in part by NSF Grants No. CHE-0616939 and No. CHE-1111557. The work at JILA was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy and the NSF. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 20 AR 201303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.201303 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942WN UT WOS:000304082100002 ER PT J AU Gaowei, M Muller, EM Rumaiz, AK Weiland, C Cockayne, E Jordan-Sweet, J Smedley, J Woicik, JC AF Gaowei, M. Muller, E. M. Rumaiz, A. K. Weiland, C. Cockayne, E. Jordan-Sweet, J. Smedley, J. Woicik, J. C. TI Annealing dependence of diamond-metal Schottky barrier heights probed by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; RADIATION DETECTORS; CARBON FILMS; SURFACES; TRANSMISSION; COMPONENTS; GRAPHITE; BEAMLINE AB Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied to investigate the diamond-metal Schottky barrier heights for several metals and diamond surface terminations. The position of the diamond valence-band maximum was determined by theoretically calculating the diamond density of states and applying cross section corrections. The diamond-platinum Schottky barrier height was lowered by 0.2 eV after thermal annealing, indicating annealing may increase carrier injection in diamond devices leading to photoconductive gain. The platinum contacts on oxygen-terminated diamond was found to provide a higher Schottky barrier and therefore a better blocking contact than that of the silver contact in diamond-based electronic devices. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4718028] C1 [Gaowei, M.; Muller, E. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rumaiz, A. K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Weiland, C.; Cockayne, E.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jordan-Sweet, J.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Smedley, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gaowei, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM smedley@bnl.gov RI Muller, Erik/A-9790-2008; Rumaiz, Abdul/J-5084-2012; Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy [KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013, DE-FG02-12ER41837] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source and Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Grants KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013 and DE-FG02-12ER41837. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 20 AR 201606 DI 10.1063/1.4718028 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 945HZ UT WOS:000304265000021 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Porsev, SG Kozlov, MG Clark, CW AF Safronova, M. S. Porsev, S. G. Kozlov, M. G. Clark, Charles W. TI Polarizabilities of Si2+: A benchmark test of theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PRECISION CALCULATIONS; CONSTANTS; BARIUM; CLOCKS; ATOMS AB We have calculated electric dipole polarizabilities of the 3s(2) S-1(0), 3s3p P-3(0), and 3s3p P-1(1) states of the Si2+ ion using the recently developed configuration interaction + all-order method. A detailed evaluation of the uncertainties of the final results is carried out. Our value for the ground-state electric dipole polarizability 11.670(13) a.u. is in excellent agreement with the resonant excitation Stark ionization spectroscopy value 11.669(9) a.u. [Komara et al., J. Phys. B 38, 87 (2005); Mitroy, Phys. Rev. A 78, 052515 (2008)]. This paper represents a benchmark test of theory and experiment in divalent atoms. The near cancellation of the ns(2) S-1(0) ground state and the lowest nsnp P-3(0) polarizabilities previously observed in B+, Al+, In+, Tl+, and Pb2+ is also found in the Si2+ ion. C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.; Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg 188300, Russia. [Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrotechn Univ LETI, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553; Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671]; US NSF [PHY-1068699, PHY-0758088]; RFBR [11-02-00943] FX We thank J. Mitroy for bringing our attention to this problem. This research was performed, in part, under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671. The work of S. G. P. was supported, in part, by US NSF Grants No. PHY-1068699 and No. PHY-0758088. The work of M. G. K. was supported, in part, by RFBR Grant No. 11-02-00943. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY 14 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 5 AR 052506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.052506 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 942SW UT WOS:000304068300004 ER PT J AU Matsuo, T Fedrizzi, M Fuller-Rowell, TJ Codrescu, MV AF Matsuo, Tomoko Fedrizzi, Mariangel Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J. Codrescu, Mihail V. TI Data assimilation of thermospheric mass density SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ELECTRODYNAMICS; CHAMP; VARIABILITY; REGION AB \Accurate modeling of thermospheric mass density variation is of foremost importance to low Earth orbital prediction. The accuracy of empirical neutral density models based on global indices for solar and geomagnetic activity is inherently limited by the resolution of these indices. Assimilative modeling is appealing, as it provides a means to systematically identify and correct the inconsistencies between model specification and observations. In this paper we present a practical assimilative mass density specification methodology that optimally combines the mass density prediction by the Coupled-Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere-electrodynamics (CTIPe) model with in-situ observations of neutral mass density by research satellites such as Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The methodology yields an analysis of the global density according to Bayes's rule under the assumption of Gaussian prior and observation error distribution (namely, by using the Optimal Interpolation or Kalman Filter update formula). To make best use of under-sampled global neutral mass density observations, the background (prior) error covariance is built on the principal component analysis to represent the long-distance correlation effectively, with an adaptive capability by using the maximum-likelihood method. The neutral mass density specification at 400 km can be improved up to 50% beyond what has been attained by the CTIPe by assimilating CHAMP and GRACE density observations. C1 [Matsuo, Tomoko; Codrescu, Mihail V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko; Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway W-NP9, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tomoko.matsuo@colorado.edu RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-07-1-0565] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award FA9550-07-1-0565. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAY 12 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S05002 DI 10.1029/2012SW000773 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942AS UT WOS:000304012400001 ER PT J AU Galal, WC Pan, M Kelman, Z Hurwitz, J AF Galal, Wiebke Chemnitz Pan, Miao Kelman, Zvi Hurwitz, Jerard TI Characterization of DNA Primase Complex Isolated from the Archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HETERODIMERIC PRIMASE; REPLICATION FORK; RNA; POLYMERASES; IDENTIFICATION; DOMAIN AB In most organisms, DNA replication is initiated by DNA primases, which synthesize primers that are elongated by DNA polymerases. In this study, we describe the isolation and biochemical characterization of the DNA primase complex and its subunits from the archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis. The T. kodakaraensis DNA primase complex is a heterodimer containing stoichiometric levels of the p41 and p46 subunits. The catalytic activity of the complex resides within the p41 subunit. We show that the complex supports both DNA and RNA synthesis, whereas the p41 subunit alone marginally produces RNA and synthesizes DNA chains that are longer than those formed by the complex. We report that the T. kodakaraensis primase complex preferentially interacts with dNTP rather than ribonucleoside triphosphates and initiates RNA as well as DNA chains de novo. The latter findings indicate that the archaeal primase complex, in contrast to the eukaryote homolog, can initiate DNA chain synthesis in the absence of ribonucleoside triphosphates. DNA primers formed by the archaeal complex can be elongated extensively by the T. kodakaraensis DNA polymerase (Pol) B, whereas DNA primers formed by the p41 catalytic subunit alone were not. Supplementation of reactions containing the p41 subunit with the p46 subunit leads to PolB-catalyzed DNA synthesis. We also established a rolling circle reaction using a primed 200-nucleotide circle as the substrate. In the presence of the T. kodakaraensis minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 3'-> 35' DNA helicase, PolB, replication factor C, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, long leading strands (>10 kb) are produced. Supplementation of such reactions with the DNA primase complex supported lagging strand formation as well. C1 [Galal, Wiebke Chemnitz; Hurwitz, Jerard] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Pan, Miao; Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Hurwitz, J (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM j-hurwitz@ski.mskcc.org RI Pan, Miao/E-7346-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [GH034559]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant GH034559 (to J. H.). This work was also supported by National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0815646 (to Z. K.). NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 11 PY 2012 VL 287 IS 20 BP 16209 EP 16219 DI 10.1074/jbc.M111.338145 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 942GB UT WOS:000304030900013 ER PT J AU Galal, WC Pan, M Giulian, G Yuan, W Li, SW Edwards, JL Marino, JP Kelman, Z Hurwitz, J AF Galal, Wiebke Chemnitz Pan, Miao Giulian, Gary Yuan, Wei Li, Shuwei Edwards, James L. Marino, John P. Kelman, Zvi Hurwitz, Jerard TI Formation of dAMP-glycerol and dAMP-Tris Derivatives by Thermococcus kodakaraensis DNA Primase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETERODIMERIC PRIMASE; EUKARYOTIC PRIMASE; PRIMER SYNTHESIS; P58 SUBUNIT; INITIATION; DOMAIN; TRANSFERASE; POLYMERASE; MECHANISM; COMPLEX AB In the presence of dATP, glycerol, and Tris buffer, the DNA primase isolated from Thermococcus kodakaraensis catalyzed the formation of dAMP and two products that were identified as dAMP-glycerol and dAMP-Tris. These products were formed by the T. kodakaraensis p41 catalytic subunit alone and the T. kodakaraensis p41-p46 complex in the absence of a DNA template. They were not formed with preparations containing the catalytically inactive p41 subunit. Similar glycerol and Tris derivatives as well as dNMPs were also formed with dGTP, dCTP, or dTTP. The mechanism contributing to the formation of these products and its implications in the initiation reaction catalyzed by the T. kodakaraensis primase are discussed. C1 [Galal, Wiebke Chemnitz; Hurwitz, Jerard] 5 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, New York, NY USA. [Pan, Miao; Giulian, Gary; Yuan, Wei; Li, Shuwei; Edwards, James L.; Marino, John P.; Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Marino, John P.; Kelman, Zvi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Hurwitz, J (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM j-hurwitz@ski.mskcc.org RI Pan, Miao/E-7346-2012; Yuan, Wei/C-4938-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [GM034559]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant GM034559 (to J. H.). This work was also supported by National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0815646 (to Z. K.). NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 11 PY 2012 VL 287 IS 20 BP 16220 EP 16229 DI 10.1074/jbc.M111.338160 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 942GB UT WOS:000304030900014 ER PT J AU Neuman, JA Aikin, KC Atlas, EL Blake, DR Holloway, JS Meinardi, S Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Peischl, J Perring, AE Pollack, IB Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Trainer, M AF Neuman, J. A. Aikin, K. C. Atlas, E. L. Blake, D. R. Holloway, J. S. Meinardi, S. Nowak, J. B. Parrish, D. D. Peischl, J. Perring, A. E. Pollack, I. B. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. B. Trainer, M. TI Ozone and alkyl nitrate formation from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill atmospheric emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; NOX-AIR PHOTOOXIDATIONS; BIFUNCTIONAL NITRATES; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES; N-ALKANES; LIFETIMES; OUTFLOW AB Ozone (O-3), alkyl nitrates (RONO2), and other photochemical products were formed in the atmosphere downwind from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill by photochemical reactions of evaporating hydrocarbons with NOx (= NO + NO2) emissions from spill response activities. Reactive nitrogen species and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured from an instrumented aircraft during daytime flights in the marine boundary layer downwind from the area of surfacing oil. A unique VOC mixture, where alkanes dominated the hydroxyl radical (OH) loss rate, was emitted into a clean marine environment, enabling a focused examination of O-3 and RONO2 formation processes. In the atmospheric plume from DWH, the OH loss rate, an indicator of potential O-3 formation, was large and dominated by alkanes with between 5 and 10 carbons per molecule (C-5-C-10). Observations showed that NOx was oxidized very rapidly with a 0.8 h lifetime, producing primarily C-6-C-10 RONO2 that accounted for 78% of the reactive nitrogen enhancements in the atmospheric plume 2.5 h downwind from DWH. Both observations and calculations of RONO2 and O-3 production rates show that alkane oxidation dominated O-3 formation chemistry in the plume. Rapid and nearly complete oxidation of NOx to RONO2 effectively terminated O-3 production, with O-3 formation yields of 6.0 +/- 0.5 ppbv O-3 per ppbv of NOx oxidized. VOC mixing ratios were in large excess of NOx, and additional NOx would have formed additional O-3 in this plume. Analysis of measurements of VOCs, O-3, and reactive nitrogen species and calculations of O-3 and RONO2 production rates demonstrate that NOx-VOC chemistry in the DWH plume is explained by known mechanisms. C1 [Neuman, J. A.; Aikin, K. C.; Holloway, J. S.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Aikin, K. C.; Holloway, J. S.; Nowak, J. B.; Parrish, D. D.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andy.neuman@noaa.gov RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009 OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172 FU NOAA FX We thank the NOAA Climate Change, Health of the Atmosphere Program for support and the NOAA Aircraft Operation Center staff for accomplishing the Gulf flights. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 11 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D09305 DI 10.1029/2011JD017150 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941ZP UT WOS:000304009200001 ER PT J AU Tonry, JL Stubbs, CW Lykke, KR Doherty, P Shivvers, IS Burgett, WS Chambers, KC Hodapp, KW Kaiser, N Kudritzki, RP Magnier, EA Morgan, JS Price, PA Wainscoat, RJ AF Tonry, J. L. Stubbs, C. W. Lykke, K. R. Doherty, P. Shivvers, I. S. Burgett, W. S. Chambers, K. C. Hodapp, K. W. Kaiser, N. Kudritzki, R. -P. Magnier, E. A. Morgan, J. S. Price, P. A. Wainscoat, R. J. TI THE Pan-STARRS1 PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; instrumentation: photometers; surveys; techniques: photometric ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ATMOSPHERIC EXTINCTION; STELLAR LOCUS; CALIBRATION; TELESCOPES; HIPPARCOS; PASSBANDS; STANDARDS; PANSTARRS; IMAGER AB The Pan-STARRS1 survey is collecting multi-epoch, multi-color observations of the sky north of declination -30 degrees to unprecedented depths. These data are being photometrically and astrometrically calibrated and will serve as a reference for many other purposes. In this paper, we present our determination of the Pan-STARRS1 photometric system: g(P1), r(P1), i(P1), z(P1), y(P1), and w(P1). The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system is fundamentally based on the Hubble Space Telescope Calspec spectrophotometric observations, which in turn are fundamentally based on models of white dwarf atmospheres. We define the Pan-STARRS1 magnitude system and describe in detail our measurement of the system passbands, including both the instrumental sensitivity and atmospheric transmission functions. By-products, including transformations to other photometric systems, Galactic extinction, and stellar locus, are also provided. We close with a discussion of remaining systematic errors. C1 [Tonry, J. L.; Burgett, W. S.; Chambers, K. C.; Hodapp, K. W.; Kaiser, N.; Kudritzki, R. -P.; Magnier, E. A.; Morgan, J. S.; Wainscoat, R. J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stubbs, C. W.; Shivvers, I. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stubbs, C. W.; Doherty, P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lykke, K. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shivvers, I. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Price, P. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Tonry, JL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Shivvers, Isaac/0000-0003-3373-8047; Chambers, Kenneth /0000-0001-6965-7789 FU National Science Foundation [AST-1009749]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AR22G] FX Support for this work was provided by National Science Foundation grant AST-1009749. The PS1 Surveys have been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queen'sUniversity Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant no. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate. NR 41 TC 195 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2012 VL 750 IS 2 AR 99 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/99 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934LT UT WOS:000303446500013 ER PT J AU France, K Linsky, JL Tian, F Froning, CS Roberge, A AF France, Kevin Linsky, Jeffrey L. Tian, Feng Froning, Cynthia S. Roberge, Aki TI TIME-RESOLVED ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF THE M-DWARF GJ 876 EXOPLANETARY SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: activity; stars: individual (GJ 876); stars: low-mass; ultraviolet: stars ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; M-CIRCLE-PLUS; TRANSITION REGION; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; EMISSION-LINES; AU-MICROSCOPII; HARPS SEARCH AB Extrasolar planets orbiting M-stars may represent our best chance to discover habitable worlds in the coming decade. The ultraviolet spectrum incident upon both Earth-like and Jovian planets is critically important for proper modeling of their atmospheric heating and chemistry. In order to provide more realistic inputs for atmospheric models of planets orbiting low-mass stars, we present new near- and far-ultraviolet (NUV and FUV) spectroscopy of the M-dwarf exoplanet host GJ 876 (M4V). Using the COS and STIS spectrographs on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we have measured the 1150-3140 angstrom spectrum of GJ 876. We have reconstructed the stellar H I Ly alpha emission line profile, and find that the integrated Ly alpha flux is roughly equal to the rest of the integrated flux (1150-1210 angstrom + 1220-3140 angstrom) in the entire ultraviolet bandpass (F(Ly alpha)/F(FUV+NUV) approximate to 0.7). This ratio is similar to 2500x greater than the solar value. We describe the ultraviolet line spectrum and report surprisingly strong fluorescent emission from hot H-2 (T(H-2) > 2000 K). We show the light curve of a chromospheric + transition region flare observed in several far-UV emission lines, with flare/quiescent flux ratios >= 10. The strong FUV radiation field of an M-star (and specifically Ly alpha) is important for determining the abundance of O-2-and the formation of biomarkers-in the lower atmospheres of Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of low-mass stars. C1 [France, Kevin; Froning, Cynthia S.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tian, Feng] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roberge, Aki] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.france@colorado.edu RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012; Tian, Feng/C-1344-2015 OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725; Tian, Feng/0000-0002-9607-560X FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043]; HST Guest Observing program [12464] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.; K.F. thanks Sarah LeVine for graphic support of Project MUSCLES. We acknowledge enjoyable discussions with John Stocke, Hao Yang, and Brian Wolven. These data were obtained as part of the HST Guest Observing program No. 12464. This work was supported by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2012 VL 750 IS 2 AR L32 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/750/2/L32 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MP UT WOS:000303448700006 ER PT J AU Huntzinger, DN Post, WM Wei, Y Michalak, AM West, TO Jacobson, AR Baker, IT Chen, JM Davis, KJ Hayes, DJ Hoffman, FM Jain, AK Liu, S McGuire, AD Neilson, RP Potter, C Poulter, B Price, D Raczka, BM Tian, HQ Thornton, P Tomelleri, E Viovy, N Xiao, J Yuan, W Zeng, N Zhao, M Cook, R AF Huntzinger, D. N. Post, W. M. Wei, Y. Michalak, A. M. West, T. O. Jacobson, A. R. Baker, I. T. Chen, J. M. Davis, K. J. Hayes, D. J. Hoffman, F. M. Jain, A. K. Liu, S. McGuire, A. D. Neilson, R. P. Potter, Chris Poulter, B. Price, David Raczka, B. M. Tian, H. Q. Thornton, P. Tomelleri, E. Viovy, N. Xiao, J. Yuan, W. Zeng, N. Zhao, M. Cook, R. TI North American Carbon Program (NACP) regional interim synthesis: Terrestrial biospheric model intercomparison SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial biospheric models; Intercomparison; Carbon fluxes; North American Carbon Program; Regional ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY NPP; COMPARING GLOBAL-MODELS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODELS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; ANALYSIS PROJECT AB Understanding of carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere can be improved through direct observations and experiments, as well as through modeling activities. Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) have become an integral tool for extrapolating local observations and understanding to much larger terrestrial regions. Although models vary in their specific goals and approaches, their central role within carbon cycle science is to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms currently controlling carbon exchange. Recently, the North American Carbon Program (NACP) organized several interim-synthesis activities to evaluate and inter-compare models and observations at local to continental scales for the years 2000-2005. Here, we compare the results from the TBMs collected as part of the regional and continental interim-synthesis (RCIS) activities. The primary objective of this work is to synthesize and compare the 19 participating TBMs to assess current understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle in North America. Thus, the RCIS focuses on model simulations available from analyses that have been completed by ongoing NACP projects and other recently published studies. The TBM flux estimates are compared and evaluated over different spatial (1 degrees X 1 degrees and spatially aggregated to different regions) and temporal (monthly and annually) scales. The range in model estimates of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for North America is much narrower than estimates of productivity or respiration, with estimates of NEP varying between 0.7 and 2.2 PgC yr(-1), while gross primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration vary between 12.2 and 32.9 PgCyr(-1) and 5.6 and 13.2 PgC yr(-1), respectively. The range in estimates from the models appears to be driven by a combination of factors, including the representation of photosynthesis, the source and of environmental driver data and the temporal variability of those data, as well as whether nutrient limitation is considered in soil carbon decomposition. The disagreement in current estimates of carbon flux across North America, including whether North America is a net biospheric carbon source or sink, highlights the need for further analysis through the use of model runs following a common simulation protocol, in order to isolate the influences of model formulation, structure, and assumptions on flux estimates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huntzinger, D. N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Post, W. M.; Wei, Y.; Hayes, D. J.; Hoffman, F. M.; Thornton, P.; Cook, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Michalak, A. M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [West, T. O.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baker, I. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Davis, K. J.; Raczka, B. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jain, A. K.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liu, S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Neilson, R. P.] Univ Utah, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Potter, Chris] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Poulter, B.; Viovy, N.] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Price, David] Nat Resources Canada, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Tian, H. Q.] Auburn Univ, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tomelleri, E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Xiao, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Yuan, W.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhao, M.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Huntzinger, DN (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, POB 5964, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM deborah.huntzinger@nau.edu RI Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Wei, Yaxing/K-1507-2013; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Wei, Yaxing/0000-0001-6924-0078; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE84G, NNH06AE47I] FX The interim-synthesis activity represents a grass-roots effort by the carbon cycle community, conducted largely on a volunteer basis. We would particularly like to thank all of the modeling teams that participated in the synthesis activities, sharing results from their ongoing work, and providing feedback during the workshops. We also thank MAST-DC at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for data management support; MAST-DC (Project NNH06AE47I) is a Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group Project funded by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. Funding was also provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant No. NNX06AE84G "Constraining North American Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide and Inferring their Spatiotemporal Covariances through Assimilation of Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Data in a Geostatistical Framework" issued through the ROSES A.6 North American Carbon Program. NR 88 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 10 PY 2012 VL 232 BP 144 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.004 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934EA UT WOS:000303424900013 ER PT J AU Espinal, L Wong-Ng, W Kaduk, JA Allen, AJ Snyder, CR Chiu, C Siderius, DW Li, L Cockayne, E Espinal, AE Suib, SL AF Espinal, Laura Wong-Ng, Winnie Kaduk, James A. Allen, Andrew J. Snyder, Chad R. Chiu, Chun Siderius, Daniel W. Li, Lan Cockayne, Eric Espinal, Anais E. Suib, Steven L. TI Time-Dependent CO2 Sorption Hysteresis in a One-Dimensional Microporous Octahedral Molecular Sieve SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ADSORPTION-DESORPTION; LOW PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; HYDROGEN; POROSITY; ZEOLITE; FLUIDS AB The development of sorbents for next-generation CO2 mitigation technologies will require better understanding of CO2/sorbent interactions. Among the sorbents under consideration are shape-selective microporous molecular sieves with hierarchical pore morphologies of reduced dimensionality. We have characterized the non-equilibrium CO2 sorption of OMS-2, a well-known one-dimensional microporous octahedral molecular sieve with manganese oxide framework. Remarkably, we find that the degree of CO2 sorption hysteresis increases when the gas/sorbent system is allowed to equilibrate for longer times at each pressure step. Density functional theory calculations indicate a "gate-keeping" role of the cation in the tunnel, only allowing CO2 molecules to enter fully into the tunnel via a highly unstable transient state when CO2 loadings exceed 0.75 mmol/g. The energy barrier associated with the gate-keeping effect suggests an adsorption mechanism in which kinetic trapping of CO2 is responsible for the observed hysteretic behavior. C1 [Espinal, Laura; Wong-Ng, Winnie; Allen, Andrew J.; Snyder, Chad R.; Chiu, Chun; Siderius, Daniel W.; Li, Lan; Cockayne, Eric] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, James A.] IIT, BCS Chem Div, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Espinal, Anais E.; Suib, Steven L.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Espinal, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laura.espinal@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Geochemical, and Biological Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0535644]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX L.E. thanks Alex Neimark for helpful discussions early in the early stages of this work. A.E.E. and S.L.S. acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Geochemical, and Biological Sciences. Dr. M. R. Suchomel at the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne National Laboratory) is acknowledged for assistance with the high resolution XRD data acquisition, Dr. J. Ilavsky (Argonne's X-ray Science Division) for assistance with the USAXS measurements, and Dr. S. R. Kline (NCNR) for assistance with the SANS measurements. The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS, APS sector 15, is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant no. CHE-0535644. This work also utilized neutron scattering facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 18 BP 7944 EP 7951 DI 10.1021/ja3014133 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 937XC UT WOS:000303696200057 PM 22482879 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Incompressible Wave Motion of Compressible Fluids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We consider linear waves in compressible fluids in a uniform potential field, such as a gravity field, and demonstrate that a particular type of wave motion, in which pressure remains constant in each fluid parcel, is supported by inhomogeneous fluids occupying bounded or unbounded domains. We present elementary, exact solutions of linearized hydrodynamics equations, which describe the new type of waves in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. The solutions provide an extension of surface gravity waves in an incompressible fluid half-space with a free boundary to waves in compressible, three-dimensionally inhomogeneous, rotating fluids. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU U.S. Navy under STTR [N06-T002] FX Stimulating discussions with I. M. Fuks, L. A. Ostrovsky, and B. Cornuelle are gratefully acknowledged. This research has been supported in part by the U.S. Navy under STTR Contract No. N06-T002. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 9 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 19 AR 194501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.194501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 939GH UT WOS:000303796700008 PM 23003046 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, ED Fiore, JL Nesbitt, DJ AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Fiore, Julie L. Nesbitt, David J. TI Thermodynamic Origins of Monovalent Facilitated RNA Folding SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE FRET; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA RIBOZYME; TETRALOOP-RECEPTOR COMPLEX; HEAT-CAPACITY CHANGES; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; GAAA TETRALOOP; TRANSITION-STATE; COUNTERION CONDENSATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BASE STACKING AB Cations have long been associated with formation of native RNA structure and are commonly thought to stabilize the formation of tertiary contacts by favorably interacting with the electrostatic potential of the RNA, giving rise to an "ion atmosphere". A significant amount of information regarding the thermodynamics of structural transitions in the presence of an ion atmosphere has accumulated and suggests stabilization is dominated by entropic terms, This work provides an analysis of how RNA-cation interactions affect the entropy and enthalpy associated with an RNA tertiary transition. Specifically, temperature-dependent single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies have been exploited to determine the free energy (Delta G degrees), enthalpy (Delta H degrees), and entropy (Delta S degrees) of folding for an isolated tetraloop-receptor tertiary interaction as a function of Na+ concentration. Somewhat unexpectedly, increasing the Na+ concentration changes the folding enthalpy from a strongly exothermic process [e.g., Delta H degrees = 26(2) kcal/mol at 180 mM] to a weakly exothermic process [e.g., Delta H degrees = 4(1) kcal/mol at 630 mM]. As a direct corollary, it is the strong increase in folding entropy [A(AS) > 0] that compensates for this loss of exothermicity for the achievement of more favorable folding [Delta(Delta S degrees) < 0] at higher Na+ concentrations. In conjunction with corresponding measurements of the thermodynamics of the transition state barrier, these data provide a detailed description of the folding pathway associated with the GAAA tetraloop-receptor interaction as a function of Na+ concentration. The results support a potentially universal mechanism for monovalent facilitated RNA folding, whereby an increasing monovalent concentration stabilizes tertiary structure by reducing the entropic penalty for folding. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; W.M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder; National Institutes of Health [T32 GM-065103] FX Funds for this work have been provided by the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the W.M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder, with predoctoral fellowship support (E.D.H.) from the National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Program (T32 GM-065103). NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 18 BP 3732 EP 3743 DI 10.1021/bi201420a PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 936ZG UT WOS:000303628200005 PM 22448852 ER PT J AU Lin, YL Donner, LJ Petch, J Bechtold, P Boyle, J Klein, SA Komori, T Wapler, K Willett, M Xie, X Zhao, M Xie, S McFarlane, SA Schumacher, C AF Lin, Yanluan Donner, L. J. Petch, J. Bechtold, P. Boyle, J. Klein, S. A. Komori, T. Wapler, K. Willett, M. Xie, X. Zhao, M. Xie, S. McFarlane, S. A. Schumacher, C. TI TWP-ICE global atmospheric model intercomparison: Convection responsiveness and resolution impact SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; GREAT-PLAINS SITE; DIURNAL CYCLE; PART I; CUMULUS CONVECTION; MOIST CONVECTION AB Results are presented from an intercomparison of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations of tropical convection during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). The distinct cloud properties, precipitation, radiation, and vertical diabatic heating profiles associated with three different monsoon regimes (wet, dry, and break) from available observations are used to evaluate 9 AGCM forecasts initialized daily from realistic global analyses. All models captured well the evolution of large-scale circulation and thermodynamic fields, but cloud properties differed substantially among models. Compared with the relatively well simulated top-heavy heating structures during the wet and break period, most models had difficulty in depicting the bottom-heavy heating profiles associated with cumulus congestus during the dry period. The best performing models during this period were the ones whose convection scheme was most responsive to the free tropospheric humidity. Compared with the large impact of cloud and convective parameterizations on model cloud and precipitation characteristics, resolution has relatively minor impact on simulated cloud properties. However, one feature that was influenced by resolution in several models was the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Peaking at a different time from convective precipitation, large-scale precipitation generally increases in high resolution forecasts and modulates the total precipitation diurnal cycle. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for convection parameterizations that are more responsive to environmental conditions as well as the substantial diversity among large-scale cloud and precipitation schemes in current AGCMs. This experiment has demonstrated itself to be a very useful test bed for those developing cloud and convection schemes for AGCMs. C1 [Lin, Yanluan; Donner, L. J.; Zhao, M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lin, Yanluan; Zhao, M.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Petch, J.; Willett, M.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bechtold, P.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Boyle, J.; Klein, S. A.; Xie, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Komori, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Wapler, K.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Xie, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [McFarlane, S. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Schumacher, C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yanluan.lin@noaa.gov RI Schumacher, Courtney/B-8968-2011; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; OI Schumacher, Courtney/0000-0003-3612-485X; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Jones, Todd/0000-0002-7669-1499 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Science Division; Office of Science at the U. S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors thank the three anonymous referees for their constructive comments that helped to clarify and improve the paper. This research is supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (Lin). TWP-ICE data were obtained from the ARM Program archive, sponsored by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Science Division. The ECMWF analyses were provided to the ACRF data archive under a site license agreement. Support for J. Boyle, S. A. Klein and S. Xie was provided by the Atmospheric System Research and Regional and Global Climate Modeling Programs of the Office of Science at the U. S. Department of Energy. Their contribution to this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 73 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D09111 DI 10.1029/2011JD017018 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941ZJ UT WOS:000304008300002 ER PT J AU Rengifo, HR Grigoras, C Dach, BI Li, X Turro, NJ Lee, HJ Wu, WL Koberstein, JT AF Rengifo, Hernan R. Grigoras, Cristian Dach, Benjamin I. Li, Xia Turro, Nicholas J. Lee, Hae-Jeong Wu, Wen-Li Koberstein, Jeffrey T. TI Solid Phase Synthesis of Polymacromer and Copolymacromer Brushes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CLICK CHEMISTRY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE FUNCTIONALITY; POLYSTYRENE LAYERS; PEPTIDE; POLYMERS; IMMOBILIZATION; PERSPECTIVES AB We report a novel solid phase method for the sequential coupling of heterobifunctional macromonomers to form a new class of polymeric materials that we refer to as polymacromers. Starting from an azide functional substrate, alpha-azido, omega-protected-alkyne macromonomers are added sequentially by thermally initiated click reactions to form polymacromer brushes wherein macromonomers are linked via triazole groups. After each addition step, the terminal alkyne group can be deprotected to allow addition of the next macromonomer. The use of highly chemoselective click chemistry for the coupling reactions allows virtually any macromonomer to be employed, regardless of its chemical nature. The method is illustrated by formation of two different homopolymacromer brushes: one made by sequentially coupling four polystyrene macromonomers and another by sequentially coupling eight poly(tert-butyl acrylate) macromonomers. Two different types of copolymacromer brushes are also prepared: one by alternating sequential coupling of polystyrene macromonomers with poly(methyl methacrylate) macromonomers and another by alternating sequential coupling of polystyrene macromonomers with poly(tert-butyl acrylate) macromonomers. The polymacromer brushes are characterized by ellipsometry, contact angle analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray reflectivity measurements. In all cases the coupling reactions are found to be highly efficient. Analysis of thickness data for the poly(tert-butyl acrylate) homopolymacromer brushes indicates that a conversion within the range of 97.5-100% is achieved for each cycle. This solid phase synthesis method is extremely versatile because it can be used to prepare complex sequenced block copolymers from almost any polymers and because the brushes formed can be made to span the entire region of brush behavior between the "grafting from" and grafting to" limits by varying the macromonomer molecular weight. C1 [Rengifo, Hernan R.; Grigoras, Cristian; Dach, Benjamin I.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Wu, Wen-Li; Koberstein, Jeffrey T.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dach, Benjamin I.; Li, Xia; Turro, Nicholas J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Rengifo, Hernan R.; Grigoras, Cristian; Dach, Benjamin I.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Wu, Wen-Li; Koberstein, Jeffrey T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Koberstein, JT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 500 W 120th St,MC4721, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jk1191@columbia.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-04-1-0282, W911NF-10-1-0184, W911NF-11-1-0372]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0704054]; Columbia University Center of Excellence in Genomic Science under NIH [P50 HG002806] FX This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under contract/grant numbers W911NF-04-1-0282, W911NF-10-1-0184, and W911NF-11-1-0372 and by grant DMR-0704054 from the National Science Foundation. H.R.R. acknowledges fellowship support from the Columbia University Center of Excellence in Genomic Science under NIH award P50 HG002806. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3866 EP 3873 DI 10.1021/ma3004168 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 936ZJ UT WOS:000303628500024 ER PT J AU Clark, PU Shakun, JD Baker, PA Bartlein, PJ Brewer, S Brook, E Carlson, AE Cheng, H Kaufman, DS Liu, ZY Marchitto, TM Mix, AC Morrill, C Otto-Bliesner, BL Pahnke, K Russell, JM Whitlock, C Adkins, JF Blois, JL Clark, J Colman, SM Curry, WB Flower, BP He, F Johnson, TC Lynch-Stieglitz, J Markgraf, V McManus, J Mitrovica, JX Moreno, PI Williams, JW AF Clark, Peter U. Shakun, Jeremy D. Baker, Paul A. Bartlein, Patrick J. Brewer, Simon Brook, Ed Carlson, Anders E. Cheng, Hai Kaufman, Darrell S. Liu, Zhengyu Marchitto, Thomas M. Mix, Alan C. Morrill, Carrie Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. Pahnke, Katharina Russell, James M. Whitlock, Cathy Adkins, Jess F. Blois, Jessica L. Clark, Jorie Colman, Steven M. Curry, William B. Flower, Ben P. He, Feng Johnson, Thomas C. Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean Markgraf, Vera McManus, Jerry Mitrovica, Jerry X. Moreno, Patricio I. Williams, John W. TI Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PAST 25,000 YEARS; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; YOUNGER DRYAS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LATE-QUATERNARY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ICE-AGE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN AB Deciphering the evolution of global climate from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 19 ka to the early Holocene 11 ka presents an outstanding opportunity for understanding the transient response of Earth's climate system to external and internal forcings. During this interval of global warming, the decay of ice sheets caused global mean sea level to rise by approximately 80 m; terrestrial and marine ecosystems experienced large disturbances and range shifts; perturbations to the carbon cycle resulted in a net release of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere; and changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation affected the global distribution and fluxes of water and heat. Here we summarize a major effort by the paleoclimate research community to characterize these changes through the development of well-dated, high-resolution records of the deep and intermediate ocean as well as surface climate. Our synthesis indicates that the super-position of two modes explains much of the variability in regional and global climate during the last deglaciation, with a strong association between the first mode and variations in greenhouse gases, and between the second mode and variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. C1 [Clark, Peter U.; Brook, Ed; Mix, Alan C.; Clark, Jorie] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shakun, Jeremy D.; Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baker, Paul A.] Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bartlein, Patrick J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Brewer, Simon] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Carlson, Anders E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Carlson, Anders E.; Liu, Zhengyu; Blois, Jessica L.; He, Feng] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hai] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kaufman, Darrell S.; Markgraf, Vera] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Marchitto, Thomas M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pahnke, Katharina] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Russell, James M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT USA. [Adkins, Jess F.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Blois, Jessica L.; Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Colman, Steven M.; Johnson, Thomas C.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Colman, Steven M.; Johnson, Thomas C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Curry, William B.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Flower, Ben P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McManus, Jerry] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Moreno, Patricio I.] Univ Chile, Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago 1058, Chile. [Moreno, Patricio I.] Univ Chile, Dept Ecol Sci, Santiago 1058, Chile. RP Clark, PU (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM clarkp@onid.orst.edu; shakun@fas.harvard.edu RI Moreno, Patricio/D-2317-2012; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; Blois, Jessica/G-5893-2011; He, Feng/B-3583-2008; OI Moreno, Patricio/0000-0002-1333-6238; Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Blois, Jessica/0000-0003-4048-177X; He, Feng/0000-0002-3355-6406; Brewer, Simon/0000-0002-6810-1911; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469; Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean/0000-0002-9353-1972; Pahnke, Katharina/0000-0001-9114-8411 FU National Science Foundation; Past Global Changes program FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Paleoclimatology program for data archiving, and the many scientists who generously contributed datasets used in our analyses. We also thank the National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Program and the Past Global Changes program for supporting the workshops that led to this synthesis. NR 170 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 12 U2 265 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 19 BP E1134 EP E1142 DI 10.1073/pnas.1116619109 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 942ZQ UT WOS:000304090600003 PM 22331892 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Zwolinski, JP AF Demer, David A. Zwolinski, Juan P. TI Reply to MacCall et al.: Acoustic-trawl survey results provide unique insight to sardine stock decline SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID MANAGEMENT; REGIME C1 [Demer, David A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Zwolinski, Juan P.] Ocean Associates, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM David.demer@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 19 BP E1132 EP E1133 DI 10.1073/pnas.1203758109 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 942ZQ UT WOS:000304090600002 ER PT J AU MacCall, AD Hill, KT Crone, P Emmett, R AF MacCall, Alec D. Hill, Kevin T. Crone, Paul Emmett, Robert TI Weak evidence for sardine collapse SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [MacCall, Alec D.; Hill, Kevin T.; Crone, Paul] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Emmett, Robert] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Alec.MacCall@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 19 BP E1131 EP E1131 DI 10.1073/pnas.1203526109 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 942ZQ UT WOS:000304090600001 PM 22511724 ER PT J AU Kim, KW Seo, SM Ryu, J Lee, KJ Lee, HW AF Kim, Kyoung-Whan Seo, Soo-Man Ryu, Jisu Lee, Kyung-Jin Lee, Hyun-Woo TI Magnetization dynamics induced by in-plane currents in ultrathin magnetic nanostructures with Rashba spin-orbit coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; TRANSFER TORQUE; DRIVEN; FERROMAGNETS; WAVES; LAYER AB Recent experiments on ultrathin magnetic layers with broken inversion symmetry reported anomalous current-driven magnetization dynamics. We show that the spin-transfer torque can be significantly modified by Rashba spin-orbit coupling and the modified spin-transfer torque can explain the anomalous magnetization dynamics. This work will be valuable for the development of next generation spintronic devices based on ultrathin magnetic systems. C1 [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Ryu, Jisu; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Theoret Phys PCTP, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Ryu, Jisu; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Seo, Soo-Man; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Theoret Phys PCTP, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM kj_lee@korea.ac.kr; hwl@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/E-5582-2015 OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088 FU NRF [2010-0014109, 2010-0023798, 2011-0030784, 2011-0028163, 2011-0009278]; BK21; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX We gratefully acknowledge M. D. Stiles, R. McMichael, and W. Rippard for valuable comments. This work was financially supported by the NRF (2010-0014109, 2010-0023798, 2011-0030784, 2011-0028163) and BK21. K. W. K. acknowledges financial support by the NRF (2011-0009278). K. J. L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 45 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 9 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 8 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 18 AR 180404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.180404 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 938TI UT WOS:000303755500003 ER PT J AU Siderius, DW Krekelberg, WP Roberts, CJ Shen, VK AF Siderius, Daniel W. Krekelberg, William P. Roberts, Christopher J. Shen, Vincent K. TI Osmotic virial coefficients for model protein and colloidal solutions: Importance of ensemble constraints in the analysis of light scattering data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTATION EQUILIBRIUM EXPERIMENTS; SELF-INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; HARD-SPHERE MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMIC NONIDEALITY; CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; PARTICLE MODEL; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Protein-protein interactions in solution may be quantified by the osmotic second virial coefficient (OSVC), which can be measured by various experimental techniques including light scattering. Analysis of Rayleigh light scattering measurements from such experiments requires identification of a scattering volume and the thermodynamic constraints imposed on that volume, i.e., the statistical mechanical ensemble in which light scattering occurs. Depending on the set of constraints imposed on the scattering volume, one can obtain either an apparent OSVC, A(2,app), or the true thermodynamic OSVC, B-22(osm), that is rigorously defined in solution theory [M. A. Blanco, E. Sahin, Y. Li, and C. J. Roberts, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 225103 (2011)]. However, it is unclear to what extent A(2,app) and B-22(osm) differ, which may have implications on the physical interpretation of OSVC measurements from light scattering experiments. In this paper, we use the multicomponent hard-sphere model and a well-known equation of state to directly compare A(2,app) and B-22(osm). Our results from the hard-sphere equation of state indicate that A(2,app) underestimates B-22(osm), but in a systematic manner that may be explained using fundamental thermodynamic expressions for the two OSVCs. The difference between A(2,app) and B-22(osm) may be quantitatively significant, but may also be obscured in experimental application by statistical uncertainty or non-steric interactions. Consequently, the two OSVCs that arise in the analysis of light scattering measurements do formally differ, but in a manner that may not be detectable in actual application. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709613] C1 [Siderius, Daniel W.; Krekelberg, William P.; Shen, Vincent K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Mol & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Roberts, Christopher J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Siderius, DW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.siderius@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [CBET0931173]; National Research Council FX This work was supported in part (CJR) by the National Science Foundation (CBET0931173). The National Institute of Standards and Technology is graciously acknowledged for hosting CJR during his sabbatical leave. D.W.S. and W.P.K. acknowledge the financial support from National Research Council postdoctoral research associateships at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 17 AR 175102 DI 10.1063/1.4709613 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 941BB UT WOS:000303935700065 PM 22583267 ER PT J AU Dai, XC Richter, M Li, HB Bristow, AD Falvo, C Mukamel, S Cundiff, ST AF Dai, Xingcan Richter, Marten Li, Hebin Bristow, Alan D. Falvo, Cyril Mukamel, Shaul Cundiff, Steven T. TI Two-Dimensional Double-Quantum Spectra Reveal Collective Resonances in an Atomic Vapor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT AB We report the observation of double-quantum coherence signals in a gas of potassium atoms at twice the frequency of the one-quantum coherences. Since a single atom does not have a state at the corresponding energy, this observation must be attributed to a collective resonance involving multiple atoms. These resonances are induced by weak interatomic dipole-dipole interactions, which means that the atoms cannot be treated in isolation, even at a low density of 10(12) cm(-3). C1 [Dai, Xingcan; Li, Hebin; Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dai, Xingcan; Li, Hebin; Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Richter, Marten; Falvo, Cyril; Mukamel, Shaul] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Dai, XC (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Richter, Marten/B-7790-2008; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Richter, Marten/0000-0003-4160-1008; FU NIST; NSF Physics Frontier Center; NSF Chemistry Division; DARPA; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank T. Asnicar and H. Green for technical assistance. The work at JILA was supported by NIST and the NSF Physics Frontier Center program. The work at UC-Irvine was supported by the NSF Chemistry Division and DARPA. M. R. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Program. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 19 AR 193201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.193201 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 937ML UT WOS:000303662500004 PM 23003037 ER PT J AU Foster, JH Brooks, BA Wang, DL Carter, GS Merrifield, MA AF Foster, James H. Brooks, Benjamin A. Wang, Dailin Carter, Glenn S. Merrifield, Mark A. TI Improving tsunami warning using commercial ships SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GPS; TIME; EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEMS AB Accurate and rapid detection and assessment of tsunamis is critical for effective mitigation. We show here that a modest similar to 10 cm tsunami from the M8.8 27 Feb 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake was detected by kinematic Global Positions System (GPS) solutions from a ship underway in the open ocean - the first time shipboard tsunami detection has been achieved. Our results illustrate how the commercial shipping fleet represents a vast infrastructure of potential open ocean GPS platforms on shipping lanes that provide extremely good spatial coverage around most tsunamigenic source regions. Given the affordability of geodetic GPS systems, and ever-improving satellite communications, it would be possible to equip a significant portion of the shipping fleet with real-time-streamed GPS systems and create a cost-effective tsunami monitoring network with denser and more distributed coverage. We project that such a system would have detected the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in less than an hour. Citation: Foster, J. H., B. A. Brooks, D. Wang, G. S. Carter, and M. A. Merrifield (2012), Improving tsunami warning using commercial ships, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09603, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051367. C1 [Foster, James H.; Brooks, Benjamin A.; Carter, Glenn S.; Merrifield, Mark A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Dailin] NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, NWS, Ewa Beach, HI USA. RP Foster, JH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jfoster@soest.hawaii.edu RI Foster, James/G-7942-2012 OI Foster, James/0000-0003-2052-5798 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L09603 DI 10.1029/2012GL051367 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937RY UT WOS:000303677300003 ER PT J AU Yong, B Hong, Y Ren, LL Gourley, JJ Huffman, GJ Chen, X Wang, W Khan, SI AF Yong, Bin Hong, Yang Ren, Li-Liang Gourley, Jonathan J. Huffman, George J. Chen, Xi Wang, Wen Khan, Sadiq I. TI Assessment of evolving TRMM-based multisatellite real-time precipitation estimation methods and their impacts on hydrologic prediction in a high latitude basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; TROPICAL RAINFALL; LAND-SURFACE; ANALYSIS TMPA; SATELLITE; PRODUCTS; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM AB The real-time availability of satellite-derived precipitation estimates provides hydrologists an opportunity to improve current hydrologic prediction capability for medium to large river basins. Due to the availability of new satellite data and upgrades to the precipitation algorithms, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis real-time estimates (TMPA-RT) have been undergoing several important revisions over the past ten years. In this study, the changes of the relative accuracy and hydrologic potential of TMPA-RT estimates over its three major evolving periods were evaluated and inter-compared at daily, monthly and seasonal scales in the high-latitude Laohahe basin in China. Assessment results show that the performance of TMPA-RT in terms of precipitation estimation and streamflow simulation was significantly improved after 3 February 2005. Overestimation during winter months was noteworthy and consistent, which is suggested to be a consequence from interference of snow cover to the passive microwave retrievals. Rainfall estimated by the new version 6 of TMPA-RT starting from 1 October 2008 to present has higher correlations with independent gauge observations and tends to perform better in detecting rain compared to the prior periods, although it suffers larger mean error and relative bias. After a simple bias correction, this latest data set of TMPA-RT exhibited the best capability in capturing hydrologic response among the three tested periods. In summary, this study demonstrated that there is an increasing potential in the use of TMPA-RT in hydrologic streamflow simulations over its three algorithm upgrade periods, but still with significant challenges during the winter snowing events. C1 [Yong, Bin; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yong, Bin; Ren, Li-Liang; Chen, Xi; Wang, Wen] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51190090]; 111 Project [B08048]; National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China [40901017]; State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering [sklhse-2011-A-01]; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [2009585412, 2009586512] FX This work was financially supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51190090) and the 111 Project (B08048). Also this work is partially sponsored by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (40901017), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering (sklhse-2011-A-01), and the Innovative Research Team and Independent Innovation Project of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (2009585412, 2009586512). The first author acknowledges the computational facility provided by Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory and Atmospheric Radar Research Center at University of Oklahoma Research Campus. Additionally, the authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the earlier version of this paper. Last but not least, we wish to extend our appreciation to the helpful suggestions of Fengge Su and Jiahu Wang for the use of VIC-3L model. The TMPA data used in this study were provided by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's laboratory for Atmospheres and PPS, which develop and compute the TMPA as a contribution to TRMM. NR 55 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 5 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D09108 DI 10.1029/2011JD017069 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937SL UT WOS:000303678800002 ER PT J AU Portmann, RW Daniel, JS Ravishankara, AR AF Portmann, R. W. Daniel, J. S. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Stratospheric ozone depletion due to nitrous oxide: influences of other gases SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxide; stratospheric ozone; carbon dioxide; methane; halocarbon; ozone depletion potential ID FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS; RECOVERY; PERTURBATIONS; 21ST-CENTURY; DESTRUCTION; CHLORINE; METHANE; CLIMATE; IMPACT; SINK AB The effects of anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and the halocarbons on stratospheric ozone (O-3) over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries are isolated using a chemical model of the stratosphere. The future evolution of ozone will depend on each of these gases, with N2O and CO2 probably playing the dominant roles as halocarbons return towards pre-industrial levels. There are nonlinear interactions between these gases that preclude unambiguously separating their effect on ozone. For example, the CH4 increase during the twentieth century reduced the ozone losses owing to halocarbon increases, and the N2O chemical destruction of O-3 is buffered by CO2 thermal effects in the middle stratosphere (by approx. 20% for the IPCC A1B/WMO A1 scenario over the time period 1900-2100). Nonetheless, N2O is expected to continue to be the largest anthropogenic emission of an O-3-destroying compound in the foreseeable future. Reductions in anthropogenic N2O emissions provide a larger opportunity for reduction in future O-3 depletion than any of the remaining uncontrolled halocarbon emissions. It is also shown that 1980 levels of O-3 were affected by halocarbons, N2O, CO2 and CH4, and thus may not be a good choice of a benchmark of O-3 recovery. C1 [Portmann, R. W.; Daniel, J. S.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Portmann, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.w.portmann@noaa.gov RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; NR 28 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 92 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2012 VL 367 IS 1593 BP 1256 EP 1264 DI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0377 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 916TF UT WOS:000302125400011 PM 22451111 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Huang, BH Marx, L Kinter, JL Balmaseda, MA Zhang, RH Hu, ZZ AF Zhu, Jieshun Huang, Bohua Marx, Lawrence Kinter, James L., III Balmaseda, Magdalena A. Zhang, Rong-Hua Hu, Zeng-Zhen TI Ensemble ENSO hindcasts initialized from multiple ocean analyses SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; EL-NINO; SEASONAL CLIMATE; COUPLED MODEL; PART II; PREDICTION; NCEP; PREDICTABILITY; ASSIMILATION; SIMULATION AB In this study, the impact of ocean initial conditions (OIC) on the prediction skill in the tropical Pacific Ocean is examined. Four sets of OIC are used to initialize the 12-month hindcasts of the tropical climate from 1979 to 2007, using the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), the current operational climate prediction model at the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP). These OICs are chosen from four ocean analyses produced by the NCEP and the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). For each hindcast starting from a given OIC, four ensemble members are generated with different atmosphere and land initial states. The predictive skill in the tropical Pacific Ocean is assessed based on the ensemble mean hindcasts from each individual as well as multiple oceanic analyses. To reduce the climate drift from various oceanic analyses, an anomaly initialization strategy is used for all hindcasts. The results indicate that there exists a substantial spread in the sea surface temperature (SST) prediction skill with different ocean analyses. Specifically, the ENSO prediction skill in terms of the anomaly correlation of Nino-3.4 index can differ by as much as 0.1-0.2 at lead times longer than 2 months. The ensemble mean of the predictions initialized from all four ocean analyses gives prediction skill equivalent to the best one derived from the individual ocean analysis. It is suggested that more accurate OIC can improve the ENSO prediction skill and an ensemble ocean initialization has the potential of enhancing the skill at the present stage. Citation: Zhu, J., B. Huang, L. Marx, J. L. Kinter III, M. A. Balmaseda, R.-H. Zhang, and Z.-Z. Hu (2012), Ensemble ENSO hindcasts initialized from multiple ocean analyses, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051503. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Huang, Bohua; Marx, Lawrence; Kinter, James L., III] Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Zhang, Rong-Hua] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Ste 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM jieshun@cola.iges.org RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NSF [ATM-0830068, AGS-1061998]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058, NA08OAR4310885]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX Funding for this study is provided by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). Zhang is supported by an NSF grant (AGS-1061998) and an NOAA grant (NA08OAR4310885). The authors would like to thank J. Shukla for his guidance and support of this project. We are grateful to D. Straus and T. Tozuka for their suggestions and comments. We thank ECMWF and NCEP for providing their ocean data assimilation analysis datasets, which made this project possible. The authors gratefully acknowledge NCEP for the CFS v2 model made available to COLA. We also acknowledge NCEP's assistance in porting the code to the computing platforms at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) division. We particularly wish to thank Y. Hou, S. Moorthi and S. Saha for technical assistance and necessary data sets and W. Lapenta and L. Uccellini for enabling the collaborative activities. Computing resources provided by NAS are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L09602 DI 10.1029/2012GL051503 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937RV UT WOS:000303676900003 ER PT J AU Nakatsuji, S Kuga, K Kimura, K Satake, R Katayama, N Nishibori, E Sawa, H Ishii, R Hagiwara, M Bridges, F Ito, TU Higemoto, W Karaki, Y Halim, M Nugroho, AA Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Green, MA Broholm, C AF Nakatsuji, S. Kuga, K. Kimura, K. Satake, R. Katayama, N. Nishibori, E. Sawa, H. Ishii, R. Hagiwara, M. Bridges, F. Ito, T. U. Higemoto, W. Karaki, Y. Halim, M. Nugroho, A. A. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Green, M. A. Broholm, C. TI Spin-Orbital Short-Range Order on a Honeycomb-Based Lattice SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRUSTRATED MAGNETS; QUANTUM; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; FLUCTUATIONS; LIQUIDS; STATES AB Frustrated magnetic materials, in which local conditions for energy minimization are incompatible because of the lattice structure, can remain disordered to the lowest temperatures. Such is the case for Ba3CuSb2O9, which is magnetically anisotropic at the atomic scale but curiously isotropic on mesoscopic length and time scales. We find that the frustration of Wannier's Ising model on the triangular lattice is imprinted in a nanostructured honeycomb lattice of Cu2+ ions that resists a coherent static Jahn-Teller distortion. The resulting two-dimensional random-bond spin-1/2 system on the honeycomb lattice has a broad spectrum of spin-dimer-like excitations and low-energy spin degrees of freedom that retain overall hexagonal symmetry. C1 [Nakatsuji, S.; Kuga, K.; Kimura, K.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Satake, R.; Katayama, N.; Nishibori, E.; Sawa, H.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Ishii, R.; Hagiwara, M.] Osaka Univ, KYOKUGEN, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. [Bridges, F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ito, T. U.; Higemoto, W.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Karaki, Y.] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Educ, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. [Halim, M.; Nugroho, A. A.] Inst Teknol Bandung, Fac Math & Nat Sci, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Green, M. A.; Broholm, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, IQM, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Nakatsuji, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM satoru@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Nugroho, Agustinus Agung/E-5977-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Kimura, Kenta/F-4267-2017; OI Nugroho, Agustinus Agung/0000-0002-1785-4008; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Ito, Takashi/0000-0003-1971-4313 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20340089, 21684019, 23244074]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) [19051010, 19051015, 19052003]; MEXT; Toray Science and Technology grant; U.S.-Japan, ISSP; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; NSF [DMR-0944772]; DOE FX We thank Y. Uesu, J. Kaneshiro, and H. Yokota for scanning SHG microscope measurements; Y. Kiuchi for ICP analysis; T. Nakano and Y. Nozue for X-band ESR measurements; and V. Thampy for assistance in neutron-scattering data analysis. We are also grateful for fruitful discussions with N. Drichko, Z. Hao, D. Hamane, S. Ishihara, M. Isobe, T. M. McQueen, T. Mizokawa, Y. Nakanishi, N. Nagaosa, S. Onoda, K. Takada, O. Tchernyshyov, Y. Wakabayashi, and J. Yamaura. This work is partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (nos. 20340089, 21684019, and 23244074) and from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) on Priority Areas (nos. 19051010, 19051015, and 19052003), by Global Centers of Excellence (COE) programs "the Physical Sciences Frontier" and "Core Research and Engineering Science of Advanced Materials" MEXT, by a Toray Science and Technology grant, and by the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program, ISSP. Work at IQM was supported by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under award DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work used facilities supported in part by the NSF (no. DMR-0944772). Part of this work was conducted while C.B. was a JSPS fellow at ISSP. The x-ray diffraction experiments were carried out at SPring-8 (Super Photon ring-8 GeV). The EXAFS experiments were carried out at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, supported by DOE. Muon spin relaxation experiments were performed at TRIUMF (Canada's national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics). NR 29 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 8 U2 87 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 4 PY 2012 VL 336 IS 6081 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1126/science.1212154 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 935DJ UT WOS:000303498800038 PM 22556246 ER PT J AU Aluri, GS Motayed, A Davydov, AV Oleshko, VP Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Mulpuri, RV AF Aluri, Geetha S. Motayed, Abhishek Davydov, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Bertness, Kris A. Sanford, Norman A. Mulpuri, Rao V. TI Methanol, ethanol and hydrogen sensing using metal oxide and metal (TiO2-Pt) composite nanoclusters on GaN nanowires: a new route towards tailoring the selectivity of nanowire/nanocluster chemical sensors SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; FAST-RESPONSE; THIN-FILMS; DOPED TIO2; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE AB We demonstrate a new method for tailoring the selectivity of chemical sensors using semiconductor nanowires (NWs) decorated with metal and metal oxide multicomponent nanoclusters (NCs). Here we present the change of selectivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocluster-coated gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire sensor devices on the addition of platinum (Pt) nanoclusters. The hybrid sensor devices were developed by fabricating two-terminal devices using individual GaN NWs followed by the deposition of TiO2 and/or Pt nanoclusters (NCs) using the sputtering technique. This paper present the sensing characteristics of GaN/(TiO2-Pt) nanowire-nanocluster (NWNC) hybrids and GaN/(Pt) NWNC hybrids, and compare their selectivity with that of the previously reported GaN/TiO2 sensors. The GaN/TiO2 NWNC hybrids showed remarkable selectivity to benzene and related aromatic compounds, with no measurable response for other analytes. Addition of Pt NCs to GaN/TiO2 sensors dramatically altered their sensing behavior, making them sensitive only to methanol, ethanol and hydrogen, but not to any other chemicals we tested. The GaN/(TiO2-Pt) hybrids were able to detect ethanol and methanol concentrations as low as 100 nmol mol(-1) (ppb) in air in approximately 100 s, and hydrogen concentrations from 1 mu mol mol(-1) (ppm) to 1% in nitrogen in less than 60 s. However, GaN/Pt NWNC hybrids showed limited sensitivity only towards hydrogen and not towards any alcohols. All these hybrid sensors worked at room temperature and are photomodulated, i.e. they responded to analytes only in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. We propose a qualitative explanation based on the heat of adsorption, ionization energy and solvent polarity to explain the observed selectivity of the different hybrids. These results are significant from the standpoint of applications requiringroom-temperature hydrogen sensing and sensitive alcohol monitoring. These results demonstrate the tremendous potential for tailoring the selectivity of the hybrid nanosensors for a multitude of environmental and industrial sensing applications. C1 [Aluri, Geetha S.; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aluri, Geetha S.; Mulpuri, Rao V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Aluri, GS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Aluri, Geetha/D-3959-2012; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901712]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0107]; NIST [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814] FX The George Mason University portion of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under ECCS-0901712 grant. The University of Maryland portion of the work was partially supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award no. HDTRA1-10-1-0107, to the University of Maryland. VPO gratefully acknowledges the support from the NIST (contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814). We thank Dr Kurt Benkstein of NIST for sharing his design for the gas sensing set-up. We thank Dr Sergiy Krylyuk of NIST for his assistance in assembling the gas sensing setup. The nanowire devices were fabricated at the Nanofab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 64 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAY 4 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 17 AR 175501 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/17/175501 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 925TS UT WOS:000302785100006 PM 22481611 ER PT J AU van der Avoird, A Scribano, Y Faure, A Weida, MJ Fair, JR Nesbitt, DJ AF van der Avoird, Ad Scribano, Yohann Faure, Alexandre Weida, Miles J. Fair, Joanna R. Nesbitt, David J. TI Intermolecular potential and rovibrational states of the H2O-D-2 complex SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Intermolecular potential; Hydrogen bonding; H2O; Water; H-2; Rovibrational states; Infrared spectrum ID ROTATION-TUNNELING STATES; COUPLED 6-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS; GRID HAMILTONIAN METHOD; AB-INITIO TREATMENT; WATER DIMER; HYDROGEN MOLECULES; AMORPHOUS ICE; VIBRATION; EIGENVALUES; EXCITATION AB A five-dimensional intermolecular potential for H2O-D-2 was obtained from the full nine-dimensional ab initio potential surface of Valiron et al. [P. Valiron, M. Wernli, A. Faure, L. Wiesenfeld, C. Rist, S. Kedzuch, J. Noga, J. Chem. Phys. 129 (2008) 134306] by averaging over the ground state vibrational wave functions of H2O and D-2. On this five-dimensional potential with a well depth D-e of 232.12 cm (1) we calculated the bound rovibrational levels of H2O-D-2 for total angular momentum J = 0-3. The method used to compute the rovibrational levels is similar to a scattering approach-it involves a basis of coupled free rotor wave functions for the hindered internal rotations and the overall rotation of the dimer-while it uses a discrete variable representation of the intermolecular distance coordinate R. The basis was adapted to the permutation symmetry associated with the para/ortho (p/o) nature of both H2O and D-2, as well as to inversion symmetry. As expected, the H2O-D-2 dimer is more strongly bound than its H2O-H-2 isotopologue [cf. A. van der Avoird, D. J. Nesbitt, J. Chem. Phys. 134 (2011) 044314], with dissociation energies D-0 of 46.10, 50.59, 67.43, and 73.53 cm (1) for pH(2)O-oD(2), oH(2)O-oD(2), pH(2)O-pD(2), and oH(2)O-pD(2). A rotationally resolved infrared spectrum of H2O-D2 was measured in the frequency region of the H2O bend mode. The ab initio calculated values of the rotational and distortion constants agree well with the values extracted from this spectrum. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [van der Avoird, Ad] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Scribano, Yohann] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne, UMR 5209, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Faure, Alexandre] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, IPAG, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Weida, Miles J.] Daylight Solut, San Diego, CA 92128 USA. [Fair, Joanna R.] 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Radiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP van der Avoird, A (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM A.vanderAvoird@theochem.ru.nl FU National Science Foundation; Department of Energy FX This work has been supported in part (DJN) by funds from the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy. AvdA and DJN also acknowledge additional assistance through the Senior Alexander von Humboldt Award program for providing the opportunity to work together. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD MAY 3 PY 2012 VL 399 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.06.008 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 944JK UT WOS:000304196100005 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ AF McPhaden, Michael J. TI A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST and warm water volume anomalies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; PREDICTION; PREDICTABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB This paper documents changes in the relationship between warm water volume (WWV), which is an index for upper ocean heat content, and El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST anomalies during the period 1980-2010. Upper ocean heat content represents a major source of predictability for ENSO, with WWV integrated along the equator leading ENSO SST anomalies by 2-3 seasons during the 1980s and 1990s. For the first decade of the 21st century however, WWV variations decreased and lead time was reduced to only one season, mainly due to the diminished persistence of WWV anomalies early in the calendar year. These changes are linked to a shift towards more central Pacific (CP) versus eastern Pacific (EP) El Ninos in the past decade. The results are consistent with a reduced impact of thermocline feedbacks on ENSO SST development and potentially imply reduced seasonal time scale predictability during periods dominated by CP El Ninos. Citation: McPhaden, M. J. (2012), A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST and warm water volume anomalies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09706, doi:10.1029/2012GL051826. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 22 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 3 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L09706 DI 10.1029/2012GL051826 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937RS UT WOS:000303676600004 ER PT J AU Helber, RW Kara, AB Richman, JG Carnes, MR Barron, CN Hurlburt, HE Boyer, T AF Helber, Robert W. Kara, A. Birol Richman, James G. Carnes, Michael R. Barron, Charlie N. Hurlburt, Harley E. Boyer, Timothy TI Temperature versus salinity gradients below the ocean mixed layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SURFACE-LAYER; BARRIER LAYER; VARIABILITY; DEPTHS; HEAT; SEA; STRATUS; BURSTS AB We characterize the global ocean seasonal variability of the temperature versus salinity gradients in the transition layer just below the mixed layer using observations of conductivity temperature and depth and profiling float data from the National Ocean Data Center's World Ocean Data set. The balance of these gradients determines the temperature versus salinity control at the mixed layer depth (MLD). We define the MLD as the shallowest of the isothermal, isohaline, and isopycnal layer depths (ITLD, IHLD, and IPLD), each with a shared dependence on a 0.2 degrees C temperature offset. Data are gridded monthly using a variational technique that minimizes the squared analysis slope and data misfit. Surface layers of vertically uniform temperature, salinity, and density have substantially different characteristics. By examining differences between IPLD, ITLD, and IHLD, we determine the annual evolution of temperature or salinity or both temperature and salinity vertical gradients responsible for the observed MLD. We find ITLD determines MLD for 63% and IHLD for 14% of the global ocean. The remaining 23% of the ocean has both ITLD and IHLD nearly identical. It is found that temperature tends to control MLD where surface heat fluxes are large and precipitation is small. Conversely, salinity controls MLD where precipitation is large and surface heat fluxes are small. In the tropical ocean, salinity controls MLD where surface heat fluxes can be moderate but precipitation is very large and dominant. C1 [Helber, Robert W.; Kara, A. Birol; Richman, James G.; Carnes, Michael R.; Barron, Charlie N.; Hurlburt, Harley E.] USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Boyer, Timothy] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Helber, RW (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM robert.helber@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 FU Office of Naval Research under Naval Research Laboratory FX This research is funded by the Office of Naval Research under two Naval Research Laboratory projects. The first is the 6.1 program element 61153N The Impact of Spice on Ocean circulation. The second is the 6.2 program element 62435N Full Column Mixing for Numerical Ocean Models. The authors would like to thank three reviewers for helpful comments and J. Dastugue for help with figure graphics. With sadness, the authors report that A. Birol Kara passed away on 14 September 2009. Early work related to this publication was done by Kara and subsequent research has been inspired by his legacy. This paper is contribution NRL/JA/7320-11-0695 and has been approved for public release. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C05006 DI 10.1029/2011JC007382 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 937PI UT WOS:000303670000002 ER PT J AU Dutton, SE Kumar, M Mourigal, M Soos, ZG Wen, JJ Broholm, CL Andersen, NH Huang, Q Zbiri, M Toft-Petersen, R Cava, RJ AF Dutton, S. E. Kumar, M. Mourigal, M. Soos, Z. G. Wen, J. -J. Broholm, C. L. Andersen, N. H. Huang, Q. Zbiri, M. Toft-Petersen, R. Cava, R. J. TI Quantum Spin Liquid in Frustrated One-Dimensional LiCuSbO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE; S=1/2 ANTIFERROMAGNET; CHAINS; LICUVO4 AB A quantum magnet, LiCuSbO4, with chains of edge-sharing spin-1/2 CuO6 octahedra is reported. While short-range order is observed for T < 10 K, no zero-field phase transition or spin freezing occurs down to 100 mK. Specific heat indicates a distinct high-field phase near the 12 T saturation field. Neutron scattering shows incommensurate spin correlations with q = (0.47 +/- 0.01) pi/a and places an upper limit of 70 mu eV on any spin gap. Exact diagonalization of 16-spin easy-plane spin-1/2 chains with competing ferro-and antiferromagnetic interactions (J(1) = -75 K, J(2) = 34 K) accounts for the T > 2 K data. C1 [Dutton, S. E.; Kumar, M.; Soos, Z. G.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mourigal, M.; Wen, J. -J.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mourigal, M.; Wen, J. -J.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mourigal, M.; Zbiri, M.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Andersen, N. H.; Toft-Petersen, R.; Cava, R. J.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dutton, SE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sed33@cam.ac.uk RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Wen, Jiajia/C-5370-2013; Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Mourigal, Martin/F-4495-2010; OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Wen, Jiajia/0000-0002-1651-3578; Mourigal, Martin/0000-0003-2772-8440; Dutton, S E/0000-0003-0984-5504 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-8ER46544] FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of C. Pacheco during the electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. R. J. C. acknowledges support from the Velux Visiting Professor Program during his visit to Riso DTU. The Institut Laue-Langevin facility is acknowledged for providing beam time on the IN6 spectrometer. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Grant No. DE-FG02-8ER46544. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 61 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 3 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 18 AR 187206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.187206 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 937MF UT WOS:000303661900025 PM 22681114 ER PT J AU Wi, S Dominguez, F Durcik, M Valdes, J Diaz, HF Castro, CL AF Wi, Sungwook Dominguez, Francina Durcik, Matej Valdes, Juan Diaz, Henry F. Castro, Christopher L. TI Climate change projection of snowfall in the Colorado River Basin using dynamical downscaling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER-RESOURCES; MODELING SYSTEM; NORTH-AMERICA; TRENDS; SNOWPACK; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; STREAMFLOW; HYDROLOGY AB Recent observations show a decrease in the fraction of precipitation falling as snowfall in the western United States. In this work we evaluate a historical and future climate simulation over the Colorado River Basin using a 35 km continuous 111 year simulation (1969-2079) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model with boundary forcing from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research/Met Office's HadCM3 model with A2 emission scenario. The focus of this work is to (1) evaluate the simulated spatiotemporal variability of snowfall in the historical period when compared to observations and (2) project changes in snowfall and the fraction of precipitation that falls as snow during the 21st century. We find that the spatial variability in modeled snowfall in the historical period (1981-2005) is realistically represented when compared to observations. The trends of modeled snowfall are similar to the observed trends except at higher elevations. Examining the continuous 111 year simulation, we find the future projections show statistically significant increases in temperature with larger increases in the northern part of the basin. There are statistically insignificant increases in precipitation, while snowfall shows a statistically significant decrease throughout the period in all but the highest elevations and latitudes. The fraction of total precipitation falling as snow shows statistically significant declines in all regions. The strongest decrease in snowfall is seen at high elevations in the southern part of the basin and low elevations in the northern part of the basin. The regions of most intense decreases in snow experience a decline of approximately 50% in snowfall throughout the 111 year simulation period. The regions of strongest declines in snowfall roughly correspond to the region of migration of the zero degree Celsius line and emphasize snowfall dependence on both altitude and latitude. C1 [Wi, Sungwook; Valdes, Juan] Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dominguez, Francina; Castro, Christopher L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dominguez, Francina; Durcik, Matej; Valdes, Juan] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wi, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, 1209 E 2nd St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM francina@hwr.arizona.edu RI Durcik, Matej/F-2266-2010; Dominguez, Francina/D-4412-2012 OI Durcik, Matej/0000-0002-7064-961X; FU DOE [DE-SC0001172] FX Francina Dominguez's work is supported by DOE (DE-SC0001172). We acknowledge Richard Jones and Wilfran Moufouma-Okia from the UK Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change for providing the HadCM3 forcing data for the WRF simulation. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. This work has been partially founded by SAHRA (Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement EAR-9876800. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 3 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W05504 DI 10.1029/2011WR010674 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 937RH UT WOS:000303675400002 ER PT J AU Desrosiers, MF Forney, AM Puhl, JM AF Desrosiers, M. F. Forney, A. M. Puhl, J. M. TI A Comparison of Harwell & FWT Alanine Temperature Coefficients from 25 degrees C to 80 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alanine; dosimeter; dosimetry; gamma ray; irradiation temperature; temperature coefficient ID EPR DOSIMETRY SYSTEM; IRRADIATION TEMPERATURE; ACCURACY; ADVANCEMENTS; DEPENDENCE AB The dosimeters used to monitor industrial irradiation processing commonly experience significant temperature rises that must be considered in the dose analysis stage. The irradiation-temperature coefficient for a dosimetry system is derived from the dosimeter's radiation response to the absorbed dose and the irradiation temperature. This temperature coefficient is typically expressed in percent change per degree. The temperature rise in dosimeters irradiated with high-intensity ionizing radiation sources can be appreciable. This is especially true for electron-beam processing in which dosimeter temperatures can approach 80 degrees C. A recent National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) study revealed modest (0.5 % to 1.0 %) deviations from the predicted value at temperatures above 70 degrees C for absorbed doses of 1 kGy and 20 kGy. However, these data were inconsistent with a concurrent manuscript published by National Physical Laboratory (NPL) researchers that found a significant dose-dependent non-linear alanine response but used dosimeters from a different manufacturer and a different experimental design. The current work was undertaken to reconcile the two studies. Alanine dosimeters from each manufacturer used by NIST and NPL were co-irradiated over a wide range of absorbed dose and irradiation temperature. It was found that though there was a slight variation in the temperature coefficient between the two alanine dosimeter sources both systems were linear with irradiation temperature up to 70 degrees C and the NPL observations of non-linearity were not reproduced. These data confirmed that there is no fundamental difference in the two commercial alanine dosimeter sources and that temperature corrections could be made on industrial irradiations at the extremes of irradiation temperature and absorbed dose. C1 [Desrosiers, M. F.; Forney, A. M.; Puhl, J. M.] US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, NIST Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Desrosiers, MF (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, NIST Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marc.desrosiers@nist.gov; anne.forney@nist.gov; james.puhl@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.6028/jres.117.007 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 018YY UT WOS:000309705300001 PM 26900519 ER PT J AU Martin, J AF Martin, Joshua TI Computational Seebeck Coefficient Measurement Simulations SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Finite element analysis; Seebeck coefficient; thermoelectric ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS AB We have employed finite element analysis to develop computational Seebeck coefficient metrology simulations. This approach enables a unique exploration of multiple probe arrangements and measurement techniques within the same temporal domain. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, we have performed these Seebeck coefficient measurement simulations to quantitatively explore perturbations to voltage and temperature correspondence, by comparing simultaneous and staggered data acquisition techniques under the quasi-steady-state condition. The results indicate significant distortions to the Seebeck coefficient and a strong dependence on the time delay, the acquisition sequence, and the probe arrangement. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Measurements Stand & Data Energy Convers Mat Proj, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Measurements Stand & Data Energy Convers Mat Proj, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.martin@nist.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.6028/jres.117.009 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 988VT UT WOS:000307519500001 PM 26900521 ER PT J AU Pernstich, KP AF Pernstich, K. P. TI Instrument Control (iC) - An Open-Source Software to Automate Test Equipment SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Automation; data acquisition; GPIB; Java; open-source; test equipment AB It has become common practice to automate data acquisition from programmable instrumentation, and a range of different software solutions fulfill this task. Many routine measurements require sequential processing of certain tasks, for instance to adjust the temperature of a sample stage, take a measurement, and repeat that cycle for other temperatures. This paper introduces an open-source Java program that processes a series of text-based commands that define the measurement sequence. These commands are in an intuitive format which provides great flexibility and allows quick and easy adaptation to various measurement needs. For each of these commands, the iC-framework calls a corresponding Java method that addresses the specified instrument to perform the desired task. The functionality of iC can be extended with minimal programming effort in Java or Python, and new measurement equipment can be addressed by defining new commands in a text file without any programming. C1 [Pernstich, K. P.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pernstich, K. P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pernstich, KP (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pernstich@alumni.ethz.ch FU Swiss National Science Foundation; NIST; National Institute for Standards and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX The author is grateful for the all-time support of D. J. Gundlach and C. A. Richter. Special thanks to J. Campbell for his idea for generic instruments and to L. Richter for suggesting to include Python. The author acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation, from NIST, and from the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.6028/jres.117.010 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 988VT UT WOS:000307519500002 PM 26900522 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Frame, ER Gulland, F Hansen, JD Kendrick, PS Beyer, RP Bammler, TK Farin, FM Hiolski, EM Smith, DR Marcinek, DJ AF Lefebvre, Kathi A. Frame, Elizabeth R. Gulland, Frances Hansen, John D. Kendrick, Preston S. Beyer, Richard P. Bammler, Theo K. Farin, Frederico M. Hiolski, Emma M. Smith, Donald R. Marcinek, David J. TI A Novel Antibody-Based Biomarker for Chronic Algal Toxin Exposure and Sub-Acute Neurotoxicity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; DOMOIC ACID TOXICOSIS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; CLINICAL SIGNS; HAPTEN; SPECIFICITY; MORTALITY; SHELLFISH; TOXICITY; HEALTH AB The neurotoxic amino acid, domoic acid (DA), is naturally produced by marine phytoplankton and presents a significant threat to the health of marine mammals, seabirds and humans via transfer of the toxin through the foodweb. In humans, acute exposure causes a neurotoxic illness known as amnesic shellfish poisoning characterized by seizures, memory loss, coma and death. Regular monitoring for high DA levels in edible shellfish tissues has been effective in protecting human consumers from acute DA exposure. However, chronic low-level DA exposure remains a concern, particularly in coastal and tribal communities that subsistence harvest shellfish known to contain low levels of the toxin. Domoic acid exposure via consumption of planktivorous fish also has a profound health impact on California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) affecting hundreds of animals yearly. Due to increasing algal toxin exposure threats globally, there is a critical need for reliable diagnostic tests for assessing chronic DA exposure in humans and wildlife. Here we report the discovery of a novel DA-specific antibody response that is a signature of chronic low-level exposure identified initially in a zebrafish exposure model and confirmed in naturally exposed wild sea lions. Additionally, we found that chronic exposure in zebrafish caused increased neurologic sensitivity to DA, revealing that repetitive exposure to DA well below the threshold for acute behavioral toxicity has underlying neurotoxic consequences. The discovery that chronic exposure to low levels of a small, water-soluble single amino acid triggers a detectable antibody response is surprising and has profound implications for the development of diagnostic tests for exposure to other pervasive environmental toxins. C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Frame, Elizabeth R.; Kendrick, Preston S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Beyer, Richard P.; Bammler, Theo K.; Farin, Frederico M.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hiolski, Emma M.; Smith, Donald R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marcinek, David J.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marcinek, David J.] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov OI Marcinek, David/0000-0001-5187-2149 FU NOAA-ECOHAB program; UW NIEHS [P30ES07033]; NIH [AG036606] FX Funding for this research was provided by the NOAA-ECOHAB program. This work was also supported in part by the UW NIEHS sponsored Center for Ecogenetics & Environmental Health (P30ES07033) and NIH AG036606. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 5 AR e36213 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036213 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959US UT WOS:000305341500059 PM 22567140 ER PT J AU Bianchi, D Dunne, JP Sarmiento, JL Galbraith, ED AF Bianchi, Daniele Dunne, John P. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Galbraith, Eric D. TI Data-based estimates of suboxia, denitrification, and N2O production in the ocean and their sensitivities to dissolved O-2 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ZONE; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTH-PACIFIC OCEAN; ARABIAN SEA; FIXED-NITROGEN; MINIMUM ZONE; VARIABILITY; MODEL; CYCLE; FLUX AB Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are major sites of fixed nitrogen removal from the open ocean. However, commonly used gridded data sets such as the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) tend to overestimate the concentration of O-2 compared to measurements in grids where O-2 falls in the suboxic range (O-2 < 2-10 mmol m(-3)), thereby underestimating the extent of O-2 depletion in OMZs. We evaluate the distribution of the OMZs by (1) mapping high-quality oxygen measurements from the WOCE program, and (2) by applying an empirical correction to the gridded WOA based on in situ observations. The resulting suboxic volumes are a factor 3 larger than in the uncorrected gridded WOA. We combine the new oxygen data sets with estimates of global export and simple models of remineralization to estimate global denitrification and N2O production. We obtain a removal of fixed nitrogen of 70 +/- 50 Tg year(-1) in the open ocean and 198 +/- 64 Tg year(-1) in the sediments, and a global N2O production of 6.2 +/- 3.2 Tg year(-1). Our results (1) reconcile water column denitrification rates based on global oxygen distributions with previous estimates based on nitrogen isotopes, (2) revise existing estimates of sediment denitrification down by 1/3(d) through the use of spatially explicit fluxes, and (3) provide independent evidence supporting the idea of a historically balanced oceanic nitrogen cycle. These estimates are most sensitive to uncertainties in the global export production, the oxygen threshold for suboxic processes, and the efficiency of particle respiration under suboxic conditions. Ocean deoxygenation, an expected response to anthropogenic climate change, could increase denitrification by 14 Tg year(-1) of nitrogen per 1 mmol m(-3) of oxygen reduction if uniformly distributed, while leaving N2O production relatively unchanged. C1 [Bianchi, Daniele; Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [Bianchi, Daniele; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Bianchi, D (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. EM daniele.bianchi@mail.mcgill.ca RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232 NR 60 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB2009 DI 10.1029/2011GB004209 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937SA UT WOS:000303677500003 ER PT J AU Jackel, BJ McKiernan, B Singer, HJ AF Jackel, Brian J. McKiernan, Breege Singer, Howard J. TI Geostationary magnetic field response to solar wind pressure variations: Time delay and local time variation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION DELAY; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; DYNAMIC PRESSURE; ULF WAVES AB The relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure changes and geosynchronous magnetic field response is studied using 15 years of OMNI2 and GOES data at 1-minute resolution. Significant magnetospheric response to solar wind-forcing is found to be most frequent near noon (30% of all intervals), and virtually absent on the night-side. The strongest response occurs when IMF B-z is strongly northward and the effect of reducing IMF B-z is most pronounced in the dusk sector. Approximately 25% of dayside B-z variance for related intervals can be attributed to direct response from solar wind dynamic pressure forcing. Time lag between changes in the solar wind at the bow shock nose and similar fluctuations in the magnetosphere at geosynchronous orbit (6.6 Re) is typically 2 to 4 minutes, with responses occurring first in the post-noon sector and approximately 2 minutes later near dawn. The OMNI2 HRO time-shifting algorithm appears to be quite effective, with a slight (2 minute) systematic increase in lag and no increased scatter for the most distant upstream solar wind satellite location. C1 [Jackel, Brian J.; McKiernan, Breege] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jackel, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM bjackel@ucalgary.ca FU Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) FX B. McKiernan was supported by funds from the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). GOES magnetometer data were produced by NOAA/SWPC and obtained from CDAWeb. OMNI2 data were provided by the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) and National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC), based on solar wind and magnetic field observations from the Geotail, Wind, and ACE spacecraft. We thank Joseph King for valuable feedback. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 2 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A05203 DI 10.1029/2011JA017210 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 937PY UT WOS:000303671600002 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA AF Munroe, Thomas A. TI The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE rhombosoleid flatfish; taxonomy; New Zealand endemic fishes; deep-sea flatfish; species re-description; squamation; scale morphology; Azygopus pinnifasciatus; sexual dimorphism ID DEMERSAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES AB Since its description, Azyygopus Norman, 1926 was considered by subsequent authors to be a monotypic genus in the Order Pleuronectiformes comprised only of A. pinnifasciatus Norman, 1926, known from deep waters (90-900 m, usually 200-600 m) off the southern and southeastern coasts of Australia. In 1961, a subspecies, A. pinnifasciatus flemingi Nielsen, was described based on three specimens collected at 610 m in the Tasman Sea off the South Island, New Zealand. From its description to contemporary literature evaluating its status, recognition of A. p. flemingi as a distinct taxon has been rejected by all but two studies reporting on Azygopus from New Zealand waters. Until the late 20th century, specimens of Azygopus had been rarely collected off New Zealand and little was known about these fishes. Over the past 25 years, collecting by scientific expeditions and expanding deep-sea fisheries have captured over 195 specimens of Azygopus from a variety of deep-sea locations around New Zealand. Recently-captured specimens of Azygopus collected around New Zealand and deposited in fish collections have been identified as either A. pinnifasciatus Norman or A. flemingi Nielsen, suggesting the possibility that two species of Azygopus occur in New Zealand waters. This study examined the holotype, a paratype, and 25 non-type specimens of A. pinnifasciatus collected off Australia, and the most comprehensive series of specimens of Azygopus collected from New Zealand waters. These specimens included the holotype and two paratypes of A. p. flemingi and 191 other specimens collected from throughout the entire depth range (153-942 m) and representing wide coverage of geographic areas around New Zealand where Azygopus have been collected. Comparisons of these specimens indicate that a second species, A. flemingi Nielsen, should be recognized in the genus Azygopus, and that this species is the only member of this genus occurring in New Zealand waters. Azygopus flemingi is readily distinguished from A. pinnifasciatus by conspicuous differences in ocular-and blind-side color patterns, in numbers of ocular-side pelvic-fin rays, total vertebrae, lateral-line scales, and gillrakers on the first gill arch, morphology of blind-side scales and squamation patterns, length of blind-side pectoral fins, presence/absence of scales between upper jaw and ventral margin of lower eye, and pigment patterns on dorsal and anal fins of adults. Adult A. flemingi and A. pinnifasciatus are sexually dimorphic in several features. Data on maximum size and size at maturity, and depth of occurrence are summarized for A. flemingi. C1 NMFS NOAA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), NMFS NOAA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, NHB, POB 37012,WC 57,MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM munroet@si.edu FU NMNZ Te Papa; NZ Foundation for Research Science and Technology through the Te Papa Biosystematics of NZ EEZ Fishes within NIWA's Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity OBI [C01X0502] FX I thank members of the fish group at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa for their kind hospitality and assistance during my visits to the fish collection. C. Struthers and A. Stewart located data and references and retrieved catalogue information for specimens of A. flemingi curated at NMNZ; R. Crec'hriou (formerly NMNZ) and J. Barker (NMNZ) provided radiographs. The author also extends his gratitude to the following individuals for their assistance with obtaining data and other information that greatly improved the scope of this study: M. McGrouther and A. Hay (AMS) assisted with information on type specimens, provided the photograph and radiograph of the holotype of A. pinnifasciatus, and also arranged for loan of specimens from the fish collection at AMS; D. Bray (NMV) arranged for loan of specimens of A. pinnifasciatus; M. Lockett (AMS) examined color details and provided counts and measurements of the holotype of A. pinnifasciatus; P. Moller (ZMUC) provided counts, measurements, radiograph, and photograph of the holotype of A. flemingi; G. Shinohara (NSMT) provided catalogue information and radiographs of specimens curated at NSMT; J. Nielsen (ZMUC) provided comments regarding taxonomic decisions made in the original description of A. pinnifasciatus flemingi; T. Trinski provided catalogue information for specimens curated at the Auckland Museum fish collection. Color photographs of fishes used in this study were kindly provided by C. Struthers (NMNZ Te Papa), M. Allen and M. McGrouther (AMS). M. Freeborn (NMNZ) provided illustrations used in the manuscript. C. Struthers and M. Nizinski (NMFS/National Systematics Laboratory) assisted with preparation of figures. C. Struthers prepared the distribution map. M. Francis, NIWA, provided information on abundance from the Ministry of Fisheries research trawl database. K. Graham, Research Associate, AMS, provided information on A. pinnifasciatus distribution and abundance off southeastern Australia. A. Stewart provided helpful comments in his review of a preliminary draft of the manuscript. The author extends his appreciation to C. Roberts, NMNZ Te Papa, for his continued support and for kindly arranging funding to help support this study which was conducted at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa. Partial financial support for this work was provided by the NZ Foundation for Research Science and Technology through the Te Papa Biosystematics of NZ EEZ Fishes subcontract within NIWA's Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity OBI program (contract C01X0502). Thanks to all investigators who retained specimens during their survey work. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 2 PY 2012 IS 3297 BP 1 EP 33 PG 33 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 940JE UT WOS:000303885000001 ER PT J AU Hoef, JMV AF Hoef, Jay M. Ver TI Who Invented the Delta Method? SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE Approximate variance; Bias correction; Limiting distribution; Taylor expansion AB Many statisticians and other scientists use what is commonly called the "delta method." However, few people know who proposed it. The earliest article was found in an obscure journal, and the author is rarely cited for his contribution. This article briefly reviews three modern versions of the delta method and how they are used. Then, some history on the author and the journal of the first known article on the delta method is given. The original author's specific contribution is reproduced, along with a discussion on possible reasons that it has been overlooked. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoef, JMV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jay.verhoef@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service FX This project received financial support from the NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service to the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1080/00031305.2012.687494 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 998ZG UT WOS:000308278300008 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Common omissions and misconceptions of wave propagation in turbulence: discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID BEAM SCINTILLATIONS AB This review paper addresses typical mistakes and omissions that involve theoretical research and modeling of optical propagation through atmospheric turbulence. We discuss the disregard of some general properties of narrow-angle propagation in refractive random media, the careless use of simplified models of turbulence, and omissions in the calculations of the second moment of the propagating wave. We also review some misconceptions regarding short-exposure imaging, propagation of polarized waves, and calculations of the scintillation index of the beam waves. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R PSD 99, Boulder, CO USA. EM Mikhail.charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 29 IS 5 BP 711 EP 721 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 016UK UT WOS:000309544800008 PM 22561929 ER PT J AU Yeo, DH Jones, NP AF Yeo, DongHun Jones, Nicholas P. TI Aerodynamic forces induced by vertically oscillating incoming flow on a yawed horizontal circular cylinder SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamic force; Detached eddy simulation; Oscillating incoming flow; Yawed circular cylinder ID WIND-INDUCED VIBRATION; CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES; OBLIQUE AB Large-amplitude vibrations of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges are an aeroelastic phenomenon caused by an interaction between wind and motion of the cables that is not yet fully explained. Understanding how flow around and the associated forces on an oscillating cable in the across-flow direction are developed interactively is essential to describe the mechanism of cable vibrations. This can ultimately lead to effective mitigation strategies for the large-amplitude vibrations. In this numerical study, using three-dimensional detached eddy simulation (DES), we considered vertically oscillating incoming flow over a stationary, yawed horizontal circular cylinder to investigate the effects of oscillation frequency on flow around and forces on the cylinder. The flow patterns and forces indicate that the incoming and around-cylinder oscillating flows interact significantly. Results showed that the flow around a yawed cylinder develops in different ways depending on the frequency of the incoming flow oscillation, resulting in changed characteristics of flow-induced forces. When incoming flow oscillated at frequencies similar to those of forces generated on the cylinder under uniform incoming flow, along-span flow that generated the low-frequency forces was intensified, i.e., the associated forces were strengthened while preserving their low frequency. However, when the incoming flow oscillated at a frequency close to that of Karman vortex shedding, the along-span flow was suppressed while the Karman vortex shedding phenomenon was strengthened over the whole cylinder length. This study suggests that when an oblique cable oscillates at a low frequency due to oblique wind-induced aerodynamic forces, those forces play an important role in initiating and increasing the vibration at the low frequency. A fluid-structure interaction analysis is planned that will shed more light on the phenomenon studied in this work by considering only the fluid motion. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jones, Nicholas P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, GWC Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Yeo, DH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD MAY-JUL PY 2012 VL 104 SI SI BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.02.032 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 990CS UT WOS:000307609200020 ER PT J AU Lombardo, FT AF Lombardo, Franklin T. TI Improved extreme wind speed estimation for wind engineering applications SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Extreme value estimation; Extreme wind speeds; Synoptic storms; Thunderstorms; Wind climate AB The description of the extreme wind climate is an important step in the process of determining wind loads on structures. Factors that affect the estimation of extreme wind speeds include spatiotemporal data resolution, micrometeorological characterization, and extreme value statistics. Accounting for these factors inadequately can result in estimation differences that can exceed 50%. Issues associated with these factors are explained in detail and improvements in current estimation practice are outlined. Research presented in this paper shows that recent and ongoing progress makes it possible to produce significantly improved extreme wind speed estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lombardo, FT (reprint author), NIST, MS 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM franklin.lombardo@nist.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD MAY-JUL PY 2012 VL 104 SI SI BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.02.025 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 990CS UT WOS:000307609200029 ER PT J AU Chen, C Lakhankar, T Romanov, P Helfrich, S Powell, A Khanbilvardi, R AF Chen, Christine Lakhankar, Tarendra Romanov, Peter Helfrich, Sean Powell, Al Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Validation of NOAA-Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) by Comparison with Ground-Based Measurements over Continental United States SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE snow; IMS; NOAA; NCDC; AVHRR ID MODIS DATA; COVER; VARIABILITY; EXTENT; BASIN AB In this study, daily maps of snow cover distribution and sea ice extent produced by NOAA's interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system (IMS) were validated using in situ snow depth data from observing stations obtained from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) for calendar years 2006 to 2010. IMS provides daily maps of snow and sea ice extent within the Northern Hemisphere using data from combination of geostationary and polar orbiting satellites in visible, infrared and microwave spectrums. Statistical correspondence between the IMS and in situ point measurements has been evaluated assuming that ground measurements are discrete and continuously distributed over a 4 km IMS snow cover maps. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) land and snow classification data are supplemental datasets used in the further analysis of correspondence between the IMS product and in situ measurements. The comparison of IMS maps with in situ snow observations conducted over a period of four years has demonstrated a good correspondence of the data sets. The daily rate of agreement between the products mostly ranges between 80% and 90% during the Northern Hemisphere through the winter seasons when about a quarter to one third of the territory of continental US is covered with snow. Further, better agreement was observed for stations recording higher snow depth. The uncertainties in validation of IMS snow product with stationed NCDC data were discussed. C1 [Chen, Christine; Lakhankar, Tarendra; Romanov, Peter; Khanbilvardi, Reza] NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing & Technol Ctr NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Chen, Christine] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Helfrich, Sean] NOAA, Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC 20395 USA. [Powell, Al] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20395 USA. RP Lakhankar, T (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing & Technol Ctr NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM cchen18@ccny.cuny.edu; tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu; peter.romanov@noaa.gov; Sean.Helfrich@noaa.gov; Al.Powell@noaa.gov; khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under CREST [NA11SEC4810004] FX This study was supported and monitored by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under CREST Grant #NA11SEC4810004. The statements contained within the manuscript/research article are not the opinions of the funding agency or the US Government, but reflect the authors' opinions. The authors are grateful to Glen Liston from CIRA, Colorado State University for providing snow classification data and useful detailed discussion regarding this project. We wish to thanks NSIDC and NOAA for providing the valuable data. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1134 EP 1145 DI 10.3390/rs4051134 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978PR UT WOS:000306757800002 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Clarke, ML Tokumasu, F Lesoine, JF Allen, DW Chang, R Litorja, M Hwang, J AF Lee, Ji Youn Clarke, Matthew L. Tokumasu, Fuyuki Lesoine, John F. Allen, David W. Chang, Robert Litorja, Maritoni Hwang, Jeeseong TI Absorption-Based Hyperspectral Imaging and Analysis of Single Erythrocytes SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Absorption spectra of hemoglobin; endmember analysis; erythrocyte (red blood cell); hyperspectral imaging; label-free molecular imaging; scattering signature; sequential maximum angle convex cone (SMACC) algorithm; spectral light engine ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA PIGMENT; HEMOZOIN; SYSTEM AB We report an absorption-based hyperspectral imaging and analysis technique to resolve unique physicochemical characteristics of subcellular substances in single erythrocytes. We constructed a microscope system installed with a spectral light engine capable of controlling the spectral shape of the illumination light by a digital micromirror device. The hyperspectral imaging system and the sequential maximum angle convex cone algorithm allow us to extract unique spectral signatures (i.e., endmembers) for different types of hemoglobin, such as oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and hemozoin, and scatter from cell membrane in single erythrocytes. Further statistical endmember analysis, conducted on the hyperspectral image data, provides the abundances of specific endmembers, which can be used to build intracellular maps of the distribution of substances of interest. In addition, we perform modeling based on Mie theory to explain the scattering signatures as a function of scattering angle. The developed imaging and analysis technique enables label-free molecular imaging of endogenous biomarkers in single erythrocytes in order to build oxymetric standards on a cellular level and ultimately for in vivo as well. C1 [Lee, Ji Youn; Clarke, Matthew L.; Lesoine, John F.; Allen, David W.; Chang, Robert; Litorja, Maritoni; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tokumasu, Fuyuki] NIH, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiyoun.lee@nist.gov; matthew.clarke@nist.gov; ftokumasu@niaid.nih.gov; john.lesoine@nist.gov; david.allen@nist.gov; robert.chang@nist.gov; maritoni.litorja@nist.gov; jch@nist.gov OI Tokumasu, Fuyuki/0000-0003-2790-1071 FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program on Optical Medical Imaging; Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIH (NIBIB)/NIST; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program on Optical Medical Imaging and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH. J. Y. Lee and M. L. Clarke contributed equally to this work.; The authors would like to thank Dr. D. Samarov, Dr. A. Possolo, Dr. E. Shirley, Dr. Y. J. Lee, and Dr. K. Briggman for useful discussions and valuable comments on this manuscript. This research was performed while J. Y. Lee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIH (NIBIB)/NIST, and J. F. Lesoine and R. Chang held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1130 EP 1139 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2164239 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 975PW UT WOS:000306524300011 ER PT J AU Barton, A Hales, B Waldbusser, GG Langdon, C Feely, RA AF Barton, Alan Hales, Burke Waldbusser, George G. Langdon, Chris Feely, Richard A. TI The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; WASHINGTON-STATE; EASTERN OYSTER; LARVAL SHELL; WILLAPA BAY; SEAWATER; CALCIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; FUTURE AB We report results from an oyster hatchery on the Oregon coast, where intake waters experienced variable carbonate chemistry (aragonite saturation state < 0.8 to > 3.2; pH < 7.6 to > 8.2) in the early summer of 2009. Both larval production and midstage growth (similar to 120 to similar to 150 mu m) of the oyster Crassostrea gigas were significantly negatively correlated with the aragonite saturation state of waters in which larval oysters were spawned and reared for the first 48 h of life. The effects of the initial spawning conditions did not have a significant effect on early-stage growth (growth from D-hinge stage to similar to 120 mm), suggesting a delayed effect of water chemistry on larval development. C1 [Hales, Burke; Waldbusser, George G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barton, Alan] Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Assoc, Emerald Isle, NC USA. [Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries, Newport, OR USA. [Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Wildlife & Coastal Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hales, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bhales@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Waldbusser, George/0000-0002-8334-580X FU Pacific Shellfish Institute; Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association; National Science Foundation [OCE-1041267] FX We thank Sue Cudd and Mark Wiegert, owners and operators of the Whiskey Creek Hatchery, for their assistance with developing a sampling program at the hatchery and for sharing their operational and production data with us. This work was supported by the Pacific Shellfish Institute, through efforts led by Andrew Suhrbier, and the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association, through efforts led by Robin Downey. Conversations with Alan Trimble were greatly instructive in building our understanding of the local shellfish environment and ecology. National Science Foundation grant OCE-1041267 supported G.G.W., and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acidification Program supported R. A. F. in preparation of this manuscript. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution number 3720. Two anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments that greatly improved the final manuscript. NR 57 TC 149 Z9 154 U1 14 U2 167 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3 BP 698 EP 710 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 971XJ UT WOS:000306239300003 ER PT J AU Chapman, IT Liu, YQ Asunta, O Graves, JP Johnson, T Jucker, M AF Chapman, I. T. Liu, Y. Q. Asunta, O. Graves, J. P. Johnson, T. Jucker, M. TI Kinetic damping of resistive wall modes in ITER SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA ROTATION; DIII-D; STABILIZATION; TOKAMAK; KINK; OPERATION AB Full drift kinetic modelling including finite orbit width effects has been used to assess the passive stabilisation of the resistive wall mode (RWM) that can be expected in the ITER advanced scenario. At realistic plasma rotation frequency, the thermal ions have a stabilising effect on the RWM, but the stability limit remains below the target plasma pressure to achieve Q = 5. However, the inclusion of damping arising from the fusion-born alpha particles, the NBI ions, and ICRH fast ions extends the RWM stability limit above the target beta for the advanced scenario. The fast ion damping arises primarily from finite orbit width effects and is not due to resonance between the particle frequencies and the instability. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714877] C1 [Chapman, I. T.; Liu, Y. Q.] EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Asunta, O.] Aalto Univ, Assoc EURATOM Tekes, Dept Appl Phys, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Graves, J. P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Johnson, T.] KTH, EES, EURATOM VR Assoc, Stockholm, Sweden. [Jucker, M.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Chapman, IT (reprint author), EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RI Jucker, Martin/C-3914-2014 OI Jucker, Martin/0000-0002-4227-315X FU RCUK [EP/I501045]; European Communities FX This work was partly funded by the RCUK Energy Programme under Grant EP/I501045 and the European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Simulations by M.J. have been performed on the Monte Rosa Cray XE6 supercomputer at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) in Manno, Switzerland. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2012 VL 19 IS 5 AR 052502 DI 10.1063/1.4714877 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 952YB UT WOS:000304831100017 ER PT J AU Zingone, A Berdalet, E Bienfang, P Enevoldsen, H Evans, J Kudela, R Tester, P AF Zingone, Adriana Berdalet, Elisa Bienfang, Paul Enevoldsen, Henrik Evans, Jacqueline Kudela, Raphael Tester, Patricia TI Harmful algae in benthic systems: A GEOHAB core research program SO CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE GEOHAB; HABs; harmful algae; Ostreopsis; Gambierdiscus; ecology ID GAMBIERDISCUS; OSTREOPSIS; DINOPHYCEAE; TAXONOMY AB Harmful events caused by benthic microalgae have recently garnered a high level of attention in temperate areas, upon reports of Ostreopsis species causing fauna damage, food intoxication and respiratory illness. A resurgence of interest has also occurred in ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), a syndrome associated with the consumption of reef fish contaminated by ciguatoxins produced by the dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus in tropical and subtropical areas. To foster research on events caused by benthic microalgae, the SCOR-IOC Global Ecology and Oceanography on Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) program started a Core Research Project on Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms (BHABs). During an Open Science Meeting (OSM) in 2010, scientists studying benthic and planktonic microalgae identified the main gaps of knowledge and the research, technology and infrastructure needs in the field of the ecology and oceanography of BHABs. The issues addressed during the OSM covered the state of taxonomy, sampling methods, biogeography, genetic diversity, ecology and ecophysiology of BHABs, along with the identification of research priorities and approaches to be taken in order to improve understanding and prediction of BHABs. C1 [Zingone, Adriana] Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy. [Berdalet, Elisa] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. [Bienfang, Paul] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Enevoldsen, Henrik] IOC Sci & Commun Ctr Harmful Algae, Copenhaguen, Denmark. [Kudela, Raphael] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Tester, Patricia] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Zingone, A (reprint author), Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy. EM adriana.zingone@szn.it RI Zingone, Adriana/E-4518-2010; BERDALET, ELISA/K-6956-2014 OI Zingone, Adriana/0000-0001-5946-6532; BERDALET, ELISA/0000-0003-1123-9706 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0181-1568 J9 CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOL JI Cryptogam. Algol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 969GG UT WOS:000306043100020 ER PT J AU Van Dolan, FM Fire, SE Leighfield, TA Mikulski, CM Doucette, GJ AF Van Dolan, Frances M. Fire, Spencer E. Leighfield, Tod A. Mikulski, Christina M. Doucette, Gregory J. TI Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish by Receptor Binding Assay: Collaborative Study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID POISONING TOXINS; MOUSE BIOASSAY; VALIDATION AB A collaborative study was conducted on a microplate format receptor binding assay (RBA) for paralytic shellfish toxins (PST). The assay quantifies the composite PST toxicity in shellfish samples based on the ability of sample extracts to compete with H-3 saxitoxin (STX) diHCl for binding to voltage-gated sodium channels in a rat brain membrane preparation. Quantification of binding can be carried out using either a microplate or traditional scintillation counter; both end points were included in this study. Nine laboratories from six countries completed the study. One laboratory analyzed the samples using the precolumn oxidation HPLC method (AOAC Method 2005.06) to determine the STX congener composition. Three laboratories performed the mouse bioassay (AOAC Method 959.08). The study focused on the ability of the assay to measure the PST toxicity of samples below, near, or slightly above the regulatory limit of 800 (mu g STX diHCl equiv./kg). A total of 21 shellfish homogenates were extracted in 0.1 M HCl, and the extracts were analyzed by RBA in three assays on separate days. Samples included naturally contaminated shellfish samples of different species collected from several geographic regions, which contained varying STX congener profiles due to their exposure to different PST-producing dinoflagellate species or differences in toxin metabolism: blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) from the U.S. east and west coasts, California mussel (Mytilus califomianus) from the U.S. west coast, chorito mussel (Mytilus chiliensis) from Chile, green mussel (Perna canaliculus) from New Zealand, Atlantic surf clam (Spisula solidissima) from the U.S. east coast, butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea) from the west coast of the United States, almeja clam (Venus antique) from Chile, and Atlantic sea scallop (Plactopecten magellanicus) from the U.S. east coast. All samples were provided as whole animal homogenates, except Atlantic sea scallop and green mussel, from which only the hepatopancreas was homogenized. Among the naturally contaminated samples, five were blind duplicates used for calculation of RSDr. The interlaboratory RSDR of the assay for 21 samples tested in nine laboratories was 33.1%, yielding a HorRat value of 2.0. Removal of results for one laboratory that reported systematically low values resulted in an average RSDR of 28.7% and average HorRat value of 1.8. Intralaboratory RSDr, based on five blind duplicate samples tested in separate assays, was 25.1%. RSDr obtained by individual laboratories ranged from 11.8 to 34.9%. Laboratories that are routine users of the assay performed better than nonroutine users, with an average RSDr of 17.1%. Recovery of STX from spiked shellfish homogenates was 88.1-93.3%. Correlation with the mouse bioassay yielded a slope of 1.64 and correlation coefficient (r(2)) of 0.84, while correlation with the precolumn oxidation HPLC method yielded a slope of 1.20 and an r(2) of 0.92. When samples were sorted according to increasing toxin concentration (mu g STX diHCl equiv./kg) as assessed by the mouse bioassay, the RBA returned no false negatives relative to the 800 mu g STX diHCl equiv./kg regulatory limit for shellfish. Currently, no validated methods other than the mouse bioassay directly measure a composite toxic potency for PST in shellfish. The results of this interlaboratory study demonstrate that the RBA is suitable for the routine determination of PST in shellfish in appropriately equipped laboratories. C1 [Van Dolan, Frances M.; Fire, Spencer E.; Leighfield, Tod A.; Mikulski, Christina M.; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Van Dolan, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Fran.vandolah@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X FU International Atomic Energy Agency Interregional Project [INT7017 9001]; NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program [02E0017] FX This project was funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency Interregional Project INT7017 9001 and NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program Project 02E0017. FDA saxitoxin diHCl used for tritiation by IICH and SIX diHCl reference standard (NIST RM 8642) were provided by Sherwood Hall, FDA Office of Seafoods. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 25 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 795 EP 812 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.CS2011_27 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 960CW UT WOS:000305366600027 PM 22816272 ER PT J AU Forcada, J Trathan, PN Boveng, PL Boyd, IL Burns, JM Costa, DP Fedak, M Rogers, TL Southwell, CJ AF Forcada, Jaume Trathan, Philip N. Boveng, Peter L. Boyd, Ian L. Burns, Jennifer M. Costa, Daniel P. Fedak, Michael Rogers, Tracey L. Southwell, Colin J. TI Responses of Antarctic pack-ice seals to environmental change and increasing krill fishing SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Antarctic pack-ice seals; Climate change; Fisheries management; Habitat change; Krill; Uncertainty ID CRAB-EATER SEALS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; EAST ANTARCTICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCOTIA SEA; POPULATION-CHANGES; HYDRURGA-LEPTONYX; HABITAT SELECTION; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR AB The compound effects of changing habitats, ecosystem interactions, and fishing practices have implications for the management of Antarctic krill and conservation of its predators. For Antarctic pack-ice seals, an important group of krill predators, we estimate the density and krill consumption in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP)-Western Weddell Sea area, the main fishery region; and we consider long-term changes in suitable pack-ice habitat, increased fishing pressure and potential krill declines based upon predictions from declines in sea ice cover. More than 3 million crabeater seals consumed over 12 million tonnes of krill each year. This was approximately 17% of the krill standing stock. The highest densities of pack ice seals where found in the WAP, including in its small-scale fishery management areas, where apparently suitable seal habitat has declined by 21-28% over a 30 year period, where krill density is likely to have declined, and fishing has increased. The highest seal density was found in the Marguerite Bay area which is a source of krill for the Antarctic Peninsula and elsewhere. Significant sea-ice loss since 1979 has already occurred, leading to open water and possible expansion for the fishery in the future. These factors may combine to potentially reduce food for pack ice seals. Therefore, high uncertainty in krill and seal stock trends and in their environmental drivers call for a precautionary management of the krill fishery, in the absence of survey data to support management based on specific conservation objectives for pack-ice seals. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Forcada, Jaume; Trathan, Philip N.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Boyd, Ian L.; Fedak, Michael] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Burns, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Rogers, Tracey L.] Univ New S Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch BEES, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Southwell, Colin J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm Water Heritage & Arts, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. RP Forcada, J (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM jfor@bas.ac.uk RI Fedak, Michael/B-3987-2009; Burns, Jennifer/C-4159-2013 OI Fedak, Michael/0000-0002-9569-1128; Rogers, Tracey/0000-0002-7141-4177; FU Natural Environment Research Council; BAS core science programme; US National Science Foundation [OPP-9815961]; National Science Foundation [ANT-0440687, ANT-0840375, ANT-0838937] FX We thank a large number of people who participated or assisted in the preparation and development of the survey and data collation. We thank Dr. Lesley Thompson and the pilots of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) air unit for their work. The Natural Environment Research Council funded the survey, and this analysis was funded as part of the BAS core science programme. Crabeater seal instrumentation was carried out under permits of the Commonwealth of Australia Antarctic Seals Conservation Regulations and was approved by the Antarctic Animal Ethics Committee. Leopard seal handling was authorized and endorsed by the Australian Antarctic Science Animal Care and Ethics Committee No. 1144. This work was partly supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grant OPP-9815961, and additional work in the Antarctic Peninsula was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants ANT-0440687, ANT-0840375, ANT-0838937, and ANT-0440687. This manuscript is contribution No. 716 to the US GLOBEC programme. NR 73 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 19 U2 152 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 149 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.002 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 964UY UT WOS:000305723400006 ER PT J AU Ablett, JM Wilson, CJ Phuong, NM Koike, J Tokei, Z Sterbinsky, GE Woicik, JC AF Ablett, James M. Wilson, Christopher J. Nguyen Mai Phuong Koike, Junichi Tokei, Zsolt Sterbinsky, George E. Woicik, Joseph C. TI Characterization of Chemically Vapor Deposited Manganese Barrier Layers Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Chemical vapor deposition of manganese (CVD-Mn) on silicon dielectrics allows the growth of manganese silicate/oxide for use as an effective barrier material for Cu interconnects and is currently under intense evaluation for integration into future sub-22 nm technology. Employing fluorescence X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements, we explore the chemical and structural makeup of the barrier layer formation on both SiO2 and low-k dielectrics. (C) 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Ablett, James M.] Synchrotron Soleil, Lorme Merisiers, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Wilson, Christopher J.; Tokei, Zsolt] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Nguyen Mai Phuong; Koike, Junichi] Tohoku Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Sterbinsky, George E.; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Synchrotron Soleil, Lorme Merisiers, BP 48, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM james.ablett@synchrotron-soleil.fr FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 29 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 51 IS 5 SI SI AR 05EB01 DI 10.1143/JJAP.51.05EB01 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 965WJ UT WOS:000305797900007 ER PT J AU Phelps, AV Clementson, J AF Phelps, A. V. Clementson, J. TI Interpretation of EUV emissions observed by Mills et al. SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID HYDRINO CONTINUUM TRANSITIONS; 10.1 NM; CUTOFFS; DISCHARGE; SPECTRUM; IONS AB An explanation of the so-called hydrino continuum emissions proposed by Mills and Lu, most recently in [Eur. Phys. J. D 64, 65 (2011)], is presented using conventional atomic, plasma, and discharge physics. It is argued that the observed EUV emissions during their pulsed discharges originate from transitions in ions sputtered or evaporated from the electrodes. Such an interpretation removes their justification for the introduction of hydrino particles. C1 [Phelps, A. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clementson, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Phelps, AV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM avp@jila.colorado.edu FU JILA; United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA-27344] FX The work of A. V. P. was supported in part by JILA. The work of J.C. was preformed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA-27344. A. V. P. thanks B. W. Bach, B. W. Bach Jr., P. Beiersdorfer, S. Fuelling, and E. Wilkinson for helpful discussions of the properties of EUV spectrometers. He also thanks A. Gallagher for helpful discussions and reviewing the manuscript. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD MAY PY 2012 VL 66 IS 5 AR 120 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2012-30114-5 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 958NJ UT WOS:000305245400029 ER PT J AU Weilnboeck, F Kumar, N Oehrlein, GS Chung, TY Graves, D Li, M Hudson, EA Benck, EC AF Weilnboeck, F. Kumar, N. Oehrlein, G. S. Chung, T. -Y. Graves, D. Li, M. Hudson, E. A. Benck, E. C. TI Real-time measurements of plasma photoresist modifications: The role of plasma vacuum ultraviolet radiation and ions SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID 193 NM PHOTORESIST; SURFACE INTERACTIONS; ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; C4F8/AR DISCHARGES; POLYMERS; DEGRADATION; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; DEPENDENCE AB Plasma-induced roughness development of photoresist (PR) can be due to synergistic interactions of surface modifications introduced by ions, bulk material modifications by ultraviolet (UV)/vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation, and increased temperature. While previous work identified the individual contributions of energetic ions and UV/VUV radiation, the dynamics of the concurrent modifications remained unclear. The authors studied the interactions of plasma radiation and ions with 193 nm PR and 248 nm PR in Ar plasma by in situ ellipsometry. Ellipsometry provides valuable information on changes in film thickness and material optical properties in real-time during plasma processing. MgF2, sapphire, and glass optical filters were used to reduce the plasma-material interactions to the radiation component of a selected wavelength range in the UV/VUV spectral region. Ar plasma radiation and its transmission through different optical filters were characterized by VUV spectroscopy. This characterization allowed for the identification of the relative contribution of specific wavelength ranges to the overall material modification in direct plasmas. Exposure of 193 nm PR to plasma UV/VUV radiation led to film thickness reduction and an increase in the refractive index ((N) over tilde) which was enhanced for shorter wavelengths. For direct plasma exposure at low maximum ion energy (E-ion <= 25 eV), radiation effects dominated and bulk material modifications saturated after approximate to 30 s. By comparison, for 248 nm PR film thickness reduction and increase of (N) over tilde were modest and were only seen for UV/VUV exposure with wavelength lower than 142 nm. Both material surfaces remained relatively smooth during 60 s exposure to plasma radiation (0.3-0.6 nm RMS roughness) independent of radiation wavelengths used. For direct Ar plasma exposure involving energetic ion bombardment (E-ion <= 125 eV), a graphitic surface layer was established within 3-5 s. During this time period approximate to 30% of the saturation UV/VUV modification in the material bulk of 193 nm PR were reached, which corresponds to a 60 nm thick soft layer underneath the ion crust. For 248 nm PR less than 20% of the bulk material modification that were established in 60 s were reached during formation of the ion-crust. This corresponds to a approximate to 4 nm thick hard layer underneath the ion-modified surface. This shows that for 193 nm PR, bulk material modifications by plasma UV/VUV radiation were fast and contributed significantly to the overall material modification in the first seconds of plasma exposure, whereas UV/VUV modifications of 248 nm PR were slow and small. This material specific difference in the dynamics of material modification was in good agreement with 193 nm PR developing much higher surface roughness (approximate to 6.0 nm) than 248 nm PR (approximate to 1.6 nm) during 60 s exposure to plasma exposures involving both UV/VUV radiation and energetic ion bombardment. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3697752] C1 [Weilnboeck, F.; Kumar, N.; Oehrlein, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Weilnboeck, F.; Kumar, N.; Oehrlein, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chung, T. -Y.; Graves, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, M.] Dow Elect Mat, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. [Hudson, E. A.] Lam Res Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. [Benck, E. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weilnboeck, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0705953] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMR-0705953. The authors thank R.L. Bruce, M.-S. Kuo, E. Bartis, N. Fox-Lyon, D. Metzler, and S. Shachar for helpful discussions and support of the project. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 3 AR 031807 DI 10.1116/1.3697752 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 955SU UT WOS:000305042000037 ER PT J AU Gentile, TR Bales, M Arp, U Dong, B Farrell, R AF Gentile, T. R. Bales, M. Arp, U. Dong, B. Farrell, R. TI Response of large area avalanche photodiodes to low energy x rays SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID INTENSE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PHOTON DETECTION; SURF-III; PERFORMANCE; NEUTRON AB For an experiment to study neutron radiative beta-decay, we operated large area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) near liquid nitrogen temperature to detect x rays with energies between 0.2 keV and 20 keV. Whereas there are numerous reports of x ray spectrometry using APDs at energies above 1 keV, operation near liquid nitrogen temperature allowed us to reach a nominal threshold of 0.1 keV. However, due to the short penetration depth of x rays below 1 keV, the pulse height spectrum of the APD become complex. We studied the response using monochromatic x ray beams and employed phenomenological fits of the pulse height spectrum to model the measurement of a continuum spectrum from a synchrotron. In addition, the measured pulse height spectrum was modelled using a profile for the variation in efficiency of collection of photoelectrons with depth into the APD. The best results are obtained with the collection efficiency model. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714348] C1 [Gentile, T. R.; Arp, U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bales, M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Dong, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sotera Def Solut Inc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Farrell, R.] RMD Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), NIST, Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank P. Shaw, A. Farrell, and the entire SURF III staff for calculations of the SURF spectra and assistance with the measurements, K. Moy for assistance with the U3C measurements, Lee Richter for determination of the oxide layer thickness by ellipsometry, P. Shaw and M. S. Dewey for critical reading of the paper, and the entire neutron radiative decay collaboration for discussions. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 83 IS 5 AR 053105 DI 10.1063/1.4714348 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 952VM UT WOS:000304821500006 PM 22667600 ER PT J AU Lesoine, JF Lee, JY Krogmeier, JR Kang, H Clarke, ML Chang, R Sackett, DL Nossal, R Hwang, J AF Lesoine, John F. Lee, Ji Youn Krogmeier, Jeffrey R. Kang, Hyeonggon Clarke, Matthew L. Chang, Robert Sackett, Dan L. Nossal, Ralph Hwang, Jeeseong TI Quantitative scheme for full-field polarization rotating fluorescence microscopy using a liquid crystal variable retarder SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE ORIENTATIONS; MEMBRANE; SPECTROSCOPY; MICRODOMAINS AB We present a quantitative scheme for full-field polarization rotating fluorescence microscopy. A quarter-wave plate, in combination with a liquid crystal variable retarder, provides a tunable method to rotate polarization states of light prior to its being coupled into a fluorescence microscope. A calibration of the polarization properties of the incident light is performed in order to correct for elliptical polarization states. This calibration allows the response of the sample to linear polarization states of light to be recovered. Three known polarization states of light can be used to determine the average fluorescent dipole orientations in the presence of a spatially varying dc offset or background polarization-invariant fluorescence signal. To demonstrate the capabilities of this device, we measured a series of full-field fluorescence polarization images from fluorescent analogs incorporated in the lipid membrane of Burkitts lymphoma CA46 cells. The fluorescent lipid-like analogs used in this study are molecules that are labeled by either a DiI (1,1'-Dioctadecyl 3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine) fluorophore in its head group or a Bodipy (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) molecule in its acyl chain. A spatially varying contrast in the normalized amplitude was observed on the cell surface, where the orientation of the DiI molecules is tangential to the cell membrane. The internally labeled cellular structures showed zero response to changes in linear polarization, and the net linear polarization amplitude for these regions was zero. This instrument provides a low cost calibrated method that may be coupled to existing fluorescence microscopes to perform investigations of cellular processes that involve a change in molecular orientations. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4717682] C1 [Lesoine, John F.; Lee, Ji Youn; Krogmeier, Jeffrey R.; Kang, Hyeonggon; Clarke, Matthew L.; Chang, Robert; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Ji Youn; Sackett, Dan L.; Nossal, Ralph] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jch@nist.gov FU NIST; NIH (NIBIB)/NIST; National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH FX The authors thank Dr. Maritoni Litorja, Dr. David Allen, Dr. Eric Shirley, and Dr. Kimberly Briggman at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Fuyuki Tokumasu at National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for helpful discussions and suggestions. This research was supported by NIST Innovative Measurement Science program on optical medical imaging. This research was performed while J.L. and J.R.K. held National Research Council Research Associateships supported by NIH (NIBIB)/NIST. Funding for these awards was provided by the intramural program of the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH. J.F.L. held a National Research Council Research Associateship supported by NIST. D. S. and R.N. were supported by intramural funds of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials and instruments are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 83 IS 5 AR 053705 DI 10.1063/1.4717682 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 952VM UT WOS:000304821500029 PM 22667623 ER PT J AU Villanueva, W Boettinger, WJ McFadden, GB Warren, JA AF Villanueva, W. Boettinger, W. J. McFadden, G. B. Warren, J. A. TI A diffuse-interface model of reactive wetting with intermetallic formation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Reactive wetting; Navier-Stokes flow; Multicomponent and multiphase model; Phase-field method; Intermetallic formation ID DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; KINETICS; SOLIDIFICATION; STABILITY; PROGRESS; SYSTEMS AB A diffuse-interface model of reactive wetting with intermetallic formation is developed that incorporates fluid flow, phase change and solute diffusion. The model is based on the total molar Gibbs energy of a ternary system with four phases. Numerical simulations were performed using a mesh-adaptive finite element method, revealing the complex behavior of the reactive wetting process. The model was verified against equilibrium states derived from the classical phase diagram and from interface energy considerations. Dynamic results show that the intermetallic can either precede or follow the spreading liquid droplet, depending on the time and the choice of interface energy and kinetic coefficients. Despite this difference, the spreading rate was not affected for the cases considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Villanueva, W.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Boettinger, W. J.; Warren, J. A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walterv@kth.se; william.boettin-ger@nist.gov; geoffrey.mcfadden@nist.gov; james.warren@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 60 IS 9 BP 3799 EP 3814 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.03.047 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 953CL UT WOS:000304844400013 ER PT J AU Godin, OA Goncharov, VV Zabotin, NA AF Godin, O. A. Goncharov, V. V. Zabotin, N. A. TI Passive ocean acoustic tomography SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREENS-FUNCTIONS; AMBIENT NOISE; EMERGENCE; WAVES; ZONE AB The possibility to apply natural acoustic ocean noise in the ocean and noise of distant vessels as sounding signals in order to determine the physical parameters of a water layer is considered in this paper. We developed the methods making it possible to suppress the non-diffuse components of noise produced, e.g., by local vessels and to account for hydrophone motion. These methods are applied to the noise records obtained in the course of a year-long experiment on long-range sound propagation in the Pacific Ocean. We confirmed experimentally our theoretical predictions as to the possibility of retrieving deterministic acoustic ray travel times in a nonuniform environment from a mutual correlation function of imperfectly diffuse (gradually anisotropic and spatially nonuniform) noise without invoking any data on its source. We performed passive measurements of sound velocity in the ocean with a relative error of about 0.1% by correlation of noise fields recorded with vertical aerials. This accuracy approaches that needed for oceanological applications. Further investigations are necessary to study the feasibility of passive acoustic tomography and thermometry in the ocean at distances of tens and hundreds of kilometers and the possibility to use simpler arrays not equipped with hydrophone positioning systems. C1 [Godin, O. A.; Zabotin, N. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, O. A.; Zabotin, N. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Goncharov, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov; Nikolay.A.Zabotin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0100]; U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation [RUP1-2978-MO-10]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-05-92515-IK_a] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (project no. N00014-08-1-0100), the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (project no. RUP1-2978-MO-10), and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 10-05-92515-IK_a). NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 444 IS 1 BP 606 EP 609 DI 10.1134/S1028334X12050029 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 953LX UT WOS:000304870400013 ER PT J AU Bai, M Miskowiec, A Hansen, FY Taub, H Jenkins, T Tyagi, M Diallo, SO Mamontov, E Herwig, KW Wang, SK AF Bai, M. Miskowiec, A. Hansen, F. Y. Taub, H. Jenkins, T. Tyagi, M. Diallo, S. O. Mamontov, E. Herwig, K. W. Wang, S. -K. TI Study of water diffusion on single-supported bilayer lipid membranes by quasielastic neutron scattering SO EPL LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATION; STATE AB High-energy-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering has been used to elucidate the diffusion of water molecules in proximity to single bilayer lipid membranes supported on a silicon substrate. By varying sample temperature, level of hydration, and deuteration, we identify three different types of diffusive water motion: bulk-like, confined, and bound. The motion of bulk-like and confined water molecules is fast compared to those bound to the lipid head groups (7-10 H2O molecules per lipid), which move on the same nanosecond time scale as H atoms within the lipid molecules. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2012 C1 [Bai, M.; Miskowiec, A.; Hansen, F. Y.; Taub, H.; Wang, S. -K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bai, M.; Miskowiec, A.; Hansen, F. Y.; Taub, H.; Wang, S. -K.] Univ Missouri, Univ Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jenkins, T.; Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Diallo, S. O.; Mamontov, E.; Herwig, K. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hansen, F. Y.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Wang, S. -K.] Ctr Comprehens Canc, Palm Springs, CA 92263 USA. RP Bai, M (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM taubh@missouri.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0705974, DGE-1069091]; NSF [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. DMR-0705974 and DGE-1069091 and utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under agreement No. DMR-0944772. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank DAN A. NEUMANN and IOAN KOSZTIN for helpful discussions. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD MAY PY 2012 VL 98 IS 4 AR 48006 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/98/48006 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 953XO UT WOS:000304907300046 ER PT J AU Shuler, AJ Paternoster, J Brim, M Nowocin, K Tisdale, T Neller, K Cahill, JA Leighfield, TA Fire, S Wang, ZH Morton, S AF Shuler, Andrew J. Paternoster, Jeffrey Brim, Matthew Nowocin, Kimberly Tisdale, Templeton Neller, Kathleen Cahill, Julie A. Leighfield, Tod A. Fire, Spencer Wang, Zhihong Morton, Steve TI Spatial and temporal trends of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia in the Southeastern Atlantic United States SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Pseudo-nitzschia, Domoic acid; Southeast; Volunteer monitoring ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; PHYTOPLANKTON; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; SEAWATER; BLOOM; IRON AB Data collected by NOAA Phytoplankton Monitoring Network volunteers, from the beginning of the program (2001) through 2010, was used to assess the spatial and temporal trends of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. from North Carolina through northern Florida along the southeastern US coastline. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was present from North Carolina to Florida, and was most common in North and South Carolina. Across the majority of the Atlantic southeast US, the highest rates of occurrence were observed in late summer, early fall, with most areas experiencing the lowest rate of occurrence in the spring. The Outer Banks of North Carolina, however, experienced a peak of occurrence in late winter to early spring in addition to a late summer, early fall peak. Pseudo-nitzschia was found in temperatures ranging from less than 5 degrees C to 35 degrees C and salinities from 5 to 37. Six unique bloom events were documented during this period of nine years, three of which contained detectable levels of domoic acid. The majority of these bloom events and all of the toxic events occurred in the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Given the extent and intensity of coverage afforded by the NOAA PMN, this program provides the optimal approach to not only assess past trends but to monitor environmental changes and emerging trends in the dynamics of this toxigenic species. Understanding the dynamics of this species allows resource managers to better predict the threats associated with domoic acid. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shuler, Andrew J.; Paternoster, Jeffrey; Brim, Matthew; Nowocin, Kimberly; Cahill, Julie A.; Leighfield, Tod A.; Fire, Spencer; Wang, Zhihong; Morton, Steve] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Tisdale, Templeton] S Carolina State Univ, Orangeburg, SC 29117 USA. [Neller, Kathleen] First Flight High Sch, Kill Devil Hills, NC 27948 USA. [Cahill, Julie A.] N Carolina Ecosyst Enhancement Program, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Morton, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM steve.morton@noaa.gov RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X FU NOAA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The authors would like to thank all the volunteers that have contributed data to the NOAA Phytoplankton Monitoring Network, specifically the Grand Strand Master Gardner's Association in Myrtle Beach, SC. As well as Marcella Turonis and the following First Flight High School "Phyto-finders;" Leslie Home, Chelsea Elwang, Shawn Ruzzi, Jessica Kimsey, Aubrey Briggman, Logan Wilkerson, Caren Letchford, Katie Godwin, Kayla Gibbs, LeeAnn Swanner, Ryan Krall, Sara Ritenour, Kealey Newton, Kate Carbocci, Kaitlyn Allsbrook, Jonelle Watson,Tyler Stublin, Justin Robey, and Lauren Nelson. The authors would also like to thank the staff of the National Coastal Data Development Center for developing, maintaining, and operating the PMN database. Funding for the NOAA PMN is provided by NOAA base funds and grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAY PY 2012 VL 17 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2012.02.007 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 952MR UT WOS:000304797100002 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Xu, JJ AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Xu, Jianjun TI Assessment of the relationship between the combined solar cycle/ENSO forcings and the tropopause temperature SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tropopause temperature; Solar cycle; ENSO ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; PACIFIC; REGION; OZONE; REANALYSES; BEHAVIOR AB The tropopause region of the atmosphere shows large variability over time and by region. The complex changes near the tropopause are not fully understood, especially in terms of interdecadal and interannual forcings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate forcings in the tropopause region by using microwave sounder observations and comparing the results to previous analyses. On the basis of the satellite retrieved temperatures from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) Channel 3 (CH3) measurements which began in 1981 and continue to the current time, this analysis will assess the solar forcing and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing within the tropopause layer (300-100 hPa). The temperature variability from the combined "downward" solar forcing and the "upward" ENSO forcing have been investigated using wavelet, multiple linear regression and lag correlation analyses. The results show that the temperature variability within the tropopause layer was dominated by 3.5-7 and 14-28 year oscillations. The temperature responses to the two forcings apparently depend on the location, season and time scale of the measurements. The temperature response to solar forcing can be found over the Arctic and Antarctic zones in winter. On the interdecadal time scale, the temperature response to solar forcing was markedly amplified with a lag of 1-2 years or 5-7 years and was out of phase between the Arctic, and all other latitudes. Interestingly, the statistically significant response to solar forcing was only identified over the tropical central and western Pacific in summer. The temperature response to the ENSO forcing is much stronger than the solar forcing based on the magnitude of the regression coefficients. A significant positive response occurs over most of the tropical ocean areas in winter and a negative temperature response is confined to the tropical western Pacific in summer. On the interannual time scale, the temperature response is observed within the tropical areas and reaches a positive maximum 4-5 months later, and can be identified up to 10 months later with statistically significant values. After 10 months, the response is negative. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] WWB, NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Al.Powell@noaa.gov; Jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 80 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.02.023 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953SR UT WOS:000304894000003 ER PT J AU Jensen, PC Bentzen, P AF Jensen, Pamela C. Bentzen, Paul TI A MOLECULAR DISSECTION OF THE MATING SYSTEM OF THE DUNGENESS CRAB, METACARCINUS MAGISTER (BRACHYURA: CANCRIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE external fertilization; genetic incompatibility; mating system; microsatellite; multiple paternity; paternity analysis; self-displacement; sperm competition ID CHIONOECETES-OPILIO BRACHYURA; TERM SPERM STORAGE; CANCER-MAGISTER; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; SPIDER CRAB; MAJIDAE; COMPETITION; DECAPODA; BROODS AB Microsatellites were used to determine paternity of Metacarcinus magister (Dana 1852), the Dungeness crab, embryos produced through controlled laboratory matings. Additionally, spermathecal and bursal sperm from mated females were genotyped to elucidate patterns of sperm storage and use. Spermathecal and bursal contents and egg clutches from female M. magister of unknown mating history were similarly analyzed. Genotyping of embryos revealed that bursal sperm are not used in fertilization. Multiple paternity was discovered in clutches from controlled matings and in 40% of clutches carried by crabs of unknown mating history. Males achieve last male sperm precedence through stratification of ejaculates within the spermatheca, but males may actually reduce their reproductive success by depositing too much sperm in the spermatheca. Stratification occasionally fails if the fresh ejaculate is large in volume, or when large volumes of stored sperm are present in the spermatheca, resulting in displacement of stored sperm towards the oviduct and multiple paternity within clutches. Sperm competition is interannual between the single primary male mate at each molt (adult females molt and mate once a year and sperm is retained across molts), and clutches fertilized with sperm as old as 2.5 years can develop to maturity. Female crabs may copulate for reasons other than to gain sperm for fertilization. Despite possessing internal sperm storage organs where oocytes first encounter sperm, the act of fertilization in M. magister may occur externally. C1 [Jensen, Pamela C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jensen, Pamela C.; Bentzen, Paul] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Marine Mol Biotechnol Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Bentzen, Paul] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Jensen, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Pam.Jensen@noaa.gov; Paul.Bentzen@dal.ca FU University of Washington (UW); UW School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences FX Partial funding was provided by a grant from the University of Washington (UW) Royalty Research Fund and by scholarships to PCJ from the UW School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. We thank Bernard Sainte-Marie, Lobo Orensanz, Gregory C. Jensen, J. Frank Morado, Frederick Schram and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Due to the nature of the questions addressed, this research required individual crabs be held in captivity for at least three years and usually longer. We thank Paul Plesha of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Mukilteo Field Station for generously providing seawater facilities for the duration of this work. Many thanks to Gregory C. Jensen, Gregory D. Williams, Lobo Orensanz, J. Frank Morado, Kristine Andress, James West, and Sandra O'Neill for assisting in crab collections, Sabrina Weiner, D. J. Brassier, Casimir Rice, John Jacobsen, Frank Sommers, Bjorn Millard, Jacob Crider and Mark Tagal for wet lab assistance, and D. J. Brassier, G. Huston Gallager, and Dayna Hailey for laboratory assistance. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NMFS. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the NMFS, NOAA. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 24 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 443 EP 456 DI 10.1163/193724012X626458 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953AR UT WOS:000304839800010 ER PT J AU Yoo, HW Richter, LJ Jung, HT Michaels, CA AF Yoo, Hae-Wook Richter, Lee J. Jung, Hee-Tae Michaels, Chris A. TI Surface plasmon polariton Raman microscopy SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman microscopy; Surface plasmons; Chemical imaging ID SOLAR-CELL APPLICATIONS; FOCUSED LASER-BEAM; ORDER BESSEL BEAM; BLEND FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; ILLUMINATION; ENHANCEMENT AB We report surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mediated Raman microscopy on dielectric films in contact with a Ag layer at 785 nm with spatial resolution approaching the optical diffraction limit and reasonable spectral acquisition times. The excitation and scattered photons couple to the SPP of the Ag film through a hemispherical ZnSe solid immersion lens (SIL). SPP mediated microscopy enables in situ studies of material in intimate contact with metal electrodes when optical access to the dielectric material by conventional means is unavailable. We use the prototypical organic solar cell system of a 1:1 blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) to demonstrate the new microscopy. Calculations of the electric field intensity at the metal-dielectric interface are presented that yield insight into the optimal angular coupling into the Ag SPP and the optimal Ag film thickness. SPP Raman spectra of pure P3HT films are reported for a series of samples with Ag films of varying thickness, confirming excitation via the SPP. SPP Raman images of thermally annealed blend films are presented and compared to conventional confocal Raman images. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richter, Lee J.; Michaels, Chris A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoo, Hae-Wook; Jung, Hee-Tae] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Michaels, CA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.michaels@nist.gov RI Jung, Hee-Tae/C-1574-2011; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 60 SI SI BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2011.12.003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 950XR UT WOS:000304685700015 ER PT J AU Furdyna, JK Leiner, J Liu, X Dobrowolska, M Lee, S Chung, JH Kirby, BJ AF Furdyna, J. K. Leiner, J. Liu, X. Dobrowolska, M. Lee, S. Chung, J. -H. Kirby, B. J. TI Exchange Coupling in Magnetic Semiconductor Multilayers and Superlattices SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Physics of Magnetism (PM) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2011 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci, Inst Mol Phys, Adam Mickewicz Univ, Fac Phys ID INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; TRILAYER STRUCTURES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB The study of ferromagnetic semiconductors continues to be of great interest because of their potential for spintronic devices. While there has been much progress in our understanding of ferromagnetic semiconductor materials - particularly of the canonical III-V system Ga1-xMnxAs - many issues still remain unresolved. One of these is the nature of interlayer exchange coupling in GaMnAs-based multilayers, an issue that is important from the point of view of possible spintronic applications. In this connection, it is important to establish under what conditions the interlayer exchange coupling between successive GaMnAs layers is antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic, since manipulation of such interlayer exchange coupling can then be directly applied to achieve giant magnetoresistance and other devices based on this material. In this review we will describe magneto-transport, magnetization, and neutron reflectometry experiments applied to two types of GaMnAs-based multilayer structures - superlattices and tri-layers - consisting of GaMnAs layers separated by non-magnetic GaAs spacers. These measurements serve to identify conditions under which AFM coupling will occur in such GaMnAs/GaAs multilayer systems, thus providing us the information which can be used for manipulating magnetization (and thus also giant magnetoresistance) in structures based on the ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs. C1 [Furdyna, J. K.; Leiner, J.; Liu, X.; Dobrowolska, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Lee, S.; Chung, J. -H.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Furdyna, JK (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM furdyna@nd.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 EI 1898-794X J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 121 IS 5-6 BP 973 EP 980 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 952JT UT WOS:000304789500002 ER PT J AU Raymond, SN Armitage, PJ Moro-Martin, A Booth, M Wyatt, MC Armstrong, JC Mandell, AM Selsis, F West, AA AF Raymond, S. N. Armitage, P. J. Moro-Martin, A. Booth, M. Wyatt, M. C. Armstrong, J. C. Mandell, A. M. Selsis, F. West, A. A. TI Debris disks as signposts of terrestrial planet formation II. Dependence of exoplanet architectures on giant planet and disk properties SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: formation; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; infrared: stars; circumstellar matter; methods: numerical; astrobiology ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; SUN-LIKE STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; STEADY-STATE EVOLUTION; KUIPER-BELT; GAS DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; ECCENTRICITY DISTRIBUTION AB We present models for the formation of terrestrial planets, and the collisional evolution of debris disks, in planetary systems that contain multiple marginally unstable gas giants. We previously showed that in such systems, the dynamics of the giant planets introduces a correlation between the presence of terrestrial planets and cold dust, i.e., debris disks, which is particularly pronounced at lambda similar to 70 mu m. Here we present new simulations that show that this connection is qualitatively robust to a range of parameters: the mass distribution of the giant planets, the width and mass distribution of the outer planetesimal disk, and the presence of gas in the disk when the giant planets become unstable. We discuss how variations in these parameters affect the evolution. We find that systems with equal-mass giant planets undergo the most violent instabilities, and that these destroy both terrestrial planets and the outer planetesimal disks that produce debris disks. In contrast, systems with low-mass giant planets efficiently produce both terrestrial planets and debris disks. A large fraction of systems with low-mass (M less than or similar to 30 M-circle plus) outermost giant planets have final planetary separations that, scaled to the planets' masses, are as large or larger than the Saturn-Uranus and Uranus-Neptune separations in the solar system. We find that the gaps between these planets are not only dynamically stable to test particles, but are frequently populated by planetesimals. The possibility of planetesimal belts between outer giant planets should be taken into account when interpreting debris disk SEDs. In addition, the presence of similar to Earth-mass "seeds" in outer planetesimal disks causes the disks to radially spread to colder temperatures, and leads to a slow depletion of the outer planetesimal disk from the inside out. We argue that this may explain the very low frequency of > 1 Gyrold solar-type stars with observed 24 mu m excesses. Our simulations do not sample the full range of plausible initial conditions for planetary systems. However, among the configurations explored, the best candidates for hosting terrestrial planets at similar to 1 AU are stars older than 0.1-1 Gyr with bright debris disks at 70 mu m but with no currently-known giant planets. These systems combine evidence for the presence of ample rocky building blocks, with giant planet properties that are least likely to undergo destructive dynamical evolution. Thus, we predict two correlations that should be detected by upcoming surveys: an anti-correlation between debris disks and eccentric giant planets and a positive correlation between debris disks and terrestrial planets. C1 [Raymond, S. N.; Selsis, F.] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Raymond, S. N.; Selsis, F.] CNRS, UMR 5804, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, P. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moro-Martin, A.] Ctr Astrobiol, Dept Astrophys, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Moro-Martin, A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Booth, M.; Wyatt, M. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Booth, M.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. [Armstrong, J. C.] Weber State Univ, Dept Phys, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. [Mandell, A. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [West, A. A.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Raymond, SN (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, 2 Rue Observ,BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France. EM raymond@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr RI Mandell, Avi/F-9361-2012; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Armstrong, John/0000-0003-2009-1459; Booth, Mark/0000-0001-8568-6336 FU NSF; NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G]; NSF's Division of Astronomical Sciences [0807471]; European Research Council (ERC) [209622: E3ARTHs] FX We thank the referee, Hal Levison, for a careful and thorough report that helped us improve the paper. Simulations were run at Weber State University and at Purdue University (supported in part by the NSF through TeraGrid resources). S.N.R. acknowledges the CNRS's PNP and EPOV programs, the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine, and NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory lead team. P.J.A. acknowledges funding from NASA's Origins of solar systems program (NNX09AB90G), NASA's Astrophysics Theory program (NNX11AE12G), and the NSF's Division of Astronomical Sciences (0807471). F. S. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC Grant 209622: E3ARTHs). This paper is dedicated to S.N.R.'s son Zachary Max Raymond, whose birth on June 14, 2011 caused a long but absolutely worthwhile delay of the publication of this paper. NR 127 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 541 AR A11 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201117049 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 946XN UT WOS:000304390900011 ER PT J AU Holland, DS Herrera, GE AF Holland, Daniel S. Herrera, Guillermo E. TI The impact of age structure, uncertainty, and asymmetric spatial dynamics on regulatory performance in a fishery metapopulation SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Metapopulation; Spatial structure; Bioeconomic; Fishery management; Stochasticity ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; GEORGES BANK; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NORTHERN COD; ST-LAWRENCE; NEW-ZEALAND; SCALE AB Failure to manage the harvest of a metapopulation at its underlying ecological scale can lead to extirpation of discrete subpopulations and reduce productivity. However, it may be difficult and costly to assess and manage stocks at a finer spatial scale, and there is generally greater uncertainty about the size of substocks than about the aggregate stock. We use a two-patch, age-structured metapopulation model to compare the performance of global vs. area-specific total allowable catch constraints (TACs). The relative performance of these approaches, in terms of profits and risk of depleting subpopulations, depends upon biological, technical and economic parameters - in particular various kinds of uncertainty, aggregation of fish stocks, and the spatial dynamics of different age classes. Surprisingly, a global TAC is less risky when there is little mixing of the subpopulations, as long as target mortality rates are not set too high. The advantage of the global TAC is reduced when there is mixing and migration between the subpopulations, particularly when these dynamics are asymmetric. However, a regulator naive to the nature of the true spatial dynamics (and hence the spatially optimal target fishing mortality rates) may still be better off employing a global TAC. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Herrera, Guillermo E.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Econ, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Dan.Holland@noaa.gov; gherrera@bowdoin.edu OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X FU National Science Foundation; Maine Sea Grant [UM-S696]; Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program [0709527] FX This work was done partly while Dan Holland was a Research Scientist with the Gulf of Maine Research Institute and while Guillermo Herrera was a Senior Research Fellow at the Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program, Award #0709527 and by Maine Sea Grant, Award #UM-S696. We are grateful for the constructive comments of two anonymous referees. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 77 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.03.003 PG 12 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 949NP UT WOS:000304583200022 ER PT J AU Black, PE AF Black, Paul E. TI Static Analyzers: Seat Belts for Your Code SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Black, PE (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM paul.black@nist.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 951TZ UT WOS:000304744200010 ER PT J AU Paulsen, C McDuffie, E Newhouse, W Toth, P AF Paulsen, Celia McDuffie, Ernest Newhouse, William Toth, Patricia TI NICE: Creating a Cybersecurity Workforce and Aware Public SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Paulsen, Celia; McDuffie, Ernest; Newhouse, William; Toth, Patricia] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Initiat Cybersecur Educ, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Paulsen, C (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Initiat Cybersecur Educ, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM celia.paulsen@nist.gov; mcduffie@nist.gov; william.newhouse@nist.gov; patricia.toth@nist.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 76 EP 79 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 951TZ UT WOS:000304744200015 ER PT J AU Ephrem, A Epstein, A Shevach, E AF Ephrem, Amal Epstein, Alan Shevach, Ethan TI The Glucocorticoid-Induced Tumor necrosis-factor related Receptor (GITR) is a redundant costimulatory molecule for conventional T (Tconv) cells and plays a dual role on Regulatory T cells (Treg). SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists CY MAY 04-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Immunol C1 [Ephrem, Amal] NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Epstein, Alan] USC, Dept Path, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Shevach, Ethan] NIH, NBS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 188 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 950OX UT WOS:000304659702286 ER PT J AU Nielsen, EE Cariani, A Mac Aoidh, E Maes, GE Milano, I Ogden, R Taylor, M Hemmer-Hansen, J Babbucci, M Bargelloni, L Bekkevold, D Diopere, E Grenfell, L Helyar, S Limborg, MT Martinsohn, JT McEwing, R Panitz, F Patarnello, T Tinti, F Van Houdt, JKJ Volckaert, FAM Waples, RS Carvalho, GR Albin, JEJ Baptista, JMV Barmintsev, V Bautista, JM Bendixen, C Berge, JP Blohm, D Cardazzo, B Diez, A Espineira, M Geffen, AJ Gonzalez, E Gonzalez-Lavin, N Guarniero, I Jerome, M Kochzius, M Krey, G Mouchel, O Negrisolo, E Piccinetti, C Puyet, A Rastorguev, S Smith, JP Trentini, M Verrez-Bagnis, V Volkov, A Zanzi, A AF Nielsen, Einar E. Cariani, Alessia Mac Aoidh, Eoin Maes, Gregory E. Milano, Ilaria Ogden, Rob Taylor, Martin Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob Babbucci, Massimiliano Bargelloni, Luca Bekkevold, Dorte Diopere, Eveline Grenfell, Leonie Helyar, Sarah Limborg, Morten T. Martinsohn, Jann T. McEwing, Ross Panitz, Frank Patarnello, Tomaso Tinti, Fausto Van Houdt, Jeroen K. J. Volckaert, Filip A. M. Waples, Robin S. Carvalho, Gary R. Albin, Jan E. J. Baptista, Juan M. Vieites Barmintsev, Vladimir Bautista, Jose M. Bendixen, Christian Berge, Jean-Pascal Blohm, Dietmar Cardazzo, Barbara Diez, Amalia Espinera, Montserrat Geffen, Audrey J. Gonzalez, Elena Gonzalez-Lavin, Nerea Guarniero, Ilaria Jerome, Marc Kochzius, Marc Krey, Grigorius Mouchel, Olivier Negrisolo, Enrico Piccinetti, Corrado Puyet, Antonio Rastorguev, Sergey Smith, Jane P. Trentini, Massimo Verrez-Bagnis, Veronique Volkov, Alexander Zanzi, Antonella CA FishPopTrace Consortium TI Gene-associated markers provide tools for tackling illegal fishing and false eco-certification SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; POPULATION; FISHERIES; ASSIGNMENT; FLOW; DIFFERENTIATION; ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION AB Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing has had a major role in the overexploitation of global fish populations. In response, international regulations have been imposed and many fisheries have been 'eco-certified' by consumer organizations, but methods for independent control of catch certificates and eco-labels are urgently needed. Here we show that, by using gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, individual marine fish can be assigned back to population of origin with unprecedented high levels of precision. By applying high differentiation single nucleotide polymorphism assays, in four commercial marine fish, on a pan-European scale, we find 93-100% of individuals could be correctly assigned to origin in policy-driven case studies. We show how case-targeted single nucleotide polymorphism assays can be created and forensically validated, using a centrally maintained and publicly available database. Our results demonstrate how application of gene-associated markers will likely revolutionize origin assignment and become highly valuable tools for fighting illegal fishing and mislabelling worldwide. C1 [Nielsen, Einar E.; Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob; Bekkevold, Dorte; Limborg, Morten T.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Populat Ecol & Genet, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. [Cariani, Alessia; Milano, Ilaria; Tinti, Fausto; Guarniero, Ilaria; Piccinetti, Corrado; Trentini, Massimo] Univ Bologna, Dept Expt Evolutionary Biol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Cariani, Alessia; Maes, Gregory E.; Diopere, Eveline; Van Houdt, Jeroen K. J.; Volckaert, Filip A. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Biodivers & Evolutionary Genom, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Mac Aoidh, Eoin; Martinsohn, Jann T.; Zanzi, Antonella] EC, JRC, IPSC, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy. [Milano, Ilaria; Babbucci, Massimiliano; Bargelloni, Luca; Patarnello, Tomaso; Cardazzo, Barbara; Negrisolo, Enrico] Univ Padua, Dept Publ Hlth Comparat Pathol & Vet Hyg, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Ogden, Rob; Grenfell, Leonie; McEwing, Ross] Royal Zool Soc Scotland, TRACE Wildlife Forens Network, Edinburgh EH12 6TS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Taylor, Martin; Carvalho, Gary R.; Albin, Jan E. J.; Smith, Jane P.] Bangor Univ, Environm Ctr Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Mol Ecol & Fisheries Genet Lab, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Helyar, Sarah] Matis, Iceland Food & Biotech R&D, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Panitz, Frank] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bautista, Jose M.; Diez, Amalia; Gonzalez, Elena; Puyet, Antonio] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Geffen, Audrey J.] Univ Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Blohm, Dietmar; Kochzius, Marc] Univ Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany. [Berge, Jean-Pascal; Jerome, Marc; Mouchel, Olivier; Verrez-Bagnis, Veronique] IFREMER, Ctr Nantes, Dept Sci & Tech Aliment Marines, Nantes, France. [Krey, Grigorius] NAGREF, Fish Res Inst, GR-64007 Kavala, Greece. [Baptista, Juan M. Vieites; Espinera, Montserrat; Gonzalez-Lavin, Nerea] ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Pontevedra, Spain. [Bendixen, Christian] Univ Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Barmintsev, Vladimir; Rastorguev, Sergey; Volkov, Alexander] VNIRO, Ctr Mol Genet Ident, Moscow 107140, Russia. RP Nielsen, EE (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Populat Ecol & Genet, Vejlsovej 39, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. EM een@aqua.dtu.dk RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; Taylor, Martin/B-4298-2013; Bautista, Jose M./B-7899-2013; Helyar, Sarah/C-4988-2013; Diez, Amalia/I-4852-2014; Cariani, Alessia/L-3459-2016; Panitz, Frank/A-3281-2017; VERREZ-BAGNIS, Veronique/E-5551-2017; Gonzalez, Elena/E-4465-2013; Puyet, Antonio/I-4720-2014; Rastorguev, Sergey/I-8703-2014; Maes, Gregory/C-5450-2008; Limborg, Morten/B-9633-2015; Negrisolo, Enrico/K-8124-2015; OI Bautista, Jose M./0000-0001-8926-881X; Helyar, Sarah/0000-0002-1600-997X; Diez, Amalia/0000-0002-2619-9252; Cariani, Alessia/0000-0002-5513-0086; Panitz, Frank/0000-0002-6909-5162; Gonzalez, Elena/0000-0002-4614-3889; Puyet, Antonio/0000-0002-2026-7955; Maes, Gregory/0000-0002-1531-7321; Limborg, Morten/0000-0002-7718-6531; Negrisolo, Enrico/0000-0002-6244-805X; BABBUCCI, MASSIMILIANO/0000-0002-4060-4728; Berge, Jean-Pascal/0000-0002-7851-9078; PATARNELLO, Tomaso/0000-0003-1794-5791; Geffen, Audrey/0000-0002-6946-5282; TINTI, FAUSTO/0000-0002-8649-5387 FU European Community [KBBE 212399]; Greenland Climate Research Center; Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation FX We are grateful to the many colleagues who collected fish samples for this project. We thank the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement KBBE 212399 (FishPopTrace) for financial support. E.E.N. was also supported for part of the time by the Greenland Climate Research Center funded by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation. NR 39 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 11 U2 111 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 3 AR 851 DI 10.1038/ncomms1845 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 949XP UT WOS:000304611400046 PM 22617291 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Xu, M Gao, W Reddy, KR Kunkel, K Schmoldt, DL Samel, AN AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Xu, Min Gao, Wei Reddy, K. Raja Kunkel, Kenneth Schmoldt, Daniel L. Samel, Arthur N. TI A Distributed Cotton Growth Model Developed from GOSSYM and Its Parameter Determination SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODEL; WATER PRODUCTIVITY; CROSS-VALIDATION; VEGETATION MODEL; SIMULATION-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; MAIZE YIELD; NITROGEN; LAND; TEMPERATURE AB Prediction of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production under a changing climate requires a coupled modeling system that represents climate-cotton interactions. The existing cotton growth model GOSSYM has drawbacks that prohibit its effective coupling with climate models. We developed a geographically distributed cotton growth model from the original GOSSYM and optimized it for coupling with the regional Climate-Weather Research Forecasting model (CWRF). This included software redesign, physics improvement, and parameter specification for consistent coupling of CWRF and GOSSYM. Through incorporation of the best available physical representations and observational estimates, the long list of inputs in the original GOSSYM was reduced to two parameters, the initial NO3 amount in the top 2 m of soil and the ratio of irrigated water amount to potential evapotranspiration. The geographic distributions of these two parameters are determined by optimization that minimizes model errors in simulating cotton yields. The result shows that the redeveloped GOSSYM realistically reproduces the geographic distribution of mean cotton yields in 30-km grids, within +/- 10% of observations across most of the U.S. Cotton Belt, whereas the original GOSSYM overestimated yields by 27 to 135% at the state level and 92% overall. Both models produced interannual yield variability with comparable magnitude; however, the temporal correspondence between modeled and observed interannual anomalies was much more realistic in the redeveloped than the original GOSSYM because significant (P = 0.05) correlations were identified in 87 and 40% of harvest grids, respectively. The redeveloped GOSSYM provides a starting point for additional improvements and applications of the coupled CWRF-GOSSYM system to study climate-cotton interactions. C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Illinois, Dep Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Gao, Wei] USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dep Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Schmoldt, Daniel L.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Samel, Arthur N.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dep Geog, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755; Xu, Min/0000-0003-3443-0300 FU USDA; Colorado State University [USDA-CREES-2009-34263-19774, G-1449-1, USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075, G-1470-3, USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666, G-1469-3] FX This study benefited from constructive discussions with Carl J. Bernacchi on crop modeling. We thank David Kristovich for valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was mainly supported by the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Colorado State University, USDA-CREES-2009-34263-19774 (subawards to the University of Illinois, G-1449-1), USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075 (subawards to the University of Maryland, G-1470-3), and USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666 (subawards to the University of Maryland, G-1469-3). The modeling was conducted on the National Center for Supercomputing Applications facility. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or the affiliating institutions of the authors. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 661 EP 674 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0250 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600012 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Xu, M Gao, W Reddy, KR Kunkel, K Schmoldt, DL Samel, AN AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Xu, Min Gao, Wei Reddy, K. Raja Kunkel, Kenneth Schmoldt, Daniel L. Samel, Arthur N. TI Physical Modeling of US Cotton Yields and Climate Stresses during 1979 to 2005 SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROSS-VALIDATION; GROWTH; MODIS; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTIONS; SIMULATIONS; REFLECTANCE; RESPONSES; ENSEMBLE; WATER AB Climate variability and changes affect crop yields by causing climatic stresses during various stages of the plant life cycle. A crop growth model must be able to capture the observed relationships between crop yields and climate stresses before its credible use as a prediction tool. This study evaluated the ability of the geographically distributed cotton growth model redeveloped from GOSSYM in simulating U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields and their responses to climate stresses during 1979 to 2005. Driven by realistic climate conditions, the model reproduced long-term mean cotton yields within +/- 10% of observations at the 30-km model resolution across virtually the entire U.S. Cotton Belt and correctly captured the critical dependence of their geographic distributions on regional climate characteristics. Significant correlations between simulated and observed interannual variations were found across 87% of the total harvest grids. The model also faithfully represented the predictive role of July to August air temperature and August to September soil temperature anomalies on interannual cotton yield changes on unirrigated lands, with a similar but weaker predictive signal for irrigated lands as observed. The modeled cotton yields exhibited large, positive correlations with July to August leaf area index. These results indicate the model's ability to depict the regional impact of climate stresses on cotton yields and suggest the potential predictive value of satellite retrievals. They also provide a baseline reference for further model improvements and applications in the future study of climate-cotton interactions. C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Illinois, Dep Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Gao, Wei] USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dep Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Schmoldt, Daniel L.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Samel, Arthur N.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dep Geog, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755; Xu, Min/0000-0003-3443-0300 FU USDA; Colorado State University [USDA-CSREES-2009-34263-19774, G-1449-1, USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075, G1470-3, USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666, G-1469-3] FX This study benefited from constructive discussions with CarlJ. Bernacchi on crop modeling. We thank David Kristovich for valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was mainly supported by the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Colorado State University, USDA-SREES-2009-34263-19774 (subawards to the University of Illinois, G-1449-1), USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075 (subawards to the University of Maryland, G1470-3), and USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666 (subawards to the University of Maryland, G-1469-3). The modeling was conducted at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications facility. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or the affiliating institutions of the authors. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 104 IS 3 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0251 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 944WD UT WOS:000304233600013 ER PT J AU Tompkins, AM Parker, DJ Danour, S Amekudzi, L Bain, CL Dominguez, A Douglas, MW Fink, AH Grimes, DIF Hobby, M Knippertz, P Lamb, PJ Nicklin, KJ Yorke, C AF Tompkins, Adrian M. Parker, Douglas J. Danour, Sylvester Amekudzi, Leonard Bain, Caroline L. Dominguez, Abdul Douglas, Michael W. Fink, Andreas H. Grimes, David I. F. Hobby, Matthew Knippertz, Peter Lamb, Peter J. Nicklin, Kathryn J. Yorke, Charles TI THE EWIEM NIMDIE SUMMER SCHOOL SERIES IN GHANA Capacity Building in Meteorological Education and Research-Lessons Learned and Future Prospects SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Tompkins, Adrian M.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ICTP, Trieste, Italy. [Parker, Douglas J.; Hobby, Matthew; Knippertz, Peter; Nicklin, Kathryn J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Danour, Sylvester; Amekudzi, Leonard] KNUST, Dept Phys, Kumasi, Ghana. [Bain, Caroline L.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dominguez, Abdul; Lamb, Peter J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dominguez, Abdul; Lamb, Peter J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Douglas, Michael W.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Fink, Andreas H.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. [Grimes, David I. F.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Yorke, Charles] Ghana Meteorol Agcy GMet, Accra, Ghana. RP Tompkins, AM (reprint author), ICTP, Str Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy. EM Tompkins@ictp.it RI Tompkins, Adrian/N-6472-2013; Parker, Douglas/O-8051-2015; Knippertz, Peter/D-5861-2016; Fink, Andreas/F-3024-2017 OI Tompkins, Adrian/0000-0003-0975-6691; Parker, Douglas/0000-0003-2335-8198; Knippertz, Peter/0000-0001-9856-619X; Fink, Andreas/0000-0002-5840-2120 FU United Kingdom's British Council/Department for Education and Skills; Italian Government's Ministry of Education [ICTP: 241.FITU.11.G] FX This article is dedicated to the memory of the late David Grimes, our dear friend, colleague, and co-author, who contributed so much to the-understanding of precipitation in Africa and to educational outreach. The two summer schools were funded by grants from the United Kingdom's British Council/Department for Education and Skills and the Italian Government's Ministry of Education (grant award ICTP: 241.FITU.11.G), respectively. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology allowed the use of many university facilities at each school free of charge and acknowledges the efforts made by its local support team. The following institutes generously provided equipment and associated shipping costs: University of Cologne (Germany), NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (USA), GMet, and the Universities of Leeds and Reading (UK). Each school was supported by a large number of European and North American lecturers, who spent time to prepare teaching material and find travel funds; they are listed in the electronic supplement to this article (http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00098.2). NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 595 EP 601 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00098.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946MA UT WOS:000304354500001 ER PT J AU Barnston, AG Tippett, MK L'Heureux, ML Li, SH DeWitt, DG AF Barnston, Anthony G. Tippett, Michael K. L'Heureux, Michelle L. Li, Shuhua DeWitt, David G. TI SKILL OF REAL-TIME SEASONAL ENSO MODEL PREDICTIONS DURING 2002-11 Is Our Capability Increasing? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NEURAL-NETWORK MODELS; 1997-98 EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; COUPLED MODEL; CLIMATE PREDICTABILITY; ATMOSPHERE MODEL AB The low predictability of the past decade masked a gradual improvement of ENSO predictions, with skill of dynamical models now exceeding that of statistical models. C1 [Barnston, Anthony G.; Tippett, Michael K.; Li, Shuhua; DeWitt, David G.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [L'Heureux, Michelle L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Barnston, AG (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Earth Inst, 61 Route 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tonyb@iri.columbia.edu RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013; Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706; Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA050AR4311004] FX The authors appreciate the thoughtful comments and suggestions of the anonymous reviewers. Klaus Wolter provided a set of penetrating and useful comments and requests, leading to considerable improvements in the final paper. This work was funded by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA050AR4311004). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or its subagencies. NR 78 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 631 EP 651 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00111.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946MA UT WOS:000304354500004 ER PT J AU Chilson, PB Frick, WF Kelly, JF Howard, KW Larkin, RP Diehl, RH Westbrook, JK Kelly, TA Kunz, TH AF Chilson, Phillip B. Frick, Winifred F. Kelly, Jeffrey F. Howard, Kenneth W. Larkin, Ronald P. Diehl, Robert H. Westbrook, John K. Kelly, T. Adam Kunz, Thomas H. TI PARTLY CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF MIGRATION Weather, Radars, and Aeroecology SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BAT TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; NOCTURNAL BIRD MIGRATION; FREE-TAILED BATS; DOPPLER RADAR; SURVEILLANCE RADAR; UNITED-STATES; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; POPULATION TRENDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ECONOMIC VALUE AB Radar observations provide a valuable means of investigating questions about ecology, abundance, and airborne movement of animals over large spatial and temporal domains, and play an important role in the transdisciplinary field of aeroecology. C1 [Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Frick, Winifred F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, Norman, OK USA. [Larkin, Ronald P.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Westbrook, John K.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. [Kelly, T. Adam] DeTect Inc, Panama City, FL USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chilson, PB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM chilson@ou.edu RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015 OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory [NA08OAR4320904]; National Science Foundation [EIA-0326483, DBI-0905881, IOS-0541740, EPS-0919466]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0415, FA9550-10-1-0442] FX We are grateful to Kara Bolognini, Paul A. Heady III, Fanxing Kong, Benjamin J. O'Neal, Danny Scipion, and Ryan Shipley for their valuable assistance during the collection and processing of data presented in this paper. We also appreciate the value inputs provided by three anonymous reviewers. PBC was funded in part through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Grant NA08OAR4320904. THK received support from the National Science Foundation (Grant EIA-0326483) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grants FA9550-09-1-0415, FA9550-10-1-0442). WFF was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant DBI-0905881. JFK was supported by National Science Foundation Grants IOS-0541740 and EPS-0919466. Steve Parker provided access to his property for operation of the NO-XP near Frio Cave. Bain Walker provided access to the Frio Cave property. NR 107 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 669 EP 686 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00099.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946MA UT WOS:000304354500006 ER PT J AU Rundio, DE Lindley, ST AF Rundio, David E. Lindley, Steven T. TI Reciprocal fluxes of stream and riparian invertebrates in a coastal California basin with Mediterranean climate SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aquatic insect emergence; Food webs; Reciprocal subsidies; Stream-riparian ecotone; Terrestrial inputs ID LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS; FOREST FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; INSECT EMERGENCE; HEADWATER STREAM; PREY; SUBSIDIES; BIOMASS; ABUNDANCE; ENERGY AB Stream and riparian food webs are connected by reciprocal fluxes of invertebrates, and a growing number of studies demonstrate strong effects of these subsidies on consumers and food webs in both habitats. However, despite its importance in understanding energy flow between these habitats, seasonality of reciprocal subsidies has been examined only in a single temperate system in Japan. We measured input of terrestrial invertebrates and emergence of adult aquatic insects for 14 months in two adjacent streams in a coastal Mediterranean basin in California to assess seasonal patterns, annual fluxes, and local variation. Fluxes of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates fluctuated seasonally and were relatively synchronous, although in the fall of 2004, terrestrial inputs peaked 1-2 months earlier than emergence. Terrestrial inputs were similar in the two streams with annual flux of 7.9-8.6 g dry mass m(-2) year(-1). Emergence differed between the streams: annual emergence was 7.8 g m(-2) year(-1) (similar to terrestrial flux) in one reach but 5.3 g m(-2) year(-1) from the other. The presence of streambed travertine in the reach with lower emergence was the primary difference in habitat between the streams, suggesting that travertine may reduce emergence and alter net reciprocal flux. Comparison of our results with those from Japan suggests that seasonality and net annual flux of reciprocal stream-riparian subsidies vary among biomes due to differences in climate, vegetation, and geography. Our results also indicate that local factors, such as travertine, may cause reciprocal fluxes to vary at finer spatial scales. C1 [Rundio, David E.; Lindley, Steven T.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Rundio, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dave.rundio@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 56 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 539 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s11284-011-0920-6 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944LW UT WOS:000304204800006 ER PT J AU Katayama, N Matsubayashi, K Nomura, Y Ji, S Leao, J Green, MA Sato, TJ Uwatoko, Y Fujita, M Yamada, K Arita, R Lee, SH AF Katayama, N. Matsubayashi, K. Nomura, Y. Ji, S. Leao, J. Green, M. A. Sato, T. J. Uwatoko, Y. Fujita, M. Yamada, K. Arita, R. Lee, S. -H. TI Conductivity and incommensurate antiferromagnetism of Fe1.02Se0.10Te0.90 under pressure SO EPL LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB By performing resistivity, bulk susceptibility and neutron diffraction on single crystals of Fe1.02Se0.10Te0.90 under pressure, we show that an external pressure can enhance both conductivity and magnetism simultaneously. Surprisingly, the pressure-induced magnetic order is nearly three-dimensional, and incommensurate along both the c-axis and the a-axis, which is accompanied by a structural phase separation. Our powder neutron diffraction data show that the Fe(Se, Te)(4) tetrahedron becomes more regular under pressure, which is consistent with the enhancement of the metallicity but is counterintuitive to the three-dimensional magnetic order. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2012 C1 [Katayama, N.; Ji, S.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Matsubayashi, K.; Sato, T. J.; Uwatoko, Y.] Univ Tokyo Kashiwa, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Nomura, Y.; Arita, R.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Leao, J.; Green, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fujita, M.; Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Katayama, N (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM katayama@mcr.nuap.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Arita, Ryotaro/D-5965-2012; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Nomura, Yusuke/B-8504-2014; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015; Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010; Matsubayashi, Kazuyuki/F-7696-2013 OI Arita, Ryotaro/0000-0001-5725-072X; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER46384] FX Research at UVA was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46384. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD MAY PY 2012 VL 98 IS 3 AR 37002 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/98/37002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 946WX UT WOS:000304389300031 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, GF Voas, J Miller, KW AF Hurlburt, George F. Voas, Jeffrey Miller, Keith W. TI The Internet of Things: A Reality Check SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Voas, Jeffrey] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Miller, Keith W.] Univ Illinois, Springfield, IL USA. EM ghurlburt@change-index.com; j.voas@ieee.org; miller.keith@uis.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 946IQ UT WOS:000304345500012 ER PT J AU Imtiaz, A Wallis, TM Lim, SH Tanbakuchi, H Huber, HP Hornung, A Hinterdorfer, P Smoliner, J Kienberger, F Kabos, P AF Imtiaz, A. Wallis, T. M. Lim, S. -H. Tanbakuchi, H. Huber, H. -P. Hornung, A. Hinterdorfer, P. Smoliner, J. Kienberger, F. Kabos, P. TI Frequency-selective contrast on variably doped p-type silicon with a scanning microwave microscope SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We report on frequency-dependent contrast in d(S-11)/dV measurements of a variably doped p-type silicon sample in the frequency range from 2 GHz to 18 GHz. The measurements were conducted with a scanning microwave microscope. The measurements were done at selected frequencies while varying the DC tip voltage. The measured d(S-11)/dV signal shows a maximum for doping concentrations (N-A) of 10(15) cm(-3)-10(16) cm(-3) at 2.3 GHz. As the microscope operating frequency is increased, this maximum sequentially "switches" through the regions of increasing dopant concentration, displaying a maximum for N-A of 10(17) cm(-3)-10(18) cm(-3) at 17.9 GHz. The frequency dependent "switching" is attributed to the physics of tip-to-sample interaction, particularly as related to the frequency-dependent local surface resistance and the depletion capacitance that control the RC time constant of tip-to-sample interaction. This provides a unique platform for local, frequency-selective, spatially resolved microwave spectroscopy of semiconducting materials. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4716026] C1 [Imtiaz, A.; Wallis, T. M.; Lim, S. -H.; Kabos, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tanbakuchi, H.; Kienberger, F.] Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Huber, H. -P.; Hornung, A.; Hinterdorfer, P.] Univ Linz, Inst Biophys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Smoliner, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Solid State Elect, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Imtiaz, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM atif@boulder.nist.gov RI Hinterdorfer, Peter/C-4235-2013 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 9 AR 093727 DI 10.1063/1.4716026 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 943GY UT WOS:000304109900076 ER PT J AU Jaffari, GH Rumaiz, AK Woicik, JC Shah, SI AF Jaffari, G. Hassnain Rumaiz, A. K. Woicik, J. C. Shah, S. Ismat TI Influence of oxygen vacancies on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPINEL FERRITE FILMS; NICKEL FERRITE; TEMPERATURE; GLASS; SPECTROSCOPY; MOSSBAUER; BEHAVIOR; ANGLES AB We report stabilization of magnetic glassy state in non-stoichiometric nickel ferrite thin films prepared by pulse laser deposition. Details of electronic structure of the films are presented and compared with stoichiometric bulk counterpart. Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows significant amount of oxygen vacancies and enhanced cationic inversion for thin films. Films show spin glass (SG) features which is contrary to the usual ferrimagnetic response of the bulk nickel ferrite. Films exhibit spin freezing temperature which is above room temperature in low fields (0.1 T) and shifts to lower temperature (similar to 250 K) in the presence of a large applied field of 3 T. An exceptionally large exchange bias (EB) of 170 Oe at a significantly higher temperature (similar to 50 K) is measured in cooling field of 3 T. In comparison, bulk samples do not show exchange bias and magnetic irreversibility vanishes in significantly weaker fields (i.e., few kOe). Role of oxygen vacancies is to induce spin canting by destabilizing indirect super exchange interaction. Consequently, the spin-glass like behavior occurs that is coupled with huge suppression in saturation magnetization in the thin films. Observation of exchange bias is explained to be due to oxygen vacancies (hence non-stoichiometry) which generates random anisotropy in exchange coupled grains. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4704690] C1 [Jaffari, G. Hassnain; Shah, S. Ismat] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jaffari, G. Hassnain] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Rumaiz, A. K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shah, S. Ismat] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Jaffari, GH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Rumaiz, Abdul/J-5084-2012 FU Higher Education Commission Pakistan; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX G.H.J. would like to acknowledge the support of Higher Education Commission Pakistan under the project "Development and study of magnetic nanostructures." Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 111 IS 9 AR 093906 DI 10.1063/1.4704690 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 943GY UT WOS:000304109900085 ER PT J AU Reale, T Sun, BM Tilley, FH Pettey, M AF Reale, Tony Sun, Bomin Tilley, Franklin H. Pettey, Michael TI The NOAA Products Validation System (NPROVS) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX QUALITY-CONTROL; GROUND-BASED GPS; WATER-VAPOR; ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION; RADIOSONDE HEIGHTS; NATIONAL CENTERS; RETRIEVAL; TEMPERATURES; SATELLITE; RADIATION AB The following report summarizes the NOAA Products Validation System (NPROVS), operated at the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). NPROVS provides centralized collocation and intercomparison of multiple suites of satellite-derived atmospheric sounding products, global operational radiosonde and dropsonde observations, and numerical weather prediction (NWP) data. The report addresses the screening and processing of radiosonde and dropsonde data, the method of collocating to the respective satellite product data, and perceived characteristic differences among the respective satellite products. The analysis of characteristic tendencies among the satellite products underscores the need for absolute consistency when compiling validation datasets of respective satellite, ground target, and NWP observations in order to minimize the varying degrees of inherent differences among these systems. The access and collocation of sonde and satellite observations occur on a daily basis with the routine archiving of all collocated data at STAR. The minimum requirement for retaining a given sonde is that the collective temperature and moisture profiles extend vertically at least 5 km without a gap. Retained reports are further processed including analysis to identify suspicious observations, temperature and moisture profile features, and impacts when applying sampling constraints. The collocation approach is optimized for each satellite system to select a single "closest" sounding from each satellite that lies within 6 h and 250 km of a given sonde. The NPROVS analytical and graphical interface provides a dual troubleshooting function to assure the integrity of collocations and validation function for intercomparing the satellite products. Results indicate notable differences in the perceived characteristic of the products systems with seasonal tendencies. C1 [Reale, Tony] NOAA, NESDIS, Washington, DC USA. [Sun, Bomin; Tilley, Franklin H.; Pettey, Michael] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Reale, T (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 701, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM tony.reale@noaa.gov RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 FU JPSS FX This work was supported by the JPSS Program in conjunction with the EDR calibration and validation of operational weather products from the NPP polar-orbiting satellite. We specially acknowledge Dr. Mitch Goldberg, Chief of the NOAA/STAR/Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD) who initially proposed the development of centralized multiple satellite product and ground truth validation protocols as a benchmark process at NOAA and ongoing support from our colleagues at STAR. We also acknowledge the NOAA EMC and in particular Jack Woollen for providing access and support for processing radiosonde observations and NCAR including Doug Hunt for support in accessing COSMIC data. The contents of this manuscript do not necessarily reflect any position of the U.S. government or NOAA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 29 IS 5 BP 629 EP 645 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00072.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 947MY UT WOS:000304435300001 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Rabin, R Otkin, J Kain, JS Dembek, S AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Rabin, Robert Otkin, Jason Kain, John S. Dembek, Scott TI Visualizing Model Data Using a Fast Approximation of a Radiative Transfer Model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-CONTROL; NEURAL-NETWORK; CLOUD COVER; RESOLUTION; PREDICTION; PARAMETERIZATION; ASSIMILATION; VALIDATION; CONVECTION; STEP AB Visualizing model forecasts using simulated satellite imagery has proven very useful because the depiction of forecasts using cloud imagery can provide inferences about meteorological scenarios and physical processes that are not characterized well by depictions of those forecasts using radar reflectivity. A forward radiative transfer model is capable of providing such a visible-channel depiction of numerical weather prediction model output, but present-day forward models are too slow to run routinely on operational model forecasts. It is demonstrated that it is possible to approximate the radiative transfer model using a universal approximator whose parameters can be determined by fitting the output of the forward model to inputs derived from the raw output from the prediction model. The resulting approximation is very close to the result derived from the complex radiative transfer model and has the advantage that it can be computed in a small fraction of the time required by the forward model. This approximation is carried out on model forecasts to demonstrate its utility as a visualization and forecasting tool. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Rabin, Robert; Kain, John S.; Dembek, Scott] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Dembek, Scott] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Otkin, Jason] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM lakshman@ou.edu RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845 FU NOAA; NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are grateful for support from the NOAA High Performance Computing and Communication (HPCC) program, which made this project possible. Funding for the lead author was provided under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. We thank Tom Greenwald for his suggestions throughout the project. We also thank Justin Sieglaff for his suggestion to include an analysis of the NN approximation error by reflectance value (Fig. 2). NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 29 IS 5 BP 745 EP 754 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00007.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 947MY UT WOS:000304435300009 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT Aamer, KA Lee, YJ Vartiainen, E AF Cicerone, Marcus T. Aamer, Khaled A. Lee, Young Jong Vartiainen, Erik TI Maximum entropy and time-domain Kramers-Kronig phase retrieval approaches are functionally equivalent for CARS microspectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE CARS; Phase Retrieval; Kramers-Kronig ID RAMAN SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; STEM-CELLS; COHERENT; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; TISSUE; LASER; TRANSFORM AB Phase retrieval methods are used to recover Raman spectra from multiplex and broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy signals. Two methods are in widespread use, one based on maximum entropy, and one based on a modified time-domain KramersKronig method. Here we compare these methods with respect to their ability to faithfully and robustly recover Raman spectra from coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy spectra simulated to reproduce a range of scenarios expected for experimental data and their efficiency. We find that the time-domain KramersKronig and maximum entropy approaches perform in functionally equivalent ways, having only minor differences between them. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Aamer, Khaled A.; Lee, Young Jong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vartiainen, Erik] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Dept Math & Phys, Lappeenranta, Finland. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Vartiainen, Erik/0000-0001-5850-8673 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 SI SI BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1002/jrs.3169 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 943UD UT WOS:000304149900008 ER PT J AU Simiu, E Lombardo, FT Yeo, D AF Simiu, Emil Lombardo, Franklin T. Yeo, DongHun TI Discussion of "Ultimate Wind Load Design Gust Wind Speeds in the United States for Use in ASCE-7" by Peter J. Vickery, Dhiraj Wadhera, Jon Galsworthy, Jon A. Peterka, Peter A. Irwin, and Lawrence A. Griffis SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAP; FILLIBEN,JAMES,J; WILCOX,ROSEANNE; SADEK,FAHIM; SIMIU,EMIL C1 [Simiu, Emil; Lombardo, Franklin T.; Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lombardo, FT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM franklin.lombardo@nist.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 138 IS 5 BP 660 EP 661 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000145 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 941AC UT WOS:000303933200013 ER PT J AU Soler, T Han, JY Smith, D AF Soler, Tomas Han, Jen-Yu Smith, Dru TI Local Accuracies SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Local accuracies; Adjustment of data; Variance-covariance matrices ID RIGOROUS ESTIMATION AB The objective of this case study is to evaluate the different approximations in the technical literature that are used to compute the variance-covariance matrix of local accuracies. This analysis compares the rigor and validity of the four most common mathematical formulations that are used for computing the variance-covariance matrix of local accuracies, as determined from the original global Cartesian variance-covariance matrix Sigma((x,y,z)) of any given three-dimensional network. These empirical results, which are strictly established on the accepted definition of local accuracies (also referred to as relative accuracies), are an attempt to clarify the adopted standards for computing the variance-covariance matrices of local accuracies. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000069. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Han, Jen-Yu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, 1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov; jyhan@ntu.edu.tw; Dru.Smith@noaa.gov RI Han, Jen-Yu/B-5521-2009; Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 OI Han, Jen-Yu/0000-0001-9555-4214; NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2012 VL 138 IS 2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000069 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 943CV UT WOS:000304099000004 ER PT J AU Klinck, H Mellinger, DK AF Klinck, Holger Mellinger, David K. TI The energy ratio mapping algorithm: A tool to improve the energy-based detection of odontocete echolocation clicks (vol 129, pg 1807, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 [Klinck, Holger] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Klinck, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM holger.klinck@oregonstate.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 131 IS 5 BP 4203 EP 4203 DI 10.1121/1.3699190 PG 1 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 936PD UT WOS:000303601600067 ER PT J AU Chollett, I Muller-Karger, FE Heron, SF Skirving, W Mumby, PJ AF Chollett, Iliana Mueller-Karger, Frank E. Heron, Scott F. Skirving, William Mumby, Peter J. TI Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of recent sea surface temperature trends in the Caribbean Sea and southeast Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; AVHRR pathfinder; Trend detection; Spatial variability ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; ENSO TELECONNECTION; GLOBAL TREND; EL-NINO; ECOLOGY; SATELLITE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; DISEASE AB Recent changes in ocean temperature have impacted marine ecosystem function globally. Nevertheless, the responses have depended upon the rate of change of temperature and the season when the changes occur, which are spatially variable. A rigorous statistical analysis of sea surface temperature observations over 25 years was used to examine spatial variability in overall and seasonal temperature trends within the wider Caribbean. The basin has experienced high spatial variability in rates of change of temperature. Most of the warming has been due to increases in summer rather than winter temperatures. However, warming was faster in winter in the Loop Current area and the south-eastern Caribbean, where the annual temperature ranges have contracted. Waters off Florida, Cuba and the Bahamas had a tendency towards cooling in winter, increasing the amplitude of annual temperature ranges. These detailed patterns can be used to elucidate ecological responses to climatic change in the region. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chollett, Iliana; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chollett, Iliana; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Mueller-Karger, Frank E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Chollett, I (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter, Devon, England. EM i.c.chollett-ordaz@ex.ac.uk RI Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011 OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427 FU EU; Higher Education Funding Council for England through the ORSAS; University of Exeter; GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AV24G]; NSF [0963028] FX Funding for this effort was provided by the EU Future of Reefs in a Changing Environment (FORCE) project, the Higher Education Funding Council for England through the ORSAS scheme, the University of Exeter, the GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNX09AV24G) and NSF Grant 0963028 awarded to FMK. We are grateful to Digna Rueda (University of South Florida) and several anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The contents of this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 77 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 64 IS 5 BP 956 EP 965 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 946FZ UT WOS:000304338200024 PM 22406045 ER PT J AU Jordan, SP Kobayashi, H Nagaj, D Nishimura, H AF Jordan, Stephen P. Kobayashi, Hirotada Nagaj, Daniel Nishimura, Harumichi TI ACHIEVING PERFECT COMPLETENESS IN CLASSICAL-WITNESS QUANTUM MERLIN-ARTHUR PROOF SYSTEMS SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems; perfect completeness ID COMPLEXITY; GAMES AB This paper proves that classical-witness quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems can achieve perfect completeness. That is, QCMA = QCMA(1). This holds under any gate set with which the Hadamard and arbitrary classical reversible transformations can be exactly implemented, e.g., {Hadamard, Toffoli, NOT}. The proof is quantumly nonrelativizing, and uses a simple but novel quantum technique that additively adjusts the success probability, which may be of independent interest. C1 [Jordan, Stephen P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kobayashi, Hirotada] Natl Inst Informat, Principles Informat Res Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Nagaj, Daniel] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Res Ctr Quantum Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Nishimura, Harumichi] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Math & Informat Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan. RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Nagaj, Daniel/D-4753-2013 OI Nagaj, Daniel/0000-0001-8370-9952 FU Sherman Fairchild Foundation; NSF [PHY-0803371]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [21300002, 21244007, 23246071]; Slovak Research and Development Agency [LPP-0430-09]; European project Q-ESSENCE; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan [22700014]; [APVV-0646-10] FX The authors thank Jake Taylor, Michele Mosca, and Pawel Wocjan for useful discussions, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the earlier version of this paper. Part of this work was performed while SJ was at the Institute for Quantum Computation at Caltech. He gratefully acknowledges the support he received from the Sherman Fairchild Foundation and NSF grant PHY-0803371 and thanks the Slovak Academy of Sciences for hospitality. HK is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No. 21300002 of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. DN gratefully acknowledges support from the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. LPP-0430-09, from the project APVV-0646-10, and European project Q-ESSENCE. HN is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) Nos. 21244007 and 23246071 of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) No. 22700014 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 461 EP 471 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 946TU UT WOS:000304380700007 ER PT J AU Zhang, KQ Liu, HQ Li, YP Xu, HZ Shen, J Rhome, J Smith, TJ AF Zhang, Keqi Liu, Huiqing Li, Yuepeng Xu, Hongzhou Shen, Jian Rhome, Jamie Smith, Thomas J., III TI The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE storm surges; mangroves; bioshields; Hurricane Wilma; surge modeling ID EVERGLADES-NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION BIOSHIELDS; COASTAL VEGETATION; NATURAL DISASTERS; LIGHTNING STRIKES; PROTECTIVE ROLE; REAL-TIME; TSUNAMI; HURRICANES; FORESTS AB Field observations and numerical simulations indicate that the 6-to-30-km-wide mangrove forest along the Gulf Coast of South Florida effectively attenuated storm surges from a Category 3 hurricane, Wilma, and protected the inland wetland by reducing an inundation area of 1800 km(2) and restricting surge inundation inside the mangrove zone. The surge amplitude decreases at a rate of 40-50 cm/km across the mangrove forest and at a rate of 20 cm/km across the areas with a mixture of mangrove islands with open water. In contrast, the amplitudes of storm surges at the front of the mangrove zone increase by about 10-30% because of the "blockage" of mangroves to surge water, which can cause greater impacts on structures at the front of mangroves than the case without mangroves. The mangrove forest can also protect the wetlands behind the mangrove zone against surge inundation from a Category 5 hurricane with a fast forward speed of 11.2 m/s (25 mph). However, the forest cannot fully attenuate storm surges from a Category 5 hurricane with a slow forward speed of 2.2 m/s (5 mph) and reduced surges can still affect the wetlands behind the mangrove zone. The effects of widths of mangrove zones on reducing surge amplitudes are nonlinear with large reduction rates (15-30%) for initial width increments and small rates (<5%) for subsequent width increments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Zhang, Keqi; Liu, Huiqing; Li, Yuepeng; Xu, Hongzhou] Florida Int Univ, Int Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Shen, Jian] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Rhome, Jamie] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Storm Surge Unit, Miami, FL 33165 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Zhang, KQ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM zhangk@fiu.edu FU NOM [NA09NWS4680018]; USGS; Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Program FX Drs. Keqi Zhang, Huiqing Liu, Yuepeng Li, and Hongzhou Xu were supported by a NOM grant NA09NWS4680018. Dr. T.J. Smith III was supported by both the USGS Ecosystems Theme and Climate and Land Use Change Theme. He also received support from the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 11 U2 77 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 102 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.02.021 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 936ZN UT WOS:000303628900002 ER PT J AU Allen, RA AF Allen, Richard A. TI Special Section on the International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Allen, Richard A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allen, Richard A.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.allen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0894-6507 J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 129 EP 129 DI 10.1109/TSM.2011.2181675 PG 1 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 941WS UT WOS:000303999400001 ER PT J AU Alexander, MA Seo, H Xie, SP Scott, JD AF Alexander, Michael A. Seo, Hyodae Xie, Shang Ping Scott, James D. TI ENSO's Impact on the Gap Wind Regions of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; COSTA-RICA DOME; EL-NINO; ROSSBY WAVES; NORTH PACIFIC; WARM POOL; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; CENTRAL-AMERICA AB The recently released NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) is used to examine the response to ENSO in the northeast tropical Pacific Ocean (NETP) during 1979-2009. The normally cool Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) associated with wind jets through the gaps in the Central American mountains at Tehuantepec, Papagayo, and Panama are substantially warmer (colder) than the surrounding ocean during El Nino (La Nina) events. Ocean dynamics generate the ENSO-related SST anomalies in the gap wind regions as the surface fluxes damp the SSTs anomalies, while the Ekman heat transport is generally in quadrature with the anomalies. The ENSO-driven warming is associated with large-scale deepening of the thermocline; with the cold thermocline water at greater depths during El Nino in the NETP, it is less likely to be vertically mixed to the surface, particularly in the gap wind regions where the thermocline is normally very close to the surface. The thermocline deepening is enhanced to the south of the Costa Rica Dome in the Papagayo region, which contributes to the local ENSO-driven SST anomalies. The NETP thermocline changes are due to coastal Kelvin waves that initiate westward-propagating Rossby waves, and possibly ocean eddies, rather than by local Ekman pumping. These findings were confirmed with regional ocean model experiments: only integrations that included interannually varying ocean boundary conditions were able to simulate the thermocline deepening and localized warming in the NETP during El Nino events; the simulation with variable surface fluxes, but boundary conditions that repeated the seasonal cycle, did not. C1 [Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Seo, Hyodae] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Xie, Shang Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Xie, Shang Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Scott, James D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.alexander@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 FU NOAA office of Global Programs; NSF Climate and Global Dynamics Division; NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team FX This research was supported by grants from the NOAA office of Global Programs and the NSF Climate and Global Dynamics Division. We thank Justin Small for his insightful comments on atmosphere and ocean processes in the gap wind regions, and Bo Qiu, Weiqing Han, and Baylor Fox-Kemper for their insights on Rossby wave propagation in the NETP. We also acknowledge the support from the NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 25 IS 10 BP 3549 EP 3565 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00320.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942IL UT WOS:000304037400006 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Wang, WQ Kumar, A Wang, H Jha, B AF Chen, Mingyue Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun Wang, Hui Jha, Bhaskar TI Ocean Surface Impacts on the Seasonal-Mean Precipitation over the Tropical Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; MODEL SIMULATIONS; FORECAST SYSTEM; SUMMER MONSOON; DIPOLE MODE; ENSO; PACIFIC AB This study analyzes factors affecting the predictability of seasonal-mean precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean. The analysis focuses on the contributions from the local sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the Indian Ocean, the remote SST forcing related to ENSO in the tropical eastern Pacific, and the role of local air-sea coupling. To understand the impacts of the individual factors, the prediction skill over the tropical Indian Ocean for four model simulations, but with different treatments for the ocean, are compared. The seasonality in precipitation skill, the local precipitation-SST relationship, and prediction skill related to Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM) are examined. It is found that the importance of the accuracy of local SST and the presence of local air-sea coupling in the Indian Ocean has a strong seasonal dependence. Accurate local SSTs are important during the boreal fall season, whereas the local air-sea coupling is important during the boreal spring. The precipitation skill over the Indian Ocean during boreal winter is primarily from ENSO. However, ENSO impacts are better realized with the inclusion of an interactive ocean. For all four seasons, the simulation without the interannual variations of local SST in the Indian Ocean shows the least precipitation skill and a much weaker seasonality. It is also found that, for the simulation where the global SSTs are relaxed to the observations and hence maintain some level of active air-sea coupling, the observed seasonal cycle of precipitation-SST relationship is reproduced reasonably well. In addition, the analysis also shows that simulations with accurate SST forcing display high precipitation skill during strong IODM events, indicating that IODM SST acts as a forcing for the atmospheric variability. C1 [Chen, Mingyue; Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA NWS NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Hui; Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, CPC, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM mingyue.chen@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 25 IS 10 BP 3566 EP 3582 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00318.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942IL UT WOS:000304037400007 ER PT J AU Aiyyer, A Mekonnen, A Schreck, CJ AF Aiyyer, Anantha Mekonnen, Ademe Schreck, Carl J., III TI Projection of Tropical Cyclones on Wavenumber-Frequency-Filtered Equatorial Waves SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; DISTURBANCES; CYCLOGENESIS; BRIGHTNESS; PACIFIC AB The impact of localized convection associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) on activity ascribed to equatorial waves is estimated. An algorithm is used to remove outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) signal in the vicinity of observed tropical cyclones, and equatorial wave modes are extracted using the standard wavenumber-frequency decomposition method. The results suggest that climatological activity of convection-coupled equatorial waves is overestimated where TC tracks are densest. The greatest impact is found for equatorial Rossby (ER)- and tropical depression (TD)-type waves followed by the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). The basins most affected are the eastern and western North Pacific Ocean where, on average, TCs may contribute up to 10%-15% of the climatological wave amplitude variance in these modes. In contrast, Kelvin waves are least impacted by the projection of TCs. The results are likely relevant for studies on the climatology of equatorial waves in observations and global climate model simulations and for those examining individual cases of TC genesis modulated by equatorial wave activity. C1 [Aiyyer, Anantha] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mekonnen, Ademe] N Carolina A&T Univ, Dept Energy & Environm Syst, Greensboro, NC USA. [Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Schreck, Carl J., III] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Aiyyer, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM aaiyyer@ncsu.edu RI Aiyyer, Anantha/A-4295-2012; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011; OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754; Aiyyer, Anantha/0000-0002-9706-956X FU NSF [ATM-0847323] FX This work was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0847323. We thank Dr. George Kiladis and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 25 IS 10 BP 3653 EP 3658 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00451.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942IL UT WOS:000304037400015 ER PT J AU Sharda, V Srivastava, P Ingram, K Chelliah, M Kalin, L AF Sharda, V. Srivastava, P. Ingram, K. Chelliah, M. Kalin, L. TI Quantification of El Nino Southern Oscillation impact on precipitation and streamflows for improved management of water resources in Alabama SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE composite analysis; correlation; El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO); precipitation; streamflow ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; RIVER-BASIN; ENSO; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; RAINFALL; FLOW; US; ATMOSPHERE AB There is increased pressure on the water resources of the southeastern United States due to the rapidly growing population of the region. This pressure is further exacerbated by the severe seasonal to interannual climate variability this region experiences, most of which has been attributed to the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Understanding the regional impacts of ENSO on precipitation and streamflow is a valuable tool for water resource managers in the region. This study was undertaken to develop a clear picture of the effect of ENSO on observed precipitation and streamflow anomalies in Alabama to help managers in the state with decision making. The effect of ENSO on precipitation in eight climate divisions of Alabama was assessed using 59 years (1950 to 2008) of monthly historical data. In addition, eight unimpaired streams (one in each climate division) were selected to study the relationship between ENSO and streamflow. Results indicate a significant relationship between ENSO and precipitation as well as between ENSO and streamflow. However, different parts of the state respond differently to ENSO. For precipitation, it was found that the relationship is significant during winter months with dry conditions being associated with La Nina in the southern climate divisions. A fairly strong relationship was also found during other months. Streamflows show high variability and positive correlation during winter months in the southern climate divisions. The results obtained can provide a basis for water resource managers in Alabama to incorporate climate variability caused by ENSO in their decision making related to soil and water conservation. C1 [Sharda, V.; Srivastava, P.] Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ingram, K.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, SE Climate Consortium, Gainesville, FL USA. [Chelliah, M.] Natl Ocean & Atomospher Adm Sci Ctr, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kalin, L.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sharda, V (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA); National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) FX The authors wish to acknowledge the funding provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA) Sectoral Applications Research Program (SARP) and the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) for this research. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 3 BP 158 EP 172 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.158 PG 15 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 944FW UT WOS:000304185700007 ER PT J AU O'Neill, SM Beckwith, K Begelman, MC AF O'Neill, Sean M. Beckwith, Kris Begelman, Mitchell C. TI Local simulations of instabilities in relativistic jets - I. Morphology and energetics of the current-driven instability SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE instabilities; MHD; methods: numerical; pulsars: general; galaxies: jets ID UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC CYLINDRICAL FLOWS; ELECTRON-POSITRON JET; CURRENT-CARRYING JETS; DOUBLE RADIO-SOURCES; GAMMA-RAY FLARES; FORCE-FREE JETS; ASTROPHYSICAL JETS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CRAB-NEBULA AB We present the results of a numerical investigation of current-driven instability (CDI) in magnetized jets. Utilizing the well-tested, relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code ATHENA, we construct an ensemble of local, comoving plasma columns in which initial radial force balance is achieved through various combinations of magnetic, pressure and rotational forces. We then examine the resulting flow morphologies and energetics to determine the degree to which these systems become disrupted, the amount of kinetic energy amplification attained and the non-linear saturation behaviours. Our most significant finding is that the details of initial force balance have a pronounced effect on the resulting flow morphology. Models in which the initial magnetic field is force-free deform, but do not become disrupted. Systems that achieve initial equilibrium by balancing pressure gradients and/or rotation against magnetic forces, however, tend to shred, mix and develop turbulence. In all cases, the linear growth of CDI is well represented by analytic models. CDI-driven kinetic energy amplification is slower and saturates at a lower value in force-free models than in those that feature pressure gradients and/or rotation. In rotating columns, we find that magnetized regions undergoing rotational shear are driven towards equipartition between kinetic and magnetic energies. We show that these results are applicable for a large variety of physical parameters, but we caution that algorithmic decisions (such as choice of Riemann solver) can affect the evolution of these systems more than physically motivated parameters. C1 [O'Neill, Sean M.; Beckwith, Kris; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Neill, Sean M.; Beckwith, Kris; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sean.m.oneill@jila.colorado.edu; kris.beckwith@jila.colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU NASA ATP [NNX09AG02G]; NSF [AST-0907872, CNS-0821794]; National Science Foundation through XSEDE resources at the Texas Advanced Computing Center [TG-AST090106]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We thank the anonymous referee for his/her helpful comments. We acknowledge the support of NASA ATP grant NNX09AG02G and NSF grant AST-0907872. This research was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation through XSEDE resources at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TG-AST090106). This work also utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Visualization utilized VISIT, a visualization suite developed and maintained by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 422 IS 2 BP 1436 EP 1452 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20721.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 940SG UT WOS:000303912800045 ER PT J AU Kohler, S Begelman, MC Beckwith, K AF Kohler, Susanna Begelman, Mitchell C. Beckwith, Kris TI Recollimation boundary layers in relativistic jets SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; relativistic processes; shock waves; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; RADIO-SOURCES; HYDRODYNAMIC COLLIMATION; MAGNETIC ACCELERATION; SIMULATIONS; FLOWS; CONFINEMENT; INSTABILITY; STABILITY AB We study the collimation of relativistic hydrodynamic jets by the pressure of an ambient medium in the limit where the jet interior has lost causal contact with its surroundings. For a jet with an ultrarelativistic equation of state and external pressure that decreases as a power of spherical radius, p ? r-?, the jet interior will lose causal contact when ? > 2. However, the outer layers of the jet gradually collimate towards the jet axis as long as ? < 4, leading to the formation of a shocked boundary layer. Assuming that pressure matching across the shock front determines the shape of the shock, we study the resulting structure of the jet in two ways: first by assuming that the pressure remains constant across the shocked boundary layer and looking for solutions to the shock jump equations, and then by constructing self-similar boundary-layer solutions that allow for a pressure gradient across the shocked layer. We demonstrate that the constant-pressure solutions can be characterized by four initial parameters that determine the jet shape and whether the shock closes to the axis. We show that self-similar solutions for the boundary layer can be constructed that exhibit a monotonic decrease in pressure across the boundary layer from the contact discontinuity to the shock front, and that the addition of this pressure gradient in our initial model generally causes the shock front to move outwards, creating a thinner boundary layer and decreasing the tendency of the shock to close. We discuss trends based on the value of the pressure power-law index ?. C1 [Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Beckwith, Kris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Beckwith, Kris] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kohler, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kohlers@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu; kris.beckwith@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF [AST-0907872]; NASA FX We thank Greg Salvesen, Sean O'Neill and Jake Simon for valuable discussions, Francois Hebert for numerical computation advice and Krzysztof Nalewajko for comments on this manuscript. This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907872 and NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Guest Investigator programme. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 422 IS 3 BP 2282 EP 2290 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20776.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 939YZ UT WOS:000303858400033 ER PT J AU Simon, JB Beckwith, K Armitage, PJ AF Simon, Jacob B. Beckwith, Kris Armitage, Philip J. TI Emergent mesoscale phenomena in magnetized accretion disc turbulence SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; instabilities; MHD; turbulence ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; ZERO NET FLUX; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; SHEARING BOX; PROTOPLANETARY DISCS; STRATIFIED DISKS; ISOTHERMAL DISKS AB We study how the structure and variability of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in accretion discs converge with domain size. Our results are based on a series of vertically stratified local simulations, computed using the athena MHD code, that have fixed spatial resolution, but varying radial and azimuthal extent (from ?R= 0.5H to 16H, where H is the vertical scale height). We show that elementary local diagnostics of the turbulence, including the ShakuraSunyaev a parameter, the ratio of Maxwell stress to magnetic energy and the ratio of magnetic to fluid stresses, converge to within the precision of our measurements for spatial domains of radial size Lx= 2H. We obtain a? 0.020.03, consistent with other recent determinations. Very small domains (Lx= 0.5H) return anomalous results, independent of spatial resolution. This convergence with domain size, however, is only valid for a limited set of diagnostics: larger spatial domains admit the emergence of dynamically important mesoscale structures. In our largest simulations, the Maxwell stress shows a significant large-scale non-local component, while the density develops long-lived axisymmetric perturbations (zonal flows) at the 20 per cent level. Most strikingly, the variability of the disc in fixed-sized patches decreases strongly as the simulation volume increases, while variability in the magnetically dominated corona remains constant. Comparing our largest local simulations to global simulations with comparable spatial resolution, we find generally good agreement. There is no direct evidence that the presence of curvature terms or radial gradients in global calculations materially affect the turbulence, except to perhaps introduce an outer radial scale for mesoscale structures. The demonstrated importance of mean magnetic fields seen in both large local and global simulations implies, however, that the growth and saturation of these fields is likely of critical importance for the evolution of accretion discs. C1 [Simon, Jacob B.; Beckwith, Kris; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Beckwith, Kris; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Simon, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jbsimon@jila.colorado.edu; kris.beckwith@jila.colorado.edu; pja@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NSF [AST-0807471, AST-0907872]; NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G]; NSF through Texas Advanced Computing Center; National Institute for Computational Science [TG-AST090106] FX We thank Mitch Begelman, Charles Gammie, Julian Krolik, Omer Blaes, Shigenobu Hirose, Kareem Sorathia, Jim Stone, Xioayue Guan, Shane Davis and John Hawley for useful discussions and advice. We also thank an anonymous referee for useful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This work was supported by the NSF under grant numbers AST-0807471 and AST-0907872, and by NASA under grant numbers NNX09AB90G and NNX11AE12G. This research was supported in part by the NSF through TeraGrid resources provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center and the National Institute for Computational Science under grant number TG-AST090106. We also acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC and visualization resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper. Computations were also performed on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences. NR 51 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 422 IS 3 BP 2685 EP 2700 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20835.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 939YZ UT WOS:000303858400071 ER PT J AU Ponti, G Fender, RP Begelman, MC Dunn, RJH Neilsen, J Coriat, M AF Ponti, G. Fender, R. P. Begelman, M. C. Dunn, R. J. H. Neilsen, J. Coriat, M. TI Ubiquitous equatorial accretion disc winds in black hole soft states SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disc; blackhole physics; methods: observational; techniques: spectroscopic; quasars: absorption lines; X-rays: binaries ID COMPTON-HEATED WINDS; RADIATIVE-HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; GRO J1655-40; EMISSION-LINE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; XMM-NEWTON; CORONAE; H1743-322 AB High-resolution spectra of Galactic black holes (GBHs) reveal the presence of highly ionized absorbers. In one GBH, accreting close to the Eddington limit for more than a decade, a powerful accretion disc wind is observed to be present in softer X-ray states and it has been suggested that it can carry away enough mass and energy to quench the radio jet. Here we report that these winds, which may have mass outflow rates of the order of the inner accretion rate or higher, are a ubiquitous component of the jet-free soft states of all GBHs. We furthermore demonstrate that these winds have an equatorial geometry with opening angles of few tens of degrees, and so are only observed in sources in which the disc is inclined at a large angle to the line of sight. The decrease in Fe XXV/Fe XXVI line ratio with Compton temperature, observed in the soft state, suggests a link between higher wind ionization and harder spectral shapes. Although the physical interaction between the wind, accretion flow and jet is still not fully understood, the mass flux and power of these winds and their presence ubiquitously during the soft X-ray states suggest they are fundamental components of the accretion phenomenon. C1 [Ponti, G.; Fender, R. P.; Coriat, M.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunn, R. J. H.] Tech Univ Munich, Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Munich, Germany. [Neilsen, J.] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ponti, G (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM ponti@iasfbo.inaf.it RI Dunn, Robert/O-5910-2016 OI Dunn, Robert/0000-0003-2469-5989 FU EU [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF-254279]; NASA ATP [NNX09AG02G]; NSF [AST-0907872]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [SV3-73016]; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060] FX The authors wish to thank L. Calvillo, M. Giustini, E. Koerding, C. Knigge and G. Dubus for discussion. This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku and RXTE satellites. GP acknowledges support via an EU Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship under contract no. FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF-254279. MCB acknowledges support from NASA ATP grant NNX09AG02G and NSF grant AST-0907872. JN acknowledges additional support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory contract SV3-73016 to MIT for support of the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. NR 41 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 422 IS 1 BP L11 EP L15 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01224.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 940SE UT WOS:000303912600003 ER PT J AU Batchelder, HP Mackas, DL O'Brien, TD AF Batchelder, Harold P. Mackas, David L. O'Brien, Todd D. TI Spatial-temporal scales of synchrony in marine zooplankton biomass and abundance patterns: A world-wide comparison SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; SURVIVAL RATES; REGIME SHIFTS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION SYNCHRONY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Large scale synchrony in the fluctuations of abundance or biomass of marine fish populations in regions on opposite sides of an ocean basin or in different oceans have been viewed as externally forced by correlated environmental stochasticity (e.g., common external forcing), most often as atmospheric teleconnections of basin-to-global scale atmospheric forcing, such as the Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Specific causal mechanisms have been difficult to unequivocally discover, but possible mechanisms include influences on habitat temperatures, productivity operating through bottom-up (trophodynamic) mechanisms or direct climate influence on the fish populations (top-down mechanisms). For small pelagic fishes (sardines and anchovies) in widely separated large marine ecosystems that lack obvious ocean interconnectivity, it has been argued that the teleconnections may be atmospheric, acting on the fishes directly and propagating to the ecosystem from the middle out (wasp-waist species). Zooplankton biomass or abundance time series data from >100 sites world-wide are used to examine the spatial scales of coherent temporal synchrony. If spatially correlated environmental factors (like climate) are important for creating synchrony in fish populations via bottom-up effects (trophic interactions involving fish prey, e.g., zooplankton), then we would expect to observe synchrony in fluctuations of zooplankton biomass/numbers at spatial scales similar to those found for fish species. Zooplankton biomass/abundance have 50% spatial decorrelation scales of ca. 700-1400 km and scales of significant coherence that extend to separation distances of ca. 3000 km. These are also the spatial scales of environmental (sea surface temperature) synchrony from our global analysis. These scales are slightly greater than the 50% decorrelation scales of ca. 150-700 km for recruitment synchrony in Atlantic marine fish and survival and recruitment synchrony of Northeast Pacific salmonids (150-1000 km depending on species). However, the spatial scales of synchrony of annual zooplankton biomass anomalies in the Humboldt Current, California Current and Kuroshio ecosystems of the Pacific are much too small (ca. 2000 km) to be directly causal of the basin-scale (7000-15,000 km) synchrony exhibited by sardine and/or anchovy populations in those ecosystems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Batchelder, Harold P.] Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mackas, David L.] Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [O'Brien, Todd D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Batchelder, HP (reprint author), Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hbatchelder@coas.oregonstate.edu; Dave.Mackas@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; Todd.Obrien@noaa.gov FU US GLOBEC; National Science Foundation [OCE-0535378, OCE-0816358]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [OCE-0535378, OCE-0816358]; North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES); SCOR FX This is a contribution of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research Working Group 125 on Global Comparisons of Zooplankton Time Series. The authors wish to thank SCOR and the sponsors of the Associate Members of the working group, esp. the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES; who sponsored the lead author's participation in the workshops) for their support. Time for preparing the analysis and writing of this paper by HPB was supported by the US GLOBEC program, which is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (OCE-0535378; OCE-0816358). This is US GLOBEC contribution #679. Lastly, we wish to express our sincere gratitude to all of the scientists world-wide who contributed datasets to the SCOR WG125 that allowed this synthesis, and to the many plankton ecologists that had the foresight to initiate time-series collections of zooplankton and to sustain them for many years. NR 78 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAY-JUL PY 2012 VL 97 SI SI BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.11.010 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 941IX UT WOS:000303958000002 ER PT J AU Weng, FZ Liu, QH Zou, XL AF Weng FuZhong Liu QuanHua Zou XiaoLei TI On the environmental information for solar and wind energy facilities SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE wind energy; solar energy; predictability; assessment ID REANALYSIS; RADIATION; SCALE; CERES; POWER AB Wind and solar energy are projected to be major sources of the world's power in the coming decades. In this study, we first introduce satellite observations for surface solar irradiance and wind, and then discuss using the data for prediction and assessment of energy distribution. Using the current NCEP global forecast model (GFS), the global mean and standard deviation of solar power at the surface for the 5-d forecast are about 212 and 124 W/m(2), respectively. For a 24-h forecast of a 3-h mean, the relative error is about 30%, and for a prediction of the daily mean, it is about 15%. The relative error of wind power forecasts for a 24-h forecast of a 3-h mean and a daily mean is 70% and 35%, respectively. The reanalysis results based on satellite observations and numerical weather prediction model are also used to study the distribution of solar and wind energy and the variation of the distribution related to climate change. No significant trend in downward solar radiation is found at the surface in the reanalysis data sets. Surface wind power however exhibits a significant positive trend as the global temperature is warming up. A comparison of a decadal mean wind energy between two decades (from 1949 to 1958 vs. from 1999 to 2008) shows that most of Asia had experienced a decrease in surface wind energy. Therefore, decisions about renewable energy developments need to consider such climate change scenarios. C1 [Weng FuZhong] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu QuanHua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zou XiaoLei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zou XiaoLei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Fuzhong.Weng@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB951600]; NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy and decision. Authors would like to express sincere thanks to anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951600) and NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-7313 EI 1869-1897 J9 SCI CHINA EARTH SCI JI Sci. China-Earth Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 796 EP 801 DI 10.1007/s11430-012-4365-8 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 940AN UT WOS:000303862500011 ER PT J AU Sander, TH Preusser, J Mhaskar, R Kitching, J Trahms, L Knappe, S AF Sander, T. H. Preusser, J. Mhaskar, R. Kitching, J. Trahms, L. Knappe, S. TI Magnetoencephalography with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MICROFABRICATED VAPOR CELL; RESPONSES; BRAIN; FIELD; ROOM AB We report on the measurement of somatosensory-evoked and spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer (CSAM) based on optical spectroscopy of alkali atoms. The uncooled, fiber-coupled CSAM has a sensitive volume of 0.77 mm(3) inside a sensor head of volume 1 cm(3) and enabled convenient handling, similar to an electroencephalography (EEG) electrode. When positioned over O1 of a healthy human subject, alpha-oscillations were observed in the component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the scalp surface. Furthermore, by stimulation at the right wrist of the subject, somatosensory-evoked fields were measured with the sensors placed over C3. Higher noise levels of the CSAM were partly compensated by higher signal amplitudes due to the shorter distance between CSAM and scalp. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Sander, T. H.; Trahms, L.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. [Preusser, J.; Mhaskar, R.; Kitching, J.; Knappe, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Mhaskar, R.; Knappe, S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sander, TH (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. EM knappe@boulder.nist.gov NR 32 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 47 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 981 EP 990 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 935RH UT WOS:000303537400015 PM 22567591 ER PT J AU Gupta, V Discenza, M Guyon, JR Kunkel, LM Beggs, AH AF Gupta, Vandana Discenza, Marie Guyon, Jeffrey R. Kunkel, Louis M. Beggs, Alan H. TI alpha-Actinin-2 deficiency results in sarcomeric defects in zebrafish that cannot be rescued by alpha-actinin-3 revealing functional differences between sarcomeric isoforms SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE skeletal muscle; cytoskeletal; myofibrillogenesis; gene duplication; evolution ID ALPHA-ACTININ GENE; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; MUSCLE METABOLISM; BINDING PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; RECEPTOR; CLONING; MUTANT; CELLS AB alpha-Actinins are actin-binding proteins that can be broadly divided into Ca2+-sensitive cytoskeletal and Ca2+-insensitive sarcomeric isoforms. To date, little is known about functional differences between the isoforms due to their indistinguishable activities in most in vitro assays. To identify functional differences in vivo between sarcomeric isoforms, we employed computational and molecular approaches to characterize the zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome, which contains orthologoues of each human alpha-actinin gene, including duplicated copies of actn3. Each isoform exhibits a distinct and unique pattern of gene expression as assessed by mRNA in situ hybridization, largely sharing similar expression profiles as seen in humans. The spatial conservation of expression of these genes from lower invertebrates to humans suggests that regulation and subsequent functions of these genes are conserved during evolution. Morpholino-based knockdown of the sarcomeric isoform, actn2, leads to skeletal muscle, cardiac, and ocular defects evident over the first week of development. Remarkably, despite the high degree of sequence conservation between actn2 and actn3, the phenotypes of alpha-actinin-2 deficient zebrafish can be rescued by overexpression of alpha-actinin-2 but not by alpha-actinin-3 mRNAs from zebrafish or human. These data provide functional evidence that the primary sequences of alpha-actinin-2 and alpha-actinin-3 evolved differences to optimize their functions.-Gupta, V., Discenza, M., Guyon, J. R., Kunkel, L. M., Beggs, A. H. alpha-Actinin-2 deficiency results in sarcomeric defects in zebrafish that cannot be rescued by alpha-actinin-3 revealing functional differences between sarcomeric isoforms. FASEB J. 26, 1892-1908 (2012). www.fasebj.org C1 [Gupta, Vandana; Discenza, Marie; Guyon, Jeffrey R.; Kunkel, Louis M.; Beggs, Alan H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res,Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gupta, Vandana; Discenza, Marie; Guyon, Jeffrey R.; Kunkel, Louis M.; Beggs, Alan H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res,Genom Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Guyon, Jeffrey R.] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Beggs, AH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res,Div Genet, CLSB 15026,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM beggs@enders.tch.harvard.edu FU U.S. National Institute for Child Health and Human Development; U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NIH-P30-HD-18655]; NIH, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease [R01 AR044345]; Muscular Dystrophy Association [MDA201302]; Lee and Penny Anderson Family Foundation; William Hearst Foundation FX The authors gratefully thank Dr. Genri Kawahara and Dr. Yukio Nakamura (Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA) for sharing reagents. The authors thank Ryan Darnall for technical help in these studies and Dr. Yi Zhao for help with zebrafish genomic analysis. The authors thank members of the A. H. B. and L. M. K. laboratories for critically reading the manuscript. The authors also thank Chris Lawrence and Jason Best (Zebrafish Facility, Children's Hospital Boston) for sharing their wonderful expertise with zebrafish. Antibodies F59 and F310 (developed by F. E. Stockdale) and MF20 (developed by D. A. Fischman) were obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank supported under the auspices of the U.S. National Institute for Child Health and Human Development and maintained by The University of Iowa Department of Biology (Iowa City, IA, USA). Confocal microscopy was performed at Children's Hospital Boston Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research Center imaging core, supported by U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant NIH-P30-HD-18655. This work was supported by funding from the NIH, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease (R01 AR044345), the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA201302), and the Lee and Penny Anderson Family Foundation to A. H. B. and a William Hearst Foundation fellowship to V.G. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1892 EP 1908 DI 10.1096/fj.11-194548 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 937TD UT WOS:000303680800018 PM 22253474 ER PT J AU Blanchard, PT Bertness, KA Harvey, TE Sanders, AW Sanford, NA George, SM Seghete, D AF Blanchard, Paul T. Bertness, Kris A. Harvey, Todd E. Sanders, Aric W. Sanford, Norman A. George, Steven M. Seghete, Dragos TI MOSFETs Made From GaN Nanowires With Fully Conformal Cylindrical Gates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atomic layer deposition (ALD); conformal gate; gallium nitride; MOSFETs; nanowires ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GROWTH; TRANSISTORS; NUCLEATION AB We report novel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) based on individual gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires with fully conformal cylindrical gates. The W/Al2O3 gates were deposited by atomic layer deposition. Reversebias breakdown voltages exceeded the largest gate voltage tested (-35 V). The nanowire MOSFETs showed complete pinchoff, with threshold voltages between -4 and -12V. Maximum transcon-ductances exceeded 10 mu S, and ON/OFF current ratios higher than 10(8) were measured. Significant gating hysteresis and memory effects were also present, indicative of charge traps. Although further optimization is needed, these results represent a promising step forward in the development of efficient GaN nanowire-based FETs. C1 [Blanchard, Paul T.; Bertness, Kris A.; Harvey, Todd E.; Sanders, Aric W.; Sanford, Norman A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [George, Steven M.; Seghete, Dragos] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [George, Steven M.; Seghete, Dragos] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Blanchard, PT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.blanchard@nist.gov; kris.bertness@nist.gov; todd.harvey@nist.gov; aric.sanders@nist.gov; norman.sanford@nist.gov; Steven.George@Colorado.edu; Dragos.Seghete@Colorado.edu RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X EI 1941-0085 J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2011.2177993 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 940MV UT WOS:000303894600010 ER PT J AU Zuo, ZY Yang, S Kumar, A Zhang, RH Xue, Y Jha, B AF Zuo, Zhiyan Yang, Song Kumar, Arun Zhang, Renhe Xue, Yan Jha, Bhaskar TI Role of Thermal Condition over Asia in the Weakening Asian Summer Monsoon under Global Warming Background SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; INDIAN MONSOON; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; EURASIAN CONTINENT; ENSO RELATIONSHIP; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES AB The large-scale Asian summer monsoon circulation has experienced a weakening tendency in recent decades. Using observed data and output from model experiments with the atmospheric component of the NCEP Climate Forecast System, the authors show that a relatively smaller warming in Asia compared to the surrounding regions may be a plausible reason for this change in the monsoon. Although the surface temperature over Asia has increased, the landmass has become a relative "heat sink" because of the larger warming in other regions of the world. Indeed, over Asia, the vertically integrated tropospheric temperature in the most recent decades is colder than that in the earlier decades, a feature different from the characteristics outside Asia. C1 [Yang, Song; Kumar, Arun; Xue, Yan; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zuo, Zhiyan; Zhang, Renhe] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFA21430]; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [2010Z001]; NOAA-CMA FX The authors appreciate the several constructive discussions with Dr. Dong Xiao of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). Comments from three anonymous reviewers have improved the overall quality of this paper. This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40921003, the International S&T Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant 2009DFA21430, the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences under Grant 2010Z001, and the NOAA-CMA bilateral program. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 25 IS 9 BP 3431 EP 3436 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00742.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 939OV UT WOS:000303822700023 ER PT J AU Sanders, J Myers, MS Tomanek, L Cali, A Takvorian, PM Kent, ML AF Sanders, Justin Myers, Mark S. Tomanek, Lars Cali, Ann Takvorian, Peter M. Kent, Michael L. TI Ichthyosporidium weissii n. sp (Microsporidia) Infecting the Arrow Goby (Clevelandia ios) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Electron microscopy; gonads; neoplasia; new species; parasite; phylogeny ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; FISH; PARASITE AB Gonadal infections by a novel microsporidium were discovered in 34% (13/38) of arrow gobies, Clevelandia ios, sampled over a 3-yr period from Morro Bay Marina in Morro Bay, California. Gonadal tumors had been reported in arrow gobies from this geographic area. The infected gonads, found primarily in females, typically appeared grossly as large, white-gray firm and lobulated masses. Histological examination revealed large, multilobate xenomas within the ovaries and no evidence of neoplasia. Typical of the genus Ichthyosporidium, the large xenomas were filled with developmental stages and pleomorphic spores. Wet mount preparations showed two general spore types: microspores with mean length of 6.2 (7.04.9, SD=0.6, N=20) mu m and mean width of 4.3 (5.32.9, SD=0.8) mu m; and less numerous macrospores with mean length of 8.5 (10.17.1, SD=1.0, N=10) mu m and mean width of 5.5 (6.24.8, SD=0.5) mu m. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated stages consistent with the genus and 3550 turns of the polar filament. Small subunit rDNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the parasite from arrow gobies was most closely related to, but distinct from Ichthyosporidium sp. based on sequences available in GenBank. We conclude that this microsporidium represents a new species of Ichthyosporidium, the first species of this genus described from a member of the family Gobiidae and from the Pacific Ocean. C1 [Sanders, Justin; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Myers, Mark S.] NOAA Fisheries, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Tomanek, Lars] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Environm Prote Lab, Ctr Coastal Marine Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Cali, Ann; Takvorian, Peter M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Takvorian, Peter M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Sanders, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Justin.Sanders@oregonstate.edu RI Sanders, Justin/F-5977-2011 FU National Institutes of Health [NIH NCRR 5R24RR017386-02, NIH NCRR P40 RR12546-03S1] FX This study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH NCRR 5R24RR017386-02 and NIH NCRR P40 RR12546-03S1). We thank Jennifer Oquendo and Sarah Johnson for fish collection, Teresa Sawyer, Oregon State University Electron Microscopy Facility, for TEM specimen processing and support, the OSU Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory and the UC Davis Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory for histological slide preparation, and Dr. T. Peterson, Oregon State University, for helpful comments and review of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00619.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 939KB UT WOS:000303807700008 PM 22486936 ER PT J AU Prat, OP Barros, AP Testik, FY AF Prat, Olivier P. Barros, Ana P. Testik, Firat Y. TI On the Influence of Raindrop Collision Outcomes on Equilibrium Drop Size Distributions SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLLECTION-BREAKUP EQUATION; COALESCENCE EFFICIENCIES; EVOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATIONS; REPRESENTATION; RAINFALL; VELOCITY; SPECTRA; MODEL AB The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a new parameterization of drop-drop collision outcomes based on the relationship between Weber number and drop diameter ratios on the dynamical simulation of raindrop size distributions. Results of the simulations with the new parameterization are compared with those of the classical parameterizations. Comparison with previous results indicates on average an increase of 70% in the drop number concentration and a 15% decrease in rain intensity for the equilibrium drop size distribution (DSD). Furthermore, the drop bounce process is parameterized as a function of drop size based on laboratory experiments for the first time in a microphysical model. Numerical results indicate that drop bounce has a strong influence on the equilibrium DSD, in particular for very small drops (<0.5 mm), leading to an increase of up to 150% in the small drop number concentration (left-hand side of the DSD) when compared to previous modeling results without accounting for bounce effects. C1 [Prat, Olivier P.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Barros, Ana P.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Testik, Firat Y.] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Coll Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Prat, OP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM opprat@ncsu.edu RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Barros, Ana/A-3562-2011 OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; Barros, Ana/0000-0003-4606-3106 FU Pratt School of Engineering; NASA at Duke University [NNX07AK40G, NNX10AH66G] FX This research was supported in part by the Pratt School of Engineering, and NASA Grants NNX07AK40G and NNX10AH66G at Duke University with the second author. The first author was a postdoctoral fellow in the Barros group at Duke University when this research was conducted. The authors express their gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable and constructive comments. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1534 EP 1546 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0192.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 936YK UT WOS:000303625700005 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Pintar, AL Hagedorn, JG Fenimore, CP Heussel, CP AF Levine, Zachary H. Pintar, Adam L. Hagedorn, John G. Fenimore, Charles P. Heussel, Claus P. TI Uncertainties in RECIST as a measure of volume for lung nodules and liver tumors SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray imaging; RECIST; tumor size; volumetric measurement; LIDC database ID RESPONSE EVALUATION CRITERIA; IMAGE DATABASE CONSORTIUM; SOLID TUMORS; CANCER; LESIONS; LIDC AB Purpose: The authors wish to determine the extent to which the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) can predict tumor volumes and changes in volume using clinical data. Methods: The data presented are a reanalysis of data acquired in other studies, including the public database from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and from a study of liver tumors. Results: The principal result is that a given RECIST diameter predicts volume to a factor of 16 or 10 for the two data sets, respectively, by examining 95% prediction bounds and that changes in volume are predicted only little better: to within a factor of 7 for the liver data. The WHO criteria reduce the prediction bounds by a factor of 1.3 in all cases. Also, the RECIST threshold of 10 mm to measure a nodule corresponds to a transition zone width of a factor of more than 2 in volume for the nodules in the LIDC database. Conclusions: While the RECIST diameter is certainly correlated with the volume, and similarly for changes in these quantities, the use of the diameter introduces additional variation assuming volume is the quantity of interest. Exactly how much this reduces the statistical power of clinical drug trials is a key open question for future research. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3701791] C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Pintar, Adam L.; Hagedorn, John G.; Fenimore, Charles P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heussel, Claus P.] Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Chest Clin, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 39 IS 5 BP 2628 EP 2637 DI 10.1118/1.3701791 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 936QE UT WOS:000303604300033 PM 22559633 ER PT J AU Vigh, JL Knaff, JA Schubert, WH AF Vigh, Jonathan L. Knaff, John A. Schubert, Wayne H. TI A Climatology of Hurricane Eye Formation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC TROUGH; INNER CORE REGION; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; MATURE HURRICANES; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; DVORAK TECHNIQUE; ATLANTIC AB This paper presents a climatology of the initial eye formations of a broad set of Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) during 1989-2008. A new dataset of structure and intensity parameters is synthesized from the vortex data messages transmitted by routine aircraft reconnaissance. Using these data together with satellite imagery and other established datasets, the times when each TC achieved various stages of eye development are tabulated to form the basis of the climatology. About 60% of Atlantic TCs form eyes. Most often, aircraft observe the eye structure before it appears in IR satellite imagery. Eyes tend to form in high potential intensity environments characterized by high sea surface temperatures and low-to-moderate environmental vertical wind shear. A notable discovery is that most (67%) TCs that form eyes tend to do so within 48 h of the cyclone's reaching tropical storm strength. This suggests the existence of an opportune time window during which a TC can readily form an eye. From the lengths of time taken to reach various stages of eye development, the characteristic time scale for eye formation is estimated to be about 36 h. C1 [Vigh, Jonathan L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Vigh, Jonathan L.; Schubert, Wayne H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Vigh, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jvigh@ucar.edu RI Vigh, Jonathan/B-7604-2008; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Vigh, Jonathan/0000-0001-6399-563X; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU National Science Foundation; Advanced Study Program; NCAR Earth System Laboratory; NASA/TCSP [NNG06GA54G]; NSF [ATM-0332197, ATM-0837932] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; We owe an enormous debt to the brave flight crews of the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron and NOAA's Aircraft Operation Center who put themselves at risk each time they collect these vital data. Without their dedication and diligence, this study would not have been possible. We thank Steve Feuer, A. Barry Damiano, John Pavone, Chris Sisko, Christopher Juckins, Mark Zimmer, Christopher Landsea, and Neal Dorst for their assistance in obtaining the many VDM messages. They, along with Eric Blake, Jonathan Talbot, Jack Parrish, and Nicholas Carrasco, graciously answered our many questions about the VDM contents, history, and usage. Buck Sampson and James Franklin provided information about the ATCF b-decks. We thank Ray Zehr and Mark DeMaria for their insightful suggestions, and Mary Haley and David Brown for their programming advice. Chris Davis, George Bryan, Chris Rozoff, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments that led to improvements in the manuscript. The first author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Advanced Study Program and the NCAR Earth System Laboratory. This research was supported by NASA/TCSP Grant NNG06GA54G and by NSF Grants ATM-0332197 and ATM-0837932. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1426 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00108.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 939EQ UT WOS:000303790800001 ER PT J AU Rauhala, J Brooks, HE Schultz, DM AF Rauhala, Jenni Brooks, Harold E. Schultz, David M. TI Tornado Climatology of Finland SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WATERSPOUTS; CLASSIFICATION; DOWNBURSTS; PREDICTION; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; OUTBREAK; GREECE AB A tornado climatology for Finland is constructed from 1796 to 2007. The climatology consists of two datasets. A historical dataset (1796-1996) is largely constructed from newspaper archives and other historical archives and datasets, and a recent dataset (1997-2007) is largely constructed from eyewitness accounts sent to the Finnish Meteorological Institute and news reports. This article describes the process of collecting and evaluating possible tornado reports. Altogether, 298 Finnish tornado cases compose the climatology: 129 from the historical dataset and 169 from the recent dataset. An annual average of 14 tornado cases occur in Finland (1997-2007). A case with a significant tornado (F2 or stronger) occurs in our database on average every other year, composing 14% of all tornado cases. All documented tornadoes in Finland have occurred between April and November. As in the neighboring countries in northern Europe, July and August are the months with the maximum frequency of tornado cases, coincident with the highest lightning occurrence both over land and sea. Waterspouts tend to be favored later in the summer, peaking in August. The peak month for significant tornadoes is August. The diurnal peak for tornado cases is 1700-1859 local time. C1 [Rauhala, Jenni; Schultz, David M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Schultz, David M.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Schultz, David M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div Atmospher Sci, Helsinki, Finland. RP Rauhala, J (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1,POB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM jenni.rauhala@fmi.fi RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 FU Vaisala Oyj; Academy of Finland [126853] FX We thank Sylvain Joffre (Finnish Meteorological Institute) for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and Pentti Pirinen (Finnish Meteorological Institute) for providing data for Fig. 2b. Partial funding for Schultz comes from Vaisala Oyj and Grant 126853 from the Academy of Finland. NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1446 EP 1456 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00196.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 939EQ UT WOS:000303790800003 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Xue, M Tong, MJ AF Jung, Youngsun Xue, Ming Tong, Mingjing TI Ensemble Kalman Filter Analyses of the 29-30 May 2004 Oklahoma Tornadic Thunderstorm Using One- and Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes, with Verification against Polarimetric Radar Data SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; PART I; DATA ASSIMILATION; CONVECTIVE STORMS; DOPPLER RADAR; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DUAL-POLARIZATION AB The performance of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analysis is investigated for the tornadic supercell on 29-30 May 2004 in Oklahoma using a dual-moment (DM) bulk microphysics scheme in the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model. The comparison of results using single-moment (SM) and DM microphysics schemes evaluates the benefits of using one over the other during storm analysis. Observations from a single operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) are assimilated and a polarimetric WSR-88D in Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), is used to assess the quality of the analysis. Analyzed reflectivity and radial velocity in the SM and DM experiments compare favorably with independent radar observations in general. However, simulated polarimetric signatures obtained from analyses using a DM scheme agree significantly better with polarimetric signatures observed by KOUN in terms of the general structure, location, and intensity of the signatures than those generated from analyses using an SM scheme. These results demonstrate for the first time for a real supercell storm that EnKF data assimilation using a numerical model with an adequate microphysics scheme (i.e., a scheme that predicts at least two moments of the hydrometeor size distributions) is capable of producing polarimetric radar signatures similar to those seen in observations without directly assimilating polarimetric data. In such cases, the polarimetric data also serve as completely independent observations for the verification purposes. C1 [Jung, Youngsun] Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming; Tong, Mingjing] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Jung, YS (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 4226,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM youngsun.jung@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837 FU NSF [EEC-0313747, AGS-0802888, AGS-0608168, AGS-0750790, OCI-0905040]; NOAA [NA080AR4320904] FX The authors thank Louis Wicker for his helpful comments and Nathan Snook for proofreading. The authors also thank Matthew Kumjian for helpful discussions on the KOUN data quality issue. This work was primarily supported by NSF Grant EEC-0313747. Supplementary support was also provided by NSF Grants AGS-0802888, AGS-0608168, AGS-0750790, OCI-0905040, and NOAA Warn-on-Forecast Grant NA080AR4320904. The computations were performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) and OSCER Director Henry Neeman provided valuable technical expertise. Supercomputing resources at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications were also used. NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1457 EP 1475 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00032.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 939EQ UT WOS:000303790800004 ER PT J AU Chang, HL Yuan, HL Lin, PL AF Chang, Hui-Ling Yuan, Huiling Lin, Pay-Liam TI Short-Range (0-12 h) PQPFs from Time-Lagged Multimodel Ensembles Using LAPS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; MEI-YU SEASONS; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; TAIWAN AREA; SYSTEM; INITIALIZATION; MODEL; SKILL AB This study pioneers the development of short-range (0-12 h) probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) in Taiwan and aims to produce the PQPFs from time-lagged multimodel ensembles using the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS). By doing so, the critical uncertainties in prediction processes can be captured and conveyed to the users. Since LAPS adopts diabatic data assimilation, it is utilized to mitigate the "spinup" problem and produce more accurate precipitation forecasts during the early prediction stage (0-6 h). The LAPS ensemble prediction system (EPS) has a good spread skill relationship and good discriminating ability. Therefore, though it is obviously wet biased, the forecast biases can be corrected to improve the skill of PQPFs through a linear regression (LR) calibration procedure. Sensitivity experiments for two important factors affecting calibration results are also conducted: the experiments on different training samples and the experiments on the accuracy of observation data. The first point reveals that the calibration results vary with training samples. Based on the statistical viewpoint, there should be enough samples for an effective calibration. Nevertheless, adopting more training samples does not necessarily produce better calibration results. It is essential to adopt training samples with similar forecast biases as validation samples to achieve better calibration results. The second factor indicates that as a result of the inconsistency of observation data accuracy in the sea and land areas, only separate calibration for these two areas can ensure better calibration results of the PQPFs. C1 [Yuan, Huiling] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Huiling] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yuan, Huiling] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chang, Hui-Ling; Lin, Pay-Liam] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Chang, Hui-Ling] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Yuan, HL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM yuanhl@nju.edu.cn RI Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013 FU NOAA/ESRL/GSD; LAPS system; CWB of Taiwan; Natural Science Foundation of China [41175087]; R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY201206005]; Scientific Research Foundation for Introduced Talent, Nanjing University [020722631003]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions FX The NOAA/ESRL/GSD has supported the technology transfer of the PQPF calibration technique (Yuan et al. 2008) and the LAPS system. Thanks to Drs. Fanthune Moeng, John A. McGinley, and Yuanfu Xie, and Steve Albersat NOAA/ESRL/GSD for facilitating the collaboration and CWB of Taiwan for supporting this project. Thanks to Ms. Annie Reiser at NOAA/ESRL for editing this manuscript and Dr. Chien-Ben Chou at CWB for helpful discussions. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The second author (H. Yuan) received the support from Natural Science Foundation of China (41175087), the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY201206005), Scientific Research Foundation for Introduced Talent, Nanjing University (020722631003), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1496 EP 1516 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00085.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 939EQ UT WOS:000303790800006 ER PT J AU Wheatley, DM Stensrud, DJ Dowell, DC Yussouf, N AF Wheatley, Dustan M. Stensrud, David J. Dowell, David C. Yussouf, Nusrat TI Application of a WRF Mesoscale Data Assimilation System to Springtime Severe Weather Events 2007-09 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; INITIAL CONDITION; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; PART I; TESTS; SCHEME; PARAMETERIZATION AB An ensemble-based data assimilation system using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) has been used to initialize forecasts of prolific severe weather events from springs 2007 to 2009. These experiments build on previous work that has shown the ability of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation to produce realistic mesoscale features, such as drylines and convectively driven cold pools, which often play an important role in future convective development. For each event in this study, severe weather parameters are calculated from an experimental ensemble forecast started from EnKF analyses, and then compared to a control ensemble forecast in which no ensemble-based data assimilation is performed. Root-mean-square errors for surface observations averaged across all events are generally smaller for the experimental ensemble over the 0-6-h forecast period. At model grid points nearest to tornado reports, the ensemble-mean significant tornado parameter (STP) and the probability that STP > 1 are often greater in the experimental 0-6-h ensemble forecasts than in the control forecasts. Likewise, the probability of mesoscale convective system (MCS) maintenance probability (MMP) is often greater with the experimental ensemble at model grid points nearest to wind reports. Severe weather forecasts can be sharpened by coupling the respective severe weather parameter with the probability of measurable rainfall at model grid points. The differences between the two ensembles are found to be significant at the 95% level, suggesting that even a short period of ensemble data assimilation can yield improved forecast guidance for severe weather events. C1 [Wheatley, Dustan M.; Yussouf, Nusrat] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wheatley, Dustan M.; Stensrud, David J.; Yussouf, Nusrat] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Dowell, David C.] NOAA, OAR, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wheatley, DM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dustan.wheatley@noaa.gov RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015; OI Yussouf, Nusrat/0000-0003-4998-1770 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA08OAR4320904]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors appreciate the help obtained from the Information Technology Services group at NSSL in maintaining the computer systems used to conduct this research. The authors would also like to thank staff from the Data Assimilation Research Section (DAReS) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for their user support. Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1539 EP 1557 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00106.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 939EQ UT WOS:000303790800008 ER PT J AU Galarneau, TJ Hamill, TM Dole, RM Perlwitz, J AF Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr. Hamill, Thomas M. Dole, Randall M. Perlwitz, Judith TI A Multiscale Analysis of the Extreme Weather Events over Western Russia and Northern Pakistan during July 2010 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HEAT-WAVE; UNITED-STATES; MONSOON RAINFALL; BIG THOMPSON; SUMMER; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; REGION; FLOOD; OSCILLATION AB This manuscript presents a detailed multiscale analysis-using observations, model analyses, and ensemble forecasts-of the extreme heat wave over Russia and-historic floods over Pakistan during late July 2010, with an emphasis on the floods over northern Pakistan. The results show that recirculation of air and dynamically driven subsidence occurring with the intensification of the blocking anticyclone in late July 2010 were key factors for producing the exceptionally warm temperatures over western Russia. Downstream energy dispersion from the blocking region led to trough deepening northwest of Pakistan and ridge building over the Tibetan Plateau, thereby providing the linkage between the Russian heat wave and Pakistan flood events on the large scale, in agreement with previous studies. The extratropical downstream energy dispersion and enhanced convective outflow on the large scale associated with the active phase of the Madden-Julian oscillation facilitated the formation of an intense upper-level jet northwest of Pakistan. During this same period an intense southeasterly, low-level, barrier jet like feature formed over northern Pakistan in conjunction with a westward-moving monsoon depression. This low-level jet and deep easterly flow on the equatorward flank of an anomalous anticyclone over the Tibetan Plateau further enhanced the transport of deep tropical moisture into Pakistan and produced a sustained upslope flow and an extended period of active convection, thereby providing an important contribution leading to the exceptional rainfall amounts. The deep easterly flow and intense low-level jet were features that were absent during previous convective episodes over northern Pakistan in 2010, and hence, were likely key factors in the increased severity of the late July event. C1 [Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr.; Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hamill, Thomas M.; Dole, Randall M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Galarneau, TJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tomjr@ucar.edu RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU NOAA; CIRES FX This study is supported by (i) NOAA's THORPEX program and (ii) a CIRES visiting fellowship. Conversations with Rich Grumm (NOAA/NWS) and Prof. Russ Schumacher (Colorado State University), and feedback received during a scientific map discussion at the Physical Sciences Division in the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory led by the lead author, contributed to this work. Dave Vollaro (University at Albany, SUNY) is thanked for help in processing the TRMM rainfall data. Dr. Klaus Wolter (CIRES/University of Colorado) is thanked for collecting and tabulating climatological rainfall information over Pakistan. Prof. Lance Bosart (University at Albany, SUNY) is thanked for providing an informal review on an earlier version of the manuscript. Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their critical comments and suggestions. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1639 EP 1664 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00191.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 939EQ UT WOS:000303790800014 ER PT J AU Balijepalli, A Gorman, JJ Gupta, SK LeBrun, TW AF Balijepalli, Arvind Gorman, Jason J. Gupta, Satyandra K. LeBrun, Thomas W. TI Significantly Improved Trapping Lifetime of Nanoparticles in an Optical Trap using Feedback Control SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Optical trapping; feedback control; trap lifetime; nanomanipulation; FPGA ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; FORCE CLAMP; TWEEZERS AB We demonstrate an increase in trapping lifetime for optically trapped nanoparticles by more than an order of magnitude using feedback control, with no corresponding increase in beam power. Langevin dynamics simulations were used to design the control law, and this technique was then demonstrated experimentally using 100 nm gold particles and 350 nm silica particles. No particle escapes were detected with the controller on, leading to lower limits on the increase in lifetime for 100 nm gold particles of 26 times (at constant average beam power) and 22 times for 350 nm silica particles (with average beam power reduced by one-third). The approach described here can be combined with other techniques, such as counter propagating beams or higher-order optical modes, to trap the smallest nanoparticles and can be used to reduce optical heating of particles that are susceptible to photodamage, such as biological systems. C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; LeBrun, Thomas W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gorman, Jason J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balijepalli, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arvind@nist.gov; lebrun@nist.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 2347 EP 2351 DI 10.1021/nl300301x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 937XE UT WOS:000303696400030 PM 22489842 ER PT J AU Comes, R Liu, HX Kholchov, M Kasica, R Lu, JW Wolf, SA AF Comes, Ryan Liu, Hongxue Kholchov, Mikhail Kasica, Richard Lu, Jiwei Wolf, Stuart A. TI Directed Self-Assembly of Epitaxial CoFe2O4-BiFeO3 Multiferroic Nanocomposites SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Directed self-assembly; multiferroics; nanocomposites; e-beam lithography; BiFeO3; CoFe2O4 ID NANOSTRUCTURES; FILM; ANISOTROPY; CRYSTAL; GROWTH; BIFEO3; SRTIO3 AB CoFe2O4 (CFO)-BiFeO3 (BFO) nanocomposites are an intriguing option for future memory and logic technologies due to the magnetoelectric properties of the system. However, these nanocomposites form with CFO pillars randomly located within a BFO matrix, making implementation in devices difficult. To overcome this, we present a technique to produce patterned nanocomposites through self-assembly. CFO islands are patterned on Nb-doped SrTiO3 to direct the self-assembly of epitaxial CFO-BFO nanocomposites, producing square arrays of CFO pillars. C1 [Comes, Ryan; Liu, Hongxue; Kholchov, Mikhail; Lu, Jiwei; Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kholchov, Mikhail] Guilford Coll, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA. [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Comes, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rcomes@virginia.edu RI Comes, Ryan/A-1957-2013 OI Comes, Ryan/0000-0002-5304-6921 FU Nano-electronics Research Initiative, NSF [DMR-08-19762]; DARPA [HR-0011-10-1-0072]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Nano-electronics Research Initiative, NSF (DMR-08-19762) and DARPA (HR-0011-10-1-0072). R.C. also wishes to acknowledge funding from the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. Research performed in part at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Jerrold Floro for helpful comments on the work. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 109 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 2367 EP 2373 DI 10.1021/nl3003396 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 937XE UT WOS:000303696400034 PM 22486737 ER PT J AU Stan, G Krylyuk, S Davydov, AV Levin, I Cook, RF AF Stan, G. Krylyuk, S. Davydov, A. V. Levin, I. Cook, R. F. TI Ultimate Bending Strength of Si Nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fracture strength; bending tests; Si nanowires; atomic force microscopy; nanomanipulation ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOINDENTATION TECHNIQUES; GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; PERFORMANCE; PLASTICITY; FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Test platforms for the ideal strength of materials are provided by almost defect-free nanostructures (nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, for example). In this work, the ultimate bending strengths of Si nanowires with radii in the 20-60 nm range were investigated by using a new bending protocol. Nanowires simply held by adhesion on flat substrates were bent through sequential atomic force microscopy manipulations. The bending states prior to failure were analyzed in great detail to measure the bending dynamics and the ultimate fracture strength of the investigated nanowires. An increase in the fracture strengths from 12 to 18 GPa was observed as the radius of nanowires was decreased from 60 to 20 nm. The large values of the fracture strength of these nanowires, although comparable with the ideal strength of Si, are explained in terms of the surface morphology of the nanowires. C1 [Stan, G.; Levin, I.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, S.; Davydov, A. V.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 2599 EP 2604 DI 10.1021/nl300957a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 937XE UT WOS:000303696400074 PM 22494191 ER PT J AU Choi, JH Fafarman, AT Oh, SJ Ko, DK Kim, DK Diroll, BT Muramoto, S Gillen, JG Murray, CB Kagan, CR AF Choi, Ji-Hyuk Fafarman, Aaron T. Oh, Soong Ju Ko, Dong-Kyun Kim, David K. Diroll, Benjamin T. Muramoto, Shin Gillen, J. Greg Murray, Christopher B. Kagan, Cherie R. TI Bandlike Transport in Strongly Coupled and Doped Quantum Dot Solids: A Route to High-Performance Thin-Film Electronics SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Quantum dots; band-transport; field-effect transistor; cadmium-selenide; doping; thermal diffusion; thiocyanate ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; COLLOIDAL SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; N-TYPE; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PBSE; SUPERLATTICES; INDIUM; SIZE; DIFFUSION; CLUSTERS AB We report bandlike transport in solution-deposited, CdSe QD thin-films with room temperature field-effect mobilities for electrons of 27 cm(2)/(V s). A concomitant shift and broadening in the QD solid optical absorption compared to that of dispersed samples is consistent with electron delocalization and measured electron mobilities. Annealing indium contacts allows for thermal diffusion and doping of the QD thin-films, shifting the Fermi energy, filling traps, and providing access to the bands. Temperature-dependent measurements show bandlike transport to 220 K on a SiO2 gate insulator that is extended to 140 K by reducing the interface trap density using an Al2O3/SiO2 gate insulator. The use of compact ligands and doping provides a pathway to high performance, solution-deposited QD electronics and optoelectronics. C1 [Fafarman, Aaron T.; Murray, Christopher B.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Choi, Ji-Hyuk; Oh, Soong Ju; Ko, Dong-Kyun; Kim, David K.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Diroll, Benjamin T.; Murray, Christopher B.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Choi, Ji-Hyuk] CNRS Rhodia UPenn, UMI 3254, Complex Assemblies Soft Matter, Bristol, PA 19007 USA. [Muramoto, Shin; Gillen, J. Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kagan, CR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kagan@seas.upenn.edu RI Kim, David/C-1985-2008; Fafarman, Aaron/B-7943-2014; Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016; Oh, Soong Ju/C-8842-2015 OI Fafarman, Aaron/0000-0003-3652-3383; Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X; Oh, Soong Ju/0000-0003-1434-8844 FU NSF MRSEC [DMR11-20901]; NSF [DMR11-20901, DMS-0935165]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0002158]; NSF-CBET [CBET-0854226]; Northrop Grumann FX We thank Felice Macera for photography and Xingchen Ye for assistance with SEM. J.-H.C. and C.RK. acknowledge support from the NSF MRSEC under Award No. DMR11-20901. A.T.F., B.T.D., C.R.K, and C.B.M. are grateful for support from the NSF Solar Program under Award No. DMS-0935165. S.J.O. and C.R.K. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Award No. DE-SC0002158. D.K.K. acknowledges support from NSF-CBET (Grant CBET-0854226). D.-K.K. and C.B.M. recognize support from Northrop Grumann. The X-ray and microscope facilities used in this work are supported in part by NSF MRSEC under Award No. DMR11-20901. NR 56 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 19 U2 189 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 2631 EP 2638 DI 10.1021/nl301104z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 937XE UT WOS:000303696400079 PM 22509936 ER PT J AU Belter, C AF Belter, Chris TI Visualizing Networks of Scientific Research SO ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Cent Lib, LAC Grp, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Belter, C (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, LAC Grp, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM chris.belter@noaa.gov RI Belter, Christopher/L-6487-2013 OI Belter, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-6880 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ONLINE INC PI WILTON PA 213 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-4007 USA SN 0146-5422 J9 ONLINE JI Online PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 941JS UT WOS:000303960100002 ER PT J AU Adler, F Diddams, SA AF Adler, Florian Diddams, Scott A. TI High-power, hybrid Er:fiber/Tm:fiber frequency comb source in the 2 mu m wavelength region SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; TM-DOPED FIBER; AMPLIFICATION; OSCILLATOR; GENERATION AB We present a 2 mu m frequency comb based on a reliable mode-locked Er: fiber laser with 100 MHz repetition rate. After shifting the spectrum of the amplified Er: fiber comb to longer wavelengths, a single-clad Tm/Ho:fiber is used as a self-pumped pre-amplifier to generate a coherent and broadband spectrum centered at 1.93 mu m. Subsequently, a cladding-pumped Tm:fiber amplifier boosts the system to a maximum output power of 4.8 W at 1.96 mu m. After compression in a compact grating compressor, our amplified Er: fiber/Tm:fiber hybrid system delivers as much as 2.9 W with a pulse duration of 141 fs. The system's comb properties are examined via heterodyne measurement. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Adler, Florian; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Adler, Florian] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); NIST-ARRA FX We thank T. Fortier, I. Hartl, K. Knabe, N. Newbury, J. Ye, J. Squier, and C. Durfee for valuable discussions and contributions. We also thank M. Hirano and Sumitomo Electric Industries for providing the HNF. This project was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). F. A. acknowledges support from the NIST-ARRA fellowship program. As a contribution of NIST, an agency of the United States government, this work is not subject to copyright in the United States. The mentioning of company and product names is for technical communication only and constitutes no endorsement by NIST. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1400 EP 1402 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 937MI UT WOS:000303662200003 PM 22555684 ER PT J AU Zhou, BB Du, J Gultepe, I Dimego, G AF Zhou, Binbin Du, Jun Gultepe, Ismail Dimego, Geoff TI Forecast of Low Visibility and Fog from NCEP: Current Status and Efforts SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; RADIATION FOG; PREDICTION; PARAMETERIZATION; ENSEMBLE; SCHEME; PROJECT; SYSTEM; SKILL; NMC AB Based on the visibility analysis data during November 2009 through April 2010 over North America from the Aviation Digital Database Service (ADDS), the performance of low visibility/fog predictions from the current operational 12 km-NAM, 13 km-RUC and 32 km-WRF-NMM models at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) was evaluated. The evaluation shows that the performance of the low visibility/fog forecasts from these models is still poor in comparison to those of precipitation forecasts from the same models. In order to improve the skill of the low visibility/fog prediction, three efforts have been made at NCEP, including application of a rule-based fog detection scheme, extension of the NCEP Short Range Ensemble Forecast System (SREF) to fog ensemble probabilistic forecasts, and a combination of these two applications. How to apply these techniques in fog prediction is described and evaluated with the same visibility analysis data over the same period of time. The evaluation results demonstrate that using the multi-rule-based fog detection scheme significantly improves the fog forecast skill for all three models relative to visibility-diagnosed fog prediction, and with a combination of both rule-based fog detection and the ensemble technique, the performance skill of fog forecasting can be further raised. C1 [Zhou, Binbin; Du, Jun; Dimego, Geoff] EMC NCEP NWS NOAA, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Gultepe, Ismail] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & SWRS, MRD, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Zhou, BB (reprint author), EMC NCEP NWS NOAA, IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Binbin.Zhou@noaa.gov FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) FX This research is, in part, in response to requirements and funding by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the FAA. Our special appreciation is given to the Aviation Weather Center for providing the Aviation Digital Data Service (ADDS) data to support this study. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 169 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 895 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0327-x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 933XU UT WOS:000303400900012 ER PT J AU Li, PY Fu, G Lu, CG AF Li, Pengyuan Fu, Gang Lu, Chungu TI Large-Scale Environmental Influences on the Onset, Maintenance, and Dissipation of Six Sea Fog Cases over the Yellow Sea SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sea fog; NPH; southerly winds; air temperature inversion layer ID CALIFORNIA COAST; STRATUS; SYSTEMS; EVENT AB Sea fog is typically formed and developed under a set of favorable environmental conditions, which are associated with the station pressure changes, sea level pressure, winds, temperature, water vapor supply, and sea surface temperature. Understanding of these environmental factors during the evolution of a sea fog episode is crucial for forecasting the occurrence and severity of sea fogs over the ocean and adjacent coastal areas. In this study, the large-scale environment variability of six fog events over the Yellow Sea was investigated. It was realized in the present study that the northwest Pacific Ocean high (NPH) is vital to fog formation over the Yellow Sea. In our study, six fog cases can be basically divided into two types: (1) pressure-weakening type, (2) pressure-strengthening type. The former type happened in spring and the latter type in summer. Prevailing southerly winds, accompanied with the well-positioned NPH, may supply a large amount of warm water vapor for the fog formation and maintenance. The intensity of the air temperature inversion is stronger in summer cases than that in spring ones. The wind direction change from south to north and the unstable lower atmosphere may lead to fog's dissipation. This study may provide a comprehensive understanding of sea fog's onset, maintenance, and dissipation over the Yellow Sea. C1 [Li, Pengyuan; Fu, Gang] Ocean Univ China, Lab Phys Oceanog, Dept Marine Meteorol, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Li, PY (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Lab Phys Oceanog, Dept Marine Meteorol, 238 Songling Rd, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. EM fugang@ouc.edu.cn RI li, pengyuan/E-6497-2013 OI li, pengyuan/0000-0003-1073-8079 FU China Scholarship Council; NOAA; National Natural Science Foundation of China [406750060]; Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2006AA09Z151]; State Oceanic Administration [908-02-03-10]; Chinese Meteorological Administration [GYHY200706031] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments for the improvement of this manuscript. P. Li would like to express his sincere thanks to the China Scholarship Council for their financial support, which made his study abroad at the U. S. Federal agency NOAA possible. C. Lu's efforts towards this study were supported by NOAA. G. Fu was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grant number 406750060, and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under the 863 Project grant number 2006AA09Z151. This work was also partly supported by the State Oceanic Administration under the grant 908-02-03-10, and the Chinese Meteorological Administration under the grant GYHY200706031. The authors would like to thank Ann Reiser for her help in editing the paper. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 169 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 983 EP 1000 DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0348-5 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 933XU UT WOS:000303400900017 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Powell, AM AF Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M., Jr. TI Uncertainty estimation of the global temperature trends for multiple radiosondes, reanalyses, and CMIP3/IPCC climate model simulations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; COUPLED MODEL; PART I; SATELLITE; DATASET; BIAS AB Based on three groups of datasets that include radiosondes, reanalyses, and climate model simulations (e.g., Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP3) from 1979 to 2008, the interannual variability, global temperature trends, and their uncertainty using ensemble spread among intra-group and inter-group datasets have been discussed. The results show that the interannual temperature variability increased from the troposphere to stratosphere, and the maximum occurs around 50 hPa. The CMIP3 climate models have the largest discrepancy in the stratosphere. The intra-group correlations at 500 hPa generally show high similarity within each data group while the inter-group correlations between reanalyses and the CMIP3 climate model simulations indicate lesser similarity. In contrast, the inter-group correlation at 50 hPa is improved except with the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project (JRA-25) dataset, and the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) reanalysis shows a weak cross correlation. The global temperature trends are highly dependent on the individual data sources. Compared to the radiosondes, the reanalyses show a large ensemble spread of trends in the stratosphere, and the CMIP3 climate model simulations have a large ensemble spread in the height of the crossover point where tropospheric warming changes into stratospheric cooling. The largest ensemble spread among the reanalyses in the stratosphere is mainly from the large discrepancy in the JRA-25 reanalysis after 1998 and a relatively weak anomaly in the 20CR before 1986. The largest ensemble spread among the CMIP3 climate models in the troposphere is related to the influence of both volcanic eruptions and El Nio/La Nia-Southern Oscillation events. The strong anomalies corresponding to the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon in 1982 and Mt Pinatubo in 1991 are clearly identified in the stratosphere. These volcanic eruptions reduced the warming in the troposphere and strengthened the cooling in the stratosphere during the most recent 30 years. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xu, Jianjun; Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research FX The NCEP-NCAR, NCEP-DOE, and NCEP-CFSR reanalysis data were obtained from NCDC. The 20CR reanalysis data were obtained from NCAR. The ERA-40 and ERA-interim reanalysis data were obtained from the ECMWF; JRA-25 reanalysis was obtained from Japan Meteorological Agency; MERRA reanalysis was obtained from NASA. The HADAT2, RAOBCORE, and RICH radiosonde datasets were obtained from the Met Office Hadley Centre website, and RATPAC was obtained from NOAA. The Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison collected and archived the model data. The authors would like to thank these agencies for providing the data. Special thanks to Dr. Sherwood for providing the IUK radiosonde data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 505 EP 518 DI 10.1007/s00704-011-0548-z PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 934TV UT WOS:000303470500014 ER PT J AU Guha, S Li, MD Tarlov, MJ Zechariah, MR AF Guha, Suvajyoti Li, Mingdong Tarlov, Michael J. Zechariah, Michael R. TI Electrospray-differential mobility analysis of bionanoparticles SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE electrospray-differential mobility analysis; viruses; proteins; gold-protein conjugates ID CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MALDI-TOF-MS; ION-MOBILITY; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; MOLECULAR ANALYZER; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; VIRUS; NANOPARTICLES; COMPLEXES AB Electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) is a versatile technique used to aerosolize bionanoparticles and measure their electrical mobility at ambient conditions. ES-DMA is similar to electrospray-mass spectrometry (ES-MS), but measures the effective particle size, rather than mass. It has a wide range of applications and nominally can be used to characterize biomolecules and nanoparticles ranging in size from a few nanometers (similar to 3 nm) to several hundred nanometers, to obtain multimodal size distributions in minutes. Although both the ES and the DMA are mature technologies, they are finding increased use in combination to characterize particles in liquids. In this paper, we review ES-DMA, and how it has recently been used to characterize bionanoparticles such as polymers, proteins, viruses, bacteriophages and nanoparticle-biomolecule conjugates. C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Zechariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zechariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zechariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014; OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 78 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 30 IS 5 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.02.003 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 937BT UT WOS:000303634700007 PM 22480574 ER PT J AU Resch-Genger, U Bremser, W Pfeifer, D Spieles, M Hoffmann, A DeRose, PC Zwinkels, JC Gauthier, F Ebert, B Taubert, RD Monte, C Voigt, J Hollandt, J Macdonald, R AF Resch-Genger, Ute Bremser, Wolfram Pfeifer, Dietmar Spieles, Monika Hoffmann, Angelika DeRose, Paul C. Zwinkels, Joanne C. Gauthier, Francois Ebert, Bernd Taubert, R. Dieter Monte, Christian Voigt, Jan Hollandt, Joerg Macdonald, Rainer TI State-of-the Art Comparability of Corrected Emission Spectra.1. Spectral Correction with Physical Transfer Standards and Spectral Fluorescence Standards by Expert Laboratories SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION-DOPED GLASS; QUANTUM YIELDS; FLUOROMETRY; CALIBRATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROFLUOROMETER; RECOMMENDATIONS; TRACEABILITY; LABELS; UNITS AB The development of fluorescence applications in the life and material sciences has proceeded largely without sufficient concern for the measurement uncertainties related to the characterization of fluorescence. instruments. In this first part of a two-part series on the state-of-the-art comparability of corrected emission spectra, four National Metrology Institutes active in high precision steady-state fluorometry performed a first comparison of fluorescence measurement capabilities by evaluating physical transfer standard (PTS)-based and reference material (RM)-based calibration methods. To identify achievable comparability and sources of error in instrument calibration, the emission spectra of three test dyes in the wavelength region from 300 to 770 nm were corrected and compared using both calibration methods. The results, obtained for typical spectrofluorometric (0 degrees/90 degrees transmitting) and colorimetric (45 degrees/0 degrees front-face) measurement geometries, demonstrated a comparability of corrected emission spectra within a relative standard uncertainty of 4.2% for PTS- and 2.4% for RM-based spectral correction when measurements and calibrations were performed under identical conditions. Moreover, the emission spectra of RMs F001 to F005, certified by BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, were confirmed. These RMs were subsequently used for the assessment of the comparability of RM-based corrected emission spectra of field laboratories using common commercial spectrofluorometers and routine measurement conditions in part 2 of this series (subsequent paper in this issue). C1 [Resch-Genger, Ute; Bremser, Wolfram; Pfeifer, Dietmar; Spieles, Monika; Hoffmann, Angelika] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, BAM, Div I 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [DeRose, Paul C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zwinkels, Joanne C.; Gauthier, Francois] NRC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Ebert, Bernd; Taubert, R. Dieter; Monte, Christian; Voigt, Jan; Hollandt, Joerg; Macdonald, Rainer] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. RP Resch-Genger, U (reprint author), Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, BAM, Div I 5, Richard Willstaetter Str 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM ute.resch@bam.de; paul.derose@nist.gov RI Hollandt, Jorg/A-2124-2014; Resch-Genger, Ute/B-8369-2009 OI Resch-Genger, Ute/0000-0002-0944-1115 FU German Ministry of Economics and Labor (BMWA) [BMWA VI A2-18, VI A2-17/03] FX We thank all participating laboratories for the efforts spent on participation in this laboratory intercomparison. BAM gratefully acknowledges financial support from the German Ministry of Economics and Labor (BMWA; Grants BMWA VI A2-18 and VI A2-17/03). BAM and PTB express their gratitude to Dr. A. Hope from PTB for the calibration of their diffuse reflectance standards. NIST thanks Dr. D. Duewer for advice on data analysis. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 9 BP 3889 EP 3898 DI 10.1021/ac2034503 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 933GS UT WOS:000303349200006 PM 22376085 ER PT J AU Resch-Genger, U Bremser, W Pfeifer, D Spieles, M Hoffmann, A DeRose, PC Zwinkels, JC Gauthier, F Ebert, B Taubert, RD Voigt, J Hollandt, J Macdonald, R AF Resch-Genger, Ute Bremser, Wolfram Pfeifer, Dietmar Spieles, Monika Hoffmann, Angelika DeRose, Paul C. Zwinkels, Joanne C. Gauthier, Francois Ebert, Bernd Taubert, R. Dieter Voigt, Jan Hollandt, Joerg Macdonald, Rainer TI State-of-the Art Comparability of Corrected Emission Spectra. 2. Field Laboratory Assessment of Calibration Performance Using Spectral Fluorescence Standards SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION-DOPED GLASS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE QUANTUM YIELDS; INTEGRATING SPHERE SETUP; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUOROMETRY; TIME; RECOMMENDATIONS; TRACEABILITY AB In the second part of this two-part series on the state-of-the-art comparability of corrected emission spectra, we have extended this assessment to the broader community of fluorescence spectroscopists by involving 12 field laboratories that were randomly selected on the basis of their fluorescence measuring equipment. These laboratories performed a reference material (RM)-based fluorometer calibration with commercially available spectral fluorescence standards following a standard operating procedure that involved routine measurement conditions and the data evaluation software LINKCORR developed and provided by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). This instrument specific emission correction curve was subsequently used for the determination of the corrected emission spectra of three test dyes, X, QS, and Y, revealing an average accuracy of 6.8% for the corrected emission spectra This compares well with the relative standard uncertainties of 4.2% for physical standard based spectral corrections demonstrated in the first part of this study (previous paper in this issue) involving an international group of four expert laboratories. The excellent comparability of the measurements of the field laboratories also demonstrates the effectiveness of RM-based correction procedures. C1 [Resch-Genger, Ute; Bremser, Wolfram; Pfeifer, Dietmar; Spieles, Monika; Hoffmann, Angelika] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, BAM, Div I 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [DeRose, Paul C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zwinkels, Joanne C.; Gauthier, Francois] NRC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Ebert, Bernd; Taubert, R. Dieter; Voigt, Jan; Hollandt, Joerg; Macdonald, Rainer] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. RP Resch-Genger, U (reprint author), Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, BAM, Div I 5, Richard Willstaetter Str 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM ute.resch@bam.de; paul.derose@nist.gov RI Hollandt, Jorg/A-2124-2014; Resch-Genger, Ute/B-8369-2009 OI Resch-Genger, Ute/0000-0002-0944-1115 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 9 BP 3899 EP 3907 DI 10.1021/ac203451g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 933GS UT WOS:000303349200007 PM 22376144 ER PT J AU Lubbeck, JL Dean, KM Ma, HR Palmer, AE Jimenez, R AF Lubbeck, Jennifer L. Dean, Kevin M. Ma, Hairong Palmer, Amy E. Jimenez, Ralph TI Microfluidic Flow Cytometer for Quantifying Photobleaching of Fluorescent Proteins in Cells SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MONOMERIC RED; STRUCTURAL BASIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; LIFETIME; LIGHT; SATURATION; ORANGE AB Traditional flow cytometers are capable of rapid cellular assays on the basis of fluorescence intensity and light scatter. Microfluidic flow cytometers have largely followed the same path of technological development as their traditional counterparts; however, the significantly smaller transport distance and resulting lower cell speeds in microchannels provides for the opportunity to detect novel spectroscopic signatures based on multiple, nontemporally coincident excitation beams. Here, we characterize the design and operation of a cytometer with a three beam, probe/bleach/probe geometry, employing HeLa suspension cells expressing fluorescent proteins. The data collection rate exceeds 20 cells/s under a range of beam intensities (5 kW to 179 kW/cm(2)). The measured percent photobleaching (ratio of fluorescence intensities excited by the first and third beams: S-beam3/S-beam1) partially resolves a mixture of four red fluorescent proteins in mixed samples. Photokinetic simulations are presented and demonstrate that the percent photobleaching reflects a combination of the reversible and irreversible photobleaching kinetics. By introducing a photobleaching optical signature, which complements traditional fluorescence intensity-based detection, this method adds another dimension to multichannel fluorescence cytometry and provides a means for flow-cytometry-based screening of directed libraries of fluorescent protein photobleaching. C1 [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Dean, Kevin M.; Ma, Hairong; Palmer, Amy E.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Ma, Hairong; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Ma, Hairong; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, Biofrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Palmer, AE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM amy.palmer@colorado.edu; rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu FU University of Colorado [T32 GM-065103]; National Science Foundation [0801680]; National Institutes of Health [GM083849] FX The authors received generous funding from the University of Colorado Molecular Biophysics Training Grant (T32 GM-065103), National Science Foundation Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (0801680), and the National Institutes of Health (GM083849 to AEP and R.J.). R.J. is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of NIST. The authors thank Dr. Roger Tsien for providing TagRFP-T, mCherry, and mOrange2. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 9 BP 3929 EP 3937 DI 10.1021/ac202825z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 933GS UT WOS:000303349200011 PM 22424298 ER PT J AU Stanton, TK Sellers, CJ Jech, JM AF Stanton, Timothy K. Sellers, Cynthia J. Jech, J. Michael TI Resonance classification of mixed assemblages of fish with swimbladders using a modified commercial broadband acoustic echosounder at 1-6 kHz SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; SCATTERING; ATLANTIC; BACKSCATTERING; COMPRESSION; DENSITY; TARGET; OCEANS; VOLUME; DEPTH AB Recently developed broadband acoustic methods were used to study mixed assemblages of fish spanning a wide range of lengths and species. Through a combination of resonance classification and pulse-compression signal processing, which provides for high-range resolution, a modified commercial broadband echosounder was demonstrated to provide quantitative information on the spatial distribution of the individual size classes within an assemblage. In essence, this system spectrally resolves the different size classes of fish that are otherwise not resolved spatially. This method reveals new insights into biological processes, such as predator-prey interactions, that are not obtainable through the use of a conventional narrowband high-frequency echosounder or previous broadband systems. A recent study at sea with this system revealed aggregations containing bladdered fish 15-30 cm in length (Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis)) and a variety of species of smaller fish 2-5 cm in length. These observations infer that the smaller 2-5 cm fish can be colocated in the same aggregations as their predator, the larger silver hake, as well as pre-spawning herring. While this technological advancement provides more information, there remain challenges in interpreting the echo spectra in terms of meaningful biological quantities such as size distribution and species composition. C1 [Stanton, Timothy K.; Sellers, Cynthia J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jech, J. Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Stanton, TK (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, 98 Water St,MS 11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tstanton@whoi.edu FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-04-1-0440, N00014-10-1-0127]; NOAA - National Marine Fisheries Service; WHOI Academic Programs Office FX We are grateful to Orest Diachok of the Applied Physics Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, for his thoughtful suggestions in the early stages of this work; Brian Guest and Josh Eaton of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for their assistance in preparation for and conducting the ocean experiment; and Shirley Barkley of WHOI for her assistance in preparing the manuscript. We also acknowledge the contributions of the captains and crews of the R/V Endeavor and FR/V Delaware II, as well as the reviewers of this paper for their thoughtful recommendations. This research was supported by the US Office of Naval Research (grant Nos. N00014-04-1-0440 and N00014-10-1-0127), NOAA - National Marine Fisheries Service; and the J. Seward Johnson Chair of the WHOI Academic Programs Office. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 5 BP 854 EP 868 DI 10.1139/F2012-013 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934MG UT WOS:000303447800006 ER PT J AU Satterthwaite, WH Mohr, MS O'Farrell, MR Wells, BK AF Satterthwaite, William Hallowell Mohr, Michael Steven O'Farrell, Michael Robert Wells, Brian Kenneth TI A Bayesian hierarchical model of size-at-age in ocean-harvested stocks - quantifying effects of climate and temporal variability SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; CHINOOK SALMON; CENTRAL VALLEY; EL-NINO; GROWTH; COHO; MATURITY; KISUTCH; CONSERVATION AB Quantifying size-at-age in harvested marine fish populations is a challenge with implications for both conservation and management. We describe a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for estimating mean and variation in size-at-age, incorporating environmental covariates. We apply the approach to two runs of Sacramento River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): one data-rich (fall) and one data-poor (winter). We combine information on the size of recreationally harvested tagged fish and fishery size limits to reconstruct time-dependent marine size distributions. Our framework allows informed modeling of environmental effects on size-at-age, estimation of annual variability without overfitting, estimating size in years with limited data, and projecting sizes in future years. We found that fall run fish are anomalously small in years following Novembers with low values of the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI). Winter run data did not include anomalously low NOI years, but typical annual variability could be quantified. Importantly, our results suggest that it is possible to predict small size and slow growth during the upcoming fishery season on the basis of an environmental index available months in advance. C1 [Satterthwaite, William Hallowell] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Satterthwaite, William Hallowell; Mohr, Michael Steven; O'Farrell, Michael Robert; Wells, Brian Kenneth] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM Will.Satterthwaite@noaa.gov FU Cooperative Institute For Marine Ecosystems and Climate; California Sea Grant Ocean Protection Council; Center for Stock Assessment Research FX This study was made possible by the work of numerous people who tag, collect, read, and report CWTs and maintain the database in an easily accessible format. Allen Grover provided help in obtaining and interpreting data. Funding was provided by the Cooperative Institute For Marine Ecosystems and Climate, the California Sea Grant Ocean Protection Council, and the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership between the Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, and the University of California Santa Cruz. Comments from E.J. Dick, Marc Mangel, Andrew Shelton, Arliss Winship, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 5 BP 942 EP 954 DI 10.1139/F2012-036 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934MG UT WOS:000303447800013 ER PT J AU Pess, GR Hilborn, R Kloehn, K Quinn, TP AF Pess, G. R. Hilborn, R. Kloehn, K. Quinn, T. P. TI The influence of population dynamics and environmental conditions on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) recolonization after barrier removal in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; BODY-SIZE; NERKA; TEMPERATURE; ENERGETICS; MIGRATION; STOCKS; FLOW AB When barriers are removed, what biotic and abiotic factors determine how fish populations will colonize newly available habitats? We used counts of adult pink salmon (Oncorhywnchus gorbuscha) from 1947 to 1987 in 66 streams of the Fraser River system, British Columbia, Canada, to determine when colonizing pink salmon populations became self-sustaining after a long-term migration blockage at Hell's Gate (river kilometre 209) was reduced. The abundance of salmon in available habitats were largely controlled by extrinsic factors such as an initially large source population, high intrinsic growth rates linked to favorable climate-driven conditions, a constant supply of dispersers, and large amounts of newly available habitat. Temporal variation in flows at Hell's Gate also affected recolonization success. Self-sustaining populations were developed within years of barrier removal and have continued to help expand the overall population of Fraser River pink salmon. However, pink salmon were considerably more abundant in the early 1900s than in the 1980s (similar to 48 million vs. similar to 2.7 million), and the majority of spawning shifted from the historic areas above Hell's Gate prior to the rockslide to below Hell's Gate in the lower Fraser River after the long-term blockage was reduced, so the system has not returned to the former abundance and distribution patterns. C1 [Pess, G. R.; Hilborn, R.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pess, G. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Fisheries, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kloehn, K.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Seafood Ecol Res Grp, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Pess, GR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 3550020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM george.pess@noaa.gov RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 5 BP 970 EP 982 DI 10.1139/F2012-030 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 934MG UT WOS:000303447800015 ER PT J AU Kang, SM Held, IM AF Kang, Sarah M. Held, Isaac M. TI Tropical precipitation, SSTs and the surface energy budget: a zonally symmetric perspective SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Tropical precipitation; Sea surface temperatures; Atmospheric energy budget; Zonally symmetric ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; CONVERGENCE; WINDS; GCM; OCEANS; MODEL AB The relative importance of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the surface energy budget to tropical precipitation is examined by comparing models with zonally symmetric climates, both fixed SST and coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean. Two models are considered with differing surface flux formulations and in each case solutions that are symmetric about the equator are perturbed to create interhemispheric asymmetry. When SSTs are prescribed in the two models with different flux formulations, the magnitude of tropical precipitation response to identical SST anomalies is significantly different, but the differences can be understood in terms of the altered surface fluxes. In contrast, when the net surface energy fluxes are constrained to be identical in mixed layer simulations of the two different models, the response of tropical precipitation to perturbations in the surface energy balance is very similar. Both perspectives predict qualitatively the same precipitation response, but the energy budget better predicts the magnitude of the precipitation response. Thus, we argue that the atmospheric energy budget, controlled in these experiments primarily by the surface energy budget, is more fundamental to the control of tropical precipitation than the SSTs, in these simulations with axisymmetric climates. We touch briefly on a complication in the interpretation of the model results due to the fact that fixed SST and slab-ocean versions of the model can produce different Hadley cell strengths for the same SSTs. C1 [Kang, Sarah M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kang, SM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, SW Mudd Room 290, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM smk2182@columbia.edu NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 IS 9-10 BP 1917 EP 1924 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1048-7 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 934ML UT WOS:000303448300014 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Jha, B Wang, WQ Huang, BH Huang, BY AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Jha, Bhaskar Wang, Wanqiu Huang, Bohua Huang, Boyin TI An analysis of warm pool and cold tongue El Nios: air-sea coupling processes, global influences, and recent trends SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WESTERLY WIND EVENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; FORECAST SYSTEM; NINO; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE AB The differences in tropical air-sea interactions and global climate connection as well as the hindcast skills for the warm pool (WP) and cold tongue (CT) El Nios are investigated based on observed, (re)analyzed, and model hindcast data. The robustness of observed global climate connection is established from the model simulations. Lastly, variations of atmosphere and ocean conditions in the recent decades, and their possible connection with the frequency increase of the WP El Nio are discussed. Consistent with previous results, our individual case study and composite results suggest that stronger (weaker) and more eastward extended (westward confined) westerly wind along the equatorial Pacific in early months of a year is associated with active (suppressed) air-sea interaction over the cold tongue/the Intertropical Convergence Zone complex, as well as more (less) intensive oceanic thermocline feedback, favoring the CT (WP) El Nio development. The preceding westerly wind signal and air-sea interaction differences may be responsible for the predication skill difference with higher (lower) overall hindcast skill for the CT (WP) El Nio in the Climate Forecast System of National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Our model experiments show that, in addition to the tropics, the eastern Pacific, North America and North Atlantic are the major regions having robust climate differences between the CT and WP El Nios. Nevertheless, the climate contrasts seem not robust over the Eurasian continent. Also, the frequency increase of the WP El Nio in the recent decades may not be directly connected with the linear trend of the tropical climate. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar; Wang, Wanqiu; Huang, Boyin] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar; Huang, Boyin] Wyle Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Suite 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@NOAA.GOV RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU NOAA CVP [NA07OAR4310310]; COLA from NSF; NOAA; NASA FX We appreciate the comments, suggestions, and helps from Michelle L'Heureux, Kingtse Mo, Peitao Peng, and Mingyue Chen, as well as two anonymous reviewers, which largely improved the manuscript. Bohua Huang is supported by the NOAA CVP Program (NA07OAR4310310) as well as the COLA omnibus program from NSF, NOAA, and NASA. NR 44 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 38 IS 9-10 BP 2017 EP 2035 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1224-9 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 934ML UT WOS:000303448300021 ER PT J AU Thirumalai, RVKG Krishnan, B Davydov, AV Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Krishnan, Bharat Davydov, Albert V. Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav TI Growth on Differently Oriented Sidewalls of SiC Mesas As a Way of Achieving Well-Aligned SiC Nanowires SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES; SENSORS AB Several different growth directions of SiC nanowires (NWs) determined by the substrate surface crystallographic orientation were achieved by conducting vapor liquid solid growth on the top surfaces and the sidewalls of the 4H-SiC mesas. When substrate. dependent (i.e., epitaxial) growth was ensured, six possible crystallographic orientations of 3C-SiC NW axis with respect to the 4H-SiC substrate were realized. They all were at 20 degrees with respect to the substrate c plane, and their projections on the c plane corresponded to one of the six equivalent < 10 (1) over bar0 > crystallographic directions. All six orientations were obtained simultaneously when growing on the (0001) top surface of the 4H-SiC wafer or on the mesa tops. In contrast, no more than two NW orientations coexisted when grown on any particular crystallographic plane of a mesa sidewall. In particular, the {10 (1) over bar0} mesa sidewall plane resulted in only one NW orientation, thereby producing well-aligned NW arrays desirable for device applications. C1 [Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 2221 EP 2225 DI 10.1021/cg201398z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 933MN UT WOS:000303366000013 ER PT J AU Varanasi, U AF Varanasi, Usha TI Frontloading the Science in Anticipation of Environmental Disasters SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Varanasi, Usha] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Varanasi, Usha] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Varanasi, Usha] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Varanasi, U (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ushav@uw.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY PY 2012 VL 37 IS 5 BP 233 EP 235 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.676837 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936KX UT WOS:000303590400005 ER PT J AU Abo, GS Hong, YK Choi, BC Donahue, MJ Bae, S Jalli, J Park, J Lee, J Park, MH Gee, SH AF Abo, Gavin S. Hong, Yang-Ki Choi, Byoung-Chul Donahue, Michael J. Bae, Seok Jalli, Jeevan Park, Jihoon Lee, Jaejin Park, Mun-Hyoun Gee, Sung-Hoon TI Micromagnetic Computer Simulated Scaling Effect of S-Shaped Permalloy Nano-Element on Operating Fields for AND or OR Logic SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Micromagnetic computer simulation; s-shaped element; spin logic ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS AB The scaling effect of permalloy s-shaped element, a rectangular element with appendages, on operating fields, H-x and H-y, was investigated by micromagnetic computer simulations for AND or OR logic. The optimized combination of operating fields (H-x, H-y) was found to be (27.7 +/- 9.9, -16.7 +/- 8.8) (37.9 +/- 12.4, -25.9 +/- 6.0), and (42.2 +/- 8.8, -23.9 +/- 4.0) in kA/m for the 100, 50, and 30 nm long s-shaped elements, respectively. As the s-shaped element is scaled down, the allowable deviation from the optimized operating fields becomes smaller and optimized operating fields shift to higher field. C1 [Abo, Gavin S.; Hong, Yang-Ki; Bae, Seok; Jalli, Jeevan; Park, Jihoon; Lee, Jaejin] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Abo, Gavin S.; Hong, Yang-Ki; Bae, Seok; Jalli, Jeevan; Park, Jihoon; Lee, Jaejin] Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Choi, Byoung-Chul] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Donahue, Michael J.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Park, Mun-Hyoun] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95119 USA. [Gee, Sung-Hoon] Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA. RP Hong, YK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM ykhong@eng.ua.edu FU E. A. "Larry" Drummond Endowment at University of Alabama FX This work was supported in part by the E. A. "Larry" Drummond Endowment at The University of Alabama. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1851 EP 1855 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2175743 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 932ZC UT WOS:000303328000003 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Jin, JM Wang, SY Ek, MB AF Zhao, Lin Jin, Jiming Wang, Shih-Yu Ek, Michael B. TI Integration of remote-sensing data with WRF to improve lake-effect precipitation simulations over the Great Lakes region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE MESOSCALE DISTURBANCES; LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EFFECT SNOWSTORMS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EFFECT SNOW; SEA-ICE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; VALIDATION; REANALYSIS AB In this study, remotely sensed lake surface temperature (LST) and lake ice cover (LIC) were integrated into the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.2 to evaluate the simulation of lake-effect precipitation over the Great Lakes region. The LST was derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), while the LIC was obtained from the National Ice Center (NIC). WRF simulations for the Great Lakes region were performed at 10 km grid spacing for the cold season from November 2003 through February 2008. Initial and lateral boundary conditions were provided by the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Experiments were carried out to compare winter precipitation simulations with and without the integration of the satellite data. Results show that integration with MODIS LST and NIC LIC significantly improves simulation of lake-effect precipitation over the Great Lakes region by reduced latent heat and sensible heat fluxes. A composite analysis of lake-effect precipitation events further reveals that more accurately depicted low-level stability and vertical moisture transport forced by the observation-based LST and LIC contribute to the improved simulation of lake-effect precipitation. C1 [Zhao, Lin; Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Zhao, Lin; Jin, Jiming; Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Ek, Michael B.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Jin, JM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM jiming.jin@usu.edu RI Jin, Jiming/A-9678-2011; Wang, S.-Y. Simon/G-2566-2010 FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; NOAA MAPP [NA090AR4310195]; EPA [RD83418601] FX This work was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, the NOAA MAPP NA090AR4310195 grant, and the EPA RD83418601 grant. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D09102 DI 10.1029/2011JD016979 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937SF UT WOS:000303678100002 ER PT J AU Quattrini, AM Ross, SW Carlson, MCT Nizinski, MS AF Quattrini, Andrea M. Ross, Steve W. Carlson, Michael C. T. Nizinski, Martha S. TI Megafaunal-habitat associations at a deep-sea coral mound off North Carolina, USA SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; COLD-WATER CORALS; FOOD-SUPPLY MECHANISMS; FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; MARINE PROTECTED AREA; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; REEF FISH; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHARLESTON BUMP AB Deep-sea corals provide important habitat for many organisms; however, the extent to which fishes and other invertebrates are affiliated with corals or other physical variables is uncertain. The Cape Fear coral mound off North Carolina, USA (366-463 m depth, 33A degrees 34.4'N, 76A degrees 27.8'W) was surveyed using multibeam sonar and the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible. Multibeam bathymetric data (2006) were coupled with in situ video data (2002-2005) to define habitat associations of 14 dominant megafauna at two spatial scales. Results suggested greater habitat specificity of deep-reef fauna than previously documented, with fishes showing greater affinity for certain habitat characteristics than most invertebrates. High vertical profile, degree of coral coverage, and topographic complexity influenced distributions of several species, including Beryx decadactylus, Conger oceanicus, and Novodinia antillensis on the smaller scale (30 x 30 m). On the broad scale (170 x 170 m), several suspension feeders (e.g., N. antillensis, anemones), detritivores (Echinus spp.), and mesopelagic feeders (e.g., Beryx decadactylus, Eumunida picta) were most often found on the south-southwest facing slope near the top of the mound. Transient reef species, including Laemonema barbatulum and Helicolenus dactylopterus, had limited affiliations to topographic complexity and were most often on the mound slope and base. Megafauna at deep-water reefs behave much like shallow-water reef fauna, with some species strongly associated with certain fine-scale habitat attributes, whereas other species are habitat generalists. Documenting the degree of habitat specialization is important for understanding habitat functionality, predicting faunal distributions, and assessing the impacts of disturbance on deep-reef megafauna. C1 [Quattrini, Andrea M.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Quattrini, Andrea M.; Ross, Steve W.; Carlson, Michael C. T.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Nizinski, Martha S.] NOAA, NMFS Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Quattrini, AM (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Biol, 1900 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM andrea.quattrini@temple.edu FU NOAA Undersea Research Center at UNCW; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration; Environmental Defense Fund; NOAA Habitat Conservation Division; NC Museum of Natural Sciences; South Atlantic Fishery Management Council; US Geological Survey FX The NOAA Undersea Research Center at UNCW provided funds (to S.W. Ross, PI) for the multibeam mapping cruise on the NOAA vessel Nancy Foster. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration largely funded (to S.W. Ross, lead PI) submersible field-work and some data analyses. Environmental Defense Fund (through D.N. Rader) and NOAA Habitat Conservation Division (through Miles Croom) supplied substantial funds for this project. Friends of the NC Museum of Natural Sciences administered funds and the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council provided support. We thank the personnel of the NOAA vessel Nancy Foster, the R/V Seward Johnson and Johnson-Sea-Link submersible. We also thank M.L. Partyka, A.M. Necaise, J.P. McClain-Counts, M. Rhode, E. Cordes and A. Davies for their helpful contributions. Finally, we acknowledge support of US Geological Survey and particularly thank G.D. Brewer for facilitating this research. NR 85 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 43 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 159 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1094 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-1888-7 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 933VJ UT WOS:000303391700015 ER PT J AU Mesinger, F Chou, SC Gomes, JL Jovic, D Bastos, P Bustamante, JF Lazic, L Lyra, AA Morelli, S Ristic, I Veljovic, K AF Mesinger, Fedor Chou, Sin Chan Gomes, Jorge L. Jovic, Dusan Bastos, Paulo Bustamante, Josiane F. Lazic, Lazar Lyra, Andre A. Morelli, Sandra Ristic, Ivan Veljovic, Katarina TI An upgraded version of the Eta model SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-GRADIENT FORCE; VOLUME INTEGRATION METHOD; STEP-MOUNTAIN COORDINATE; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; SINGLE-COLUMN; SCHEME; PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; ADVECTION; IMPACT AB Upgrades implemented over a number of years in an open source version of the Eta model, posted at the CPTEC web site http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/wrkstn_eta, which differs from the NCEP's latest operational Eta by having the WRF-NMM nonhydrostatic option included. Most of the upgrades made resulted from attention paid to less than satisfactory performance noted in several Eta results, and identification of the reasons for the problem. Others came from simple expectation that including a feature that is physically justified but is missing in the code should help. The most notable of the upgrades are the introduction of the so-called sloping steps, or discretized shaved cells topography; piecewise-linear finite-volume vertical advection of dynamic variables; vapor and hydrometeor loading in the hydrostatic equation, and changes aimed at refining the convection schemes available in the Eta. Several other modifications have to do with the calculation of exchange coefficients, conservation in the vertical diffusion, and diagnostic calculation of 10-m winds. Several examples showing improved performance resulting from the dynamics changes are given. One includes a case of unrealistically low temperatures in several mountain basins generated by a centered vertical advection difference scheme's unphysical advection from below ground, removed by its replacement with a finite-volume scheme. Another is that of increased katabatic winds in the Terra Nova Bay Antarctica region. Successful forecast of the severe downslope zonda wind case in the lee of the highest peaks of the Andes is also shown, and some of the recent successful verification results of the use of the upgraded model are pointed out. The code is used at numerous places, and along with setup information it is available for outside users at the CPTEC Eta web site given above. C1 [Mesinger, Fedor] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mesinger, Fedor] Serbian Acad Arts & Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Chou, Sin Chan; Gomes, Jorge L.; Bustamante, Josiane F.; Lyra, Andre A.] INPE Ctr Weather Predict & Climate Studies CPTEC, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Jovic, Dusan] NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Bastos, Paulo] Brazilian AF, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Lazic, Lazar; Veljovic, Katarina] Univ Belgrade, Inst Meteorol, Belgrade, Serbia. [Morelli, Sandra] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Phys, Modena, Italy. [Ristic, Ivan] Weather2Umbrella Co, Belgrade, Serbia. RP Mesinger, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM fedor@essic.umd.edu RI Chou, Sin Chan/F-6364-2012; Veljovic, Katarina/C-4608-2014; Gomes, Jorge /G-5320-2013; Lyra, Andre/G-6351-2013; Morelli, Sandra/M-2144-2016 OI Chou, Sin Chan/0000-0002-8973-1808; Veljovic, Katarina/0000-0002-3530-5387; Morelli, Sandra/0000-0002-3678-5992 FU NCEP/EMC via the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (CICS) of the University of Maryland; CNPq; Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development FX The upgraded Eta code documented here originates from the so-called "Workstation Eta'' code that has been maintained by Mathew Pyle, of the NCEP Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), Camp Springs, MD. Some of the work reported upon has been partially funded by NCEP/EMC via the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (CICS) of the University of Maryland; and also by CNPq, the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Tom Black, also of EMC, has been for many years the lead Eta code developer, and is the principal developer also of its MPI version, indispensable in most of today's computer frameworks. Tom has provided advice essential for progress on a variety of issues. The Workstation Eta preprocessing and postprocessing packages derive from their original developments at the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute in Belgrade and were to a considerable degree further developed at the University of Athens, within the group led by George Kallos. Finally, the authors much appreciate the suggestions and comments of the three reviews received, one signed by Eugenia Kalnay, which led to significant improvements of the manusript. NR 71 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 116 IS 3-4 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s00703-012-0182-z PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 934UG UT WOS:000303471600001 ER PT J AU Kort, EA Wofsy, SC Daube, BC Diao, M Elkins, JW Gao, RS Hintsa, EJ Hurst, DF Jimenez, R Moore, FL Spackman, JR Zondlo, MA AF Kort, E. A. Wofsy, S. C. Daube, B. C. Diao, M. Elkins, J. W. Gao, R. S. Hintsa, E. J. Hurst, D. F. Jimenez, R. Moore, F. L. Spackman, J. R. Zondlo, M. A. TI Atmospheric observations of Arctic Ocean methane emissions up to 82 degrees north SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER; SEA AB Uncertainty in the future atmospheric burden of methane, a potent greenhouse gas(1), represents an important challenge to the development of realistic climate projections. The Arctic is home to large reservoirs of methane, in the form of permafrost soils and methane hydrates(2), which are vulnerable to destabilization in a warming climate. Furthermore, methane is produced in the surface ocean(3) and the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean are supersaturated with respect to methane(4,5). However, the fate of this oceanic methane is uncertain. Here, we use airborne observations of methane to assess methane efflux from the remote Arctic Ocean, up to latitudes of 82 degrees north. We report layers of increased methane concentrations near the surface ocean, with little or no enhancement in carbon monoxide levels, indicative of a non-combustion source. We further show that high methane concentrations are restricted to areas over open leads and regions with fractional sea-ice cover. Based on the observed gradients in methane concentration, we estimate that sea-air fluxes amount to around 2 mg d(-1) m(-2), comparable to emissions seen on the Siberian shelf. We suggest that the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean represent a potentially important source of methane, which could prove sensitive to changes in sea-ice cover. C1 [Kort, E. A.; Wofsy, S. C.; Daube, B. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, E. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Diao, M.; Zondlo, M. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Elkins, J. W.; Gao, R. S.; Hintsa, E. J.; Hurst, D. F.; Moore, F. L.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hintsa, E. J.; Hurst, D. F.; Moore, F. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jimenez, R.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Air Qual Res Grp, Bogota, Colombia. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kort, EA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM Eric.A.Kort@jpl.nasa.gov RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Diao, Minghui/A-4437-2015; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016; OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Diao, Minghui/0000-0003-0324-0897; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554; JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/0000-0002-8665-9484 FU NSF [ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388]; NCAR FX HIPPO was supported by NSF grants ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519 and ATM-0628388 and by NCAR. NCAR is supported by NSF. Participation by NOAA instruments were supported in part by the NSF through its Atmospheric Chemistry Program to CIRES, NOAA through its Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and NASA through its Upper Atmosphere Research Program and Radiation Sciences Program. We thank the pilots, mechanics, technicians and scientific crew working on HIPPO. We thank C. Sweeney and D. Fitzjarrald for aiding in interpretation of results and D. Nance for his contribution to H2O observations. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used in this publication. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 74 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 318 EP 321 DI 10.1038/NGEO1452 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 934RP UT WOS:000303464100010 ER PT J AU Kunieda, S Haight, RC Kawano, T Chadwick, MB Sterbenz, SM Bateman, FB Wasson, OA Grimes, SM Maier-Komor, P Vonach, H Fukahori, T Watanabe, Y AF Kunieda, S. Haight, R. C. Kawano, T. Chadwick, M. B. Sterbenz, S. M. Bateman, F. B. Wasson, O. A. Grimes, S. M. Maier-Komor, P. Vonach, H. Fukahori, T. Watanabe, Y. TI Measurement and model analysis of (n, x alpha) cross sections for Cr, Fe, Co-59, and Ni-58,Ni-60 from threshold energy to 150 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; PARTICLE PRODUCTION; GRIFFIN MODEL; EXCITON MODEL; FAST-NEUTRONS; EMISSION; DENSITY; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; PARAMETER AB Neutron reactions that produce a particles have been investigated experimentally and analyzed by reaction model calculations for incident neutron energies from threshold to 150 MeV on elemental chromium and iron. The cross sections were measured at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center by direct observation of alpha particles. Previous data on isotopes Co-59 and Ni-58,Ni-60 were also included in the analysis. The model calculations are made for both statistical decay and pre-equilibrium processes. This study particularly focuses on the pre-equilibrium cluster emission, which is described by the clustering exciton model of Iwamoto and Harada. We calculate the alpha-particle formation factors numerically without any of the approximations that appeared in the original model. The model parameter Delta R, the nuclear surface area where the pickup reaction may occur, is determined by fitting the calculated alpha-particle energy spectra to experimental data. The calculated alpha-particle-production cross sections agree well with the measured data, except for the Cr case. With a simple sensitivity study for the level density parameters, it is reported that relatively small changes in the level density parameters improve the reproduction of experimental data significantly. Our realistic model calculations for the pre-equilibrium process shed light on uncertainties in the nuclear level densities in statistical decay calculation. C1 [Kunieda, S.; Haight, R. C.; Kawano, T.; Chadwick, M. B.; Sterbenz, S. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kunieda, S.; Fukahori, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nucl Data Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Bateman, F. B.; Wasson, O. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grimes, S. M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Maier-Komor, P.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Vonach, H.] Univ Vienna, Inst Radiumforsch & Kernphys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Watanabe, Y.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Adv Energy Engn Sci, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. RP Kunieda, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kunieda.satoshi@jaea.go.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX One of the authors (S.K.) thanks the Los Alamos National Laboratory for hospitality during his stay. He is also grateful to Dr. S. Okajima of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, who encouraged this study. This work benefited from the use of the LANSCE accelerator facility as it was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 5 AR 054602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.054602 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 933VF UT WOS:000303391100005 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Liu, J Li, XF AF Shen Xinyong Liu Jia Li, Xiaofan TI Torrential rainfall responses to ice microphysical processes during pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ice crystal radius; accretion efficiency; cloud-resolving model simulation ID CONVECTIVE STORMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; CLOUDS; MODEL; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; RADIATION; PHASE AB In this study, the effects of key ice microphysical processes on the pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China during 3-8 June 2008 were investigated. A series of two-dimensional sensitivity cloud-resolving model simulations were forced with zonally uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature, and water vapor advection data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). The effects of key ice microphysical processes on the responses of rainfall to large-scale forcing were analyzed by comparing two sensitivity experiments with a control experiment. In one sensitivity experiment, ice crystal radius, associated with depositional growth of snow from cloud ice, was reduced from 100 A mu m in the control experiment to 50 A mu m, and in the other sensitivity experiment the efficiency of the growth of graupel from the accretion of snow was reduced to 50% from 100% in the control experiment. The results show that the domain-mean rainfall responses to these ice microphysical processes are stronger during the decay phase than during the onset and mature phases. During the decay phase, the increased mean rain rate resulting from the decrease in ice crystal radius is associated with the enhanced mean local atmospheric drying, the increased mean local hydrometeor loss, and the suppressed mean water vapor divergence. The increased mean rain rate caused by the reduction in accretion efficiency is related to the reduced mean water vapor divergence and the enhanced mean local hydrometeor loss. C1 [Shen Xinyong; Liu Jia] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM shenxy@nuist.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2011CB403405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039, 41175065]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX The authors thank W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud resolving model, and Dr. N. Sun at I. M. Systems Group, Inc. for technical assistance accessing NCEP/GDAS data. This study was supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 2011CB403405), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41075039 and 41175065), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s00376-011-1122-4 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929JX UT WOS:000303058800007 ER PT J AU Harrison, RA Davies, JA Mostl, C Liu, Y Temmer, M Bisi, MM Eastwood, JP de Koning, CA Nitta, N Rollett, T Farrugia, CJ Forsyth, RJ Jackson, BV Jensen, EA Kilpua, EKJ Odstrcil, D Webb, DF AF Harrison, R. A. Davies, J. A. Moestl, C. Liu, Y. Temmer, M. Bisi, M. M. Eastwood, J. P. de Koning, C. A. Nitta, N. Rollett, T. Farrugia, C. J. Forsyth, R. J. Jackson, B. V. Jensen, E. A. Kilpua, E. K. J. Odstrcil, D. Webb, D. F. TI Y AN ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN AND PROPAGATION OF THE MULTIPLE CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS OF 2010 AUGUST 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: flares; Sun: heliosphere ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; CME-CME INTERACTION; SOLAR-WIND; STEREO MISSION; IMAGER SMEI; II BURST; RADIO; KINEMATICS; SIGNATURES; DENSITY AB On 2010 August 1, the northern solar hemisphere underwent significant activity that involved a complex set of active regions near central meridian with, nearby, two large prominences and other more distant active regions. This activity culminated in the eruption of four major coronal mass ejections (CMEs), effects of which were detected at Earth and other solar system bodies. Recognizing the unprecedented wealth of data from the wide range of spacecraft that were available-providing the potential for us to explore methods for CME identification and tracking, and to assess issues regarding onset and planetary impact-we present a comprehensive analysis of this sequence of CMEs. We show that, for three of the four major CMEs, onset is associated with prominence eruption, while the remaining CME appears to be closely associated with a flare. Using instrumentation on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft, three of the CMEs could be tracked out to elongations beyond 50 degrees; their directions and speeds have been determined by various methods, not least to assess their potential for Earth impact. The analysis techniques that can be applied to the other CME, the first to erupt, are more limited since that CME was obscured by the subsequent, much faster event before it had propagated far from the Sun; we discuss the speculation that these two CMEs interact. The consistency of the results, derived from the wide variety of methods applied to such an extraordinarily complete data set, has allowed us to converge on robust interpretations of the CME onsets and their arrivals at 1 AU. C1 [Harrison, R. A.; Davies, J. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Moestl, C.; Temmer, M.; Rollett, T.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Moestl, C.; Temmer, M.; Rollett, T.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Moestl, C.; Liu, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Space Weather, Natl Space Sci Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Bisi, M. M.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Math & Phys, Ceredigion SY23 3BZ, Wales. [Bisi, M. M.; Jackson, B. V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Eastwood, J. P.; Forsyth, R. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [de Koning, C. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder Colorado, CO 80305 USA. [Nitta, N.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jensen, E. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kilpua, E. K. J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02459 USA. RP Harrison, RA (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM Richard.Harrison@stfc.ac.uk RI Yong, Liu/H-5333-2011; Kilpua, Emilia/G-8994-2012; OI Liu, Ying/0000-0002-3483-5909; Moestl, Christian/0000-0001-6868-4152; Amerstorfer, Tanja/0000-0001-9024-6706; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P20145-N16, V195-N16]; STFC at ICL; Academy of Finland [130298]; NASA [NNX09AJ84G, NN11AB50G, NNX10AQ29G]; STFC; NSF [ATM-0925023, ATM-0852246, AGS-1053766, AGS-1140211]; European Union [263252]; European Community; Navy [N00173-07-1-G016, N00173-10-1-G001]; UK Space Agency; CNES; USAF FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of Andy Breen-the strong and gentle voice we knew in heliospheric physics is now silent. We acknowledge enthusiastic discussions by the attendees of three workshops, which were crucial in bringing together this paper. These workshops were held in January 2011 in Abingdon, England, in March 2011 in Graz, Austria, and in June 2011 in Aberystwyth, Wales. C. M., M. T., and T. R. recognize support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), P20145-N16 and V195-N16. J.P.E. is funded through an STFC Advanced Fellowship at ICL. EKJK acknowledges the financial support of the Academy of Finland, project 130298. C.A.d.K. was supported by a NASA Living with a Star TR&T grant, NNX09AJ84G. M. M. B. was partly funded for activities relevant to this work by an STFC standard grant to Aberystwyth University and also by NSF award ATM-0925023. The SMEI analysis group at the UCSD acknowledges funding from NASA award NN11AB50G and NSF awards ATM-0852246 and AGS-1053766. This work has also received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 263252 (COMESEP). This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. C.J.F. acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX10AQ29G and NSF grant AGS-1140211. The work of D. F. W. was supported by Navy contracts N00173-07-1-G016 and N00173-10-1-G001. We acknowledge and thank the members of the STEREO/HI, EUVI, COR, and S/WAVES instrument teams and the SDO and SMEI instrument teams and acknowledge the funding that supports those instruments from NASA, the UK Space Agency, CNES, and the USAF. NR 50 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 750 IS 1 AR 45 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/45 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 929LB UT WOS:000303063500045 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Levine, LE Chaka, AM AF Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. Chaka, A. M. TI Impurity-driven structural deformations in 2D-and 3D-ordered gold nanowires SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gold; Nanowire; Impurity; Oxygen; CO; DFT ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; CONDUCTANCE; SIGNATURE; MOLECULES; ATOMS AB Density functional theory is used to explore the adsorption of light impurities (O, O-2 and CO) on the ordered atomic structures that self organize during the late stages of tensile deformation of gold nanowires. Because such ordering precedes the formation of the single atom chain, adsorption at this stage may critically alter the formation and/or the properties of the single atom chain itself. Two particular structures are investigated: the 3-dimensional "Triangular 110" and the 2-dimensional "ZigZag". The absorbed molecules produce significant changes in the structure of the nanowires and exhibit a wide range of adsorption energies. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.; Chaka, A. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ftavazza@nist.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2210-271X EI 1872-7999 J9 COMPUT THEOR CHEM JI Comput. Theor. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 987 SI SI BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.11.032 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 929XE UT WOS:000303098200012 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM Oxford, GAE Stubbs, JE Eng, PJ Bargar, JR AF Chaka, Anne M. Oxford, Gloria A. E. Stubbs, Joanne E. Eng, Peter J. Bargar, John R. TI Density-functional theory investigation of oxidative corrosion of UO2 SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Uranium dioxide; Density functional theory; Ab initio thermodynamics; Oxidation; Corrosion; Surface ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; SURFACE STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION; URANIUM-DIOXIDE; POINT-DEFECTS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BIOGENIC URANINITE; OXYGEN DIFFUSION AB Corrosion and weathering of uranium dioxide (UO2) is a serious concern in a broad range of technological and environmental systems. Oxidation of UO2 can compromise the integrity of nuclear fuel rods, as well as result in the bioavailability of uranium in contaminated ground water at mines, mills, and nuclear waste storage facilities. How the oxidation proceeds, however, is not well understood. In this work, density-functional theory and ab initio thermodynamics are used to delineate the initial stages of surface and subsurface oxidation of UO2 at the (1 1 1) surface as a function of temperature and oxygen pressure. Initially, chemisorption of oxygen on the clean stoichiometric surface results in formation of highly stable triple-bonded uranyl groups and oxidation of the topmost uranium atoms to U6+ at a minimal p(O-2) near 0 K. Once the surface is saturated with uranyl groups and the oxygen chemical potential increases above -1.0 eV, subsurface oxidation becomes thermodynamically favored. The degree of oxidation of the subsurface uranium atoms is determined by quantifying the transfer of electrons from the localized U 5f bands to those dominated by the delocalized O 2p bands as oxygen atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites in the UO2 lattice. Occupation of the octahedral site nearest the surface results in an expansion of the lattice, whereas movement of the oxygen interstitial to deeper sites results in a net contraction. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chaka, Anne M.; Oxford, Gloria A. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stubbs, Joanne E.; Eng, Peter J.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chaka, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.chaka@nist.gov RI Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013 OI Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009 NR 105 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2210-271X J9 COMPUT THEOR CHEM JI Comput. Theor. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 987 SI SI BP 90 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.11.028 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 929XE UT WOS:000303098200013 ER PT J AU Soler, T Han, JY Weston, ND AF Soler, T. Han, J. Y. Weston, N. D. TI Alternative transformation from Cartesian to geodetic coordinates by least squares for GPS georeferencing applications SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cartesian coordinates; Geodetic coordinates; Inverse transformation; Least squares ID ACCURACY AB The inverse transformation of coordinates, from Cartesian to curvilinear geodetic, or symbolically (x,y,z)->(lambda,phi,h) has been extensively researched in the geodetic literature. However, published formulations require that the application must be deterministically implemented point-by-point individually. Recently, and thanks to GPS technology, scientists have made available thousands of determinations of the coordinates (x,y,z) at a single point perhaps characterized by different observational circumstances such as date, length of occupation time, distance and geometric distribution of reference stations, etc. In this paper a least squares (LS) solution is introduced to determine a unique set of geodetic coordinates, with accompanying accuracy predictions all based on the given sets of individual (x,y,.z) GPS-obtained values and their variance-covariance matrices. The (x,y,z) coordinates are used as pseudo-observations with their attached stochastic information in the LS process to simultaneously compute a unique set of (lambda,phi,h) curvilinear geodetic coordinates from different observing scenarios. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Soler, T.; Weston, N. D.] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Han, J. Y.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tom.soler@noaa.gov RI Han, Jen-Yu/B-5521-2009; Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 OI Han, Jen-Yu/0000-0001-9555-4214; NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 42 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2011.10.026 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 932LA UT WOS:000303291400012 ER PT J AU Gwynne, S Kuligowski, E Nilsson, D AF Gwynne, Steven Kuligowski, Erica Nilsson, Daniel TI Representing evacuation behavior in engineering terms SO JOURNAL OF FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Evacuation; human behaviour; performance-based design; evacuation models AB In performance-based analyses, engineers evaluate whether a building design and/or evacuation procedure allows occupants sufficient time to evacuate before fire conditions become untenable. Guidance exists for the calculation of the time until conditions become untenable in areas of the structure (known as the available safe egress time) during fire situations. This article presents a method for determining the amount of time required for building occupants to reach a defined point of safety (known as the required safe egress time) for a particular building design or scenario. The method requires the engineer to identify real-world factors from the building conditions/situations that influence human performance (e.g. evacuation), understand the nature of their impact on human performance and then represent this impact in terms that can be employed within evacuation model calculations. An example is also presented to demonstrate the method described here. C1 [Kuligowski, Erica] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nilsson, Daniel] Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn & Syst Safety, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Kuligowski, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1042-3915 J9 J FIRE PROT ENG JI J. Fire Prot. Eng. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1177/1042391512436788 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 928WG UT WOS:000303018500003 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, M. A. TI Effect of Diamond Nanolubricant on R134a Pool Boiling Heat Transfer SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer International Conference (MNHMT) CY DEC 18-21, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME Nanotechnol Inst DE additives; boiling; diamond; enhanced heat transfer; nanotechnology; refrigerants; refrigerant/lubricant mixtures AB This paper quantifies the influence of diamond nanoparticles on the pool boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened, horizontal, and flat surface. Nanofluids are liquids that contain dispersed nanosize particles. A lubricant based nanofluid (nanolubricant) was made by suspending 10 nm diameter diamond particles in a synthetic ester to roughly a 2.6% volume fraction. For the 0.5% nanolubricant mass fraction, the nanoparticles caused a heat transfer enhancement relative to the heat transfer of pure R134a/polyolester (99.5/0.5) up to 129%. A similar enhancement was observed for the R134a/nanolubricant (99/1) mixture, which had a heat flux that was on average 91% larger than that of the R134a/polyolester (99/1) mixture. Further increase in the nanolubricant mass fraction to 2% resulted in boiling heat transfer degradation of approximately 19% for the best performing tests. It was speculated that the poor quality of the nanolubricant suspension caused the performance of the (99.5/0.5), and the (98/2) nanolubricant mixtures to decay over time to, on average, 36% and 76% of the of pure R134a/polyolester performance, respectively. Thermal conductivity and viscosity measurements and a refrigerant\lubricant mixture pool-boiling model were used to suggest that increases in thermal conductivity and lubricant viscosity are mainly responsible for the heat transfer enhancement due to nanoparticles. Particle size measurements were used to suggest that particle agglomeration induced a lack of performance repeatability for the (99.5/0.5) and the (98/2) mixtures. From the results of the present study, it is speculated that if a good dispersion of nanoparticles in the lubricant is not obtained, then the agglomerated nanoparticles will not provide interaction with bubbles, which is favorable for heat transfer. Further research with nanolubricants and refrigerants are required to establish a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control nanofluid heat transfer. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4005631] C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 226,Room B114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2012 VL 134 IS 5 AR 051001 DI 10.1115/1.4005631 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 931ZL UT WOS:000303257900002 ER PT J AU Buonaccorsi, VP Kimbrell, CA Lynn, EA Hyde, JR AF Buonaccorsi, Vincent P. Kimbrell, Carol A. Lynn, Eric A. Hyde, John R. TI Comparative Population Genetic Analysis of Bocaccio Rockfish Sebastes paucispinis Using Anonymous and Gene-Associated Simple Sequence Repeat Loci SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE comparative genomics; marine fisheries; microsatellite; stock structure; threatened species ID MARINE; MICROSATELLITES; SELECTION; ATLANTIC; MARKERS; SSRS; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; ADAPTATION; MUTATIONS AB Comparative population genetic analyses of traditional and emergent molecular markers aid in determining appropriate use of new technologies. The bocaccio rockfish Sebastes paucispinis is a high gene-flow marine species off the west coast of North America that experienced strong population decline over the past 3 decades. We used 18 anonymous and 13 gene-associated simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci (expressed sequence tag [EST]-SSRs) to characterize range-wide population structure with temporal replicates. No F-ST-outliers were detected using the LOSITAN program, suggesting that neither balancing nor divergent selection affected the loci surveyed. Consistent hierarchical structuring of populations by geography or year class was not detected regardless of marker class. The EST-SSRs were less variable than the anonymous SSRs, but no correlation between F-ST and variation or marker class was observed. General linear model analysis showed that low EST-SSR variation was attributable to low mean repeat number. Comparative genomic analysis with Gasterosteus aculeatus, Takifugu rubripes, and Oryzias latipes showed consistently lower repeat number in EST-SSRs than SSR loci that were not in ESTs. Purifying selection likely imposed functional constraints on EST-SSRs resulting in low repeat numbers that affected diversity estimates but did not affect the observed pattern of population structure. C1 [Buonaccorsi, Vincent P.] Juniata Coll, Dept Biol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Kimbrell, Carol A.; Lynn, Eric A.; Hyde, John R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Buonaccorsi, VP (reprint author), Juniata Coll, Dept Biol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. EM buonaccorsi@juniata.edu FU Juniata College; Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, CA FX Internal funds from Juniata College and the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, CA, were used to complete this work. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 103 IS 3 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1093/jhered/ess002 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 933AO UT WOS:000303331800009 PM 22490232 ER PT J AU Lorincz, O Toke, ER Somogyi, E Horkay, F Chandran, PL Douglas, JF Szebeni, J Lisziewicz, J AF Lorincz, Orsolya Toke, Eniko R. Somogyi, Eszter Horkay, Ferenc Chandran, Preethi L. Douglas, Jack F. Szebeni, Janos Lisziewicz, Julianna TI Structure and biological activity of pathogen-like synthetic nanomedicines SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Vaccine; Immunotherapy; Immunity; DermaVir ID GENE DELIVERY; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; POTENTIAL BARRIER; CATIONIC LIPIDS; PLASMID DNA; IN-VITRO; COMPLEXES; HYPERSENSITIVITY; POLYETHYLENIMINE; DERMAVIR AB Here we characterize the structure, stability and intracellular mode of action of DermaVir nanomedicine that is under clinical development for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This nanomedicine comprises pathogen-like pDNA/PEIm nanoparticles (NPs) having the structure and function resembling spherical viruses that naturally evolved to deliver nucleic acids to the cells. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated spherical 100 - 200 nm NPs with a smooth polymer surface protecting the pDNA in the core. Optical absorption determined both the NP structural stability and biological activity relevant to their ability to escape from the endosome and release the pDNA at the nucleus. Salt, pH and temperature influence nanomedicine shelf-life and intracellular stability. This approach facilitates the development of diverse polyplex nanomedicines where the delivered pDNA-expressed antigens induce immune responses to kill infected cells. From the Clinical Editor: The authors investigated DermaVir nanomedicine comprised of pathogen-like pDNA/PEIm nanoparticles with structure and function resembling spherical viruses. DermaVir delivery of pDNA expresses antigens that induce immune responses to kill HIV infected cells. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorincz, Orsolya; Toke, Eniko R.; Somogyi, Eszter; Lisziewicz, Julianna] Genet Immun Kft, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary. [Horkay, Ferenc; Chandran, Preethi L.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Sect Tissue Biophys & Biomimet, Program Pediat Imaging & Tissue Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Szebeni, Janos] Bay Zoltan Fdn Appl Res, Nanomed Res & Educ Ctr, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary. [Szebeni, Janos] Semmelweis Univ, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary. [Lisziewicz, Julianna] Genet Immun LLC, Mclean, VA USA. RP Lisziewicz, J (reprint author), Genet Immun Kft, Berlini U 47-49, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary. EM lisziewj@geneticimmunity.com FU NICHD, NIH; NKTH [CARPA777]; [HIKC05]; [DVCLIN01] FX Dr. Julianna Lisziewicz holds shares in Genetic Immunity. This work was supported by grants: HIKC05 and DVCLIN01 announced by the National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH) in Hungary. Ferene Horkay and Preethi L. Chandran acknowledge the support of the Intramural Research Program of the NICHD, NIH. Janos Szebeni acknowledges the grant supports FP7 "Anticarb," NKTH CARPA777. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.013 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 930QI UT WOS:000303153800014 PM 21839051 ER PT J AU Sibley, A Biesecker, D Millward, G Gibbs, M AF Sibley, Andrew Biesecker, Doug Millward, George Gibbs, Mark TI Space weather, impacts and forecasting: an overview SO WEATHER LA English DT Article ID SOLAR; SUN C1 [Sibley, Andrew] Met Off, Operat Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Biesecker, Doug; Millward, George] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Gibbs, Mark] Met Off, Business Serv, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Sibley, A (reprint author), Met Off, Operat Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. EM andrew.sibley@metoffice.gov.uk NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1656 J9 WEATHER JI Weather PD MAY PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1002/wea.1938 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931DS UT WOS:000303195800006 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Lee, S Golmie, N AF Kim, Mun-Suk Lee, SuKyoung Golmie, Nada TI Enhanced fast handover for proxy mobile IPv6 in vehicular networks SO WIRELESS NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE PMIPv6; Fast handover; Vehicular networks; Packet loss; Handover latency ID AD-HOC NETWORKS AB To reduce the handover latency in PMIPv6, Fast Handover for PMIPv6 (PFMIPv6) is being standardized in the IETF. On the other hand, vehicle-roadside data access has been envisioned to be useful in many commercial Internet services; however, integrating the current Internet into Vehicular Networks (VNs) presents a new set of challenges. In particular, to provide rapid IP handover in the VNs, simply applying PFMIPv6 to VNs may not improve handover performance since PFMIPv6 handover restricts the previous Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) from forwarding the packets until it receives an HAck/HI from the next MAG, even though the vehicle may have already arrived at the next MAG. We also note that PFMIPv6 does not consider the impact of geographic restriction on vehicular mobility. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an enhanced PFMIPv6 (ePFMIPv6) for VNs in which the serving MAG pre-establishes a tunnel with candidate next MAGs for next MAG so that the packets can be immediately forwarded to the next MAG once the serving MAG is indicated the vehicle's handover by the serving road side unit. To evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol, we derive analytical expressions for packet loss, latency and signaling overhead caused by ePFMIPv6 and PFMIPv6 handovers. Our analytical study is verified by simulation results. C1 [Kim, Mun-Suk; Lee, SuKyoung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Networking Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sklee@cs.yonsei.ac.kr FU Korea Research Foundation; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-531-D00016] FX This research was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2008-531-D00016). NR 16 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-0038 J9 WIREL NETW JI Wirel. Netw. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 401 EP 411 DI 10.1007/s11276-011-0407-y PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 931FR UT WOS:000303202000004 ER PT J AU Quinn, GD Hoffman, K Quinn, JB AF Quinn, George D. Hoffman, Kathleen Quinn, Janet B. TI Strength and fracture origins of a feldspathic porcelain SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Flaws; Strength distribution; Strength; Porcelain; Weibull modulus; Pores; Bubbles ID FLEXURAL STRENGTH; BRITTLE MATERIALS; WEIBULL ANALYSIS; TOUGHNESS AB Objectives. To identify the strength limiting flaws in in vitro test specimens of a fine-grained feldspathic dental porcelain. Methods. Four-point flexural strengths were measured for 26 test specimens. The fracture origin site of every test specimen was studied using stereoptical and scanning electron microscopy. A fractographically labeled Weibull strength distribution graph was prepared. Results. The complex microstructure of the feldspathic dental porcelain included a variety of feldspars, tridymite, and a feldspathoid as well as pores/bubbles and residual glass. The relatively high flexural strength is due in part to the fine grain size. Fractography revealed five flaw types that controlled strength: baseline microstructural flaws, pores/bubbles, side wall grinding damage, corner machining damage, and inclusions. The baseline microstructural flaws probably were clusters of particular crystalline phases. Significance. Each flaw type probably has a different severity and size distribution, and hence has a different strength distribution. The Weibull strength distribution graph blended the strength distributions of the five flaw types and the apparent good fit of the combined data to a unimodal strength distribution was misleading. Polishing failed to eliminate deeper transverse grinding cracks and corner damage from earlier preparation steps in many of the test pieces. Bend bars should be prepared carefully with longitudinal surface grinding whenever possible and edge chamfers should be carefully applied. If the grinding and preparation flaws were eliminated, the Weibull modulus for this feldspathic porcelain would be greater than 30. Pores/bubbles sometimes controlled strength, but only if they touched each other or an exposed surface. Isolated interior bubble/pores were harmless. (C) 2011 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quinn, George D.; Hoffman, Kathleen; Quinn, Janet B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Stop 854-6, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov FU NIH [R01-DE17983] FX This report was made possible by a grant from NIH, R01-DE17983, and the people and facilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the ADAF Paffenbarger Research Center. The authors appreciate the assistance of Dr. N. Eidelman for generating the X-ray diffraction pattern. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 502 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2011.12.005 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 925HJ UT WOS:000302751500009 PM 22217606 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Weir, MD Xu, HHK Antonucci, JM Kraigsley, AM Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S Zhou, XD AF Cheng, Lei Weir, Michael D. Xu, Hockin H. K. Antonucci, Joseph M. Kraigsley, Alison M. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Zhou, Xuedong TI Antibacterial amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomposites with a quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate and silver nanoparticles SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Antibacterial nanocomposite; Amorphous calcium phosphate; Quaternary ammonium salt; Silver nanoparticles; Streptococcus mutans biofilm; Stress-bearing; Tooth caries inhibition ID STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; DENTAL COMPOSITES; RESIN-COMPOSITES; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; SECONDARY CARIES; GAP SIZE; MODEL; DEMINERALIZATION; POLYMERIZATION AB Objectives. Calcium and phosphate ion-releasing resin composites are promising for remineralization. However, there has been no report on incorporating antibacterial agents to these composites. The objective of this study was to develop antibacterial and mechanically strong nanocomposites incorporating a quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM), nanoparticles of silver (NAg), and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). Methods. The QADM, bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) dimethylammonium bromide (ionic dimethacrylate-1), was synthesized from 2-(N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate and 2-bromoethyl methacrylate. NAg was synthesized by dissolving Ag 2-ethylhexanoate salt in 2-(tert-butylamino) ethyl methacrylate. Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure with bars of 2 mm x 2 mm x 25 mm (n = 6). Composite disks (diameter = 9 mm, thickness = 2 mm) were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. The metabolic activity and lactic acid production of biofilms were measured (n = 6). Two commercial composites were used as controls. Results. Flexural strength and elastic modulus of NACP + QADM, NACP + NAg, and NACP + QADM + NAg matched those of commercial composites with no antibacterial property (p > 0.1). The NACP + QADM + NAg composite decreased the titer counts of adherent S. mutans biofilms by an order of magnitude, compared to the commercial composites (p < 0.05). The metabolic activity and lactic acid production of biofilms on NACP + QADM + NAg composite were much less than those on commercial composites (p < 0.05). Combining QADM and NAg rendered the nanocomposite more strongly antibacterial than either agent alone (p < 0.05). Significance. QADM and NAg were incorporated into calcium phosphate composite for the first time. NACP + QADM + NAg was strongly antibacterial and greatly reduced the titer counts, metabolic activity, and acid production of S. mutans biofilms, while possessing mechanical properties similar to commercial composites. These nanocomposites are promising to have the double benefits of remineralization and antibacterial capabilities to inhibit dental caries. (C) 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Lei; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cheng, Lei; Zhou, Xuedong] Sichuan Univ, W China Coll Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Antonucci, Joseph M.; Kraigsley, Alison M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu; zhouxd@scu.edu.cn RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [DE17974, DE14190]; NIDCR-NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]; University of Maryland Dental School; NIST; West China College of Stomatology FX We thank Dr. L. C. Chow and Dr. L. Sun of the American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF) for discussions, and Dr. Qianming Chen of the West China College of Stomatology for help. We are grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA) and Dr. Sibel A. Antonson at Ivoclar Vivadent (Amherst, NY) for donating the materials. We acknowledge the technical support of the Core Imaging Facility of the University of Maryland Baltimore. This study was supported by NIH R01 grants DE17974 and DE14190 (HX), NIDCR-NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01, University of Maryland Dental School, NIST, and West China College of Stomatology. NR 59 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 6 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 561 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2012.01.005 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 925HJ UT WOS:000302751500017 PM 22305716 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Weir, MD Xu, HHK Kraigsley, AM Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S Zhou, XD AF Cheng, Lei Weir, Michael D. Xu, Hockin H. K. Kraigsley, Alison M. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Zhou, Xuedong TI Antibacterial and physical properties of calcium-phosphate and calcium-fluoride nanocomposites with chlorhexidine SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental nanocomposite; Calcium phosphate; Calcium fluoride; Chlorhexidine; Stress-bearing; S. mutans biofilm; Caries inhibition ID DENTAL COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIN-COMPOSITE; HIGH-STRENGTH; RESTORATIONS; RELEASE; CARIES; MODEL; DEMINERALIZATION AB Objectives. Previous studies have developed calcium phosphate and fluoride releasing composites. Other studies have incorporated chlorhexidine (CHX) particles into dental composites. However, CHX has not been incorporated in calcium phosphate and fluoride composites. The objectives of this study were to develop nanocomposites containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles and CHX particles, and investigate Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and lactic acid production for the first time. Methods. Chlorhexidine was frozen via liquid nitrogen and ground to obtain a particle size of 0.62 mu m. Four nanocomposites were fabricated with fillers of: nano ACP; nano ACP + 10% CHX; nano CaF2; nano CaF2 + 10% CHX. Three commercial materials were tested as controls: a resin-modified glass ionomer, and two composites. S. mutans live/dead assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, biofilm metabolic activity, and lactic acid were measured. Results. Adding CHX fillers to ACP and CaF2 nanocomposites greatly increased their antimicrobial capability. ACP and CaF2 nanocomposites with CHX that were inoculated with S. mutans had a growth medium pH > 6.5 after 3 d, while the control commercial composites had a cariogenic pH of 4.2. Nanocomposites with CHX reduced the biofilm metabolic activity by 10-20 folds and reduced the acid production, compared to the controls. CFU on nanocomposites with CHX were three orders of magnitude less than that on commercial composite. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites with CHX matched a commercial composite without fluoride. Significance. The novel calcium phosphate and fluoride nanocomposites could be rendered antibacterial with CHX to greatly reduce biofilm formation, acid production, CFU and metabolic activity. The antimicrobial and remineralizing nanocomposites with good mechanical properties may be promising for a wide range of tooth restorations with anti-caries capabilities. (C) 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Lei; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cheng, Lei; Zhou, Xuedong] Sichuan Univ, W China Sch Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kraigsley, Alison M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu; zhouxd@scu.edu.cn RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [DE17974, DE14190]; NIDCR-NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]; University of Maryland Dental School; NIST; West China School of Stomatology FX We thank Dr. L. C. Chow and Dr. S. Takagi of the Paffen-barger Research Center of the American Dental Association Foundation and Dr. J.M. Antonucci of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for discussions, and Dr. Qianming Chen at the West China School of Stomatology for help. We are very grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA) and Ivoclar Vivadent (Amherst, NY) for donating the materials. This study was supported by NIH R01 grants DE17974 and DE14190 (HX), NIDCR-NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01, University of Maryland Dental School, NIST, and West China School of Stomatology. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2012.01.006 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 925HJ UT WOS:000302751500018 PM 22317794 ER PT J AU Rand, PS Berejikian, BA Pearsons, TN Noakes, DLG AF Rand, Peter S. Berejikian, Barry A. Pearsons, Todd N. Noakes, David L. G. TI Ecological interactions between wild and hatchery salmonids: an introduction to the special issue SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; FISHERIES C1 [Rand, Peter S.] Wild Salmon Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA USA. [Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Hatchery Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA USA. RP Rand, PS (reprint author), Wild Salmon Ctr, Portland, OR USA. EM prand@wildsalmoncenter.org NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9987-3 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500001 ER PT J AU Tatara, CP Berejikian, BA AF Tatara, Christopher P. Berejikian, Barry A. TI Mechanisms influencing competition between hatchery and wild juvenile anadromous Pacific salmonids in fresh water and their relative competitive abilities SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Competition; Hatchery and wild; Pacific salmonids; Freshwater life stage; Relative competitive ability ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; CHARR SALVELINUS-LEUCOMAENIS; YOUNG MIGRATORY TROUT; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; BROWN TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; REARING ENVIRONMENT; PRIOR RESIDENCE AB Avoiding negative effects of competition from released hatchery salmonids on wild fish is a primary concern for recovery efforts and fisheries management. Several factors affect competition among juvenile salmonids including: (1) whether competition is intra- or interspecific, (2) duration of freshwater cohabitation of hatchery and wild fish, (3) relative body size, (4) prior residence, (5) environmentally induced developmental differences, and (6) fish density. Intraspecific competition is expected to be greater than interspecific because of greater niche overlap between conspecific hatchery and wild fish. Competition is expected to increase with prolonged freshwater cohabitation. Hatchery smolts are often larger than wild, and larger fish are usually superior competitors. However, wild fish have the advantage of prior residence when defending territories and resources in natural streams. Hatchery-induced developmental differences are variable and can favor both hatchery and wild fish. Although all these factors influence competitive interactions, fish density of the composite population (wild + hatchery fish) in relation to habitat carrying capacity likely exerts the greatest influence. The extent of competition and relative competitive ability of wild and hatchery fish can be determined by additive and substitutive experimental designs, respectively, and the limited body of substitutive experiments suggests that the relative competitive ability of hatchery and wild fish is approximately equal when measured as growth. Conducting substitutive experiments becomes difficult as the spatial and temporal scales increase. Large-scale experiments comparing supplemented and control reaches or streams hold some promise for quantifying the effects of released hatchery fish on wild fish behavior, growth and survival. C1 [Tatara, Christopher P.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Tatara, CP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM chris.p.tatara@noaa.gov NR 72 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9906-z PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500002 ER PT J AU Naman, SW Sharpe, CS AF Naman, Seth W. Sharpe, Cameron S. TI Predation by hatchery yearling salmonids on wild subyearling salmonids in the freshwater environment: A review of studies, two case histories, and implications for management SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Review DE Hatchery; Salmon; Steelhead; Predation; Piscivore ID CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SALAR L; PREY; STEELHEAD; RIVER; FISH; TROUT; SIZE AB We conducted a literature review on predation by hatchery yearling salmonids on wild subyearling salmonids in the western United States. The review included 14 studies from the Pacific Northwest and California. In most instances, predation by hatchery yearling salmonids on wild subyearling salmonids occurred at low levels. However, when multiple factors contributing to the incidence of predation were met, localized areas of heavy predation were noted. Total prey consumed ranged from 456 to 111 000 subyearlings for the few studies in which enough information was gathered to make the estimate. We examined two of these studies in more detail: one detecting relatively low predation in four western Washington rivers and one detecting relatively high predation in the Trinity River in northern California. In the case of the rivers in western Washington, over 70% of wild subyearlings had migrated by the time hatchery steelhead were planted and those remaining had grown large enough to reduce their vulnerability to predation. In the case of the Trinity River, less than 20% of wild subyearlings had migrated by the time hatchery steelhead were planted and most were small enough to remain highly vulnerable to predation. We found that managers can effectively minimize the predation rate of hatchery yearling salmonids by reducing the spatial or temporal overlap of predator and prey. Unknown is the extent to which low predation rates, which likely occur in most places hatchery yearlings are released, might still negatively impact prey populations that are at low abundance because of other anthropogenic factors. C1 [Naman, Seth W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Sharpe, Cameron S.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Kelso, WA 98626 USA. RP Naman, SW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM seth.naman@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9819-x PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500003 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Larsen, DA Swanson, P Moore, ME Tatara, CP Gale, WL Pasley, CR Beckman, BR AF Berejikian, Barry A. Larsen, Donald A. Swanson, Penny Moore, Megan E. Tatara, Christopher P. Gale, William L. Pasley, Chris R. Beckman, Brian R. TI Development of natural growth regimes for hatchery-reared steelhead to reduce residualism, fitness loss, and negative ecological interactions SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Steelhead trout; Fitness; Domestication; Ecological interactions; Residualism; Hatchery ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC-VARIATION; MALE MATURATION; WILD ANCESTRY; LIFE-HISTORY; RIVER; SALAR AB Wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) typically spend two or more years in freshwater before migrating to sea, but hatchery steelhead are almost ubiquitously released as yearlings. Their large size at release coupled with life history pathways that include both male and female maturation in freshwater present ecological risks different from those posed by hatchery populations of Pacific salmon. Yearling hatchery reared steelhead that fail to attain minimum thresholds for smoltification or exceed thresholds for male maturation tend to 'residualize' (i.e., remain in freshwater). Residuals pose ecological risks including size-biased interference competition and predation on juvenile salmon and trout. Three hatchery populations of steelhead in Hood Canal, WA were reared under growth regimes designed to produce a more natural age at smoltification (age-2) to aid in rebuilding their respective natural populations. Mean smolt sizes and size variability at age-2 were within the range of wild smolts for two of the three populations. The third population reared at a different facility under similar temperatures exhibited high growth rate variability and high male maturation rates (20% of all released fish). Experimentally comparing age-1 and age-2 smolt programs will help identify optimal rearing strategies to reduce the genetic risk of domestication selection and reduce residualism rates and associated negative ecological effects on natural populations. Investigations of Winthrop National Fish Hatchery summer-run steelhead will measure a) selection on correlated behavioral traits ('behavioral syndromes'), b) degree of smoltification, c) changes in hormones that regulate gonad growth at key developmental stages, and d) conduct extensive post-release monitoring of fish reared under each growth regime. C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Moore, Megan E.; Tatara, Christopher P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Larsen, Donald A.; Swanson, Penny; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gale, William L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mid Columbia River Fishery Resource Off, Leavenworth, WA 98826 USA. [Pasley, Chris R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 15 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9788-0 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500004 ER PT J AU Sturdevant, MV Fergusson, E Hillgruber, N Reese, C Orsi, J Focht, R Wertheimer, A Smoker, B AF Sturdevant, Molly V. Fergusson, Emily Hillgruber, Nicola Reese, Carl Orsi, Joe Focht, Rick Wertheimer, Alex Smoker, Bill TI Lack of trophic competition among wild and hatchery juvenile chum salmon during early marine residence in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Juvenile Pacific salmon; Hatchery-wild; Trophic interactions; Emigration; Oncorhynchus keta; Chum salmon; Diet; Energy density; Early marine; Prey partitioning ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; PINK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; FEEDING-HABITS; ENERGY DENSITY; HIGH SURVIVAL; SMALL ESTUARY; LIFE-HISTORY AB Early marine trophic interactions of wild and hatchery chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were examined as a potential cause for the decline in harvests of adult wild chum salmon in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska. In 2004 and 2005, outmigrating juvenile chum salmon were sampled in nearshore habitats of the inlet (spring) and in epipelagic habitat at Icy Strait (summer) as they approached the Gulf of Alaska. Fish were frozen for energy density determination or preserved for diet analyses, and hatchery stocks were identified from the presence of thermal marks on otoliths. We compared feeding intensity, diets, energy density, and size relationships of wild and hatchery stocks (n = 3123) across locations and weeks. Only hatchery fish feeding intensity was negatively correlated with fish abundance. In both years, hatchery chum salmon were initially larger and had greater energy density than wild fish, but lost condition in early weeks after release as they adapted to feeding on wild prey assemblages. Diets differed between the stocks at all inlet locations, but did not differ for hatchery salmon between littoral and neritic habitats in the outer inlet, where the stocks overlapped most. Both diets and energy density converged by late June. Therefore, if density-dependent interactions affect wild chum salmon, these effects must be very rapid because survivors in Icy Strait showed few differences. Our study also demonstrates that hatchery release strategies used near Taku Inlet successfully promote early spatial segregation and prey partitioning, which reduce the probability of competition between wild and hatchery chum salmon stocks. C1 [Sturdevant, Molly V.; Fergusson, Emily; Orsi, Joe; Wertheimer, Alex] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola; Smoker, Bill] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Reese, Carl] Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Focht, Rick] Douglas Isl Pink & Chum Inc, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Sturdevant, MV (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM molly.sturdevant@noaa.gov FU Pacific Coast Salmon Restoration Fund; Pacific Salmon Commission FX This cooperative investigation by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Auke Bay Laboratories, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG), and DIPAC Incorporated was supported by the Pacific Coast Salmon Restoration Fund administered by the ADFG through the Southeast Sustainable Salmon Fund. The SECM work was also supported by the Pacific Salmon Commission Northern Fund. We dedicate this work to J. Landingham and L. Macaulay, and we thank D. Teersteg, B. Meredith, M. Wunderlich, S. Ballard, K. Hock, C. Farrington, B. Howard, M. Kohan, J. Mitchell, D. Rhea-Fournier, the officers and crew of NOAA ship John N. Cobb, and Capt. R. Dobrydnia of the chartered vessel F/V Teasha for field sampling and laboratory assistance, and two anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 101 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9899-7 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500008 ER PT J AU Daly, EA Brodeur, RD Fisher, JP Weitkamp, LA Teel, DJ Beckman, BR AF Daly, Elizabeth A. Brodeur, Richard D. Fisher, Joseph P. Weitkamp, Laurie A. Teel, David J. Beckman, Brian R. TI Spatial and trophic overlap of marked and unmarked Columbia River Basin spring Chinook salmon during early marine residence with implications for competition between hatchery and naturally produced fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Columbia River Basin; Marine; Juvenile Chinook salmon; Spatial; Trophic; Competition; Hatchery; Wild ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; PINK SALMON; JUVENILE CHINOOK; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PUGET-SOUND AB Ecological interactions between natural and hatchery juvenile salmon during their early marine residence, a time of high mortality, have received little attention. These interactions may negatively influence survival and hamper the ability of natural populations to recover. We examined the spatial distributions and size differences of both marked (hatchery) and unmarked (a high proportion of which are natural) juvenile Chinook salmon in the coastal waters of Oregon and Washington from May to June 1999-2009. We also explored potential trophic interactions and growth differences between unmarked and marked salmon. Overlap in spatial distribution between these groups was high, although catches of unmarked fish were low compared to those of marked hatchery salmon. Peak catches of hatchery fish occurred in May, while a prolonged migration of small unmarked salmon entered our study area toward the end of June. Hatchery salmon were consistently longer than unmarked Chinook salmon especially by June, but unmarked salmon had significantly greater body condition (based on length-weight residuals) for over half of the May sampling efforts. Both unmarked and marked fish ate similar types and amounts of prey for small (station) and large (month, year) scale comparisons, and feeding intensity and growth were not significantly different between the two groups. There were synchronous interannual fluctuations in catch, length, body condition, feeding intensity, and growth between unmarked and hatchery fish, suggesting that both groups were responding similarly to ocean conditions. C1 [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fisher, Joseph P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Daly, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM elizabeth.daly@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration FX Support for our research is through the Bonneville Power Administration and we are grateful for their long term funding of our efforts. We also thank the members of the Estuarine and Ocean Ecology group including Bob Emmett, Bill Peterson and Ed Casillas from NMFS and Cheryl Morgan along with numerous others from OSU who assisted in field collections, laboratory analysis, and database creation. David Kuligowski and Don Van Doornik (NMFS) collected the genetics data used in this study and Kathy Cooper ran IGF-1 assays. Megan O'Connor (OSU) assisted with the R programming. We would also like to thank Bill Pearcy, Barry Berejikian, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 117 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9857-4 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500009 ER PT J AU Heard, WR AF Heard, William R. TI Overview of salmon stock enhancement in southeast Alaska and compatibility with maintenance of hatchery and wild stocks SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Salmon hatcheries; Straying; Wild stocks; Aquaculture associations ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; KODIAK ISLAND; PINK SALMON; PROGRAMS AB Modern salmon hatcheries in Southeast Alaska were established in the 1970s when wild runs were at record low levels. Enhancement programs were designed to help rehabilitate depressed fisheries and to protect wild salmon stocks through detailed planning and permitting processes that included focused policies on genetics, pathology, and management. Hatcheries were located away from significant wild stocks, local sources were used to develop hatchery broodstocks, and juveniles are marked so management can target fisheries on hatchery fish. Initially conceived as a state-run system, the Southeast Alaska (SEAK) program has evolved into a private, non-profit concept centered around regional aquaculture associations run by fishermen and other stakeholders that pay for hatchery operations through landing fees and sale of fish. Today there are 15 production hatcheries and 2 research hatcheries in SEAK that between 2005 and 2009 released from 474 to 580 million (average 517 million) juvenile salmon per year. During this same period commercial harvest of salmon in the region ranged from 28 to 71 million salmon per year (average 49 million). Contributions of hatchery-origin fish to this harvest respectively averaged 2%, 9%, 19%, 20%, and 78% for pink, sockeye, Chinook, coho, and chum salmon. Both hatchery and wild salmon stocks throughout much of Alaska have experienced high marine survivals since the 1980s and 1990s resulting in record harvests over the past two decades. Although some interactions between hatchery salmon and wild salmon are unavoidable including increasing concerns over straying of hatchery fish into wild salmon streams, obvious adverse impacts from hatcheries on production of wild salmon populations in this region are not readily evident. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Heard, WR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM bill.heard@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9855-6 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500020 ER PT J AU Rand, PS Berejikian, BA Bidlack, A Bottom, D Gardner, J Kaeriyama, M Lincoln, R Nagata, M Pearsons, TN Schmidt, M Smoker, WW Weitkamp, LA Zhivotovsky, LA AF Rand, Peter S. Berejikian, Barry A. Bidlack, Allison Bottom, Dan Gardner, Julie Kaeriyama, Masahide Lincoln, Rich Nagata, Mitsuhiro Pearsons, Todd N. Schmidt, Michael Smoker, William W. Weitkamp, Laurie A. Zhivotovsky, Lev A. TI Ecological interactions between wild and hatchery salmonids and key recommendations for research and management actions in selected regions of the North Pacific SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Ecological interactions; North Pacific Ocean; Wild salmon; Hatchery salmon ID COMPETITION; OCEAN AB Advances in salmon culture practices during the latter part of the 20(th) century provided the opportunity for mass production of juvenile salmon. Hatchery-produced salmon currently outnumber wild salmon in some regions around the Pacific Rim, raising concerns about their ecological impacts on wild salmon. We convened five regional sessions at an international conference to identify and discuss issues related to ecological interactions between wild and hatchery salmon. Session participants were charged with identifying key interaction types by salmon life stage. Each group was asked to summarize key research needs and identify management actions that might be needed to reduce risks from hatchery programs. Some common themes emerged in all the sessions, including the importance of predation and competition interactions in freshwater environments during juvenile life stages and breeding interactions among adults. Much less is understood about interactions in estuarine and marine ecosystems, even though these environments may be critical in determining recruitment success. Some groups identified a need for field experiments to test hypotheses related to ecological interactions and the need to understand and, where possible, control hatchery straying. Some groups also discussed the importance of carrying capacity in different environments and how hatchery programs may be contributing to density-dependent effects. There is a lack of focused studies on ecological interactions between wild and hatchery salmon in the Western Pacific. The authors of this paper hope to encourage new research efforts to better understand ecological interactions to help inform management efforts aimed at reducing hatchery risks to wild salmon. C1 [Rand, Peter S.; Lincoln, Rich] Wild Salmon Ctr, State Salmon Program, Portland, OR USA. [Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA USA. [Bidlack, Allison] Ecotrust Copper River Program, Cordova, AK USA. [Bottom, Dan; Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Gardner, Julie] Dovetail Consulting, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Kaeriyama, Masahide] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. [Nagata, Mitsuhiro] Hokkaido Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Res Inst, Eniwa, Japan. [Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA USA. [Schmidt, Michael] Long Live Kings, Seattle, WA USA. [Smoker, William W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Zhivotovsky, Lev A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Genet, Moscow V71, Russia. RP Rand, PS (reprint author), Wild Salmon Ctr, State Salmon Program, Portland, OR USA. EM prand@wildsalmoncenter.org NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2012 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9988-2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925EB UT WOS:000302742500024 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Suzuki, S Hayashi, Y AF Manzello, Samuel L. Suzuki, Sayaka Hayashi, Yoshihiko TI Exposing siding treatments, walls fitted with eaves, and glazing assemblies to firebrand showers SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Firebrands; WUI fires; Ignition ID HIGH WINDS; FUEL BEDS; IGNITION; FIRES; PARTICLES; BUSHFIRES; FLIGHT AB An experimental campaign was undertaken to determine vulnerabilities of siding treatments, walls fitted with eaves, and glazing assemblies to firebrand bombardment using the NIST Dragon installed in the Building Research Institute's Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF). Experiments were also conducted to determine if firebrands can produce ignition in fine fuels placed adjacent to the wall assembly and whether the subsequent ignition of fine fuels could lead to ignition of the wall assembly itself. These experiments are the first to investigate these vulnerabilities in a systematic fashion. The results of these experimental findings are presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Suzuki, Sayaka] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayashi, Yoshihiko] BRI, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [IAA HSHQDZ-10-X-00288]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The able assistance of Mr. Shunta Miura and Professor Yoshifumi Ohmiya, both of the Tokyo University of Science, is appreciated. The USA building materials were prepared in the NIST Large Fire Laboratory (LFL). The assistance of the LFL staff is appreciated (Dr. Matthew F. Bundy-Supervisor; Mr. Laurean DeLauter and Mr. Anthony Chakalis-Engineering Technicians). Mr. John R. Shields of NIST is acknowledged for constructing the Firebrand Generator used for these experiments. The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDZ-10-X-00288 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 50 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.01.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 928MC UT WOS:000302985900003 ER PT J AU Punt, AE Siddeek, MSM Garber-Yonts, B Dalton, M Rugolo, L Stram, D Turnock, BJ Zheng, J AF Punt, Andre E. Siddeek, M. S. M. Garber-Yonts, Brian Dalton, Michael Rugolo, Louis Stram, Diana Turnock, Benjamin J. Zheng, Jie TI Evaluating the impact of buffers to account for scientific uncertainty when setting TACs: application to red king crab in Bristol Bay, Alaska SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acceptable biological catch; buffer; harvest control rule; length-based stock assessment; management strategy evaluation; overfishing; uncertainty ID MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; FISHERIES; STRATEGIES; LIMITS AB Increasingly, scientific uncertainty is being accounted for in fisheries management by implementing an uncertainty buffer, i.e. a difference between the limit catch level given perfect information and the set catch. An approach based on simulation is outlined, which can be used to evaluate the impact of different buffers on short-and long-term catches, discounted revenue, the probability of overfishing (i. e. the catch exceeding the true, but unknown, limit catch), and the stock becoming overfished (i. e. for crab, mature male biomass, MMB, dropping below one-half of the MMB corresponding to maximum sustainable yield). This approach can be applied when only a fraction of the uncertainty related to estimating the limit catch level is quantified through stock assessments. The approach is applied for illustrative purposes to the fishery for red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, in Bristol Bay, AK. C1 [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Siddeek, M. S. M.; Zheng, Jie] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Garber-Yonts, Brian; Dalton, Michael; Rugolo, Louis; Turnock, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stram, Diana] N Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@u.washington.edu OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NPFMC FX AEP acknowledges funding from the NPFMC. Ben Fissel and Martin Dorn (NOAA, AFSC), Doug Woodby (ADF&G), two anonymous reviewers, and the editor are thanked for their comments on drafts of this paper. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 4 BP 624 EP 634 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss047 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 926AT UT WOS:000302804400015 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Stewart, IJ Punt, AE AF Thorson, James T. Stewart, Ian J. Punt, Andre E. TI Development and application of an agent-based model to evaluate methods for estimating relative abundance indices for shoaling fish such as Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottom-trawl survey; delta-model; extreme catch events; hurdle model; index standardization; individual-based model; mixture distribution; quantile regression ID GADUS-MORHUA; TRAWL SURVEY; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; FISHERIES; HABITATS; RESOURCE; COLLAPSE; BEHAVIOR; SCHOOLS AB Many marine fish, including Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.), exhibit habitat-selective and shoaling behaviours, which can lead to imprecision when using survey data to estimate an annual index of stock abundance. We develop a spatial agent-based model (ABM) for Pacific rockfish, which generates data similar to those observed in existing bottom-trawl surveys and can represent various spatial and shoaling behaviours. We use the ABM to evaluate the performance of a model that uses mixture distribution methods to account for fish shoals and delta-methods to account for range expansion or contraction. This delta-mixture model is compared with conventional delta-generalized linear models (delta-GLMs) and a quantile regression delta-model. The delta-mixture increases precision by 15% relative to delta-GLMs in estimated abundance indices when shoaling behaviours are present, whereas precision is similar between delta-GLM and delta-mixture models when shoals are absent. The delta-quantile method has similar improvements over conventional delta-GLM methods, and the improved precision from delta-mixture and delta-quantile methods is decreased but not eliminated by decreased sampling intensities. These simulations represent the first evaluation of delta-mixture models for index standardization and show a substantial improvement over conventional delta-GLMs for shoaling species such as Pacific rockfish. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stewart, Ian J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jimthor@uw.edu RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014; OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU University of Washington; NMFS [NA09OAR4170120]; NMFS via NOAA [354 NA17RJ1232]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 1892] FX The authors would like to thank E. Clarke, T. Essington, and R. Hilborn, as well as the NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division for providing bottom-trawl data for successful and unsuccessful tows. We also thank T. Helser for discussions leading to the ideas for this research, and editorial help from V. Gertseva, S. Kraak, I. Taylor, and three anonymous reviewers. Support was provided by the University of Washington, the NMFS-Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship (NA09OAR4170120), and a NMFS grant to the University of Washington via NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. 354 NA17RJ1232. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution #1892. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 69 IS 4 BP 635 EP 647 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss003 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 926AT UT WOS:000302804400016 ER PT J AU Hertz, JL Lahr, DL Semancik, S AF Hertz, Joshua L. Lahr, David L. Semancik, Steve TI Combinatorial Characterization of Chemiresistive Films Using Microhotplates SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Chemiresistance; combinatorial methods; microhotplate; tin oxide AB When producing chemical sensors, especially in thin film form, there are often a large variety of processing variables that are believed to impact the ultimate performance of the materials. It is thus advantageous to find methods for simultaneous, high-throughput characterization of many process variables. Here, we report on a method for using MEMS-based microhotplates to create and characterize arrays of chemiresistive SnO2 thin films. The microhotplates are used both to control the thermal process variables at each element of the array during film growth by CVD as well as subsequently to operate the sensors. Example chemiresistive properties of the films at 200 degrees C were characterized during exposure to CH3OH and NO2. Through the use of a fractional factorial experiment design, the effects of 4 different process variables (growth temperature, thickness, presence of a dopant and use of rapidly pulsed heating during growth) were reliably determined using only 8 films and the associated statistical modeling of the results. C1 [Hertz, Joshua L.; Lahr, David L.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hertz, JL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM hertz@udel.edu; dllahr@gmail.com; steves@nist.gov RI Hertz, Joshua/B-7239-2012 OI Lahr, David/0000-0001-6283-0286; Hertz, Joshua/0000-0003-0650-5141 FU National Research Council FX Manuscript received August 29, 2011; accepted October 21, 2011. Date of publication October 26, 2011; date of current version April 13, 2012. This work was supported in part by the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship program. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. E. H. Yang. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1459 EP 1460 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2011.2173673 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 928DW UT WOS:000302962300019 ER PT J AU Song, J Chu, W Vorburger, TV Thompson, R Renegar, TB Zheng, A Yen, J Silver, R Ols, M AF Song, J. Chu, W. Vorburger, T. V. Thompson, R. Renegar, T. B. Zheng, A. Yen, J. Silver, R. Ols, M. TI Development of ballistics identification-from image comparison to topography measurement in surface metrology SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments (ISMTII) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2011 CL KAIST, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Comm Measurements & Instrumentat (ICMI), Korean Soc Precis Engn (KSPE), Japan Soc Precis Engn (JSPE), Chinese Soc Measurement (CSM) HO KAIST DE surface metrology; topography measurement; forensic science; ballistics identification; standard bullet; cartridge case ID STANDARD BULLETS AB Fired bullets and ejected cartridge cases have unique ballistics signatures left by the firearm. By analyzing the ballistics signatures, forensic examiners can trace these bullets and cartridge cases to the firearm used in a crime scene. Current automated ballistics identification systems are primarily based on image comparisons using optical microscopy. The correlation accuracy depends on image quality which is largely affected by lighting conditions. Because ballistics signatures are geometrical micro-topographies by nature, direct measurement and correlation of the surface topography is being investigated for ballistics identification. A Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Topography Measurement and Correlation System was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for certification of Standard Reference Material 2460/2461 bullets and cartridge cases. Based on this system, a prototype system for bullet signature measurement and correlation has been developed for bullet signature identifications, and has demonstrated superior correlation results. C1 [Song, J.; Chu, W.; Vorburger, T. V.; Thompson, R.; Renegar, T. B.; Zheng, A.; Yen, J.; Silver, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chu, W.] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Ols, M.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco Firearms & Explos ATF, Ammendale, MD 20705 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM junfeng.song@nist.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 23 IS 5 AR 054010 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/23/5/054010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 929CR UT WOS:000303039300011 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Gu, S Della Torre, E Bennett, LH Provenzano, V AF Jin, Yi Gu, Shuo Della Torre, Edward Bennett, Lawrence H. Provenzano, Virgil TI Modeling of metamagnetism in metallic-based materials with first-order transitions SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Hysteresis Modeling and Micromagnetics CY MAY 09-11, 2011 CL Trento, ITALY DE Gd5Si2Ge2; Metamagnetism; Metamagnets; Phenomenological modeling ID MAGNETIZATION; GD5SI2GE2 AB During the past decade, the magnetic properties of metallic-based materials with first-order transitions have been extensively studied, motivated in part by the observation of large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) peaks displayed by these materials near room temperature. These large peaks are believed to be the result of the materials' magnetic properties at the metamagnetic region, characterized by (i) the thermal-induced transition from the ferromagnetic state (FM) to the paramagnetic state (PM) near the Curie temperature (T-C) and (ii) the field-induced transition from PM state to FM state above T-C. We developed a phenomenological model that utilizes the materials' mixed-state probability function to model the materials' complex hysteretic and properties at metamagnetic region. The approximate probability functions are obtained from the first and second derivatives of the magnetization curve. The probability functions are used to separate the materials' magnetization into a FM state component and a PM state component. The applicability of the model is demonstrated for a metallic-based metamagnetic material, Gd5Si2Ge2 compound, where the modeled behaviors show remarkable agreement with the experimental data at the metamagnetic region and provide new physical insights in this mixed-state region. Specifically, in the region of metamagnetic transition, the PM state component is non-reversible and is a function of the FM state component. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jin, Yi; Gu, Shuo; Della Torre, Edward; Bennett, Lawrence H.] George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Provenzano, Virgil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM yijin@gwmail.gwu.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0003839]; agency of the United States Government FX The authors would like to thank Dr. F. Johnson, Dr. M. Zou, Dr. M. Yin, Dr. R. Adharapurapu, Mr. D. Beer, and other members of GE Global Research for insightful discussions. In addition, authors would like to thank G. Kahler and M. Movichi of the Institute for Magnetics Research at the George Washington University for their helpful discussions. This work is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0003839.; This paper was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 407 IS 9 BP 1381 EP 1384 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2011.09.044 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 927NS UT WOS:000302915400017 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, H McDonough, WG Dunkers, JP Wight, SA Lee, HJ Kim, JH Forster, AL Rice, KD Holmes, GA AF Kobayashi, H. McDonough, W. G. Dunkers, J. P. Wight, S. A. Lee, H. J. Kim, J. H. Forster, A. L. Rice, K. D. Holmes, G. A. TI X-ray scattering study on the damage in fibers used in soft body armor after folding SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID P-PHENYLENEBENZOBISOXAZOLE FIBERS; BALLISTIC FIBERS; PBO FIBER; DEGRADATION; MICROVOIDS AB The goals of the research effort described in this article are to develop a framework to evaluate improvements in next-generation fibers used in soft body armor and to anticipate long-term performance and potential fiber deterioration. This effort to date has included the effect of folding on the fibers and exploring the interaction between the specific fiber strain energy and their sound velocity. Previous work in this lab noted a severe drop-off of tensile strength and strain-to-failure in poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers when subjected to repeated folding. Subsequent work on poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers showed at most a slight drop-off in these mechanical properties. Results from wide angle X-ray diffraction indicated that both PPTA and PBO fibers showed no significant changes in the d-spacing and the apparent crystal size. However, with small angle X-ray scattering, it was found that the void and fibril sizes within PBO fibers may decrease after folding. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed no damage to the fiber surfaces upon folding, and confocal microscopy revealed extensive internal damage to the PBO fibers that tracks well with the SAXS and mechanical testing results. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. (c) 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Kobayashi, H.; McDonough, W. G.; Dunkers, J. P.; Lee, H. J.; Kim, J. H.; Holmes, G. A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wight, S. A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, A. L.; Rice, K. D.] NIST, Off Special Programs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McDonough, WG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.mcdonough@nist.gov OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 33 IS 5 BP 803 EP 811 DI 10.1002/pc.22210 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 926AB UT WOS:000302802600019 ER PT J AU Williams, JG Armstrong, G Katopodis, C Lariniere, M Travade, F AF Williams, J. G. Armstrong, G. Katopodis, C. Lariniere, M. Travade, F. TI THINKING LIKE A FISH: A KEY INGREDIENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE FISH PASSAGE FACILITIES AT RIVER OBSTRUCTIONS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE dams; fish passage; fish behaviour; fish bypass systems ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; LOWER GRANITE DAM; ATLANTIC SALMON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; VELOCITY BARRIERS AB Worldwide, obstructions on watercourses have interfered with migratory pathways of fish species, reducing life-cycle success and often eliminating diadromous fish species altogether from river basins. Over the last century, efforts to mitigate these effects were initially directed at developing fishways for upstream, high-value migrant adult salmon. In more recent years, efforts have turned to developing fishways for other species. Results of past research suggest that the development of effective fishways requires biological knowledge of fish behaviour when encountering variable flows, velocity and turbulence, combined with hydraulic and civil engineering knowledge and expertise to develop facilities that provide appropriate hydraulic conditions that fish will exploit. Further, it often requires substantial financial resources for biological and hydraulic testing as well as engineering design, particularly where prior knowledge of the behaviour of target fish species does not exist. Where biological or engineering knowledge (or both) is absent, development of effective passage facilities must take on a trial and error approach that will almost certainly require years to attain success. Evaluations of existing adult and juvenile fish passage facilities, where they have been carried out, suggest that migrant fish reject areas with hydraulic conditions they determine unsuitable. Even well designed fish ladders or nature-like bypass channels for upstream migrants, even those with good attraction flows, will fail if incorrectly sited. Although progress has been made, developing successful installations for downstream migrants remains much more difficult, probably because downstream fish move with the flow and have less time to assess cues at entrances to any bypasses that they encounter. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Williams, J. G.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Williams, J. G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Armstrong, G.] Environm Agcy Wales, Haverford, Pembrokeshire, Wales. [Katopodis, C.] Katopodis Ecohydraul Ltd, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Lariniere, M.] Inst Mecan Fluides Toulouse, Natl Off Water & Aquat Environm ONEMA, Toulouse, France. [Travade, F.] Elect France Etud & Rech, Chatou, France. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jgw3@u.washington.edu NR 108 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 23 U2 122 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 SI SI BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1002/rra.1551 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 927UY UT WOS:000302937000002 ER PT J AU Morley, SA Toft, JD Hanson, KM AF Morley, Sarah A. Toft, Jason D. Hanson, Karrie M. TI Ecological Effects of Shoreline Armoring on Intertidal Habitats of a Puget Sound Urban Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Shoreline armoring; Upper intertidal; Urban estuary; Puget Sound; Duwamish River; Juvenile salmon; Invertebrates; Temperature ID SALMON; FISH; COMMUNITIES; CRUSTACEANS; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; BEACHES; DESIGN AB Shoreline armoring is extensive in urban areas worldwide, but the ecological consequences are poorly documented. We mapped shoreline armoring along the Duwamish River estuary (Washington State, USA) and evaluated differences in temperature, invertebrates, and juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) diet between armored and unarmored intertidal habitats. Mean substrate temperatures were significantly warmer at armored sites, but water temperature similar to unarmored habitats. Epibenthic invertebrate densities were over tenfold greater on unarmored shorelines and taxa richness double that of armored locations. Taxa richness of neuston invertebrates was also higher at unarmored sites, but abundance similar. We did not detect differences in Chinook (O. tshawytscha) diet, but observed a higher proportion of benthic prey for chum (O. keta) from unarmored sites. Given that over 66% of the Duwamish shoreline is armored-similar to much of south and central Puget Sound-our results underscore the need for further ecological study to address the impacts of estuary armoring. C1 [Morley, Sarah A.; Hanson, Karrie M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Toft, Jason D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Morley, SA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM sarah.morley@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Judith Noble and Julie Hall from Seattle Public Utilities for sharing their insider knowledge of the Duwamish estuary. We are grateful for field and data entry assistance from Jesse Ayers, Todd Bennett, Alicia Godersky, Kris Kloehn, Bill Mowitt, Andrea Pratt, Frank Sommers, and other members of the Watershed Program. Invertebrate samples were processed by Katie Dodd and Ben Starkhouse, with taxonomic expertise provided by Jeff Cordell at the University of Washington. Hiroo Imaki and Martin Liermann provided consultation in GIS and statistics, and Casey Rice and Correigh Greene contributed valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research would not have been possible without funding from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grant Program. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 774 EP 784 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9481-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 921MH UT WOS:000302481200007 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Williams, GD Levin, PS AF Harvey, Chris J. Williams, Gregory D. Levin, Phillip S. TI Food Web Structure and Trophic Control in Central Puget Sound SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Puget Sound; Ecosystem modeling; Food webs; Trophic structure; Ecosystem-based management; Ecopath with Ecosim ID BALD EAGLES; MODELS; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS; SENSITIVITY; ECOPATH; DIETS AB We developed a food web model of central Puget Sound to provide science-based support for ecosystem-based management and to refine our understanding of bottom-up and top-down trophic forcing. Phytoplankton accounted for a large fraction of total biomass, total throughput, and caused considerable bottom-up effects in most functional groups in a dynamic simulation fit to time series data from 1981 to 2000. Top-down control was most apparent in the case of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), which exhibited keystone tendencies and appeared capable of causing trophic cascades. Increasing top-down control in several predator-prey relationships improved model fits to time series data from 1981 to 2000, but not as much as introducing non-equilibrium dynamics (biomass accumulation terms) to several key vertebrates. Fishing had little effect on system dynamics. Our model appears well-suited for addressing strategic, scenario-based questions of how the community as a whole will respond to management actions. C1 [Harvey, Chris J.; Williams, Gregory D.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM chris.harvey@noaa.gov FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Puyallup Tribe of Indians; Washington Department of Ecology; Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission; NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank all who contributed to the NOAA technical memorandum (Harvey et al. 2010), upon which this work is based. Support, cooperation, and unpublished data were generously provided by scientists from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (G. Bargmann, D. Bacon, G. Blatz, S. Burton, O. Eveningsong, J. Evenson, K. Henderson, L. Hoines, S. Jeffries, E. Kraig, M. Lance, G. Lippert, M. O'Toole, W. Palsson, S. Pearson, B. Sizemore, K. Stick, D. Stinson, and J. Watson), King County (S. Mickelson), the Puyallup Tribe of Indians (A. Berger), the Washington Department of Ecology (M. Dutch), the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (B. Patton), and the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center (A. Albaugh, K. Bartz, A. Guerry, T. Good, and C. Rice). J. Davies created Fig. 1. E. Quimby and B. Tarrant assisted with table creation. I. Valiela, J. Samhouri, I. Kaplan, C. Ainsworth, and four anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier versions of this paper. This research was supported by funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 821 EP 838 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9483-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 921MH UT WOS:000302481200011 ER PT J AU Herfort, L Peterson, TD Prahl, FG McCue, LA Needoba, JA Crump, BC Roegner, GC Campbell, V Zuber, P AF Herfort, Lydie Peterson, Tawnya D. Prahl, Fredrick G. McCue, Lee Ann Needoba, Joseph A. Crump, Byron C. Roegner, G. Curtis Campbell, Victoria Zuber, Peter TI Red Waters of Myrionecta rubra are Biogeochemical Hotspots for the Columbia River Estuary with Impacts on Primary/Secondary Productions and Nutrient Cycles SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Myrionecta rubra; Mesodinium rubrum; Red waters; Biogeochemical cycles; Columbia River estuary ID CILIATE MESODINIUM-RUBRUM; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHYTOPLANKTON; NITROGEN; TIDES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ABSORPTION; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY AB The localized impact of blooms of the mixotrophic ciliate Myrionecta rubra in the Columbia River estuary during 2007-2010 was evaluated with biogeochemical, light microscopy, physiological, and molecular data. M. rubra affected surrounding estuarine nutrient cycles, as indicated by high and low concentrations of organic nutrients and inorganic nitrogen, respectively, associated with red waters. M. rubra blooms also altered the energy transfer pattern in patches of the estuarine water that contain the ciliate by creating areas characterized by high primary production and elevated levels of fresh autochthonous particulate organic matter, therefore shifting the trophic status in emergent red water areas of the estuary from net heterotrophy towards autotrophy. The pelagic estuarine bacterial community structure was unaffected by M. rubra abundance, but red waters of the ciliate do offer a possible link between autotrophic and heterotrophic processes since they were associated with elevated dissolved organic matter and showed a tendency for enhanced microbial secondary production. Taken together, these findings suggest that M. rubra red waters are biogeochemical hotspots of the Columbia River estuary. C1 [Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Needoba, Joseph A.; Campbell, Victoria; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Needoba, Joseph A.; Campbell, Victoria; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Prahl, Fredrick G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCue, Lee Ann] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Crump, Byron C.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Roegner, G. Curtis] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Point Adams Biol Field Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Herfort, L (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM herfortl@ebs.ogi.edu OI McCue, Lee Ann/0000-0003-4456-517X FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0424602]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This study was carried out within the context of the Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation & Prediction (CMOP) supported by the National Science Foundation (grant number OCE-0424602). A portion of the research was performed with support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 878 EP 891 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9485-z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 921MH UT WOS:000302481200015 ER PT J AU Roberts, JJ Grecay, PA Ludsin, SA Pothoven, SA Vanderploeg, HA Hook, TO AF Roberts, James J. Grecay, Paul A. Ludsin, Stuart A. Pothoven, Steve A. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Evidence of hypoxic foraging forays by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and potential consequences for prey consumption SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anoxia; bioenergetics; eutrophication; Great Lakes; movement behaviour ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CISCO COREGONUS-ARTEDI; ANCHOVIES ANCHOA SPP.; CENTRAL LAKE-ERIE; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; HYPOLIMNETIC OXYGENATION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; TARGET-STRENGTH; AMISK LAKE AB 1. Previous studies in a variety of ecosystems have shown that ecologically and economically important benthic and bentho-pelagic fishes avoid hypoxic (<2 mg O-2 L-1) habitats by moving vertically or horizontally to more oxygenated areas. While avoidance of hypoxic conditions generally leads to a complete shift away from preferred benthic prey, some individual fish continue to consume benthic prey items in spite of bottom hypoxia, suggesting complex habitat utilisation and foraging patterns. For example, Lake Erie yellow perch (Perca flavescens) continue to consume benthic prey, despite being displaced vertically and horizontally by hypolimnetic hypoxia. 2. We hypothesised that hypolimnetic hypoxia can negatively affect yellow perch by altering their distribution and inducing energetically expensive foraging behaviour. To test this hypothesis, we used drifting hydroacoustics and trawl sampling to quantify water column distribution, sub-daily vertical movement and foraging behaviour of yellow perch within hypoxic and normoxic habitats of Lake Erie's central basin during August-September 2007. We also investigated the effects of rapid changes in ambient oxygen conditions on yellow perch consumption potential by exposing yellow perch to various static and fluctuating oxygen conditions in a controlled laboratory experiment. 3. Our results indicate that, while yellow perch in general avoid hypoxic conditions, some individuals undertake foraging forays into hypoxic habitats where they experience greater fluctuations in abiotic conditions (pressure, temperature and oxygen concentration) than at normoxic sites. However, laboratory results suggest short-term exposure to low oxygen conditions did not negatively impact consumption potential of yellow perch. 4. Detailed understanding of sub-daily individual behaviours may be crucial for determining interactive individual-and ecosystem-level effects of stressors such as hypoxia. C1 [Roberts, James J.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Roberts, James J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Grecay, Paul A.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pothoven, Steve A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Roberts, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jjrobert@colostate.edu; thook@purdue.edu RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU NOAA-GLERL; NOAA; US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office; NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA07OAR432000] FX We thank all those who helped with field portions of this study, including Greg Jacobs, Brad Utrup, Dave Fanslow, Joann Cavaletto and Aaron Adamack, and those who provided help in the laboratory, including Jennifer Metes, Benjamin Ciotti and Catherine House. We would also like to extend a special thanks to the captains and crew of the R/V Laurentian and R/V Lake Guardian. Lastly, we thank Tim Targett, who facilitated our use of his dynamic experimental system. Edward Rutherford, Don Scavia and Earl Werner provided comments on a draft of this manuscript. This work was conducted as part of the International Field Years on Lake Erie (IFYLE) program, supported by NOAA-GLERL, NOAA National Sea Grant and the US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office and in part by NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research grant NA07OAR432000. This manuscript is GLERL-NOAA contribution no. 1613 and EcoFore Lake Erie publication no. 12-002. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 57 IS 5 BP 922 EP 937 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02753.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 920IK UT WOS:000302397300003 ER PT J AU Selig, ER Casey, KS Bruno, JF AF Selig, Elizabeth R. Casey, Kenneth S. Bruno, John F. TI Temperature-driven coral decline: the role of marine protected areas SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; climate change; conservation; coral; marine protected areas; resilience; resistance ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL-STRESS; MANAGEMENT; OCEAN; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; RESERVES; BIODIVERSITY AB Warming ocean temperatures are considered to be an important cause of the degradation of the world's coral reefs. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been proposed as one tool to increase coral reef ecosystem resistance and resilience (i.e. recovery) to the negative effects of climate change, yet few studies have evaluated their efficacy in achieving these goals. We used a high resolution 4 km global temperature anomaly database from 19852005 and 8040 live coral cover surveys on protected and unprotected reefs to determine whether or not MPAs have been effective in mitigating temperature-driven coral loss. Generally, protection in MPAs did not reduce the effect of warm temperature anomalies on coral cover declines. Shortcomings in MPA design, including size and placement, may have contributed to the lack of an MPA effect. Empirical studies suggest that corals that have been previously exposed to moderate levels of thermal stress have greater adaptive capacity and resistance to future thermal stress events. Existing MPAs protect relatively fewer reefs with moderate anomaly frequencies, potentially reducing their effectiveness. However, our results also suggest that the benefits from MPAs may not be great enough to offset the magnitude of losses from acute thermal stress events. Although MPAs are important conservation tools, their limitations in mitigating coral loss from acute thermal stress events suggest that they need to be complemented with policies aimed at reducing the activities responsible for climate change. C1 [Selig, Elizabeth R.] Conservat Int, Sci Knowledge Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Casey, Kenneth S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Selig, ER (reprint author), Conservat Int, Sci Knowledge Div, 2011 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM e.selig@conservation.org RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117 FU NOAA; EPA STAR; University of North Carolina FX We thank S. C. Lee, M. O'Connor, T. Kristiansen, J. Weiss, V. G. W. Schutte, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and the Nature Conservancy contributed data on MPA boundaries. ERS, JFB, and KSC gratefully acknowledge partial funding from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program for development of the CoRTAD. E. R. S. was funded by an EPA STAR fellowship and a University of North Carolina Ross and Charlotte Johnson Family Fellowship. NR 56 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 11 U2 1270 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1561 EP 1570 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02658.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 922JP UT WOS:000302543500009 ER PT J AU Gu, XH Chen, GD Zhao, MH Watson, SS Nguyen, T Chin, JW Martin, JW AF Gu, Xiaohong Chen, Guodong Zhao, Minhua Watson, Stephanie S. Tinh Nguyen Chin, Joannie W. Martin, Jonathan W. TI Critical role of particle/polymer interface in photostability of nano-filled polymeric coatings SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZnO nanoparticles; Interface; Photodegradation; Accelerated test; Polyurethane; Waterborne; Polymeric coatings; UV irradiation; NIST SPHERE ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TAPPING-MODE; EPOXY COMPOSITES; COALESCENCE MECHANISMS; GLASS-TRANSITION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; GRAPHITE FIBERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; FILMS; INTERPHASE AB Nanoparticle-filled polymeric coatings have attracted great interest in recent years because the incorporation of nanofillers can significantly enhance the mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal, and antimicrobial properties of coatings. Due to the small size of the fillers, the volume fraction of the nanoparticle/polymer interfacial area in nano-filled systems is drastically increased, and the interfacial region becomes important in the performance of the nano-filled system. However, techniques used for characterizing nanoparticle/polymer interfaces are limited, and thus, the mechanism by which interfacial properties affect the photostability and the long-term performance of nano-filled polymeric coatings is not well understood. In this study, the role of the nanoparticle/polymer interface on the ultraviolet (UV) stability of a nano-ZnO-filled polyurethane (PU) coating system was investigated. The effects of parameters influencing the particle/polymer interfacial properties, such as size, loading, surface modification of the nanoparticles, on photodegradation of ZnO/PU films were evaluated. The nature of the interfacial regions before and after UV exposures were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based techniques. Results have shown that the interfacial properties strongly affect chemical, thermo-mechanical, and morphological properties of the UV-exposed ZnO/PU films. By combining tapping mode AFM and novel electric force microscopy (EFM), the particle/polymer interfacial regions have been successfully detected directly from the surface of the ZnO/PU films. Further, our results indicate that ZnO nanoparticles can function as a photocatalyst or a photostabilizer, depending on the UV exposure conditions. A hypothesis is proposed that the polymers in the vicinity of the ZnO/PU interface are preferentially degraded or protected, depending on whether ZnO nanoparticles act as a photocatalyst or a photostabilizer in the polymers. This study clearly demonstrates that the particle/polymer interface plays a critical role in the photostability of nano-filled polymeric coatings. C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Chen, Guodong; Zhao, Minhua; Watson, Stephanie S.; Tinh Nguyen; Chin, Joannie W.; Martin, Jonathan W.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiaohong.gu@nist.gov RI Zhao, Minhua/A-6678-2009 OI Zhao, Minhua/0000-0003-4880-1010 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES JI J. Coat. Technol. Res. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 251 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s11998-011-9326-1 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 920JL UT WOS:000302400500002 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD Davis, JM Scott, KCK Szakal, C AF Holbrook, R. D. Davis, J. M. Scott, K. C. K. Szakal, C. TI Detection and speciation of brominated flame retardants in high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) polymers SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Brominated flame retardants; focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy; polymers; secondary ion mass spectrometry; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HOUSE-DUST; EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE; PBDES; FATE AB Polymeric materials have been suggested as possible environmental sources of persistent organic pollutants such as flame retardants. In situ, micrometre-scale characterization techniques for polymer matrix containing flame retardants may provide some insight into the dominant environmental transfer mechanism(s) of these brominated compounds. In this work, we demonstrate that micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (mu XRF), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) are promising techniques for the elemental and chemical identification of brominated fire retardant compounds (such as the deca-congener of polybrominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209) within polymeric materials (e.g. high-impact polystyrene or HIPS). Data from mu XRF demonstrated that bromine (Br) inclusions were evenly distributed throughout the HIPS samples, whereas FIB SEM-EDS analysis revealed that small antimony (Sb) and Br inclusions are present, and regionally higher concentrations of Br surround the Sb inclusions (compared to the bulk material). Four prominent mass-to-charge ratio peaks (m/z 485, 487, 489 and 491) that correspond to BDE-209 were identified by ToF-SIMS and can be used to chemically distinguish this molecule on the surface of polymeric materials with respect to other brominated organic molecules. These techniques can be important in any study that investigates the route of entry to the environmental surroundings of BDE-containing materials. C1 [Holbrook, R. D.; Davis, J. M.; Scott, K. C. K.; Szakal, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holbrook, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 246 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03602.x PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 923IS UT WOS:000302613600005 PM 22455446 ER PT J AU Presser, C AF Presser, Cary TI Absorption coefficient measurements of particle-laden filters using laser heating: Validation with nigrosin SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Absorptivity; Absorption coefficient; Climate change; Laser heating; Nigrosin; Particle-laden filters; Transmissivity ID COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEX; AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; CAVITY RING; INTEGRATING PLATE; CROSS-SECTION; SPECTROMETER; ATTENUATION; CALIBRATION; SUBSTANCES AB A laser-heating technique, referred as the laser-driven thermal reactor, was used in conjunction with laser transmissivity measurements to determine the absorption coefficient of particle-laden substrates (e.g., quartz-fiber filters). The novelty of this approach is that it analyzes a wide variety of specific samples (not just filtered samples) and overcomes measurement issues (e.g., absorption enhancement) associated with other filter-based particle absorption techniques. The absorption coefficient was determined for nigrosin-laden, quartz-fiber filters and the effect of the filter on the absorption measurements was estimated when compared to the isolated nigrosin results. The isolated nigrosin absorption coefficient compared favorably with Lorenz-Mie calculations for an idealized polydispersion of spherical particles (based on a measured nigronsin/de-ionized water suspension size distribution) dispersed throughout a volume equivalent to that of the nigrosin-laden filter. To validate the approach, the absorption coefficient of a nigrosin/de-ionized water suspension was in good agreement with results obtained from an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer. In addition, the estimated imaginary part of the refractive index from the Lorenz-Mie calculations compared well with literature values and was used to estimate the absorption coefficient of optically opaque packed nigrosin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Presser, C (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cpresser@nist.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 113 IS 8 BP 607 EP 623 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.01.009 PG 17 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 921UT UT WOS:000302504100004 ER PT J AU McDonald, BI Goebel, ME Crocker, DE Costa, DP AF McDonald, Birgitte I. Goebel, Michael E. Crocker, Daniel E. Costa, Daniel P. TI Dynamic Influence of Maternal and Pup Traits on Maternal Care during Lactation in an Income Breeder, the Antarctic Fur Seal SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA PUPS; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MILK INTAKE; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SOUTH GEORGIA; SOAY SHEEP; GRAY SEALS AB Life-history theory predicts that selection will favor optimal levels of parental effort that balance benefits of current reproduction with costs to survival and future reproduction. The optimal level of effort depends on parental traits, offspring traits, and provisioning strategy. Additionally, how these factors influence effort may differ depending on the stage of reproduction. The relative importance of maternal and offspring traits on energy allocation to offspring was investigated in known-age Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella across four stages of reproduction, using birth mass and milk-consumption measurements. Maternal traits were important during three of the four stages investigated, with larger females giving birth to larger pups and investing more in pups during perinatal and molt stages. Pup mass influenced maternal effort during the premolt stage, and provisioning strategy influenced postnatal maternal effort at all stages. Energy provided to the offspring during an attendance visit was positively related to the duration of the foraging-trip/visit cycle; however, when investment was controlled for trip/visit cycle duration, the overall rate of energy transfer was similar across trip durations. In addition to strong effects of maternal mass, pup traits affected energy allocation, suggesting that pup demand is important in determining maternal care. These findings emphasize the importance of considering state variables in life-history studies and suggest that timing of measurements of effort in species with long provisioning periods may influence conclusions and our ability to make comparisons of reproductive effort among species. C1 [McDonald, Birgitte I.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarct Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP McDonald, BI (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gitte.mcdonald@gmail.com FU U.S. AMLR; NSF Office of Polar Programs [0440687]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); NSF FX We thank all those who assisted with the collection of the data, in particular C. Champagne, R. Haner, and S. Seganti. Logistical support was provided by the U. S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) Program, the National Science Foundation (NSF) U.S. Antarctic Program, and Raytheon Polar Services. This article was improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. Research was funded by the U.S. AMLR Program and NSF Office of Polar Programs grant 0440687 to D. P. C, D. E. C., and M. E. G. B. I. M. was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship Program and an NSF graduate fellowship. The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 38 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 EI 1537-5293 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD MAY-JUN PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1086/665407 PG 12 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 925UQ UT WOS:000302787600004 PM 22494980 ER PT J AU Enns, AA Vogel, LJ Abdelzaher, AM Solo-Gabriele, HM Plano, LRW Gidley, ML Phillips, MC Klaus, JS Piggot, AM Feng, ZX Reniers, AJHM Haus, BK Elmir, SM Zhang, YF Jimenez, NH Abdel-Mottaleb, N Schoor, ME Brown, A Khan, SQ Dameron, AS Salazar, NC Fleming, LE AF Enns, Amber A. Vogel, Laura J. Abdelzaher, Amir M. Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Plano, Lisa R. W. Gidley, Maribeth L. Phillips, Matthew C. Klaus, James S. Piggot, Alan M. Feng, Zhixuan Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Haus, Brian K. Elmir, Samir M. Zhang, Yifan Jimenez, Nasly H. Abdel-Mottaleb, Noha Schoor, Michael E. Brown, Alexis Khan, Sumbul Q. Dameron, Adrienne S. Salazar, Norma C. Fleming, Lora E. TI Spatial and temporal variation in indicator microbe sampling is influential in beach management decisions SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Enterococci; S. aureus; Beaches; Management; Variability ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; RECREATIONAL MARINE WATERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY; SAND; BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCI; HEALTH; CONTAMINANTS AB Fecal indicator microbes, such as enterococci, are often used to assess potential health risks caused by pathogens at recreational beaches. Microbe levels often vary based on collection time and sampling location. The primary goal of this study was to assess how spatial and temporal variations in sample collection, which are driven by environmental parameters, impact enterococci measurements and beach management decisions. A secondary goal was to assess whether enterococci levels can be predictive of the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, a skin pathogen. Over a ten-day period, hydrometeorologic data, hydrodynamic data, bather densities, enterococci levels, and S. aureus levels including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were measured in both water and sand. Samples were collected hourly for both water and sediment at knee-depth, and every 6 h for water at waist-depth, supratidal sand, intertidal sand, and waterline sand. Results showed that solar radiation, tides, and rainfall events were major environmental factors that impacted enterococci levels. S. aureus levels were associated with bathing load, but did not correlate with enterococci levels or any other measured parameters. The results imply that frequencies of advisories depend heavily upon sample collection policies due to spatial and temporal variation of enterococci levels in response to environmental parameters. Thus, sampling at different times of the day and at different depths can significantly impact beach management decisions. Additionally, the lack of correlation between S. aureus and enterococci suggests that use of fecal indicators may not accurately assess risk for some pathogens. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Enns, Amber A.; Vogel, Laura J.; Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Plano, Lisa R. W.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Phillips, Matthew C.; Klaus, James S.; Piggot, Alan M.; Feng, Zhixuan; Reniers, Ad J. H. M.; Haus, Brian K.; Zhang, Yifan; Jimenez, Nasly H.; Abdel-Mottaleb, Noha; Schoor, Michael E.; Brown, Alexis; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enns, Amber A.; Vogel, Laura J.; Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Phillips, Matthew C.; Zhang, Yifan; Jimenez, Nasly H.; Abdel-Mottaleb, Noha; Schoor, Michael E.; Khan, Sumbul Q.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Dameron, Adrienne S.; Salazar, Norma C.] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Dameron, Adrienne S.; Salazar, Norma C.] Univ Miami, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Gidley, Maribeth L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Klaus, James S.] Univ Miami, Dept Geol Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Klaus, James S.; Piggot, Alan M.] Univ Miami, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Feng, Zhixuan; Reniers, Ad J. H. M.; Haus, Brian K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Elmir, Samir M.] Miami Dade Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth & Engn, Miami, FL 33056 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Exeter, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Truro TR1 3HD, Cornwall, England. RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Arch & Environm Engn, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM hmsolo@miami.edu RI Feng, Zhixuan/G-4001-2011; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014; OI gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; Feng, Zhixuan/0000-0002-4774-7027 FU NSF-NIEHS [1 P50 ES12736, OCE0432368/0911373]; NSF REU FX This research was funded by the NSF-NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program (NIEHS # 1 P50 ES12736 and NSF #OCE0432368/0911373). Support was also provided by the NSF REU program in Oceans and Human Health. We would like to thank the numerous students at University of Miami and volunteers from the Miami-Dade County Department of Health who participated in this project. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2237 EP 2246 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.040 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 923UL UT WOS:000302645300021 PM 22365370 ER PT J AU Samhouri, JF Lester, SE Selig, ER Halpern, BS Fogarty, MJ Longo, C McLeod, KL AF Samhouri, Jameal F. Lester, Sarah E. Selig, Elizabeth R. Halpern, Benjamin S. Fogarty, Michael J. Longo, Catherine McLeod, Karen L. TI Sea sick? Setting targets to assess ocean health and ecosystem services SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management (EBM); ecosystem services; indicator; ocean health; Ocean Health Index; reference point; target ID WATER-QUALITY; INDICATORS; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; EUTROPHICATION; BIODIVERSITY; RECOVERY AB The benefits provided by a healthy ocean are receiving increasing attention in policy and management spheres. A fundamental challenge with assessing ocean health and ecosystem services is that we lack a scientific framework for expressing ecosystem conditions quantitatively in relation to management goals. Here we outline and operationalize a conceptual framework for identifying meaningful reference points and quantifying the current ecosystem state relative to them. The framework requires clear articulation of management goals and is built on a review of current scientific understanding and assessment of data availability. It develops a structured approach for choosing among three classes of reference points, including: (1) functional relationships that establish the ocean state that can be produced and sustained under different environmental conditions, (2) time series approaches that compare current to previous capacities to obtain a particular ocean state in a specific location, and (3) spatial reference points that compare current capacities to achieve a desired ocean state across regional (or, if necessary, global) scales. We illustrate this general framework through the lens of ocean health defined in terms of a coupled social-ecological system, with examples from fisheries, marine livelihoods, and water quality in the USA. Assessment of ocean health and ecosystem services can be significantly influenced by the choice of indicators used to track changes in a management goal, the type of reference point selected, and how one measures the distance of the current state from the reference point. This framework provides flexible, standardized methods for evaluating ocean health and ecosystem services that can advance important components of ecosystem-based management, including marine spatial planning, ecosystem service valuation, and integrated ecosystem assessments. C1 [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lester, Sarah E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lester, Sarah E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Selig, Elizabeth R.] Conservat Int, Sci Knowledge Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Longo, Catherine] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Marine Assessment & Planning, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst Assessment Program, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02453 USA. [McLeod, Karen L.] Oregon State Univ, COMPASS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Samhouri, JF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jameal.samhouri@noaa.gov FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation (DLPF); Waitt Foundation; Thomas W. Haas Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation; Oak Foundation; Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund for Ocean Exploration and Conservation; Darden Restaurants Inc. Foundation; Pacific Life Foundation; Conservation International; New England Aquarium; National Geographic FX We would like to thank Jason Cope, Tessa Sister Christian Francis, Allan Hicks, Phil Levin, Andy Rosenberg, Mary Ruckelshaus, Courtney Scarborough, and Steve Weisberg for helpful discussions during development of this paper. It is a product of the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, through Science of Ecosystem-Based Management funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (DLPF). KM thanks COMPASS, supported by DLPF, for direct support. SL thanks the Waitt Foundation for financial support. BH thanks Beau and Heather Wrigley for generously providing the founding grant for the Ocean Health Index project. Additional financial and in-kind support was provided by the Thomas W. Haas Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation, the Oak Foundation, Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund for Ocean Exploration and Conservation, Darden Restaurants Inc. Foundation, Pacific Life Foundation, Conservation International, New England Aquarium, and National Geographic. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 AR UNSP 41 DI 10.1890/ES11-00366.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256HY UT WOS:000327301600006 ER PT J AU Huang, M Carmichael, GR Kulkarni, S Streets, DG Lu, ZF Zhang, Q Pierce, RB Kondo, Y Jimenez, JL Cubison, MJ Anderson, B Wisthaler, A AF Huang, Min Carmichael, Gregory R. Kulkarni, Sarika Streets, David G. Lu, Zifeng Zhang, Qiang Pierce, R. Bradley Kondo, Yutaka Jimenez, Jose L. Cubison, Michael J. Anderson, Bruce Wisthaler, Armin TI Sectoral and geographical contributions to summertime continental United States (CONUS) black carbon spatial distributions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Black carbon; Sectoral and geographical contributions; Warming potential ID AIR-QUALITY; WESTERN US; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; PARTICLES; TRANSPORT; OZONE; MODEL; MASS AB The sectoral and regional contributions from northern hemisphere anthropogenic and biomass burning emission sectors to black carbon (BC) distributions over the continental United States (CONUS) in summer 2008 are studied using the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM). North American (NA) emissions heavily (>70% of total emissions) affect the BC levels from the surface to similar to 5 km, while non-NA plumes compose more than half of the BC above similar to 5 km. Among all sectors, NA and non-NA biomass burning, NA transportation and non-NA residential emissions are the major contributors. The sectoral contributions vary among ten regions defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): NA anthropogenic emissions enhance northeastern US BC levels; biomass burning strongly impacts northern California and southeastern US; and the influence of extra-regional plumes is largest in the northwestern US but extends to eastern US. The mean contribution from non-NA sources to US surface BC is similar to 0.05 mu g m(-3), with a maximum value of similar to 0.11 mu g m(-3) in the northwestern US. The non-NA contributions to column BC are higher than to surface BC, ranging from 30% to 80%, depending on region. EPA region 8 is most sensitive to extra-regional BC, partially explaining the observed increasing BC trend there during the past decades associated with the increasing Asian BC emissions. Measurements from the June 24 DC-8 flight during the ARCTAS-CARB field campaign show that BC/(organic matter + nitrate + sulfate) mass ratios fairly well represent BC's warming potential over southern California, which can be approximated by BC/(organic matter + sulfate) and BC/sulfate for plumes affected and unaffected by fires, respectively. The responses of BC/(organic matter + sulfate) and BC/sulfate to removing each emission sector are further discussed, indicating that mitigating NA transportation emissions has the highest potential for regional air quality and climate co-benefits. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Min; Carmichael, Gregory R.; Kulkarni, Sarika] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Streets, David G.; Lu, Zifeng] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Qiang] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Kondo, Yutaka] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Cubison, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Cubison, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Bruce] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Lu, Zifeng/F-3266-2012; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NASA [NNX08AH56G, NNX11AI52G, NNX08AD39G]; EPA [RD-83503701-0]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR); Tiroler Zukunftstiftung FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We thank the ARCTAS science team. We thank CGRER members A. D'Allura, B. Adhikary and C. Wei who contributed to building the STEM forecast modeling system for ARCTAS. The Iowa group was supported by NASA awards (NNX08AH56G and NNX11AI52G) and an EPA award (RD-83503701-0). M. J. Cubison and J. L. Jimenez were supported by a NASA award (NNX08AD39G). Acetonitrile measurements were supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung and were carried out with the help/support of T. Mikoviny, M. Graus, A. Hansel and T. D. Maerk. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 51 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.021 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921WK UT WOS:000302508600019 ER PT J AU Frost, GJ Falke, SR Granier, C Keating, T Lamarque, JF Melamed, ML Middleton, P Petron, G Smith, SJ AF Frost, Gregory J. Falke, Stefan R. Granier, Claire Keating, Terry Lamarque, Jean-Francois Melamed, Megan L. Middleton, Paulette Petron, Gabrielle Smith, Steven J. TI New Directions: Toward a community emissions approach SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Emissions; Science-policy; Air quality; Climate; Community approach ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ROAD C1 [Frost, Gregory J.; Granier, Claire; Petron, Gabrielle] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Frost, Gregory J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CU CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Falke, Stefan R.] Northrop Grumman, Arlington, VA USA. [Granier, Claire] Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Keating, Terry] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Melamed, Megan L.] Univ Washington, IGAC Int Project Off, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Middleton, Paulette] Panorama Pathways, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, Claire; Petron, Gabrielle] CU CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Smith, Steven J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Smith, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Frost, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gregory.j.frost@noaa.gov; stefan.falke@ngc.com; claire.granier@noaa.gov; keating.terry@epa.gov; lamar@ucar.edu; megan@igacproject.org; paulette@panoramapathways.net; gabrielle.petron@noaa.gov; ssmith@pnl.gov RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 51 BP 333 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.055 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 921WK UT WOS:000302508600037 ER PT J AU Keller, AA Molton, KJ Hicks, AC Haltuch, M Wetzel, C AF Keller, Aimee A. Molton, Kyle J. Hicks, Allan C. Haltuch, Melissa Wetzel, Chantell TI Variation in age and growth of greenstriped rockfish (Sebastes elongatus) along the U.S. west coast (Washington to California) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Greenstriped rockfish; Weight-length; Size-at-age; US west coast; Groundfish survey ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; POINT CONCEPTION; DIPLOPROA; SOUTHERN; OREGON; SHELF AB Greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus, are a common commercial and recreational species often taken as bycatch in commercial fisheries off the U.S. west coast. We evaluated weight-length relationships and size-at-age using von Bertalanffy growth models for greenstriped rockfish sampled along the U.S. west coast from 2003 to 2008. Based on regression analyses, populations were subdivided into two depth strata (55-122 m and 122-450 m) and four geographic regions (48 degrees 10'N-48 degrees 28'N, 40 degrees 26'N-48 degrees 10'N, 34 degrees 27'N-40 degrees 26'N, and 32 degrees 30'N-34 degrees 27'N) and differences in length, age, and growth examined by gender. Strong evidence of variation in weight-length relationships was found north and south of Cape Mendocino (40 degrees 26'N) but little variation was noted for depth or gender. In contrast, variations in von Bertalanffy growth models were highly dimorphic between sexes with consistent patterns across depth and geographic regions. Females grew more slowly and reached larger asymptotic sizes (L-infinity, cm) relative to males in all regions examined. Asymptotic size for both males and females tended to increase at higher latitude and increased depth. However, the smallest asymptotic sizes occurred in the region from Pt. Conception to Cape Mendocino, CA (34 degrees 27'N-40 degrees 26'N), rather than lower latitudes south of Pt. Conception (32 degrees 30'N-34 degrees 27'N). Greenstriped rockfish growth coefficients (k, yr(-1)) exhibited a more complex pattern. Higher growth coefficients were associated with regions within the northern California Current System characterized by high productivity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Keller, Aimee A.; Hicks, Allan C.; Haltuch, Melissa; Wetzel, Chantell] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Molton, Kyle J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Keller, AA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM aimee.keller@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 119 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.12.012 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 920WV UT WOS:000302440400007 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW AF Stoner, Allan W. TI Evaluating vitality and predicting mortality in spot prawn, Pandalus platyceros, using reflex behaviors SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Prawn; Mortality; Bycatch; Discard; Handling; Behavior ID COLLATERAL MORTALITY; METAPENAEUS-MACLEAYI; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; DISCARD MORTALITY; SCHOOL PRAWNS; AIR EXPOSURE; TANNER CRABS; LOBSTER; IMPAIRMENT AB Evaluating vitality and predicting mortality in commercially exploited crustaceans is increasingly important for reducing discard mortality and for improving handling and shipping for live markets. A suite of 10 reflex actions were identified in spot prawns (Pandalus platyceros) that vary in sensitivity to injury and type of stressor. After establishing a baseline for stereotypic reflexes, prawns were subjected to physiological stress (emersion up to 60 min) and physical trauma (dropping). The prawns were tolerant of air exposure up to 40 min, but susceptible to injuries from dropping and the results within treatments were variable. However, mortality of individuals over a 30-day recovery period was closely related to a simple reflex impairment score calculated as the sum of reflexes lost (range = 0-10) and the effects of different injuries were additive. Logistic regression indicated that reflex impairment was an excellent predictor of delayed mortality (87.5% correct predictions) across prawn size (35-48 mm carapace length) and treatment types. A sigmoid curve describing the relationship between impairment and mortality was termed a Reflex Action Mortality Predictor. This RAMP approach should be a valuable tool in practical experiments related to both discard mortality and handling live crustaceans without the need for tagging or long-term holding. Published by Elsevier B.v. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 119 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.12.014 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 920WV UT WOS:000302440400011 ER PT J AU Lomeli, MJM Wakefield, WW AF Lomeli, Mark J. M. Wakefield, W. Waldo TI Efforts to reduce Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rockfish (Sebastes spp.) bycatch in the U.S. west coast Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bycatch reduction devices; Escape windows; Chinook salmon; Pacific hake; Fish behavior ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SEAWATER TEMPERATURE; HERDING BEHAVIOR; LIGHT-INTENSITY; TRAWL FISHERY; FISHING GEARS; NET; MORTALITY; SELECTIVITY AB This study examined two versions of an open escape window bycatch reduction device (BRD) designed to reduce bycatch of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rockfish (Sebastes spp.) in the U.S. Pacific coast Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fishery. Tests were conducted off central Oregon during 2009 and 2010 aboard a midwater trawler. Data on fish behavior and gear performance were observed using autonomous high-resolution low-light color video cameras and artificial lights. During this study, one of the BRD versions reduced both Chinook salmon and widow rockfish (S. entomelas) bycatch. The use of artificial light was also noted to influence the behavior of Chinook salmon. The mean escape time of Chinook salmon differed significantly between the two versions examined. Escapement of Pacific hake, the target species, was rarely observed. Results of this study suggest that there is potential for reducing Chinook salmon and widow rockfish bycatch in the Pacific hake fishery using open escape window BRDs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lomeli, Mark J. M.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wakefield, W. Waldo] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lomeli, MJM (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mlomeli@psmfc.org FU NOAA FX We would like to thank the F/V Miss Sue for their assistance with this research. We would also like to thank Robert Hannah (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), Craig Rose (NOAA Fisheries Service-Alaska Fisheries Science Center), Kurt Cochran (F/V Marathon), and Foulweather Trawl, LLC as they had important roles in developing the two BRD designs examined. Funding for this study was provided by the NOAA Fisheries Service Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 119 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.003 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 920WV UT WOS:000302440400013 ER PT J AU Lee, HH Maunder, MN Piner, KR Methot, RD AF Lee, Hui-Hua Maunder, Mark N. Piner, Kevin R. Methot, Richard D. TI Reply to 'The reliability of estimates of natural mortality from stock assessment models' SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PACIFIC-OCEAN C1 [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Methot, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lee, HH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 119 BP 154 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.02.015 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 920WV UT WOS:000302440400017 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Allen, AJ Levine, LE Espinal, L Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D O'Donnell, JNR Ilavsky, J AF Zhang, Fan Allen, Andrew J. Levine, Lyle E. Espinal, Laura Antonucci, Joseph M. Skrtic, Drago O'Donnell, Justin N. R. Ilavsky, Jan TI Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy studies of incipient structural changes in amorphous calcium phosphate-based dental composites SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE amorphous calcium phosphate; polymeric dental composites; microstructure; ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering; X-ray photon-correlation spectroscopy ID BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL STRENGTH; RESIN COMPOSITES; PHOSPHATE/METHACRYLATE COMPOSITES; WATER SORPTION; ION RELEASE; HYDROXYAPATITE; TRANSFORMATION; CARBONATE; PHASE AB The local structural changes in amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-based dental composites were studied under isothermal conditions using both static, bulk measurement techniques and a recently developed methodology based on combined ultra-small angle X-ray scatteringX-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXSXPCS), which permits a dynamic approach. While results from conventional bulk measurements do not show clear signs of structural change, USAXSXPCS results reveal unambiguous evidence for local structural variations on a similar time scale to that of water loss in the ACP fillers. A thermal-expansion-based simulation indicates that thermal behavior alone does not account for the observed dynamics. Together, these results suggest that changes in the water content of ACP affect the composite morphology due to changes in ACP structure that occur without an amorphous-to-crystalline conversion. It is also noted that biomedical materials research could benefit greatly from USAXSXPCS, a dynamic approach. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Allen, Andrew J.; Levine, Lyle E.; Espinal, Laura; Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Fan] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Skrtic, Drago; O'Donnell, Justin N. R.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fan.zhang@nist.gov RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [DE 13169] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); contract grant number: DE 13169; The authors thank K. Peterson of Argonne's APS Engineering Support Division for help in optimizing the time resolution of the USAXS photodiode detector, K. Beyer and Troy Lutes of Argonne's X-ray Science Division instrument loan pool for lending us the Linkam thermal stage used to control the sample temperatures. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD MAY PY 2012 VL 100A IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1306 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.34018 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 915IN UT WOS:000302017800022 PM 22374649 ER PT J AU Bennett, DA Swetz, DS Horansky, RD Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN AF Bennett, D. A. Swetz, D. S. Horansky, R. D. Schmidt, D. R. Ullom, J. N. TI A Two-Fluid Model for the Transition Shape in Transition-Edge Sensors SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys DE Transition-edge sensors; Superconducting transition ID SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION; MICROCALORIMETERS AB Superconducting microcalorimeters based on transition-edge sensors (TESs) are being successfully used in applications ranging from optical photon counting to gamma-ray and alpha particle spectroscopy. Practical instruments often require a complex optimization among speed, linearity and energy resolution. However, a lack of understanding of the superconducting transition limits our ability to predict the behavior of a new TES design. Specifically, there is an unmet need for a model that predicts the current and temperature dependent resistance surface that describes the transition: R(I,T). This paper describes the predictions of a two-fluid model for the resistance of a TES based on a Ginzburg-Landau form of the critical current. We compare the predictions of the model for the logarithmic derivatives of resistance with temperature and current (alpha and beta) to measurements of TESs used in x-ray and gamma spectrometers. The model shows excellent qualitative agreement that provides useful insight into the dependence of alpha and beta on the current density and bias point of the TES. C1 [Bennett, D. A.; Swetz, D. S.; Horansky, R. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Bennett, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM douglas.bennett@nist.gov RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0431-4 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 916IA UT WOS:000302093500003 ER PT J AU Bintley, D MacIntosh, M Holland, W Dempsey, J Friberg, P Thomas, H Ade, P Sudiwala, R Irwin, K Hilton, G Niemack, M Amiri, M Chapin, E Halpern, M AF Bintley, D. MacIntosh, M. Holland, W. Dempsey, J. Friberg, P. Thomas, H. Ade, P. Sudiwala, R. Irwin, K. Hilton, G. Niemack, M. Amiri, M. Chapin, E. Halpern, M. TI Commissioning SCUBA-2 at JCMT and Optimising the Performance of the Superconducting TES Arrays SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys DE TES; Bolometer; Detector array; Submillimeter astronomy AB SCUBA-2 is a state of the art 10,000 pixel submillimeter camera providing wide-field simultaneous imaging at 450 and 850 microns. The instrument is in the final stages of commissioning at the JCMT and is the largest low temperature detector array in operation. Twin focal planes each consist of four 32 by 40 sub-arrays of superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers, with inline SQUID time-division multiplexed readout. In this paper we discuss the challenges and steps taken to optimise the performance of the SCUBA-2 arrays and maximise the mapping speed of the instrument. We present results of characterising the eight 1280 bolometer arrays and show the performance of the detectors and the instrument. C1 [Bintley, D.; Dempsey, J.; Friberg, P.; Thomas, H.] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [MacIntosh, M.; Holland, W.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ade, P.; Sudiwala, R.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Irwin, K.; Hilton, G.; Niemack, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Amiri, M.; Chapin, E.; Halpern, M.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Bintley, D (reprint author), Joint Astron Ctr, 665 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM d.bintley@jach.hawaii.edu; mike.macintosh@stfc.ac.uk NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0601-z PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 916IA UT WOS:000302093500011 ER PT J AU Bandler, SR Irwin, KD Kelly, D Nagler, PN Porst, JP Rotzinger, H Sadleir, JE Seidel, GM Smith, SJ Stevenson, TR AF Bandler, S. R. Irwin, K. D. Kelly, D. Nagler, P. N. Porst, J. -P. Rotzinger, H. Sadleir, J. E. Seidel, G. M. Smith, S. J. Stevenson, T. R. TI Magnetically Coupled Microcalorimeters SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys DE Microcalorimeters; Cryogenic; Detectors ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; CALORIMETERS; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS; ARRAYS AB Magnetic calorimeters have been under development for over 20 years targeting a wide variety of different applications that require very high resolution spectroscopy. They have a number of properties that distinguish them from other low temperature detectors. In this paper we review these properties and emphasize the types of application to which they are most suited. We will describe what has been learned about the best materials, geometries, and read-out amplifiers and our understanding of the measured performance and theoretical limits. While most magnetic calorimeter research has concentrated on the use of paramagnets to provide the temperature sensitivity, recently magnetically coupled microcalorimeters have been in development that utilize the diamagnetic response of superconductors. We will contrast some of the properties of the two different magnetic sensor types. C1 [Bandler, S. R.; Porst, J. -P.; Smith, S. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bandler, S. R.; Porst, J. -P.; Smith, S. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bandler, S. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kelly, D.; Nagler, P. N.; Sadleir, J. E.; Stevenson, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Porst, J. -P.; Seidel, G. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Rotzinger, H.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Bandler, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Simon.R.Bandler@nasa.gov RI Porst, Jan-Patrick/D-2191-2012; Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 254 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0544-4 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 916IA UT WOS:000302093500027 ER PT J AU Moore, DC Golwala, S Bumble, B Cornell, B Mazin, BA Gao, J Day, PK LeDuc, HG Zmuidzinas, J AF Moore, D. C. Golwala, S. Bumble, B. Cornell, B. Mazin, B. A. Gao, J. Day, P. K. LeDuc, H. G. Zmuidzinas, J. TI Phonon Mediated Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys DE LEKIDs; Athermal phonon-mediated particle detectors AB We are developing athermal-phonon mediated particle detectors using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) as the phonon sensing elements. Since MKIDs are easily multiplexed, hundreds of sensors patterned on a single dielectric substrate can be read out simultaneously, leading to a precise, time-resolved measurement of the phonon flux at each point on the detector surface. In addition to providing a high-resolution measurement of the location of the interaction, the energy deposited by the particle can be reconstructed with an expected baseline resolution of tens of eV. The complexity of the cryogenic readout electronics is significantly reduced relative to designs based on multiplexed transition edge sensors (TES). Initial proof-of-principle devices demonstrate energy resolutions as good as 0.7 keV at 30 keV, dominated by the position dependence of the phonon signal. New designs are aimed at improving this resolution by more than an order of magnitude. Such high-resolution phonon mediated detectors would have applications including direct detection of dark matter, hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray astrophysics, neutrinoless double beta decay, and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. C1 [Moore, D. C.; Golwala, S.; Cornell, B.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bumble, B.; Day, P. K.; LeDuc, H. G.; Zmuidzinas, J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Mazin, B. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gao, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Moore, DC (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM davidm@caltech.edu RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0434-1 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 916IA UT WOS:000302093500035 ER PT J AU Lowell, PJ O'Neil, GC Underwood, JM Ullom, JN AF Lowell, Peter J. O'Neil, Galen C. Underwood, Jason M. Ullom, Joel N. TI Andreev Reflections in Micrometer-Scale Normal Metal-Insulator-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys DE Andreev reflection; Microrefrigerators; Subgap conductance; Superconducting tunnel junctions ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Understanding the subgap behavior of Normal metal-Insulator-Superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions is important in order to be able to accurately model the thermal properties of the junctions. Hekking and Nazarov (Phys. Rev. B 49:6847, 1994) developed a theory in which NIS subgap current in thin-film structures can be modeled by multiple Andreev reflections. In their theory, the current due to Andreev reflections depends on the junction area and the junction resistance area product. We have measured the current due to Andreev reflections in NIS tunnel junctions for various junction sizes and junction resistance area products and found that the multiple reflection theory is in agreement with our data. C1 [Lowell, Peter J.; O'Neil, Galen C.; Underwood, Jason M.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lowell, PJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM peter.lowell@nist.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 392 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0425-2 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 916IA UT WOS:000302093500045 ER PT J AU Nibarger, JP Beall, JA Becker, D Britton, J Cho, HM Fox, A Hilton, GC Hubmayr, J Li, D McMahon, J Niemack, MD Irwin, KD Van Lanen, J Yoon, KW AF Nibarger, John P. Beall, James A. Becker, Dan Britton, Joe Cho, Hsiao-Mei Fox, Anna Hilton, Gene C. Hubmayr, Johannes Li, Dale McMahon, Jeff Niemack, Michael D. Irwin, Kent D. Van Lanen, Jeff Yoon, Ki Won TI An 84 Pixel All-Silicon Corrugated Feedhorn for CMB Measurements SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys DE Observational cosmology; Millimeter wavelength optics; MEMs; Microwave feedhorns AB Silicon platelet corrugated feedhorn arrays for cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements at millimeter wavelengths (130 GHz to 170 GHz) have been developed for deployment for the polarization-sensitive upgrade to both the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACTpol) and the South Pole Telescope (SPTpol). We present fabrication developments and the first results of a prototype monolithic feedhorn array consisting of 84 horns. Measurements at room temperature show good beam quality across the needed bandwidth, return loss of <-20 dB, an insertion loss of <-0.4 dB, and cross polarization of <-23 dB. The 32 platelets were aligned to a 1 sigma variation of 8 mu m. C1 [Nibarger, John P.; Beall, James A.; Becker, Dan; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Fox, Anna; Hilton, Gene C.; Hubmayr, Johannes; Li, Dale; Niemack, Michael D.; Irwin, Kent D.; Van Lanen, Jeff] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. [Britton, Joe] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. [McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yoon, Ki Won] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Nibarger, JP (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. EM john.nibarger@nist.gov OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 522 EP 527 DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0428-z PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 916IA UT WOS:000302093500065 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Allen, AJ Levine, LE Ilavsky, J Long, GG AF Zhang, F. Allen, A. J. Levine, L. E. Ilavsky, J. Long, G. G. TI Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering-X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy: A New Measurement Technique for In-Situ Studies of Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Dynamics SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSTYRENE LATEX SPHERES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; COMPOSITES; MIXTURES; GLYCEROL; BEAM AB Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXS-XPCS) is a new measurement technique for the study of equilibrium and slow nonequilibrium dynamics in disordered materials. This technique fills a gap between the accessible scattering vector ranges of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and XPCS. It also overcomes the limits of visible light scattering techniques imposed by multiple scattering and is suitable for the study of optically opaque materials containing near-micrometer-sized structures. In this article, we present an overview of the important technical aspects of USAXS-XPCS and offer a few examples as well as future outlooks to illustrate the capability of USAXS-XPCS for monitoring equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics. C1 [Ilavsky, J.; Long, G. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Allen, A. J.; Levine, L. E.; Long, G. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, F.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Ilavsky, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ilavsky@aps.anl.gov RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank J.M. Antonucci, D. Skrtic, and J.N.R. O'Donnell, NIST's Polymers Division, for preparing the dental composite samples. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under Grant No. NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 43A IS 5 BP 1445 EP 1453 DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0790-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 916JG UT WOS:000302097400009 ER PT J AU Johansson, M Duda, E Sremba, A Banks, M Peterson, W AF Johansson, Mattias Duda, Elizabeth Sremba, Angela Banks, Michael Peterson, William TI Assessing population-level variation in the mitochondrial genome of Euphausia superba using 454 next-generation sequencing SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Euphausia superba; mtDNA; Mitogenome; Variability; Control region ID ANTARCTIC KRILL; CONTROL REGION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SEA-ICE; DNA; PCR; EVOLUTION; ATLANTIC AB The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana 1852) is widely distributed throughout the Southern Ocean, where it provides a key link between primary producers and upper trophic levels and supports a major commercial fishery. Despite its ecological and commercial importance, genetic population structure of the Antarctic krill remains poorly described. In an attempt to illuminate genetic markers for future population and phylogenetic analysis, five E. superba mitogenomes, from samples collected west of the Antarctic Peninsula, were sequenced using new 454 next-generation sequencing techniques. The sequences, of lengths between 13,310 and 13,326 base pairs, were then analyzed in the context of two previously-published near-complete sequences. Sequences revealed relatively well-conserved partial mitochondrial genomes which included complete sequences for 11 of 13 protein-coding genes, 16 of 23 tRNAs, and the large ribosomal subunit. Partial sequences were also recovered for cox1 and the small ribosomal subunit. Sequence analysis suggested that the cox2, nad5, and nad6 genes would be the best candidates for future population genetics analyses, due to their high number of variable sites. Future work to reveal the noncoding control region remains. C1 [Johansson, Mattias; Duda, Elizabeth; Sremba, Angela; Banks, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Duda, Elizabeth] Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Peterson, William] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Johansson, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mattias.johansson@oregonstate.edu RI Johansson, Mattias/F-1049-2011 OI Johansson, Mattias/0000-0003-3042-750X FU ASSURE of the Department of Defense; National Science Foundation REU [NSF OCE-1004947] FX The authors would like to thank D. Jacobson, E. Slikas, D. Steel, and A. Alexander for their support with the 454 sequencing and analysis, C. Shaw for the samples used in this study, and M. O'Connor for assistance in constructing our sampling map. This research was co-funded by the ASSURE program of the Department of Defense in partnership with the National Science Foundation REU Site program under Grant No. NSF OCE-1004947. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 39 IS 5 BP 5755 EP 5760 DI 10.1007/s11033-011-1385-y PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 917BU UT WOS:000302147800082 PM 22219085 ER EF