FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McCarthy, G Frajka-Williams, E Johns, WE Baringer, MO Meinen, CS Bryden, HL Rayner, D Duchez, A Roberts, C Cunningham, SA AF McCarthy, G. Frajka-Williams, E. Johns, W. E. Baringer, M. O. Meinen, C. S. Bryden, H. L. Rayner, D. Duchez, A. Roberts, C. Cunningham, S. A. TI Observed interannual variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5 degrees N SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOC AB The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) plays a critical role in the climate system and is responsible for much of the heat transported by the ocean. A mooring array, nominally at 26 degrees N between the Bahamas and the Canary Islands, deployed in Apr 2004 provides continuous measurements of the strength and variability of this circulation. With seven full years of measurements, we now examine the interannual variability of the MOC. While earlier results highlighted substantial seasonal and shorter timescale variability, there had not been significant interannual variability. The mean MOC from 1 Apr 2004 to the 31 March 2009 was 18.5 Sv with the annual means having a standard deviation of only 1.0 Sv. From 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2010, the annually averaged MOC strength was just 12.8 Sv, representing a 30% decline. This downturn persisted from early 2009 to mid-2010. We show that the cause of the decline was not only an anomalous wind-driven event from Dec 2009-Mar 2010 but also a strengthening of the geostrophic flow. In particular, the southward flow in the top 1100 m intensified, while the deep southward return transport-particularly in the deepest layer from 3000-5000 m-weakened. This rebalancing of the transport from the deep overturning to the upper gyre has implications for the heat transported by the Atlantic. Citation: McCarthy, G., E. Frajka-Williams, W. E. Johns, M. O. Baringer, C. S. Meinen, H. L. Bryden, D. Rayner, A. Duchez, C. Roberts, and S. A. Cunningham (2012), Observed interannual variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5 degrees N, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19609, doi:10.1029/2012GL052933. C1 [McCarthy, G.; Frajka-Williams, E.; Bryden, H. L.; Rayner, D.; Duchez, A.; Cunningham, S. A.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Johns, W. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Baringer, M. O.; Meinen, C. S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Roberts, C.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP McCarthy, G (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM gerard.mccarthy@noc.ac.uk RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Roberts, Christopher/F-6197-2011; McCarthy, Gerard/L-1954-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/H-2415-2011 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/0000-0001-8773-7838 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); European Community's 7th framework programme (FP7) [GA212643] FX Data from the RAPID-WATCH/MOCHA project are funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and National Science Foundation (NSF) and are freely available from www.noc.soton.ac.uk/rapidmoc. Florida Current transports estimates are funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and are available from http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent. Special thanks to the captain, crew, technical and science parties involved in the hydrographic data collection and mooring deployments and recovery. Cross-Calibrated Multi Platform wind data were downloaded from the JPL PO.DAAC site at http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CCMP_MEASURES_ATLAS_L4_OW_L3_0_WIND_V ECTORS_FLK. GM has been supported by funding from the European Community's 7th framework programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. GA212643 (THOR: "Thermohaline Overturning - at Risk", 2008-2012). NR 14 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L19609 DI 10.1029/2012GL052933 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 020TL UT WOS:000309837400001 ER PT J AU Lin, MY Fiore, AM Cooper, OR Horowitz, LW Langford, AO Levy, H Johnson, BJ Naik, V Oltmans, SJ Senff, CJ AF Lin, Meiyun Fiore, Arlene M. Cooper, Owen R. Horowitz, Larry W. Langford, Andrew O. Levy, Hiram, II Johnson, Bryan J. Naik, Vaishali Oltmans, Samuel J. Senff, Christoph J. TI Springtime high surface ozone events over the western United States: Quantifying the role of stratospheric intrusions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RELEVANT BACKGROUND OZONE; UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; TROPOPAUSE FOLDS; SEASONAL CYCLE; EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT; MODELS AB The published literature debates the extent to which naturally occurring stratospheric ozone intrusions reach the surface and contribute to exceedances of the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone (75 ppbv implemented in 2008). Analysis of ozonesondes, lidar, and surface measurements over the western U.S. from April to June 2010 show that a global high-resolution (similar to 50 x 50 km(2)) chemistry-climate model (GFDL AM3) captures the observed layered features and sharp ozone gradients of deep stratospheric intrusions, representing a major improvement over previous chemical transport models. Thirteen intrusions enhanced total daily maximum 8-h average (MDA8) ozone to similar to 70-86 ppbv at surface sites. With a stratospheric ozone tracer defined relative to a dynamically varying tropopause, we find that stratospheric intrusions can episodically increase surface MDA8 ozone by 20-40 ppbv (all model estimates are bias corrected), including on days when observed ozone exceeds the NAAQS threshold. These stratospheric intrusions elevated background ozone concentrations (estimated by turning off North American anthropogenic emissions in the model) to MDA8 values of 60-75 ppbv. At high-elevation western U.S. sites, the 25th-75th percentile of the stratospheric contribution is 15-25 ppbv when observed MDA8 ozone is 60-70 ppbv, and increases to similar to 17-40 ppbv for the 70-85 ppbv range. These estimates, up to 2-3 times greater than previously reported, indicate a major role for stratospheric intrusions in contributing to springtime high-O-3 events over the high-altitude western U.S., posing a challenge for staying below the ozone NAAQS threshold, particularly if a value in the 60-70 ppbv range were to be adopted. C1 [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lin, Meiyun; Horowitz, Larry W.; Levy, Hiram, II; Naik, Vaishali] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Oltmans, Samuel J.; Senff, Christoph J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Langford, Andrew O.; Johnson, Bryan J.; Senff, Christoph J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Naik, Vaishali] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lin, MY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM meiyunl@princeton.edu RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS); NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) [NNX12AF15G]; NOAA ESRL Health of the Atmosphere Program; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; U.S. Navy; Environment Canada; NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability FX This work is supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS)-a collaboration between Princeton University and NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and by the NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) (NNX12AF15G). Funding for the IONS-2010 field campaign was provided by NOAA ESRL Health of the Atmosphere Program, NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program, U.S. Navy, Environment Canada and NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability. Operations were facilitated by personnel from Joshua Tree National Park, Point Reyes National Seashore, Shasta State Historic Park, Point Sur State Historic Park, and the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Monterey. We are grateful to Zhiguo Zhang for help processing AQS data and to Paul Ginoux, Allen Lefohn, Bud Moxim, and Joe Pinto for discussions and comments on the manuscript. We thank three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments which we believe have helped to strengthen this paper. NR 91 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 7 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V22 DI 10.1029/2012JD018151 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 020RH UT WOS:000309830700002 ER PT J AU Gannon, JL Elkington, SR Onsager, TG AF Gannon, J. L. Elkington, S. R. Onsager, T. G. TI Uncovering the nonadiabatic response of geosynchronous electrons to geomagnetic disturbance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RADIATION BELT; ACCELERATION AB We describe an energy spectrum method for scaling electron integral flux, which is measured at a constant energy, to phase space density at a constant value of the first adiabatic invariant which removes much of the variation due to reversible adiabatic effects. Applying this method to nearly a solar cycle (1995-2006) of geosynchronous electron integral flux (E > 2.0 MeV) from the GOES satellites, we see that much of the diurnal variation in electron phase space density at constant energy can be removed by the transformation to phase space density at constant mu (4000 MeV/G). This allows us a clearer picture of underlying nonadiabatic electron population changes due to geomagnetic activity. Using scaled phase space density, we calculate the percentage of geomagnetic storms resulting in an increase, decrease, or no change in geosynchronous electrons as 38%, 7%, and 55%, respectively. We also show examples of changes in the electron population that may be different from the unscaled fluxes alone suggest. These examples include sudden electron enhancements during storms which appear during the peak of negative Dst for mu-scaled phase space density, contrary to the slow increase seen during the recovery phase for unscaled phase space density for the same event. C1 [Gannon, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80302 USA. [Elkington, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Onsager, T. G.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gannon, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80302 USA. EM jgannon@usgs.gov FU [NSF-0819963] FX The authors wish to thank C. A. Finn, J. J. Love and J. V. Rodriguez for reading a draft manuscript. This work was supported by grant NSF-0819963. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A10215 DI 10.1029/2012JA017543 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 020QU UT WOS:000309829300001 ER PT J AU Georgescu, I Phillips, W AF Georgescu, Iulia Phillips, William TI In search of ignorance SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Phillips, William] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 11 PY 2012 VL 490 IS 7419 BP S11 EP S12 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 019IY UT WOS:000309733300006 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Wang, CZ AF Zhang, Liping Wang, Chunzai TI Remote influences on freshwater flux variability in the Atlantic warm pool region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARIBBEAN RAINFALL; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SUMMER RAINFALL; PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; PROJECT; OCEANS AB The understanding of freshwater flux variability is both scientifically and socially important. Local freshwater flux response to a large Atlantic warm pool (AWP) is excessive freshwater or negative Evaporation minus Precipitation (EmP) anomalies, whereas the response is deficient to a small AWP. However, the EmP anomalies in the AWP region are also influenced by the SST anomalies in the tropical eastern Pacific and in the tropical South Atlantic. These remote influences operate through the inter-basin mode represented by the SST gradient between the tropical North Atlantic and eastern Pacific and the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM) defined as the SST gradient between the tropical North and South Atlantic. When either of these two modes is in the negative phase, the EmP and sea surface salinity anomalies in the AWP region can be positive although the AWP is large. This indicates that the remote influences of the inter-basin mode and/or the AMM can overwhelm the local effect and induce an opposite freshwater response. Additionally, although ENSO and the AMM sometimes coincide with AWP variability, an El Nino in the preceding winter or a positive AMM in the spring does not necessarily follow a large AWP in the summer. Citation: Zhang, L., and C. Wang (2012), Remote influences on freshwater flux variability in the Atlantic warm pool region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19714, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053530. C1 [Zhang, Liping; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Liping] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Liping] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA AOML FX We thank Dave Enfield and Marlos Goes for serving as AOML's internal reviewers. This work was supported by grants from NOAA Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA AOML. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L19714 DI 10.1029/2012GL053530 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 020TK UT WOS:000309837300006 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing TI Shock Tube Study on the Thermal Decomposition of n-Butanol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ALKYL HALIDES; PHASE; PATHWAYS; ALCOHOLS; KINETICS AB Dilute concentrations of normal-butanol has been decomposed in single pulse shock tube studies in the presence of large quantities of a chemical inhibitor that suppresses contributions from chain decomposition. Reaction temperatures and pressures are in the range of [1126-1231] K and [1.3-6.5] bar. Ethylene and 1-butene are the only products. The mechanism of the initial decomposition steps involves direct elimination of water and C-C bond cleavage. The fundamental high pressure unimolecular decomposition rate expressions are k(C4H9OH -> CH3 + CH2CH2CH2OH) = 10(16.4 +/- 0.4) exp(42410 +/- 800 [K]/T) s(-1); k(C4H9OH -> CH3CH2 + CH2CH2OH) = 10(16.4 +/- 0.4) exp(-41150 +/- 800 [K]/T) s(-1); k(C4H9OH -> CH3CH2CH2 + CH2OH) = 10(16.4 +/- 0.4) exp(-41150 +/- 800 [K]/T) s(-1); and k(C4H9OH -> CH3CH2CH=CH2 + H2O) = 10(14.0 +/- 0.4) exp (-35089 +/- 800 [K]/T) s(-1), where the rate expressions for C-C bond cleavage are based on assumptions regarding the relative rates of the three processes derived from earlier studies on the effect of an OH group on rate expressions. All reactions are in the high pressure limit and suggest that the step size down in the presence of argon is at least 1300 cm(-1). These rate expressions are consistent with the following H-C bond dissociation energies: BDE(H-CH2CH2CH2OH) = 417.2 +/- 7 kJ/mol, BDE(H-CH2CH2OH) = 419.2 +/- 7 kJ/mol, and BDE(H-CH2OH) = 401.7 +/- 9 kJ/mol, with an estimated uncertainty of 6 kJ/mol. The kinetics and thermodynamic results are compared with estimates used in the building of combustion kinetics databases. C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosado-Reyes, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 11 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 40 BP 9825 EP 9831 DI 10.1021/jp305120h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 018GS UT WOS:000309648800005 PM 22934735 ER PT J AU Goldberg, IG Vila, FD Jach, T AF Goldberg, Ilana G. Vila, Fernando D. Jach, Terrence TI Surface Effects on the Crystallization of Cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) and the Consequences for its N K X-ray Emission Spectrum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; BETA-RDX; PRESSURE; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-S-TRIAZINE; POLYMORPH; FORM AB Recent studies of the crystallization of cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX) have shown that the presence of the alpha- and beta-phases of the compound is sensitive to the substrate when using drop cast crystallization methods. The specific phase has potential consequences for measurements of the nitrogen K X-ray emission spectrum (XES) that were recently reported for this compound using samples crystallized on In metal substrates. We have determined that the crystallization of RDX on a clean In metal substrate starts out completely as the beta-phase but progressively incorporates the alpha-phase as the film thickens. In addition, we have carried out additional molecular orbital calculations of the N Is X-ray fluorescence from the valence band, comparing the results expected from the alpha-and beta- phases. The differences due to the presence of the beta-phase instead of, or in addition to, the alpha-phase appear to be minimal. C1 [Jach, Terrence] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldberg, Ilana G.] Transportat Secur Lab, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. [Vila, Fernando D.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Jach, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM terrence.jach@nist.gov FU NSF [PHY-0835543]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-06-X-00329] FX F.D.V. acknowledges support of NSF grant PHY-0835543. I.G.G. is in the Visiting Scientist Program of the Transportation Security Laboratory managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract number DE-AC05-06OR23100 and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under contract number HSHQDC-06-X-00329. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 11 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 40 BP 9897 EP 9899 DI 10.1021/jp306978x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 018GS UT WOS:000309648800013 PM 22974270 ER PT J AU Zheng, SY Wang, K Oleshko, VP Bendersky, LA AF Zheng, Shiyou Wang, Ke Oleshko, Vladimir P. Bendersky, Leonid A. TI Mg-Fe Thin Films: A Phase-Separated Structure with Fast Kinetics of Hydrogenation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; SORPTION KINETICS; H SYSTEM; MAGNESIUM; HYDRIDE; STORAGE; ALLOYS; IRON; TI; NANOCRYSTALLINE AB In this paper we suggest a new approach to improve the kinetics of hydrogenation based on a material with a high density of interfaces between hydride-forming solid (HFS) and hydrogen-diffusing solid media (HDM). Such materials can be realized for phase-separated systems when synthesized in the conditions limiting kinetics of phase separation, e.g., in thin film deposition. Mg-Fe was selected as a model system: (1) It has phase separation; (2) MgH2 is a high-capacity hydride; (3) Fe has high diffusivity of hydrogen. Mg1-xFex thin films (x = 0-0.30) capped with Pd were prepared by electron beam codeposition and their hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics and cycling properties were studied at 413 K. The structures of the thin films before and after hydrogenation during different cycles were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that there is a substantial improvement in hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics for the Mg1-xFex films in comparison to pure Mg film. The improvement is attributed to the presence of Fe layers percolating throughout the Mg matrix. For the Mg1-xFex films with x = 0.05-0.15 more than 3.5% mass fraction hydrogen can be absorbed under hydrogen pressures of 0.1 MPa in less than 2 min, and above 3.0% mass fraction hydrogen can be desorbed in IS min. For x > 0.15 films, the reversible hydrogen storage properties degrade significantly; structural study of the higher concentration films shows the presence of a stable ternary hydride Mg2FeH6, formation of which is responsible for interruption of fast hydrogen delivery. C1 [Zheng, Shiyou; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Ke] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Struct, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leoben@nist.gov RI Zheng, Shiyou/D-3645-2012; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 11 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 40 BP 21277 EP 21284 DI 10.1021/jp307982p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 018GU UT WOS:000309649000017 ER PT J AU Barrett, PM Resing, JA Buck, NJ Buck, CS Landing, WM Measures, CI AF Barrett, Pamela M. Resing, Joseph A. Buck, Nathaniel J. Buck, Clifton S. Landing, William M. Measures, Christopher I. TI The trace element composition of suspended particulate matter in the upper 1000 m of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean: A16N SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic Ocean; Trace elements; Iron; Aluminum; Suspended particulate matter; Aerosols; Pollution effects ID DISSOLVED IRON CONCENTRATIONS; NEAR-SURFACE WATERS; DUST DEPOSITION; HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES; PACIFIC RISE; SPRING BLOOM; WORLD OCEAN; ALUMINUM; MODEL; SEA AB Samples of total suspended matter were collected from the upper 1000 m of the eastern North Atlantic between 62 degrees N and 5 degrees S during the CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography section Al6N from June to August 2003. Particulate matter samples were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence for Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, V. Cr. Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Intense seasonal deposition of Saharan dust produces maxima in particulate Fe (> 3.3 nM) and Al (> 10 nM) in surface waters between 10 and 20 degrees N. A broad mid-depth enrichment of particulate Fe (> 5.4 nM) and Al (> 19 nM) between the equator and 20 degrees N is sustained by vertical transport of lithogenic particles and scavenging of dissolved Fe released by remineralization. Surface distributions of particulate Fe and Al show maxima over a narrower, northerly shifted latitude range and are consistent with the seasonal location of atmospheric deposition associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone, while the location of the mid-depth maximum reflects the full annual latitude range of surface inputs and suggests similar winter and summer atmospheric fluxes. Spatial offsets between surface maxima in particulate and dissolved Al distributions indicate relatively short residence times (8 days and < 1 year, respectively) for both phases of Al in the equatorial Atlantic, and suggest that temporal sampling biases could have significant effects in models of dust deposition and surface-ocean chemistry. Efficient scavenging of dissolved Al by biogenic particles following the spring bloom in subpolar latitudes results in elevated mixed-layer particulate Al concentrations despite low aeolian inputs. A subsurface minimum in particulate Fe and Al concentrations at 50-200 m throughout the transect likely results from efficient transport of lithogenic particles out of the surface layer by aggregation into large organic aggregates. Relative depletion of Fe in suspended particulate matter is observed in vertical profiles coincident with maxima in fluorescence and biogenic particle concentrations. At these depths, dissolved Fe increases from similar to 10-30% to 50-70% of the total Fe pool, suggesting a biological influence on the partitioning of Fe between particulate and dissolved forms. Metal-to-Al ratios indicate major anthropogenic sources for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb inputs to the surface ocean at latitudes outside of the low-latitude Saharan dust plume. Increased aerosol-Fe solubility in these regions likely contributes to relatively depleted Fe:Al ratios in surface-ocean particulates. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barrett, Pamela M.; Resing, Joseph A.; Buck, Nathaniel J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, PMEL, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barrett, Pamela M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buck, Clifton S.; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Measures, Christopher I.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Barrett, PM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, PMEL, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM barrettp@uw.edu; joseph.resing@noaa.gov; nathan.buck@noaa.gov; cbuck@ocean.fsu.edu; wlanding@fsu.edu; measures@hawaii.edu RI Buck, Clifton/F-5820-2010 OI Buck, Clifton/0000-0002-5691-9636 FU NSF grant [OCE-0649505, OCE-0223378, OCE 0223397]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) FX Analyses and visualizations used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. Contour plots presented were created using Ocean Data View (http://odv.awi-bremerhaven.de). We also acknowledge the MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort and thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-0649505 (JAR), OCE-0223378 (WML), and OCE 0223397 (CIM). This work was also partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). This is JISAO publication number 1893 and PMEL publication number 3787. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 142 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2012.07.006 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 035KP UT WOS:000310945800005 ER PT J AU Giacomazzo, B Perna, R AF Giacomazzo, Bruno Perna, Rosalba TI GENERAL RELATIVISTIC SIMULATIONS OF ACCRETION INDUCED COLLAPSE OF NEUTRON STARS TO BLACK HOLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; gamma-ray burst: general; gravitational waves; methods: numerical; stars: neutron ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; INSTABILITY; EMISSION; OUTFLOWS; FLARES; DISKS; LONG AB Neutron stars (NSs) in the astrophysical universe are often surrounded by accretion disks. Accretion of matter onto an NS may increase its mass above the maximum value allowed by its equation of state, inducing its collapse to a black hole (BH). Here we study this process for the first time, in three-dimensions, and in full general relativity. By considering three initial NS configurations, each with and without a surrounding disk (of mass similar to 7% MNS), we investigate the effect of the accretion disk on the dynamics of the collapse and its imprint on both the gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) signals that can be emitted by these sources. We show in particular that, even if the GW signal is similar for the accretion induced collapse (AIC) and the collapse of an NS in vacuum (and detectable only for Galactic sources), the EM counterpart could allow us to discriminate between these two types of events. In fact, our simulations show that, while the collapse of an NS in vacuum leaves no appreciable baryonic matter outside the event horizon, an AIC is followed by a phase of rapid accretion of the surviving disk onto the newly formed BH. The post-collapse accretion rates, on the order of similar to 10(-2) M-circle dot s(-1), make these events tantalizing candidates as engines of short gamma- ray bursts. C1 [Giacomazzo, Bruno; Perna, Rosalba] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Giacomazzo, Bruno] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perna, Rosalba] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Giacomazzo, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Giacomazzo, Bruno/I-8088-2012 OI Giacomazzo, Bruno/0000-0002-6947-4023 FU RANGER at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin through XSEDE grant [TG-PHY110027]; NSF grant [AST 1009396] FX We thank Giovanni Corvino for providing us with the code TORERO and Roland Haas for assistance in computing the accretion rates. We also thank Eleonora Troja, Cole Miller, and the anonymous referee for carefully reading the manuscript and for their useful comments. Numerical simulations were performed on the cluster RANGER at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin through XSEDE grant No. TG-PHY110027. B.G. and R.P. acknowledge support from NSF grant No. AST 1009396. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 1 AR L8 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/758/1/L8 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 016TK UT WOS:000309542200008 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Francis, JA Hanna, E Wang, MY AF Overland, James E. Francis, Jennifer A. Hanna, Edward Wang, Muyin TI The recent shift in early summer Arctic atmospheric circulation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; EXTREMES AB The last six years (2007-2012) show a persistent change in early summer Arctic wind patterns relative to previous decades. The persistent pattern, which has been previously recognized as the Arctic Dipole (AD), is characterized by relatively low sea-level pressure over the Siberian Arctic with high pressure over the Beaufort Sea, extending across northern North America and over Greenland. Pressure differences peak in June. In a search for a proximate cause for the newly persistent AD pattern, we note that the composite 700 hPa geopotential height field during June 2007-2012 exhibits a positive anomaly only on the North American side of the Arctic, thus creating the enhanced mean meridional flow across the Arctic. Coupled impacts of the new persistent pattern are increased sea ice loss in summer, long-lived positive temperature anomalies and ice sheet loss in west Greenland, and a possible increase in Arctic-subarctic weather linkages through higher-amplitude upper-level flow. The North American location of increased 700 hPa positive anomalies suggests that a regional atmospheric blocking mechanism is responsible for the presence of the AD pattern, consistent with observations of unprecedented high pressure anomalies over Greenland since 2007. Citation: Overland, J. E., J. A. Francis, E. Hanna, and M. Wang (2012), The recent shift in early summer Arctic atmospheric circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19804, doi:10.1029/2012GL053268. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Francis, Jennifer A.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Hanna, Edward] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014; Hanna, Edward/H-2219-2016 OI Hanna, Edward/0000-0002-8683-182X FU NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office; Office of Naval Research Ocean, Atmosphere, and Space Research Division; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX The work is supported by NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office and the Office of Naval Research Ocean, Atmosphere, and Space Research Division. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 2064. PMEL contribution 3890. NR 36 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 71 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L19804 DI 10.1029/2012GL053268 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 020TH UT WOS:000309837000001 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Safronova, UI Clark, CW AF Safronova, M. S. Safronova, U. I. Clark, Charles W. TI Magic wavelengths for optical cooling and trapping of lithium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB Using first-principles calculations, we identify magic wavelengths lambda(magic) for the 2s-2p and 2s-3p transitions in lithium. The ns and np atomic levels have the same ac Stark shifts at the corresponding magic wavelength, which facilitates state-insensitive optical cooling and trapping. Tune-out wavelengths for which the ground-state frequency-dependent polarizability vanishes are also calculated. Differences of these wavelengths between Li-6 and Li-7 are reported. Our approach uses high-precision, relativistic all-order methods in which all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Recommended values are provided for a large number of Li electric-dipolematrix elements. Static polarizabilities for the 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, and 3d levels are compared with other theory and experiment where available. Uncertainties of all recommended values are estimated. The magic wavelengths for the uv 2s-3p transition are of particular interest for the production of a quantum gas of lithium [Duarte et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 061406(R) (2011)]. C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Sharp Lab 217, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Sharp Lab 217, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671] FX We thank R. Hulet and J. Mitroy for helpful discussions. This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant PHY-0822671. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 AR 042505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.042505 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 018HL UT WOS:000309650800008 ER PT J AU Chantler, CT Kinnane, MN Gillaspy, JD Hudson, LT Payne, AT Smale, LF Henins, A Pomeroy, JM Tan, JN Kimpton, JA Takacs, E Makonyi, K AF Chantler, C. T. Kinnane, M. N. Gillaspy, J. D. Hudson, L. T. Payne, A. T. Smale, L. F. Henins, A. Pomeroy, J. M. Tan, J. N. Kimpton, J. A. Takacs, E. Makonyi, K. TI Testing Three-Body Quantum Electrodynamics with Trapped Ti20+ Ions: Evidence for a Z-dependent Divergence Between Experiment and Calculation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE KRYPTON; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; TRANSITION ENERGIES; BRAGG GEOMETRY; BENT CRYSTALS; HYDROGENLIKE; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report a new test of quantum electrodynamics (QED) for the w (1s2p(1)P(1) -> 1s(21)S(0)) x-ray resonance line transition energy in heliumlike titanium. This measurement is one of few sensitive to two-electron QED contributions. Systematic errors such as Doppler shifts are minimized in our experiment by trapping and stripping Ti atoms in an electron beam ion trap and by applying absolute wavelength standards to calibrate the dispersion function of a curved-crystal spectrometer. We also report a more general systematic discrepancy between QED theory and experiment for the w transition energy in heliumlike ions for Z > 20. When all of the data available in the literature for Z = 16-92 are taken into account, the divergence is seen to grow as approximately Z(3) with a statistical significance on the coefficient that rises to the level of 5 standard deviations. Our result for titanium alone, 4749.85(7) eV for the w line, deviates from the most recent ab initio prediction by 3 times our experimental uncertainty and by more than 10 times the currently estimated uncertainty in the theoretical prediction. C1 [Chantler, C. T.; Kinnane, M. N.; Payne, A. T.; Smale, L. F.; Kimpton, J. A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Kinnane, M. N.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Tan, J. N.; Makonyi, K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kimpton, J. A.] Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Takacs, E.] Univ Debrecen, Expt Phys Dept, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Chantler, CT (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM chantler@unimelb.edu.au RI Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013 OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048 FU Australian Research Council FX We thank Jonathan Sapirstein, Anton Artemyev, Vladimir Shabaev, Peter Mohr, and Gordon Drake for helpful discussions and Yuri Ralchenko for collisional-radiative modeling. We also acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 15 AR 153001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.153001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 018KF UT WOS:000309658300007 PM 23102303 ER PT J AU Mostl, C Farrugia, CJ Kilpua, EKJ Jian, LK Liu, Y Eastwood, JP Harrison, RA Webb, DF Temmer, M Odstrcil, D Davies, JA Rollett, T Luhmann, JG Nitta, N Mulligan, T Jensen, EA Forsyth, R Lavraud, B de Koning, CA Veronig, AM Galvin, AB Zhang, TL Anderson, BJ AF Moestl, C. Farrugia, C. J. Kilpua, E. K. J. Jian, L. K. Liu, Y. Eastwood, J. P. Harrison, R. A. Webb, D. F. Temmer, M. Odstrcil, D. Davies, J. A. Rollett, T. Luhmann, J. G. Nitta, N. Mulligan, T. Jensen, E. A. Forsyth, R. Lavraud, B. de Koning, C. A. Veronig, A. M. Galvin, A. B. Zhang, T. L. Anderson, B. J. TI MULTI-POINT SHOCK AND FLUX ROPE ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE INTERPLANETARY CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AROUND 2010 AUGUST 1 IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE shock waves; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; CME-CME INTERACTION; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SOLAR-WIND; RING CURRENT; STEREO OBSERVATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; INTERACTION REGION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; COMPLEX EJECTA AB We present multi-point in situ observations of a complex sequence of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) which may serve as a benchmark event for numerical and empirical space weather prediction models. On 2010 August 1, instruments on various space missions, Solar Dynamics Observatory/Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Solar-TErrestrial-RElations-Observatory (SDO/SOHO/STEREO), monitored several CMEs originating within tens of degrees from the solar disk center. We compare their imprints on four widely separated locations, spanning 120 degrees in heliospheric longitude, with radial distances from the Sun ranging from MESSENGER (0.38 AU) to Venus Express (VEX, at 0.72 AU) to Wind, ACE, and ARTEMIS near Earth and STEREO-B close to 1 AU. Calculating shock and flux rope parameters at each location points to a non-spherical shape of the shock, and shows the global configuration of the interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), which have interacted, but do not seem to have merged. VEX and STEREO-B observed similar magnetic flux ropes (MFRs), in contrast to structures at Wind. The geomagnetic storm was intense, reaching two minima in the Dst index (approximate to-100 nT), and was caused by the sheath region behind the shock and one of two observed MFRs. MESSENGER received a glancing blow of the ICMEs, and the events missed STEREO-A entirely. The observations demonstrate how sympathetic solar eruptions may immerse at least 1/3 of the heliosphere in the ecliptic with their distinct plasma and magnetic field signatures. We also emphasize the difficulties in linking the local views derived from single-spacecraft observations to a consistent global picture, pointing to possible alterations from the classical picture of ICMEs. C1 [Moestl, C.; Liu, Y.; Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moestl, C.; Temmer, M.; Rollett, T.; Veronig, A. M.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Kanzelhohe Observ IGAM, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Moestl, C.; Rollett, T.; Zhang, T. L.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Farrugia, C. J.; Galvin, A. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.; Galvin, A. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kilpua, E. K. J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland. [Jian, L. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jian, L. K.; Odstrcil, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Eastwood, J. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. [Harrison, R. A.; Davies, J. A.] Harwell Oxford, RAL Space, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA USA. [Nitta, N.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Mulligan, T.] Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Jensen, E. A.] ACS Consulting, Houston, TX USA. [Lavraud, B.] Univ Toulouse UPS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Lavraud, B.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, UMR 5277, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [de Koning, C. A.] NOAA SWPC, Boulder, CO USA. [Anderson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Mostl, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM christian.moestl@uni-graz.at RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Galvin, Antoinette/A-6114-2013; Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010; Veronig, Astrid/B-8422-2009; Kilpua, Emilia/G-8994-2012; OI Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558; Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527; Liu, Ying/0000-0002-3483-5909; Moestl, Christian/0000-0001-6868-4152; Amerstorfer, Tanja/0000-0001-9024-6706 FU Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P20145-N16, V195-N16]; European Union [263252]; NASA [NAS5-00132, NNG06GD41G, NNX08AD11G, NNX10AQ29G, NNX08AQ16G]; NSF [AGS-1140211]; STEREO [NAS5-03131]; Navy [N00173-07-1-G016, N00173-10-1-G001] FX We thank all the people involved in building and maintaining the great variety of instruments from which data was used to make this work possible. This work would also not have been possible without the enthusiasm of the attendees of the three workshops held in early 2011. We additionally thank Paulett Liewer, Karel Schrijver, and Volker Bothmer for enlightening discussions. This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. C. M., M. T., and T. R. were supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P20145-N16, V195-N16. The presented work has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 263252 [COMESEP]. It is also supported by NASA grants NAS5-00132, NNG06GD41G, NNX08AD11G, NNX10AQ29G, NNX08AQ16G, and NSF grant AGS-1140211. Work at the University of California, Berkeley, was supported from STEREO grant NAS5-03131. D. F. W. was supported by Navy contracts N00173-07-1-G016 and N00173-10-1-G001. We also acknowledge the use of Wind data provided by the magnetometer and the solar wind experiment teams at GSFC, and thank the centers for geomagnetism in Kyoto and Potsdam for providing the Kp and Dst indices. NR 94 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/758/1/10 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 016LS UT WOS:000309520500010 ER PT J AU Kerckhoff, J Lehnert, KW AF Kerckhoff, Joseph Lehnert, K. W. TI Superconducting Microwave Multivibrator Produced by Coherent Feedback SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM ERROR-CORRECTION; AMPLIFICATION; NOISE AB We investigate a nonlinear coherent feedback circuit constructed from preexisting superconducting microwave devices. The network exhibits emergent bistable and astable states, and we demonstrate its operation as a latch and the frequency locking of its oscillations. While the network is tedious to model by hand, our observations agree quite well with the semiclassical dynamical model produced by a new software package (N. Tezak et al., arXiv:1111.3081v1 [Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (to be published)]) that systematically interpreted an idealized schematic of the system as a quantum optic feedback network. C1 [Kerckhoff, Joseph; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kerckhoff, Joseph; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kerckhoff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jkerc@jila.colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU DARPA QuEST program; NSF Physics Frontier Center; NRC FX We acknowledge partial support from the DARPA QuEST program and from the NSF Physics Frontier Center. J. K. acknowledges the NRC for financial support, W. Kindle and H.-S. Ku for experimental advice, and N. Tezak and H. Mabuchi for very helpful discussions and the beta version of QHDL. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 15 AR 153602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.153602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 017LB UT WOS:000309590300016 PM 23102306 ER PT J AU Slichter, DH Vijay, R Weber, SJ Boutin, S Boissonneault, M Gambetta, JM Blais, A Siddiqi, I AF Slichter, D. H. Vijay, R. Weber, S. J. Boutin, S. Boissonneault, M. Gambetta, J. M. Blais, A. Siddiqi, I. TI Measurement-Induced Qubit State Mixing in Circuit QED from Up-Converted Dephasing Noise SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We observe measurement-induced qubit state mixing in a transmon qubit dispersively coupled to a planar readout cavity. Our results indicate that dephasing noise at the qubit-readout detuning frequency is up-converted by readout photons to cause spurious qubit state transitions, thus limiting the nondemolition character of the readout. Furthermore, we use the qubit transition rate as a tool to extract an equivalent flux noise spectral density at f similar to 1 GHz and find agreement with values extrapolated from a 1/f(alpha) fit to the measured flux noise spectral density below 1 Hz. C1 [Slichter, D. H.; Vijay, R.; Weber, S. J.; Siddiqi, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Quantum Nanoelect Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boutin, S.; Boissonneault, M.; Blais, A.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Gambetta, J. M.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Slichter, DH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM slichter@berkeley.edu RI Slichter, Daniel/A-2870-2013; Siddiqi, Irfan/E-5548-2015 OI Slichter, Daniel/0000-0002-1228-0631; FU Hertz Foundation Fellowship endowed by Big George Ventures; Army Research Office QCT program [W911NF1110029]; NSERC; FQRNT; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; CIFAR FX We thank O. Naaman, J. Aumentado, and Y. C. Hagar for useful discussions on data processing. D. H. S. acknowledges support from a Hertz Foundation Fellowship endowed by Big George Ventures. R. V. and I. S. acknowledge support from the Army Research Office QCT program under Contract No. W911NF1110029. We acknowledge support from NSERC (S. B., M. B., A. B.) and FQRNT (M. B.). A. B. further acknowledges funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and CIFAR. We thank Calcul Quebec for computation time. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 15 AR 153601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.153601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 017LB UT WOS:000309590300015 PM 23102305 ER PT J AU Eastman, SA Kim, S Page, KA Rowe, BW Kang, SH DeCaluwe, SC Dura, JA Soles, CL Yager, KG AF Eastman, Scott A. Kim, Sangcheol Page, Kirt A. Rowe, Brandon W. Kang, Shuhui DeCaluwe, Steven C. Dura, Joseph A. Soles, Christopher L. Yager, Kevin G. TI Effect of Confinement on Structure, Water Solubility, and Water Transport in Nafion Thin Films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POLYMER-METAL COMPOSITES; PEM FUEL-CELLS; PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; MEMBRANES; SORPTION; DYNAMICS; SURFACE AB Fuel cells based on polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) show promise as a means of energy conversion for a wide range of applications both in the transportation sector and for stationary power production due to their high charge density and low operating temperatures. While the structure and transport of bulk PEMs for fuel cell applications have been studied extensively, much less is known about these materials at interfaces and under confinement, conditions that are highly relevant in the membrane electrode assembly of a working PEM fuel cell. Using X-ray reflectivity, neutron reflectivity, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, quartz crystal microbalance, and polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, we have studied the structure, swelling, water solubility, and water transport kinetics as a function of relative humidity for confined polyelectrolyte films thinner than 222 nm. While the humidity-dependent equilibrium swelling ratio, volumetric water fraction, and effective diffusivity are relatively constant for films thicker than ca. 60 nm, we observe measurable suppressions of these properties in films less than ca. 60 nm. These effects occur at length scales that are relevant to transport (ion and water) in the polyelectrolyte binders found in the catalyst layer of the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) of a functional fuel cell. The thin film methodology and findings presented here provide a platform to quantify and validate models of interfacial impedance used within the fuel cell community and have the potential to lead to improvements in MEA materials, design, and optimization. C1 [Eastman, Scott A.; Kim, Sangcheol; Page, Kirt A.; Rowe, Brandon W.; Kang, Shuhui; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Page, KA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kirt.page@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU National Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX S. Eastman thanks the National Research Council Postdoctoral Program for their support. The assistance and valuable discussions with Joe Dura and Steve Decaluwe at the NIST Center for Neutron Research and Hae-Jeong Lee in Polymers Division at NIST are also greatly appreciated. Professor Yossef Elabd at Drexel University also provided critical feedback during manuscript preparation. Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 70 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 153 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 9 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 19 BP 7920 EP 7930 DI 10.1021/ma301289v PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 016GM UT WOS:000309505500030 ER PT J AU Nowak, B Kinnunen, JJ Holland, MJ Schlagheck, P AF Nowak, Boris Kinnunen, Jami J. Holland, Murray J. Schlagheck, Peter TI Delocalization of ultracold atoms in a disordered potential due to light scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; MATTER AB We numerically study the expansion dynamics of ultracold atoms in a one-dimensional disordered potential in the presence of a weak position measurement of the atoms. We specifically consider this position measurement to be realized by a combination of an external laser and a periodic array of optical microcavities along a waveguide. The position information is acquired through the scattering of a near-resonant laser photon into a specific eigenmode of one of the cavities. The time evolution of the atomic density in the presence of this light-scattering mechanism is described within a Lindblad master equation approach, which is numerically implemented using the Monte Carlo wave function technique. We find that an arbitrarily weak rate of photon emission leads to a breakdown of Anderson localization of the atoms. C1 [Nowak, Boris] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Nowak, Boris] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Kinnunen, Jami J.] Aalto Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Appl Phys, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Holland, Murray J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holland, Murray J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schlagheck, Peter] Univ Liege, Dept Phys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Nowak, B (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Kinnunen, Jami/J-9809-2013 OI Kinnunen, Jami/0000-0001-7155-1262 FU National Science Foundation FX The authors thank K. Hornberger, C. A. Muller, and B. M. Peden for useful discussions. M.H. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 9 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 AR 043610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.043610 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017FX UT WOS:000309576600008 ER PT J AU Gerrits, T Calkins, B Tomlin, N Lita, AE Migdall, A Mirin, R Nam, SW AF Gerrits, Thomas Calkins, Brice Tomlin, Nathan Lita, Adriana E. Migdall, Alan Mirin, Richard Nam, Sae Woo TI Extending single-photon optimized superconducting transition edge sensors beyond the single-photon counting regime SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; DETECTORS; NOISE; DISCRIMINATION; WAVELENGTHS; EFFICIENCY; SILICON; STATE AB Typically, transition edge sensors resolve photon number of up to 10 or 20 photons, depending on the wavelength and TES design. We extend that dynamic range up to 1000 photons, while maintaining sub-shot noise detection process uncertainty of the number of detected photons and beyond that show a monotonic response up to approximate to 6 . 10(6) photons in a single light pulse. This mode of operation, which heats the sensor far beyond its transition edge into the normal conductive regime, offers a technique for connecting single-photon-counting measurements to radiant-power measurements at picowatt levels. Connecting these two usually incompatible operating regimes in a single detector offers significant potential for directly tying photon counting measurements to conventional cryogenic radiometric standards. In addition, our measurements highlight the advantages of a photon-number state source over a coherent pulse source as a tool for characterizing such a detector. C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Calkins, Brice; Tomlin, Nathan; Lita, Adriana E.; Mirin, Richard; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Migdall, Alan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM thomas.gerrits@nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655; Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 FU NIST Quantum Information Initiative FX T.G. thanks Zachary Levine for discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information Initiative. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 8 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 21 BP 23798 EP 23810 DI 10.1364/OE.20.023798 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 022JP UT WOS:000309955100085 PM 23188345 ER PT J AU Kilbane, D O'Sullivan, G Gillaspy, JD Ralchenko, Y Reader, J AF Kilbane, D. O'Sullivan, G. Gillaspy, J. D. Ralchenko, Yu. Reader, J. TI EUV spectra of Rb-like to Cu-like gadolinium ions in an electron-beam ion trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH IONS; ZN-LIKE IONS; GA-LIKE IONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ENERGY-LEVELS; DENSITY TOKAMAK; WAVELENGTHS; PLASMAS; EMISSION; TRANSITIONS AB Measurements of extreme ultraviolet radiation from highly charged gadolinium ions were made at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The ions were produced and confined in an electron-beam ion trap (EBIT), and the spectra were recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer in the wavelength range 3-17 nm. Ionization stages from Rb-like to Cu-like gadolinium were selected by tuning the electron-beam energies between 0.97 and 1.7 keV. Strong intrashell n = 4-n = 4 transitions were identified by performing detailed collisional-radiative modeling of the EBIT plasma. A total of 73 spectral features were recorded, including 59 new identifications. C1 [Kilbane, D.; O'Sullivan, G.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Gillaspy, J. D.; Ralchenko, Yu.; Reader, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kilbane, D (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM deirdre.kilbane@ucd.ie RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Science Foundation Ireland under Principal Investigator Research Grant [07/IN.1/I1771]; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX We thank Yuri Podpaly for independently confirming the calibration, wavelength determination, and error analysis. This work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland under Principal Investigator Research Grant 07/IN.1/I1771 and in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 8 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 AR 042503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.042503 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017FU UT WOS:000309576300007 ER PT J AU Weng, F Zou, X Wang, X Yang, S Goldberg, MD AF Weng, F. Zou, X. Wang, X. Yang, S. Goldberg, M. D. TI Introduction to Suomi national polar-orbiting partnership advanced technology microwave sounder for numerical weather prediction and tropical cyclone applications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD LIQUID WATER; SPECIAL SENSOR MICROWAVE/IMAGER; DATA ASSIMILATION; RADIOMETER DATA; IMAGER SSM/I; UNIT; RETRIEVAL; OCEANS; WINDS AB The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite was successfully launched on 28 October 2011. On board the Suomi NPP, the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) is a cross-track scanning instrument and has 22 channels at frequencies ranging from 23 to 183 GHz which allows for probing the atmospheric temperature and moisture under clear and cloudy conditions. ATMS inherited most of the sounding channels from its predecessors: Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) onboard NOAA and MetOp satellites. However, ATMS has a wider scan swath and has no gaps between two consecutive orbits. It includes one new temperature sounding channel and two water vapor sounding channels and provides more details of thermal structures in lower troposphere, especially for the storm conditions such as tropical cyclones. While ATMS temperature sounding channels have shorter integration time and therefore higher noise than AMSU-A, the ATMS observations from their overlapping field of views are resampled to produce AMSU-A-like measurements. C1 [Weng, F.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zou, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wang, X.; Yang, S.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Goldberg, M. D.] NOAA, Joint Polar Satellite Syst Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Weng, F (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology project [2010CB951600] FX The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. The third and fourth authors are supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology project 2010CB951600. We thank Tong Zhu for generating the sounding retrieval and Ninghai Sun for providing ATMS data by Interface Data and Processing Segment (IDPS) through decoding. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D19112 DI 10.1029/2012JD018144 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018HE UT WOS:000309650100003 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZB Ackerman, AS Feingold, G Platnick, S Pincus, R Xue, HW AF Zhang, Zhibo Ackerman, Andrew S. Feingold, Graham Platnick, Steven Pincus, Robert Xue, Huiwen TI Effects of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity and drizzle on remote sensing of cloud droplet effective radius: Case studies based on large-eddy simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; RETRIEVALS; IMPACT; GROWTH; RESOLUTION; ALGORITHM; ALBEDO AB This study investigates effects of drizzle and cloud horizontal inhomogeneity on cloud effective radius (r(e)) retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). In order to identify the relative importance of various factors, we developed a MODIS cloud property retrieval simulator based on the combination of large-eddy simulations (LES) and radiative transfer computations. The case studies based on synthetic LES cloud fields indicate that at high spatial resolution (similar to 100 m) 3-D radiative transfer effects, such as illumination and shadowing, can induce significant differences between retrievals of r(e) based on reflectance at 2.1 mu m (r(e,2.1)) and 3.7 mu m (r(e,3.7)). It is also found that 3-D effects tend to have stronger impact on r(e,2.1) than r(e,3.7), leading to positive difference between the two (Delta r(e,3.7-2.1)) from illumination and negative Delta r(e,3.7-2.1) from shadowing. The cancellation of opposing 3-D effects leads to overall reasonable agreement between r(e,2.1) and r(e,3.7) at high spatial resolution as far as domain averages are concerned. At resolutions similar to MODIS, however, r(e,2.1) is systematically larger than r(e,3.7) when averaged over the LES domain, with the difference exhibiting a threshold-like dependence on both r(e,2.1) and an index of the sub-pixel variability in reflectance (H-sigma), consistent with MODIS observations. In the LES cases studied, drizzle does not strongly impact r(e) retrievals at either wavelength. It is also found that opposing 3-D radiative transfer effects partly cancel each other when cloud reflectance is aggregated from high spatial resolution to MODIS resolution, resulting in a weaker net impact of 3-D radiative effects on r(e) retrievals. The large difference at MODIS resolution between r(e,3.7) and r(e,2.1) for highly inhomogeneous pixels with H-sigma > 0.4 can be largely attributed to what we refer to as the "plane-parallel r(e) bias," which is attributable to the impact of sub-pixel level horizontal variability of cloud optical thickness on r(e) retrievals and is greater for r(e,2.1) than r(e,3.7). These results suggest that there are substantial uncertainties attributable to 3-D radiative effects and plane-parallel r(e) bias in the MODIS r(e,2.1) retrievals for pixels with strong sub-pixel scale variability, and the Hs index can be used to identify these uncertainties. C1 [Zhang, Zhibo] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Zhang, Zhibo] Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Zhang, Zhibo; Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Feingold, Graham; Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xue, Huiwen] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, ZB (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM zhibo.zhang@umbc.edu RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Zhang, Zhibo/D-1710-2010; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Zhang, Zhibo/0000-0001-9491-1654; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; FU NASA [NNX11AI98G, NNX11AF09G] FX We thank Daniel Grosvenor and the other two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, questions, and suggestions, which have helped to improve this manuscript. ZZ, AA and SP were supported by NASA under grant NNX11AI98G, and RP was supported by NASA under grant NNX11AF09G. Computational support was provided by the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D19208 DI 10.1029/2012JD017655 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018HE UT WOS:000309650100001 ER PT J AU Sadakane, K Horikawa, Y Nagao, M Seto, H AF Sadakane, Koichiro Horikawa, Yuka Nagao, Michihiro Seto, Hideki TI The Effect of Tetraphenylphosphonium Chloride on Phase Behavior and Nanoscale Structures in a Mixture of D2O and 3-Methylpyridine SO CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SEPARATION; NACL AB The effects of adding an "inversely antagonistic" salt, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (PPh4Cl), to a binary mixture of deuterated water and 3-methylpyridine were investigated by visual inspection and small-angle neutron scattering. With increasing salt concentration, the two-phase region shrinks and a charge density wave structure is induced, as in the case of adding a "normally antagonistic" salt, sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4), to the binary mixture. The concentration range of the periodic structure is narrower than that in the case of adding NaBPh4, and no ordered lamellar structure is observed in the present study. C1 [Sadakane, Koichiro; Seto, Hideki] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, KENS&CMRC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Horikawa, Yuka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. RP Seto, H (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, KENS&CMRC, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM hideki.seto@kek.jp OI Seto, Hideki/0000-0002-1658-3576 FU Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society [23-320, 24-335]; JSPS [19-3802]; [23244088]; [23750031] FX The authors are grateful to Prof. Onuki at Kyoto University for valuable discussions. This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos. 23244088 and 23750031) and the Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. K. S. and Y. H. were partially supported by Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society (Nos. 23-320 and 24-335). K.S. was also supported by JSPS (No. 19-3802). NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU CHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-5 KANDA-SURUGADAI CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-8307, JAPAN SN 0366-7022 EI 1348-0715 J9 CHEM LETT JI Chem. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 41 IS 10 SI SI BP 1075 EP 1077 DI 10.1246/cl.2012.1075 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 035GO UT WOS:000310931600020 ER PT J AU Daly, B Swingle, JS Eckert, GL AF Daly, Benjamin Swingle, James S. Eckert, Ginny L. TI Increasing hatchery production of juvenile red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) through size grading SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cannibalism; Hatchery; Paralithodes camtschaticus; Red king crab; Size grading; Stock enhancement ID DIETARY CALCIUM SUPPLEMENT; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; MACROBRACHIUM-ROSENBERGII; STOCKING DENSITY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; FOOD ACQUISITION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HABITAT TYPE; BLUE CRABS AB Cannibalism is problematic in hatchery production of many crustaceans and can be exacerbated by differential growth, size variability, and asynchronous molting. We conducted two hatchery experiments in Seward, Alaska, USA to investigate effects of size grading on survival and growth of juvenile red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus). We reared larvae and subsequent juveniles until juveniles were eight weeks post-settlement. For each experiment, these eight-week old juvenile crabs (approximately 2.0 to 4.5 mm carapace width) were sorted using a 3.3 mm mesh screen into: "small," "large," and "ungraded" size classes. In the diet experiment, the three size classes were stocked at a density of 600 crabs m(-2) and reared either on a control diet of commercial mariculture feeds or the control diet supplemented with astaxanthin and calcium for 53 days. In the density experiment, the three size classes were stocked at densities of 400, 900, and 1400 crabs m(-2) and fed the control diet plus astaxanthin and calcium for 31 days. Survival in both experiments was strongly influenced by size grading. Generally, small crabs had higher survival than large and ungraded crabs. Diet was not a significant factor in weight or survival. Small crabs had relatively high survival at all stocking densities, but all size classes had decreased survival with increasing density, likely from cannibalism. Size graded crabs reared at elevated densities yielded improved biomass per rearing area (g m(-2)) compared to ungraded populations, suggesting lower survival rates may achieve the goal of optimizing hatchery production. Coupled with appropriate stocking densities, size grading could be used in laboratory and hatchery rearing protocols for red king crab and other likely cannibalistic crustaceans to maximize survival, improve hatchery efficiency, and increase the financial viability of large-scale stock enhancement or aquaculture programs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Daly, Benjamin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Swingle, James S.; Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Daly, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM ben.daly@noaa.gov FU NOAA; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery FX This work was funded by a NOAA Aquaculture award to Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks and Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery. The authors would like to thank H. McCarty, R. Painter, J. Stephan, and L. Dochterman for helping with broodstock acquisition, J. Christiansen for project assistance, and J. Hetrick for hatchery logistical support. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 364 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.034 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 030LD UT WOS:000310571300030 ER PT J AU Stieglitz, JD Benetti, DD Serafy, JE AF Stieglitz, John D. Benetti, Daniel D. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Optimizing transport of live juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum): Effects of salinity and shipping biomass SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Marine fish; Improved shipping methods; Isosmotic; Euryhaline ID PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; WATER-QUALITY; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; FISH; SURVIVAL; STRESS; GROWTH; AMMONIA; SYSTEMS; BASS AB Live juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) transport methods were examined to determine opportunities for increasing packing density in closed containers for durations up to 24 h. Juvenile cobia (27 to 46 days post-hatch (dph)) were tested for salinity tolerance via abrupt transfer from 35 ppt salinity water to salinities ranging from 0 ppt to 55 ppt. Results indicated 100% survival at 24 h post-transfer at salinities between 11 ppt and 45 ppt. Using two different salinities within the range tested in the tolerance trials (12 ppt and 32 ppt), a 24 h simulated shipping trial was conducted comparing final survival between the two salinities at each of four packing densities (5 kg/m(3), 10 kg/m(3), 15 kg/m(3), and 20 kg/m(3)). At packing densities above 10 kg/m(3), survival was significantly enhanced at 12 ppt relative to rates in the higher salinity (32 ppt) treatments. Additionally, there were no apparent effects on post-transport aquaculture performance of the fish shipped at high densities in reduced salinity water. Results of this study suggest that cobia fingerling producers can optimize their current shipping methods and protocols by increasing stocking densities in closed containers, allowing for reductions in labor, material, and mass-dependent transport costs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stieglitz, John D.; Benetti, Daniel D.; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Stieglitz, JD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jstieglitz@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA National Marine Aquaculture Initiative (NMAI) [NA080AR4170826, NA060AR4170238] FX The authors thank Brian O'Hanlon, CEO of Open Blue Sea Farms, Republic of Panama, for his continued support of UMEH cobia research and for providing end-user shipping data for commercial-scale juvenile cobia shipments. Also, Dr. Gavin Partridge of the Challenger Institute Aquaculture Development Unit in Fremantle, Australia provided helpful reviews of the manuscript while conducting collaborative research with the scientists at the University of Miami Experimental Hatchery (UMEH). Finally, this work would not have been possible without the help of the UMEH staff and volunteers, including Ron Hoenig, Bruno Sardenberg, and Sasa Miralao. This research was supported by grants from the NOAA National Marine Aquaculture Initiative (NMAI) nos. NA080AR4170826 and NA060AR4170238. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 364 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.038 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 030LD UT WOS:000310571300042 ER PT J AU Jones, TT Bostrom, BL Hastings, MD Van Houtan, KS Pauly, D Jones, DR AF Jones, T. Todd Bostrom, Brian L. Hastings, Mervin D. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Pauly, Daniel Jones, David R. TI Resource Requirements of the Pacific Leatherback Turtle Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA L; MARINO-LAS-BAULAS; SEA-TURTLE; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; ENERGY DENSITY; CHELONIA-MYDAS; METABOLIC-RATE; JAMURSBA-MEDI; COSTA-RICA; JELLYFISH AB The Pacific population of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) has drastically declined in the last 25 years. This decline has been linked to incidental capture by fisheries, egg and meat harvesting, and recently, to climate variability and resource limitation. Here we couple growth rates with feeding experiments and food intake functions to estimate daily energy requirements of leatherbacks throughout their development. We then estimate mortality rates from available data, enabling us to raise food intake (energy requirements) of the individual to the population level. We place energy requirements in context of available resources (i.e., gelatinous zooplankton abundance). Estimated consumption rates suggest that a single leatherback will eat upward of 1000 metric tonnes (t) of jellyfish in its lifetime (range 924-1112) with the Pacific population consuming 2.1 x 10(6) t of jellyfish annually (range 1.0-3.7 x 10(6)) equivalent to 4.2 x 10(8) megajoules (MJ) (range 2.0-7.4 x 10(8)). Model estimates suggest 2-7 yr-old juveniles comprise the majority of the Pacific leatherback population biomass and account for most of the jellyfish consumption (1.1 x 10(6) t of jellyfish or 2.2 x 10(8) MJ per year). Leatherbacks are large gelatinous zooplanktivores with consumption to biomass ratios of 96 (up to 192 if feeding strictly on low energy density Cnidarians); they, therefore, have a large capacity to impact gelatinous zooplankton landscapes. Understanding the leatherback's needs for gelatinous zooplankton, versus the availability of these resources, can help us better assess population trends and the influence of climate induced resource limitations to reproductive output. C1 [Jones, T. Todd; Bostrom, Brian L.; Hastings, Mervin D.; Jones, David R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Jones, T. Todd; Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Sea Us Project, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Jones, TT (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM Todd.Jones@noaa.gov OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU NSERC; United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS) (Southwest Fisheries Science Center); United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS) (Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center) FX This work was funded by an NSERC-Discovery Grant to DRJ and by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS) (Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 91 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 84 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e45447 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045447 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 020QD UT WOS:000309827300010 PM 23071518 ER PT J AU Liu, JM Zhang, XL Parker, ET Veres, PR Roberts, JM de Gouw, JA Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Murphy, JG Ellis, RA Huey, LG Weber, RJ AF Liu, Jiumeng Zhang, Xiaolu Parker, Eric T. Veres, Patrick R. Roberts, James M. de Gouw, Joost A. Hayes, Patrick L. Jimenez, Jose L. Murphy, Jennifer G. Ellis, Raluca A. Huey, L. Greg Weber, Rodney J. TI On the gas-particle partitioning of soluble organic aerosol in two urban atmospheres with contrasting emissions: 2. Gas and particle phase formic acid SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ACETIC-ACIDS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; UNITED-STATES; WATER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PM2.5; MASS; TROPOSPHERE; COLLECTION; OZONOLYSIS AB Gas and fine particle (PM2.5) phase formic acid concentrations were measured with online instrumentation during separate one- month studies in the summer of 2010 in Los Angeles (LA), CA, and Atlanta, GA. In both urban environments, median gas phase concentrations were on the order of a few ppbv (LA 1.6 ppbv, Atlanta 2.3 ppbv) and median particle phase concentrations were approximately tens of ng/m(3) (LA 49 ng/m(3), Atlanta 39 ng/m(3)). LA formic acid gas and particle concentrations had consistent temporal patterns; both peaked in the early afternoon and generally followed the trends in photochemical secondary gases. Atlanta diurnal trends were more irregular, but the mean diurnal profile had similar afternoon peaks in both gas and particle concentrations, suggesting a photochemical source in both cities. LA formic acid particle/gas (p/g) ratios ranged between 0.01 and 12%, with a median of 1.3%. No clear evidence that LA formic acid preferentially partitioned to particle water was observed, except on three overcast periods of suppressed photochemical activity. Application of Henry's Law to predict partitioning during these periods greatly under-predicted particle phase formate concentrations based on bulk aerosol liquid water content (LWC) and pH estimated from thermodynamic models. In contrast to LA, formic acid partitioning in Atlanta appeared to be more consistently associated with elevated relative humidity (i.e., aerosol LWC), although p/g ratios were somewhat lower, ranging from 0.20 to 5.8%, with a median of 0.8%. Differences in formic acid gas absorbing phase preferences between these two cities are consistent with that of bulk water-soluble organic carbon reported in a companion paper. C1 [Liu, Jiumeng; Zhang, Xiaolu; Parker, Eric T.; Huey, L. Greg; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Veres, Patrick R.; de Gouw, Joost A.; Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, Patrick R.; Roberts, James M.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murphy, Jennifer G.; Ellis, Raluca A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Ellis, Raluca A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weber, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu RI Zhang, Xiaolu/F-9190-2011; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0931492, ATM-0802237]; DOE; BER; ASR program [DE-SC0006035]; CIRES Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowship; NOAA's Climate Change and Health of the Atmosphere programs; [CARB-319] FX Georgia Tech researchers were funded through National Science Foundation grants ATM-0931492 and ATM-0802237. The authors are grateful for logistical support from John Seinfeld, Rick Flagan, and the California Institute of Technology. P.L.H. and J.L.J. were supported by CARB-319 and DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-SC0006035, and P.L.H. acknowledges a CIRES Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowship. The NOAA work was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Health of the Atmosphere programs. We are also appreciative of the California Air Resources Board for supplying sampling structures and electrical services during the CalNex field mission. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 66 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V21 DI 10.1029/2012JD017912 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018HC UT WOS:000309649900004 ER PT J AU Gouretski, V Kennedy, J Boyer, T Kohl, A AF Gouretski, Viktor Kennedy, John Boyer, Tim Koehl, Armin TI Consistent near-surface ocean warming since 1900 in two largely independent observing networks SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; TRENDS AB We compare historical global temperature time series, based on bias-adjusted sea-surface temperatures with independent temperature time series, for the upper 20 meter layer of the ocean based on the latest update of an historical hydrographic profile data set. Despite the two underlying data sets being different in number of data points, instrumentation and applied adjustments, both of the time series are consistent in showing an overall warming since 1900. We also extend records of temperature change in the upper 400 m back to 1900. Noting that the geographic coverage is limited prior to 1950, the temperature change in the 0-400 m layer is characterized by two periods of temperature increase between 1900 and 1940-45 and between 1970 and 2003, separated by a period of little change. Citation: Gouretski, V., J. Kennedy, T. Boyer, and A. Kohl (2012), Consistent near-surface ocean warming since 1900 in two largely independent observing networks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19606, doi:10.1029/2012GL052975. C1 [Gouretski, Viktor; Koehl, Armin] Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, D-20144 Hamburg, Germany. [Kennedy, John] Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Exeter, Devon, England. [Boyer, Tim] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gouretski, V (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, KlimaCampus,Grindelberg 5, D-20144 Hamburg, Germany. EM viktor.gouretski@zmaw.de RI Kohl, Armin/I-9378-2014 OI Kohl, Armin/0000-0002-9777-674X FU Cluster of Excellence 'CLISAP', University of Hamburg [EXC177]; German Science Foundation; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; project Nordatlantik [03F0462E] FX V. Gouretski was supported through the Cluster of Excellence 'CLISAP' (EXC177), University of Hamburg, funded through the German Science Foundation. J. Kennedy was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). A. Kohl acknowledges support through the project Nordatlantik (03F0462E) funded by the German Science Foundation. We acknowledge Syd Levitus and John Antonov for their help in preparing the 0-400 m curves. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L19606 DI 10.1029/2012GL052975 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 017QW UT WOS:000309606600002 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Mamontov, E Stock, C Gehring, PM Xu, GY AF Xu, Zhijun Wen, Jinsheng Mamontov, E. Stock, C. Gehring, P. M. Xu, Guangyong TI Freezing of the local dynamics in the relaxor ferroelectric [Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3](0.955)[PbTiO3](0.045) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-SCATTERING AB We report measurements of the neutron diffuse scattering in a single crystal of the relaxor ferroelectric material 95.5%Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-4.5%PbTiO3 (PZN-4.5%PT). We show that the diffuse scattering at high temperatures has a quasielastic component with energy width greater than or similar to 0.1 meV. On cooling the total diffuse scattering intensity increases, but the intensity and the energy width of the quasielastic component gradually diminish. At 50 K the diffuse scattering is completely static (i.e., the energy width lies within the limits of our instrumental resolution). This suggests that the dynamics of the short-range correlated atomic displacements associated with the diffuse scattering freeze at low temperature. We find that this depends on the wave vector q as the quasielastic diffuse scattering intensities associated with < 001 > (T1-type) and < 110 > (T2-type) atomic displacements vary differently with temperature and electric field. C1 [Xu, Zhijun; Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stock, C.; Gehring, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX Financial support from the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 is gratefully acknowledged. This research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 5 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 14 AR 144106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.144106 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017GL UT WOS:000309578000003 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, CI Butler, AH Waugh, DW Hurwitz, MM Polvani, LM AF Garfinkel, C. I. Butler, A. H. Waugh, D. W. Hurwitz, M. M. Polvani, L. M. TI Why might stratospheric sudden warmings occur with similar frequency in El Nino and La Nina winters? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MODEL; EVENTS; ATMOSPHERE AB The effect of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the frequency and character of Northern Hemisphere major mid-winter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) is evaluated using a meteorological reanalysis data set and comprehensive chemistry-climate models. There is an apparent inconsistency between the impact of opposite phases of ENSO on the seasonal mean vortex and on SSWs: El Nino leads to an anomalously warm, and La Nina leads to an anomalously cool, seasonal mean polar stratospheric state, but both phases of ENSO lead to an increased SSW frequency. A resolution to this apparent paradox is here proposed: the region in the North Pacific most strongly associated with precursors of SSWs is not strongly influenced by El Nino and La Nina teleconnections. In the observational record, both La Nina and El Nino lead to similar anomalies in the region associated with precursors of SSWs and, consistent with this, there is a similar SSW frequency in La Nina and El Nino winters. A similar correspondence between the penetration of ENSO teleconnections into the SSW precursor region and SSW frequency is found in the comprehensive chemistry-climate models. The inability of some of the models to capture the observed relationship between La Nina and SSW frequency appears related to whether the modeled ENSO teleconnections result in extreme anomalies in the region most closely associated with SSWs. Finally, it is confirmed that the seasonal mean polar vortex response to ENSO is only weakly related to the relative frequency of SSWs during El Nino and La Nina. C1 [Garfinkel, C. I.; Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. [Butler, A. H.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Hurwitz, M. M.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Hurwitz, M. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Garfinkel, CI (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. EM cig4@jhu.edu RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; garfinkel, chaim/H-6215-2012; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; garfinkel, chaim/0000-0001-7258-666X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798 FU NASA [NNX06AE70G]; NSF [ATM 0905863]; US National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX06AE70G and NSF grant ATM 0905863. The work of L. M. P. is funded, in part, by a grant of the US National Science Foundation to Columbia University. We thank Andrew Charlton-Perez for providing the SSW central dates for the CCMVal-2 models. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 4 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D19106 DI 10.1029/2012JD017777 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018HB UT WOS:000309649800002 ER PT J AU Graven, HD Gruber, N Key, R Khatiwala, S Giraud, X AF Graven, H. D. Gruber, N. Key, R. Khatiwala, S. Giraud, X. TI Changing controls on oceanic radiocarbon: New insights on shallow-to-deep ocean exchange and anthropogenic CO2 uptake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION CORAL RECORD; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; GAS-EXCHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC AB The injection of radiocarbon (C-14) into the atmosphere by nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s has provided a powerful tracer to investigate ocean physical and chemical processes. While the oceanic uptake of bomb-derived C-14 was primarily controlled by air-sea exchange in the early decades after the bomb spike, we demonstrate that changes in oceanic C-14 are now primarily controlled by shallow-to-deep ocean exchange, i.e., the same mechanism that governs anthropogenic CO2 uptake. This is a result of accumulated bomb C-14 uptake that has rapidly decreased the air-sea gradient of C-14/C (Delta C-14) and shifted the main reservoir of bomb C-14 from the atmosphere to the upper ocean. The air-sea Delta C-14 gradient, reduced further by fossil fuel dilution, is now weaker than before weapons testing in most regions. Oceanic C-14, and particularly its temporal change, can now be used to study the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. We examine observed changes in oceanic Delta C-14 between the WOCE/SAVE (1988-1995) and the CLIVAR (2001-2007) eras and simulations with two ocean general circulation models, the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Model (ECCO). Observed oceanic Delta C-14 and its changes between the 1980s-90s and 2000s indicate that shallow-to-deep exchange is too efficient in ECCO and too sluggish in CCSM. These findings suggest that mean global oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 between 1990 and 2007 is bounded by the ECCO-based estimate of 2.3 Pg C yr(-1) and the CCSM-based estimate of 1.7 Pg C yr(-1) C1 [Graven, H. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Graven, H. D.; Gruber, N.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Key, R.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Khatiwala, S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. [Giraud, X.] Aix Marseille Univ, UM34, CEREGE, Aix En Provence, France. RP Graven, HD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0244, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hgraven@ucsd.edu RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Graven, Heather/0000-0003-3934-2502 FU ETH Zurich FX We are indebted to the numerous sea-going and laboratory scientists that conducted the ocean radiocarbon measurements and made their data available, and to the Carbon Dioxide Analysis Data Center (CDIAC) and the CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO) for hosting the data. This work was financially supported by ETH Zurich. This is LDEO contribution number 7600. NR 116 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 75 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 4 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C10005 DI 10.1029/2012JC008074 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 017TM UT WOS:000309613900001 ER PT J AU Luo, XY Gao, KY Deng, L Hagley, EW Wang, RQ AF Luo, Xinyu Gao, Kuiyi Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Wang, Ruquan TI Impact of photoassisted collisions on superradiant light scattering with Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAS AB We present experimental evidence supporting the postulation that the secondary effects of light-assisted collisions are the main reason that the superradiant light scattering efficiency in condensates is asymmetric with respect to the sign of the pump-laser detuning. Contrary to recent experimental study, however, we observe severe and comparable heating with all three pump-laser polarizations. We also perform two-color, double-pulse measurements to directly study the degradation of condensate coherence and the resulting impact on the superradiant scattering efficiency. C1 [Luo, Xinyu; Gao, Kuiyi; Wang, Ruquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Luo, XY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 project) [2006CB921206]; National High-Tech Research Program of China (863 project) [2006AA06Z104]; National Science Foundation of China [10704086] FX We thank Dr. Charles W. Clark, Dr. P. S. Julienne, Dr. E. Tiesinga, Dr. P. D. Lett (all at NIST), and Professor Hui Zhai (TsingHua University) for discussions. R. W. acknowledges financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 project Grant No. 2006CB921206), the National High-Tech Research Program of China (863 project Grant No. 2006AA06Z104), and the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10704086). Technical assistance from Professor Zhiping Zhong of IOP CAS is also acknowledged. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 4 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 AR 043603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.043603 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 015OP UT WOS:000309456100008 ER PT J AU Ates, S Agha, I Gulinatti, A Rech, I Rakher, MT Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Ates, Serkan Agha, Imad Gulinatti, Angelo Rech, Ivan Rakher, Matthew T. Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik TI Two-Photon Interference Using Background-Free Quantum Frequency Conversion of Single Photons Emitted by an InAs Quantum Dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UP-CONVERSION AB We show that quantum frequency conversion (QFC) can overcome the spectral distinguishability common to inhomogeneously broadened solid-state quantum emitters. QFC is implemented by combining single photons from an InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) at 980 nm with a 1550 nm pump laser in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide to generate photons at 600 nm with a signal-to-background ratio exceeding 100:1. Photon correlation and two-photon interference measurements confirm that both the single photon character and wave packet interference of individual QD states are preserved during frequency conversion. Finally, we convert two spectrally separate QD transitions to the same wavelength in a single PPLN waveguide and show that the resulting field exhibits nonclassical two-photon interference. C1 [Ates, Serkan; Agha, Imad; Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ates, Serkan; Agha, Imad] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gulinatti, Angelo; Rech, Ivan] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Ates, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serkan.ates@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI GULINATTI, ANGELO/F-1335-2010; Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011; Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015; OI GULINATTI, ANGELO/0000-0001-6701-9126; Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197; Rech, Ivan/0000-0002-1430-1010 FU University of Maryland; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX We thank Edward Flagg for information on volume Bragg gratings and Lijun Ma and Xiao Tang for discussions about PPLN waveguides. S. A. and I. A. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST 70NANB10H193. NR 32 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 50 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 14 AR 147405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.147405 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 015OK UT WOS:000309455600018 PM 23083286 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing TI Shock Tube Studies on the Decomposition of 2-Butanol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PHASE; BUTANOL; ALCOHOL AB The thermal decomposition of 2-butanol have been studied at temperatures of 1045-1221 K and pressures of 1.5-6 bar using the single pulse shock tube technique. Dilute concentrations of 2-butanol have been decomposed in the presence of large quantities of a radical inhibitor. The mechanism for decomposition involves direct elimination of water producing cis- and trans-2-butene, and 1-butene, and C-C bond fission producing ethylene. Acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and propene were also observed in much smaller yields from C-C bond fission. The respective unimolecular rate expressions are as follows: k(C3H6(OH)-CH3 -> cis-CH3CH=CHCH3 + H2O) = 10(13.1 +/- 0.3) exp(-33414 +/- 755 K/T) s(-1); k(C3H6(OH)CH3 -> trans-CH3CH= CHCH3 + H2O) = 10(13.5 +/- 0.3) exp(-33820 +/- 755 K/T) s(-1); k(C3H6(OH)CH3 -> CH3CH2CH=CH2 + H2O) = 10(13.6 +/- 0.3) exp(-33002 +/- 755 K/T) s(-1); k(C3H6(OH)CH3 -> C2H5 center dot + (CH)-C-center dot(OH)CH3) = 10(15.9 +/- 0.3) exp(-39252 +/- 755 K/T) s(-1). These rate expressions are compared with analogous reactions for primary and tertiary butanols. They form a basis for the prediction of those for related systems. Comparison with estimated values used in the simulation of butanol combustion is indicative of the uncertainties in the rate constants that are used in such models:The activation energy of 326 kJ/mol leads to a bond dissociation energy of the CH(OH)CH3 radical (H-CH(OH)CH3) of 400 kJ/mol, in excellent agreement with earlier calculated results from theory and disagreement with the experimental results from iodination studies in the expected range. C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosado-Reyes, CM (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claudette.rosado-reyes@nist.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 EI 1520-5215 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 4 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 39 BP 9599 EP 9606 DI 10.1021/jp306975s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 014KT UT WOS:000309375300001 PM 22946999 ER PT J AU Mears, CA Wentz, FJ Thorne, PW AF Mears, Carl A. Wentz, Frank J. Thorne, Peter W. TI Assessing the value of Microwave Sounding Unit-radiosonde comparisons in ascertaining errors in climate data records of tropospheric temperatures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UPPER-AIR DATA; TIME-SERIES; TRENDS; SATELLITE; MSU; HOMOGENIZATION; SURFACE; BIASES AB Multidecadal-scale changes in atmospheric temperature have been measured by both radiosondes and the satellite-borne microwave sounding unit (MSU). Both measurement systems exhibit substantial time varying biases that need to removed to the extent possible from the raw data before they can be used to assess climate trends. A number of methods have been developed for each measurement system, leading to the creation of several homogenized data sets. In this work, we evaluate the agreement between MSU and homogenized radiosonde data sets on multiyear (predominantly 5-year) time scales and find that MSU data sets are often more similar to each other than to radiosonde data sets and vice versa. Furthermore, on these times scales the differences between MSU data sets are often not larger than published internal uncertainty estimates for the RSS product alone and therefore may not be statistically significant when the internal uncertainty in each data set is taken into account. Given the data limitations it is concluded that using radiosondes to validate multidecadal-scale trends in MSU data, or vice versa, or trying to use such metrics alone to pick a 'winner' is an ill-conditioned approach and has limited utility without one or more of additional independent measurements, or methodological, or physical analysis. C1 [Mears, Carl A.; Wentz, Frank J.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. [Thorne, Peter W.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NOAA, Asheville, NC USA. RP Mears, CA (reprint author), Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. EM mears@remss.com RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D19103 DI 10.1029/2012JD017710 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018HA UT WOS:000309649700001 ER PT J AU Nickels, JD O'Neill, H Hong, L Tyagi, M Ehlers, G Weiss, KL Zhang, Q Yi, Z Mamontov, E Smith, JC Sokolov, AP AF Nickels, Jonathan D. O'Neill, Hugh Hong, Liang Tyagi, Madhusudan Ehlers, Georg Weiss, Kevin L. Zhang, Qiu Yi, Zheng Mamontov, Eugene Smith, Jeremy C. Sokolov, Alexei P. TI Dynamics of Protein and its Hydration Water: Neutron Scattering Studies on Fully Deuterated GFP SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; BOSON PEAK; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; BACKBONE CONTRIBUTIONS; GLOBULAR PROTEIN; RIBONUCLEASE-A; SIDE-CHAIN; SOLVENT; TEMPERATURE; MOTIONS AB We present a detailed analysis of the picosecond-to-nanosecond motions of green fluorescent protein (G FP) and its hydration water using neutron scattering spectroscopy and hydrogen/deuterium contrast. The analysis reveals that hydration water suppresses protein motions at lower temperatures (2 emission inventories. NR 32 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 19 BP 10463 EP 10470 DI 10.1021/es204632r PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015FG UT WOS:000309431200011 PM 22443276 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Cai, WJ AF Sunda, William G. Cai, Wei-Jun TI Eutrophication Induced CO2-Acidification of Subsurface Coastal Waters: Interactive Effects of Temperature, Salinity, and Atmospheric P-CO2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; BALTIC SEA; SEAWATER; HYPOXIA; OXYGEN; SOLUBILITY; ESTUARIES AB Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is raising seawater CO2 concentrations and thereby acidifying ocean water. But a second environmental problem, eutrophication, is also causing large CO2 inputs into coastal waters. This occurs because anthropogenic inputs of nutrients have fueled massive algal blooms, which deplete bottom waters of oxygen (O-2) and release CO2 when the organic matter from these blooms is respired by bacteria. On the basis of a biogeochemical model, these CO2 inputs are predicted to decrease current pH values by 0.25 to 1.1 units, effects that increased with decreasing temperature and salinity. Our model predictions agreed well with pH data from hypoxic zones in the northern Gulf of Mexico and Baltic Sea, two eutrophic coastal systems with large temperature and salinity differences. The modeled and measured decreases in pH are well within the range shown to adversely impact marine fauna. Model calculations show that the acidification from respiratory CO2 inputs interacts in a complex fashion with that from increasing atmospheric CO2 and that these pH effects can be more than additive in seawater at intermediate to higher temperatures. These interactions have important biological implications in a future world with increasing atmospheric CO2, increasing anthropogenic inputs of nutrients, and rising temperatures from CO2-linked global warming. C1 [Sunda, William G.] NOAA, CCFHR, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, CCFHR, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov RI Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013 OI Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0752110]; NASA [NNX10AU06G] FX We thank Amy Nau for retrieval of Baltic Sea data from the worldwide web. This work was partly supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0752110) and NASA (NNX10AU06G). NR 44 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 150 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 19 BP 10651 EP 10659 DI 10.1021/es300626f PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015FG UT WOS:000309431200036 PM 22889106 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM McGaw, E Wise, SA AF Schantz, Michele M. McGaw, Elizabeth Wise, Stephen A. TI Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Diesel and Air Particulate Standard Reference Materials: Effect of Extraction Temperature and Pressure SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; LC-GC-MS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; FLUID EXTRACTION; URBAN DUST; MATTER AB Four particulate matter Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were used to evaluate the effect of solvent, number of static cycles and static times, pressure, and temperature when using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated-PAHs. The four materials used in the study were SRM 1648a Urban Particulate Matter, SRM 1649b Urban Dust, SRM 1650b Diesel Particulate Matter, and SRM 2975 Diesel Particulate Matter (Industrial Forklift). The results from the study indicate that the choice of solvent, dichloromethane compared to toluene and toluene/methanol mixtures, had little effect on the extraction efficiency. With three to five extraction cycles, increasing the extraction time for each cycle from 5 to 30 min had no significant effect on the extraction efficiency. The differences in extraction efficiency were not significant (with over 95% of the differences being <10%) when the pressure was increased from 13.8 to 20.7 MPa. The largest increase in extraction efficiency occurred for selected PAHs when the temperature of extraction was increased from 100 to 200 degrees C. At 200 degrees C naphthalene, biphenyl, fluorene, dibenzothiophene, and anthracene show substantially higher mass fractions (>30%) than when extracted at 100 degrees C in all the SRMs studied. For SRM 2975, large increases (>100%) are also observed for some other PAHs including benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and benzo[b]chrysene when extracted at the higher temperatures; however, similar trends were not observed for the other diesel particulate sample, SRM 1650b. The results are discussed in relation to the use of the SRMs for evaluating analytical methods. C1 [Schantz, Michele M.; McGaw, Elizabeth; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michele.schantz@nist.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 19 BP 8222 EP 8231 DI 10.1021/ac301443v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 016BV UT WOS:000309493200022 PM 22963542 ER PT J AU Favela, KH Tans, P Jaeckle, TH Williamson, WS AF Favela, Kristin Herrmann Tans, Pieter Jaeckle, Thomas H. Williamson, William S. TI Microcollection of Gases in a Capillary Tube: Preservation of Spatial and Temporal Resolution SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STRATOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; ANALYZER; CH4 AB Researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have recently developed and reported a novel air collection device for measuring vertical profiles of trace gases in the atmosphere, which has been applied to carbon dioxide and methane so far. The device consists of a long stainless steel tube that is prefilled with calibrated gas and allowed to ascend on a weather balloon. During ascent, the device is evacuated as it equilibrates with the decreasing atmospheric pressure. During descent, the tube is filled with atmospheric gas in an ordered manner. The diffusion rate inside the tube is slow enough that the collected gas remains ordered. Here is reported a miniaturization of the device described above, in which the stainless steel tube is replaced with Hydroguard fused silica tubing (0.53 mm x 30 m) and two lightweight valves having a total mass of less than 28 g. This micro-AirCore device was deployed on the SwRI-developed unmanned SkyWisp glider. Profiling of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere proceeded via mass spectrometric detection. A laboratory-based validation system was used for evaluating the micro-AirCore function, including accuracy and precision, for carbon dioxide. The diffusion profiles of carbon dioxide, argon, oxygen, and methane were also investigated. Overall, the micro-AirCore demonstrated an accuracy error of 2% ((CO2)-C-12) and minimal diffusion over a period of 16 h (peak width increased by a factor of 1.6). Even after 63 h, mixing of the gases inside the tube was not complete. A triplet of micro-AirCores was deployed on the SkyWisp glider yielding a relative standard deviation of 0.08%, or 0.3 ppm, for CO2. The profile collected resulted in observation of the boundary layer with elevated CO2 levels, a region in the free troposphere with relatively constant CO2 mole fraction, and a gradual decrease in CO2 above 10 000 m. This microdevice has broad applications extending beyond vertical profiling. Fitting the device with a metering device could enable horizontal collection of gases. C1 [Favela, Kristin Herrmann; Jaeckle, Thomas H.; Williamson, William S.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Tans, Pieter] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Favela, KH (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM kristin.favela@swri.org NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 19 BP 8310 EP 8316 DI 10.1021/ac301707w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 016BV UT WOS:000309493200034 PM 22931123 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Chen, JJ Turko, IV AF Wang, Meiyao Chen, Junjun Turko, Illarion V. TI N-15-Labeled Full-Length Apolipoprotein E4 as an Internal Standard for Mass Spectrometry Quantification of Apolipoprotein E Isoforms SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ALLELE AB Apolipoprotein E isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) affect the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the apoE4 isoform being a major risk factor. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. ApoE isoforms vary by a single amino acid change, and it is a challenge to distinguish them on the protein level. We developed a mass spectrometry-based quantitative method utilizing N-15-labeled full-length apoE4 (N-15-apoE4) as an internal standard to quantify concentrations of the specific apoE4 isoform and total apoE. The measurements were performed on control and severe AD samples from human postmortem brain in a single experimental run with a single internal standard, N-15-apoE4. By subtracting apoE4 from total apoE, the concentration of apoE2 or apoE3 for individuals possessing epsilon 2/epsilon 4 or epsilon 3/epsilon 4 alleles can be assessed. Moreover, using the full-length N-15-apoE4 standard for the set of samples with pure epsilon 2/epsilon 2, epsilon 3/epsilon 3, or epsilon 4/epsilon 4 genotypes makes possible comparison of changes that occur in individual apoE2, apoE3, or apoE4 isoforms, respectively. Overall, using this method, it is possible to study the differences between apoE isoform functions on the protein level and therefore to understand the underlying biological mechanism by which apoE alters AD susceptibility. C1 [Wang, Meiyao; Chen, Junjun; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Wang, Meiyao; Chen, Junjun; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM iturko@umd.edu RI Wang, Meiyao/F-6133-2012 FU Washington University School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center grant [P50 AG05681] FX We thank Dr. K.H. Weisgraber (Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA) for the expression construct for human apoE4. This work was supported in part by a Washington University School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center grant (P50 AG05681). Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 19 BP 8340 EP 8344 DI 10.1021/ac3018873 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 016BV UT WOS:000309493200038 PM 22931427 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Becker, NC Walsh, D Fryer, GJ Weinstein, SA McCreery, CS Sardina, V Hsu, V Hirshorn, BF Hayes, GP Duputel, Z Rivera, L Kanamori, H Koyanagi, KK Shiro, B AF Wang, Dailin Becker, Nathan C. Walsh, David Fryer, Gerard J. Weinstein, Stuart A. McCreery, Charles S. Sardina, Victor Hsu, Vindell Hirshorn, Barry F. Hayes, Gavin P. Duputel, Zacharie Rivera, Luis Kanamori, Hiroo Koyanagi, Kanoa K. Shiro, Brian TI Real-time forecasting of the April 11, 2012 Sumatra tsunami SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOURCE INVERSION; EARTHQUAKES; AREA AB The April 11, 2012, magnitude 8.6 earthquake off the northern coast of Sumatra generated a tsunami that was recorded at sea-level stations as far as 4800 km from the epi-center and at four ocean bottom pressure sensors (DARTs) in the Indian Ocean. The governments of India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Maldives issued tsunami warnings for their coastlines. The United States' Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued an Indian Ocean-wide Tsunami Watch Bulletin in its role as an Interim Service Provider for the region. Using an experimental real-time tsunami forecast model (RIFT), PTWC produced a series of tsunami forecasts during the event that were based on rapidly derived earthquake parameters, including initial location and Mwp magnitude estimates and the W-phase centroid moment tensor solutions (W-phase CMTs) obtained at PTWC and at the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). We discuss the real-time forecast methodology and how successive, real-time tsunami forecasts using the latest W-phase CMT solutions improved the accuracy of the forecast. Citation: Wang, D., et al. (2012), Real-time forecasting of the April 11, 2012 Sumatra tsunami, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19601, doi:10.1029/2012GL053081. C1 [Wang, Dailin; Becker, Nathan C.; Walsh, David; Fryer, Gerard J.; Weinstein, Stuart A.; McCreery, Charles S.; Sardina, Victor; Hsu, Vindell; Hirshorn, Barry F.; Koyanagi, Kanoa K.; Shiro, Brian] NOAA, NWS, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Duputel, Zacharie; Kanamori, Hiroo] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rivera, Luis] UdS EOST, CNRS, UMR 7516, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. RP Wang, DL (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, 91-270 Ft Weaver Rd, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM dailin.wang@noaa.gov RI Duputel, Zacharie/C-2906-2016 OI Duputel, Zacharie/0000-0002-8809-451X NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L19601 DI 10.1029/2012GL053081 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 017QN UT WOS:000309605600003 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Koriabine, M Hartmann-Fritsch, F de Jong, PJ Lewis, TD Schetle, N Work, TM Dagenais, J Balazs, GH Leong, JAC AF Ackermann, Mathias Koriabine, Maxim Hartmann-Fritsch, Fabienne de Jong, Pieter J. Lewis, Teresa D. Schetle, Nelli Work, Thierry M. Dagenais, Julie Balazs, George H. Leong, Jo-Ann C. TI The Genome of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 Harbors Atypical Genes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME; MARINE TURTLE HERPESVIRUS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; GREEN TURTLES; BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1; CELL-SURFACE; IN-VITRO; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; MYDAS AB The Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV; ChHV5) is believed to be the causative agent of fibropapillomatosis (FP), a neoplastic disease of marine turtles. While clinical signs and pathology of FP are well known, research on ChHV5 has been impeded because no cell culture system for its propagation exists. We have cloned a BAC containing ChHV5 in pTARBAC2.1 and determined its nucleotide sequence. Accordingly, ChHV5 has a type D genome and its predominant gene order is typical for the varicellovirus genus within the alphaherpesvirinae. However, at least four genes that are atypical for an alphaherpesvirus genome were also detected, i.e. two members of the C-type lectin-like domain superfamily (F-lec1, F-lec2), an orthologue to the mouse cytomegalovirus M04 (F-M04) and a viral sialyltransferase (F-sial). Four lines of evidence suggest that these atypical genes are truly part of the ChHV5 genome: (1) the pTARBAC insertion interrupted the UL52 ORF, leaving parts of the gene to either side of the insertion and suggesting that an intact molecule had been cloned. (2) Using FP-associated UL52 (F-UL52) as an anchor and the BAC-derived sequences as a means to generate primers, overlapping PCR was performed with tumor-derived DNA as template, which confirmed the presence of the same stretch of "atypical" DNA in independent FP cases. (3) Pyrosequencing of DNA from independent tumors did not reveal previously undetected viral sequences, suggesting that no apparent loss of viral sequence had happened due to the cloning strategy. (4) The simultaneous presence of previously known ChHV5 sequences and F-sial as well as F-M04 sequences was also confirmed in geographically distinct Australian cases of FP. Finally, transcripts of F-sial and F-M04 but not transcripts of lytic viral genes were detected in tumors from Hawaiian FP-cases. Therefore, we suggest that F-sial and F-M04 may play a role in FP pathogenesis. C1 [Ackermann, Mathias; Hartmann-Fritsch, Fabienne; Schetle, Nelli] Univ Zurich, Inst Virol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Koriabine, Maxim; de Jong, Pieter J.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, BACPAC Resources Ctr, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Work, Thierry M.; Dagenais, Julie] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. [Balazs, George H.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Lewis, Teresa D.; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Virol, Zurich, Switzerland. EM email@vetvir.uzh.ch RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology; NSF EPSCoR; NOAA [2005-008/682]; Pfizer; UZH Stiftung fur wissenschaftliche Forschung FX The authors acknowledge support provided by the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Core Sequencing Facility, which is funded by the NSF EPSCoR program, Investing in Multidisciplinary University Activities, and the support provided by NOAA funds to the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology-Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve Partnership, MOA #2005-008/682. Financial support for MA's work was based on MA's Pfizer Award 2000, a grant to MA from the UZH Stiftung fur wissenschaftliche Forschung (http://www.researchers.uzh.ch/support/stwf.html), and a donation to MA from Martha Ackermann Kaiser. This paper is listed as HIMB contribution #1293. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e46623 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0046623 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 015NG UT WOS:000309452600046 PM 23056373 ER PT J AU Glaetzle, AW Nath, R Zhao, B Pupillo, G Zoller, P AF Glaetzle, A. W. Nath, R. Zhao, B. Pupillo, G. Zoller, P. TI Driven-dissipative dynamics of a strongly interacting Rydberg gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIPOLAR GASES; QUANTUM GATES; ATOMS; EXCITATION; COLLISIONS; BLOCKADE; STATES; COLD AB We study the nonequilibrium many-body dynamics of a cold gas of ground-state alkali-metal atoms weakly admixed by Rydberg states with laser light. On a time scale shorter than the lifetime of the dressed states, effective dipole-dipole or van der Waals interactions between atoms can lead to the formation of strongly correlated phases, such as atomic crystals. Using a semiclassical approach, we study the long-time dynamics where decoherence and dissipative processes due to spontaneous emission and blackbody radiation dominate, leading to heating and melting of atomic crystals as well as particle losses. These effects can be substantially mitigated by performing active laser cooling in the presence of atomic dressing. C1 [Glaetzle, A. W.; Nath, R.; Zhao, B.; Pupillo, G.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Glaetzle, A. W.; Nath, R.; Zhao, B.; Pupillo, G.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Glaetzle, A. W.; Zoller, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Glaetzle, A. W.; Zoller, P.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glaetzle, A. W.; Zoller, P.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pupillo, G.] Univ Strasbourg, ISIS, UMR 7006, Strasbourg, France. [Pupillo, G.] Univ Strasbourg, IPCMS, UMR 7504, Strasbourg, France. [Pupillo, G.] CNRS, Strasbourg, France. RP Glaetzle, AW (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 FU COHERENCE; EOARD; EPSRC through CHIST-ERA R-ION; Austrian Science Fund; ERC Starting Grant [307688] FX The authors thank E. Arimondo, M. Baranov, I. Lesanovsky, M. D. Lukin, and H. R. Sadeghpour for stimulating discussions. P.Z. and A.G. thank ITAMP, the Harvard Physics Department and the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, where part of this work was done, for their hospitality. Work was supported in parts by COHERENCE, EOARD, and EPSRC through CHIST-ERA R-ION and the Austrian Science Fund. G.P. was funded by the ERC Starting Grant No. (307688). NR 86 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 2 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 AR 043403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.043403 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 014OD UT WOS:000309384500003 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Juang, HMH AF Zhang, Yunfei Juang, Hann-Ming Henry TI A mass-conserving non-iteration-dimensional-split semi-Lagrangian advection scheme for limited-area modelling SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE semi-Lagrangian; mass conservation; advection ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT SCHEME; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; METHOD PSM; SPHERE; PPM AB A newly developed mass-conserving semi-Lagrangian advection scheme for limited area modelling is illustrated, which requires no initial guess and no iteration for determining trajectories and is different from the traditional semi-Lagrangian scheme. This scheme uses operator splitting to extend one dimension to multi-dimensions to avoid 2D interpolation or remapping. In addition to the mass conservation, the scheme is relatively simple and is competitively accurate as compared to other semi-Lagrangian schemes. Copyright (C) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Zhang, Yunfei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yunfei] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yunfei; Juang, Hann-Ming Henry] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Zhang, Yunfei] SOA, Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Key Lab Res Marine Hazards Forecasting, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Juang, HMH (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Henry.Juang@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 138 IS 669 BP 2118 EP 2125 DI 10.1002/qj.1938 PN B PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 083YV UT WOS:000314503700013 ER PT J AU Mates, SP Forster, AM Hunston, D Rhorer, R Everett, RK Simmonds, KE Bagchi, A AF Mates, Steven P. Forster, Aaron M. Hunston, Donald Rhorer, Richard Everett, Richard K. Simmonds, Kirth E. Bagchi, Amit TI Identifying the dynamic compressive stiffness of a prospective biomimetic elastomer by an inverse method SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Biomimetic material; Kolsky bar; High-strain-rate; Digital image correlation; Inverse problem; Finite element analysis ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; SOFT HUMAN TISSUES; BEHAVIOR; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN; IMPACT; BRAIN; LIVER; MODEL AB Soft elastomeric materials that mimic real soft human tissues are sought to provide realistic experimental devices to simulate the human body's response to blast loading to aid the development of more effective protective equipment. The dynamic mechanical behavior of these materials is often measured using a Kolsky bar because it can achieve both the high strain rates (>100 s(-1)) and the large strains (>20%) that prevail in blast scenarios. Obtaining valid results is challenging, however, due to poor dynamic equilibrium, friction, and inertial effects. To avoid these difficulties, an inverse method was employed to determine the dynamic response of a soft, prospective biomimetic elastomer using Kolsky bar tests coupled with high-speed 3D digital image correlation. Individual tests were modeled using finite elements, and the dynamic stiffness of the elastomer was identified by matching the simulation results with test data using numerical optimization. Using this method, the average dynamic response was found to be nearly equivalent to the quasi-static response measured with stress-strain curves at compressive strains up to 60%, with an uncertainty of +/- 18%. Moreover, the behavior was consistent with the results in stress relaxation experiments and oscillatory tests although the latter were performed at lower strain levels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mates, Steven P.; Forster, Aaron M.; Hunston, Donald; Rhorer, Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Everett, Richard K.; Bagchi, Amit] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Simmonds, Kirth E.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Mates, SP (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM smates@nist.gov OI Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 14 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.04.023 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 073SB UT WOS:000313761700010 PM 22982958 ER PT J AU Medvigy, D Clark, KL Skowronski, NS Schafer, KVR AF Medvigy, D. Clark, K. L. Skowronski, N. S. Schaefer, K. V. R. TI Simulated impacts of insect defoliation on forest carbon dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE defoliation; carbon budget; New Jersey Pine Barrens; ecosystem demography model; gypsy moth ID GYPSY-MOTH DEFOLIATION; NEW-JERSEY; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; FUTURE; SINK; DISTURBANCES; VARIABILITY; PERIODICITY; SYNCHRONY AB Many temperate and boreal forests are subject to insect epidemics. In the eastern US, over 41 million meters squared of tree basal area are thought to be at risk of gypsy moth defoliation. However, the decadal-to-century scale implications of defoliation events for ecosystem carbon dynamics are not well understood. In this study, the effects of defoliation intensity, periodicity and spatial pattern on the carbon cycle are investigated in a set of idealized model simulations. A mechanistic terrestrial biosphere model, ecosystem demography model 2, is driven with observations from a xeric oak-pine forest located in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Simulations indicate that net ecosystem productivity (equal to photosynthesis minus respiration) decreases linearly with increasing defoliation intensity. However, because of interactions between defoliation and drought effects, aboveground biomass exhibits a nonlinear decrease with increasing defoliation intensity. The ecosystem responds strongly with both reduced productivity and biomass loss when defoliation periodicity varies from 5 to 15 yr, but exhibits a relatively weak response when defoliation periodicity varies from 15 to 60 yr. Simulations of spatially heterogeneous defoliation resulted in markedly smaller carbon stocks than simulations with spatially homogeneous defoliation. These results show that gypsy moth defoliation has a large effect on oak-pine forest biomass dynamics, functioning and its capacity to act as a carbon sink. C1 [Medvigy, D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Medvigy, D.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Clark, K. L.] USDA Forest Serv, Silas Little Expt Forest, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [Skowronski, N. S.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Schaefer, K. V. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Medvigy, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, 418B Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dmedvigy@princeton.edu RI Skowronski, Nicholas/N-4417-2013 OI Skowronski, Nicholas/0000-0002-5801-5614 FU USDA [10-JV-11242306-136]; NASA [NNH08AH971]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-SC0007041] FX The authors are grateful for computational support provided by the PICSciE-OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. This research was in part supported by USDA joint venture agreement 10-JV-11242306-136, NASA grant NNH08AH971, and the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy DE-SC0007041. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 43 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR 045703 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045703 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059IA UT WOS:000312696400065 ER PT J AU Soja, AJ Groisman, PY AF Soja, Amber J. Groisman, Pavel Ya TI Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative: evolution of scientific investigations to applicable science SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Review DE land cover land use change; Russia; China; Mongolia; Kazakhstan; Romania; Arctic; boreal AB The letters collected in this focus issue of Environmental Research Letters on 'Environmental, socio-economic and climatic changes in Northern Eurasia and their feedbacks to the global Earth system' represent the third special issue based on the results of research within the Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI: http://neespi.org) program domain. Through the years, NEESPI researchers have presented a diverse array of articles that represent a variety of spatial scales and demonstrate the degree to which abrupt climatic and socio-economic changes are acting across Northern Eurasia and feed back to the global Earth system. C1 [Soja, Amber J.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Groisman, Pavel Ya] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Soja, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. EM amber.j.soja@nasa.gov; pasha.groisman@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 AR 045201 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045201 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059IA UT WOS:000312696400050 ER PT J AU Walter, JF Porch, CE AF Walter, John F. Porch, Clay E. TI Modeling terminal-year fishing mortality rates in western Atlantic bluefin tuna virtual population analyses SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Stock assessment; Virtual population analysis; Fishing mortality rate; Retrospective patterns; Age-based population model; Thunnus thynnus ID AT-AGE DATA; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; ADAPT; COD AB Virtual population analysis requires information on the fishing mortality rate (or abundance) for one age group from each cohort. In many cases available data are insufficient to estimate these rates for every age group and structural assumptions must be imposed to reduce the number of effective parameters. Past assessments of western Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) have reduced the number of parameters by assuming pre-specified values for the ratios of the fishing mortality rates on adjacent age groups. More recent bluefin tuna assessments have estimated terminal fishing mortality rates (F) on each age with a constraint that restricts change from one year to the next. We explore the implications of these methods of estimating terminal-year F through retrospective analyses of the 2006 bluefin tuna assessment and through stochastic simulations. The use of pre-specified ratios for F created strong retrospective biases and may have led to overly optimistic projections. Constraining annual changes in the terminalyear F appeared to mute retrospective patterns and resulted in abundance projections less prone to spurious initial leaps. Simulation results indicate that the constraint improves estimation, particularly with moderate to low interannual changes in selectivity. C1 [Walter, John F.; Porch, Clay E.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Sustainable Fisheries Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Walter, JF (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Sustainable Fisheries Div, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.f.walter@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 25 IS 4 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1051/alr/2012037 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 058KD UT WOS:000312631600005 ER PT J AU Bracken-Grissom, HD Felder, DL Vollmer, NL Martin, JW Crandall, KA AF Bracken-Grissom, Heather D. Felder, Darryl L. Vollmer, Nicole L. Martin, Joel W. Crandall, Keith A. TI Phylogenetics links monster larva to deep-sea shrimp SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cerataspis monstrosa; Decapoda; DNA barcoding; larval-adult linkage; phylogenetics ID DNA-SEQUENCES; SPECIES DELIMITATION; CRUSTACEA DECAPODA; TREES; GENUS; MORPHOLOGY; CERATASPIS; INFERENCE; CRAYFISH; TAXONOMY AB Mid-water plankton collections commonly include bizarre and mysterious developmental stages that differ conspicuously from their adult counterparts in morphology and habitat. Unaware of the existence of planktonic larval stages, early zoologists often misidentified these unique morphologies as independent adult lineages. Many such mistakes have since been corrected by collecting larvae, raising them in the lab, and identifying the adult forms. However, challenges arise when the larva is remarkably rare in nature and relatively inaccessible due to its changing habitats over the course of ontogeny. The mid-water marine species Cerataspis monstrosa (Gray 1828) is an armored crustacean larva whose adult identity has remained a mystery for over 180 years. Our phylogenetic analyses, based in part on recent collections from the Gulf of Mexico, provide definitive evidence that the rare, yet broadly distributed larva, C. monstrosa, is an early developmental stage of the globally distributed deep-water aristeid shrimp, Plesiopenaeus armatus. Divergence estimates and phylogenetic relationships across five genes confirm the larva and adult are the same species. Our work demonstrates the diagnostic power of molecular systematics in instances where larval rearing seldom succeeds and morphology and habitat are not indicative of identity. Larval-adult linkages not only aid in our understanding of biodiversity, they provide insights into the life history, distribution, and ecology of an organism. C1 [Bracken-Grissom, Heather D.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Bracken-Grissom, Heather D.; Crandall, Keith A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Felder, Darryl L.; Vollmer, Nicole L.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Vollmer, Nicole L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Martin, Joel W.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Crandall, Keith A.] George Washington Univ, Computat Biol Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. RP Bracken-Grissom, HD (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Biscayne Bay Campus, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM heather.brackengrissom@fiu.edu OI Crandall, Keith/0000-0002-0836-3389 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Department of Interior-Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative FX National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Science Foundation, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Department of Interior-Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2367 EP 2373 DI 10.1002/ece3.347 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055XM UT WOS:000312451300001 PM 23145324 ER PT J AU Munger, LM Lammers, MO Fisher-Pool, P Wong, K AF Munger, Lisa M. Lammers, Marc O. Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna Wong, Kevin TI Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song occurrence at American Samoa in long-term passive acoustic recordings, 2008-2009 SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; MIGRATION; GROUNDS; ISLANDS; SOUNDS; OCEAN AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) wintering in American Samoan waters belong to the endangered Oceania subpopulation (IUCN Red List), but survey effort in this region has been relatively limited. Humpback whale seasonal occurrence was assessed using long-term passive acoustic recordings from March 2008 to July 2009 at Tutuila, the most populous island of American Samoa, and October 2008 to September 2009 at the remote Rose Atoll, 240 km to the east. Humpback whale song occurred from mid-July through November at both locations. For days with song, the mean number of recordings per day with song was significantly greater at Tutuila than at Rose Atoll. Song incidence at Rose Atoll peaked at 82% of recordings/day in late September 2008, and at Tutuila 70-100% of recordings contained song in late August through early September 2009, when recording ceased. Song incidence at Rose Atoll decreased at midday and increased at midnight, whereas there was no significant diurnal pattern at Tutuila. The lower overall incidence of song and its episodic nature at Rose Atoll suggest lower densities of whales traveling through the likely smaller detection area there, whereas greater song incidence and longer peak periods at Tutuila suggest greater whale densities and longer residence times. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4747014] C1 [Munger, Lisa M.; Lammers, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wong, Kevin] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kewalo Res Facil, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Munger, LM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM lmunger@hawaii.edu FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX The authors would like to thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai and staff at the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center who assisted with instrumentation, manuscript editing and graphics, and other aspects of this project. We are especially grateful to R. Brainard at CRED for his role in supporting the passive acoustics program. We thank P. Brown and P. Craig of the U.S. National Park Service for their assistance in deploying and recovering the EAR on Tutuila, and D. Mattila of the NOAA Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary for providing helpful information and literature. This work was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. This publication is HIMB contribution #1464. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 132 IS 4 BP 2265 EP 2272 DI 10.1121/1.4747014 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 018HJ UT WOS:000309650600032 PM 23039423 ER PT J AU Hutchings, JA Butchart, SHM Collen, B Schwartz, MK Waples, RS AF Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Butchart, Stuart H. M. Collen, Ben Schwartz, Michael K. Waples, Robin S. TI Red flags: correlates of impaired species recovery SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED NATURAL MORTALITY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; EXTINCTION RISK; MARINE FISHES; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; TRENDS; ABUNDANCE; EVOLUTION; CONSERVE AB Conservation biology research exhibits a striking but unhelpful dichotomy. Analyses of species decline, extinction risk, and threat mitigation typically encompass broad taxonomic and spatial scales. By contrast, most studies of recovery lack generality, pertaining to specific species, populations, or locales. Narrowly focused analyses offer a weak empirical basis for identifying generic recovery correlates across species, particularly in cases where recovery is not effected by an abatement of threats. We present a research framework for multi-species meta-analyses to identify early-warning signals - 'red flags' - of impaired recovery that can be used as predictors of recovery potential before recovery efforts are initiated. An empirically comprehensive understanding of the demographic, ecological, evolutionary, and threat-related factors affecting the rate and trajectory of species recovery will strengthen conservation efforts to set recovery priorities, targets, and timelines. C1 [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Collen, Ben] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hutchings, JA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM jhutch@mathstat.dal.ca RI Collen, Ben/D-5055-2011; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 10 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2012.06.005 PG 5 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 050LT UT WOS:000312055500003 PM 22784411 ER PT J AU Ranzani, L Spietz, L Popovic, Z Aumentado, J AF Ranzani, Leonardo Spietz, Lafe Popovic, Zoya Aumentado, Jose TI A 4:1 Transmission-Line Impedance Transformer for Broadband Superconducting Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Impedance matching; superconducting microwave devices; transformers ID DESIGN; PLANAR AB We present a 4 : 1 superconducting transmission-line impedance transformer for cryogenic applications. The device transforms 25 Omega in the coplanar waveguide to 6.25 Omega in the microstrip and is designed to operate at 20 mK. Calibrated measurements in a dilution refrigerator demonstrate a -3 dB bandwidth from 1.6 to 13 GHz. In a modified Ruthroff design, a small capacitor is integrated at the input as a direct-current block, making it suitable for biasing and matching to low-impedance active circuits, such as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifiers. C1 [Ranzani, Leonardo; Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spietz, Lafe; Aumentado, Jose] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ranzani, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM leonardo.ranzani@colorado.edu RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Ranzani, Leonardo/E-8421-2013 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 AR 1500606 DI 10.1109/TASC.2012.2202116 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 047NT UT WOS:000311848300002 ER PT J AU Ralchenko, Y Marchuk, O Biel, W Schlummer, T Schultz, DR Stambulchik, E AF Ralchenko, Yu. Marchuk, O. Biel, W. Schlummer, T. Schultz, D. R. Stambulchik, E. TI A non-statistical atomic model for beam emission and motional Stark effect diagnostics in fusion plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 06-10, 2012 CL Monterey, CA ID HYDROGEN-ATOM AB In this work we analyze magnetic sublevel populations in a neutral beam penetrating a fusion plasma. The collisional-radiative model NOMAD was extended to include magnetic parabolic sublevels with principal quantum numbers n <= 10. The collisional parameters were calculated with the advanced atomic-orbital close coupling method and the Glauber approximation. The ionization by the induced electric field was also included in the model. The results of our calculations show significant deviations of the sublevel populations and, accordingly, line intensities of the sigma and pi components, from the statistical approximation. It is shown, for instance, that for a number of experimental conditions the total intensity of sigma components is not equal to the total intensity of pi components, which has a strong effect on determination of magnetic field and pitch angle in fusion devices. The results are presented for a wide range of plasma and beam parameters. The most significant deviations are observed for strong magnetic fields and high beam energies typical for the ITER plasma, where component intensity ratios may deviate by more than 20% from the statistical values. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4728093] C1 [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marchuk, O.; Biel, W.; Schlummer, T.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Schultz, D. R.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Stambulchik, E.] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stambulchik, Evgeny/K-1816-2012; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Stambulchik, Evgeny/0000-0002-7100-8793; Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 10 AR 10D504 DI 10.1063/1.4728093 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 043RB UT WOS:000311562900023 PM 23126848 ER PT J AU Seely, J Feldman, U Brown, C Pereira, N Hudson, L Glover, J Silver, E AF Seely, John Feldman, Uri Brown, Charles Pereira, Nino Hudson, Lawrence Glover, Jack Silver, Eric TI Transmission crystal x-ray spectrometer covering the 6 keV-18 keV energy range with E/Delta E=1800 instrumental resolving power SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 06-10, 2012 CL Monterey, CA AB A high-resolution x-ray spectrometer utilizing a thin quartz transmission crystal and covering the 6 keV-18 keV energy range has been developed and tested. The spectrometer consists of a cylindrically bent crystal in a vacuum housing. The crystal position and the range of Bragg angles that are incident on the crystal can be adjusted to record an approximate to 4 keV wide spectrum in the 6 keV-18 keV range. The spectrometer is of the Cauchois type and has a compact linear geometry that is convenient for deployment at laser-produced plasma, EBIT, and other x-ray sources. Test spectra of the W L and Mo K lines from laboratory sources have linewidths as small as 11 eV, approaching the natural widths, and instrumental resolving power as high as 1800. Techniques for enhancing the energy resolution are experimentally demonstrated. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4732184] C1 [Seely, John; Feldman, Uri] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Brown, Charles] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pereira, Nino] Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence; Glover, Jack] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Silver, Eric] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM seelyjf@gmail.com NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 10 AR 10E112 DI 10.1063/1.4732184 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 043RB UT WOS:000311562900120 PM 23126934 ER PT J AU Nakata, H Shinohara, RI Nakazawa, Y Isobe, T Sudaryanto, A Subramanian, A Tanabe, S Zakaria, MP Zheng, GJ Lam, PKS Kim, EY Min, BY We, SU Viet, PH Tana, TS Prudente, M Frank, D Lauenstein, G Kannan, K AF Nakata, Haruhiko Shinohara, Ryu-Ichi Nakazawa, Yusuke Isobe, Tomohiko Sudaryanto, Agus Subramanian, Annamalai Tanabe, Shinsuke Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Zheng, Gene J. Lam, Paul K. S. Kim, Eun Young Min, Byung-Yoon We, Sung-Ug Pham Hung Viet Tana, Touch Seang Prudente, Maricar Frank, Donnell Lauenstein, Gunnar Kannan, Kurunthachalam TI Asia-Pacific mussel watch for emerging pollutants: Distribution of synthetic musks and benzotriazole UV stabilizers in Asian and US coastal waters SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Asia-Pacific mussel watch; Emerging pollutant; Synthetic musk; Benzotriazole UV stabilizers; Concentrations and distribution ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MARINE MAMMALS; UNITED-STATES; HONG-KONG; FRAGRANCES; SEDIMENT; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATION AB We analyzed 68 green and blue mussels collected from Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam and the USA during 2003 and 2007, to elucidate the occurrence and widespread distributions of emerging pollutants, synthetic musks and benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs) in Asia-Pacific coastal waters. Synthetic musks and BUVSs were detected in mussels from all countries, suggesting their ubiquitous contamination and widespread distribution. High concentrations of musks and BUVSs were detected in mussels from Japan and Korea, where the levels were comparable or greater than those of PCBs, DDTs and PBDEs. Significant correlations were found between the concentrations of HHCB and AHTN, and also between the concentrations of UV-327 and UV-328, which suggest similar sources and compositions of these compounds in commercial and industrial products. To our knowledge, this is the first study of large-scale monitoring of synthetic musks and BUVSs in Asia-Pacific coastal waters. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Nakata, Haruhiko; Shinohara, Ryu-Ichi; Nakazawa, Yusuke] Kumamoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. [Isobe, Tomohiko; Sudaryanto, Agus; Subramanian, Annamalai; Tanabe, Shinsuke] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi] Univ Putra, Fac Sci & Environm Studies, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. [Zheng, Gene J.; Lam, Paul K. S.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Kim, Eun Young] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Biol, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Min, Byung-Yoon; We, Sung-Ug] Kyungnam Univ, Kyungnam 631701, South Korea. [Pham Hung Viet] Hanoi Natl Univ, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Prudente, Maricar] De La Salle Univ, Sci Educ Dept, Manila 1004, Philippines. [Frank, Donnell] TDI Brooks Int, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar] Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Nakata, H (reprint author), Kumamoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. EM nakata@sci.kumamoto-u.ac.jp RI LAM, Paul/B-9121-2008; Isobe, Tomohiko/G-9576-2012; Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013; Isobe, Tomohiko/P-2114-2015; Pham, Viet/C-8027-2017 OI LAM, Paul/0000-0002-2134-3710; Isobe, Tomohiko/0000-0001-9235-1227; Isobe, Tomohiko/0000-0001-9235-1227; FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20510067, 20221003]; Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [RF-094]; Global COE Program; Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) FX The US samples were collected as a part of the NOAA's Status and Trends Mussel Watch program. We thank Ms Amanda Brewster and Dr. Juan Ramirez (TDI Brooks International College Station, Texas) for the provision of mussels samples from the US Pacific coast for analysis. Thanks are also due to Prof. Hideshige Takada (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan) for providing mussel samples analyzed. This study was partly supported by the Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (C) (No. 20510067) and Scientific Research (S) (No. 20221003) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Global Environmental Research Fund (RF-094) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and Global COE Program and program under the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). NR 44 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 64 IS 10 BP 2211 EP 2218 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.049 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 035FT UT WOS:000310929500041 PM 22910332 ER PT J AU Nowakowski, BK Smith, ST Pratt, JR Shaw, GA AF Nowakowski, B. K. Smith, S. T. Pratt, J. R. Shaw, G. A. TI Chronocoulometry for quantitative control of mass removal in micro-structures and sensors SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TUNGSTEN; CANTILEVERS; CALIBRATION; FEATURES; SURFACE AB In this work, tungsten wires have been etched in a KOH electrolyte solution. Based on the oxidation state of the electrolytic dissolution reaction's product and time integration of the Faradaic current produced during the reaction, this method is capable of providing a direct measurement of the change in mass of a structure from anodic dissolution. To assess the application of this process for controlled mass removal spanning sub-micrograms to milligrams, two experimental studies and accompanying uncertainty analyses have been undertaken. In the first of these, 5 tungsten wires of length 30 mm were used to remove mass values ranging from 50 to 350 mu g. Uncertainty estimates indicate relative combined standard uncertainties of less than 0.3% in the mass changes determined from the measurement of Faradaic current. Comparison of the mass change determined using the electrolytic method, and using a precision ultra-microbalance agreed within this uncertainty. The charge-based method was then applied to modify the dynamic characteristics of a quartz tuning fork oscillator. In these experiments, tungsten fiber attached to one tine of the oscillator was etched in 5 mu g increments up to 120 mu g of total removed mass. In general, frequency shifts of 2.8 Hz . mu g(-1) were observed, indicating sub-microgram resolution for the characterization of probes based on frequency shift and charge-based mass measurement. Taken together, this study provides the basis for a precision method for determining changes in mass based on electrical measurements from an electrochemical system. The utility of this technique is demonstrated through controlled modification of the dynamic properties of a mechanical oscillator. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4758125] C1 [Nowakowski, B. K.; Smith, S. T.] UNC Charlotte, Ctr Precis Metrol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Nowakowski, B. K.] NIST, Nanomech Properties Grp, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pratt, J. R.; Shaw, G. A.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nowakowski, BK (reprint author), UNC Charlotte, Ctr Precis Metrol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 10 AR 105115 DI 10.1063/1.4758125 PN 1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 043QZ UT WOS:000311562500070 PM 23126812 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Ginn, T Rempel-Hester, MA Arthur, C AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Ginn, Thomas Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann Arthur, Courtney TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tissue residues; toxicity; bioaccumulation; biomagnification; biomarkers; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPs; PCBs; PAHs; PBDEs; radionuclides; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine coatings; biocides; oil spills; sewage; debris; dredging; eutrophication; human disturbance; Arctic; Antarctic ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CLAM RUDITAPES-PHILIPPINARUM; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; FRESH-WATER FISH; MUSSEL MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; HALIOTIS DIVERSICOLOR SUPERTEXTA; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS AB This review covers selected 2011 articles on the biological, chemical and physical effects of natural and anthropogenic pollutants on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (concentrations of contaminants, field surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers). Reviewed papers focus further on pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on oil spills and marine debris due in part to the catastrophic Deepwater Horizon blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and ongoing cleanup and the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Several topical areas reviewed in the past were dropped this year due to circumstances beyond our control. Further, the focus is on effects, not pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e. g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). as always, readers should only use this as a guide and must consult the original papers before citing them, including double-checking units. C1 [Mearns, Alan J.] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann] Aquat Toxicol Support, Bremerton, WA USA. [Arthur, Courtney] IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Arthur, Courtney] NOAA Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 388 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 368 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1737 EP 1823 DI 10.2175/106143012X13407275695751 PG 87 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 033YK UT WOS:000310837100031 ER PT J AU Burke, BG LaVan, DA AF Burke, Brian G. LaVan, David A. TI Characterization of a 10-MHz quadrant APD for measuring frequency oscillations and tip displacements of microcantilevers SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; LASER TRACKING SYSTEM; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE; CANTILEVERS; CALORIMETER; DETECTOR; SENSORS AB The room-temperature response of a 10-MHz quadrant avalanche photodiode (APD) is investigated for detection of high frequency oscillations and tip displacements of fabricated microcantilevers. Currently, no quadrant detectors with a response bandwidth in the megahertz range are available, and oscillations on the order of a few microseconds cannot be resolved. A comparison is made between optical and opto-mechanical measurements to characterize this detector by investigating the frequency response and signal-to-noise (SNR) of pulsed laser signals up to 10 MHz and reflected laser signals from freely vibrating microcantilevers up to 1.64 MHz. The power level of the minimum detectable signal incident on the APD is found to be 28.2 +/- A 5.0 nW for optical measurements and 1.0 mu W +/- A 5.0 nW for opto-mechanical measurements. C1 [Burke, Brian G.; LaVan, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP LaVan, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 109 IS 1 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s00340-012-5162-y PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 032UD UT WOS:000310743700019 ER PT J AU Eller, ASD de Gouw, J Graus, M Monson, RK AF Eller, Allyson S. D. de Gouw, Joost Graus, Martin Monson, Russell K. TI Variation among different genotypes of hybrid poplar with regard to leaf volatile organic compound emissions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biofuel; CO2; carbon dioxide; genotypic variation; hybrid poplar; isoprene; leaf emissions; methanol; monoterpene; Populus spp.; volatile organic compound, VOC ID ISOPRENE EMISSION; ELEVATED CO2; ASPEN LEAVES; METHANOL; RATES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENVIRONMENT; PLANTATION; GROWTH; PLANTS AB Plantations of hybrid poplar are used in temperate regions to produce woody biomass for forestry-related industries and are likely to become more prevalent if they are used as a source of cellulose for second-generation biofuels. Species in the genus Populus are known to emit great quantities of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) isoprene and methanol, and lesser quantities of terpene VOCs, giving poplar plantations the potential to significantly influence regional atmospheric chemistry. The goals of this study were to quantify the differences in isoprene, methanol, and monoterpene emissions from 30 hybrid poplar genotypes, determine how well VOC emissions could be explained by growth, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance, determine whether the parental crosses that created a genotype could be used to predict its emissions, and determine whether VOC emissions from different genotypes exhibit different responses to elevated CO2. We found that 40-50% of the variation in isoprene emissions across genotypes could be explained by a combination of instantaneous photosynthesis rate and seasonal aboveground growth and 30-35% of methanol emissions could be explained by stomatal conductance. We observed a threefold range in isoprene emissions across all 30 genotypes. Both genotype and parental cross were significant predictors of isoprene and monoterpene emissions. Genotypes from P. tricocarpa x P. deltoides (T x D) crosses generally had higher isoprene emissions and lower monoterpene emissions than those from P. deltoides x P. nigra (D x N) crosses. While isoprene and monoterpene emissions generally decreased under elevated CO2 and methanol emissions generally increased, the responses varied among genotypes. Our findings suggest that genotypes with greater productivity tend to have higher isoprene emissions. Additionally, the genotypes with the lowest isoprene emissions under current CO2 are not necessarily the ones with the lowest emissions under elevated CO2. C1 [Eller, Allyson S. D.; de Gouw, Joost; Graus, Martin; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eller, Allyson S. D.; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Gouw, Joost; Graus, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Eller, ASD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ramaley N122 UCB 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ase3@cornell.edu RI Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Eller, Allyson/I-7021-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Eller, Allyson/0000-0003-3125-5658; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science at the University of Colorado-Boulder; USDA (Emissions of Biogenic Aerosol and Ozone Precursors by Biofuel Crops) [2009-35112-05217] FX We thank Lindsay Young and Thomas Lemieux for their help caring for the poplar plants. Funding for this project was provided by the Visiting Fellows program at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science at the University of Colorado-Boulder and USDA (Emissions of Biogenic Aerosol and Ozone Precursors by Biofuel Crops; USDA grant 2009-35112-05217). NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1865 EP 1875 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GA UT WOS:000310626100001 PM 23210305 ER PT J AU Hanselman, DH Spencer, PD McKelvey, DR Martin, MH AF Hanselman, Dana H. Spencer, Paul D. McKelvey, Denise R. Martin, Michael H. TI Application of an acoustic-trawl survey design to improve estimates of rockfish biomass SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING DESIGNS; FISH ABUNDANCE; CLUSTER; SEA; EFFICIENCY; PRECISION; INDEXES; SIGNAL AB Biomass estimates of several species of Alaskan rockfishes exhibit large interannual variations. Because rockfishes are long lived and relatively slow growing, large, short-term shifts in population abundance are not likely. We attribute the variations in biomass estimates to the high variability in the spatial distribution of rockfishes that is not well accounted for by the survey design currently used. We evaluated the performance of an experimental survey design, the Trawl and Acoustic Presence/Absence Survey (TAPAS), to reduce the variability in estimated biomass for Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus). Analysis of archived acoustic backscatter data produced an acoustic threshold for delineating potential areas of high ("patch") and low ("background") catch per unit of effort (CPUE) in real time. In 2009, we conducted a 12-day TAPAS near Yakutat, Alaska. We completed 59 trawls at 19 patch stations and 40 background stations. The design performed well logistically, and Pacific ocean perch (POP) accounted for 55% of the 31 metric tons (t) of the catch from this survey. The resulting estimates of rockfish biomass were slightly less precise than estimates from simple random sampling. This difference in precision was due to the weak relationship of CPUE to mean volume backscattering and the relatively low variability of POP CPUE encountered. When the data were re-analyzed with a higher acoustic threshold than the one used in the field study, performance was slightly better with this revised design than with the original field design. The TAPAS design could be made more effective by establishing a stronger link between acoustic backscatter and CPUE and by deriving an acoustic threshold that allows better identification of backscatter as that from the target species. C1 [Hanselman, Dana H.] NOAA, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Marine Ecol & Stock Assessment Program, Auke Bay Labs,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,NMFS, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McKelvey, Denise R.; Martin, Michael H.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hanselman, DH (reprint author), NOAA, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Marine Ecol & Stock Assessment Program, Auke Bay Labs,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,NMFS, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM dana.hanselman@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [809]; NPRB FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB), project 809, and we are grateful to the NPRB for support of this project. We thank the crew of the FV Sea Storm, B. Van Winkle, and C. Conrath for excellent fieldwork. We thank the 3 anonymous reviewers who helped to greatly improve the manuscript. We also thank P. Hulson and T. Quinn for helpful discussions, K. Shotwell for GIS support, and G. Fleischer and D. King for their logistical support of this project. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 110 IS 4 BP 379 EP 396 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030HM UT WOS:000310561700001 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, LS Denson, MR AF Lefebvre, Lyndsey S. Denson, Michael R. TI Inshore spawning of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in South Carolina SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; CYNOSCION-NEBULOSUS; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTHERN GULF; UNITED-STATES; MARINE FISH AB We documented inshore spawning of the recreationally important cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in Port Royal Sound (PRS) and St. Helena Sound (SHS), South Carolina, during the period from April to June in both 2007 and 2008. Histological analysis of ovaries confirmed the presence of actively spawning females inshore, and gonadosomatic index (GSI) values from females collected inshore (mean=7.8) were higher than the values from females caught offshore (mean=5.6); both of these mean values indicate that spawning occurred locally. Additionally, we conducted an ichthyoplankton survey in 2008 and found cobia eggs and larvae as far as 10 and 15 km inshore from the mouths of SHS and PRS, respectively. A study of egg development that we conducted in 2007 and 2008 using hatchery-reared cobia eggs provided descriptions of embryological development of cobia. Comparison of visual and quantitative characteristics of the field-collected eggs with those of the hatchery-reared eggs allowed positive identification of eggs collected in plankton samples. The ages of field-collected eggs and presence of females with hydrated oocytes in PRS and SHS observed in our ichthyoplankton survey and histological analysis indicated that wild cobia spawn in the afternoon and early evening. The inshore migration of cobia from April to June, the presence of actively spawning females, significantly higher GSI values, and the collection of eggs inside PRS and SHS all confirm that these estuaries provide spawning habitat for cobia. Because of the potential for heavy exploitation by recreational anglers as cobia move inshore to spawn in South Carolina, current management strategies may require review. C1 [Lefebvre, Lyndsey S.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Denson, Michael R.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Lefebvre, LS (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lyndsey.lefebvre@noaa.gov FU SCDNR FX We thank B. Roumillat of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR), for his guidance developing the histology criteria and staging of ovarian samples, and J. Olney of the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences (VIMS), for his help with design of, equipment for, and sorting of samples collected during the ichthyoplankton survey. We also thank members of the Estuarine Finfish Research Group at SCDNR who helped with data collection (J. Yost, M. Perkinson, and B. Renkas); P. Crewe (VIMS) and N. Sturgeon (College of Charleston) for sorting assistance; A. Williams and L. DiJoy (SCDNR) for providing second readings on histology slides; D. Knott (SCDNR) for providing sorting space; and C. Battey (NOAA) and K. Brenkert (SCDNR) for larval husbandry support. T. Darden, J. Leffler, and T. Smart (SCDNR), as well as 3 anonymous reviewers, provided helpful suggestions on the manuscript. This project was funded by the SCDNR. This article is contribution no. 386 of the Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, and contribution no. 693 of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 110 IS 4 BP 397 EP 412 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030HM UT WOS:000310561700002 ER PT J AU Fitzhugh, GR Shertzer, KW Kellison, GT Wyanski, DM AF Fitzhugh, Gary R. Shertzer, Kyle W. Kellison, G. Todd Wyanski, David M. TI Review of size- and age-dependence in batch spawning: implications for stock assessment of fish species exhibiting indeterminate fecundity SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; DAILY EGG-PRODUCTION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SARDINA-PILCHARDUS-SARDINA; TROUT CYNOSCION-NEBULOSUS; CENTRAL SOUTHERN CHILE; PACIFIC-OCEAN PERCH AB Most assessments of fish stocks use some measure of the reproductive potential of a population, such as spawning biomass. However, the correlation between spawning biomass and reproductive potential is not always strong, and it likely is weakest in the tropics and subtropics, where species tend to exhibit indeterminate fecundity and release eggs in batches over a protracted spawning season. In such cases, computing annual reproductive output requires estimates of batch fecundity and the annual number of batches the latter subject to spawning frequency and duration of spawning season. Batch fecundity is commonly measured by age (or size), but these other variables are not. Without the relevant data, the annual number of batches is assumed to be invariant across age. We reviewed the literature and found that this default assumption lacks empirical support because both spawning duration and spawning frequency generally increase with age or size. We demonstrate effects of this assumption on measures of reproductive value and spawning potential ratio, a metric commonly used to gauge stock status. Model applications showed substantial sensitivity to age dependence in the annual number of batches. If the annual number of batches increases with age but is incorrectly assumed to be constant, stock assessment models would tend to overestimate the biological reference points used for setting harvest rates. This study underscores the need to better understand the age- or size-dependent contrast in the annual number of batches, and we conclude that, for species without evidence to support invariance, the default assumption should be replaced with one that accounts for age- or size-dependence. C1 [Fitzhugh, Gary R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Kellison, G. Todd] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Wyanski, David M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Fitzhugh, GR (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM gary.fitzhugh@noaa.gov FU NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX The authors are grateful for support from the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center. Constructive comments on the manuscript were provided by J. Potts, A. Schueller, E. Williams, S. Lowerre-Barbieri, and anonymous reviewers. NR 105 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 110 IS 4 BP 413 EP 425 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030HM UT WOS:000310561700003 ER PT J AU Weitkamp, LA Bentley, PJ Litz, MNC AF Weitkamp, Laurie A. Bentley, Paul J. Litz, Marisa N. C. TI Seasonal and interannual variation in juvenile salmonids and associated fish assemblage in open waters of the lower Columbia River estuary SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; CHINOOK SALMON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PACIFIC SALMON; AMERICAN SHAD; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SPECIES COMPOSITION; FORAGING PATTERNS; WILLAMETTE RIVER; CASPIAN TERNS AB The transition between freshwater and marine environments is associated with high mortality for juvenile anadromous salmonids, yet little is known about this critical period in many large rivers. To address this deficiency, we investigated the estuarine ecology of juvenile salmonids and their associated fish assemblage in open-water habitats of the lower Columbia River estuary during spring of 2007-10. For coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), sockeye (O. nerka), chum (O. keta), and yearling (age 1.0) Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon, and steelhead (O. mykiss), we observed a consistent seasonal pattern characterized by extremely low abundances in mid-April, maximum abundances in May, and near absence by late June. Subyearling (age 0.0) Chinook salmon were most abundant in late June. Although we observed interannual variation in the presence, abundance, and size of juvenile salmonids, no single year was exceptional across all species-and-age classes. We estimated that >90% of juvenile Chinook and coho salmon and steelhead were of hatchery origin, a rate higher than previously reported. In contrast to juvenile salmonids, the abundance and composition of the greater estuarine fish assemblage, of which juvenile salmon were minor members, were extremely variable and likely responding to dynamic physical conditions in the estuary. Comparisons with studies conducted 3 decades earlier suggest striking changes in the estuarine fish assemblage changes that have unknown but potentially important consequences for juvenile salmon in the Columbia River estuary. C1 [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bentley, Paul J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Point Adams Res Stn, Fish Ecol Div, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Litz, Marisa N. C.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Newport Res Stn, 2032 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Bonneville Power Administration FX This research was conducted under Oregon Scientific Research Permits OR2007-3920, OR2008-3265, 14480, and 15374, and NOAA Fisheries Service ESA Permit 1290-6M. This work was only possible with an exceptional field crew, including C. Johnson, T. Sandel, P. Peterson, A. Claiborne, and A. Claxton, and boat operators C. Taylor, B. Kelly, and R. Nelson. B. Emmett, S. Hinton, and G. McCabe developed the original idea for this study and provided considerable insight and guidance. This study was funded by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and Bonneville Power Administration. The manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments provided by R. Gustafson, D. Bottom, M. Ford, and J. Kocik. NR 82 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 34 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 110 IS 4 BP 426 EP 450 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030HM UT WOS:000310561700004 ER PT J AU Xu, C Gharavi, H AF Xu, Chong Gharavi, Hamid TI A Low-Complexity Solution to Decode Diversity-Oriented Block Codes in MIMO Systems with Inter-Symbol Interference SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO); Inter-symbol Interference (ISI); Time-Reversed Space-Time Block Code (TR-STBC); Linear Dispersion Code (LDC); asynchronous cooperative transmission; tree-search detection algorithm; sphere decoding algorithm; Viterbi Algorithm (VA); Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm ID CHANNELS; ALGORITHM; SPACE; TIME; SCHEME AB In this paper we first propose a block-code based general model to combat the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) caused by frequency selective channels in a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system and/or by asynchronous cooperative transmissions. The general model is not only exemplified by the Time-Reversed Space-Time Block Code (TR-STBC) scheme, but also by the Asynchronous Cooperative Liner Dispersion Codes (ACLDC) scheme. In these schemes a guard interval has to be inserted between adjacent transmission blocks to mitigate the effect of ISI. Consequently, this could degrade the effective symbol rate for a small block size. A larger block size would enhance the effective symbol rate and also substantially increase the decoding complexity. In the general model proposed in this paper, we further present a novel low-complexity breadth-adjustable tree-search algorithm and compare it with Sphere-Decoding (SD) based algorithms. With simulation results we will illustrate that our algorithm is able to achieve the optimal performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) with a complexity much lower than the SD-based algorithms, whether the ACLDC or TR-STBC scheme is employed. Through simulations we further demonstrate that when the block size of the ACLDC is equivalent to 20, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is only a fraction of 10(-8) that of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm. This would allow us to practically enhance the effective symbol rate without any performance degradation. C1 [Xu, Chong; Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chong.xu@nist.gov; hamid.gharavi@nist.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 11 IS 10 BP 3574 EP 3587 DI 10.1109/TWC.2012.081612.111819 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 027GO UT WOS:000310340400017 ER PT J AU Sosa, MX Sivakumar, IKA Maragh, S Veeramachaneni, V Hariharan, R Parulekar, M Fredrikson, KM Harkins, TT Lin, J Feldman, AB Tata, P Ehret, GB Chakravarti, A AF Sosa, Maria Ximena Sivakumar, I. K. Ashok Maragh, Samantha Veeramachaneni, Vamsi Hariharan, Ramesh Parulekar, Minothi Fredrikson, Karin M. Harkins, Timothy T. Lin, Jeffrey Feldman, Andrew B. Tata, Pramila Ehret, Georg B. Chakravarti, Aravinda TI Next-Generation Sequencing of Human Mitochondrial Reference Genomes Uncovers High Heteroplasmy Frequency SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL INHERITANCE; DNA MUTATIONS; D-LOOP; MTDNA; MICROARRAY; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; DATABASE; DISEASE; MITOMAP AB We describe methods for rapid sequencing of the entire human mitochondrial genome (mtgenome), which involve long-range PCR for specific amplification of the mtgenome, pyrosequencing, quantitative mapping of sequence reads to identify sequence variants and heteroplasmy, as well as de novo sequence assembly. These methods have been used to study 40 publicly available HapMap samples of European (CEU) and African (YRI) ancestry to demonstrate a sequencing error rate, <5.63X10(-4), nucleotide diversity of 1.6x10(-3) for CEU and 3.7x10(-3) for YRI, patterns of sequence variation consistent with earlier studies, but a higher rate of heteroplasmy varying between 10% and 50%. These results demonstrate that next-generation sequencing technologies allow interrogation of the mitochondrial genome in greater depth than previously possible which may be of value in biology and medicine. C1 [Sosa, Maria Ximena; Sivakumar, I. K. Ashok; Maragh, Samantha; Ehret, Georg B.; Chakravarti, Aravinda] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sivakumar, I. K. Ashok; Lin, Jeffrey; Feldman, Andrew B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Maragh, Samantha] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Veeramachaneni, Vamsi; Hariharan, Ramesh; Parulekar, Minothi; Tata, Pramila] Strand Life Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Fredrikson, Karin M.; Harkins, Timothy T.] Roche Diagnost, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Harkins, Timothy T.] Life Technol, Beverly, MA USA. RP Sosa, MX (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD USA. EM aravinda@jhmi.edu RI EHRET, Georg/A-9532-2009 OI EHRET, Georg/0000-0002-5730-0675 NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 8 IS 10 AR e1002737 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002737 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 030KE UT WOS:000310568800033 PM 23133345 ER PT J AU O'Toole, AJ An, XB Dunlop, J Natu, V Phillips, PJ AF O'Toole, Alice J. An, Xiaobo Dunlop, Joseph Natu, Vaidehi Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Comparing Face Recognition Algorithms to Humans on Challenging Tasks SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED PERCEPTION LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Human Factors; Verification; Experimentation; Face recognition; human-machine comparisons ID UNFAMILIAR FACES; FAMILIAR FACES; ILLUMINATION; PERCEPTION; DIRECTION AB We compared face identification by humans and machines using images taken under a variety of uncontrolled illumination conditions in both indoor and outdoor settings. Natural variations in a person's day-to-day appearance (e.g., hair style, facial expression, hats, glasses, etc.) contributed to the difficulty of the task. Both humans and machines matched the identity of people (same or different) in pairs of frontal view face images. The degree of difficulty introduced by photometric and appearance-based variability was estimated using a face recognition algorithm created by fusing three top-performing algorithms from a recent international competition. The algorithm computed similarity scores for a constant set of same-identity and different-identity pairings from multiple images. Image pairs were assigned to good, moderate, and poor accuracy groups by ranking the similarity scores for each identity pairing, and dividing these rankings into three strata. This procedure isolated the role of photometric variables from the effects of the distinctiveness of particular identities. Algorithm performance for these constant identity pairings varied dramatically across the groups. In a series of experiments, humans matched image pairs from the good, moderate, and poor conditions, rating the likelihood that the images were of the same person (1: sure same -5: sure different). Algorithms were more accurate than humans in the good and moderate conditions, but were comparable to humans in the poor accuracy condition. To date, these are the most variable illumination-and appearance-based recognition conditions on which humans and machines have been compared. The finding that machines were never less accurate than humans on these challenging frontal images suggests that face recognition systems may be ready for applications with comparable difficulty. We speculate that the superiority of algorithms over humans in the less challenging conditions may be due to the algorithms' use of detailed, view-specific identity information. Humans may consider this information less important due to its limited potential for robust generalization in suboptimal viewing conditions. C1 [O'Toole, Alice J.; An, Xiaobo; Dunlop, Joseph] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Toole, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, GR4-1, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM otoole@utdallas.edu; jonathon@nist.gov FU Technical Support Working Group of the Department of Defense, USA; Federal Bureau of Investigation FX This work was supported by funding from the Technical Support Working Group of the Department of Defense, USA. P.J. Phillips was supported in part by funding from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by NIST. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1544-3558 J9 ACM T APPL PERCEPT JI ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 AR 16 DI 10.1145/2355598.2355599 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 025DJ UT WOS:000310164900001 ER PT J AU Burton, ML Potts, JC Carr, DR AF Burton, Michael L. Potts, Jennifer C. Carr, Daniel R. TI AGE, GROWTH, AND NATURAL MORTALITY OF ROCK HIND, EPINEPHELLIS ADSCENSIONIS, FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CAROLINA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SHORE FISHES; REEF FISHES; SERRANIDAE; ISLAND AB Rock hind, Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765), sampled from commercial and recreational fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico from 1991 to 2009 (n = 367), were aged by counting opaque bands on sectioned sagittal otoliths. Analysis of otolith edge type (opaque or translucent) revealed that annuli formed January-June, peaking in April and May. Estimated maximum age for rock hind was 33 yrs. Mean observed sizes at ages 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 yrs were 291, 320, 352, 391, and 417 mm total length (L), respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth equation for rock hind was L-t = 428 (1 - e(t)((-0.07() + (13.77)))) when the model was allowed to optimize all parameters, and L-t = 375 (1 - e((-0.35(t) (+ 0.5)))) when to was fixed at -0.5. The weight-length relation for rock hind was W = 1.394 x 10(-5) L-3.033, where W = whole weight in grams. Based on modal distribution, rock hind from the eastern Gulf of Mexico were larger and older than those from the western gulf; however, mean size-at-age was not significantly different. C1 [Burton, Michael L.; Potts, Jennifer C.; Carr, Daniel R.] NOAA Fisheries, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Burton, ML (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Michael.Burton@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 88 IS 4 BP 903 EP 917 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1102 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 024JT UT WOS:000310106200006 ER PT J AU Adamski, KM Buckel, JA Martin, GB Ahrenholz, DW Hare, JA AF Adamski, Kyle M. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Martin, Gretchen Bath Ahrenholz, Dean W. Hare, Jonathan A. TI FERTILIZATION DATES, PELAGIC LARVAL DURATIONS, AND GROWTH IN GAG (MYCTEROPERCA MICROLEPIS) FROM NORTH CAROLINA, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; JUVENILE GAG; BEAUFORT INLET; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; SEX-RATIO; SIZE; SERRANIDAE AB We estimated pelagic larval duration (PLD) and age from the otolith microstructure of post-larval and juvenile gag, Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode and Bean, 1879). These estimates were used to: (1) estimate spawning periods; (2) evaluate lunar periodicity in spawning; (3) assess relationships between PLD and fertilization date, ingress date, capture date, and size at capture; and (4) compare juvenile growth rates in two consecutive years and with rates determined in previous studies. Postlarval and juvenile gag were collected from late spring to early fall of 2007 and 2008 using a variety of gear types; otoliths from postlarvae collected in previous years were also examined. Estimated fertilization dates ranged from February to April with concentrations aligned with the first and third quarters of the lunar cycle. The mean PLD was approximately 45 d for fish collected as postlarvae or juveniles despite a 6 mo range of collection dates (April-September). The distributions of PLDs were similar among sampling months suggesting no effect of PLD on subsequent survival. Although there was no relationship between PLD and date of ingress, PLD was shorter for fish with later fertilization dates. Juvenile growth rates derived from length and estimated ages were approximately 1.4 mm d(-1) during summer months and did not differ between years. Our findings support the timing (January-April) of fishing closures on aggregations of spawning gag in the southeast US and suggest that post-settlement survival is not linked to PLD. C1 [Adamski, Kyle M.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Martin, Gretchen Bath] Gulf & SE Oceans Program, Environm Def Fund, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Ahrenholz, Dean W.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Naragansett, RI 02818 USA. RP Buckel, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM jeffrey_buckel@ncsu.edu FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE); North Carolina Sea Grant [E/GS-6, A/EA-22B] FX We thank the assistance in bridgenet sampling and juvenile collections, especially A Stephenson, T Averett, M Fox, and the commercial channel net fishermen B Thompson and E Willis. C Chambers, J Hightower, K Pollock, M Burton, J Morris, and three anonymous referees reviewed earlier versions of this manuscript. This study was funded by NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) and North Carolina Sea Grant (E/GS-6 and A/EA-22B). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 88 IS 4 BP 971 EP 986 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1003 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 024JT UT WOS:000310106200009 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Ruttenberg, BI Waara, R Miller, J Witcher, B Estep, AJ Patterson, M AF Brandt, Marilyn E. Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. Waara, Rob Miller, Jeff Witcher, Brian Estep, Andrew J. Patterson, Matt TI DYNAMICS OF AN ACUTE CORAL DISEASE OUTBREAK ASSOCIATED WITH THE MACROALGAE DICTYOTA SPP. IN DRY TORTUGAS NATIONAL PARK, FLORIDA, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; PLAGUE TYPE-II; MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; CARIBBEAN REEF; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; ECOLOGY; ALGAE; COMMUNITIES; MORTALITY; DRIVERS AB Reports of coral disease outbreaks have increased in recent decades, but often few details are known about these outbreaks, such as environmental triggers, associated biological variables, or even the precise temporal span of the outbreak. Here we document an acute outbreak of a rapid tissue loss disease on the highest live coral cover (15%-30%) reefs within Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA. This disease exhibited similar signs to white plague disease with the notable exception that a white film often was observed on the recently denuded skeleton. The temporal span of the disease was short (<2 mo). Partial mortality was recorded but there was no detectable impact to overall coral cover. A significant increase and then decrease in the cover of macroalgae, primarily of the genus Dictyota, occurred simultaneously with the increase and drop in disease lesion density (number of lesions per living tissue area), respectively. No other anomalous biological or physical factors (e.g., unusual temperature, turbidity, passage of storms) corresponded with the outbreak, although it is likely that some environmental anomaly that was undetectable with the methods employed favored both disease and Dictyota expansion. This is the first study to associate a rapid increase in a macroalgal population with a coral disease outbreak. We highlight the need for increased study of the initiation of such outbreaks in the Caribbean. C1 [Brandt, Marilyn E.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Waara, Rob; Witcher, Brian; Patterson, Matt] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. [Miller, Jeff; Estep, Andrew J.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. EM mbrandt@uvi.edu RI Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 30 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1050 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1104 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 024JT UT WOS:000310106200013 ER PT J AU Ruttenberg, BI Schofield, PJ Akins, JL Acosta, A Feeley, MW Blondeau, J Smith, SG Ault, JS AF Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. Schofield, Pamela J. Akins, J. Lad Acosta, Alejandro Feeley, Michael W. Blondeau, Jeremiah Smith, Steven G. Ault, Jerald S. TI RAPID INVASION OF INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISHES (PTEROIS VOLITANS AND PTEROIS MILES) IN THE FLORIDA KEYS, USA: EVIDENCE FROM MULTIPLE PRE- AND POST-INVASION DATA SETS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BAHAMIAN CORAL-REEFS; NORTH-AMERICA; PATTERNS; UPDATE; COAST AB Over the past decade, Indo-Pacific lionfishes, Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828), venomous members of the scorpionfish family (Scorpaenidae), have invaded and spread throughout much of the tropical and subtropical northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. These species are generalist predators of fishes and invertebrates with the potential to disrupt the ecology of the invaded range. Lionfishes have been present in low numbers along the east coast of Florida since the 1980s, but were not reported in the Florida Keys until 2009. We document the appearance and rapid spread of lionfishes in the Florida Keys using multiple long-term data sets that include both pre- and post-invasion sampling. Our results are the first to quantify the invasion of lionfishes in a new area using multiple independent, ongoing monitoring data sets, two of which have explicit estimates of sampling effort. Between 2009 and 2011, lion fish frequency of occurrence, abundance, and biomass increased rapidly, increasing three- to six-fold between 2010 and 2011 alone. In addition, individuals were detected on a variety of reef and non-reef habitats throughout the Florida Keys. Because lionfish occurrence, abundance, and impacts are expected to continue to increase throughout the region, monitoring programs like those used in this study will be essential to document ecosystem changes that may result from this invasion. C1 [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.; Blondeau, Jeremiah] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Akins, J. Lad] REEF, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Acosta, Alejandro] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish Wildlife Res Inst, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. [Feeley, Michael W.] Natl Pk Serv, S Florida & Caribbean Network, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. [Smith, Steven G.; Ault, Jerald S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ruttenberg, BI (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM benjamin.ruttenberg@noaa.gov RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008; Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007; FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; National Park Service; NOAA Southeast Fishery Science Center; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Reef Environmental and Educational Foundation (REEF); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4); US Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program FX We thank the dozens of divers and hundreds of people who conducted RVC and REEF surveys and sent lionfish reports to the USGS database. This research would have been impossible without their efforts. We are especially grateful to P Barbera, B Binder, M Dancy, A Estep, A Davis, D Gothan, J Javech, A Johnson, L Jones, D McClellan, D Morley, L Richter, J Simonds, W Sympson, M Tellier, and R Waara for the many hours spent monitoring reef fish communities in the field, to A Benson, D Gregoire, A Johnson, C Pattengill-Semmens, S Smith, B Witcher, and N Zurcher for database management, and to J Bohnsack, J Serafy, and many of the above-mentioned people for helpful guidance and discussions. This work was supported in part by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the National Park Service, the NOAA Southeast Fishery Science Center, the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, the Reef Environmental and Educational Foundation (REEF), US Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4) and the US Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 141 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1059 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1108 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 024JT UT WOS:000310106200014 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DW Clark, DA Wilson, FW Cook, L AF Reynolds, David W. Clark, David A. Wilson, F. Wesley Cook, Lara TI FORECAST-BASED DECISION SUPPORT FOR SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT A NextGen Prototype System That Improves Operations during Summer Stratus Season SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A FORECAST-BASED DECISION SUPPORT FOR SAN FRANCISCO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT: A NEXTGEN PROTOTYPE SYSTEM THAT IMPROVES OPERATIONS DURING SUMMER STRATUS SEASON During summer, marine stratus encroaches into the approach to San Francisco International Airport (SFO) bringing low ceilings. Low ceilings restrict landings and result in a high number of arrival delays, thus impacting the National Air Space (NAS). These delays are managed by implementation of ground delay programs (GDPs), which hold traffic on the ground at origination airports in anticipation of insufficient arrival capacity at SFO. In an effort to reduce delays and improve both airport and NAS efficiency, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) funded a research effort begun in 1995 to develop an objective decision support system to aid forecasters in the prediction of stratus clearing times. By improving forecasts at this major airport, the scope and duration of ground and airborne holds can be reduced. The Marine Stratus Forecast System (MSFS) issues forecasts both deterministically and probabilistically. Following transition to NWS operations in 2004, the system continued to provide reliable forecasts but showed no significant improvement in delay reduction. Changes to the FAA GDP issuance procedures in 2008 allowed them to utilize the improved forecasts, leading to quantifiable reductions in ground and airborne holds for SFO equating to dollars saved. To further reduce delays, a refined statistically based model, the Ground Delay Parameters Selection Model (GPSM) for selecting an optimal ground delay strategy has been developed, utilizing the available archive of objective MSFS probabilistic forecasts and accompanying traffic flow data. This effort represents one of the first systematic attempts to integrate objective probabilistic weather information into the air traffic flow decision process, which is a cornerstone element of the FAA's visionary NextGen program. C1 [Reynolds, David W.] Natl Weather Serv, Monterey, CA USA. [Clark, David A.; Wilson, F. Wesley] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Wilson, F. Wesley] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cook, Lara] Mosa ATM Inc, Leesburg, VA USA. RP Reynolds, DW (reprint author), 304 Mar Vista Dr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM david.reynolds@noaa.gov FU Federal Aviation Administration under Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002]; Aviation Services Branch of the National Weather Service; NASA Ames Research Center; FAA System Operations Programs FX The MSFS work was sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. Key contributing organizations were MIT Lincoln Laboratory, San Jose State University, the. University of Quebec at Montreal, and the NWS CWSU at Oakland Center.; Since 2004, the Aviation Services Branch of the National Weather Service has funded the operation of the MSFS. The GPSM development work was performed by Mosaic ATM, Inc., funded by NASA Ames Research Center and the FAA System Operations Programs. The Marine Meteorology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California, provides the visible satellite imagery for use in MSFS. Special thanks go to Chris Stumpf, with the Student Cooperative Employment Program (SCEP) at NWS Monterey, for preparing several of the figures dealing with forecast verification. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their careful review and thoughtful comments. This has greatly improved the paper. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1503 EP 1518 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00038.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000310101100010 ER PT J AU Fishman, J Iraci, LT Al-Saadi, J Chance, K Chavez, F Chin, M Coble, P Davis, C DiGiacomo, PM Edwards, D Eldering, A Goes, J Herman, J Hu, C Jacob, DJ Jordan, C Kawa, SR Key, R Liu, X Lohrenz, S Mannino, A Natraj, V Neil, D Neu, J Newchurch, M Pickering, K Salisbury, J Sosik, H Subramaniam, A Tzortziou, M Wang, J Wang, M AF Fishman, J. Iraci, L. T. Al-Saadi, J. Chance, K. Chavez, F. Chin, M. Coble, P. Davis, C. DiGiacomo, P. M. Edwards, D. Eldering, A. Goes, J. Herman, J. Hu, C. Jacob, D. J. Jordan, C. Kawa, S. R. Key, R. Liu, X. Lohrenz, S. Mannino, A. Natraj, V. Neil, D. Neu, J. Newchurch, M. Pickering, K. Salisbury, J. Sosik, H. Subramaniam, A. Tzortziou, M. Wang, J. Wang, M. TI THE UNITED STATES' NEXT GENERATION OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MEASUREMENTS NASA's Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Mission SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; URBAN OZONE; OCEAN; AEROSOL; SPACE AB THE UNITED STATES' NEXT GENERATION OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MEASUREMENTS: NASA'S GEOSTATIONARY COASTAL AND AIR POLLUTION EVENTS (GEO-CAPE) MISSION The Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission was recommended by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Earth Science Decadal Survey to measure tropospheric trace gases and aerosols' and coastal ocean phytoplankton, water quality, and biogeochemistry from geostationary orbit, providing continuous observations within the field of view. To fulfill the mandate and address the challenge put forth by the NRC, two GEO-CAPE Science Working Groups (SWGs), representing the atmospheric composition and ocean color disciplines, have developed realistic science objectives using input drawn from several community workshops. The GEO-CAPE mission will take advantage of this revolutionary advance in temporal frequency for both of these disciplines. Multiple observations per day are required to explore the physical, chemical, and dynamical processes that determine tropospheric composition and air quality over spatial scales ranging from urban to continental, and over temporal scales ranging from diurnal to seasonal. Likewise, high-frequency satellite Observations are critical to studying and quantifying biological, chemical, and physical processes within the coastal ocean. These observations are to be achieved from a vantage point near 95 degrees-100 degrees W, providing a complete view of North America as well as the adjacent oceans. The SWGs have also endorsed the concept of phased implementation using commercial satellites to reduce mission risk and cost. GEO-CAPE will join the global constellation. of geostationary atmospheric chemistry and coastal ocean color sensors planned to be in orbit in the 2020 time frame. C1 [Fishman, J.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Iraci, L. T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Al-Saadi, J.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Al-Saadi, J.; Neil, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chance, K.; Liu, X.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chavez, F.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Chin, M.; Herman, J.; Kawa, S. R.; Mannino, A.; Pickering, K.; Tzortziou, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tzortziou, M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Coble, P.; Hu, C.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Davis, C.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [DiGiacomo, P. M.; Wang, M.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [DiGiacomo, P. M.; Wang, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Eldering, A.; Key, R.; Natraj, V.; Neu, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Goes, J.; Subramaniam, A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jordan, C.; Salisbury, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lohrenz, S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Newchurch, M.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Sosik, H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Wang, J.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Fishman, J (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 300-F ONeil Hall,3642 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM jfishma2@slu.edu RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Herman, Jay/0000-0002-9146-1632; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Subramaniam, Ajit/0000-0003-1316-5827; Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975; Sosik, Heidi/0000-0002-4591-2842 FU Earth Science Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Funding for GEO-CAPE definition activities is provided by the Earth Science Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Portions of this work were carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Contributions to this work were made by the GEO-CAPE Atmospheric Science Working Group: J. Al-Saadi, K. Bowman, K. Chance, R. Chatfield, M. Chin, R. Cohen, J. Crawford D. Edwards, A. Eldering, J. Fishman, D. Henze, L. Iraci, D.J. Jacob, K. Jucks, S. R. Kawa, S. Kondragunta, N. Krotkov, X. Liu, C. McLinden, V. Natraj, D. Neil, J. Neu, M. Newchurch, K. Pickering, R. Pierce, R. Pinder, J. Rodriguez, S. Sander, R. Scheffe, R. Spurr, J. Szykman, O. Torres, J. Wang, J. Worden and the GEO-CAPE Ocean Science Working Group: J. Al-Saadi, B. Arnone, W. Balch, P. Bontempi, J. Campbell, J. Chaves, F. Chavez, P. Coble, C. Davis, C. del Castillo, P.M. DiGiacomo, J. Goes, J. Herman, S. Hooker, C. Hu, L. Iraci, C. Jordan, Z. P. Lee, S. Lohrenz, A. Mannino, P. Matrai, C. McClain, R. Morrison, C. Mouw, F. Muller-Karger, A. Neeley, J. Salisbury, B. Schaeffer, H. Sosik, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, G. Toro-Farmer, O. Torres, M. Tzortziou, M. Wang, J. Werdell, C. Wilson. NR 80 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1547 EP 1566 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00201.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024HU UT WOS:000310101100013 ER PT J AU Cessna, JT AF Cessna, J. T. TI Comparison of Response of Radionuclide Calibrators to Yttrium-90 in 10-mL Dose Vial SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine (EANM) CY OCT 27-31, 2012 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Assoc Nucl Med (EANM) C1 [Cessna, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD OCT PY 2012 VL 39 SU 2 MA P0796 BP S529 EP S529 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 019GW UT WOS:000309726603126 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Pibida, L King, L Bergeron, DE Mille, MM Palm, SH AF Zimmerman, B. E. Pibida, L. King, L. Bergeron, D. E. Mille, M. M. Palm, S. H. TI Calibration of Traceable Solid Mock I-131 Phantoms Used in an International SPECT Image Quantification Comparison SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine (EANM) CY OCT 27-31, 2012 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Assoc Nucl Med (EANM) C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.; Pibida, L.; King, L.; Bergeron, D. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mille, M. M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. [Palm, S. H.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD OCT PY 2012 VL 39 SU 2 MA P0241 BP S394 EP S395 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 019GW UT WOS:000309726602043 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Wicker, LJ Wang, XG AF Thompson, Therese E. Wicker, Louis J. Wang, Xuguang TI Impact from a Volumetric Radar-Sampling Operator for Radial Velocity Observations within EnKF Supercell Assimilation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; PART I; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; CONVECTIVE STORM; CLOUD MODEL; REFLECTIVITY; THUNDERSTORM; ELECTRIFICATION AB Maximizing the accuracy of ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) radar data assimilation requires that the observation operator sample the model state in the same manner that the radar sampled the atmosphere. It may therefore be desirable to include volume averaging and power weighting in the observation operator. This study examines the impact of including radar-sampling effects in the Doppler velocity observation operator on EnKF analyses and forecasts. Locally substantial differences are found between a simple point operator and a realistic radar-sampling operator when they are applied to the model state at a single time. However, assimilation results indicate that the radar-sampling operator does not substantially improve the EnKF analyses or forecasts, and it greatly increases the computational cost of the data assimilation. C1 [Thompson, Therese E.; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wicker, Louis J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM terra.thompson@noaa.gov RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Ladwig, Therese/N-3272-2014 OI Ladwig, Therese/0000-0002-0950-274X FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Corey Potvin and Bill Ladwig for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1417 EP 1427 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00088.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 026EJ UT WOS:000310256800001 ER PT J AU Williams, CR AF Williams, Christopher R. TI Vertical Air Motion Retrieved from Dual-Frequency Profiler Observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR WIND PROFILER; GABOR-FRAME-EXPANSION; DOPPLER RADAR; PRECIPITATION; SPECTRA; SIGNALS; UHF AB The 50-MHz profiler operating near Darwin, Northwest Territory, Australia, is sensitive to both turbulent clear-air (Bragg) and hydrometeor (Rayleigh) scattering processes. Below the radar bright band, the two scattering peaks are observed as two well-separated peaks in the Doppler velocity spectra. The Bragg scattering peak corresponds to the vertical air motion and the Rayleigh scattering peak corresponds to the hydrometeor motion. Within the radar bright band, the Rayleigh scattering peak intensity increases and the downward velocity decreases causing the hydrometeor peak to overlap or merge with the air motion peak. If the overlap of the two peaks is not taken into account, then the vertical air motion estimate will be biased downward. This study describes a filtering procedure that identifies and removes the downward bias in vertical air motions caused by hydrometeor contamination. This procedure uses a second collocated profiler sensitive to hydrometeor motion to identify contamination in the 50-MHz profiler spectra. When applied to four rain events during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TPW-ICE), this dual-frequency filtering method showed that approximately 50% of the single-frequency method vertical air motion estimates within the radar bright band were biased downward due to hydrometeor contamination. C1 [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christopher.williams@colorado.edu RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) Grant [NNX10AM54G] FX Support for this work was provided by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) Grant NNX10AM54G. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1471 EP 1480 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00176.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 026EJ UT WOS:000310256800005 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Arkin, PA Ren, L Shen, SSP AF Smith, Thomas M. Arkin, Phillip A. Ren, Li Shen, Samuel S. P. TI Improved Reconstruction of Global Precipitation since 1900 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; RAINFALL; PACIFIC; DATASET; CYCLE AB An improved land ocean global monthly precipitation anomaly reconstruction is developed for the period beginning in 1900. Reconstructions use the available historical data and statistics developed from the modern satellite-sampled period to analyze variations over the historical presatellite period. This paper documents the latest in a series of precipitation reconstructions developed by the authors. Although the reconstruction principle is still the minimization of mean-squared error, this latest reconstruction includes the following three major improvements over previous reconstructions: (i) an improved method that first produces an annual first guess, which is then adjusted using a monthly increment analysis; (ii) improved use of oceanic observations in the annual first guess using a canonical correlation analysis; and (iii) reinjection of gauge data where those data are available. These improvements allow more confident analyses and evaluations of global precipitation variations over the reconstruction period. Quantitative error estimates for the reconstruction are being developed and will be documented in a later paper. C1 [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.; Arkin, Phillip A.; Ren, Li] Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shen, Samuel S. P.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NOAA NESDIS SCSB, 5825 Univ Res CT,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Ren, Li/J-4885-2014; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1015926, AGS-1015957]; U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [EL133E09SE4048]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0002763]; Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-1015926. Shen was also supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-1015957, a U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant EL133E09SE4048, and a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Grant DE-SC0002763. This research was also supported in part by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their many helpful suggestions and encouragement. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1505 EP 1517 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00001.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 026EJ UT WOS:000310256800008 ER PT J AU Lance, S AF Lance, Sara TI Coincidence Errors in a Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) and a Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), and the Improved Performance of a Modified CDP SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE FORMATION; CLIMATE; CUMULUS; NUMBER; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS; ATMOSPHERE; LIQUID; GROWTH; ACID AB Central to the aerosol indirect effect on climate is the relationship between cloud droplet concentrations N-d and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. There are valid reasons to expect a sublinear relationship between measured N-d and CCN, and such relationships have been observed for clouds in a variety of locations. However, a measurement artifact known as "coincidence" can also produce a sublinear trend. The current paper shows that two commonly used instruments, the cloud droplet probe (CDP) and the cloud and aerosol spectrometer (CAS), can be subject to significantly greater coincidence errors than are typically recognized, with an undercounting bias of at least 27% and an oversizing bias of 20%-30% on average at N-d = 500 cm(-3), and with an undercounting bias of as much as 44% at N-d = 1000 cm(-3). This type of systematic error may have serious implications for interpretation of in situ cloud observations. It is shown that a simple optical modification of the CDP dramatically reduces oversizing and undercounting biases due to coincidence. Guidance is provided for diagnosing coincidence errors in CAS and CDP instruments. C1 [Lance, Sara] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Lance, Sara] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lance, S (reprint author), David Skaggs Res Ctr, 325 Broadway,Mailstop R CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sara.m.lance@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) climate and air quality programs. Thanks to DMT for their laboratory support in modifying the CDP. Thanks to Jorge Delgado and the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center for allowing use of their equipment and for technical support in the field. Special thanks to Charles Brock and Jan Kazil for helpful advice and editing of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1532 EP 1541 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00208.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 026EJ UT WOS:000310256800010 ER PT J AU Hoffman, MJ Miyoshi, T Haine, TWN Ide, K Brown, CW Murtugudde, R AF Hoffman, Matthew J. Miyoshi, Takemasa Haine, Thomas W. N. Ide, Kayo Brown, Christopher W. Murtugudde, Raghu TI An Advanced Data Assimilation System for the Chesapeake Bay: Performance Evaluation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; PARTIALLY-MIXED ESTUARY; INDUCED DESTRATIFICATION; GLOBAL-MODEL; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; RESOLUTION; STATE AB An advanced data assimilation system, the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), has been interfaced with a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) implementation on the Chesapeake Bay (ChesROMS) as a first step toward a reanalysis and improved forecast system for the Chesapeake Bay. The LETKF is among the most advanced data assimilation methods and is very effective for large, nonlinear dynamical systems with sparse data coverage. Errors in the Chesapeake Bay system are due more to errors in forcing than errors in initial conditions. To account for forcing errors, a forcing ensemble is used to drive the ensemble states for the year 2003. In the observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) using the ChesROMS-LETKF system presented here, the filter converges quickly and greatly reduces the analysis and subsequent forecast errors in the temperature, salinity, and current fields in the presence of errors in wind forcing. Most of the improvement in temperature and currents comes from satellite sea surface temperature (SST), while in situ salinity profiles provide improvement to salinity. Corrections permeate through all vertical levels and some correction to stratification is seen in the analysis. In the upper Bay where the nature-run summer stratification is -0.2 salinity units per meter, stratification is improved from -0.01 per meter in the unassimilated model to -0.16 per meter in the assimilation. Improvements are seen in other parts of the Bay as well. The results from the OSSEs are promising for assimilating real data in the future. C1 [Hoffman, Matthew J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Miyoshi, Takemasa; Ide, Kayo] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Haine, Thomas W. N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ide, Kayo; Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ide, Kayo] Univ Maryland, Ctr Sci Comp & Math Modeling, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ide, Kayo] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Christopher W.] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Hoffman, MJ (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, 85 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM mjhsma@rit.edu RI Miyoshi, Takemasa/C-2768-2009; Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Miyoshi, Takemasa/0000-0003-3160-2525; Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU Glenadore and Howard L. Pim Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University; NSF [CMG-0530844]; ONR [N000140910418, N0001410557] FX The authors thank Jiantao Xu and Wen Long for introducing ChesROMS to the project and helping with forcing fields. Also, thanks to James A. Carton, Ross N. Hoffman, Eugenia Kalnay, and Steven Penny, who provided advice on data assimilation in general and ocean assimilation in particular. Support for this research was provided by the Glenadore and Howard L. Pim Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University, by NSF Ggrant CMG-0530844, and by ONR Grants N000140910418 and N0001410557. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1542 EP 1557 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00126.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 026EJ UT WOS:000310256800011 ER PT J AU Fortune, SME Trites, AW Perryman, WL Moore, MJ Pettis, HM Lynn, MS AF Fortune, Sarah M. E. Trites, Andrew W. Perryman, Wayne L. Moore, Michael J. Pettis, Heather M. Lynn, Morgan S. TI Growth and rapid early development of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Eubalaena glacialis; growth models; length; mass; reproductive costs; right whale ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; LIFE-HISTORY; HARBOR PORPOISES; BODY-SIZE; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; TRADE-OFFS; REPRODUCTION AB Body growth of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) was described from measurements of known-age live and dead individuals to gain insights into the nutritional needs and life-history strategies of this endangered species. Body lengths from 154 individuals revealed that calves more than doubled in size and attained three-fourths of asymptotic adult size by the time they had weaned at 12 months. Calves gained on average similar to 1.7 cm and similar to 34 kg per day while nursing during this extremely rapid growth phase. Mean predicted lengths and body mass were 4.2 m and 1.1 metric tons (mt) at birth, 10.3 m and 13.5 mt at weaning, and 13.6 m and 29.6 mt when fully grown. Growth of right whales was best described using a 2-phased Gompertz growth model and could not be fit using any of the single continuous growth models commonly used for other mammals. Rapid growth during dependency may minimize the risk of predation and maximize calf survival. Rapid calf growth also may maximize development of the mouth and baleen to optimize foraging efficiency of juveniles at the time of weaning, as well as improve reproductive fitness by reducing the age at which sexual maturity is attained. However, transferring the amount of energy needed to support the rapid postnatal growth of North Atlantic right whales may ultimately affect the intervals between pregnancies (>3 years) of mature females. C1 [Fortune, Sarah M. E.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Fortune, Sarah M. E.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Perryman, Wayne L.; Lynn, Morgan S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resource Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Pettis, Heather M.] New England Aquarium, Edgerton Res Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Fortune, SME (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Fisheries Ctr, Room 247,AERL,2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM s.fortune@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Trites, Andrew/K-5648-2012; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Ruth Hiebert Memorial Fellowship FX The identification data we used to age right whales were maintained by the New England Aquarium and provided by the North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium. We are grateful to all of the organizations that have contributed to this database. We are also thankful for the many people who assisted in right whale necropsies in addition to right whale aerial photogrammetry studies over the years. We are particularly grateful to W. A. McLellan and R. A. Bonde for leading necropsies; to D. Potter, who was responsible for obtaining funding to support photogrammetry flights; and to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Aircraft Operations Center, which supplied the pilots and aircraft for these studies. We also appreciate the review and suggestions provided by S. Chivers, C. Mayo, O. Nichols, W. Perrin, D. Rosen, R. Shadwick, E. Taylor, T. Webster, and an anonymous reviewer. We thank B. Battaile, T. du Dot Jeanniard, B. Nelson, D. Schluter, and B. Young for their statistical advice, and R. Kenney and C. Miller for their insights into the life history of right whales. This study was supported in part by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant and the Ruth Hiebert Memorial Fellowship awarded to S. Fortune and A. Trites. NR 108 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 9 U2 50 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1342 EP 1354 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-297.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 025HQ UT WOS:000310179700012 ER PT J AU Jeerage, KM Oreskovic, TL Hume, SL AF Jeerage, Kavita M. Oreskovic, Tammy L. Hume, Stephanie L. TI Neurite outgrowth and differentiation of rat cortex progenitor cells are sensitive to lithium chloride at non-cytotoxic exposures SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neurite outgrowth; Progenitor cells; Lithium chloride ID NEURAL STEM-CELLS; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; IN-VITRO; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; ASTROCYTES; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; CULTURES; BRAIN; PROLIFERATION AB Neuron-specific in vitro screening strategies have the potential to accelerate the evaluation of chemicals for neurotoxicity. We examined neurite outgrowth as a measure of neuronal response with a commercially available rat cortex progenitor cell model, where cells were exposed to a chemical during a period of cell differentiation. In control cultures, the fraction of beta-III-tubulin positive neurons and their neurite length increased significantly with time, indicating differentiation of the progenitor cells. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, also increased significantly with time. By seeding progenitor cells at varying densities, we demonstrated that neurite length was influenced by cell-cell spacing. After ten days, cultures seeded at densities of 1000 cells/mm(2) or lower had significantly shorter neurites than cultures seeded at densities of 1250 cells/mm(2) or higher. Progenitor cells were exposed to lithium, a neuroactive chemical with diverse modes of action. Cultures exposed to 30 mmol/L or 10 mmol/L lithium chloride (LiCl) had significantly lower metabolic activity than control cultures, as reported by adenosine triphosphate content, and no neurons were observed after ten days of exposure. Cultures exposed to 3 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L, or 0.3 mmol/L LiCl, which encompass lithium's therapeutic range, had metabolic activity similar to control cultures. These cultures exhibited concentration-dependent decreases in neurite outgrowth after ten days of LiCl exposure. Neurite outgrowth results were relatively robust, regardless of the evaluation methodology. This work demonstrates that measurement of neurite outgrowth in differentiating progenitor cell cultures can be a sensitive endpoint for neuronal response under non-cytotoxic exposure conditions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jeerage, Kavita M.; Oreskovic, Tammy L.; Hume, Stephanie L.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jeerage, KM (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeerage@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST; NIST-ARRA; National Research Council (NRC) FX This research was supported by internal NIST funding. The manuscript was reviewed and approved by the NIST Editorial Review Board prior to submission.; T. Oreskovic is supported by an NIST-ARRA Fellowship and S. Hume is supported by a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship. N. Goldstein provided assistance with immunocytochemical staining and image acquisition. The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their detailed comments, which led to important improvements in the final manuscript. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD OCT PY 2012 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1170 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.06.010 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 028BA UT WOS:000310396600021 PM 22771960 ER PT J AU Roy, C Kim, H Waks, E Hughes, S AF Roy, C. Kim, H. Waks, E. Hughes, S. TI Anomalous phonon-mediated damping of a driven quantum dot embedded in a high-Q semiconductor microcavity SO PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Master equations; Cavity-QED; Quantum dots; Electron phonon scattering; Resonance fluorescence; Mollow triplets ID SINGLE; SYSTEM AB We describe and employ a recently developed polaron master equation model to study the fluorescence spectra of a coherently driven quantum dot (QD) placed within a high-Q semiconductor microcavity (with Q the quality factor). We investigate phonon-induced damping in a regime where many cavity photons are required, and we also compare the resonance fluorescence spectra obtained using an effective phonon master equation in Lindblad form where simple analytical expressions are identified for various phonon-induced scattering rates. We consider two separate continuous-wave pumping scenarios, where either the system is driven through exciton pumping or the system is driven via the cavity. The cavity-QED (quantum electrodynamics) system is pumped sufficiently strongly such that the low-energy sideband of the Mollow triplet is tuned across the cavity mode resonance which is negatively detuned from the QD. For comparison, we also consider the case where the QD-cavity detuning is large enough such that the Mollow triplets do not spectrally overlap with the cavity mode. We find that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the high-energy Mollow sideband shows a pronounced nonlinear dependence on the pump intensity when the low-energy component of the triplet overlaps with the cavity mode (or vice versa), and can even be reduced with increased pumping. However, the FWHM depends linearly on the pump intensity when the Mollow triplets are far from the cavity resonance. We observe similar fluorescence spectra for both the exciton-driven system and the cavity-driven system. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, C.; Hughes, S.] Queens Univ, Dept Phys Engn Phys & Astron, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Kim, H.; Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, H.; Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hughes, S (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Phys Engn Phys & Astron, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM shughes@physics.queensu.ca FU National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was supported by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4410 J9 PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCT JI Photonics Nanostruct. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.photonics.2012.05.004 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 020XI UT WOS:000309849500005 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Observations of the convective environment in developing and non-developing tropical disturbances SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclogenesis; hurricane formation; hurricane spin-up; cyclone intensification; PREDICT; GRIP; IFEX ID HOT TOWERS; CYCLOGENESIS; GENESIS; LAYER; SIMULATION; VORTICITY AB Analyses of thermodynamic data gathered from airborne dropwindsondes released from the upper troposphere during the Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) experiment are presented. We focus on two systems that finally became hurricanes Karl and Matthew, and one system (Gaston) that attained tropical storm status, but subsequently weakened and never redeveloped during five days of monitoring. Data for all events show that the largest values of total precipitable water are collocated with the surface trough and with values of convective available potential energy that seem high enough to support convective organization. These values coincide mostly with low values of convective inhibition. Vertical profiles of virtual potential temperature show little variability between soundings on a particular day, but the system means from day to day show a slight warming. In contrast, vertical profiles of pseudo-equivalent potential temperature, ?e, show much more variability between soundings on a particular day on account of the variability in moisture. In all systems, there was is a tendency for the lower troposphere to moisten, but in the non-developing system, the troposphere became progressively drier in the height range between approximately 2 and 9 km during the five days of observations. In the developing systems, the troposphere moistened. The most prominent difference between the non-developing system and the two developing systems was the much larger reduction of ?e between the surface and a height of 3 km, typically 25 K in the non-developing system, compared with only 17 K in the developing systems. Conventional wisdom would suggest that, for this reason, the convective downdraughts would be stronger in the non-developing system and would thereby act to suppress the development. Here we propose an alternative hypothesis in which the drier air weakens the convective updraughts and thereby the convective amplification of absolute vorticity necessary for development. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU US National Science Foundation; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; NASA [NNH09AK561, NNG11PK021, NNG09HG031]; German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SM30/25-1]; [NSF AGS-0733380]; [NSF AGS-0851077] FX We are grateful to Mark Boothe for providing the consensus pouch tracks, assistance with some of the code checking and for his assistance with finalizing the two figures depicting the GV flight tracks, dropsondes and infrared satellite imagery for the pre-Karl disturbance. We thank also Ed. Zipser and an anonymous reviewer for their perceptive comments on the original manuscript; and Gerald Thomsen and Gerard Kilroy for their comments on a near-final version of the revised version. We acknowledge the US National Science Foundation for their support of the PREDICT experiment. MTM acknowledges the support of NSF AGS-0733380 and NSF AGS-0851077, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division and NASA grants NNH09AK561, NNG11PK021 and NNG09HG031. RKS acknowledges financial support for tropical-cyclone research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) from grant number SM30/25-1. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 138 IS 668 BP 1721 EP 1739 DI 10.1002/qj.1910 PN A PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 027XL UT WOS:000310387300004 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, R Buizza, R Hamill, TM Leutbecher, M Palmer, TN AF Hagedorn, Renate Buizza, Roberto Hamill, Thomas M. Leutbecher, Martin Palmer, T. N. TI Comparing TIGGE multimodel forecasts with reforecast-calibrated ECMWF ensemble forecasts SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE multimodel ensemble; reforecasts; calibration; forecast evaluation ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; COMBINATION; REANALYSIS; SKILL; MODEL; VERIFICATION; TEMPERATURES; STATISTICS; RATIONALE AB Forecasts provided by the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) project were compared with reforecast-calibrated ensemble predictions from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in extratropical regions. Considering the statistical performance of global probabilistic forecasts of 850 hPa and 2 m temperatures, a multimodel ensemble containing nine ensemble prediction systems (EPS) from the TIGGE archive did not improve on the performance of the best single-model, the ECMWF EPS. However, a reduced multimodel system, consisting of only the four best ensemble systems, provided by Canada, the USA, the United Kingdom and ECMWF, showed an improved performance. The multimodel ensemble provides a benchmark for the single-model systems contributing to the multimodel. However, reforecast-calibrated ECMWF EPS forecasts were of comparable or superior quality to the multimodel predictions, when verified against two different reanalyses or observations. This improved performance was achieved by using the ECMWF reforecast dataset to correct for systematic errors and spread deficiencies. The ECMWF EPS was the main contributor for the improved performance of the multimodel ensemble; that is, if the multimodel system did not include the ECMWF contribution, it was not able to improve on the performance of the ECMWF EPS alone. These results were shown to be only marginally sensitive to the choice of verification dataset. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Hagedorn, Renate; Buizza, Roberto; Leutbecher, Martin; Palmer, T. N.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Hagedorn, Renate] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Leutbecher, M (reprint author), ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM martin.leutbecher@ecmwf.int OI Palmer, Tim/0000-0002-7121-2196 NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 138 IS 668 BP 1814 EP 1827 DI 10.1002/qj.1895 PN A PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 027XL UT WOS:000310387300012 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Kain, JS Marsh, PT Correia, J Xue, M Kong, FY AF Clark, Adam J. Kain, John S. Marsh, Patrick T. Correia, James, Jr. Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou TI Forecasting Tornado Pathlengths Using a Three-Dimensional Object Identification Algorithm Applied to Convection-Allowing Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; PART I; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; UNITED-STATES; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; REGIONAL PREDICTION; MICROPHYSICS SCHEME AB A three-dimensional (in space and time) object identification algorithm is applied to high-resolution forecasts of hourly maximum updraft helicity (UH)-a diagnostic that identifies simulated rotating storms- with the goal of diagnosing the relationship between forecast UH objects and observed tornado pathlengths. UH objects are contiguous swaths of UH exceeding a specified threshold. Including time allows tracks to span multiple hours and entire life cycles of simulated rotating storms. The object algorithm is applied to 3 yr of 36-h forecasts initialized daily from a 4-km grid-spacing version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) run in real time at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), and forecasts from the Storm Scale Ensemble Forecast (SSEF) system run by the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms for the 2010 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment. Methods for visualizing UH object attributes are presented, and the relationship between pathlengths of UH objects and tornadoes for corresponding 18- or 24-h periods is examined. For deterministic NSSL-WRF UH forecasts, the relationship of UH pathlengths to tornadoes was much stronger during spring (March May) than in summer (June August). Filtering UH track segments produced by high-based and/or elevated storms improved the UH tornado pathlength correlations. The best ensemble results were obtained after filtering high-based and/or elevated UH track segments for the 20 cases in April May 2010, during which correlation coefficients were as high as 0.91. The results indicate that forecast UH pathlengths during spring could be a very skillful predictor for the severity of tornado outbreaks as measured by total pathlength. C1 [Clark, Adam J.; Marsh, Patrick T.; Correia, James, Jr.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Adam J.; Kain, John S.; Marsh, Patrick T.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Marsh, Patrick T.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Correia, James, Jr.] NOAA, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou] Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov RI Correia, Jr, James/A-9455-2010; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Correia, Jr, James/0000-0003-1092-8999; Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU National Research Council; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227]; NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) program; NSF [AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081] FX A National Research Council Postdoctoral Award partially supported AJC. Funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. CAPS SSEF forecasts were supported by the NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) program with supplementary support from NSF Grant AGS-0802888. MX was supported by NSF Grants OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081. CAPS forecasts were supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Athena (a Cray XT4) at the National Institute for Computational Science (http://www.nics.tennessee.edu/). CAPS utilized resources from the OU Supercomputing Center for Research and Education for ensemble postprocessing. NR 70 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1090 EP 1113 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00147.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024GD UT WOS:000310096800002 ER PT J AU Smith, BT Thompson, RL Grams, JS Broyles, C Brooks, HE AF Smith, Bryan T. Thompson, Richard L. Grams, Jeremy S. Broyles, Chris Brooks, Harold E. TI Convective Modes for Significant Severe Thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States. Part I: Storm Classification and Climatology SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; SEVERE WEATHER REPORTS; SQUALL LINES; BOW ECHOES; TORNADO CLIMATOLOGY; PROBABILITY; SUPERCELLS; PARAMETERS; OKLAHOMA; WSR-88D AB Radar-based convective modes were assigned to a sample of tornadoes and significant severe thunderstorms reported in the contiguous United States (CONUS) during 2003-11. The significant hail (>= 2-in. diameter), significant wind (>= 65-kt thunderstorm gusts), and tornadoes were filtered by the maximum event magnitude per hour on a 40-km Rapid Update Cycle model horizontal grid. The filtering process produced 22 901 tornado and significant severe thunderstorm events, representing 78.5% of all such reports in the CONUS during the sample period. The convective mode scheme presented herein begins with three radar-based storm categories: 1) discrete cells, 2) clusters of cells, and 3) quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs). Volumetric radar data were examined for right-moving supercell (RM) and left-moving supercell characteristics within the three radar reflectivity designations. Additional categories included storms with marginal supercell characteristics and linear hybrids with a mix of supercell and QLCS structures. Smoothed kernel density estimates of events per decade revealed clear geographic and seasonal patterns of convective modes with tornadoes. Discrete and cluster RMs are the favored convective mode with southern Great Plains tornadoes during the spring, while the Deep South displayed the greatest variability in tornadic convective modes in the fall, winter, and spring. The Ohio Valley favored a higher frequency of QLCS tornadoes and a lower frequency of RM compared to the Deep South and the Great Plains. Tornadoes with non-supercellular/non-QLCS storms were more common across Florida and the high plains in the summer. Significant hail events were dominated by Great Plains supercells, while variations in convective modes were largest for significant wind events. C1 [Smith, Bryan T.; Thompson, Richard L.; Grams, Jeremy S.; Broyles, Chris; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Smith, BT (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Ste 2300,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM bryan.smith@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1114 EP 1135 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00115.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024GD UT WOS:000310096800003 ER PT J AU Thompson, RL Smith, BT Grams, JS Dean, AR Broyles, C AF Thompson, Richard L. Smith, Bryan T. Grams, Jeremy S. Dean, Andrew R. Broyles, Chris TI Convective Modes for Significant Severe Thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States. Part II: Supercell and QLCS Tornado Environments SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEVERE WEATHER REPORTS; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; FORECAST PARAMETERS; CLIMATOLOGY; STORMS; EVENTS; LINES; SHEAR AB A sample of 22 901 tornado and significant severe thunderstorm events, filtered on an hourly 40-km grid, was collected for the period 2003-11 across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Convective mode was assigned to each case via manual examination of full volumetric radar data (Part I of this study), and environmental information accompanied each grid-hour event from the hourly objective analyses calculated and archived at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC). Sounding-derived parameters related to supercells and tornadoes formed the basis of this investigation owing to the dominance of right-moving supercells in tornado production and the availability of supercell-related convective parameters in the SPC environmental archive. The tornado and significant severe thunderstorm events were stratified by convective mode and season. Measures of buoyancy discriminated most strongly between supercell and quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) tornado events during the winter, while bulk wind differences and storm-relative helicity were similar for both supercell and QLCS tornado environments within in each season. The larger values of the effective-layer supercell composite parameter (SCP) and the effective-layer significant tornado parameter (STP) favored right-moving supercells that produced significant tornadoes, as opposed to weak tornadoes or supercells that produced only significant hail or damaging winds. Additionally, mesocyclone strength tended to increase with increasing SCP for supercells, and STP tended to increase as tornado damage class ratings increased. The findings underscore the importance of convective mode (discrete or cluster supercells), mesocyclone strength, and near-storm environment (as represented by large values of STP) in consistent, real-time identification of intense tornadoes. C1 [Thompson, Richard L.; Smith, Bryan T.; Grams, Jeremy S.; Dean, Andrew R.; Broyles, Chris] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Thompson, RL (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Ste 2300,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM richard.thompson@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1136 EP 1154 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00116.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024GD UT WOS:000310096800004 ER PT J AU Chen, TC Yen, MC Tsay, JD Alpert, J Nguyen, TTT AF Chen, Tsing-Chang Yen, Ming-Cheng Tsay, Jenq-Dar Alpert, Jordan Nguyen Thi Tan Thanh TI Forecast Advisory for the Late Fall Heavy Rainfall/Flood Event in Central Vietnam Developed from Diagnostic Analysis SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; DEPRESSION; SYSTEM AB The formations of heavy rainfall/flood (HRF) events in Vietnam are studied from diagnostic analyses of 31 events during the period 1979-2009. HRF events develop from the cold surge vortices formed around the Philippines. These vortices' speed, size, and rainfall, which evolve into HRF events, are enhanced distinguishably from non-HRF vortices, as they reach Vietnam. The HRF cyclone, the North Pacific anticyclone, and the northwestern Pacific explosive cyclone simultaneously reach their maximum intensities when the HRF event occurs. An HRF cyclone attains its maximum intensity by the in-phase constructive interference of three monsoon (30-60, 12-24, and 5 days) modes identified by the spectral analysis of zonal winds. The rainfall center of an HRF event is formed and maintained by the in-phase constructive interference of rainfall and convergence of water vapor flux anomalies, respectively, from three monsoon modes. Forecast times of regional models are dependent and constrained on the scale of the limited domain. For 5-day forecasts, a global or at least a hemispheric model is necessary. Using the salient features described above, a 5-day forecast advisory is introduced to supplement forecasts of HRF events made by the global model. Non-HRF vortices are filtered by threshold values for the deepening rate of explosive cyclones and basic characteristics of the HRF events predicted by the global model. A necessary condition for an HRF event is the in-phase superposition of the three monsoon modes. One-week forecasts for 12 HRF events issued by the NCEP Global Forecast System are tested. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the forecast advisory to predict the occurrence dates of HRF events. C1 [Chen, Tsing-Chang] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yen, Ming-Cheng] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli, Taiwan. [Alpert, Jordan] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Nguyen Thi Tan Thanh] Natl Hydrometeorol Serv Vietnam, Aerometeorol Observ, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Chen, TC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, 3010 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tmchen@iastate.edu FU NSF [ATM-0836200]; NSC [NSC100-2111-M-008-014] FX This study was partially sponsored by the Cheney Research Fund, NSF Grant ATM-0836200. Ming-Cheng Yen's effort was supported by NSC Grant NSC100-2111-M-008-014. We thank professor Jun Matsumoto of Tokyo Metropolitan University for motivating us to explore the cause of the Vietnam heavy rainfall/flood events during the late fall. Finally, comments and suggestions offered by the three reviewers were very helpful to the improvement of this paper. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1155 EP 1177 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00104.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024GD UT WOS:000310096800005 ER PT J AU Cintineo, JL Smith, TM Lakshmanan, V Brooks, HE Ortega, KL AF Cintineo, John L. Smith, Travis M. Lakshmanan, Valliappa Brooks, Harold E. Ortega, Kiel L. TI An Objective High-Resolution Hail Climatology of the Contiguous United States SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; PROBABILITY; HAILSTORMS; WSR-88D; FINLAND; SIZE AB The threat of damaging hail from severe thunderstorms affects many communities and industries on a yearly basis, with annual economic losses in excess of $1 billion (U.S. dollars). Past hail climatology has typically relied on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Climatic Data Center's (NOAA/NCDC) Storm Data publication, which has numerous reporting biases and nonmeteorological artifacts. This research seeks to quantify the spatial and temporal characteristics of contiguous United States (CONUS) hail fall, derived from multiradar multisensor (MRMS) algorithms for several years during the Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) era, leveraging the Multiyear Reanalysis of Remotely Sensed Storms (MYRORSS) dataset at NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). The primary MRMS product used in this study is the maximum expected size of hail (MESH). The preliminary climatology includes 42 months of quality controlled and reprocessed MESH grids, which spans the warm seasons for four years (2007-10), covering 98% of all Storm Data hail reports during that time. The dataset has 0.01 degrees latitude X 0.01 degrees longitude X 31 vertical levels spatial resolution, and 5-min temporal resolution. Radar-based and reports-based methods of hail climatology are compared. MRMS MESH demonstrates superior coverage and resolution over Storm Data hail reports, and is largely unbiased. The results reveal a broad maximum of annual hail fall in the Great Plains and a diminished secondary maximum in the Southeast United States. Potential explanations for the differences in the two methods of hail climatology are also discussed. C1 [Cintineo, John L.; Smith, Travis M.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Ortega, Kiel L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cintineo, John L.; Smith, Travis M.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Brooks, Harold E.; Ortega, Kiel L.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Cintineo, JL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM john.cintineo@ssec.wisc.edu FU NOAA's High Performance Computing and Communications Office; NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; Department of Commerce FX The authors would like to acknowledge Mike Richman for productive conversations that improved this research, as well as two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful feedback, which greatly enhanced this manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's High Performance Computing and Communications Office, NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, and the Department of Commerce. NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1248 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00151.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024GD UT WOS:000310096800009 ER PT J AU Workoff, TE Kristovich, DAR Laird, NF LaPlante, R Leins, D AF Workoff, Thomas E. Kristovich, David A. R. Laird, Neil F. LaPlante, Robert Leins, Daniel TI Influence of the Lake Erie Overlake Boundary Layer on Deep Convective Storm Evolution SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID LIVED SQUALL LINES; GREAT-LAKES; RAINFALL; MODE AB The influence that the overlake boundary layer has on storm intensity and structure is not well understood. To improve scientists' understanding of the evolution of storms crossing Lake Erie, 111 events during 2001-09 were examined using observations from Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), surface, buoy, and rawinsonde sites. It was found that on average, all storm modes tended to weaken over the lake; however, considerable variability in changes of storm intensity existed, with some storms exhibiting steady-state or increasing intensity in specific environments. Noteworthy changes in the storm maximum reflectivity generally occurred within 60 min after storms crossed the upwind shoreline. Isolated and cluster storm modes exhibited much greater weakening than those storms organized into lines or convective complexes. The atmospheric parameters having the greatest influence on storm intensity over Lake Erie varied by mode. Isolated and cluster storms generally weakened more rapidly with increasingly cold overlake surface air temperatures. Linear and complex systems, on the other hand, tended to exhibit constant or increasing maximum reflectivity with cooler overlake surface air temperatures. It is suggested that strongly stable conditions near the lake surface limit the amount of boundary layer air ingested into storms in these cases. C1 [Workoff, Thomas E.; Kristovich, David A. R.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Workoff, Thomas E.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Laird, Neil F.] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [LaPlante, Robert] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Cleveland, OH USA. [Leins, Daniel] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Kristovich, DAR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, ISWS, PRI, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM dkristo@illinois.edu OI Kristovich, David/0000-0001-9381-1053 FU National Science Foundation Mesoscale and Dynamic Meteorology Program [ATM 07-11033]; Cooperative Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET) program [COM UCAR S09-71437] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Mesoscale and Dynamic Meteorology Program (Grant ATM 07-11033) and the Cooperative Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET) program (Grant COM UCAR S09-71437). We appreciate the comments and suggestions from Michael Timlin and James Angel from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the anonymous reviewers, and the editor. This manuscript represents the opinions of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies or the authors' affiliations. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1289 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00076.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024GD UT WOS:000310096800012 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Landin, T Walker, ML Scott, JHJ Varanasi, KK AF Rykaczewski, Konrad Landin, Trevan Walker, Marlon L. Scott, John Henry J. Varanasi, Kripa K. TI Direct Imaging of Complex Nano- to Microscale Interfaces Involving Solid, Liquid, and Gas Phases SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE complex nanostructures; cryo-FIB/SEM; superhydrophobicity; lubricant-impregnated surfaces; nanoscale water condensation ID CRYOSCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CONTACT-ANGLE HYSTERESIS; SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; WATER CONDENSATION; OMNIPHOBIC SURFACES; BREATH FIGURES; GROWTH; SPECIMENS; DROPS; VITRIFICATION AB Surfaces with special wetting properties not only can efficiently repel or attract liquids such as water and oils but also can prevent formation of biofilms, ice, and clathrate hydrates. Predicting the wetting properties of these special surfaces requires detailed knowledge of the composition and geometry of the interfacial region between the droplet and the underlying substrate. In this work we introduce a 3D quantitative method for direct nanoscale visualization of such interfaces. Specifically, we demonstrate direct nano- to microscale imaging of complex fluidic interfaces using cryostabilization In combination with cryogenic focused ion beam milling and SEM imaging. We show that application of this method yields quantitative information about the interfacial geometry of water condensate on superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic, and lubricant-impregnated surfaces with previously unattainable nanoscale resolution. This type of information is crucial to a fundamental understanding as well as the design of surfaces with special wetting properties. C1 [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Varanasi, Kripa K.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Walker, Marlon L.; Scott, John Henry J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Landin, Trevan] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov; varanasi@mit.edu FU NSF Career Award [0952564]; Dupont-MIT Alliance FX The authors also kindly acknowledge Dr. Albert Davydov and Dr. Sergiy Krylyuk from NIST for providing the VLS silicon nanowire samples, Dr. Andras E. Vladar from NIST for lending spare parts of the cryo-system, Bob Casey from FEl for help with the Nova Nanolab FIB/SEM system, and Dr. John Pettibone from NIST for insightful comments on the manuscript. K.K.V. gratefully acknowledges the NSF Career Award (0952564) and the Dupont-MIT Alliance for funding this work. NR 78 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 142 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2012 VL 6 IS 10 BP 9326 EP 9334 DI 10.1021/nn304250e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 024FW UT WOS:000310096100099 PM 23020195 ER PT J AU Madden, AS Swindle, AL Beazley, MJ Moon, JW Ravel, B Phelps, TJ AF Madden, Andrew S. Swindle, Andrew L. Beazley, Melanie J. Moon, Ji-Won Ravel, Bruce Phelps, Tommy J. TI Long-term solid-phase fate of co-precipitated U(VI)-Fe(III) following biological iron reduction by Thermoanaerobacter SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Magnetite; uranium; nanoparticles; uraninite; geomicrobiology ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; IN-SITU BIOREDUCTION; HETEROGENEOUS REDUCTION; URANINITE NANOPARTICLES; SUBSTITUTED MAGNETITES; REDUCING CONDITIONS; U(VI) REDUCTION; U-VI; SURFACE AB The texture and mineralogy of solid phases resulting from biogeochemical metal reduction of U(VI)-FeOOH slurries was investigated over a period of four years. Solid-phase reaction products were analyzed with EXAFS, TEM, and XRD following fermentative reduction of uranium-loaded ferric hydroxide precursors with 0.01 and 0.05 cation mole fraction (CMF) U by cultures of Thermoanaerobacter sp. strain TOR-39. Only minor changes could be distinguished between 3 and 51 months for most slurries. Magnetite, goethite, uraninite, and minor akaganeite were present after 3 months at both U-CMFs. Akaganeite was not detected by XRD after 3 months, but was still observed by TEM after 50 months. Increasing uranium in the starting slurries led to a greater proportion of oxidized iron in the solid-phase products. Euhedral goethite and subhedral to euhedral magnetite were observed at all times. Uraninite was observed in clusters of <10 nm particles without any particular relationship to the iron minerals. HRTEM imaging indicated that even the smallest uraninite particles were well crystallized, with textures that remained consistent throughout the duration of experiments. X-ray absorption spectra after 3 months indicated 100% and 96.4% U(IV) in 0.01 and 0.05 CMF U slurries, respectively. EXAFS spectra were consistent with uraninite at both uranium levels, plus additional non-uraninite U(IV) for 0.05 CMF U. One 0.05 CMF U culture slurry was found to have a lower pH and a more oxidized final iron mineral assemblage; in this case uraninite was not observed by XRD, but large (101 nm average diameter) rounded uraninite grains were observed by TEM. These grains were observed in chains or aggregates often connected by necks, in textures suggestive of biological influence. HRTEM demonstrated each grain was composed of poorly oriented, primary, 2-5 nm uraninite crystallites. Uraninite crystal growth occurred by nanoparticle aggregation, but ripening was not observed even though incubation temperatures were held at 65 degrees C for 20 days. Thus, previous studies of biogenic nanoparticulate uraninite short-term reactivity are likely to be representative of systems aged over a period of years. C1 [Madden, Andrew S.; Swindle, Andrew L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Beazley, Melanie J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Moon, Ji-Won; Phelps, Tommy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Madden, AS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM amadden@ou.edu OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889; Beazley, Melanie/0000-0001-9973-7798 FU Oak Ridge Associated Universities Ralph E. Powe Award; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO5-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Advanced Photon Source; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CHII357] FX Financial support was provided by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities Ralph E. Powe Award to A.S.M. J.W. Moon and T.J. Phelps were sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO5-00OR22725. PNC/XSD facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, a Major Resources Support grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University, and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CHII357. Greg Strout at the Samuel Roberts Noble Electron Microscopy Laboratory and the scientists and supporting staff at the APS BM20 are thanked for their technical assistance. Two anonymous reviews significantly improved the manuscript. NR 96 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 34 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1641 EP 1652 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 018FM UT WOS:000309645500011 ER PT J AU Shelton, AO Munch, SB Keith, D Mangel, M AF Shelton, Andrew O. Munch, Stephan B. Keith, David Mangel, Marc TI Maternal age, fecundity, egg quality, and recruitment: linking stock structure to recruitment using an age-structured Ricker model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SPAWNING-STOCK; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; SEBASTES; SIZE; SURVIVAL AB Understanding the process of recruitment is fundamental to fisheries biology and management. However, recruitment in natural populations is highly variable and rarely well described by classical stock-recruitment relationships (SRRs). Recent analyses suggest that the age composition of the spawning biomass may play an important role in the mismatch between SRRs and data. Here we develop a generalization of the Ricker SRR that incorporates age structure by allowing mortality and fecundity rates to depend on maternal age. We provide a flexible SRR with biologically interpretable parameters that can be estimated from existing fisheries time series and use a Bayesian framework that enables parameters to be informed by experimental data. We apply our method to the Icelandic population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and show models that include age structure effects outperform the classical Ricker SRR that ignores age structure. Our results indicate a strong effect of spawning stock age structure on recruitment dynamics in this population. Our approach provides a biologically interpretable and immediately applicable method for investigating the consequences for spawning stock age structure on recruitment. C1 [Shelton, Andrew O.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Keith, David] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Life Sci Ctr, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov FU Center for Stock Assessment Research; Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, California; University of California Santa Cruz; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, California, USA) FX This work was partially supported by the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership between the Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, California, and the University of California Santa Cruz. This work benefitted from discussions within the RedFlags and Extinction Risk Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, California, USA). We thank A. MacCall, A. Winship, W. Satterthwaite, C. Jorgensen, and S. Vincenzi for helpful discussions. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1631 EP 1641 DI 10.1139/F2012-082 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 022LC UT WOS:000309959900007 ER PT J AU Lundsten, L Johnson, SB Cailliet, GM DeVogelaere, AP Clague, DA AF Lundsten, Lonny Johnson, Shannon B. Cailliet, Gregor M. DeVogelaere, Andrew P. Clague, David A. TI Morphological, molecular, and in situ behavioral observations of the rare deep-sea anglerfish Chaunacops coloratus (Garman, 1899), order Lophiiformes, in the eastern North Pacific SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Deep-sea; ROV; Chaunacidae; Lophiiformes; Seamount; Phylogeny ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CERATIOID ANGLERFISHES; 3 SEAMOUNTS; TELEOSTEI; GENUS; FISH; BATHYCHAUNAX; SYSTEMATICS; DIMORPHISM AB In situ observations and collections of Chaunacops coloratus (Garman, 1899) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific Ocean lend new behavioral, morphological and molecular data to an under-sampled, deep-sea group of fishes in the order Lophiiformes. Seven observations were made at Davidson Seamount, 130 km southwest of Monterey. CA, and from the Taney Seamount chain, 290 km west of Moss Landing, CA, from depths ranging from 2313 to 3297 m. Specimens were collected at both locations. Morphometric and meristic analyses were performed to identify individuals to the species level. These observations of C. colorants provide greater latitude and depth distributions in the eastern North Pacific Ocean than previously known. Detailed habitat information indicated the fish occurred near manganese-encrusted volcanic talus slopes, a highly rugose habitat. Video observations revealed possible ontogenetic color changes in which small fish were blue and large fish were red. Video recorded rapid, vertical swimming as an escape response and maneuvering, or walking, with pectoral and pelvic fins and esca deployment. Phylogenetic analyses used here verify what has been known since Garman first described C. coloratus in 1899, that Chaunax and Chaunacops are closely related; molecular tools complement previous knowledge and genetic information created has been submitted to GenBank for further use by the scientific community. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lundsten, Lonny; Johnson, Shannon B.; Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [DeVogelaere, Andrew P.] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Lundsten, L (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM lonny@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation's; NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration FX We are grateful for support from the pilots of the ROV's Tiburon and Doc Ricketts and the crew of the R/V Western Flyer. We thank Drs. J. Caruso, R. Lea, R. Rosenblatt, J. McCosker, and T. Pietsch for help identifying the first specimen seen and collected in 2002. We also thank Drs. J. Caruso and T. Pietsch for careful review of this manuscript. We thank Dr. R.C. Vrijenhoek for guidance regarding molecular analyses. We also acknowledge E. Burton for assistance with record keeping and sample preservation, Dr. C. McClain for thoughtful discussions regarding this and other deep-sea biology topics, and D. Catania for assistance with sample material from California Academy of Sciences. We are grateful to Dr. M. Miya for providing the line drawings of fishes used in Fig. 3. The first author is grateful to C. Trubschenck, DDS and former ichthyologist, for stimulating scientific curiosity and interest in the natural world. This manuscript has benefited greatly from two anonymous reviewers of a previous draft. This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation's funding of MBARI and, in part, by a grant from NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 68 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.05.012 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 020ED UT WOS:000309790800004 ER PT J AU Anitescu, G Bruno, TJ Tavlarides, LL AF Anitescu, George Bruno, Thomas J. Tavlarides, Lawrence L. TI Dieseline for Supercritical Injection and Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines: Volatility, Phase Transitions, Spray/Jet Structure, and Thermal Stability SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FUEL OXYGENATE ADDITIVES; EXPLICIT DISTILLATION CURVES; DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; FLUID PROPERTIES; JET-A; GASOLINE; IMPROVEMENTS; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR AB To optimize the injection-combustion process of increasingly diversified fuels, thermophysical and chemical properties of new blends are required over a wide range of compositions, pressures, and temperatures, including supercritical fluid states. Among the important thermophysical properties, the vapor-liquid equilibrium, as represented by the fluid volatility, is critical. In this study, the volatility of automotive gasoline-diesel fuel (dieseline) blends was determined by the advanced distillation curve method. Distillation curves were constructed for blends of 10, 30, SO, 70, and 90% (v/v) and compared to those of automotive gasoline with octane number 97 and diesel fuel no. 2. The results showed that dieseline volatility is close to that of gasoline at the start of distillation and leans toward that of diesel fuel at the end of the process. A GC-MS analysis of distilled fuel fractions showed that the more labile components of dieseline thermally decomposed at the end of the distillation process. Experiments on thermal stability of dieseline in a batch reactor showed no significant thermal decomposition at 400 degrees C for 1 h. This reactivity-inhibition of the thermally labile compounds was attributed to the lighter, less reactive fuel components, which, contrary to the case of distillation, were not removed from the system during the batch-heating process. Other experiments showed that this fuel behavior facilitated phase transition from liquid to SC states, with the more chemically stable gasoline acting as an anticoking agent for heated diesel fuel. Compared to unheated fuel, the mixing of heated dieseline with the air upon injection has been improved substantially. This information is essential for efficient fuel systems and combustion chamber designs to optimize supercritical fuel utilization in diesel engines, decrease fuel consumption, and practically eliminate harmful emissions without any after treatment. C1 [Anitescu, George; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Anitescu, George; Tavlarides, Lawrence L.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU federal ARRA; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) [21186] FX One of the authors (G.A.) acknowledges the federal ARRA support for research performed at NIST-Boulder. We gratefully acknowledge the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) for financial support (Agreement no. 21186) for the work performed at Syracuse University. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD OCT PY 2012 VL 26 IS 10 BP 6247 EP 6258 DI 10.1021/ef301060g PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 021RE UT WOS:000309902200021 ER PT J AU Meng, J Yang, RQ Wei, HL Ek, M Gayno, G Xie, PP Mitchell, K AF Meng, Jesse Yang, Rongqian Wei, Helin Ek, Michael Gayno, George Xie, Pingping Mitchell, Kenneth TI The Land Surface Analysis in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SOIL-MOISTURE; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTS; IMPACT; SIMULATIONS; HYDROLOGY; SCHEMES; PROJECT AB The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) uses the NASA Land Information System (US) to create its land surface analysis: the NCEP Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Comparing to the previous two generations of NCEP global reanalyses, this is the first time a coupled land-atmosphere data assimilation system is included in a global reanalysis. Global observed precipitation is used as direct forcing to drive the land surface analysis, rather than the typical reanalysis approach of using precipitation assimilating from a background atmospheric model simulation. Global observed snow cover and snow depth fields are used to constrain the simulated snow variables. This paper describes 1) the design and implementation of GLDAS/LIS in CFSR. 2) the forcing of the observed global precipitation and snow fields, and 3) preliminary results of global and regional soil moisture content and land surface energy and water budgets closure. With special attention made during the design of CFSR GLDAS/LIS, all the source and sink terms in the CFSR land surface energy and water budgets can be assessed and the total budgets are balanced. This is one of many aspects indicating improvements in CFSR from the previous NCEP reanalyses. C1 [Meng, Jesse; Yang, Rongqian; Wei, Helin; Ek, Michael; Gayno, George; Mitchell, Kenneth] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xie, Pingping] NOAA, NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Meng, J (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jesse.meng@noaa.gov FU NCEP for the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis; NOAA Climate Program Office for the NCEP Core Project for the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) FX This work is supported by NCEP for the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis and NOAA Climate Program Office for the NCEP Core Project for the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA). We thank Paul Dirmeyer, Jordan Alpert, Xingren Wu, and anonymous reviewers for review and comments. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1621 EP 1630 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-090.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 023NT UT WOS:000310042400015 ER PT J AU Aschettino, JM Baird, RW McSweeney, DJ Webster, DL Schorr, GS Huggins, JL Martien, KK Mahaffy, SD West, KL AF Aschettino, Jessica M. Baird, Robin W. McSweeney, Daniel J. Webster, Daniel L. Schorr, Gregory S. Huggins, Jessica L. Martien, Karen K. Mahaffy, Sabre D. West, Kristi L. TI Population structure of melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Evidence of multiple populations based on photo identification SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE melon-headed whale; Peponocephala electra; Hawaii; site fidelity; population structure; movements ID FALSE KILLER WHALES; SITE FIDELITY; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; BEAKED-WHALES; ISLANDS; MOVEMENTS; DOLPHINS; WATERS AB Despite the presence of melon-headed whales in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, little is known about this species. To assess population structure in Hawaii, dedicated field efforts were undertaken from 2000 to 2009. Using only good quality photographs, there were 1,433 unique photo-identified individuals, of which 1,046 were distinctive. Of these, 31.5% were seen more than once. Resighting data combined with social network analyses showed evidence of two populationsa smaller, resident population, seen exclusively off the northwest region of the island of Hawaii, and a larger population, seen throughout all the main Hawaiian Islands (hereafter the main Hawaiian Islands population). A Bayesian analysis examining the probability of movements of individuals between populations provided a posterior median dispersal rate of 0.0009/yr (95% CI = 00.0041), indicating the populations are likely demographically independent. Depth of encounters with the Hawaii Island resident population was significantly shallower (median = 381 m) than those with the main Hawaiian Islands population (median = 1,662 m). Resightings of individuals have occurred up to 22 yr apart for the Hawaii Island resident population and up to 13 yr apart for the main Hawaiian Islands population, suggesting long-term residency to the islands for both populations. C1 [Aschettino, Jessica M.; West, Kristi L.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Aschettino, Jessica M.; Baird, Robin W.; Webster, Daniel L.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Huggins, Jessica L.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [McSweeney, Daniel J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA. [Martien, Karen K.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Aschettino, JM (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM jaschettino@cascadiaresearch.org FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC); U.S. Navy; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC); U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Wild Whale Research Foundation (WWRF) FX Dedicated field efforts were funded by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), U.S. Navy, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, and Wild Whale Research Foundation (WWRF). A number of individuals helped in the field, but we would like to especially thank Allan Ligon, Annie Gorgone, and Annie Douglas. We would also like to thank Itana Silva and Aliza Milette for their assistance with photo matching and confirmation. We thank Erin Oleson of the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Michael Richlen of the University of Hawai'i, and Jay Barlow of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, for providing additional photographs from around the main Hawaiian Islands. We thank Joe Mobley and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript, and Brenda Jensen for reviewing an earlier version. Research was undertaken under NMFS Scientific Research Permits No. 731-1774 and 731-1509. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 666 EP 689 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00517.x PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 017TB UT WOS:000309612800014 ER PT J AU Orr, AJ Newsome, SD Laake, JL VanBlaricom, GR DeLong, RL AF Orr, Anthony J. Newsome, Seth D. Laake, Jeffrey L. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. DeLong, Robert L. TI Ontogenetic dietary information of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) assessed using stable isotope analysis SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diet shift; otariids; stable isotopes; Zalophus californianus ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SAN-MIGUEL-ISLAND; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; CARBON ISOTOPES; FUR SEALS; ELEPHANT SEALS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; FORAGING ECOLOGY; DIVING BEHAVIOR; MARINE MAMMALS AB We used stable carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) isotopes to examine ontogenetic dietary changes in 289 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) at San Miguel Island, California during 20042007. Tissues analyzed included fur, red blood cells, plasma, and serum. For all tissues, pups had higher d15N values and lower d13C values compared to adults, which indicated that pups were feeding higher trophically than older conspecifics and on a lipid-rich milk diet prior to weaning. Yearling d15N values were slightly lower than pup or nearly indistinguishable from adult values depending on the tissue analyzed, indicating a dietary shift from maternal dependency to independent foraging. Juveniles (24 yr) and adults (>4 yr) had similar d15N values indicating they fed at a similar trophic level. There did not appear to be a pronounced dietary shift in d13C values. However, d13C values integrated with telemetry data indicated that postweaned individuals fed in similar foraging areas. Dietary changes during early life stages may be due to differences in physiology, morphology, experience, or energetic requirements; however, young animals are able to attain the skills needed to consume adult prey types near the end of their second year of life. C1 [Orr, Anthony J.; Laake, Jeffrey L.; DeLong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. [Orr, Anthony J.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Orr, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. EM tony.orr@noaa.gov NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 714 EP 732 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00522.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 017TB UT WOS:000309612800016 ER PT J AU Melin, SR Laake, JL DeLong, RL Siniff, DB AF Melin, Sharon R. Laake, Jeffrey L. DeLong, Robert L. Siniff, Donald B. TI Age-specific recruitment and natality of California sea lions at San Miguel Island, California SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE birth rate; population dynamics; reproductive rate; fecundity; reproduction; recruitment; survival; mark-recapture; pinniped; sea lion; El Nino ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS; MARK-RECAPTURE; ROBUST DESIGN; ARCTOCEPHALUS-TROPICALIS; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; BREEDING PROBABILITIES AB We conducted a 15 yr mark-resight study of branded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) at San Miguel Island, California, to estimate age-specific recruitment and natality of the population. We used the Schwarz and Stobo model to estimate sighting, survival, recruitment, timing of births, abundance, and age-specific natality from sighting histories of 1,276 parous females. The advantage of this approach was that the reproductive status of females did not have to be known for all females of reproductive age. Probability of recruitment into the reproductive population began at age 3 or 4, peaked between ages 5 and 7, and slowly declined. Age-specific natality was similar for ages 416 but declined after age 17, suggesting that reproductive senescence occurs in older females. The average annual natality for parous females 416 yr of age was 0.77 (SE = 0.03); natality declined to 0.56 (SE = 0.10) for parous females 1721 yr of age. Natality for both age classes was reduced during El Nino conditions by 24% and 34%, respectively. In addition to reducing natality, El Nino events may result in a delay of recruitment if females experience El Nino conditions before they turn 4 yr of age. C1 [Melin, Sharon R.; Laake, Jeffrey L.; DeLong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Siniff, Donald B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Melin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. FU National Marine Fisheries Service; University of Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank the many researchers who assisted with the branding and resighting of California sea lions at San Miguel Island and along the West Coast over the course of the study, they are too numerous to name individually. Patricia Morris, Tony Orr, and Jim Thomason participated during many years of the project and we are thankful for their contributions. David Anderson provided guidance and advice during the early stages of the analysis. Devin Johnson and Jay Ver Hoef provided advice and help with developing the models and code for the mixed effects analysis. Harriet Huber, Michael Cameron, Jason Baker, Gary Duker, Jim Lee, and anonymous reviewers provided reviews of the manuscript. The staff at Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands Aviation provided logistical support. This project was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act permits 717, 977, 1613, and 782-1812 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Funding was provided by National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 751 EP 776 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00538.x PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 017TB UT WOS:000309612800018 ER PT J AU Barlow, J AF Barlow, Jay TI Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Barlow, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jay.barlow@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 782 EP 784 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00606.x PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 017TB UT WOS:000309612800021 ER PT J AU Gerrodette, T Rojas-Bracho, L AF Gerrodette, Tim Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo TI Inference from limited data: A response to Lonergan SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID PHOCOENA-SINUS; POPULATION-SIZE; VAQUITA; RATES C1 [Gerrodette, Tim] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Inst Nacl Ecol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. RP Gerrodette, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tim.gerrodette@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 790 EP 796 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00569.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 017TB UT WOS:000309612800023 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AS Salden, DR Clapham, PJ AF Kennedy, Amy S. Salden, Dan R. Clapham, Phillip J. TI First high- to low-latitude match of an eastern North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BERING-SEA; GLACIALIS; HAWAII C1 [Kennedy, Amy S.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Salden, Dan R.] Hawaii Whale Res Fdn, Maryville, IL 62062 USA. RP Kennedy, AS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM amy.kennedy@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP E539 EP E544 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00539.x PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 017TB UT WOS:000309612800012 ER PT J AU Rone, BK Berchok, CL Crance, JL Clapham, PJ AF Rone, Brenda K. Berchok, Catherine L. Crance, Jessica L. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Using air-deployed passive sonobuoys to detect and locate critically endangered North Pacific right whales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; EUBALAENA-JAPONICA; HUMPBACK WHALES; BERING-SEA; ACOUSTIC DETECTION; ALASKA; SOUNDS; LOCALIZATION; RECORDINGS; GLACIALIS C1 [Rone, Brenda K.; Berchok, Catherine L.; Crance, Jessica L.; Clapham, Phillip J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rone, BK (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brenda.rone@noaa.gov FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management FX We would like to thank observers Jeff Foster, Cynthia Christman, and Laura Morse; Clear-water Air and Northern Commanders, including pilots Andrew Harcombe, Aidan Loeher, and William Vancendak; Jan Bennett and Lark Wuerth (DOI) provided flight following. We are extremely grateful to Jeff Leonard (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division), Theresa Yost (Naval Operational Logistics Support Center) and Capt. Robin Brake (I&E Director Marine Science, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy) for providing us with newer surplus sonobuoys. We would also like to thank Jeff Leonhard, Charles Kimble (Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division), and Todd Mequet (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division) for assistance with sonobuoy literature. Thank you to Amy Kennedy and Alex Zerbini (AFSC), and the scientists, officers, and crew of the vessel survey. We thank Sue Moore (AFSC), Megan Ferguson (AFSC), David Mellinger (OSU), Daryl Boness (MMS), and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management with project support from Charles Monnett. Research was conducted under NMFS Scientific Permit No. 782-1719. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP E528 EP E538 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00573.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 017TB UT WOS:000309612800011 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Statistical modeling of the point spread function for imaging through turbulence SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE turbulence; imaging; scintillation; point spread function; modulation transfer function ID BEAM SCINTILLATIONS; SUPERRESOLUTION; IMAGES; MEDIA AB We use a rigorous Markov approximation-based propagation model to calculate statistical properties of the instantaneous turbulent point spread function (PSF) for weak and strong turbulence conditions. Long-exposure PSF is well-known, and is currently widely used for estimates of optical system performance and simulation of the image distortions caused by turbulence. We discuss some peculiarities of the long-exposure PSF that are related to specifics of propagation in turbulence, which are often overlooked in the literature. Models for the short-exposure PSF have been used since the mid-1960s, and were the subject of some recent publications. We review a recently published model, and present sample calculations of the short-exposure PSF. Based on the available results of the optical propagation theory, we calculate variances of power fluctuations in the instantaneous PSF and the Strehl ratio, and covariance of the total power and the Strehl ratio. Analysis of the calculation results shows that for the most practical situations, the random Strehl ratio is a product of two uncorrelated, random variables-power and axial directivity. This information enables modeling of the instantaneous PSF with random width and height. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.10.101706] C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R PSD 99, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 51 IS 10 AR 101706 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.10.101706 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 021WF UT WOS:000309915400007 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Satellite views of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID CHANGJIANG YANGTZE-RIVER; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION; OCEAN COLOR; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COASTAL WATERS; INFRARED BANDS AB A comprehensive study of water properties for the Bohai Sea (BS), Yellow Sea (YS), and East China Sea (ECS) has been carried out with 8-year observations between 2002 and 2009 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua platform. Normalized water-leaving radiance spectra (nL(w)(lambda)), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K-d(490)), total suspended matter (TSM), and sea surface temperature (SST) are used to quantify and characterize the physical, optical, biological, and biogeochemical properties and their seasonal and interannual variability in the BS, YS, and ECS regions. The BS, YS, and ECS feature highly turbid waters in the coastal regions and river estuaries with high K-d(490) over similar to 3 m(-1) and TSM concentrations reach over similar to 50 g m(-3). The optical, biological, and biogeochemical property features in these three seas show considerable seasonal variability. The dominant empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode for K-d(490) and TSM variability in the BS, YS, and ECS regions is the seasonal mode, which accounts for about two-thirds of the total variance. Phytoplankton dynamics in open oceans of the BS, YS, and ECS is also found to play an important role in the K-d(490) variation, while its impact on the ocean turbidity (K-d(490)) is much less than that of seasonal winds and sea surface thermodynamics in coastal regions. The first EOF mode in SST for the regions is seasonal and accounts for nearly 90% of the total SST variance. The major mechanisms that drive ocean color property variations in the BS, YS, and ECS are the seasonal winds, ocean stratification, and sea surface thermodynamics due to the seasonal climate change, as well as coastal bathymetry, seasonal phytoplankton blooms, and river discharges. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wei.1.shi@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants. MODIS L1 B data and SST data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website and ocean color website, respectively. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 78 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 104 BP 30 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.05.001 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 018VB UT WOS:000309693500003 ER PT J AU Collins, MJ Miller, D AF Collins, M. J. Miller, D. TI UPPER HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY (USA) FLOODPLAIN CHANGE OVER THE 20TH CENTURY SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE geomorphology; floodplain; human impacts; Hudson River; navigation; geographic information system (GIS) ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HISTORICAL CHANGES AB Detailed surveys of the upper Hudson River Estuary and its floodplain from the early 1900s and digital mapping of the same areas today provide an opportunity to evaluate changes over the 20th century. This study uses a geographic information system to quantitatively compare water areas and islands mapped by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1907 and 1911 along an approximately 60-km reach from Athens to Troy, NY, with the same features mapped in the late 20th century. The comparison shows a substantial decrease in total water area approximately 30% less than the 1907-1911 quantity, with secondary channels disproportionally affected (similar to 70% less). The number and total area of islands has also dramatically decreased by approximately 65% and 85%, respectively. These changes primarily reflect the success of navigation improvement projects undertaken since the 19th century that transformed a shallow, island-braided river in the study reach to one characterized by a deeper, single-thread channel. Dredge spoils from the main channel were used to fill secondary channels and other backwater areas, a practice with implications for reproduction, growth and/or survival of native plants and animals. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Collins, M. J.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA USA. [Miller, D.] Hudson River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hudson River Estuary Program, Staatsburg, NY USA. RP Collins, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA USA. EM Mathias.Collins@noaa.gov OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1246 EP 1253 DI 10.1002/rra.1509 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 017NC UT WOS:000309595700015 ER PT J AU Armstrong, AA Mayer, LA Mosher, DC AF Armstrong, Andrew A. Mayer, Larry A. Mosher, David C. TI Gathering Multibeam Bathymetry Aboard Icebreakers SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Armstrong, Andrew A.] NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH USA. [Mayer, Larry A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Mosher, David C.] Geol Survey Canada, Atlantic Nat Resources Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RP Armstrong, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH USA. FU NOAA [NA05NOS4001153] FX The authors thank the commanding officers and ships' companies of Louis S. St-Laurent and Healy, the entire science party of each ship and the supporting program staff from the governments of Canada and the United States, and the University of New Hampshire. The University of New Hampshire portion of the work was supported by NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA05NOS4001153. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 53 IS 10 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 028CP UT WOS:000310400700002 ER PT J AU Minello, TJ Rozas, LP Caldwell, PA Liese, C AF Minello, Thomas J. Rozas, Lawrence P. Caldwell, Philip A. Liese, Christopher TI A Comparison of Salt Marsh Construction Costs with the Value of Exported Shrimp Production SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Economic value; Fishery; Penaeid shrimp; Secondary production; Wetlands ID GALVESTON BAY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; TEXAS; NEKTON; HABITAT; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; VALUATION; MORTALITY AB Penaeid shrimp support valuable fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and shrimp productivity has been linked to coastal salt marshes. Continuing wetland loss in Galveston Bay, Texas (USA) has led to the development of various salt marsh restoration projects. These constructed wetlands often attempt to mimic natural marsh landscape characteristics within the region and incorporate marsh edge, because marsh edge appears important for fishery production. We estimated the value of shrimp production from nine of these constructed wetlands for comparison with project construction costs that ranged between $9,555 and $45,311 ha(-1) (2007 U.S.) Overall annual shrimp production attributable to the constructed wetlands ranged from 228 to 318 kg ha(-1). After adjusting for natural mortality and production expected from open water replaced by marsh, the constructed marshes contributed an enhanced annual shrimp production between 90 and 146 kg ha(-1). The annual value of this shrimp production from the nine wetlands ranged from $425 to $690 ha(-1), based on the ex-vessel price of shrimp harvested in Galveston Bay. In relation to construction costs, shrimp production was higher for marsh terracing projects and small marsh islands built with nearby sediment than for marsh islands built with dredged sand. C1 [Minello, Thomas J.; Caldwell, Philip A.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston, TX USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Liese, Christopher] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Minello, TJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX USA. EM tom.minello@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD OCT PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 791 EP 799 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0237-9 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024CK UT WOS:000310085100001 ER PT J AU Gao, J Vissers, MR Sandberg, MO da Silva, FCS Nam, SW Pappas, DP Wisbey, DS Langman, EC Meeker, SR Mazin, BA Leduc, HG Zmuidzinas, J Irwin, KD AF Gao, J. Vissers, M. R. Sandberg, M. O. da Silva, F. C. S. Nam, S. W. Pappas, D. P. Wisbey, D. S. Langman, E. C. Meeker, S. R. Mazin, B. A. Leduc, H. G. Zmuidzinas, J. Irwin, K. D. TI A titanium-nitride near-infrared kinetic inductance photon-counting detector and its anomalous electrodynamics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAYS; NOISE; BAND AB We demonstrate single-photon counting at 1550 nm with titanium-nitride (TiN) microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Full-width-at-half-maximum energy resolution of 0.4 eV is achieved. 0-, 1-, 2-photon events are resolved and shown to follow Poisson statistics. We find that the temperature-dependent frequency shift deviates from the Mattis-Bardeen theory, and the dissipation response shows a shorter decay time than the frequency response at low temperatures. We suggest that the observed anomalous electrodynamics may be related to quasiparticle traps or subgap states in the disordered TiN films. Finally, the electron density-of-states is derived from the pulse response. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4756916] C1 [Gao, J.; Vissers, M. R.; Sandberg, M. O.; da Silva, F. C. S.; Nam, S. W.; Pappas, D. P.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wisbey, D. S.] St Louis Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Langman, E. C.; Meeker, S. R.; Mazin, B. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Leduc, H. G.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 FU NASA [NNH11AR83I]; Keck Institute for Space Studies FX We thank T. Klapwijk, T. Norguchi, J. Martinis, G. O'Nell, and A. Lita for useful discussions. We acknowledge support for this work from the Keck Institute for Space Studies and NASA under Contract No. NNH11AR83I. The TiN film was deposited in the JPL Microdevices Lab (MDL), and the device was fabricated in the NIST cleanroom. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 14 AR 142602 DI 10.1063/1.4756916 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 017PS UT WOS:000309603300069 ER PT J AU Boland, T Black, PE AF Boland, Tim Black, Paul E. TI Juliet 1.1 C/C++ and Java Test Suite SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Boland, Tim; Black, Paul E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boland, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tboland@nist.gov; paul.black@nist.gov NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD OCT PY 2012 VL 45 IS 10 BP 88 EP 90 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 019KI UT WOS:000309738100026 ER PT J AU Sakulich, AR Bentz, DP AF Sakulich, A. R. Bentz, D. P. TI Incorporation of phase change materials in cementitious systems via fine lightweight aggregate SO CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Phase change material; Composite; Freeze/thaw; Lightweight aggregate ID THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE; PROTECTED PASTE VOLUME; SERVICE LIFE; CONCRETE; CONSTRUCTION; BUILDINGS AB A new technique to extend the service life of bridge decks, by reducing freeze/thaw damage through the incorporation of phase change materials (PCMs), has been investigated. The impregnation of two lightweight aggregates (LWAs) with four different PCMs was quantified, and compressive strength, isothermal calorimetry, and thermal property analyses were used to determine the effects of PCM incorporation on the physical properties of mortars. Physical and thermal property data were used to refine a previously-developed model and determine locations in the United States where PCM incorporation to reduce freeze/thaw damage may be a viable technology. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sakulich, A. R.; Bentz, D. P.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sakulich, AR (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Stop 7313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.sakulich@nist.gov; dale.bentz@nist.gov RI Sakulich, Aaron/G-6010-2014; OI Sakulich, Aaron/0000-0002-6796-4045 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0618 EI 1879-0526 J9 CONSTR BUILD MATER JI Constr. Build. Mater. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 35 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.042 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 016CA UT WOS:000309493700061 ER PT J AU Beard, JD Beck, C Graham, R Packham, SC Traphagan, M Giles, RT Morgan, JG AF Beard, John D. Beck, Celeste Graham, Randall Packham, Steven C. Traphagan, Monica Giles, Rebecca T. Morgan, John G. TI Winter Temperature Inversions and Emergency Department Visits for Asthma in Salt Lake County, Utah, 2003-2008 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; case-crossover; emergency department; interaction; inversion; winter ID CASE-CROSSOVER; AIR-POLLUTION; PATTERNS; URBAN AB BACKGROUND: Winter temperature inversions-layers of air in which temperature increases with altitude-trap air pollutants and lead to higher pollutant concentrations. Previous studies have evaluated associations between pollutants and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma, but none have considered inversions as independent risk factors for ED visits for asthma. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess associations between winter inversions and ED visits for asthma in Salt Lake County, Utah. METHODS: We obtained electronic records of ED visits for asthma and data on inversions, weather, and air pollutants for Salt Lake County, Utah, during the winters of 2003 through 2004 to 2007 through 2008. We identified 3,425 ED visits using a primary diagnosis of asthma. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design, and conditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate rate ratios of ED visits for asthma in relation to inversions during a 4-day lag period and prolonged inversions. We evaluated interactions between inversions and weather and pollutants. RESULTS: After adjusting for dew point and mean temperatures, the OR for ED visits for asthma associated with inversions 0-3 days before the visit compared with no inversions during the lag period was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.30). The OR for each 1-day increase in the number of inversion days during the lag period was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.07). Associations were only apparent when PM10 and maximum and mean temperatures were above median levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that winter inversions are associated with increased rates of ED visits for asthma. C1 [Beard, John D.] Utah Dept Hlth, Environm Epidemiol Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Beck, Celeste; Giles, Rebecca T.] Utah Dept Hlth, Asthma Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Graham, Randall; Traphagan, Monica] Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Packham, Steven C.] Utah Dept Environm Qual, Div Air Qual, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Morgan, John G.] Utah Dept Hlth, Off Hlth Care Stat, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. RP Beard, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, CB 7435,2101 McGavran Greenberg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jdbeard@email.unc.edu FU U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [1-U38-EH000182, 1-U59-EH000489]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [T32ES007018] FX Data, analyses, and technical support were provided by the Utah Environmental Public Health Tracking Network, Utah Department of Health (UDOH), which is funded, in part, by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; grant 1-U38-EH000182). Analyses and project oversight were provided by the Utah Asthma Program, which is fully funded by a CDC (grant 1-U59-EH000489). The emergency department data used in this analysis are owned by the Bureau of Emergency Medical Services, UDOH, but collected and managed by the Office of Health Care Statistics, UDOH. This research was supported, in part, by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS; award no. T32ES007018). NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 29 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 120 IS 10 BP 1385 EP 1390 DI 10.1289/ehp.1104349 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 018US UT WOS:000309692600019 PM 22784691 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA AF Lombardi, Michael A. TI Microsecond Accuracy at Multiple Sites: Is It Possible Without GPS? SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Global Positioning System; Clocks; Accuracy; Delay; Uncertainty; Base stations ID TIME TRANSFER; FREQUENCY; LINKS C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM lombardi@nist.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1109/MIM.2012.6314510 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 019HF UT WOS:000309728000004 ER PT J AU Wason, JD Wen, JT Gorman, JJ Dagalakis, NG AF Wason, John D. Wen, John T. Gorman, Jason J. Dagalakis, Nicholas G. TI Automated Multiprobe Microassembly Using Vision Feedback SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Computer vision; dexterous manipulation; force and tactile sensing; grasping; micro/nano robots ID MEMS ACTUATORS; FORCE; SILICON; SYSTEM; MICROMANIPULATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; MICROGRIPPER AB This paper describes the algorithm development and experimental results of a vision-guided multiprobe microassembly system. The key focus is to develop the capabilities required for the construction of 3-D structures using only planar microfabricated parts. Instead of using grippers, multiple sharp-tipped probes are coordinated to manipulate parts by using vision feedback. This novel probe-based approach offers both stable part grasping and dexterous part manipulation. The light weight of the part and relatively slow motion means that only kinematics-based control is required. However, probemotions need to be carefully coordinated to ensure reliable and repeatable part grasping and manipulation. Machine vision with multiple cameras is used to guide the motion. No contact force sensor is used; instead, vision sensing of the probe bending is used for the grasp force control. By combining preplanned manipulation sequences and vision-based manipulation, repeatable spatial (in contrast with planar) manipulation and insertion of a submillimeter part have been demonstrated with an experimental testbed consisting of two actuated probes, a passive probe, an actuated die stage, and two cameras for vision feedback. C1 [Wason, John D.; Wen, John T.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Gorman, Jason J.; Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wason, JD (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM wasonj@rpi.edu; wenj@rpi.edu; gorman@nist.gov; nicholas.dagalakis@nist.gov FU Center for Automation Technologies and Systems under New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation; Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center [EEC-0812056] FX This work was supported in part by the Center for Automation Technologies and Systems under a Block Grant from the New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation; in part by the Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; and in part by the National Science Foundation Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center under Grant EEC-0812056. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1552-3098 J9 IEEE T ROBOT JI IEEE Trans. Robot. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1090 EP 1103 DI 10.1109/TRO.2012.2200991 PG 14 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 019HL UT WOS:000309728700009 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL Fortin, TJ AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. Fortin, Tara J. TI Density and Speed of Sound Measurements of Four Bioderived Aviation Fuels SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID DISTILLATION CURVE METHOD; TURBINE FUELS; EQUATION; JET AB Compressed-liquid densities and ambient-pressure densities and speeds of sound of four biomass-derived fuels have been measured. The compressed-liquid measurements were made from (270 to 470) K and (0.5 to 50) MPa. The ambient-pressure measurements were made from (278 to 343) K. Compressed-liquid density data at 10 MPa and below were extrapolated to 0.083 MPa and, in combination with the ambient-pressure data, fitted to a Rackets equation, to allow comparison of the two sources of data. Additionally, the compressed-liquid density data have been correlated to a Tait equation, and parameters are given for each fuel. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Fortin, Tara J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Outcalt@Boulder.NIST.Gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD OCT PY 2012 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2869 EP 2877 DI 10.1021/je3008149 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 018BK UT WOS:000309634700032 ER PT J AU Campbell, SE Geiss, RH Feller, SA Ferguson, VL AF Campbell, Sara E. Geiss, Roy H. Feller, Steve A. Ferguson, Virginia L. TI Tunable glass reference materials for quantitative backscattered electron imaging of mineralized tissues SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-BONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BOROSILICATE GLASSES; DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; CALCIFIED TISSUES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; ATOMIC-NUMBER; IMAGES; COEFFICIENT; SEM AB Backscattered electron microscopy provides gray-level contrast resulting from variations in atomic composition. Through the use of reference materials, quantitative backscattered electron (qBSE) imaging can be used to measure the mineral content of mineralized tissues at submicron resolution. We have developed novel tunable reference materials that can be adjusted for analysis of an individual tissue or a wide range of tissues with variable atomic density. As an alternative to conventional metallic reference materials, these amorphous materials maintain long-term stability and possess no long-range order that may induce channeling contrast. Using these reference materials, we characterized the mineral content of a broad range of mineralized tissues from immature mouse femur to whale bulla. Mineral volume fraction correlated to more traditional measurements of mineral content with microcomputed tomography and ashing techniques. Further, we demonstrate the advantage of location-matched measurements of nanomechanical properties and qBSE mineral content. C1 [Campbell, Sara E.; Ferguson, Virginia L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campbell, Sara E.; Geiss, Roy H.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Feller, Steve A.] Coe Coll, Dept Phys, Cedar Rapids, IA 52402 USA. RP Ferguson, VL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM virginia.ferguson@colorado.edu RI Ferguson, Virginia/K-6962-2012 OI Ferguson, Virginia/0000-0002-8448-4406 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 27 IS 19 BP 2568 EP 2577 DI 10.1557/jmr.2012.266 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 019IA UT WOS:000309730700015 ER PT J AU Kessler, T Hagemann, C Grebing, C Legero, T Sterr, U Riehle, F Martin, MJ Chen, L Ye, J AF Kessler, T. Hagemann, C. Grebing, C. Legero, T. Sterr, U. Riehle, F. Martin, M. J. Chen, L. Ye, J. TI A sub-40-mHz-linewidth laser based on a silicon single-crystal optical cavity SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE DETECTORS; THERMAL-NOISE; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; LATTICE CLOCK; OSCILLATORS; RESONATOR; STABILITY; LINEWIDTH; COATINGS; COUNTERS AB State-of-the-art laser frequency stabilization by high-finesse optical cavities is limited fundamentally by thermal noise-induced cavity length fluctuations. We present a novel design to reduce this thermal noise limit by an order of magnitude as well as an experimental realization of this new cavity system, demonstrating the most stable oscillator of any kind to date for averaging times of 0.1-10 s. The cavity spacer and the mirror substrates are both constructed from single-crystal silicon and are operated at 124 K, where the silicon thermal expansion coefficient is zero and the mechanical loss is small. The cavity is supported in a vibration-insensitive configuration, which, together with the superior stiffness of the silicon crystal, reduces the vibration-related noise. With rigorous analysis of heterodyne beat signals among three independent stable lasers, the silicon system demonstrates a fractional frequency instability of 1 x 10(-16) at short timescales and supports a laser linewidth of <40 mHz at 1.5 mu m. C1 [Kessler, T.; Hagemann, C.; Grebing, C.; Legero, T.; Sterr, U.; Riehle, F.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Martin, M. J.; Chen, L.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, M. J.; Chen, L.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kessler, T (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM fritz.riehle@ptb.de; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX This silicon cavity work was supported and developed jointly by the Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The authors thank R. Lalezari of ATF for the coating of the silicon mirrors and Y. Lin of JILA for the initial finesse measurements. The authors also thank M. Notcutt and R. Fox for technical assistance with the construction of the second reference cavity. U. Kuetgens and D. Schulze are thanked for X-ray orientation of the spacer and mirrors, and G. Grosche for technical assistance with fibre noise cancellation. J. Ye thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support. NR 50 TC 223 Z9 229 U1 17 U2 91 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD OCT PY 2012 VL 6 IS 10 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2012.217 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 016MW UT WOS:000309523900016 ER PT J AU Pack, AA Herman, LM Spitz, SS Craig, AS Hakala, S Deakos, MH Herman, EYK Milette, AJ Carroll, E Levitt, S Lowe, C AF Pack, Adam A. Herman, Louis M. Spitz, Scott S. Craig, Alison S. Hakala, Siri Deakos, Mark H. Herman, Elia Y. K. Milette, Aliza J. Carroll, Elizabeth Levitt, Sonia Lowe, Carley TI Size-assortative pairing and discrimination of potential mates by humpback whales in the Hawaiian breeding grounds SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE assortative pairing; body size; humpback whale; mate discrimination; mating tactic; Megaptera novaeangliae ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; NORTH PACIFIC; WINTERING GROUNDS; MALE COMPETITION; CICHLID FISHES; BODY-SIZE; CHOICE; AGE; COLEOPTERA AB Assortative pairing, and its relation to mate choice, has rarely been documented in mammals. Using data collected during 1998-2007, we investigated size-assortative pairing as it relates to discrimination amongst potential mates in humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, dyads in the Hawaiian breeding grounds. Across 67 male-female dyads in which both individuals were measured using underwater videogrammetry, male length was positively correlated with female length. Detailed analyses on the assessment of maturity by comparisons with whaling data revealed that mature-sized females associated almost exclusively with mature-sized males and had a significant preference for large mature-sized males. In contrast, mature-sized males were less discriminating in their associations with females and showed no significant preference for mature-sized females. However, mature-sized males that associated with immature-sized females were significantly smaller than males that associated with mature-sized females. Finally, immature-sized males tended to associate with immature-sized females. The sex differences in size preference by mature whales probably reflect the relatively high costs of mature females mating with small or immature males compared to the lower costs of mature males mating with small or immature females. Body size appears to influence the adoption of alternative mating tactics by males such that smaller mature males avoid the costs of competing for the highest-quality females and instead focus their attentions on smaller females that may or may not be mature. Overall, our results provide the first quantitative evidence of size-assortative pairing and female discrimination amongst potential mates in humpback whales and indeed in any cetacean species. (C) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pack, Adam A.; Carroll, Elizabeth] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pack, Adam A.; Herman, Louis M.; Spitz, Scott S.; Herman, Elia Y. K.; Milette, Aliza J.; Levitt, Sonia] Dolphin Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Herman, Louis M.; Milette, Aliza J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Craig, Alison S.] Edinburgh Napier Univ, Sch Life Sport & Social Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hakala, Siri] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Deakos, Mark H.] Hawaii Assoc Marine Educ & Res Inc, Lahaina, HI USA. [Herman, Elia Y. K.] State Hawaii, Dept Land & Nat Resources, Honolulu, HI USA. [Lowe, Carley] Univ Hawaii, Trop Conservat Biol & Environm Sci Program, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Pack, AA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pack@hawaii.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Marine Mammal Institute FX We are grateful to the many interns that assisted in data collection, processing and analysis. We thank the SPLASH steering committee for permission to use data from the whales we biopsied for the SPLASH project. We also thank Scott Baker and Debbie Steel as well as Southwest Fisheries Science Center for carrying out the sex identification on the samples, with support from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the Marine Mammal Institute endowment. We also thank Brian Branstetter for his assistance in generating Fig. 2. This work was supported through contributions from members of The Dolphin Institute (TDI), TDI participants, Earthwatch volunteers, LeBurta Atherton, The Homeland Foundation, the Robles Foundation, the Seto Foundation, the LeBurta Atherton Foundation, Jeff Stone and the Resort Group, Apple Computer Inc., Dee Kiamy, John Cook and Pete Ellis. We thank James Waterman of Edinburgh Napier University for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. We also appreciate the comments of several anonymous referees and the Editor, Greg Grether. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 52 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 84 IS 4 BP 983 EP 993 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.07.024 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 017PB UT WOS:000309601400031 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS AF Cohl, H. S. TI Developments in determining the gravitational potential using toroidal functions (vol 321, pg 363, 2000) SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Correction DE errata; addenda; gravitation C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hcohl@nist.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 333 IS 8 BP 784 EP 785 DI 10.1002/asna.201211723 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 015QC UT WOS:000309460000013 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, CJ Nave, G Reader, J Kerber, F AF Sansonetti, Craig J. Nave, Gillian Reader, Joseph Kerber, Florian TI COMPREHENSIVE OBSERVATIONS OF THE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM AND IMPROVED ENERGY LEVELS FOR SINGLY IONIZED CHROMIUM (Cr II) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line: identification; methods: laboratory; techniques: spectroscopic; ultraviolet: general ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; TIME-VARIATION; ETA-CARINAE; FE-II; WAVELENGTHS; LINES; ABUNDANCES AB We report new observations of the spectrum of singly ionized chromium (Cr II) in the region 1142-3954 A. The spectra were recorded with the National Institute of Standards and Technology 10.7 m normal-incidence vacuum spectrograph and FT700 vacuum ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer. More than 3600 lines are classified as transitions among 283 even and 368 odd levels. The new spectral data are used to re-optimize the energy levels, reducing their uncertainties by a typical factor of 20. C1 [Sansonetti, Craig J.; Nave, Gillian; Reader, Joseph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kerber, Florian] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Sansonetti, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNH10AN38I] FX This work was partially supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under interagency agreement NNH10AN38I. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 202 IS 2 AR 15 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/202/2/15 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 016ZM UT WOS:000309558400005 ER PT J AU Rebischung, P Griffiths, J Ray, J Schmid, R Collilieux, X Garayt, B AF Rebischung, P. Griffiths, J. Ray, J. Schmid, R. Collilieux, X. Garayt, B. TI IGS08: the IGS realization of ITRF2008 SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE IGS; GNSS; ITRF; Terrestrial reference frame; Tracking network; Phase center calibration ID MODEL AB On April 17, 2011, the International GNSS Service (IGS) stopped using the IGS05 reference frame and adopted a new one, called IGS08, as the basis of its products. The latter was derived from the latest release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2008). However, the simultaneous adoption of a new set of antenna phase center calibrations by the IGS required slight adaptations of ITRF2008 positions for 65 of the 232 IGS08 stations. The impact of the switch from IGS05 to IGS08 on GNSS station coordinates was twofold: in addition to a global transformation due to the frame change from ITRF2005 to ITRF2008, many station coordinates underwent small shifts due to antenna calibration updates, which need to be accounted for in any comparison or alignment of an IGS05-consistent solution to IGS08. Because the heterogeneous distribution of the IGS08 network makes it sub-optimal for the alignment of global frames, a smaller well-distributed sub-network was additionally designed and designated as the IGS08 core network. Only 2 months after their implementation, both the full IGS08 network and the IGS08 core network already strongly suffer from the loss of many reference stations. To avoid a future crisis situation, updates of IGS08 will certainly have to be considered before the next ITRF release. C1 [Rebischung, P.; Collilieux, X.] Inst Geog Natl LAREG, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Rebischung, P.; Collilieux, X.] GRGS, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Griffiths, J.; Ray, J.] NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Schmid, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astron & Phys Geodaste, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Garayt, B.] Inst Geog Natl SGN, F-94165 St Mande, France. [Garayt, B.] GRGS, F-94165 St Mande, France. RP Rebischung, P (reprint author), Inst Geog Natl LAREG, 6-8 Ave Blaise Pascal, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. EM paul.rebischung@ign.fr RI Schmid, Ralf/E-7484-2011 OI Schmid, Ralf/0000-0002-8794-2230 NR 26 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 EI 1521-1886 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 16 IS 4 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s10291-011-0248-2 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 017BG UT WOS:000309563100007 ER PT J AU Jiang, XA Zhao, M Waliser, DE AF Jiang, Xianan Zhao, Ming Waliser, Duane E. TI Modulation of Tropical Cyclones over the Eastern Pacific by the Intraseasonal Variability Simulated in an AGCM SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NORTH-AMERICAN-MONSOON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BOREAL SUMMER; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; WESTERN PACIFIC; FORECAST SYSTEM; PRINCIPAL MODES AB This study illustrates that observed modulations of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the eastern Pacific (EPAC) by large-scale intraseasonal variability (ISV) are well represented in a recently developed high-resolution atmospheric model (HiRAM) at the NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) with a horizontal resolution of about 50 km. Considering the intrinsic predictability of the ISV of 2-4 weeks, this analysis thus has significant implications for dynamically based TC predictions on intraseasonal time scales. Analysis indicates that the genesis potential index (GPI) anomalies associated with the ISV can generally well depict ISV modulations of EPAC TC genesis in both observations and HiRAM simulations. Further investigation is conducted to explore the key factors associated with ISV modulation of TC activity based on an analysis of budget terms of the observed GPI during the ISV life cycle. It is found that, while relative roles of GPI factors are dependent on ISV phase and location, lower-level cyclonic vorticity, enhanced midlevel relative humidity, and reduced vertical wind shear can all contribute to the observed active TC genesis over the EPAC during particular ISV phases. In general, the observed anomalous ISV patterns of these large-scale GPI factors are well represented in HiRAM. Model deficiencies are also noted particularly in the anomalous midlevel relative humidity patterns and amplitude of vertical wind shear associated with the EPAC ISV. C1 [Jiang, Xianan; Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jiang, Xianan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Jiang, XA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 233-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xianan@jifresse.ucla.edu RI Jiang, Xianan/A-2283-2012; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 FU NOAAMAPP Program [NA09OAR4310191, NA11OAR4310086]; NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program [ATM-0934285]; U.S. Office of Naval Research through UCSD [N00014-10-1-0541]; NOAA CTB Program through the University of Hawaii at Manoa; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX XJ acknowledges support by the NOAAMAPP Program under Awards NA09OAR4310191 and NA11OAR4310086, and NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program under Award ATM-0934285. DW acknowledges support by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-10-1-0541 through UCSD, and by the NOAA CTB Program through the University of Hawaii at Manoa. We thank the editor, Dr. K. Walsh, and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, and B. Kahn and I.-S. Kang for insightful discussions. Thanks also to T. Kubar for his comments and editorial assistance. The Fortran code for GPI calculation was obtained from K. Emanuel's website. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 69 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 25 IS 19 BP 6524 EP 6538 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00531.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018IO UT WOS:000309653800005 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Yang, S Wu, RG Wen, ZP Chen, JM Wang, HJ AF Zhao, Ping Yang, Song Wu, Renguang Wen, Zhiping Chen, Junming Wang, Huijun TI Asian Origin of Interannual Variations of Summer Climate over the Extratropical North Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; TROPICAL-NORTH; SST ANOMALIES; VARIABILITY; MONSOON; MODEL; OSCILLATION; RAINFALL AB The authors have identified an interannual relationship between Asian tropospheric temperature and the North Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) during summer (May-September) and discussed the associated features of atmospheric circulation over the Atlantic-Eurasian region. When tropospheric temperature is high (low) over Asia, positive (negative) SST anomalies appear in the extratropical North Atlantic. This relationship is well supported by the changes in background atmospheric circulation and ocean-atmosphere-land thermodynamic processes. When heat transfer from the land surface to the atmosphere over Asia strengthens, local tropospheric temperature increases and positive temperature anomalies propagate westward from Asia to the North Atlantic, leading to an increase in summer tropospheric temperature over the Atlantic-Eurasian region. Accordingly, a deep anomalous ridge occurs over the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean, with low-level southerly anomalies over the western portion of the ocean. Sensitivity experiments with climate models show that the interannual variations of the North Atlantic-Eurasian atmospheric circulation may not be forced by the extratropical Atlantic SST. Instead, experiments with changing Asian land surface heating capture the above observed features of atmospheric circulation anomalies, westward propagation of tropospheric anomalies, and Atlantic SST anomalies. The consistency between the observational and model results indicates a possible impact of Asian land heating on the development of atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies over the Atlantic-Eurasian region. C1 [Zhao, Ping] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Ping] China Meteorol Adm, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wen, Zhiping] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chen, Junming] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Huijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhaop@cma.gov.cn RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; National Key Basic Research Project of China [2009CB421404]; foundation of State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of China FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that are helpful for improving the overall quality of the paper. We also thank the ECMWF for providing the ERA-40 reanalysis from its data server, the U.K. Hadley Centre for providing the monthly mean SST and SLP data on its home page, and NCAR for providing the CCSM3 and CAM3 on its home page. This work was jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 40921003), the National Key Basic Research Project of China (Grant 2009CB421404), and the foundation of State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of China. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 25 IS 19 BP 6594 EP 6609 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00617.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018IO UT WOS:000309653800010 ER PT J AU Dunne, JP John, JG Adcroft, AJ Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ Cooke, W Dunne, KA Harrison, MJ Krasting, JP Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Phillipps, PJ Sentman, LT Samuels, BL Spelman, MJ Winton, M Wittenberg, AT Zadeh, N AF Dunne, John P. John, Jasmin G. Adcroft, Alistair J. Griffies, Stephen M. Hallberg, Robert W. Shevliakova, Elena Stouffer, Ronald J. Cooke, William Dunne, Krista A. Harrison, Matthew J. Krasting, John P. Malyshev, Sergey L. Milly, P. C. D. Phillipps, Peter J. Sentman, Lori T. Samuels, Bonita L. Spelman, Michael J. Winton, Michael Wittenberg, Andrew T. Zadeh, Niki TI GFDL's ESM2 Global Coupled Climate-Carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; WORLD OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; TRACER TRANSPORTS; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; Z-COORDINATE AB The physical climate formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Models, ESM2M and ESM2G, are described. These models demonstrate similar climate fidelity as the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's previous Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) while incorporating explicit and consistent carbon dynamics. The two models differ exclusively in the physical ocean component; ESM2M uses Modular Ocean Model version 4p1 with vertical pressure layers while ESM2G uses Generalized Ocean Layer Dynamics with a bulk mixed layer and interior isopycnal layers. Differences in the ocean mean state include the thermocline depth being relatively deep in ESM2M and relatively shallow in ESM2G compared to observations. The crucial role of ocean dynamics on climate variability is highlighted in El Nino-Southern Oscillation being overly strong in ESM2M and overly weak in ESM2G relative to observations. Thus, while ESM2G might better represent climate changes relating to total heat content variability given its lack of long-term drift, gyre circulation, and ventilation in the North Pacific, tropical Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and depth structure in the overturning and abyssal flows, ESM2M might better represent climate changes relating to surface circulation given its superior surface temperature, salinity, and height patterns, tropical Pacific circulation and variability, and Southern Ocean dynamics. The overall assessment is that neither model is fundamentally superior to the other, and that both models achieve sufficient fidelity to allow meaningful climate and earth system modeling applications. This affords the ability to assess the role of ocean configuration on earth system interactions in the context of two state-of-the-art coupled carbon-climate models. C1 [Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert W.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Dunne, Krista A.; Harrison, Matthew J.; Krasting, John P.; Milly, P. C. D.; Phillipps, Peter J.; Sentman, Lori T.; Samuels, Bonita L.; Winton, Michael; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Adcroft, Alistair J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cooke, William; Krasting, John P.; Spelman, Michael J.; Zadeh, Niki] DRC, High Performance Technol Grp, Princeton, NJ USA. [Dunne, Krista A.; Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Dunne, JP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd,,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM john.dunne@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Zadeh, Niki/F-4532-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X NR 91 TC 243 Z9 247 U1 5 U2 83 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 25 IS 19 BP 6646 EP 6665 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00560.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018IO UT WOS:000309653800013 ER PT J AU Weaver, SJ Baxter, S Kumar, A AF Weaver, Scott J. Baxter, Stephen Kumar, Arun TI Climatic Role of North American Low-Level Jets on U.S. Regional Tornado Activity SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; SUMMER RAINFALL VARIABILITY; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; US; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; DROUGHT; ENSO; INTENSIFICATION AB Variability of springtime tornadic activity over the United States is assessed through the connectivity of preferred modes of North American low-level jet (NALLJ) variability to the local thermodynamic environment and remote SST variations. The link between regional tornado activity and NALLJ variability as diagnosed from a consistent reanalysis system (i.e., NCEP-NCAR) serves as dynamical corroboration in light of the inhomogeneous tornado database. The analysis reveals a multidecadal variation in the strength of the NALLJ-tornado connection, highlighted by tornado activity in the southern Great Plains region nearly doubling its correlation with NALLJ principal component 1 (PC 1) in recent decades. Locally, this is a result of a southward shift of NALLJ variability modes during the recent period. Motivated by these epochal shifts in NALLJ activity, a comparison of the early (1950-78) and late (1979-2010) tornado and NALLJ SST linkages indicates an Atlantic decadal SST variability influence during the early epoch, with Pacific decadal variability thereafter, highlighting the remote SST influence on the shifts in geographic placement and strength of NALLJ variability. The remote SST variability linkages further reveal that the observed global-scale SST trend pattern over the last 61 years may be contributing to a shift toward weaker tornadoes during spring in the northern Great Plains region. Tornado activity over the southeast region of the United States shows no such relationship to the SST trend pattern during spring, an immunity that is unexpected if spurious trends in the tornado database were influencing the SST linkage. C1 [Weaver, Scott J.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Weaver, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM scott.weaver@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 25 IS 19 BP 6666 EP 6683 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00568.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 018IO UT WOS:000309653800014 ER PT J AU Tulich, SN Kiladis, GN AF Tulich, Stefan N. Kiladis, George N. TI Squall Lines and Convectively Coupled Gravity Waves in the Tropics: Why Do Most Cloud Systems Propagate Westward? SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; EQUATORIAL BETA-PLANE; WESTERN PACIFIC; TOGA COARE; RESOLVING MODEL; DIURNAL PATTERNS; DEEP CONVECTION; VERTICAL-MODE; RAINFALL AB The coupling between tropical convection and zonally propagating gravity waves is assessed through Fourier analysis of high-resolution (3-hourly, 0.5 degrees) satellite rainfall data. Results show the familiar enhancement in power along the dispersion curves of equatorially trapped inertia-gravity waves with implied equivalent depths in the range 15-40 m (i.e., pure gravity wave speeds in the range 12-20 m s(-1)). Here, such wave signals are seen to extend all the way down to zonal wavelengths of around 500 km and periods of around 8 h, suggesting that convection-wave coupling may be important even in the context of mesoscale squall lines. This idea is supported by an objective wave-tracking algorithm, which shows that many previously studied squall lines, in addition to "2-day waves,'' can be classified as convectively coupled inertia-gravity waves with the dispersion properties of shallow-water gravity waves. Most of these disturbances propagate westward at speeds faster than the background flow. To understand why, the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Model is used to perform some near-cloud-resolving simulations of convection on an equatorial beta plane. Results indicate that low-level easterly shear of the background zonal flow, as opposed to steering by any mean flow, is essential for explaining the observed westward-propagation bias. C1 [Tulich, Stefan N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tulich, Stefan N.; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tulich, SN (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, ESRL R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.tulich@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0806553] FX Special thanks go to Prof. Tom Rickenbach, who provided the AMMA radar data, as well as to Dr. Paul Ciesielski, who provided the AMMA sonde data. Instructive discussions with Drs. Stan Trier and Rich Rotunno and Prof. Brian Mapes were helpful in preparing the manuscript. The WRF Model simulations were performed using computing time made available by the Advanced Computing Section of the National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory and by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0806553. NR 82 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2995 EP 3012 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0297.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 016YG UT WOS:000309555200006 ER PT J AU Yu, LL Jarrett, JM Davis, WC Kilpatrick, EL Oflaz, R Turk, GC Leber, DD Valentin, L Morel-Espinosa, M Blount, BC AF Yu, Lee L. Jarrett, Jeffery M. Davis, W. Clay Kilpatrick, Eric L. Oflaz, Rabia Turk, Gregory C. Leber, Dennis D. Valentin, Liza Morel-Espinosa, Maria Blount, Benjamin C. TI Characterization of perchlorate in a new frozen human urine standard reference material SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; Urine; Standard reference material; Certified reference material ID WEIGHTED MEANS STATISTICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; UNITED-STATES; INHIBITION; NITRATE AB Perchlorate, an inorganic anion, has recently been recognized as an environmental contaminant by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Urine is the preferred matrix for assessment of human exposure to perchlorate. Although the measurement technique for perchlorate in urine was developed in 2005, the calibration and quality assurance aspects of the metrology infrastructure for perchlorate are still lacking in that there is no certified reference material (CRM) traceable to the International System of Units. To meet the quality assurance needs in biomonitoring measurements of perchlorate and the related anions that affect thyroid health, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3668 Mercury, Perchlorate, and Iodide in Frozen Human Urine. SRM 3668 consists of perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate, iodine, and mercury in urine at two levels that represent the 50th and 95th percentiles, respectively, of the concentrations (with some adjustments) in the US population. It is the first CRM being certified for perchlorate. Measurements leading to the certification of perchlorate were made collaboratively at NIST and CDC using three methods based on liquid or ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Potential sources of bias were analyzed, and results were compared for the three methods. Perchlorate in SRM 3668 Level I urine was certified to be 2.70 +/- 0.21 mu g L-1, and for SRM 3668 Level II urine, the certified value is 13.47 +/- 0.96 mu g L-1. C1 [Yu, Lee L.; Davis, W. Clay; Kilpatrick, Eric L.; Oflaz, Rabia; Turk, Gregory C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jarrett, Jeffery M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Leber, Dennis D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Valentin, Liza; Morel-Espinosa, Maria; Blount, Benjamin C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.yu@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 404 IS 6-7 BP 1877 EP 1886 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6263-5 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 014AW UT WOS:000309348400026 PM 22850897 ER PT J AU Johnson, CN Bowers, JC Griffitt, KJ Molina, V Clostio, RW Pei, SF Laws, E Paranjpye, RN Strom, MS Chen, A Hasan, NA Huq, A Noriea, NF Grimes, DJ Colwell, RR AF Johnson, Crystal N. Bowers, John C. Griffitt, Kimberly J. Molina, Vanessa Clostio, Rachel W. Pei, Shaofeng Laws, Edward Paranjpye, Rohinee N. Strom, Mark S. Chen, Arlene Hasan, Nur A. Huq, Anwar Noriea, Nicholas F., III Grimes, D. Jay Colwell, Rita R. TI Ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in the Coastal and Estuarine Waters of Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, and Washington (United States) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; NORTHERN GULF; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; PATHOGENIC VIBRIOS; ATLANTIC COAST; CHOLERAE AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, which are native to estuaries globally, are agents of seafood-borne or wound infections, both potentially fatal. Like all vibrios autochthonous to coastal regions, their abundance varies with changes in environmental parameters. Sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), and chlorophyll have been shown to be predictors of zooplankton and thus factors linked to vibrio populations. The contribution of salinity, conductivity, turbidity, and dissolved organic carbon to the incidence and distribution of Vibrio spp. has also been reported. Here, a multicoastal, 21-month study was conducted to determine relationships between environmental parameters and V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus populations in water, oysters, and sediment in three coastal areas of the United States. Because ecologically unique sites were included in the study, it was possible to analyze individual parameters over wide ranges. Molecular methods were used to detect genes for thermolabile hemolysin (A), thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) as indicators of V. parahaemolyticus and the hemolysin gene vvhA for V. vulnificus. SST and suspended particulate matter were found to be strong predictors of total and potentially pathogenic V. parahaetnolyticus and V. vulnificus. Other predictors included chlorophyll a, salinity, and dissolved organic carbon. For the ecologically unique sites included in the study, SST was confirmed as an effective predictor of annual variation in vibrio abundance, with other parameters explaining a portion of the variation not attributable to SST. C1 [Johnson, Crystal N.; Molina, Vanessa; Clostio, Rachel W.; Pei, Shaofeng; Laws, Edward] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bowers, John C.] US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. [Griffitt, Kimberly J.; Noriea, Nicholas F., III; Grimes, D. Jay] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. [Paranjpye, Rohinee N.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Chen, Arlene; Hasan, Nur A.; Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Johnson, CN (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM cnjohnson@lsu.edu FU NSF RAPID grant [1043126]; NSF grant as part of the joint NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program [EF-0813285/EF-0813066]; NASA grant [NNX09AR57G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative [NA04-OAR-4600214]; NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service FX This work was supported by NSF RAPID grant 1043126 and NSF grant EF-0813285/EF-0813066 as part of the joint NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program and by NASA grant NNX09AR57G. Additional support was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative (NA04-OAR-4600214) and NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 82 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 78 IS 20 BP 7249 EP 7257 DI 10.1128/AEM.01296-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 013TL UT WOS:000309328700009 PM 22865080 ER PT J AU Bronnimann, S Grant, AN Compo, GP Ewen, T Griesser, T Fischer, AM Schraner, M Stickler, A AF Broennimann, Stefan Grant, Andrea N. Compo, Gilbert P. Ewen, Tracy Griesser, Thomas Fischer, Andreas M. Schraner, Martin Stickler, Alexander TI A multi-data set comparison of the vertical structure of temperature variability and change over the Arctic during the past 100 years SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-AIR-DATA; 20TH-CENTURY REANALYSIS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ICE VARIABILITY; NCEP-NCAR; CLIMATE; AMPLIFICATION; PERIOD AB We compare the daily, interannual, and decadal variability and trends in the thermal structure of the Arctic troposphere using eight observation-based, vertically resolved data sets, four of which have data prior to 1948. Comparisons on the daily scale between historical reanalysis data and historical upper-air observations were performed for Svalbard for the cold winters 1911/1912 and 1988/1989, the warm winters 1944/1945 and 2005/2006, and the International Geophysical Year 1957/1958. Excellent agreement is found at mid-tropospheric levels. Near the ground and at the tropopause level, however, systematic differences are identified. On the interannual time scale, the correlations between all data sets are high, but there are systematic biases in terms of absolute values as well as discrepancies in the magnitude of the variability. The causes of these differences are discussed. While none of the data sets individually may be suitable for trend analysis, consistent features can be identified from analyzing all data sets together. To illustrate this, we examine trends and 20-year averages for those regions and seasons that exhibit large sea-ice changes and have enough data for comparison. In the summertime Pacific Arctic and the autumn eastern Canadian Arctic, the lower tropospheric temperature anomalies for the recent two decades are higher than in any previous 20-year period. In contrast, mid-tropospheric temperatures of the European Arctic in the wintertime of the 1920s and 1930s may have reached values as high as those of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. C1 [Broennimann, Stefan; Stickler, Alexander] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Broennimann, Stefan; Stickler, Alexander] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Broennimann, Stefan; Grant, Andrea N.; Griesser, Thomas; Schraner, Martin; Stickler, Alexander] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ewen, Tracy] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Fischer, Andreas M.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland. [Schraner, Martin] Swiss Natl Supercomp Ctr CSCS, Manno, Switzerland. RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Hallerstr 12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM Stefan.broennimann@giub.unibe.ch RI Grant, Andrea/A-1693-2008; OI Grant, Andrea/0000-0002-1553-596X; COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; EU FP7 project ERA-CLIM; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects "Past climate variability from an upper-level perspective" and EVALUATE) and by the EU FP7 project ERA-CLIM. The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project (20CR) used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. Support for the 20CR dataset is provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. Constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers and also by P. D. Sardeshmukh of the University of Colorado CIRES/CDC and NOAA/ESRL/PSD on an earlier version of this manuscript are greatly appreciated. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 39 IS 7-8 BP 1577 EP 1598 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1291-6 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 013ZZ UT WOS:000309346100002 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Wang, CZ Wu, LX AF Zhang, Liping Wang, Chunzai Wu, Lixin TI Low-frequency modulation of the Atlantic warm pool by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic warm pool; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Low-frequency variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER RAINFALL; CLIMATE; OCEAN; PACIFIC; HEMISPHERE AB This paper investigates the low-frequency modulation of the Atlantic warm pool (AWP) by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). Consistent with previous study, it shows that the time series of AWP area varies in phase with the AMO on multidecadal timescales. However, the variability of AWP area is out of phase with the AMO: A small (large) variance of AWP area is associated with the AMO warm (cold) phase. In addition, the modulation of AWP area variability by the AMO has a large seasonality, with a small (large) modulation in summer (fall). The modulation of the annual AWP area variability is primarily determined by the low frequency changes in the Pacific ENSO and the local heat flux feedback, and countered by the low frequency changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation and the ocean mixed layer depth. The local heat flux feedback and mixed layer depth change also play important roles in the AMO-modulated seasonality of the AWP area variability. C1 [Zhang, Liping; Wu, Lixin] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wu, LX (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China. EM lxwu@ouc.edu.cn RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Creative Research Group Project [NSFC40921004]; Ministry of Education; China National Natural Science Foundation [40788002] FX This work is supported by the National Creative Research Group Project (NSFC40921004), Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Student granted by Ministry of Education and China National Natural Science Foundation Distinguished Young Investigator Project (40788002). NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 39 IS 7-8 BP 1661 EP 1671 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1257-0 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 013ZZ UT WOS:000309346100007 ER PT J AU Qin, Z Zou, X Weng, F AF Qin, Z. Zou, X. Weng, F. TI Comparison between linear and nonlinear trends in NOAA-15 AMSU-A brightness temperatures during 1998-2010 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate trend; Ensemble empirical mode decomposition; Brightness temperature ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; NONSTATIONARY TIME-SERIES; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; UNEXPLAINED DISCONTINUITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE NOISE; MSU; RECORD AB Brightness temperature observations from Microwave Sounding Unit and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on board National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites have been widely utilized for estimating the global climate trend in the troposphere and stratosphere. A common approach for deriving the trend is linear regression, which implicitly assumes the trend being a straight line over the whole length of a time series and is often highly sensitive to the data record length. This study explores a new adaptive and temporally local data analysis method-Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD)-for estimating the global trends. In EEMD, a non-stationary time series is decomposed adaptively and locally into a sequence of amplitude-frequency modulated oscillatory components and a time-varying trend. The AMSU-A data from the NOAA-15 satellite over the time period from October 26, 1998 to August 7, 2010 are employed for this study. Using data over Amazon rainforest areas, it is shown that channel 3 is least sensitive to the orbital drift among four AMSU-A surface sensitive channels. The decadal trends of AMSU-A channel 3 and other eight channels in the troposphere and stratosphere are deduced and compared using both methods. It is shown that the decadal climate trends of most AMSU-A channels are nonlinear except for channels 3-4 in Northern Hemisphere only and channels 12-13. Although the decadal trend variation of the global average brightness temperature is no more than 0.2 K, the regional decadal trend variation could be more (less) than 3 K (-3 K) in high latitudes and over high terrains. C1 [Qin, Z.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zou, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, F.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zou, X (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600] FX This work was supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project 2010CB951600. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 39 IS 7-8 BP 1763 EP 1779 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1296-1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 013ZZ UT WOS:000309346100014 ER PT J AU Rangwala, I Barsugli, J Cozzetto, K Neff, J Prairie, J AF Rangwala, Imtiaz Barsugli, Joseph Cozzetto, Karen Neff, Jason Prairie, James TI Mid-21st century projections in temperature extremes in the southern Colorado Rocky Mountains from regional climate models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Colorado Rocky Mountains; NARCCAP regional climate models; Seasonal projections; Maximum and minimum temperature; Snow albedo moisture feedbacks ID UNITED-STATES; EUROPE; 20TH-CENTURY; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; SCENARIOS; TRENDS AB This study analyzes mid-21st century projections of daily surface air minimum (T-min) and maximum (T-max) temperatures, by season and elevation, over the southern range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The projections are from four regional climate models (RCMs) that are part of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). All four RCMs project 2A degrees C or higher increases in T-min and T-max for all seasons. However, there are much greater (> 3A degrees C) increases in T-max during summer at higher elevations and in T-min during winter at lower elevations. T-max increases during summer are associated with drying conditions. The models simulate large reductions in latent heat fluxes and increases in sensible heat fluxes that are, in part, caused by decreases in precipitation and soil moisture. T-min increases during winter are found to be associated with decreases in surface snow cover, and increases in soil moisture and atmospheric water vapor. The increased moistening of the soil and atmosphere facilitates a greater diurnal retention of the daytime solar energy in the land surface and amplifies the longwave heating of the land surface at night. We hypothesize that the presence of significant surface moisture fluxes can modify the effects of snow-albedo feedback and results in greater wintertime warming at night than during the day. C1 [Rangwala, Imtiaz; Barsugli, Joseph] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cozzetto, Karen; Neff, Jason] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cozzetto, Karen; Neff, Jason] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Prairie, James] Univ Colorado, Bur Reclamat, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rangwala, I (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM rangwala@marine.rutgers.edu RI Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015; OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396; NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 FU UCAR PACE fellowship; National Science Foundation [AGS-1064326] FX We are very thankful to the two anonymous reviewers for their time and insightful comments that have significantly improved our manuscript. IR acknowledges the support of the UCAR PACE fellowship for this work. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (AGS-1064326). NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 39 IS 7-8 BP 1823 EP 1840 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1282-z PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 013ZZ UT WOS:000309346100017 ER PT J AU Lopez-Duarte, PC Carson, HS Cook, GS Fodrie, FJ Becker, BJ DiBacco, C Levin, LA AF Lopez-Duarte, Paola C. Carson, Henry S. Cook, Geoffrey S. Fodrie, F. Joel Becker, Bonnie J. DiBacco, Claudio Levin, Lisa A. TI What Controls Connectivity? An Empirical, Multi-Species Approach SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE INVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; PELAGIC LARVAL DURATION; REEF FISH LARVAE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; ELEMENTAL SIGNATURES; BRACHYURAN LARVAE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISPERSAL; RECRUITMENT AB The exchange of individuals among habitat patches (connectivity) has broad relevance for the conservation and management of marine metapopulations. Elemental fingerprinting-based research conducted over the past 12 years along the open coastline and bays of San Diego County in southern California evaluated connectivity patterns for seven species: one native and two invasive mussels, an oyster, a brachyuran crab, and two fishes. The studies spanned different years and seasons but overlapped considerably in space, allowing comparisons of dispersal patterns across species, and assessment of the relative importance of location, circulation, and intra-annual and inter-annual variability. We asked whether the species exhibited commonalities in directional transport, transport distances, sources and sinks, self-recruitment, and bay-ocean exchange. Linked connectivity-demographic analyses conducted for two species of mytilid mussels and two fishes allowed evaluation of the contributions of realized connectivity to metapopulation dynamics relative to other life-history attributes. Common trends across species include average along-shore dispersal distances of 15-35 km and seasonal changes in direction of dispersal that mirrored patterns of along-shore circulation. We observed greater isolation of back-bay populations, significant exchange from front bay to ocean, and high self-recruitment in locations on the northern, open coast, and in the southern bays. Connectivity was rarely the most influential driver of growth and persistence of metapopulations, but influenced the importance of other vital rates. Several locations served consistently as sources of larvae or as nurseries for multiple species, but there were few sites in common that were sinks. For the mussels, reproductive timing guided directional transport. These results imply that local management (e.g., habitat protection, opening of the mouths of lagoons, location of aquaculture farms) may be effective along this coastline. Regional, multi-species assessments of exchange of larvae should move us closer to ecosystem-based management. C1 [Lopez-Duarte, Paola C.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Cosatal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Carson, Henry S.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cook, Geoffrey S.] Univ Miami, Resenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cook, Geoffrey S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fodrie, F. Joel] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Fodrie, F. Joel] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Becker, Bonnie J.] Univ Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [DiBacco, Claudio] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Levin, Lisa A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Levin, Lisa A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lopez-Duarte, PC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Cosatal Sci, Marine Field Stn, 800 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. EM lopez-duarte@rutgers.edu RI Cook, Geoffrey/A-7469-2014 FU US National Science Foundation [OCE 0327209, OCE 0648656, OCE-0548190, OCE-0326110]; California Sea Grant [OCA6A479, NA080AR417066, NA080AR417 0669]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-96-1-0025, N00014-97-1-0344, N00014-00-1-0174, N00014-01-1-0473]; United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program; National Science Foundation Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) Fellowship [0333444]; Cabrillo National Monument Foundation; UC Marine Science Council FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation Grants (OCE 0327209, OCE 0648656, OCE-0548190, and OCE-0326110); California Sea Grant (OCA6A479, NA080AR417066, NA080AR417 0669); Office of Naval Research (N00014-96-1-0025, N00014-97-1-0344, N00014-00-1-0174, N00014-01-1-0473); United States Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program (to G.S.C.); National Science Foundation Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) Fellowship (grant number 0333444 to G.S.C.); Cabrillo National Monument Foundation; and UC Marine Science Council. NR 63 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 106 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 52 IS 4 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1093/icb/ics104 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 014KK UT WOS:000309374400007 PM 22888173 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Hannan, KM Hoffmayer, ER Jensen, J AF Driggers, W. B., III Hannan, K. M. Hoffmayer, E. R. Jensen, J. TI Abnormal blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, embryo from the northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHONDRICHTHYES; TERATOLOGY C1 [Driggers, W. B., III; Hannan, K. M.; Hoffmayer, E. R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Jensen, J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Stat Field Off, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 827 EP 828 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01924.x PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 007GY UT WOS:000308878000026 ER PT J AU Basusta, A Basusta, N Sulikowski, JA Driggers, WB Demirhan, SA Cicek, E AF Basusta, A. Basusta, N. Sulikowski, J. A. Driggers, W. B., III Demirhan, S. A. Cicek, E. TI Length-weight relationships for nine species of batoids from the Iskenderun Bay, Turkey SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHINOBATOS-RHINOBATOS; COMMON GUITARFISH AB Presented are lengthweight relationships for Rhinobatos rhinobatos, Rhinobatos cemiculus, Gymnura altevela, Dasyatis pastinaca, Rhinoptera marginata, Pteromylaeus bovinus, Torpedo nobiliana, Raja miraletus and Raja clavata captured by gillnet, longline and bottom trawl fishing between May 2010 and July 2011 off the east coast of Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. C1 [Basusta, A.; Basusta, N.] Firat Univ, Fac Fisheries, TR-23119 Elazig, Turkey. [Basusta, N.; Sulikowski, J. A.] Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME USA. [Driggers, W. B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Demirhan, S. A.] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Fac Fisheries, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey. [Cicek, E.] Nevsehir Univ, Fac Sci & Art, Dept Biol, Nevsehir, Turkey. RP Basusta, N (reprint author), Firat Univ, Fac Fisheries, TR-23119 Elazig, Turkey. EM nbasusta@hotmail.com FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [TO-VAG 1 09O 634] FX The authors thank E. Aslan, N. Beyazit, A. K. Ozcan, and N. Gayir for their assistance in obtaining the fish samples and E. I. Ozer, O. V. Duman and H. Girgin for their help in the laboratory. The permit for experimental fishing was granted to us by the General Directorate of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Turkish Republic to collect elasmobranches in these locations and during the months of April, May and June when the waters are closed to commercial fishing. All data were obtained from Project, which was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project No: TO-VAG 1 09O 634. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 850 EP 851 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02013.x PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 007GY UT WOS:000308878000034 ER PT J AU Weir, MD Chow, LC Xu, HHK AF Weir, M. D. Chow, L. C. Xu, H. H. K. TI Remineralization of Demineralized Enamel via Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposite SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dental nanocomposite; calcium phosphate nanoparticles; human enamel; lesion remineralization; contact microradiography; caries inhibition ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL COMPOSITES; RESTORATIONS; LESIONS; INHIBITION; MOUTHRINSE; BIOFILMS; RELEASE; INVITRO; PLAQUE AB Secondary caries remains the main problem limiting the longevity of composite restorations. The objective of this study was to investigate the remineralization of demineralized human enamel in vitro via a nanocomposite containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). NACP were synthesized by a spray-drying technique and incorporated into a dental resin. First, caries-like subsurface enamel lesions were created via an acidic solution. Then, NACP nanocomposite or a commercial fluoride-releasing control composite was placed on the demineralized enamel, along with control enamel without a composite. These specimens were then treated with a cyclic demineralization/remineralization regimen for 30 days. Quantitative microradiography showed typical enamel subsurface demineralization before cyclic demineralization/remineralization treatment, and significant remineralization in enamel under the NACP nanocomposite after the demineralization/remineralization treatment. The NACP nanocomposite had the highest enamel remineralization (mean +/- SD; n = 6) of 21.8 +/- 3.7%, significantly higher than the 5.7 +/- 6.9% for fluoride-releasing composite (p < 0.05). The enamel group without composite had further demineralization of -26.1 +/- 16.2%. In conclusion, a novel NACP nanocomposite was effective in remineralizing enamel lesions in vitro. Its enamel remineralization was 4-fold that of a fluoride-releasing composite control. Combined with the good mechanical and acid-neutralization properties reported earlier, the new NACP nanocomposite is promising for remineralization of demineralized tooth structures. C1 [Weir, M. D.; Chow, L. C.; Xu, H. H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chow, L. C.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [R01DE17974]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry FX We thank Drs. S. Takagi, G. E. Schumacher, A. A. Giuseppetti, B. D. Schmuck, C. M. Carey, K. M. Hoffman, and D. Skrtic for fruitful discussions. We are grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA, USA) and Ivoclar Vivadent (Amherst, NY, USA) for donating the materials. This study was supported by NIH R01DE17974 (HX) and the University of Maryland School of Dentistry. The authors declare no conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified to specify the experimental procedures. This does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST or the ADA. NR 35 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 29 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 91 IS 10 BP 979 EP 984 DI 10.1177/0022034512458288 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 007HH UT WOS:000308878900014 PM 22933607 ER PT J AU Renchen, GF Pittman, SJ Brandt, ME AF Renchen, G. F. Pittman, S. J. Brandt, M. E. TI Investigating the behavioural responses of trapped fishes using underwater video surveillance SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; conspecific attraction; fish traps; ghostfishing; marine debris; U; S; Virgin Islands AB An underwater video surveillance system known as TrapCam was used to continuously record (15 xc. 24 h periods) fish behaviour within and immediately surrounding an experimental fish trap situated in a coral reef ecosystem in the United States Virgin Islands. Of the 100 fishes (18 species, 12 families) trapped, surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) and snappers (Lutjanidae) were most common. Thirteen distinctively identifiable behaviours were observed for trapped fishes. Species did not differ significantly in the proportion of time allocated to different behaviours (ANOSIM, R = 0.142). Doctorfish Acanthurus chirurgus and grey angelfish Pomacanthus arcuatus allocated the largest proportion of their recorded time to enter and exit the trap. Fishes spent an average of 15 min in the trap before escaping. Sixty-seven per cent of trap approaches consisted of an individual of the same species as one already trapped suggesting that conspecific attraction may have occurred. Fifteen per cent of trapped species were observed with abrasions to the head and 70% were observed approaching the trap corners. The results of this study provide a greater understanding of the behavioural interactions between fishes and traps that can help explain patterns of catch composition, the physical condition of fishes in traps and inform design of gear modifications to optimize by-catch reduction in the trap fishery. C1 [Renchen, G. F.; Brandt, M. E.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Renchen, G. F.; Pittman, S. J.] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Renchen, GF (reprint author), Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. EM gabby.folger@gmail.com FU NOAA FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA Marine Debris Program for funding 100% of this project. We owe much gratitude to the local U.S. Virgin Islands fishermen, particularly members of the St Thomas Fishermen's Association. For field assistance we thank University of the Virgin Islands graduate students; J. Renchen, R. Brewer, B. Legare and L. Henderson. The project and manuscript were greatly improved with comments from R. Hill, D. Olsen, R. Nemeth and a number of anonymous reviewers. This is contribution #85 for the Center for Marine and Environmental Studies at the University of the Virgin Islands. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1611 EP 1625 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03418.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 015NI UT WOS:000309452800010 PM 23020564 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL MacCuspie, RI Stone, MO Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Chavez, Jorge L. MacCuspie, Robert I. Stone, Morley O. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI Colorimetric detection with aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates: effect of aptamer length on response SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Aptamer; Riboflavin detection; Colorimetric; Nanoparticles stability; Aggregation kinetics ID SURFACE INTERACTIONS; RNA LIGANDS; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; RIBOFLAVIN; MICROARRAYS; STABILITY; MOLECULES; ADENOSINE; SELECTION AB A riboflavin binding aptamer (RBA) was used in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to detect riboflavin in vitro. The RBA-AuNP conjugates (RBA-AuNPs) responded colorimetrically to the presence of riboflavin and this response could be followed by the naked eye. This system was used as a model to study how modifications on the aptamer sequence affect the RBA-AuNPs' stability and their response to their target. To mimic primers and other sequence modifications typically used in aptamer work, the RBA was extended by adding extra bases to its 5' end. These extra bases were designed to avoid interactions with the RBA binding site. The response of these RBA-AuNPs was evaluated and compared. Dynamic light scattering and UV-aggregation kinetics studies showed that the length of the aptamer significantly affected the RBA-AuNPs' stability and, as a consequence, the magnitude of the detection response to riboflavin. The addition of thymine nucleotides instead of random tails to the RBA showed that the effects observed were not specific to the sequence used. This study shows that modifications of the aptamer sequence provide a means to improve the stability of aptamer-AuNPs conjugates and their sensing response. C1 [Chavez, Jorge L.; Stone, Morley O.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelley-Loughnane, N (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nancy.Kelley-Loughnane@wpafb.af.mil OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Biometrics and Forensics Office FX This work was partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Defense Biometrics and Forensics Office). JLC participation was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. and the Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 101 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 14 IS 10 AR 1166 DI 10.1007/s11051-012-1166-0 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 013YD UT WOS:000309341200030 ER PT J AU Gorham, JM MacCuspie, RI Klein, KL Fairbrother, DH Holbrook, RD AF Gorham, Justin M. MacCuspie, Robert I. Klein, Kate L. Fairbrother, D. Howard Holbrook, R. David TI UV-induced photochemical transformations of citrate-capped silver nanoparticle suspensions SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; AgNPs; Photolysis; NanoEHS; Nanoparticle transformations; Liquid TEM ID DONNAN MEMBRANE TECHNIQUE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; METAL-ION CONCENTRATIONS; DISSOLUTION; TOXICITY; WATER; NANOMATERIALS; PERSISTENCE; ABSORBENCY; STABILITY AB Due to the increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products, it is essential to understand how variables, such as light exposure, may change the physical and chemical characteristics of AgNP suspensions. To this end, the effect of 300 nm ultraviolet (UV) light on (20, 40, 60 and 80) nm citrate-capped AgNP suspensions has been investigated. As a consequence of irradiation, the initial yellow hue of the AgNP suspensions is transformed towards a near colorless solution due to the loss of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorbance. The decrease in SPR absorbance followed a first-order decay process for all particle sizes with a rate constant that increased linearly with the AgNP specific surface area and non-linearly with light intensity. The rate of loss of the SPR absorbance decreased with increasing citrate concentration, suggesting a surface-mediated transformation. Absorbance, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering results all indicated that AgNP photolysis was accompanied by a diameter decrease and occasional aggregation. Furthermore, in situ transmission electron microscopy imaging using a specialized liquid cell also showed a decrease in the particle size and the formation of a core-shell structure in UV-exposed AgNPs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis suggested that this shell consisted of oxidized silver. The SPR in UV-exposed AgNP suspensions could be regenerated by addition of a strong reducing agent (NaBH4), supporting the idea that oxidized silver is present after photolysis. Evidence for UV-enhanced dissolution and the production of silver ions was obtained with the Donnan membrane technique. This study reveals that the physico-chemical properties of aqueous AgNP suspensions will change significantly upon exposure to UV light, with implications for environmental health and safety risk assessments. C1 [Gorham, Justin M.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Klein, Kate L.; Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fairbrother, D. Howard] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Gorham, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM justin.gorham@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU National Research Council; NIEHS SEED grant FX The authors acknowledge the National Research Council for funding and Ben Yezer for useful comments and suggestions. The cleaning, membrane conditioning, and sampling protocols were kindly supplied by Dr. Erwin Temminghoff (Wageningen University). DHF acknowledges support from an NIEHS SEED grant administered by JHU School of Public Health. NR 66 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 132 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 14 IS 10 AR 1139 DI 10.1007/s11051-012-1139-3 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 013YD UT WOS:000309341200007 ER PT J AU Zook, JM Halter, MD Cleveland, D Long, SE AF Zook, Justin M. Halter, Melissa D. Cleveland, Danielle Long, Stephen E. TI Disentangling the effects of polymer coatings on silver nanoparticle agglomeration, dissolution, and toxicity to determine mechanisms of nanotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aggregation; Hemolysis; Nanosilver; Silver colloid; Dissolution ID IN-VITRO; AGGREGATION; ABSORBENCY; RELEASE; CELLS; IONS AB Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are frequently coated with a variety of polymers, which may affect various interdependent mechanisms of toxicity or antimicrobial action, including agglomeration and dissolution rates. Here, we systematically measure how citrate, dextran, 5 and 20 kDa poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) coatings affect AgNP agglomeration, dissolution, and toxicity. In addition, to disentangle the coatings' effects on agglomeration from their other effects, we produce multiple stable agglomerate sizes of several of the coated similar to 23 nm AgNPs ranging from singly-dispersed to mean agglomerate sizes of several hundred nanometers. These dispersions allow us to independently study the effects of agglomeration and polymer coating on dissolution rate and hemolytic toxicity. We find that both hemolytic toxicity and dissolution rate are highest for the 5 kDa PEG coating, and toxicity and dissolution rate decrease significantly with increasing agglomerate size independent of coating. This correlation between toxicity and dissolution rate suggests that both polymer coating and agglomeration may affect hemolytic toxicity largely through their effects on dissolution. Because both the AgNP dissolution rate and hemolysis decrease only moderately compared to the large increases in agglomerate size, AgNPs' hemolytic toxicity may be caused by their large surface area and consequently high dissolution rate, rather than from other size-specific effects. At the silver concentrations used in this work, silver dissolved from AgNPs is expected to be primarily in the form of AgCl NPs, which are therefore more likely than Ag+ ions to be the primary drivers of hemolytic toxicity. In addition, all AgNPs we tested are much more toxic to horse red blood cells than sheep red blood cells, highlighting the complexity of toxic responses and the need to test toxicity in multiple biological systems. C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Halter, Melissa D.; Cleveland, Danielle; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zook, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jzook@nist.gov RI Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008; OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402; Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584 FU NRC; NSF at NIST FX The authors thank Robert MacCuspie and Carly Lay Geronimo for preparing the AgNPs with different polymer coatings. JMZ was funded by an NRC postdoctoral research fellowship, and MDH was funded by an NSF Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship at NIST. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this report to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 90 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 14 IS 10 AR 1165 DI 10.1007/s11051-012-1165-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 013YD UT WOS:000309341200029 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS AF Cohl, Howard S. TI FORMULAS AND THEOREMS FOR THE SPECIAL FUNCTIONS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS (vol 41, pg 775, 1966) SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Correction DE Ferrers functions; associated Legendre functions; hypergeometric functions C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cohl, Howard S.] Univ Auckland, Dept Math, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 81 IS 280 BP 2251 EP 2251 AR PII S0025-5718(2012)02612-3 PG 1 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 013OR UT WOS:000309315200014 ER PT J AU Kohler, S Begelman, MC AF Kohler, Susanna Begelman, Mitchell C. TI Magnetic domination of recollimation boundary layers in relativistic jets SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE MHD; relativistic processes; shock waves; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HYDRODYNAMIC COLLIMATION; RADIO-SOURCES; DRIVEN JETS; WINDS; FLOWS; ACCELERATION; SIMULATIONS; DISKS AB We study the collimation of relativistic magnetohydrodynamic jets by the pressure of an ambient medium, in the limit where the jet interior loses causal contact with its surroundings. This follows up a hydrodynamic study in a previous paper, adding the effects of a toroidal magnetic field threading the jet. As the ultrarelativistic jet encounters an ambient medium with a pressure profile with a radial scaling of p ? r-? where 2 < ? < 4, it loses causal contact with its surroundings and forms a boundary layer with a large pressure gradient. By constructing self-similar solutions to the fluid equations within this boundary layer, we examine the structure of this layer as a function of the external pressure profile. We show that the boundary layer always becomes magnetically dominated far from the source, and that in the magnetic limit, physical self-similar solutions are admitted in which the total pressure within the layer decreases linearly with distance from the contact discontinuity inwards. These solutions suggest a hollow-cone behaviour of the jet, with the boundary-layer thickness prescribed by the value of ?. In contrast to the hydrodynamical case, however, the boundary layer contains an asymptotically vanishing fraction of the jet energy flux. C1 [Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kohler, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kohlers@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF [AST-0907872]; NASA Astrophysics Theory Programme [NNX09AG02G]; NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Guest Investigator programme FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907872, NASA Astrophysics Theory Programme grant NNX09AG02G and NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Guest Investigator programme. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 426 IS 1 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21876.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009ZQ UT WOS:000309064600044 ER PT J AU Guerra, A Portela, JM Roura, A del Rio, JL Vecchione, M AF Guerra, Angel Portela, Julio M. Roura, Alvaro Luis del Rio, Jose Vecchione, Michael TI Morphological variability of the rare bush-club squid Batoteuthis (Cephalopoda, Batoteuthidae)? SO NEUES JAHRBUCH FUR GEOLOGIE UND PALAONTOLOGIE-ABHANDLUNGEN LA English DT Article DE Systematics; Batoteuthis skolops; cephalopods; Patagonian slope AB A specimen of Batoteuthidae was caught during the research cruise ATLANTIS 2009 on 21 March 2009 at 45 degrees 09.51' S - 45 degrees 08.07' S - 59 degrees 29.04' W - 59 degrees 27.98' W (Patagonian slope), depth 1195-1221 m. This specimen is a juvenile male, 105 mm mantle length. It is the largest Batoteuthis with complete tentacles captured to date. It shares the main diagnostic characters of the family. We compared that specimen with the types of Batoteuthis skolops, the only known species in the family. Our specimen has several differences from the types (lower tail length index, different fin shape, arm length indices 3-4 times longer, tentacles and clubs 4 or 5 times longer than the types, distinct arrangement of suckers in ventral arms, and different number, size and disposition of suckers in tentacular clubs) suggesting that it might be a different species. However, we cannot refute the alternative hypothesis that the differences are ontogenic. Until additional good specimens become available or molecular analyses are undertaken, we recommend a conservative approach of considering our specimen tentatively to be a growth form of Batoteuthis skolops. C1 [Guerra, Angel; Roura, Alvaro] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Vigo 36208, Spain. [Portela, Julio M.; Luis del Rio, Jose] CO Vigo, IEO, Vigo 36200, Spain. [Vecchione, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Guerra, A (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain. EM angelguerra@iim.csic.es; julio.portela@vi.ieo.es; aroura@iim.csic.es; joseluis.delrio@vi.ieo.es; VecchioneM@si.edu RI Roura, Alvaro/L-6754-2014 OI Roura, Alvaro/0000-0003-3532-6759 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0077-7749 J9 NEUES JAHRB GEOL P-A JI Neues. Jahrb. Geol. Palaontol.-Abh. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 266 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1127/0077-7749/2012/0267 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 016HQ UT WOS:000309508800010 ER PT J AU Nutters, HM da Silva, PP AF Nutters, Heidi M. da Silva, Patricia Pinto TI Fishery stakeholder engagement and marine spatial planning: Lessons from the Rhode Island Ocean SAMP and the Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA USE MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; PARTICIPATION; COMMUNITIES; GOVERNANCE; FRAMEWORK; US AB Coastal and marine spatial planning (CMSP) is a key component of the US National Ocean Policy. Efforts to implement CMSP in US federal waters are beginning in earnest. Beyond sound science and data, a stakeholder engagement process that encourages public participation, collaboration and communication between disparate groups is at the heart of effective marine spatial planning (MSP). While a rich body of literature on stakeholder engagement exists, few opportunities exist to compare different stakeholder engagement processes as they occur on the ground for a particular stakeholder group. Between 2008 and 2010 marine spatial planning efforts were conducted by the neighboring US states of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan and Rhode Island Ocean SAMP provide models for the nation in structuring effective stakeholder processes for ocean management. Within both states, commercial fishermen were identified as key stakeholders. For this study, commercial fishermen's perceptions of the engagement process in Massachusetts and Rhode Island were examined. Specifically, this paper explores the role fishermen sought in these two pioneering MSP efforts, and the role they felt they actually played. Key findings include the need for clear communication of the role of stakeholders, stakeholder empowerment and background stakeholder analysis to understand the needs and challenges faced by participating groups. This work provided a unique opportunity to examine how each ocean planning effort engaged commercial fishermen and to reflect on lessons learned for future such initiatives in the US and beyond. Exploring effectiveness through the perceptions of primary stakeholders such as commercial fishermen further elucidates the challenges and opportunities of carrying out MSP and stakeholder processes in practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nutters, Heidi M.] Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [da Silva, Patricia Pinto] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Nutters, HM (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM hnutters@gmail.com NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 67 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.05.020 PG 10 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 014MK UT WOS:000309379700002 ER PT J AU Svejkovsky, J Lehr, W Muskat, J Graettinger, G Mullin, J AF Svejkovsky, Jan Lehr, William Muskat, Judd Graettinger, George Mullin, Joseph TI Operational Utilization of Aerial Multispectral Remote Sensing during Oil Spill Response: Lessons Learned During the Deepwater Horizon (MC-252) Spill SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; SENSORS AB A rapidly deployable aerial multispectral sensor utilizing four channels in the visible-near-m and one channel in the thermal in was developed along with processing software to identify oil-on-water and map its spatial extents and thickness distribution patterns. Following validation over natural oil seeps and at Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement's (BSEE's) Ohmsett test tank, the system was utilized operationally on a near-daily basis for three months during the Deepwater Horizon (MC-252) spill in the Gulf of Mexico in summer 2010. Digital, GIS-compatible analyses were produced and disseminated following each flight mission. The analysis products were utilized for a multitude of response activities including daily offshore oil recovery planning, oil trajectory modeling, dispersant application effect documentation, beached oil mapping and documentation of the relative oil amount along the spill's offshore perimeter. The system's prime limitation was its relatively narrow imaging footprint and low sun angle requirement to minimize sunglint, both of which limited the total area that could be imaged each day. This paper discusses the system's various applications as well as limitations that were encountered during its use in the Deepwater Horizon incident. C1 [Svejkovsky, Jan] Ocean Imaging Corp, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Lehr, William; Graettinger, George] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Muskat, Judd] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. [Mullin, Joseph] Joseph Mullin Consulting LLC, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Svejkovsky, J (reprint author), Ocean Imaging Corp, 201 Lomas Santa Fe Dr,Suite 370, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. EM jan@oceani.com FU California Department of Fish & Game's Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR); Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement; British Petroleum FX The initial spill mapping system development work was funded by research grants from California Department of Fish & Game's Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR) and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (formerly the US Minerals Management Service, presently Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement). The operational use of the system during the DWH spill was funded by British Petroleum, with aircraft and pilot crew generously made available to OI by NOAA. We greatly thank BP's Robert M. Frost for his many contributions to this work, both during the response and during preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 78 IS 10 BP 1089 EP 1102 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016AT UT WOS:000309490400007 ER PT J AU Brewer, TM Demoranville, LT AF Brewer, Tim M. Demoranville, Leonard T. TI Elemental and molecular speciation of lead particles by dynamic C-60 secondary ion mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC SOURCE SIGNATURES; ATMOSPHERIC LEAD; STATIC SIMS; HEMISPHERE; OXIDES AB In this work, dynamic C-60(+) secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been used for the complete speciation (molecular, fine - a subset of molecular speciation - and elemental) of a series of lead salts - lead( II and IV) oxide, lead(II and IV) acetate. The molecular and elemental lead characterization and differentiation for a series of acetate and oxide molecules is demonstrated utilizing both positive and negative ion modes. The results show the feasibility of direct speciation without the need for reference spectra by stoichiometric ratioing both molecular and elemental ions. Ratioing the intensities of specific high-m/z ions can differentiate compounds comprised of the same elements in different oxidation states (fine speciation). It is anticipated that this work can be extended to the analysis of particle mixtures to provide speciation information of inorganic particles by their molecular signals not available through isotopic patterns. C1 [Brewer, Tim M.; Demoranville, Leonard T.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brewer, TM (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM timothy.brewer@nist.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PD OCT PY 2012 VL 4 IS 10 BP 3491 EP 3496 DI 10.1039/c2ay25676b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 012LS UT WOS:000309238300065 ER PT J AU Miesch, MS Featherstone, NA Rempel, M Trampedach, R AF Miesch, Mark S. Featherstone, Nicholas A. Rempel, Matthias Trampedach, Regner TI ON THE AMPLITUDE OF CONVECTIVE VELOCITIES IN THE DEEP SOLAR INTERIOR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE convection; stars: interiors; stars: rotation; Sun: dynamo; Sun: interior; Sun: rotation ID FLUX-TRANSPORT DYNAMO; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; TURBULENT CONVECTION; MIXING-LENGTH; MODELS; FLOW; CYCLE; ZONE; SUN AB We obtain lower limits on the amplitude of convective velocities in the deep solar convection zone (CZ) based only on the observed properties of the differential rotation and meridional circulation together with simple and robust dynamical balances obtained from the fundamental magnetohydrodynamics equations. The linchpin of the approach is the concept of gyroscopic pumping whereby the meridional circulation across isosurfaces of specific angular momentum is linked to the angular momentum transport by the convective Reynolds stress. We find that the amplitude of the convective velocity must be at least 30 m s(-1) in the upper CZ (r similar to 0.95R) and at least 8 m s(-1) in the lower CZ (r similar to 0.75R) in order to be consistent with the observed mean flows. Using the base of the near-surface shear layer as a probe of the rotational influence, we are further able to show that the characteristic length scale of deep convective motions must be no smaller than 5.5-30 Mm. These results are compatible with convection models but suggest that the efficiency of the turbulent transport assumed in advection-dominated flux-transport dynamo models is generally not consistent with the mean flows they employ. C1 [Miesch, Mark S.; Featherstone, Nicholas A.; Rempel, Matthias] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trampedach, Regner] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, Regner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Miesch, MS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM miesch@ucar.edu OI Miesch, Mark/0000-0003-1976-0811 FU NASA [NNH09AK14I, NNX08AI57G]; National Science Foundation FX We thank Yuhong Fan and Bidya Karak for comments on the manuscript and the anonymous referee for constructive criticisms that have improved the presentation. We also thank Rachel Howe for providing the rotational inversions used to construct Figure 2 and Kyle Augustson, Ben Brown, Nick Nelson, and Juri Toomre for many enlightening and inspiring discussions. This work is supported by NASA grants NNH09AK14I (Heliophysics SR&T) and NNX08AI57G (Heliophysics Theory Program). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 75 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 757 IS 2 AR 128 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/128 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 010QF UT WOS:000309108500021 ER PT J AU Estrada, E Simon-Manso, Y AF Estrada, Ernesto Simon-Manso, Yamil TI Escherynes: Novel carbon allotropes with belt shapes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID C-60; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; AROMATICITY AB A new family of belt-shaped carbon structures, called Escherynes, is theoretically proposed using the octadehydro annulene (ODA) skeleton as a building block. Several ODA rings are fused together and cyclized to form belt-structures. Two isomeric forms of the Escherynes are considered, Huckel and Mobius. We demonstrate that these compounds have thermodynamical and kinetic stabilities comparable to fullerenes. Density functional calculations of the structures revealed: (i) that Escherynes are relatively stable molecules, (ii) they have high affinity for lithium, (iii) large Mobius Escherynes (>60 atoms) are as stable as Huckel belts, and (iv) Mobius Escherynes display remarkable optical activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Estrada, Ernesto] Univ Strathclyde, Inst Complex Syst, Dept Math & Stat, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Simon-Manso, Yamil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Estrada, E (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Inst Complex Syst, Dept Math & Stat, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM ernesto.estrada@strath.ac.uk OI Estrada, Ernesto/0000-0002-3066-7418 FU University of Strathclyde FX We thank Prof. R. Hoffmann (Cornell), Drs. K. Irikura and R. A. Zangmeister (NIST) for critical reading of the manuscript and useful suggestions. EE thanks the New Professor's Fund, University of Strathclyde for partial financial support. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 548 BP 80 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.07.063 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 008SG UT WOS:000308976200015 ER PT J AU Dodder, NG Maruya, KA Lauenstein, GG Ramirez, J Ritter, KJ Schiff, KC AF Dodder, Nathan G. Maruya, Keith A. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. Ramirez, Juan Ritter, Kerry J. Schiff, Kenneth C. TI Distribution and sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Southern California Bight SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polybrominated diphenyl ether; Marine sediment; Southern California Bight; Urban runoff ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SEDIMENTS; PBDES; WASTE; WATER; ENVIRONMENT; RESOURCES; KNOWLEDGE; CHINA AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in surface sediments from 121 locations within the Southern California Bight. Site selection was based on a probabilistic approach to determine the spatial extent and magnitude of PBDE concentrations with known confidence intervals. Coastal embayments (including estuaries, marinas, ports, and bays) and the continental shelf out to the lower slope were sampled. Thirteen PBDEs were detected at 92 of the sites, with a geometric mean and maximum of 4.7 and 560?ng/g dry weight (sum of 13 congeners), respectively. The PBDE concentrations were higher in coastal embayments than in offshore locations. Embayments had an area-weighted geometric mean total PBDE concentration of 12 (95% confidence interval, 8.017) ng/g dry weight and a total PBDE mass of 110 (77160) kg. The offshore stratum, which is 99% of the total area, had an area-weighted geometric mean total PBDE concentration of 2.0 (1.62.5) ng/g dry weight and a total PBDE mass of 860 (7001,100) kg. The five highest PBDE concentrations were associated with the mouths of urban rivers, indicating that urban runoff is likely a major input of PBDEs to these coastal marine waters. The outfalls of wastewater treatment plants were not observed to be major sources. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 22392245. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Dodder, Nathan G.; Maruya, Keith A.; Ritter, Kerry J.; Schiff, Kenneth C.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ramirez, Juan] B&B Labs, College Stn, TX USA. RP Dodder, NG (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. EM nathand@sccwrp.org RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2239 EP 2245 DI 10.1002/etc.1957 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 008AE UT WOS:000308928700007 PM 22833350 ER PT J AU Chambers, RC Davis, DD Habeck, EA Roy, NK Wirgin, I AF Chambers, R. Christopher Davis, Dawn D. Habeck, Ehren A. Roy, Nirmal K. Wirgin, Isaac TI TOXIC EFFECTS OF PCB126 AND TCDD ON SHORTNOSE STURGEON AND ATLANTIC STURGEON SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hudson River; early-life-stage toxicities; larval survivorship; eye development; morphometrics ID LIFE-STAGE DEVELOPMENT; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; RAINBOW-TROUT; HUDSON RIVER; LAKE TROUT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; ZEBRAFISH; FISH; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION AB Exposure to chemical contaminants is often invoked to explain recruitment failures to populations of sturgeon worldwide, but there is little empirical evidence to support the idea that young sturgeon are sensitive at environmentally relevant concentrations. The authors used shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostum) and Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) as models to investigate the sensitivities of sturgeon to early-life-stage toxicities from embryonic exposures to graded doses of polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Survival to hatching of shortnose sturgeon decreased with increasing dose, although the duration of the embryonic period was not significantly altered by exposure in either species. Morphometric features of larvae of both species were affected by dose, including shortening of the body, reduction in head size, reduction in quantity of yolk reserves, and reduction in eye size. Eye development in both species was delayed with increasing dose for both chemicals. The persistence of larvae in a food-free environment decreased inversely with dose in both species, with sharp declines occurring at PCB126 and TCDD doses of =1 ppb and =0.1 ppb, respectively. Dose-responsive early-life-stage toxicities reported here are among the more sensitive found in fish and occurred at burdens similar to those found in situ in a sympatric bottom-dwelling bony fish in the Hudson River Estuary. The present study is among the first demonstrating the sensitivity of any sturgeon to the hallmark early-life-stage toxicities induced by aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 23242337. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Roy, Nirmal K.; Wirgin, Isaac] NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. [Chambers, R. Christopher; Davis, Dawn D.; Habeck, Ehren A.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Howard Marine Sci Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. EM isaac.wirgin@nyumc.org FU Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees; Life History and Recruitment Group at the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory; Molecular Facilities Cores of NYU NIEHS Center [ES00260]; NYU SRP [ES10344] FX Funding was provided by the Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees as part of the ongoing Hudson River Natural Resource Damage Assessment. We acknowledge the support of the Life History and Recruitment Group at the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory and Molecular Facilities Cores of NYU NIEHS Center grant ES00260 and NYU SRP grant ES10344. The conclusions and opinions presented in these presentations are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of NOAA, the Hudson River Trustees, or the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2324 EP 2337 DI 10.1002/etc.1953 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 008AE UT WOS:000308928700018 PM 22825886 ER PT J AU den Herder, JW Piro, L Ohashi, T Kouveliotou, C Hartmann, DH Kaastra, JS Amati, L Andersen, MI Arnaud, M Atteia, JL Bandler, S Barbera, M Barcons, X Barthelmy, S Basa, S Basso, S Boer, M Branchini, E Branduardi-Raymont, G Borgani, S Boyarsky, A Brunetti, G Budtz-Jorgensen, C Burrows, D Butler, N Campana, S Caroli, E Ceballos, M Christensen, F Churazov, E Comastri, A Colasanti, L Cole, R Content, R Corsi, A Costantini, E Conconi, P Cusumano, G de Plaa, J De Rosa, A Del Santo, M Di Cosimo, S De Pasquale, M Doriese, R Ettori, S Evans, P Ezoe, Y Ferrari, L Finger, H Figueroa-Feliciano, T Friedrich, P Fujimoto, R Furuzawa, A Fynbo, J Gatti, F Galeazzi, M Gehrels, N Gendre, B Ghirlanda, G Ghisellini, G Gilfanov, M Giommi, P Girardi, M Grindlay, J Cocchi, M Godet, O Guedel, M Haardt, F den Hartog, R Hepburn, I Hermsen, W Hjorth, J Hoekstra, H Holland, A Hornstrup, A van der Horst, A Hoshino, A in't Zand, J Irwin, K Ishisaki, Y Jonker, P Kitayama, T Kawahara, H Kawai, N Kelley, R Kilbourne, C de Korte, P Kusenko, A Kuvvetli, I Labanti, M Macculi, C Maiolino, R Hesse, MM Matsushita, K Mazzotta, P McCammon, D Mendez, M Mignani, R Mineo, T Mitsuda, K Mushotzky, R Molendi, S Moscardini, L Natalucci, L Nicastro, F O'Brien, P Osborne, J Paerels, F Page, M Paltani, S Pedersen, K Perinati, E Ponman, T Pointecouteau, E Predehl, P Porter, S Rasmussen, A Rauw, G Rottgering, H Roncarelli, M Rosati, P Quadrini, E Ruchayskiy, O Salvaterra, R Sasaki, S Sato, K Savaglio, S Schaye, J Sciortino, S Shaposhnikov, M Sharples, R Shinozaki, K Spiga, D Sunyaev, R Suto, Y Takei, Y Tanvir, N Tashiro, M Tamura, T Tawara, Y Troja, E Tsujimoto, M Tsuru, T Ubertini, P Ullom, J Ursino, E Verbunt, F van de Voort, F Viel, M Wachter, S Watson, D Weisskopf, M Werner, N White, N Willingale, R Wijers, R Yamasaki, N Yoshikawa, K Zane, S AF den Herder, Jan-Willem Piro, Luigi Ohashi, Takaya Kouveliotou, Chryssa Hartmann, Dieter H. Kaastra, Jelle S. Amati, L. Andersen, M. I. Arnaud, M. Atteia, J. -L. Bandler, S. Barbera, M. Barcons, X. Barthelmy, S. Basa, S. Basso, S. Boer, M. Branchini, E. Branduardi-Raymont, G. Borgani, S. Boyarsky, A. Brunetti, G. Budtz-Jorgensen, C. Burrows, D. Butler, N. Campana, S. Caroli, E. Ceballos, M. Christensen, F. Churazov, E. Comastri, A. Colasanti, L. Cole, R. Content, R. Corsi, A. Costantini, E. Conconi, P. Cusumano, G. de Plaa, J. De Rosa, A. Del Santo, M. Di Cosimo, S. De Pasquale, M. Doriese, R. Ettori, S. Evans, P. Ezoe, Y. Ferrari, L. Finger, H. Figueroa-Feliciano, T. Friedrich, P. Fujimoto, R. Furuzawa, A. Fynbo, J. Gatti, F. Galeazzi, M. Gehrels, N. Gendre, B. Ghirlanda, G. Ghisellini, G. Gilfanov, M. Giommi, P. Girardi, M. Grindlay, J. Cocchi, M. Godet, O. Guedel, M. Haardt, F. den Hartog, R. Hepburn, I. Hermsen, W. Hjorth, J. Hoekstra, H. Holland, A. Hornstrup, A. van der Horst, A. Hoshino, A. in't Zand, J. Irwin, K. Ishisaki, Y. Jonker, P. Kitayama, T. Kawahara, H. Kawai, N. Kelley, R. Kilbourne, C. de Korte, P. Kusenko, A. Kuvvetli, I. Labanti, M. Macculi, C. Maiolino, R. Mas Hesse, M. Matsushita, K. Mazzotta, P. McCammon, D. Mendez, M. Mignani, R. Mineo, T. Mitsuda, K. Mushotzky, R. Molendi, S. Moscardini, L. Natalucci, L. Nicastro, F. O'Brien, P. Osborne, J. Paerels, F. Page, M. Paltani, S. Pedersen, K. Perinati, E. Ponman, T. Pointecouteau, E. Predehl, P. Porter, S. Rasmussen, A. Rauw, G. Rottgering, H. Roncarelli, M. Rosati, P. Quadrini, E. Ruchayskiy, O. Salvaterra, R. Sasaki, S. Sato, K. Savaglio, S. Schaye, J. Sciortino, S. Shaposhnikov, M. Sharples, R. Shinozaki, K. Spiga, D. Sunyaev, R. Suto, Y. Takei, Y. Tanvir, N. Tashiro, M. Tamura, T. Tawara, Y. Troja, E. Tsujimoto, M. Tsuru, T. Ubertini, P. Ullom, J. Ursino, E. Verbunt, F. van de Voort, F. Viel, M. Wachter, S. Watson, D. Weisskopf, M. Werner, N. White, N. Willingale, R. Wijers, R. Yamasaki, N. Yoshikawa, K. Zane, S. TI ORIGIN: metal creation and evolution from the cosmic dawn SO EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE X-ray; Mission; Gamma-ray bursts; Clusters of galaxies; Warm-hot intergalactic medium; Chemical evolution ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; UNIVERSE; FOREST; YIELDS AB ORIGIN is a proposal for the M3 mission call of ESA aimed at the study of metal creation from the epoch of cosmic dawn. Using high-spectral resolution in the soft X-ray band, ORIGIN will be able to identify the physical conditions of all abundant elements between C and Ni to red-shifts of z = 10, and beyond. The mission will answer questions such as: When were the first metals created? How does the cosmic metal content evolve? Where do most of the metals reside in the Universe? What is the role of metals in structure formation and evolution? To reach out to the early Universe ORIGIN will use Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) to study their local environments in their host galaxies. This requires the capability to slew the satellite in less than a minute to the GRB location. By studying the chemical composition and properties of clusters of galaxies we can extend the range of exploration to lower redshifts (z similar to 0.2). For this task we need a high-resolution spectral imaging instrument with a large field of view. Using the same instrument, we can also study the so far only partially detected baryons in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). The less dense part of the WHIM will be studied using absorption lines at low redshift in the spectra for GRBs. The ORIGIN mission includes a Transient Event Detector (coded mask with a sensitivity of 0.4 photon/cm(2)/s in 10 s in the 5-150 keV band) to identify and localize 2000 GRBs over a five year mission, of which similar to 65 GRBs have a redshift > 7. The Cryogenic Imaging Spectrometer, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV, a field of view of 30 arcmin and large effective area below 1 keV has the sensitivity to study clusters up to a significant fraction of the virial radius and to map the denser parts of the WHIM (factor 30 higher than achievable with current instruments). The payload is complemented by a Burst InfraRed Telescope to enable onboard red-shift determination of GRBs (hence securing proper follow up of high-z bursts) and also probes the mildly ionized state of the gas. Fast repointing is achieved by a dedicated Controlled Momentum Gyro and a low background is achieved by the selected low Earth orbit. C1 [den Herder, Jan-Willem; Kaastra, Jelle S.; Costantini, E.; de Plaa, J.; den Hartog, R.; Hermsen, W.; in't Zand, J.; Jonker, P.; de Korte, P.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Piro, Luigi; Colasanti, L.; Corsi, A.; De Rosa, A.; Del Santo, M.; Di Cosimo, S.; Gendre, B.; Cocchi, M.; Macculi, C.; Natalucci, L.; Ubertini, P.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Rome, Italy. [Ohashi, Takaya; Ezoe, Y.; Ishisaki, Y.; Kawahara, H.; Sasaki, S.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Kouveliotou, Chryssa; van der Horst, A.; Weisskopf, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Hartmann, Dieter H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Amati, L.; Caroli, E.; Labanti, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Bologna, Italy. [Andersen, M. I.; Fynbo, J.; Hjorth, J.; Pedersen, K.; Watson, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Arnaud, M.] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Atteia, J. -L.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, LAT, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Bandler, S.; Barthelmy, S.; Gehrels, N.; Kelley, R.; Kilbourne, C.; Porter, S.; Troja, E.; White, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barbera, M.; Cusumano, G.; Mineo, T.; Perinati, E.; Sciortino, S.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale, Palermo, Italy. [Barcons, X.; Ceballos, M.] IFCA, Santander, Spain. [Basa, S.] Observ Marseille, F-13248 Marseille, France. [Basso, S.; Campana, S.; Conconi, P.; Ghirlanda, G.; Ghisellini, G.; Spiga, D.] Osservatorio Astronomico Brera, INAF, Milan, Italy. [Boer, M.] Observ Haute Provence, Haute Provence, France. [Branchini, E.; Ursino, E.] Univ Roma III, Rome, Italy. [Branduardi-Raymont, G.; Cole, R.; De Pasquale, M.; Hepburn, I.; Mignani, R.; Page, M.; Zane, S.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. [Borgani, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron, Trieste, Italy. [Boyarsky, A.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Brunetti, G.] INAF IRA, Bologna, Italy. [Budtz-Jorgensen, C.; Christensen, F.; Hornstrup, A.; Kuvvetli, I.] Tech Univ Denmark, DNSC, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Burrows, D.] Penn State Univ, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Butler, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Churazov, E.; Gilfanov, M.; Sunyaev, R.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Munich, Germany. [Costantini, E.; Ettori, S.; Moscardini, L.] INAF Osservatorio Astron, Bologna, Italy. [Content, R.; Sharples, R.] Univ Durham, Durham, England. [Doriese, R.; Irwin, K.; Ullom, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Evans, P.; O'Brien, P.; Osborne, J.; Tanvir, N.; Willingale, R.] Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. [Ferrari, L.; Gatti, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Finger, H.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsvile, AL USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Friedrich, P.; Predehl, P.; Savaglio, S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Fujimoto, R.; Hoshino, A.] Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. [Furuzawa, A.; Tawara, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Giommi, P.] ASI Data Ctr, Frascati, Italy. [Grindlay, J.] Harvard Univ, CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Godet, O.; Pointecouteau, E.] CESR, Toulouse, France. [Guedel, M.] Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria. [Haardt, F.; Salvaterra, R.] Univ Insubria, Como, Italy. [Hoekstra, H.; Rottgering, H.; Schaye, J.; van de Voort, F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands. [Holland, A.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Kitayama, T.] Toho Univ, Chiba 2748510, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Kusenko, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Maiolino, R.; Nicastro, F.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Rome, Italy. [Mas Hesse, M.] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Madrid, Spain. [Matsushita, K.; Sato, K.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Tokyo 162, Japan. [Mazzotta, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Mendez, M.] Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [Mitsuda, K.; Takei, Y.; Tamura, T.; Tsujimoto, M.; Yamasaki, N.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa, Japan. [Mushotzky, R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Molendi, S.; Quadrini, E.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Milan, Italy. [Paerels, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia, NY USA. [Paltani, S.] Univ Geneva, ISDC, Versoix, Switzerland. [Ponman, T.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Rasmussen, A.; Werner, N.] KIPAC Stanford, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Rauw, G.] Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium. [Roncarelli, M.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Rosati, P.] ESO, Garching, Germany. [Ruchayskiy, O.; Shaposhnikov, M.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Shinozaki, K.] JAXA, Aerosp Res & Dev Directorate, Ibaraki, Japan. [Suto, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Tashiro, M.] Saitama Univ, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Tsuru, T.] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Verbunt, F.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Wachter, S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wijers, R.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Yoshikawa, K.] Univ Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP den Herder, JW (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM J.W.A.den.Herder@sron.nl RI Fynbo, Johan/L-8496-2014; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015; Ruchayskiy, Oleg/E-3698-2015; Watson, Darach/E-4521-2015; Caroli, Ezio/G-1427-2012; Ettori, Stefano/N-5004-2015; Amati, Lorenzo/N-5586-2015; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; Ceballos, Maria Teresa/K-9140-2014; Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012; PIRO, LUIGI/E-4954-2013; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa/C-2649-2008; Barcons, Xavier/L-3335-2014; Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Tamura, Takayuki/K-8236-2012; Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; Yamasaki, Noriko/C-2252-2008; Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Gatti, Flavio/K-4568-2013; Sharples, Ray/N-7309-2013; gendre, bruce/O-2923-2013 OI De Rosa, Alessandra/0000-0001-5668-6863; Molendi, Silvano/0000-0002-2483-278X; Schaye, Joop/0000-0002-0668-5560; Savaglio, Sandra/0000-0003-2354-3238; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo/0000-0001-5876-9259; Ghisellini, Gabriele/0000-0002-0037-1974; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420; Macculi, Claudio/0000-0002-7887-1485; Branchini, Enzo/0000-0002-0808-6908; Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439; Salvaterra, Ruben/0000-0002-9393-8078; Fynbo, Johan/0000-0002-8149-8298; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588; Ruchayskiy, Oleg/0000-0001-8073-3068; Watson, Darach/0000-0002-4465-8264; Caroli, Ezio/0000-0001-8468-7433; Ettori, Stefano/0000-0003-4117-8617; Amati, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5355-7388; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Ceballos, Maria Teresa/0000-0001-6074-3621; Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Spiga, Daniele/0000-0003-1163-7843; Del Santo, Melania/0000-0002-1793-1050; Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Viel, Matteo/0000-0002-2642-5707; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708; PIRO, LUIGI/0000-0003-4159-3984; Barcons, Xavier/0000-0003-1081-8861; Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Sharples, Ray/0000-0003-3449-8583; gendre, bruce/0000-0002-9077-2025 FU Astrium UK FX The team likes to express its appreciation for the support of Astrium UK for the present study. Earlier studies, which also confirmed the feasibility of this concept were carried out by Thales/Alenia and NASA/MSFC. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6435 EI 1572-9508 J9 EXP ASTRON JI Exp. Astron. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 SI SI BP 519 EP 549 DI 10.1007/s10686-011-9224-7 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 012IU UT WOS:000309230600014 ER PT J AU Christie, MR Marine, ML French, RA Waples, RS Blouin, MS AF Christie, M. R. Marine, M. L. French, R. A. Waples, R. S. Blouin, M. S. TI Effective size of a wild salmonid population is greatly reduced by hatchery supplementation SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE bottleneck; genetic diversity; fisheries; parentage; relatedness; salmon ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; STEELHEAD TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; LARGE-SCALE; PROGRAMS; FITNESS; RIVER; ADAPTATION; DIVERSITY; PARENTAGE AB Many declining and commercially important populations are supplemented with captive-born individuals that are intentionally released into the wild. These supplementation programs often create large numbers of offspring from relatively few breeding adults, which can have substantial population-level effects. We examined the genetic effects of supplementation on a wild population of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Hood River, Oregon, by matching 12 run-years of hatchery steelhead back to their broodstock parents. We show that the effective number of breeders producing the hatchery fish (broodstock parents; N-b) was quite small (harmonic mean N-b = 25 fish per brood-year vs 373 for wild fish), and was exacerbated by a high variance in broodstock reproductive success among individuals within years. The low N-b caused hatchery fish to have decreased allelic richness, increased average relatedness, more loci in linkage disequilibrium and substantial levels of genetic drift in comparison with their wild-born counterparts. We also documented a substantial Ryman-Laikre effect whereby the additional hatchery fish doubled the total number of adult fish on the spawning grounds each year, but cut the effective population size of the total population (wild and hatchery fish combined) by nearly two-thirds. We further demonstrate that the Ryman-Laikre effect is most severe in this population when (1) > 10% of fish allowed onto spawning grounds are from hatcheries and (2) the hatchery fish have high reproductive success in the wild. These results emphasize the trade-offs that arise when supplementation programs attempt to balance disparate goals (increasing production while maintaining genetic diversity and fitness). Heredity (2012) 109, 254-260; doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.39; published online 18 July 2012 C1 [Christie, M. R.; Marine, M. L.; Blouin, M. S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [French, R. A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, The Dalles, OR USA. [Waples, R. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Christie, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christim@science.oregonstate.edu RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX The views and opinions presented here are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of his/her employers. We thank William Ardren, Becky Cooper, Vindhya Amarasinghe, Jeff Stephenson, and the Oregon State Center for Genome Research and Biotechnology for their advice and help with lab protocols and genotyping efforts. We are especially grateful to all ODFW staff that collected data and acquired tissue samples for this extensive data set. We also thank Hitoshi Araki, Lyle Curtis and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and discussions. This research was funded by grants from the Bonneville Power Administration to Michael Blouin. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 96 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2012 VL 109 IS 4 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1038/hdy.2012.39 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 010QR UT WOS:000309109700008 PM 22805657 ER PT J AU Wang, CMJ Hale, PD Jargon, JA Williams, DF Remley, KA AF Wang, C. M. Jack Hale, Paul D. Jargon, Jeffrey A. Williams, Dylan F. Remley, Kate A. TI Sequential Estimation of Timebase Corrections for an Arbitrarily Long Waveform SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Eye diagram; jitter; oscilloscopes; timebase distortion (TBD); waveform metrology ID EYE-DIAGRAM ANALYSIS; SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; BASE DISTORTION; JITTER NOISE; COMPENSATION AB We present a procedure for correcting the timebase distortion (TBD) and jitter of temporal waveforms of arbitrary lengths. This is achieved by estimating the TBD and jitter sequentially with overlapping measurements and using the information in the overlapping portion to adjust the results. We use eye diagrams to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. C1 [Wang, C. M. Jack] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hale, Paul D.; Jargon, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Williams, Dylan F.; Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, CMJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 61 IS 10 BP 2689 EP 2694 DI 10.1109/TIM.2012.2193692 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 008NW UT WOS:000308964700010 ER PT J AU Gulland, FMD Hall, AJ Greig, DJ Frame, ER Colegrove, KM Booth, RKN Wasser, SK Scott-Moncrieff, JCR AF Gulland, Frances M. D. Hall, Ailsa J. Greig, Denise J. Frame, Elizabeth R. Colegrove, Kathleen M. Booth, Rebecca K. N. Wasser, Sam K. Scott-Moncrieff, J. Catharine R. TI Evaluation of circulating eosinophil count and adrenal gland function in California sea lions naturally exposed to domoic acid SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TOXICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COAST AB Objective-To determine the effect of natural exposure to domoic acid (DA) on eosinophil counts and adrenal gland function in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Design-Cross-sectional prospective study. Animals-39 California sea lions. Procedures-Adult female sea lions admitted to a rehabilitation hospital during 2009 were classified into 1 of 3 groups (acute DA toxicosis, chronic DA toxicosis, or no DA exposure) on the basis of clinical signs, DA concentration in urine or feces, and hippocampal morphology. Endoparasite burden, eosinophil count, and serum cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations were determined for each sea lion. For a subset of 8 sea lions, fecal glucocorticoid concentration after IM administration of cosyntropin was determined. Results-Sea lions exposed to DA (acute DA toxicosis, n = 11; chronic DA toxicosis, 19) had higher eosinophil counts and lower serum cortisol concentrations, compared with values for sea lions with no DA exposure (9). Eosinophil count was not associated with endoparasite burden. Serum cortisol concentration was associated with plasma ACTH concentrations in sea lions from the no DA exposure group but not in sea lions in the acute or chronic DA toxicosis groups. Following cosyntropin injection, fecal glucocorticoid concentrations increased in all sea lions evaluated except 1. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In adult sea lions, eosinophilia may be a cost-effective biomarker for DA exposure and may reflect alterations in hypothalamic, pituitary gland, or adrenal gland function. Domoic acid exposure may have subtle health effects on marine animals in addition to induction of neurologic signs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;241:943-949) C1 [Gulland, Frances M. D.; Greig, Denise J.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Hall, Ailsa J.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Frame, Elizabeth R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Booth, Rebecca K. N.; Wasser, Sam K.] Univ Washington, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scott-Moncrieff, J. Catharine R.] Purdue Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gulland, FMD (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 2000 Bunker Rd, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM gullandf@tmmc.org NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 241 IS 7 BP 943 EP 949 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 012OK UT WOS:000309246200018 PM 23013509 ER PT J AU Wignall, GD Littrell, KC Heller, WT Melnichenko, YB Bailey, KM Lynn, GW Myles, DA Urban, VS Buchanan, MV Selby, DL Butler, PD AF Wignall, George D. Littrell, Kenneth C. Heller, William T. Melnichenko, Yuri B. Bailey, Kathy M. Lynn, Gary W. Myles, Dean A. Urban, Volker S. Buchanan, Michelle V. Selby, Douglas L. Butler, Paul D. TI The 40 m general purpose small-angle neutron scattering instrument at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE small-angle neutron scattering; beamline upgrades; HFIR; wide Q range ID CALIBRATION; ERNI2B2C; FACILITY AB A series of upgrades have been undertaken at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, including the installation of a supercritical hydrogen moderator (T similar or equal to 20 K), which has boosted the flux of long-wavelength neutrons by over two orders of magnitude. In order to take advantage of the new capabilities, a 40 m-long small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument has been constructed, which utilizes a mechanical velocity selector, pinhole collimation and a high-count-rate (>10(5) Hz) large-area (1 m(2)) two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. The incident wavelength (lambda), resolution (Delta lambda/lambda), incident collimation and sample-to-detector distance are independently variable under computer control. The detector can be moved up to 45 cm off-axis to increase the overall Q range [<0.001 < Q = (4p/lambda)sin theta < 1 angstrom(-1), where 2 theta is the angle of scatter]. The design and characteristics of this instrument are described, along with examples of scattering data to illustrate the performance. C1 [Littrell, Kenneth C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wignall, George D.; Heller, William T.; Melnichenko, Yuri B.; Myles, Dean A.; Urban, Volker S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bailey, Kathy M.; Lynn, Gary W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Reactors Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Buchanan, Michelle V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Selby, Douglas L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Design Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Littrell, KC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM littrellkc@ornl.gov RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015; myles, dean/D-5860-2016; Buchanan, Michelle/J-1562-2016 OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964; Buchanan, Michelle/0000-0002-8078-4575 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA; Office of Biological and Environmental Research [ERKP291] FX This publication is dedicated to the memory of Ralph M. Moon, who was one of the pioneers of neutron scattering techniques. He established his reputation in the development of polarization analysis of thermal neutron scattering and also in the exploration of antiferromagnetism. Later, he worked with J. B. Hayter in the late 1990s to propose a major upgrade of the High Flux Isotope Reactor facilities. In particular, he evaluated the various options for the proposed small-angle neutron scattering facilities to optimize their performance. This represented a new direction for him, but his fundamental grasp of neutron optics allowed him to accomplish this goal, and his reputation was an important factor in giving this project the credibility needed to bring it on line. The fact that the instrument described in this publication first came on line in 2007, using his design parameters, is a tribute not only to his achievements in performing world-class research, but also to his goal of bringing state-of-the-art instrumentation to neutron users in general and to the US scientific community in particular. Research at the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The GP SANS facility is partially funded by a grant from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA, and input from Professor L. J. Magid is gratefully acknowledged. GWL, WTH, DAM and VSU were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (grant No. ERKP291). NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 40 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 45 BP 990 EP 998 DI 10.1107/S0021889812027057 PN 5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 010CQ UT WOS:000309072500015 ER PT J AU Choi, YM Gorman, JJ Dagalakis, NG Yang, SH Kim, Y Yoo, JM AF Choi, Young-Man Gorman, Jason J. Dagalakis, Nicholas G. Yang, Seung Ho Kim, Yongsik Yoo, Jae Myung TI A high-bandwidth electromagnetic MEMS motion stage for scanning applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MICROACTUATOR; SINGLE-WAFER; ACTUATORS; NANOPOSITIONERS; SUBSTRATE; SILICON AB This paper presents the design, fabrication methods and experimental results for a MEMS-based out-of-plane electromagnetic motion stage for scanning applications. The combination of electromagnetic actuation and a flexure-supported platform provides linear bidirectional motion with high precision. A planar microcoil and a permanent magnet are used to generate a Lorentz force, which drives the flexure-supported platform. The copper microcoil is electroplated on a silicon substrate and the platform is fabricated through silicon bulk micromachining of a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The resonant frequency of the fabricated motion stage is approximately 2.0 kHz, which results in an open-loop control bandwidth greater than 500 Hz. Experimental results verify that the stage has highly linear bidirectional motion with negligible hysteresis and nonlinearity over a +/- 2.7 mu m range. Additionally, excellent high-frequency tracking performance is demonstrated using open-loop control, with a tracking error below 6.5 nm RMS for scan rates up to 200 Hz. C1 [Choi, Young-Man; Gorman, Jason J.; Dagalakis, Nicholas G.; Yang, Seung Ho; Kim, Yongsik; Yoo, Jae Myung] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, YM (reprint author), Korean Inst Machinery & Mat, Taejon, South Korea. EM ymchoi@kimm.re.kr NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 22 IS 10 AR 105012 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/22/10/105012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 012EY UT WOS:000309219500012 ER PT J AU Ripple, DC Dimitrova, MN AF Ripple, Dean C. Dimitrova, Mariana N. TI Protein particles: What we know and what we do not know SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE particle size; protein aggregation; biopharmaceuticals characterization; imaging methods; light scattering; microparticles; nanoparticles; physical characterization ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY FORMULATION; FILLING PUMP OPERATION; SUBVISIBLE PARTICLES; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; NANOPARTICLES; AGGREGATION; SIZE; CLASSIFICATION; PERSPECTIVE; ADSORPTION AB All therapeutic protein products contain intrinsic particles formed by the aggregation of protein monomers. There is growing interest in understanding particles in biopharmaceutical products, fostered on one hand by significant advancements in particle analysis and on the other hand by concerns about potential impact of particles on product quality and safety. With currently available methods, particles in therapeutic proteins can be counted, sized, and characterized in a rudimentary way over a broad size range (from 10s of nanometers to 100s of micrometers). Here, we review the known attributes of common protein particles, and then discuss the gaps in our current knowledge. The capabilities, limitations, and opportunities for improvement of common particle counting and characterization methods are listed. We conclude that further analytical progress is needed to better classify and characterize the diversity of particles encountered in therapeutic proteins, which may vary in the degree of protein unfolding, the inclusion of nonprotein nucleation centers, and aggregate morphology. Very little is known about the potential correlation between specific particle attributes and increased immunogenicity. In this environment of uncertainty, a deeper understanding about specific particle attributes and potentially increased immunogenicity is greatly needed and will likely be an area of future intensive research. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 101:35683579, 2012 C1 [Ripple, Dean C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dimitrova, Mariana N.] MedImmune LLC, Formulat Sci Dept, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Ripple, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.ripple@nist.gov NR 47 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 101 IS 10 BP 3568 EP 3579 DI 10.1002/jps.23242 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 994XA UT WOS:000307966600005 PM 22736521 ER PT J AU Robinson, TJ Pintar, AL Anderson-Cook, CM Hamada, MS AF Robinson, Timothy J. Pintar, Adam L. Anderson-Cook, Christine M. Hamada, Michael S. TI A Bayesian Approach to the Analysis of Split-Plot Combined and Product Arrays and Optimization in Robust Parameter Design SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian Predictive Density; Generalized Linear Mixed Models; Hard-to-Change Factor; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Process Optimization; Response Surface; Restricted Randomization ID NONNORMAL RESPONSES; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY AB Many robust parameter design (RPD) studies involve a split-plot randomization structure and it is essential to account for the induced correlation structure to obtain valid inferences in the analysis. Bayesian methods are appealing for these studies because they naturally accommodate a general class of models, can account for parameter uncertainty in process optimization, and offer the necessary flexibility when one is interested in nonstandard performance criteria, e.g., the probability that a new response exceeds some threshold value. In this paper, we present a Bayesian approach to process optimization for a general class of RPD models, including both normal and non-normal responses, in the split-plot context using an empirical approximation of the posterior distribution for an objective function of interest. Two examples from the literature, one involving a crossed array and the other a combined array, are used for illustration. C1 [Robinson, Timothy J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pintar, Adam L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson-Cook, Christine M.; Hamada, Michael S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robinson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM tjrobin@uwyo.edu; adam.pintar@nist.gov; candcook@lanl.gov; hamada@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 44 IS 4 BP 304 EP 320 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 010HH UT WOS:000309085000002 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Munch, SB Lavelle, KA AF Hurst, Thomas P. Munch, Stephan B. Lavelle, Kate A. TI Thermal reaction norms for growth vary among cohorts of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC COD; VERTEBRAL NUMBER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; COMPENSATORY GROWTH AB While much effort has been directed at determining the spatial scales of adaptation in thermal reaction norms for growth, it is widely assumed that these reaction norms have high temporal stability. Water temperatures in the Gulf of Alaska in 2007 were the coldest on record since the mid-1970s and we present evidence that the thermal reaction norm for growth of age-0 Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in this cohort differed significantly from two adjacent cohorts. In addition to exhibiting higher growth potential at low temperatures, the 2007 cohort had a higher mean vertebral count, consistent with the widespread thermal effect known as "Jordan's Rule." Variation among cohorts in these physiological and morphological traits suggests a persistent response to environmental history (epigenetic effect). Temperature-induced phenotypic plasticity in the reaction norm for growth has significant implications for using growth rates to evaluate habitat quality and illustrates the complex responses of fishes to climate variability. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lavelle, Kate A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov; steve.munch@noaa.gov; kate.a.lavelle@gmail.com RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0648515]; North Pacific Research Board [R0605] FX The authors thank T. Tripp, M. Spencer, B. Knoth, and B. Laurel for assistance with fish collection and shipping. Staff in the AFSC-Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program including S. Haines, M. Ottmar, P. Iseri assisted with growth experiments. Assistance with X-rays was provided by D. Simon and D. Markle. This manuscript benefitted from discussions with C. Schreck. B. Laurel, A. Stoner, J. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. K. A. L. was supported by a National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates internship under award OCE-0648515 to the Hatfield Marine Science Center of Oregon State University. This work was also supported in part by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (#R0605 to B. Laurel et al.). This is publication #353 of the North Pacific Research Board. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP 2173 EP 2183 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-2003-9 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 010OM UT WOS:000309103900006 ER PT J AU Ottmar, ML Hurst, TP AF Ottmar, Michele L. Hurst, Thomas P. TI Thermal effects on swimming activity and habitat choice in juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ATLANTIC COD; BERING-SEA; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; POECILIA-RETICULATA; LOCOMOTOR CAPACITY; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR AB The behavioral responses of fishes to temperature variation have received less attention than physiological responses, despite their direct implications for predator-prey dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. In this paper, we describe the temperature dependence of swimming performance and behavioral characteristics of juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus; 75-125 mm total length). Maximum swimming speeds increased with temperature and body size. Routine swimming speeds of Pacific cod in small groups of similarly sized fish (N = 6) increased with body size and were 34 % faster at 9 A degrees C than at 2 A degrees C. The response to temperature was opposite that previously described for juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), reflecting species-specific differences in behavioral responses. In a separate experiment, we demonstrated the effect of temperature on habitat selection of juvenile Pacific cod: Use of an artificial eelgrass patch in a 5-m-long laboratory tank was significantly greater at 9 A degrees C than at 2 A degrees C. These results illustrate that temperature affects a range of behavioral traits that play important roles in determining the frequency and outcomes of predator-prey interactions. C1 [Ottmar, Michele L.; Hurst, Thomas P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP 2185 EP 2194 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-2004-8 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 010OM UT WOS:000309103900007 ER PT J AU Gu, DZ Wallis, TM Kabos, P Blanchard, P Bertness, KA Sanford, NA AF Gu, Dazhen Wallis, T. M. Kabos, P. Blanchard, P. Bertness, K. A. Sanford, N. A. TI Microwave measurements and systematic circuit-model extraction of nanowire metal semiconductor field-effect transistors SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circuit modeling; field-effect transistor; GaN nanowire; microwave measurements; uncertainty analysis ID FREQUENCY; MOSFETS; GATE AB We present detailed on-wafer scattering-parameter measurements and equivalent circuit modeling of a metal semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) that incorporates a GaN nanowire (NW). A systematic procedure is established to extract intrinsic model parameters by removing extrinsic parameters of the NW under different bias conditions. All parameters are first determined from analytic formulas that establish their relationship to measured impedance and admittance parameters. The analytically determined parameters are then processed in a numerical fitting program and a circuit simulator for minimizing the difference between the modeled data and the experimental data. For demonstration, the proposed framework is applied to a GaN NW MESFET with 1.5 mu m long gate up to 10 GHz. Its transconductance is estimated to be 16.6 mu S, the transit time is estimated to be 9.8 ps and the maximum frequency of oscillation is about 16 GHz. C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Wallis, T. M.; Kabos, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gu, Dazhen] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blanchard, P.; Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dazhen.gu@nist.gov FU NIST; agency of the US Government FX The authors would like to thank K Remely at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, for providing access to circuit simulation software. The authors also acknowledge D LeGolvan at NIST, Boulder, for technical assistance. The work of this publication is supported by NIST, an agency of the US Government and is not subject to US copyright. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 23 IS 10 AR 105602 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/23/10/105602 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 007XD UT WOS:000308920800040 ER PT J AU Blech, IA Cahn, JW Gratias, D Shechtman, D Blech, IA AF Blech, Ilan A. Cahn, John W. Gratias, Denis Shechtman, D. Blech, I. A. TI Reminiscences About a Chemistry Nobel Prize Won with Metallurgy: Comments on D. Shechtman and I. A. Blech; Metall. Trans. A, 1985, vol. 16A, pp. 1005-12 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; ORDER C1 [Cahn, John W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gratias, Denis] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etud Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Shechtman, D.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Blech, I. A.] Zoran Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Blech, IA (reprint author), 25551 Burke Lane, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022 USA. EM jwcahn@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 43A IS 10 BP 3411 EP 3422 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1323-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 997ST UT WOS:000308187100001 ER PT J AU Lewis, DE Chauhan, A White, JR Overholt, W Green, SJ Jasrotia, P Wafula, D Jagoe, C AF Lewis, Dawn E. Chauhan, Ashvini White, John R. Overholt, Will Green, Stefan J. Jasrotia, Puja Wafula, Denis Jagoe, Charles TI Microbial and Geochemical Assessment of Bauxitic Un-mined and Post-mined Chronosequence Soils from Mocho Mountains, Jamaica SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; RESTORATION; ASSOCIATIONS; SUCCESSION; EVERGLADES; PHOSPHORUS; AUSTRALIA; GRADIENT AB Microorganisms are very sensitive to environmental change and can be used to gauge anthropogenic impacts and even predict restoration success of degraded environments. Here, we report assessment of bauxite mining activities on soil biogeochemistry and microbial community structure using un-mined and three post-mined sites in Jamaica. The post-mined soils represent a chronosequence, undergoing restoration since 1987, 1997, and 2007. Soils were collected during dry and wet seasons and analyzed for pH, organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus. The microbial community structure was assessed through quantitative PCR and massively parallel bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Edaphic factors and microbial community composition were analyzed using multivariate statistical approaches and revealed a significant, negative impact of mining on soil that persisted even after greater than 20 years of restoration. Seasonal fluctuations contributed to variation in measured soil properties and community composition, but they were minor in comparison to long-term effects of mining. In both seasons, post-mined soils were higher in pH but OM, TC, and TN decreased. Bacterial rRNA gene analyses demonstrated a general decrease in diversity in post-mined soils and up to a 3-log decrease in rRNA gene abundance. Community composition analyses demonstrated that bacteria from the Proteobacteria (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes were abundant in all soils. The abundance of Firmicutes was elevated in newer post-mined soils relative to the un-mined soil, and this contrasted a decrease, relative to un-mined soils, in proteobacterial and acidobacterial rRNA gene abundances. Our study indicates long-lasting impacts of mining activities to soil biogeochemical and microbial properties with impending loss in soil productivity. C1 [Lewis, Dawn E.; Chauhan, Ashvini; Wafula, Denis; Jagoe, Charles] Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [White, John R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Wetland & Aquat Biogeochem Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Overholt, Will; Jasrotia, Puja] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Green, Stefan J.] Univ Illinois, DNA Serv Facil, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Jagoe, Charles] Florida A&M Univ, NOAA Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Chauhan, A (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, 1515 S MLK Blvd,Suite 305B,FSHSRC Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM ashvini.chauhan@famu.edu RI White, John/A-7940-2008; OI White, John/0000-0002-9967-013X; Green, Stefan/0000-0003-2781-359X FU ALCOA World Alumina Australia; Department of Defense (DoD) [W911NF-10-1-0146] FX We thank Mr. John Gardner, Environmental Manager for Mining, ALCOA World Alumina Australia, for facilitating the funding to support this study. Support from the Department of Defense (DoD) grant # W911NF-10-1-0146 is also acknowledged. We also acknowledge the staff at Jamalco for logistics with sample collection, Maverick and Benjamin LeBlanc for their assistance in soil geochemical characterization, and the three anonymous reviewers for their very helpful critique. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 64 IS 3 BP 738 EP 749 DI 10.1007/s00248-012-0020-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 010YZ UT WOS:000309131700015 PM 22391797 ER PT J AU Amaral, AR Beheregaray, LB Bilgmann, K Freitas, L Robertson, KM Sequeira, M Stockin, KA Coelho, MM Moller, LM AF Amaral, Ana R. Beheregaray, Luciano B. Bilgmann, Kerstin Freitas, Luis Robertson, Kelly M. Sequeira, Marina Stockin, Karen A. Coelho, M. M. Moeller, Luciana M. TI Influences of past climatic changes on historical population structure and demography of a cosmopolitan marine predator, the common dolphin (genus Delphinus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive evolution; speciation; cetaceans; phylogeography; taxonomy ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; TUNA THUNNUS-OBESUS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; PLEISTOCENE CLIMATE; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ICE AGES AB Climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene have greatly influenced the distribution and connectivity of many organisms, leading to extinctions but also generating biodiversity. While the effects of such changes have been extensively studied in the terrestrial environment, studies focusing on the marine realm are still scarce. Here we used sequence data from one mitochondrial and five nuclear loci to assess the potential influence of Pleistocene climatic changes on the phylogeography and demographic history of a cosmopolitan marine predator, the common dolphin (genus Delphinus). Population samples representing the three major morphotypes of Delphinus were obtained from 10 oceanic regions. Our results suggest that short-beaked common dolphins are likely to have originated in the eastern Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Pleistocene and expanded into the Atlantic Ocean through the Indian Ocean. On the other hand, long-beaked common dolphins appear to have evolved more recently and independently in several oceans. Our results also suggest that short-beaked common dolphins had recurrent demographic expansions concomitant with changes in sea surface temperature during the Pleistocene and its associated increases in resource availability, which differed between the North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. By proposing how past environmental changes had an effect on the demography and speciation of a widely distributed marine mammal, we highlight the impacts that climate change may have on the distribution and abundance of marine predators and its ecological consequences for marine ecosystems. C1 [Amaral, Ana R.; Coelho, M. M.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Amaral, Ana R.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Beheregaray, Luciano B.; Moeller, Luciana M.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Bilgmann, Kerstin] Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Freitas, Luis] Museu Baleia Madeira, P-9200031 Canical, Madeira, Portugal. [Robertson, Kelly M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Sequeira, Marina] Inst Conservacao Nat & Biodiversidade, P-1150294 Lisbon, Portugal. [Stockin, Karen A.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Coastal Marine Res Grp, N Shore MSC, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Amaral, AR (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM aramaral@fc.ul.pt RI Amaral, Ana/D-1060-2010; Coelho, Maria/B-8672-2009; OI Amaral, Ana/0000-0002-0595-0086; Coelho, Maria/0000-0003-3288-1693; Beheregaray, Luciano/0000-0003-0944-3003 FU Macquarie University and Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal); FCT (Portugal) [PTDC/BIA-BDE/65110/2006]; Microsoft Corporation; [MQ A006162] FX We acknowledge all who kindly provided tissue samples: J. Learmonth (SAC-Scottish Agricultural College and DEFRA), L. Mirimin (University of Cork, Ireland), M. Ferreira (Sociadede Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem); S. Siciliano and J. F. Moura (Marine Mammal Group Study, GEMM-Lagos and FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and M. C. Oliveira (Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo). We also acknowledge W. F. Perrin and P. Morin for their comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by Macquarie University and Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) through a PhD grant to A. R. Amaral and by grants to L. Moller, L. Beheregaray (MQ A006162) and K. Bilgmann. Funding to obtain the anonymous loci was provided by the Project PTDC/BIA-BDE/65110/2006, funded by FCT (Portugal). Statistical analyses were partially conducted using the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University, which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation. This represents article contribution #45 of the Molecular Ecology Group for Marine Research (MEGMAR). NR 90 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 10 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 21 IS 19 BP 4854 EP 4871 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05728.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 012KF UT WOS:000309234300016 PM 22891814 ER PT J AU Bao, JW Gopalakrishnan, SG Michelson, SA Marks, FD Montgomery, MT AF Bao, J. -W. Gopalakrishnan, S. G. Michelson, S. A. Marks, F. D. Montgomery, M. T. TI Impact of Physics Representations in the HWRFX on Simulated Hurricane Structure and Pressure-Wind Relationships SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; INNER-CORE SIZE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRAG COEFFICIENT; NUMERICAL-MODEL; ANDREW 1992; PART II; SENSITIVITY; MICROPHYSICS; INTENSITY AB A series of idealized experiments with the NOAA Experimental Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRFX) are performed to examine the sensitivity of idealized tropical cyclone (TC) intensification to various parameterization schemes of the boundary layer (BL), subgrid convection, cloud microphysics, and radiation. Results from all the experiments are compared in terms of the maximum surface 10-m wind (VMAX) and minimum sea level pressure (PMIN)-operational metrics of TC intensity-as well as the azimuthally averaged temporal and spatial structure of the tangential wind and its material acceleration. The conventional metrics of TC intensity (VMAX and PMIN) are found to be insufficient to reveal the sensitivity of the simulated TC to variations in model physics. Comparisons of the sensitivity runs indicate that (i) different boundary layer physics parameterization schemes for vertical subgrid turbulence mixing lead to differences not only in the intensity evolution in terms of VMAX and PMIN, but also in the structural characteristics of the simulated tropical cyclone; (ii) the surface drag coefficient is a key parameter that controls the VMAX PMIN relationship near the surface; and (iii) different microphysics and subgrid convection parameterization schemes, because of their different realizations of diabatic heating distribution, lead to significant variations in the vortex structure. The quantitative aspects of these results indicate that the current uncertainties in the BL mixing, surface drag, and microphysics parameterization schemes have comparable impacts on the intensity and structure of simulated TCs. The results also indicate that there is a need to include structural parameters in the HWRFX evaluation. C1 [Michelson, S. A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gopalakrishnan, S. G.; Marks, F. D.; Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Michelson, S. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bao, JW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian-wen.bao@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860 FU Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project of NOAA FX This work is supported by the Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project of NOAA. We thank Yuqing Wang and an anonymous reviewer for their careful reviews of this work and constructive comments. NR 58 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 140 IS 10 BP 3278 EP 3299 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00332.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 013PQ UT WOS:000309317700010 ER PT J AU Garboczi, EJ Liu, X Taylor, MA AF Garboczi, E. J. Liu, X. Taylor, M. A. TI The 3-D shape of blasted and crushed rocks: From 20 mu m to 38 mm SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rocks; Shape; Particles; Gravel; Spherical harmonics; Tomography ID MOLECULAR-SURFACES; PARTICLES; TOMOGRAPHY AB Granodiorite material from a rock quarry in California was prepared by first quarrying large boulders, and then crushing them down to smaller sizes. A range of particle widths, from 0.0175 mm to 45.1 mm, taken from material from a nominal sieve range of 20 mu m to 38 mm, was scanned using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) and the shape of individual particles obtained from the resulting 3-D images was analyzed using spherical harmonic-based techniques. The size range covered was more than three orders of magnitude in size and more than ten orders of magnitude in volume. For this dataset, comprised of over 58 000 particles, we have computed the distributions of four different and independent shape parameters and found that the shape of the particles was the same, within statistical fluctuation, for three different size classes, which covered the complete particle width range considered: 0.0175 mm to 0.24 mm, 0.24 mm to 3.29 mm, and 3.29 mm to 45.1 mm. This implies a degree of similarity between blasting and crushing in terms of the fracture processes involved in fragmenting rocks, since most or all of the rocks were subjected to both. We also compared a simulation of 2-D optical scanning results to the true 3-D X-ray CT results, showing the strengths and weaknesses of a 2-D approach to particle shape and giving empirical fits, with uncertainties, connecting three sets of 2-D and 3-D parameters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garboczi, E. J.; Liu, X.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taylor, M. A.] Granite Rock, Sacramento, CA USA. [Liu, X.] China Univ Petr E China, Coll Georesources & Informat, Dongying, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU China Scholarship Council FX We would like to thank the China Scholarship Council for partial support of X. Liu's stay at NIST. We would also like to thank Paul Stutzman, for generating Fig. 1 for us and for useful comments. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 229 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.06.012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 995ZU UT WOS:000308054600012 ER PT J AU Nagpure, SC Downing, RG Bhushan, B Babu, SS AF Nagpure, Shrikant C. Downing, R. Gregory Bhushan, Bharat Babu, S. S. TI Discovery of lithium in copper current collectors used in batteries SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Li-ion batteries; Aging; Current collector; Degradation mechanism ID FILM AB Aging studies of Li-ion batteries have been concentrated on degradation of cathode, anode and electrolyte materials with very limited attention to degradation in current collectors. Our data shows the presence of lithium beyond the active material and in the copper current collector (CCC). The lithium impurity in the CCC will lead to degradation in its thermal and electrical behavior and thus cannot be ignored for overall efforts in understanding the aging mechanisms predicting the life and performance of the batteries. (c) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nagpure, Shrikant C.; Bhushan, Bharat] Ohio State Univ, Nanoprobe Lab Bio & Nanotechnol & Biomimet NLBB, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nagpure, Shrikant C.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Automot Res, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Downing, R. Gregory] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Babu, S. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bhushan, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nanoprobe Lab Bio & Nanotechnol & Biomimet NLBB, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bhushan.2@osu.edu RI Bhushan, Bharat/A-9684-2013; Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Bhushan, Bharat/0000-0001-7161-6601; Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 FU Institute for Materials Research (IMR) at The Ohio State University FX The authors sincerely thank the Institute for Materials Research (IMR) at The Ohio State University for providing the financial support for this research. The support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce is acknowledged in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 7-8 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.07.009 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 010LS UT WOS:000309096500011 ER PT J AU Sakurovs, R He, LL Melnichenko, YB Radlinski, AP Blach, T Lemmel, H Mildner, DFR AF Sakurovs, Richard He, Lilin Melnichenko, Yuri B. Radlinski, Andrzej P. Blach, Tomas Lemmel, Hartmut Mildner, David F. R. TI Pore size distribution and accessible pore size distribution in bituminous coals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SANS; Coal porosity; Maceral composition; Methane accessibility; Coal microstructure; Closed porosity ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE RECOVERY; SURFACE-AREA; CO2 SORPTION; ADSORPTION; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; POROSITY; CAPACITY AB The porosity and pore size distribution of coals determine many of their properties, from gas release to their behavior on carbonization, and yet most methods of determining pore size distribution can only examine a restricted size range. Even then, only accessible pores can be investigated with these methods. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) are increasingly used to characterize the size distribution of all of the pores non-destructively. Here we have used USANS/SANS to examine 24 well-characterized bituminous and subbituminous coals: three from the eastern US, two from Poland, one from New Zealand and the rest from the Sydney and Bowen Basins in Eastern Australia, and determined the relationships of the scattering intensity corresponding to different pore sizes with other coal properties. The range of pore radii examinable with these techniques is 2.5nm to 7 mu m. We confirm that there is a wide range of pore sizes in coal. The pore size distribution was found to be strongly affected by both rank and type (expressed as either hydrogen or vitrinite content) in the size range 250nm to 7 mu m and 5 to 10nm, but weakly in intermediate regions. The results suggest that different mechanisms control coal porosity on different scales. Contrast-matching USANS and SANS were also used to determine the size distribution of the fraction of the pores in these coals that are inaccessible to deuterated methane, CD4, at ambient temperature. In some coals most of the small (similar to 10 nm) pores were found to be inaccessible to CD4 on the time scale of the measurement (-30 min-16h). This inaccessibility suggests that in these coals a considerable fraction of inherent methane may be trapped for extended periods of time, thus reducing the effectiveness of methane release from (or sorption by) these coals. Although the number of small pores was less in higher rank coals, the fraction of total pores that was inaccessible was not rank dependent. In the Australian coals, at the 10 nm to 50 nm size scales the pores in inertinites appeared to be completely accessible to CD4. whereas the pores in the vitrinite were about 75% inaccessible. Unlike the results for total porosity that showed no regional effects on relationships between porosity and coal properties, clear regional differences in the relationships between fraction of closed porosity and coal properties were found. The 10 to 50 nm-sized pores of inertinites of the US and Polish coals examined appeared less accessible to methane than those of the inertinites of Australian coals. This difference in pore accessibility in inertinites may explain why empirical relationships between fluidity and coking properties developed using Carboniferous coals do not apply to Australian coals. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sakurovs, Richard] CSIRO Energy Technol, N Ryde, NSW 2133, Australia. [He, Lilin; Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Neutron Scattering Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Radlinski, Andrzej P.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Radlinski, Andrzej P.; Blach, Tomas] Griffith Univ, Queensland Micro & Nanotechnol Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Lemmel, Hartmut] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sakurovs, R (reprint author), CSIRO Energy Technol, 11 Julius Ave, N Ryde, NSW 2133, Australia. EM Richard.sakurovs@csiro.au OI He, Lilin/0000-0002-9560-8101 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The research at Oak Ridge National Lthoratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported in part by the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program, administered jointly by the ORNL and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The research using the NIST USANS spectrometer was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. The authors thank Professor Helmut Rauch for his contribution to and support of USANS research on geological materials over the last decade. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD OCT 1 PY 2012 VL 100 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.06.005 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 006UK UT WOS:000308844400005 ER PT J AU Qin, Z Zou, X Weng, F AF Qin, Z. Zou, X. Weng, F. TI Arctic and Antarctic four-month oscillations detected from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A measurements SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polar regions; satellite; surface temperature ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; TIME-SERIES; MSU; REANALYSIS; CONSTRUCTION AB Satellite microwave measurements can penetrate through clouds and therefore provide unique information of surface and near-surface temperatures and surface emissivity. In this study, the brightness temperatures from NOAA-15 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) are used to analyse the surface temperature variation in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the past 13 years from 1998-2010. The data from four AMSU-A channels sensitive to surface are analysed with wavelet and Fourier spectrum techniques. A very pronounced maximum is noticed in the period range centred around four months. Application of a statistical significance test confirms that it is a dominant mode of variability over polar regions besides the annual and semi-annual oscillations in the data. No evidence of this feature could be found in middle and low latitudes. The four-month oscillation is 908 out of phase at the Arctic and Antarctic, with the Arctic four-month oscillation reaching its maximum in the beginning of March, July and November and the Antarctic four-month oscillation in the middle of April, August and December. The intensity of the four-month oscillation varies interannually. The years with pronounced four-month oscillation were 2002-03, 2005-06 and 2008-09. The strongest year for the Arctic and Antarctic four-month oscillations occurred in 2005-06 and 2008-09, respectively. The sign of four-month oscillation is also found in the surface skin temperatures and two-metre air temperatures from ERA-Interim reanalysis, with strongest signal in 2005-06 when this oscillation is strongest in the data. It is hypothesized that the Arctic and Antarctic four-month oscillations are a combined result of unique features of solar radiative forcing and snow/sea ice formation and metamorphosis. C1 [Qin, Z.; Zou, X.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zou, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, F.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Qin, Z (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wqin@fsu.edu OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project [2010CB951600]; NOAA/NESDIS grant FX This work was supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project no. 2010CB951600 and the NOAA/NESDIS grant to Florida State University. The constructive comments of the reviewers are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 24 IS 5 BP 507 EP 513 DI 10.1017/S0954102012000417 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 004ZZ UT WOS:000308721400009 ER PT J AU Lee, X Huang, JP Patton, EG AF Lee, Xuhui Huang, Jianping Patton, Edward G. TI A Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide Isotopes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Isotopes; Keeling plot; Kinetic fractionation; Land-surface model; Large-eddy simulation ID COVARIANCE FLUXES; IMBALANCE PROBLEM; C-13/C-12 RATIO; NONSTEADY STATE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; SURFACE FLUXES; BOREAL FOREST; LEAF WATER; SAP-FLOW; CO2 AB A large-eddy simulation model developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is extended to simulate the transport and diffusion of (COO)-O-18, H (2) (18) O and (CO2)-C-13 in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The simulation results show that the O-18 compositions of leaf water and the ABL CO2 are moderately sensitive to wind speed. The variations in the O-18 composition of water vapour are an order of magnitude greater than those in the C-13 and O-18 compositions of CO2 both at turbulent eddy scales and across the capping inversion. In a fully-developed convective ABL, these isotopic compositions are well mixed as with other conserved atmospheric quantities. The Keeling intercepts determined with the simulated high-frequency turbulence time series do not give a reliable estimate of the O-18 composition of the surface water vapour flux and may be a reasonable approximation to the C-13 and O-18 compositions of the surface CO2 flux in the late afternoon only after a deep convective ABL has developed. We suggest that our isotopic large-eddy simulation (ISOLES) model should be a useful tool for testing and formulating research hypotheses on land-air isotopic exchanges. C1 [Lee, Xuhui; Huang, Jianping] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Huang, Jianping] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Yale NUIST Ctr Atmospher Environm, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Jianping] NOAA Natl Ctr Environm Predict, IM Syst Grp, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Patton, Edward G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Lee, X (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 21 Sachem St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM xuhui.lee@yale.edu RI Patton, Edward/K-3607-2012; OI Patton, Edward/0000-0001-5431-9541 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0914473]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through grant ATM-0914473. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation. The authors thank an anonymous reviewer whose careful comments helped improve the paper. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1 SI SI BP 229 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9631-3 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 999MC UT WOS:000308315800013 ER PT J AU West, JJ Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW AF West, J. Jason Fiore, Arlene M. Horowitz, Larry W. TI Scenarios of methane emission reductions to 2030: abatement costs and co-benefits to ozone air quality and human mortality SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS MITIGATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HEALTH-BENEFITS; ANCILLARY BENEFITS; NEXT-GENERATION; KYOTO PROTOCOL; POLLUTION; POLICY; TERM AB Methane emissions contribute to global baseline surface ozone concentrations; therefore reducing methane to address climate change has significant co-benefits for air quality and human health. We analyze the costs of reducing methane from 2005 to 2030, as might be motivated to reduce climate forcing, and the resulting benefits from lower surface ozone to 2060. We construct three plausible scenarios of methane emission reductions, relative to a base scenario, ranging from 75 to 180 Mton CH4 yr(-1) decreased in 2030. Using compilations of the global availability of methane emission reductions, the least aggressive scenario (A) does not incur any positive marginal costs to 2030, while the most aggressive (C) requires discovery of new methane abatement technologies. The present value of implementation costs for Scenario B are nearly equal to Scenario A, as it implements cost-saving options more quickly, even though it adopts positive cost measures. We estimate the avoided premature human mortalities due to surface ozone decreases by combining transient full-chemistry simulations of these scenarios in a global atmospheric chemical transport model, with concentration-mortality relationships from a short-term epidemiologic study and projected global population. An estimated 38,000 premature mortalities are avoided globally in 2030 under Scenario B. As benefits of methane reduction are positive but costs are negative for Scenario A, it is justified regardless of how avoided mortalities are valued. The incremental benefits of Scenario B also far outweigh the incremental costs. Scenario C has incremental costs that roughly equal benefits, only when technological learning is assumed. Benefits within industrialized nations alone also exceed costs in Scenarios A and B, assuming that the lowest-cost emission reductions, including those in developing nations, are implemented. Monetized co-benefits of methane mitigation for human health are estimated to be $13-17 per ton CO(2)eq, with a wider range possible under alternative assumptions. Methane mitigation can be a cost-effective means of long-term and international air quality management, with concurrent benefits for climate. C1 [West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Merck Foundation FX We thank Joe Chaisson, Ellen Baum, Ben DeAngelo, Dale Whittington, John Alic, and three anonymous referees for their helpful input. This research was supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and by the Merck Foundation. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2012 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 441 EP 461 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0426-4 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 998NH UT WOS:000308246300003 ER PT J AU Rangwala, I Miller, JR AF Rangwala, Imtiaz Miller, James R. TI Climate change in mountains: a review of elevation-dependent warming and its possible causes SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Review ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYA; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; AIR TEMPERATURES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; TROPICAL ANDES; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR AB Available observations suggest that some mountain regions are experiencing seasonal warming rates that are greater than the global land average. There is also evidence from observational and modeling studies for an elevation-dependent climate response within some mountain regions. Our understanding of climate change in mountains, however, remains challenging owing to inadequacies in observations and models. In fact, it is still uncertain whether mountainous regions generally are warming at a different rate than the rest of the global land surface, or whether elevation-based sensitivities in warming rates are prevalent within mountains. We review studies of four high mountain regions - the Swiss Alps, the Colorado Rocky Mountains, the Tibetan Plateau/Himalayas, and the Tropical Andes - to examine questions related to the sensitivity of climate change to surface elevation. We explore processes that could lead to enhanced warming within mountain regions and possible mechanisms that can produce altitudinal gradients in warming rates on different time scales. A conclusive understanding of these responses will continue to elude us in the absence of a more comprehensive network of climate monitoring in mountains. C1 [Rangwala, Imtiaz] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, James R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Rangwala, I (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM rangwala@marine.rutgers.edu FU UCAR PACE fellowship; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station [32103]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1064326] FX We are very thankful to the three anonymous reviewers for their time and insightful comments that have significantly improved our manuscript. We thank G. Greenwood for advising us to undertake this work and M. Vuille for providing us the temperature trend calculations for tropical Andes. IR acknowledges the support of the UCAR PACE fellowship for this work, and the technical and material assistance received at NOAA ESRL's Physical Sciences Division. Partial support for JRM was provided by Project 32103 of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (AGS-1064326). NR 82 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 14 U2 117 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2012 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 527 EP 547 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0419-3 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 998NH UT WOS:000308246300008 ER PT J AU McGivern, WS Manion, JA AF McGivern, W. Sean Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Hydrocarbon binary diffusion coefficient measurements for use in combustion modeling SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Diffusion coefficient; Hydrocarbons; Chromatography ID PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; THORNES EQUATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 300 K; HELIUM; MIXTURES; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS; TESTS AB Recent studies have identified uncertainties in fuel diffusion coefficients as a source of significant uncertainty in combustion modeling. This paper presents accurate binary diffusion coefficients of linear hydrocarbons in helium and nitrogen at temperatures from 300 K to 723 K. Diffusion coefficients are determined using a reversed-flow gas chromatography (RF-GC) system. Earlier work in our laboratory has established the validity of this methodology for noble gases and methane under these elevated-temperature conditions, and we utilize the methodology to measure diffusion coefficients for longer chain systems of interest in combustion modeling: ethane, propane, and n-butane. For propane and n-butane in nitrogen, the present results show dramatically different (up to 16.9% deviation at the highest common temperature) diffusion coefficients than previous work in addition to extending the available temperature range. The effects of decomposition of the analyte at higher temperatures and adhesion of the analyte on the diffusion column at lower temperatures during the measurements are briefly considered but have only a small impact on the present systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [McGivern, W. Sean; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sean.mcgivern@nist.gov; jeffrey.manion@nist.gov FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was partially supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Chiping Li, Program Manager. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP 3021 EP 3026 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.04.015 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 003NR UT WOS:000308619100004 ER PT J AU Wallmo, K Lew, DK AF Wallmo, Kristy Lew, Daniel K. TI Public Willingness to Pay for Recovering and Downlisting Threatened and Endangered Marine Species SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE choice experiment; economics; marine mammals; nonmarket valuation; threatened species; willingness to pay; disponibilidad para pagar; economia; especies amenazadas; experimento de seleccion; mamiferos marinos; valoracion extra mercado ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; CHOICE EXPERIMENTS; HYPOTHETICAL BIAS; FUTURE-PROSPECTS; METAANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY; SUBSTITUTES; RESOURCE; MODELS; VALUES AB Nonmarket valuation research has produced economic value estimates for a variety of threatened, endangered, and rare species around the world. Although over 40 value estimates exist, it is often difficult to compare values from different studies due to variations in study design, implementation, and modeling specifications. We conducted a stated-preference choice experiment to estimate the value of recovering or downlisting 8 threatened and endangered marine species in the United States: loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica), upper Willamette River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi), and smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata). In May 2009, we surveyed a random sample of U.S. households. We collected data from 8476 households and estimated willingness to pay for recovering and downlisting the 8 species from these data. Respondents were willing to pay for recovering and downlisting threatened and endangered marine taxa. Willingness-to-pay values ranged from $40/household for recovering Puget Sound Chinook salmon to $73/household for recovering the North Pacific right whale. Statistical comparisons among willingness-to-pay values suggest that some taxa are more economically valuable than others, which suggests that the U.S. public's willingness to pay for recovery may vary by species. C1 [Wallmo, Kristy] Off Sci & Technol, Econ & Social Anal Div F ST5, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wallmo, K (reprint author), Off Sci & Technol, Econ & Social Anal Div F ST5, SSMC 3,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kristy.wallmo@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X FU [NA04NMF4370385]; [NA04NMF4340350] FX We acknowledge R. Felthoven, R. Curtis, and one anonymous reviewer for their insightful and valuable comments on the manuscript. We also thank editorial staff for identifying stylistic and grammatical improvements to the manuscript. We acknowledge and thank D. Colpo and L. Leach for their invaluable assistance with the grants under which this work was conducted (grants NA04NMF4370385 and NA04NMF4340350) and that were awarded to the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, respectively. The views and opinions expressed in this article are our own and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 830 EP 839 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01899.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001UB UT WOS:000308484500009 PM 22827248 ER PT J AU Holsman, KK Scheuerell, MD Buhle, E Emmett, R AF Holsman, Kirstin K. Scheuerell, Mark D. Buhle, Eric Emmett, Robert TI Interacting Effects of Translocation, Artificial Propagation, and Environmental Conditions on the Marine Survival of Chinook Salmon from the Columbia River, Washington, USA SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hatchery; management; marine survival; predation; salmon; transport; depredacion; manejo; piscifactoria; salmon; supervivencia marina; transporte ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; DELAYED MORTALITY; HYDROPOWER SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION; PREDATION; WATER AB Captive rearing and translocation are often used concurrently for species conservation, yet the effects of these practices can interact and lead to unintended outcomes that may undermine species recovery efforts. Controls in translocation or artificial-propagation programs are uncommon; thus, there have been few studies on the interacting effects of these actions and environmental conditions on survival. The Columbia River basin, which drains 668,000 km2 of the western United States and Canada, has an extensive network of hydroelectric and other dams, which impede and slow migration of anadromous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and can increase mortality rates. To mitigate for hydrosystem-induced mortality during juvenile downriver migration, tens of millions of hatchery fish are released each year and a subset of wild- and hatchery-origin juveniles are translocated downstream beyond the hydropower system. We considered how the results of these practices interact with marine environmental conditions to affect the marine survival of Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). We analyzed data from more than 1 million individually tagged fish from 1998 through 2006 to evaluate the probability of an individual fish returning as an adult relative to its rearing (hatchery vs. wild) and translocation histories (translocated vs. in-river migrating fish that traveled downriver through the hydropower system) and a suite of environmental variables. Except during select periods of very low river flow, marine survival of wild translocated fish was approximately two-thirds less than survival of wild in-river migrating fish. For hatchery fish, however, survival was roughly two times higher for translocated fish than for in-river migrants. Competition and predator aggregation negatively affected marine survival, and the magnitude of survival depended on rearing and translocation histories and biological and physical conditions encountered during their first few weeks of residence in the ocean. Our results highlight the importance of considering the interacting effects of translocation, artificial propagation, and environmental variables on the long-term viability of species. C1 [Holsman, Kirstin K.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Natl Ocean & Atmospher, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.; Buhle, Eric; Emmett, Robert] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holsman, KK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Natl Ocean & Atmospher, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 FU National Research Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank W. Muir, W. Peterson, and B. Sandford for providing some of the data we used; additionally, we thank the numerous Columbia River researchers whose combined tagging efforts made this study possible. The manuscript was improved with comments from J. Ferguson, R. Zabel, P. S. McDonald, W. Muir, and B. Burke. K. K. Holsman was supported by the National Research Council and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 912 EP 922 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01895.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001UB UT WOS:000308484500017 PM 22808952 ER PT J AU Yoon, I Wilson, C Borgmeyer, B Winholtz, RA Ma, HB Jacobson, DL Hussey, DS AF Yoon, I. Wilson, C. Borgmeyer, B. Winholtz, R. A. Ma, H. B. Jacobson, D. L. Hussey, D. S. TI Neutron phase volumetry and temperature observations in an oscillating heat pipe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Neutron imaging; Oscillating heat pipe (OHP); Two-phase; Volumetry; Neutron radiography; Fluid dynamics ID RADIOGRAPHY; FLOW AB An experimental investigation on a water filled 6-turn oscillating heat pipe (OHP) was conducted using neutron imaging. Using the neutron images, a method was developed to determine the volume fraction of liquid phase in different portions of the OHP while in operation. The results show that the volume fraction of liquid phase is highly nonuniform once the thermally excited fluid motion starts. Over the heat input range studied, during the steady state oscillating motion in an OHP, the volume fraction distribution of liquid phase was always less than 2.5% in the evaporator and greater than 80% in the condenser. Using this method, the startup behavior, pulsing and pause motions, circulation, and the relationship between the pulsing motion and circulation and temperature variations in the OHP were all determined as well. There is a notable synchronization between the entrance of liquid into the evaporator portion of the heat pipe and temperature oscillations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, I.; Wilson, C.; Borgmeyer, B.; Winholtz, R. A.; Ma, H. B.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jacobson, D. L.; Hussey, D. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Winholtz, RA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, E2412 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM iy2h7@missouri.edu; cawb76@missouri.edu; bvb968@missouri.edu; winholtz@missouri.edu; mah@missouri.edu; david.jacobson@nist.gov; daniel.hussey@nist.gov FU University of Missouri Research Board; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-1119]; DARPA TGP program FX The work presented in this article was supported by the University of Missouri Research Board, the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-06-1-1119, under the direction of Dr. Mark Spector, and the DARPA TGP program under the direction of Dr. Tom Kenny. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We also thank Eli Baltic for his assistance in the experimental work. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 EI 1778-4166 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 60 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.05.004 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 002GW UT WOS:000308521100006 ER PT J AU Nalewajko, K Begelman, MC Cerutti, B Uzdensky, DA Sikora, M AF Nalewajko, Krzysztof Begelman, Mitchell C. Cerutti, Benoit Uzdensky, Dmitri A. Sikora, Marek TI Energetic constraints on a rapid gamma-ray flare in PKS 1222+216 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; galaxies: active; quasars: individual: PKS 1222+216 ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BROAD-LINE REGION; CRAB-NEBULA; TEV VARIABILITY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; RELATIVISTIC JETS; PROTON BLAZAR; 2011 APRIL; 3C 454.3 AB We study theoretical implications of a rapid very high energy (VHE) flare detected by MAGIC in the flat spectrum radio quasar PKS 1222+216. The minimum distance from the jet origin at which this flare could be produced is 0.5?pc. A moderate Doppler factor of the VHE source, D VHE similar to 20, is allowed by all opacity constraints. The concurrent high-energy (HE) emission observed by Fermi provides estimates of the total jet power and the jet magnetic field strength. Energetic constraints for the VHE flare are extremely tight: for an isotropic particle distribution, they require a huge comoving energy density in the emitting region and a very efficient radiative process. We disfavour hadronic processes due to their low radiative efficiency, as well as the synchrotron scenario recently proposed for the case of HE flares in the Crab nebula, since the parameters needed to overcome the radiative losses are quite extreme. The VHE emission can be explained by the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism for D VHE similar to 20 or by the external radiation Compton mechanism involving the infrared radiation of the dusty torus for D VHE similar to 50. After discussing several alternative scenarios, we propose that the extreme energy density constraint can be satisfied when the emission comes from highly anisotropic short-lived bunches of particles formed by the kinetic beaming mechanism in magnetic reconnection sites. By focusing the emitting particles into very narrow beams, this mechanism allows one to relax the causality constraint on the source size, decreasing the required energy density by four orders of magnitude. C1 [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cerutti, Benoit; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sikora, Marek] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RP Nalewajko, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM knalew@jila.colorado.edu OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X FU NSF [AST-0907872]; NASA ATP [NNX09AG02G]; Polish NCN grant [DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/04845] FX We thank the reviewers for their very helpful comments that significantly improved early versions of the manuscript. This work was partly supported by the NSF grant AST-0907872, the NASA ATP grant NNX09AG02G and the Polish NCN grant DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/04845. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 425 IS 4 BP 2519 EP 2529 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21721.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 996ZC UT WOS:000308132500013 ER PT J AU Pollnac, RB Kotowicz, D AF Pollnac, Richard B. Kotowicz, Dawn TI Post Tsunami Job Satisfaction Among the Fishers of Na Pru Village, on the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand SO SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Job satisfaction; Small-scale fishermen; Thailand ID MANAGEMENT; POLICY AB The paper examines job satisfaction among fishers in a tsunami-impacted area on the Andaman coast of Thailand. Following the tsunami, many predicted that fishers would be reluctant to resume their fishing activities. Observations in the fishing communities, however, indicated that as soon as fishers obtained replacements for equipment damaged by the tsunami, they began to fish again. Nevertheless, most fishers reported they would change fishing type, and that if they had the opportunity they would leave fishing altogether. Whether or not these attitudes can be attributed solely to the impacts of the tsunami is not clear at this point, but this supposition is provided some support from data collected from small scale fishers in two towns near Bangkok in the Gulf of Thailand which reflected more positive attitudes towards the occupation. While attitudes towards the occupation are more negative than those reported for many other fisheries, the scores for the job satisfaction categories indicated that the sample means for all job satisfaction categories except Self-Actualisation are above the midpoint on the scales. This, in turn, indicates general satisfaction with the occupation-perhaps the challenge and adventure of the job are perceived as being a little too much following on the heels of the Indian Ocean tsunami that devastated the area. Hence, although fishers say that they would leave the occupation for another, it is unlikely that they will unless the alternate occupation, at the very least, meets the satisfactions provided by fishing. C1 [Pollnac, Richard B.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Kotowicz, Dawn] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Pollnac, RB (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM pollnac3@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-8300 J9 SOC INDIC RES JI Soc. Indic. Res. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 109 IS 1 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s11205-012-0056-2 PG 14 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 004EO UT WOS:000308663300006 ER PT J AU De la Varga, I Castro, J Bentz, D Weiss, J AF De la Varga, Igor Castro, Javier Bentz, Dale Weiss, Jason TI Application of internal curing for mixtures containing high volumes of fly ash SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Autogenous shrinkage; Cracking; High volume fly ash; Hydration; Internal curing; Restrained shrinkage ID CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS; SHRINKAGE CRACKING; CONCRETE; DURABILITY; AGGREGATE; BEHAVIOR AB This paper focuses on testing performed on mixtures that would be consistent with the mortar portion of a concrete bridge deck mixture for many state departments of transportation. In this work a relatively large percentage of cement (40%, 60%, or 80% by volume) is replaced with Class C fly ash. To overcome concerns associated with slow set and early-age strength development that are often expressed with the high volume fly ash mixtures (HVFA), the water-to-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) by mass has been reduced from a conventional value of 0.42 to 0.30. To overcome potential complications that the low w/cm may cause in terms of self-desiccation, internal curing (IC) with prewetted lightweight aggregate was used to reduce shrinkage and increase hydration. By adopting this approach (lowering the w/c and using IC) IC HVFA mixtures show additional benefits that should permit their broader application. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [De la Varga, Igor; Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Castro, Javier] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Engn, Santiago, Chile. [Bentz, Dale] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP De la Varga, I (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM idelavar@purdue.edu OI CASTRO, JAVIER/0000-0002-2510-985X; Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 FU Federal Highway Administration; Purdue University; NIST (Project BAA) [DTFH61-08-R-00034] FX The authors of this work acknowledge the Federal Highway Administration for partially supporting this project together with Purdue University and NIST (Project BAA No. DTFH61-08-R-00034). The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein, and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration, nor do the contents constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The experiments reported in this paper were conducted in the Pankow Materials Laboratories at Purdue University. The authors acknowledge the support that has made this laboratory and its operation possible. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1001 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.06.008 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 996VB UT WOS:000308121800004 ER PT J AU Bryan, CE Davis, WC McFee, WE Neumann, CA Schulte, J Bossart, GD Christopher, SJ AF Bryan, Colleen E. Davis, W. Clay McFee, Wayne E. Neumann, Carola A. Schulte, Jennifer Bossart, Gregory D. Christopher, Steven J. TI Influence of mercury and selenium chemistries on the progression of cardiomyopathy in pygmy sperm whales, Kogia breviceps SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Selenium; Protein oxidation; Cardiomyopathy; Pygmy sperm whale ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; VITAMIN-E; OXIDATIVE STRESS; STRANDED PYGMY; GLUTATHIONE; TISSUES; BLOOD AB More than half of pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) that strand exhibit signs of cardiomyopathy (CMP). Many factors may contribute to the development of idiopathic CMP in K. breviceps, including genetics, infectious agents, contaminants, biotoxins, and dietary intake (e.g. selenium, mercury, and pro-oxidants). This study assessed trace elements in K. breviceps at various stages of CMP progression using fresh frozen liver and heart samples collected from individuals that stranded along US Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1993 and 2007. Standard addition calibration and collision cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed for total Se analysis and pyrolysis atomic absorption (AA) was utilized for total Hg analysis to examine if the Se/Hg detoxification pathway inhibits the bioavailability of Se. Double spike speciated isotope dilution gas chromatography ICP-MS was utilized to measure methyl Hg and inorganic Hg. Immunoblot detection and colorimetric assays were used to assess protein oxidation status. Data collected on trace elements, selenoproteins, and oxidative status were evaluated in the context of animal life history and other complementary histological information to gain insight into the biochemical pathways contributing to the development of CMP in K. breviceps. Cardiomyopathy was only observed in adult pygmy sperm whales, predominantly in male animals. Both Hg:Se molar ratios and overall protein oxidation were greater in males than females and increased with progression of CMP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bryan, Colleen E.; Davis, W. Clay; Christopher, Steven J.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bryan, Colleen E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [McFee, Wayne E.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Neumann, Carola A.; Schulte, Jennifer] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Cell & Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Bryan, CE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM colleen.bryan@nist.gov FU Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program FX Collectors from the Southeast Regional Stranding Program are appreciated for their time and effort in responding to strandings and collecting pygmy sperm whale samples. Michelle Fleetwood (AFIP), Kenny Kroell (HBOI), and David Rotstein (U of TN) were extremely helpful in gathering histology slides and reports. Lynn Thorsell and Ed Wirth (HML/NOS/NOAA) are thanked for use of instrumentation for total mercury measurements. Members of the Woodley Laboratory (HML/NOS/NOAA) are thanked for use of equipment and assistance with cryogenic homogenization. Rebecca Pugh, Amanda Moors, and Michael Ellisor were key to sample banking and cryogenic homogenization. Teresa Rowles of NOAA is thanked for providing support for these studies under the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2012 VL 89 IS 5 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.051 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 996AH UT WOS:000308055900011 PM 22704211 ER PT J AU West, CF Wischniowski, S Johnston, C AF West, Catherine F. Wischniowski, Stephen Johnston, Christopher TI Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) as a paleothermometer: otolith oxygen isotope reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Stable oxygen isotopes; Pacific cod; Otolith; Kodiak; Alaska; Methods ID LATE-HOLOCENE; ARAGONITIC OTOLITHS; FISH OTOLITHS; MARINE FISH; ALASKA; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; RECORDS; GULF; FRACTIONATION AB Stable isotope studies are increasingly important for understanding past environmental and cultural developments along the North Pacific Rim. In this paper, we present methods for using Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) otoliths as a paleothermometer using a case study from Kodiak Island, Alaska. The results of this study indicate that Pacific cod otoliths record variable paleoenvironmental conditions during the Little Ice Age. The broad distribution of Pacific cod and success in using the otoliths as a paleothermometer makes this method widely applicable to researchers working throughout the northern Pacific Rim. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [West, Catherine F.] Univ Maine, Dept Anthropol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [West, Catherine F.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Wischniowski, Stephen] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Johnston, Christopher] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP West, CF (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Anthropol, 5773 S Stevens, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM catherine.west@umit.maine.edu; stevew@iphc.int; Chris.Johnston@noaa.gov FU Prince William Sound Oil Spill Recovery Institute; National Science Foundation; Alaska Anthropological Association; University of Washington Quaternary Research Center FX This research is supported by the Prince William Sound Oil Spill Recovery Institute, the National Science Foundation, the Alaska Anthropological Association, and the University of Washington Quaternary Research Center. Thanks also to Koniag, Inc. and the Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository for facilitating and supporting my use of the archaeological collections, and to Delsa Anderl and Dan Urban at the AFSC, the National Ocean Sciences AMS facility, and Dorinda Ostermann, Benjamin Walther, and Simon Thorrold at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Micropaleontology Lab. Thanks to Torben Rick and two reviewers for their valuable comments on this paper. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3277 EP 3283 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2012.05.009 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 001HZ UT WOS:000308452600022 ER PT J AU Duchene, S Frey, A Alfaro-Nunez, A Dutton, PH Gilbert, MTP Morin, PA AF Duchene, Sebastian Frey, Amy Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo Dutton, Peter H. Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Morin, Phillip A. TI Marine turtle mitogenome phylogenetics and evolution SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Sea turtle; Molecular clock; Mitogenome; Molecular adaptive evolution; Mitochondrial phylogenetics ID COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; DNA CONTROL REGION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FOSSIL CALIBRATIONS; BAYES FACTORS; SWISS-MODEL AB The sea turtles are a group of cretaceous origin containing seven recognized living species: leatherback, hawksbill, Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, loggerhead, green, and flatback. The leatherback is the single member of the Dermochelidae family, whereas all other sea turtles belong in Cheloniidae. Analyses of partial mitochondrial sequences and some nuclear markers have revealed phylogenetic inconsistencies within Cheloniidae, especially regarding the placement of the flatback. Population genetic studies based on D-Loop sequences have shown considerable structuring in species with broad geographic distributions, shedding light on complex migration patterns and possible geographic or climatic events as driving forces of sea-turtle distribution. We have sequenced complete mitogenomes for all sea-turtle species, including samples from their geographic range extremes, and performed phylogenetic analyses to assess sea-turtle evolution with a large molecular dataset. We found variation in the length of the ATP8 gene and a highly variable site in ND4 near a proton translocation channel in the resulting protein. Complete mitogenomes show strong support and resolution for phylogenetic relationships among all sea turtles, and reveal phylogeographic patterns within globally-distributed species. Although there was clear concordance between phylogenies and geographic origin of samples in most taxa, we found evidence of more recent dispersal events in the loggerhead and olive ridley turtles, suggesting more recent migrations (<1 Myr) in these species. Overall, our results demonstrate the complexity of sea-turtle diversity, and indicate the need for further research in phylogeography and molecular evolution. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Duchene, Sebastian; Frey, Amy; Dutton, Peter H.; Morin, Phillip A.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Morin, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 9801 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM garzonsebastian@hotmail.com; amy.frey@noaa.gov; alonzoalfaro@gmail.com; peter.dutton@noaa.gov; mtpgilbert@gmail.com; phillip.morin@noaa.gov RI Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013; OI Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195; Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo/0000-0002-4050-5041; Duchene, Sebastian/0000-0002-2863-0907 FU NMFS FX Samples archived in the US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Marine Turtle Molecular Research Sample Collection at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center were collected under the respective National authorizations and CITES permit conditions. We thank Erin LaCasella, Amanda Bowman, Gabriela Serra-Valente for laboratory assistance. For providing samples we thank the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish and Wildlife Service, NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NMFS-Pacific Islands Regional Office Fisheries Observer Program, Galapagos National Park, Charles Darwin Research Foundation, SEMARNAT, MINAE, US National Park Service, Padre Island National Seashore, Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, US Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Natal Parks Board, George Balazs, Ana Barragan, Brian Bowen, Arturo Ceron, Jennifer Cruce, Cheong Hoong Diong, Sheryan Epperly, Nancy Fitzsimmons, Brendan Godley, Stacy Hargrove, Emma Harrison, George Hughes, Pushpa Palaniappan, Nelly de la Paz, Rotney Piedra, Laura Sarti, Donna Shaver, Lesley Stokes, Wendy Teas, Sebastian Troeng, Shelby Walker, and Patricia Zarate. We are grateful to Bill Perrin, Michael Jensen and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by NMFS. NR 75 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 16 U2 154 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 65 IS 1 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 996CG UT WOS:000308061000021 PM 22750111 ER PT J AU La Mesa, M Catalano, B Kock, KH Jones, CD AF La Mesa, Mario Catalano, Barbara Kock, Karl-Hermann Jones, Christopher D. TI Age and growth of the Antarctic dragonfish Parachaenichthys charcoti (Pisces, Bathydraconidae) from the southern Scotia Arc SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ageing; Bathydraconid; Parachaenichthys; Southern ocean ID SHETLAND ISLANDS; FISH; PENINSULA; PRECISION; ECOLOGY; SUMMER; WINTER AB The Antarctic dragonfish Parachaenichthys charcoti is commonly found in shelf waters of islands in the southern Scotia Arc. Its northern congener P. georgianus is distributed on the shelves of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Biological information on P. charcoti is limited and restricted largely to reproductive traits and feeding habits. The present study fills this gap, providing the first data on age and growth of this species by otolith reading. Age was estimated in juveniles and adults by counting annuli on otoliths. Age of early juveniles was determined by microincrement counts (considered to be daily rings). Age estimates of juveniles and adults ranged from 1 to 9 years, with a high percentage agreement between readings and low values of counting variability indices APE (3.3 %) and CV (4.7 %). Age of early juveniles ranged from 160 to 204 days, all showing an evident check at 32-35 days of age, tentatively linked to the first larval exogenous feeding. The estimated values of von Bertalanffy growth parameters L (a) and k were 53.55 cm and 0.22, respectively, and the index of growth performance P was 2.33. Hatching in P. charcoti takes place in late winter, from August to September. Compared to other notothenioids inhabiting the Seasonal Pack-ice Zone, P. charcoti is a relatively fast growing species with moderate longevity, sharing several biological characteristics with its sister species P. georgianus. C1 [La Mesa, Mario] ISMAR CNR, Ist Sci Marine, I-60125 Ancona, Italy. [Catalano, Barbara] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, ISPRA, I-00166 Rome, Italy. [Kock, Karl-Hermann] Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst, Inst Seefischerei, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP La Mesa, M (reprint author), ISMAR CNR, Ist Sci Marine, I-60125 Ancona, Italy. EM m.lamesa@ismar.cnr.it RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486 FU PNRA (Italian National Antarctic Research Program) FX We thank all the crew members, personnel and scientific staff aboard of RV Polarstern and RV Moana Wave for their invaluable support in sampling activities. This study was supported by the PNRA (Italian National Antarctic Research Program). We thank J.T. Eastman, J.S. Christiansen and an anonymous referee for their useful advices. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1545 EP 1553 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1194-3 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999RJ UT WOS:000308331600009 ER PT J AU Brumbach, MT Woicik, JC AF Brumbach, Michael T. Woicik, Joseph C. TI HAXPES of protected ITO surfaces at the buried P3HT/ITO interface SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE buried interface; P3HT; ITO; XPS; HAXPES; peak fitting ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; PLASMA TREATMENT; HALOGEN ACIDS; COMBINATION AB The characterization of buried interfaces is difficult and often has to be performed by a post-processing method where the interface is exposed. Hard energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy offers the ability to tune the X-ray energy and thereby change the information depth. In this work, an inorganic/organic interface was evaluated, namely the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) interface with indium tin oxide (ITO), with relevance to organic photovoltaic devices. P3HT/ITO buried interfaces were examined using three X-ray energies where the ITO surface was prepared under different pretreatment conditions. The P3HT film protected the ITO surface from adventitious adsorbents and allowed for sensitivity to the buried ITO surface. Robust peak fitting parameters were obtained to model the O 1?s and In 3d lineshapes. The deconvolution of these lineshapes allowed for the clear identification of a surface layer on the ITO which is oxidized to a greater extent than the underlying bulk ITO. The surface oxide layer, composed of indium oxide and indium hydroxide, is deficient of oxygen vacancies and would therefore be expected to act as an insulating barrier on the ITO surface. Peak fitting conditions allowed for an estimation of the relative thicknesses of this insulating layer. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Brumbach, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brumbach, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mtbrumb@sandia.gov FU National Synchrotron Light Source; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Dan Fischer, Barry Karlin, Conan Weiland, and Cherno Jaye at the National Institute for Standards and Technology for their support with work at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The inclusion of company names is for completeness and does not represent an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or Sandia National Laboratories. The authors are grateful for support from Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1379 EP 1384 DI 10.1002/sia.5072 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 999IM UT WOS:000308303100013 ER PT J AU Chao, Q Hudson, DD Kutz, JN Cundiff, ST AF Chao, Qing Hudson, Darren D. Kutz, J. Nathan Cundiff, S. T. TI Waveguide Array Fiber Laser SO IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fiber lasers; mode-locking; spatial solitons ID PULSE GENERATION; MODE-LOCKING; SOLITONS AB A waveguide array fiber laser is demonstrated. An AlGaAs waveguide array is used as a saturable absorber to achieve passive mode-locking in an erbium-doped fiber laser. The output consists of a very regular train of pulses. Autocorrelations show that the pulses consist of noise bursts due to incomplete mode-locking. C1 [Chao, Qing; Hudson, Darren D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chao, Qing; Hudson, Darren D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chao, Qing; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hudson, Darren D.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kutz, J. Nathan] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-0604700]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-0174] FX Manuscript received June 13, 2012; accepted July 10, 2012. Date of publication July 19, 2012; date of current version August 6, 2012. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The work of J. N. Kutz was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (DMS-0604700) and by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA9550-09-0174). Corresponding author: S. Cundiff (e-mail: cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu). NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1943-0655 EI 1943-0647 J9 IEEE PHOTONICS J JI IEEE Photonics J. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 4 IS 5 DI 10.1109/JPHOT.2012.2209411 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 248HC UT WOS:000326687800001 ER PT J AU Morris, JA Carman, MR AF Morris, James A., Jr. Carman, Mary R. TI Fragment reattachment, reproductive status, and health indicators of the invasive colonial tunicate Didemnum vexillum with implications for dispersal SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Didemnum vexillum; Invasive species; Tunicate ID ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; ASCIDIANS; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY; GROWTH; SIZE; GULF AB The invasive colonial tunicate Didemnum vexillum is now widespread in coastal and offshore waters of New England, USA. D. vexillum can inflict ecological and economic damage through biofouling and habitat modification. Natural and anthropogenic processes that fragment colonies of D. vexillum may be accelerating the spread of this invader. Reattachment success and fragment viability were confirmed in the laboratory after four weeks of suspension in experimental aquaria. The shape of suspended D. vexillum fragments progressed from flattened to globular spheres and then flattened again after reattachment to the substrate. Reproductive activity, confirmed by the presence of eggs and larvae, was observed for fragments suspended up to 3 weeks suggesting that D. vexillum is capable of reproducing while in a fragmented, suspended state. An index of colony health was used to monitor change in D. vexillum health while in suspension. Overall, colony health declined with time in suspension although colonies that appeared dead (black and gray in overall color) still contained a substantial number of healthy live zooids. These results suggest that activities that cause fragmentation can significantly facilitate the spread of D. vexillum. Coastal managers should consider reducing or eliminating, when practical, activities that return fragmented colonies of D. vexillum to the water. In-water cleaning of biofouling and dredging are likely expediting the spread of this invasive species unless biofouling can be contained and removed from the water. C1 [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci NOAA NOS NCCOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Carman, Mary R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Morris, JA (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci NOAA NOS NCCOS, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM james.morris@noaa.gov FU NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Program FX This research was funded by the NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Program. We are especially grateful to K. Elaine Hoagland for her laboratory observations and insights into the reproductive biology and health indicators of living Didemnum vexillum colonies. We also thank A. Ostrowski for statistical support and J. Govoni, D. Ahrenholz, K. Elaine Hoagland, J. Dijkstra, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful review of this manuscript. Mention of brand names or manufacturers does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Federal Government. The United States government has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license on and to any copyright covering this paper. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2012 VL 14 IS 10 BP 2133 EP 2140 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0219-8 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995UE UT WOS:000308037700014 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Bauer, L Pierce, RM Center, TD AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissa R. Bauer, Laurie Pierce, Ryan M. Center, Ted D. TI Ecology of common salvinia, Salvinia minima Baker, in southern Florida SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Salvinia minima; Interspecific competition; Disturbance; Herbivory; Population dynamics ID COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANTS AB Populations of the floating macrophyte, Salvinia minima Baker, were assessed over a 39-month period at four sites in southern Florida in order to elucidate the abiotic and biotic factors that influenced their density. These factors included the abundance of other plant species, changes in water depth, water quality, and herbivory by insects. Abiotic factors like temperature, pH, DO, and conductivity varied among sites and, more importantly, over time. The same was true for S. minima biomass, coverage, and condition. Principal component analysis identified four components which together explained 64% of the variability in S. minima biomass. The first component correlated strongly with herbivory from Cyrtobagous salviniae Carder and Sands and Synclita obliteralis (Walker) as well as the abundance of the duckweed Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) schleid. Temperature effects were strongly represented in the second principal component. A stepwise regression model that best predicted S. minima biomass incorporated conductivity, insect herbivory, and interspecific plant abundance. Broader dry vs. wet season influences were apparent and linked to temperature, water depth, and conductivity that covaried with S. minima biomass. Sites where water depth changed the most had the least S. minima. Insect herbivory did not increase under more stagnant conditions when plant populations were less mobile. Overall, S. minima populations cycled in southern Florida in response to a shifting array of abiotic and biotic factors. The relative importance of these factors was less clear although the influences of herbivory, temperature, and the presence of other plants were significant. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Center, Ted D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Davie, FL USA. [Martin, Melissa R.] USFWS, ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Bauer, Laurie] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pierce, Ryan M.] Alan Plummer Associates Inc, Dallas, TX USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Davie, FL USA. EM Philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 102 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.04.005 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 983XX UT WOS:000307153100004 ER PT J AU Kalinowski, ST Van Doornik, DM Kozfkay, CC Waples, RS AF Kalinowski, Steven T. Van Doornik, Donald M. Kozfkay, Christine C. Waples, Robin S. TI Genetic diversity in the Snake River sockeye salmon captive broodstock program as estimated from broodstock records SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Captive; Broodstock; Breeding; Oncorhynchus nerka; Genetic diversity ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZES; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; UNCERTAIN PARENTAGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BREEDING PROGRAMS; MANAGEMENT; FITNESS AB Snake River sockeye salmon spawning in Redfish Lake, Idaho are one of the most endangered taxa of Pacific salmon. The wild population nearly went extinct in the 1990s, and all surviving fish were incorporated into a captive broodstock program at that time. We used pedigree analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the breeding program in retaining genetic variation from 1991 through 2008. Broodstock records document which males were crossed with which females, but fish from multiple crosses were frequently raised in the same tank so the exact pedigree of the population is unknown. Therefore, a simulation-based approach was used to estimate how much genetic diversity was retained by this breeding program. Results indicate that in 2008, after 5.5 generations of breeding, the average inbreeding coefficient was probably about 0.056. We estimated the inbreeding effective population size to be 41 over the entire program and 115 for the most recent generation. This amount of inbreeding is substantially less than has occurred in many high-profile captive breeding programs. Our results depend on several assumptions regarding the relatedness of fish in the breeding program, but simulations suggest our main results are relatively insensitive to these assumptions. C1 [Kalinowski, Steven T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Van Doornik, Donald M.; Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kozfkay, Christine C.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. RP Kalinowski, ST (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM skalinowski@montana.edu RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU NOAA; National Science Foundation [DEB 0717456] FX We thank Dan Baker, Paul Kline and Debbie Frost for assistance in compiling broodstock records. Major funding for this work was provided by NOAA. Additional funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant DEB 0717456 to STK). NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1193 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0363-9 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 992FW UT WOS:000307762000002 ER PT J AU van der Westhuysen, AJ AF van der Westhuysen, Andre J. TI Spectral modeling of wave dissipation on negative current gradients SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE SWAN; Waves; Wave-current interaction; Dissipation ID VALIDATION; EVOLUTION; SWAN; TERM AB Hindcast studies for the Dutch Wadden Sea using the spectral wind wave model SWAN have shown the significant influence of currents on wave predictions in the tidal inlets. In a number of cases with strong gradients in opposing, partially blocking current, wave heights are significantly overestimated. Ris and Holthuijsen (1996) propose that such overestimations are due to insufficient steepness dissipation of waves on an opposing current gradient. The present paper presents a new formulation for the enhanced breaking dissipation of waves on negative current gradients (accelerating opposing current; decelerating following current). Nonlinear effects are not included in detail for these partial blocking conditions, but handled parametrically. Unlike the expression by Ris and Holthuijsen (1996), the proposed expression isolates the steepening effect of the current gradient on the waves, so that inherently steep young wind sea is not overly dissipated. This expression contains one additional unknown parameter, which was calibrated using laboratory observations. Validation of this enhanced dissipation term for field cases of the Amelander Zeegat tidal inlet (Dutch Wadden Sea) shows an improvement in the tidal channel for both opposing and following current situations with negative gradients. In particular, the results for the young wind sea on the tidal flats are not significantly affected, as desired, unlike with the expression of Ris and Holthuijsen (1996). However, since the remaining dissipation terms in SWAN have been calibrated without this enhanced dissipation term, the addition of the proposed formulation results in some deterioration of the overall statistics. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [van der Westhuysen, Andre J.] Deltares, Hydraul Engn Unit, NL-2629 HD Delft, Netherlands. RP van der Westhuysen, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, UCAR, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Andre.VanderWesthuysen@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 68 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.05.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 984QH UT WOS:000307205600004 ER PT J AU Polikhronidi, NG Batyrova, RG Abdulagatov, IM Stepanov, GV Wu, JT AF Polikhronidi, N. G. Batyrova, R. G. Abdulagatov, I. M. Stepanov, G. V. Wu, J. T. TI PvT and thermal-pressure coefficient measurements of diethyl ether (DEE) in the critical and supercritical regions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Coexistence curve; Critical point; Diethyl ether; Equation of state; Internal pressure; Isochoric heat capacity; Scaling law; Saturated density; Thermal-pressure coefficient; Vapour-pressure ID ISOCHORIC HEAT-CAPACITY; ENERGY-VOLUME COEFFICIENTS; ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; INTERNAL-PRESSURE; CRITICAL-POINT; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CONFLUENT SINGULARITIES; NITROGEN TETROXIDE; LIQUID-MIXTURES; ISING-MODEL AB The pressures (P) and its temperature derivatives or thermal-pressure coefficient, gamma(V) = (oP/oT)(V), of DEE have been measured in the near-and supercritical regions as a function of temperature along the various liquid and vapour isochores. Measurements were made in the immediate vicinity of the liquid-gas phase transition and the critical points (single-and two-phase regions) using a high-temperature, high-pressure, nearly constant-volume adiabatic piezo-calorimeter. The constant-volume adiabatic calorimeter previously used for C-V measurements was additionally supplied with high accurate strain gauge (calibrated piezoelectric transducer) to measure simultaneously the PvT, C-V vT, and thermal-pressure coefficient gamma(V). Measurements were made along 17 liquid and vapour isochores in the range from (212.6 to 534.6) kg.m(-3) and at temperatures from (347 to 575) K and at pressures up to 18 MPa. The quasi-static thermo- (reading of PRT, T-tau plot) and barograms (readings of the high accurate strain gauge, P-tau plot) techniques were used to accurate measure of the phase transition parameters (PS, rho(S), T-S) and gamma(V) at saturation curve. Temperatures at the liquid-gas phase transition curve, T-S(rho), for each measured density (isochore) and the critical parameters (T-C and rho(C)) for DEE were obtained using the quasi-static thermograms technique. The expanded uncertainty of the pressure and its temperature derivative, (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V), measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.05% and (0.12 to 1.5)% (depending on temperature and pressure), respectively. The measured pressures and temperature derivatives, (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V), have been used to calculate the internal pressure (or energy-volume coefficient) as (partial derivative U/partial derivative v)(T) = T(partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V) - P. The effect of pressure and temperature on the internal pressure near the critical point was studied. The measured values of thermal-pressure coefficient, (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V), were used to determine accurately the behaviour of second temperature derivative (partial derivative P-2/partial derivative T-2)(V) near the critical point and compared with our previous isochoric heat capacity measured results, (partial derivative P-2/partial derivative T-2)(rho) = rho(2)/T(partial derivative C-V/partial derivative rho)(T). The measured and derived thermodynamic properties of DEE near the critical point were interpreted in terms of theory of critical phenomena. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polikhronidi, N. G.; Batyrova, R. G.; Stepanov, G. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Wu, J. T.] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM polikhronidi@rambler.ru; ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov; jtwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn FU Grant RFBR [08-08-92215] FX One of us (I.M.A.) thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division at the National Institute of Standards and technology (NIST) for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. This work was supported by Grant RFBR 08-08-92215. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 53 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2012.04.005 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 959VT UT WOS:000305346100011 ER PT J AU Peacock, RD Hoskins, BL Kuligowski, ED AF Peacock, R. D. Hoskins, B. L. Kuligowski, E. D. TI Overall and local movement speeds during fire drill evacuations in buildings up to 31 stories SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Evacuation; Egress; Fire safety; Modeling; Theory AB The time that it takes an occupant population to reach safety when descending a stairwell during building evacuations is typically described by measurable engineering variables such as stairwell geometry, speed, density, and pre-evacuation delay. In turn, engineering models of building evacuation use these variables to predict the performance of egress systems for building design, emergency planning, or event reconstruction. As part of a program to better understand occupant movement and behavior during building emergencies, the Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been collecting stairwell movement data during fire drill evacuations of office buildings. These data collections are intended to provide a better understanding of this principal building egress feature and develop a technical foundation for future codes and standards requirements. To date, NIST has collected fire drill evacuation data in eight office building occupancies ranging from 6 to 62 stories in height that have included a range of stairwell widths and occupant densities. While average movement speeds in the current study of 0.48 m/s +/- 0.16 m/s are observed to be quite similar to the range of literature values, local movement speeds as occupants traverse down the stairwell are seen to vary widely within a given stairwell, ranging from 0.056 m/s to 1.7 m/s. These data should provide confirmation of the adequacy of existing literature values typically used for occupant movement speeds or provide updated values for future analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Peacock, R. D.; Hoskins, B. L.; Kuligowski, E. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peacock, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.peacock@nist.gov NR 34 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 50 IS 8 SI SI BP 1655 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/j.ssci.2012.01.003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 961UG UT WOS:000305494400002 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Emmerich, SJ Persily, AK Lin, CC AF Wang, Liangzhu Emmerich, Steven J. Persily, Andrew K. Lin, Cheng-Chun TI Carbon monoxide generation, dispersion and exposure from indoor operation of gasoline-powered electric generators under actual weather conditions SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon monoxide gasoline-powered generator; In situ experiments; Carbon monoxide exposure; Multi-zone AB Gasoline-powered electric generators are widely used during power outages such as those caused by hurricanes and winter storms. Based on currently available data, about 95% of generator-related carbon monoxide (CO) fatalities were associated with operating carbuteted, spark-ignited and gasoline-powered generators in enclosed spaces. To investigate the indoor CO exposure associated with running a generator indoors, the generation of CO was measured from a generator in an enclosed shed. Correlations of CO generation and O-2 consumption rates were developed as functions of O-2 level and actual generator load output. An indoor air quality and ventilation model was then used to predict the air change rates and CO levels in the shed, which were then compared with measured values. This study also used the simulation model to calculate CO generation and dispersion, and occupant exposures to CO, with a generator running in the garage of a house during weather conditions consistent with the days after Hurricane Katrina in the summer of 2005. For the simulation conditions, it was found that the resultant CO could reach dangerous levels in most rooms of the house about 2 h after the generator started. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Liangzhu; Lin, Cheng-Chun] Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Emmerich, Steven J.; Persily, Andrew K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM leonwang@bcee.concordia.ca FU U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) [CPSC-1-06-0012]; U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX This research was supported by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) under the interagency agreement CPSC-1-06-0012 between the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The authors would like to thank Donald W. Switzer, Janet Buyer, Christopher J. Brown, and Susan Bathalon of CPSC, W. Stuart Dols and Gregory T. Linteris of NIST, and Qingyan (Yan) Chen of Purdue University for their help on this project. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 56 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.03.016 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 959ME UT WOS:000305315700029 ER PT J AU Hughes, M Neiman, PJ Sukovich, E Ralph, M AF Hughes, Mimi Neiman, Paul J. Sukovich, Ellen Ralph, Marty TI Representation of the Sierra Barrier Jet in 11 years of a high-resolution dynamical reanalysis downscaling compared with long-term wind profiler observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; NEVADA MOUNTAINS; MODELING SYSTEM; PART I; CALIFORNIA; WINTER; CALJET; COAST AB We investigate the representation of the Sierra Barrier Jet (SBJ) in four numerical models at different resolutions, primarily documenting its representation within a high-resolution (6 km), 11-year WRF reanalysis downscaling (WRF-RD). A comprehensive validation of this dynamical downscaling is undertaken during 11 cool seasons (water years 2001-2011, October to March) using available wind profiler data at Chico, CA (CCO). We identify SBJ cases in the observed CCO wind profiler data, as well as in WRF-RD at the closest grid point. WRF-RD's representation of the SBJ at CCO is compared with that of other reanalysis products with coarser horizontal resolutions (i.e., the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), the California Reanalysis downscaling, and the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis) to assess whether downscaling is necessary to correctly capture this topographically induced low-level jet. Detailed comparisons across California between WRF-RD and NARR suggest downscaling is necessary: Only WRF-RD at 6 km resolution is well-capturing this dynamical feature. A catalog of modeled SBJ events that have significant timing overlap with observations is created and used to further assess WRF-RD's representation of SBJ events. In addition, observation-model comparisons of other meteorologically important variables (e.g., precipitation melting level, wind profiles, temperature, and relative humidity) are performed in order to evaluate WRF-RD's ability to capture the dynamical evolution of the SBJ. The detailed, case-by-case comparisons reveal WRF-RD accurately represents 56 percent of the 256 observed SBJ cases occurring during these 11 cool seasons, albeit with a weak wind bias that increases with jet maximum wind strength. C1 [Hughes, Mimi; Neiman, Paul J.; Sukovich, Ellen; Ralph, Marty] NOAA, PSD, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Sukovich, Ellen] NOAA, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hughes, M (reprint author), NOAA, PSD, ESRL, 325 Broadway,R-PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mimi.hughes@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU National Research Council Research Application Program Postdoctoral Fellowship FX NARR data was retrieved from the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Research Data Archive. NNRP data was provided by the NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division, in Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. CaRD10 data was provided by Masao Kanamitsu, Dan Cayan, and Mary Tyree at Scripps University. This work was conducted in the context of CalWater's (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ calwater/) atmospheric river - precipitation research theme hypothesis. Mimi Hughes was also supported by a National Research Council Research Application Program Postdoctoral Fellowship. Thanks go to Allen White for figure generation. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, and Alice DuVivier for help in editing, both of which enhanced the manuscript. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 29 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D18116 DI 10.1029/2012JD017869 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015BK UT WOS:000309419700003 ER PT J AU Yatheendradas, S Lidard, CDP Koren, V Cosgrove, BA De Goncalves, LGG Smith, M Geiger, J Cui, ZT Borak, J Kumar, SV Toll, DL Riggs, G Mizukami, N AF Yatheendradas, Soni Lidard, Christa D. Peters Koren, Victor Cosgrove, Brian A. De Goncalves, Luis G. G. Smith, Michael Geiger, Jim Cui, Zhengtao Borak, Jordan Kumar, Sujay V. Toll, David L. Riggs, George Mizukami, Naoki TI Distributed assimilation of satellite-based snow extent for improving simulated streamflow in mountainous, dense forests: An example over the DMIP2 western basins SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; COVERED AREA; WATER EQUIVALENT; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; SIERRA-NEVADA; RIVER-BASIN; MODIS; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION AB Snow cover area affects snowmelt, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and ultimately streamflow. For the Distributed Model Intercomparison Project - Phase 2 Western basins, we assimilate satellite-based fractional snow cover area (fSCA) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, or MODIS, into the National Weather Service (NWS) SNOW-17 model. This model is coupled with the NWS Sacramento Heat Transfer (SAC-HT) model inside the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Land Information System. SNOW-17 computes fSCA from snow water equivalent (SWE) values using an areal depletion curve. Using a direct insertion, we assimilate fSCAs in two fully distributed ways: (1) we update the curve by attempting SWE preservation, and (2) we reconstruct SWEs using the curve. The preceding are refinements of an existing simple, conceptually guided NWS algorithm. Satellite fSCA over dense forests inadequately accounts for below-canopy snow, degrading simulated streamflow upon assimilation during snowmelt. Accordingly, we implement a below-canopy allowance during assimilation. This simplistic allowance and direct insertion are found to be inadequate for improving calibrated results, still degrading them as mentioned above. However, for streamflow volume for the uncalibrated runs, we obtain: (1) substantial to major improvements (64-81%) as a percentage of the control run residuals (or distance from observations), and (2) minor improvements (16-22%) as a percentage of observed values. We highlight the need for detailed representations of canopy-snow optical radiative transfer processes in mountainous, dense forest regions if assimilation-based improvements are to be seen in calibrated runs over these areas. C1 [Yatheendradas, Soni; Lidard, Christa D. Peters; Borak, Jordan; Kumar, Sujay V.; Toll, David L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yatheendradas, Soni; Borak, Jordan] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Koren, Victor; Cosgrove, Brian A.; Smith, Michael; Cui, Zhengtao; Mizukami, Naoki] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Hydrol Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [De Goncalves, Luis G. G.] DMD CPTEC INPE, Grp Data Assimilat Dev, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. [Kumar, Sujay V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Riggs, George] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Riggs, George] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mizukami, Naoki] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Yatheendradas, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM soni.yatheendradas@nasa.gov RI de Goncalves, Luis Gustavo/G-2522-2012; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; OI de Goncalves, Luis Gustavo/0000-0002-1571-0916 FU NASA Applied Sciences Program Decisions-CAN [NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-C] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the NASA Applied Sciences Program Decisions-CAN proposal NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-C (PI: Restrepo). We also acknowledge helpful science and project scheduling discussions with Scott Rheingrover, provision of the correct aesc19_rms code by Eric Anderson (NOAA, retired), data and basin comparison correspondence with Robert Rice (UC Merced), MODIS data and assimilation communications with Kristi Arsenault (GMU/CREW) and Dorothy Hall and James Foster (NASA/GSFC), and in situ snow data initially provided by NOHRSC and the DMIP2 project. We greatly appreciate the useful review comments and suggestions provided by Editor John Selker, Associate Editor Martyn Clark, two anonymous reviewers and Kristie Franz. NR 95 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 29 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W09557 DI 10.1029/2011WR011347 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 015BR UT WOS:000309420500001 ER PT J AU Lovas, FJ Lide, DR Suenram, RD Johnson, DR AF Lovas, F. J. Lide, D. R., Jr. Suenram, R. D. Johnson, D. R. TI Evolution of Microwave Spectroscopy at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric chemistry, dimers; hydrogen bonding; internal rotation; microwave spectroscopy; radio astronomy; rotational spectrum; tunneling motions ID EXHIBITING INTERNAL-ROTATION; MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; QUADRUPOLE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; EXCITED VIBRATIONAL STATES; DER-WAALS COMPLEX; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ALKALI HYDROXIDES; REACTION-PRODUCTS; FORCE-FIELD AB This paper describes the beginning and evolution of microwave rotational spectroscopic research starting in 1954 at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), located at that time in Washington, DC, through the present at NIST in Gaithersburg, MD. David Lide was hired in 1954 to start this research employing Stark modulated waveguide septum cells. When Donald R. Johnson joined the lab in 1968, he developed parallel plate cells coupled with rf and DC discharge methods to study free radicals and transient species. In the mid 1980s Lovas and Suenram constructed a pulsed molecular beam Fourier Transform microwave (FTMW) spectrometer to study hydrogen bonded and van der Waals dimers and trimers. This article describes the types of molecules studied and the type molecular properties derived from these measurements as well as some of the instruments developed for these studies. The two major areas of application described are atmospheric chemistry and molecular radio astronomy. C1 [Lovas, F. J.; Lide, D. R., Jr.; Suenram, R. D.; Johnson, D. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lovas, FJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lovas@nist.gov NR 180 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 268 EP 296 DI 10.6028/jres.117.016 PG 29 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 018ZH UT WOS:000309706200001 PM 26900528 ER PT J AU Safavi-Naini, A von Stecher, J Capogrosso-Sansone, B Rittenhouse, ST AF Safavi-Naini, A. von Stecher, J. Capogrosso-Sansone, B. Rittenhouse, Seth T. TI First-Order Phase Transitions in Optical Lattices with Tunable Three-Body Onsite Interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; EFIMOV STATES; BOSONS; INSULATOR; SYSTEM; GASES AB We study the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of a three-body interaction term, both at a mean-field level and via quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The three-body term is tuned by coupling the triply occupied states to a trapped universal trimer. We find that, for a sufficiently attractive three-body interaction, the n = 2 Mott lobe disappears and the system displays first-order phase transitions separating the n = 1 from the n = 3 lobes and the n = 1 and n = 3 Mott insulator from the superfluid. We also analyze the effect of finite temperature and find that transitions are still of first order at temperatures T similar to J, where J is the hopping matrix element. C1 [Safavi-Naini, A.; Capogrosso-Sansone, B.; Rittenhouse, Seth T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Safavi-Naini, A.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [von Stecher, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [von Stecher, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capogrosso-Sansone, B.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Safavi-Naini, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NSF grant through ITAMP at Harvard University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; NSF; Tech-X Corporation FX We acknowledge fruitful discussions with H. R. Sadeghpour, M. Foss-Feig, and A. M. Rey. S. T. R. acknowledges the financial support of an NSF grant through ITAMP at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. J. v.S. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the ITAMP visitor program, where this work was initiated, and partial support from NSF and Tech-X Corporation. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 13 AR 135302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.135302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 014CD UT WOS:000309351800010 PM 23030100 ER PT J AU Pack, S Bobo, E Muir, N Yang, K Swaraj, S Ade, H Cao, CH Korach, CS Kashiwagi, T Rafailovich, MH AF Pack, Seongchan Bobo, Ezra Muir, Neil Yang, Kai Swaraj, Sufal Ade, Harald Cao, Changhong Korach, Chad S. Kashiwagi, Takashi Rafailovich, Miriam H. TI Engineering biodegradable polymer blends containing flame retardant-coated starch/nanoparticles SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Biodegradable polymer blends; Nanotube; Flame retardants ID X-RAY; STARCH; SEGREGATION; FILMS AB We have shown that the addition of resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP)-coated starch can improve the compatibility to either Ecoflex or poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The increased compatibilization enhanced the tensile properties such as yield strength and impact toughness. In particular, we examined the effect of addition of RDP-coated starch on thermal responses of a blend of Ecoflex/PLA. We found that the combination of RDP-coated starches with nanoclays could render the blends self-extinguishing since they are formed as a shell-like chars on the exposure surface against heat, which can prevent the melt polymers against dripping. With an examination on the scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) images of the blends, the Ecoflex domains were well dispersed in the PIA matrix, while the domains became smaller when the RDP-coated starch was added. Moreover, we demonstrated that the introduction of either flat-like or tube-like clays could provide an increase of interfacial area on the RDP-coated starch surfaces, where each polymer chain preferentially segregates to either the starch or the clay surface. Thus, large complex in-situ grafts with polymers can be formed at the interfaces. Additionally, the complex in-situ grafts could influence flammability of the blends. We have shown that the addition of RDP-coated clays can decrease the mass loss rate of Ecoflex/Starch blends, while a lot of nanofiber are formed on the chars surface, which are entangled each other with the clay platelets. The mechanical properties of the chars structures were examined by nano-indentation, where a good elastic chars formation could keep the internal pressures built up with decomposed gases from melt polymers as well as ductility of the chars could play an important role on releasing the internal gases through small vents on its surface, steadily where a good elastic and ductile chars formation could require keeping the internal pressures built up with decomposed gases from melt polymers. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pack, Seongchan; Yang, Kai; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bobo, Ezra] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Muir, Neil] Uniondale High Sch, Uniondale, NY 11553 USA. [Swaraj, Sufal; Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cao, Changhong; Korach, Chad S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kashiwagi, Takashi] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pack, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM parkarrow@hotmail.com; mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Swaraj, Sufal/E-4407-2010; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; OI Swaraj, Sufal/0000-0001-7351-2320; Cao, Changhong/0000-0002-9707-3518 FU NSF-MRSEC program FX The authors thank Ms. Susan C. Van Horn from Central Microscopy Imaging Center (C-MIC) at Stony Brook University for taking TEM images. This work was supported by the NSF-MRSEC program. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 116 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 28 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 21 BP 4787 EP 4799 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.007 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 014LO UT WOS:000309377400026 ER PT J AU Akmaev, RA AF Akmaev, R. A. TI On estimation and attribution of long-term temperature trends in the thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; CO2; MIDLATITUDES; IONOSPHERE; DECREASE; DENSITY; MODEL AB Recent analyses of long-term time series of ion temperature from two midlatitude incoherent-scatter radars have revealed very strong cooling, which is substantially greater than predicted by models for neutral temperature. There is also an indication that the cooling has substantially accelerated after a breakpoint around 1979 when the ozone hole was discovered. This has prompted a hypothesis that the accelerated cooling might have resulted from the ozone depletion and associated reduction in daytime radiative heating in the stratosphere. A lively discussion on relative roles of different cooling mechanisms has followed. The purpose of this note is to contribute to this discussion from a theoretical and modeling perspective. In particular, a possible misinterpretation of the modeling results behind the ozone hypothesis is clarified. It is also shown that model predictions of neutral temperature trends in the thermosphere agree well with, and hence are tightly constrained by, independent observations including trends in heights of ionospheric layers and in neutral density from satellite drag. However, they are up to an order of magnitude smaller than the observational estimates of trends in ion temperature. These widely different results cannot be quantitatively reconciled regardless of what known cooling mechanisms are invoked. This stark discrepancy should be addressed on the data analysis and theoretical fronts. Citation: Akmaev, R. A. (2012), On estimation and attribution of long-term temperature trends in the thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A09321, doi:10.1029/2012JA018058. C1 NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Akmaev, RA (reprint author), NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rashid.akmaev@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A09321 DI 10.1029/2012JA018058 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063JK UT WOS:000312993200002 ER PT J AU Flammia, ST Gross, D Liu, YK Eisert, J AF Flammia, Steven T. Gross, David Liu, Yi-Kai Eisert, Jens TI Quantum tomography via compressed sensing: error bounds, sample complexity and efficient estimators SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-RANK MATRICES; TRAPPED IONS; STATES; INFERENCE; RECOVERY; SYSTEMS AB Intuitively, if a density operator has small rank, then it should be easier to estimate from experimental data, since in this case only a few eigenvectors need to be learned. We prove two complementary results that confirm this intuition. Firstly, we show that a low-rank density matrix can be estimated using fewer copies of the state, i.e. the sample complexity of tomography decreases with the rank. Secondly, we show that unknown low-rank states can be reconstructed from an incomplete set of measurements, using techniques from compressed sensing and matrix completion. These techniques use simple Pauli measurements, and their output can be certified without making any assumptions about the unknown state. In this paper, we present a new theoretical analysis of compressed tomography, based on the restricted isometry property for low-rank matrices. Using these tools, we obtain near-optimal error bounds for the realistic situation where the data contain noise due to finite statistics, and the density matrix is full-rank with decaying eigenvalues. We also obtain upper bounds on the sample complexity of compressed tomography, and almost-matching lower bounds on the sample complexity of any procedure using adaptive sequences of Pauli measurements. Using numerical simulations, we compare the performance of two compressed sensing estimators-the matrix Dantzig selector and the matrix Lasso-with standard maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE). We find that, given comparable experimental resources, the compressed sensing estimators consistently produce higher fidelity state reconstructions than MLE. In addition, the use of an incomplete set of measurements leads to faster classical processing with no loss of accuracy. Finally, we show how to certify the accuracy of a low-rank estimate using direct fidelity estimation, and describe a method for compressed quantum process tomography that works for processes with small Kraus rank and requires only Pauli eigenstate preparations and Pauli measurements. C1 [Flammia, Steven T.] Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gross, David] Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Liu, Yi-Kai] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eisert, Jens] Free Univ Berlin, Dahlem Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Flammia, ST (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sflammia@cs.washington.edu RI Flammia, Steven/C-8637-2009; Eisert, Jens/D-9640-2017 OI Flammia, Steven/0000-0002-3975-0226; Eisert, Jens/0000-0003-3033-1292 FU IARPA MQCO program; Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments [ZUK 43]; EURYI; EU (Q-Essence); BMBF (QuOReP) FX We thank R Blume-Kohout, M Kleinmann and T Monz for discussions, B Brown for some preliminary numerical investigations and S Glancy for helpful comments on a draft of the paper. We additionally thank B Englert for hosting the workshop on quantum tomography in Singapore where some of this work was completed. STF was supported by the IARPA MQCO program. DG was supported by the Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments (grant ZUK 43). Contributions to this work by NIST, an agency of the US government, are not subject to copyright laws. Although this paper refers to specific computer software, NIST does not endorse commercial products. JE was supported by EURYI, the EU (Q-Essence) and BMBF (QuOReP). NR 73 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 27 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 095022 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/9/095022 PG 28 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 014SB UT WOS:000309394900001 ER PT J AU Korenblit, S Kafri, D Campbell, WC Islam, R Edwards, EE Gong, ZX Lin, GD Duan, LM Kim, J Kim, K Monroe, C AF Korenblit, S. Kafri, D. Campbell, W. C. Islam, R. Edwards, E. E. Gong, Z-X Lin, G-D Duan, L-M Kim, J. Kim, K. Monroe, C. TI Quantum simulation of spin models on an arbitrary lattice with trapped ions SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC IONS; COMPUTATION; PHYSICS AB A collection of trapped atomic ions represents one of the most attractive platforms for the quantum simulation of interacting spin networks and quantum magnetism. Spin-dependent optical dipole forces applied to an ion crystal create long-range effective spin-spin interactions and allow the simulation of spin Hamiltonians that possess nontrivial phases and dynamics. Here we show how the appropriate design of laser fields can provide for arbitrary multidimensional spin-spin interaction graphs even for the case of a linear spatial array of ions. This scheme uses currently available trap technology and is scalable to levels where the classical methods of simulation are intractable. C1 [Korenblit, S.; Kafri, D.; Campbell, W. C.; Islam, R.; Edwards, E. E.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Korenblit, S.; Kafri, D.; Campbell, W. C.; Islam, R.; Edwards, E. E.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gong, Z-X; Lin, G-D; Duan, L-M] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gong, Z-X; Lin, G-D; Duan, L-M] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kim, J.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kim, K.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Quantum Informat, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Korenblit, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM simchak@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016 FU US Army Research Office through DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program; IARPA MQCO Program; NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CBA00300 (2011CBA00302)] FX This work was supported by the US Army Research Office through funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program and the IARPA MQCO Program; the NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program; the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) 2011CBA00300 (2011CBA00302). NR 38 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 27 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 095024 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/9/095024 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 014SB UT WOS:000309394900003 ER PT J AU Lee, V Dennis, RV Schultz, BJ Jaye, C Fischer, DA Banerjee, S AF Lee, Vincent Dennis, Robert V. Schultz, Brian J. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of the Electronic Structure Recovery of Graphene Oxide upon Chemical Defunctionalization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE OXIDE; THERMAL REDUCTION; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; CARBON; FILMS; HYBRIDIZATION; CORRUGATIONS; EVOLUTION; OXYGEN AB A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of different reducing agents in defunctionalizing graphene oxide is performed using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at carbon and oxygen K-edges. The relative intensities of pi* and sigma* resonances in carbon K-edge NEXAFS spectra suggest relatively high extents of recoveries of pi-conjugation upon reduction using vapor-phase phenylhydrazine or hydrazine as well as neat phenylhydrazine. The use of these reducing agents in combination with modest thermal annealing appears to be particularly effective for deepoxidation and decarboxylation of graphene oxide. Polarized carbon K-edge NEXAFS spectroscopy measurements allow evaluation of the extent of warping or planarity induced upon chemical reduction. Treatment with vapor phenylhydrazine and subsequent thermal annealing entirely disrupts the alignment of reduced graphene oxide while facilitating substantial recovery of pi conjugation. In contrast, annealing subsequent to treatment with vapor-phase hydrazine yields high dichroic ratio values that are substantially increased as compared to unreduced graphene oxide, indicating a greater extent of substrate alignment. Restoration of excitonic confinement of the sigma* resonance is seen to be most pronounced for reduction of graphene oxide by NaBH4 and vapor-phase phenylhydrazine after annealing, suggesting relatively large conjugated domains in these materials after chemical reduction. C1 [Lee, Vincent; Dennis, Robert V.; Schultz, Brian J.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0847169]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We gratefully acknowledge Dr. David Prendergast of The Molecular Foundry for helpful discussions. This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation under DMR 0847169. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 27 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 38 BP 20591 EP 20599 DI 10.1021/jp306497f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 011FK UT WOS:000309150200058 ER PT J AU Cousins, DS Laesecke, A AF Cousins, Dylan S. Laesecke, Arno TI Sealed Gravitational Capillary Viscometry of Dimethyl Ether and Two Next-Generation Alternative Refrigerants SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; adjustment; calibration; dimethyl ether; fluoropropenes; measurements; R1234yf, R1234ze(E); refrigerants; sealed gravitational capillary viscometer; viscosity ID SATURATED LIQUID-PHASE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SURFACE-TENSION; VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS; FORCE-FIELD; 353 K; MIXTURES; MODEL; STATE; WATER AB The viscosities of dimethyl ether (DME, C2H6O) and of the fluorinated propene isomers 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf, C3H2F4) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) were measured in a combined temperature range from 242 K to 350 K at saturated liquid conditions. The instrument was a sealed gravitational capillary viscometer developed at NIST for volatile liquids. Calibration and adjustment of the instrument constant were conducted with n-pentane. The repeatability of the measurements was found to be approximately 1.5 %, leading to a temperature-dependent estimated combined standard uncertainty of the experimental data between 5.7 % at 242 K for dimethyl ether and 2.6 % at 340 K for R1234yf. The measurements were supplemented by ab initio calculations of the molecular size, shape, and charge distributions of the measured compounds. The viscosity results for dimethyl ether were compared with literature data. One other data set measured with a sealed capillary viscometer and exceeding the present results by up to 7 % could be reconciled by applying the vapor buoyancy correction. Then, all data agreed within the estimated uncertainty of the present results. Viscosities for the fluorinated propene isomers deviate up to 4 % from values predicted with the NIST extended corresponding-states model. The viscosities of the two isomers do not scale with their dipole moments. While the measured viscosity of R1234ze(E) with the lower dipole moment is close to that of R134a, the refrigerant to be replaced, that of R1234yf with the higher dipole moment is up to 25 % lower. The viscosity of dimethyl ether is compared with those of water and methanol. C1 [Cousins, Dylan S.; Laesecke, Arno] US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cousins, DS (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM arno.laesecke@nist.gov FU NIST Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) FX Dylan Cousins was supported through an undergraduate fellowship in the NIST Professional Research Experience Program (PREP). Drs. Ryan Hulse and Rajiv Singh of Honeywell International provided the high-purity samples of R1234yf and R1234ze(E). We thank our NIST colleagues Stephanie Outcalt for the n-pentane sample and Drs. Tara Lovestead, Bret C. Windom and Tom Bruno for the chemical analyses of all samples. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 231 EP 256 DI 10.6028/jres.117.014 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 018ZC UT WOS:000309705700001 PM 26900526 ER PT J AU Franaszek, M AF Franaszek, Marek TI Variances of Cylinder Parameters Fitted to Range Data SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3D imaging systems; cylinder fitting; directional error function; Nonlinear Least Square fitting; orthogonal error function AB Industrial pipelines are frequently scanned with 3D imaging systems (e. g., LADAR) and cylinders are fitted to the collected data. Then, the fitted as-built model is compared with the as-designed model. Meaningful comparison between the two models requires estimates of uncertainties of fitted model parameters. In this paper, the formulas for variances of cylinder parameters fitted with Nonlinear Least Squares to a point cloud acquired from one scanning position are derived. Two different error functions used in minimization are discussed: the orthogonal and the directional function. Derived formulas explain how some uncertainty components are propagated from measured ranges to fitted cylinder parameters. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marek.franaszek@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.6028/jres.117.015 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 018ZC UT WOS:000309705700002 PM 26900527 ER PT J AU Yuan, TL Remer, LA Bian, HS Ziemke, JR Albrecht, R Pickering, KE Oreopoulos, L Goodman, SJ Yu, HB Allen, DJ AF Yuan, Tianle Remer, Lorraine A. Bian, Huisheng Ziemke, Jerald R. Albrecht, Rachel Pickering, Kenneth E. Oreopoulos, Lazaros Goodman, Steven J. Yu, Hongbin Allen, Dale J. TI Aerosol indirect effect on tropospheric ozone via lightning SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; GLOBAL-MODEL; PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES; ACCURATE SIMULATION; CHEMICAL-MODELS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; WAVE-ONE; NOX AB Tropospheric ozone (O-3) is a pollutant and major greenhouse gas and its radiative forcing is still uncertain. Inadequate understanding of processes related to O-3 production, in particular those natural ones such as lightning, contributes to this uncertainty. Here we demonstrate a new effect of aerosol particles on O-3 production by affecting lightning activity and lightning-generated NOx (LNOx). We find that lightning flash rate increases at a remarkable rate of 30 times or more per unit of aerosol optical depth. We provide observational evidence that indicates the observed increase in lightning activity is caused by the influx of aerosols from a volcano. Satellite data analyses show O-3 is increased as a result of aerosol-induced increase in lightning and LNOx, which is supported by modle simulations with prescribed lightning change. O-3 production increase from this aerosol-lightning-ozone link is concentrated in the upper troposphere, where O-3 is most efficient as a greenhouse gas. In the face of anthropogenic aerosol increase our findings suggest that lightning activity, LNOx and O-3, especially in the upper troposphere, have all increased substantially since preindustrial time due to the proposed aerosol-lightning-ozone link, which implies a stronger O-3 historical radiative forcing. Aerosol forcing therefore has a warming component via its effect on O-3 production and this component has mostly been ignored in previous studies of climate forcing related to O-3 and aerosols. Sensitivity simulations suggest that 4-8% increase of column tropospheric ozone, mainly in the tropics, is expected if aerosol-lighting-ozone link is parameterized, depending on the background emission scenario. We note, however, substantial uncertainties remain on the exact magnitude of aerosol effect on tropospheric O-3 via lightning. The challenges for obtaining a quantitative global estimate of this effect are also discussed. Our results have significant implications for understanding past and projecting future tropospheric O-3 forcing as well as wildfire changes and call for integrated investigations of the coupled aerosol-cloud-chemistry system. C1 [Yuan, Tianle; Oreopoulos, Lazaros; Yu, Hongbin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yuan, Tianle; Remer, Lorraine A.; Bian, Huisheng] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Bian, Huisheng; Ziemke, Jerald R.; Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ziemke, Jerald R.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Albrecht, Rachel] DSA CPTEC, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. [Goodman, Steven J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NOAA NESDIS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Allen, Dale J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yuan, TL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Bldg 33,Room A306, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM tianle.yuan@nasa.gov RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Yuan, Tianle/D-3323-2011; Albrecht, Rachel/D-9311-2012; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010 OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; Albrecht, Rachel/0000-0003-0582-6568; Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669 FU NASA Earth Observing System; TRMM Lightning Imaging Sensor Instrument team; NOAA GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper science team; NASA's IDS program; NASA's Radiation Science program FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions to improve our manuscript. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the various groups including OMI, GOME, SCIAMARCHY from www.temis.nl; Randall Martin's group from http://fizz.phys.dal.ca/similar to atmos/g47.swf; and the University of Bremen group from http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de/doas/index.html. The LIS data set and associated analysis were in part supported by the NASA Earth Observing System, the TRMM Lightning Imaging Sensor Instrument team, and the NOAA GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper science team. The LIS data are available from the NASA EOSDIS Global Hydrology Resource Center DAAC, Huntsville, Alabama, USA, http://thunder.nsstc.nasa.gov. We would also acknowledge funding support for this work by NASA's IDS and Radiation Science programs. NR 90 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D18213 DI 10.1029/2012JD017723 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015AR UT WOS:000309417700001 ER PT J AU Kazakov, A McLinden, MO Frenkel, M AF Kazakov, Andrei McLinden, Mark O. Frenkel, Michael TI Computational Design of New Refrigerant Fluids Based on Environmental, Safety, and Thermodynamic Characteristics SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; LEVEL-CORRELATED CALCULATIONS; GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; REACTION-RATE CONSTANTS; RADICAL RATE CONSTANTS; POLARIZED BASIS-SETS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GREENHOUSE GASES; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS AB We present a systematic search for new classes of refrigerants that would possess low values of global warming potential (GWP), along with low- to moderate flammability and suitable thermodynamic characteristics. We have developed new methods for estimating, solely from the molecular structure, the radiative efficiency (RE, a measure of radiative climate forcing) and atmospheric lifetime; the combination of RE and lifetime yields an estimate of the GWP. We also developed an estimate of the lower flammability limit (LFL) based on the enthalpy of formation. These estimation techniques, along with a previously developed technique for estimating critical temperature (T-c), are applied to a library of over 56 000 candidate molecules. We select fluids with GWP < 200; 300 K < T-c < 550 K; and LFL > 0.1 kg.m(-3). Filters for toxicity and chemical stability based on functional groups are also applied to arrive at 1234 candidates for further study. The candidates that would be suitable for use in present types of refrigeration equipment (those having critical temperatures less than 400 K) are dominated by halogenated alkenes; additional chemical classes, including halogenated ethers and cyclic compounds, are identified among fluids with higher critical temperatures. C1 [Kazakov, Andrei; McLinden, Mark O.; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kazakov, A (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrei.kazakov@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE0002057] FX The authors thank Dr. L. S. Rothman of Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Dr. S. W. Sharpe of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for providing access to HITRAN2008 and Northwest Infrared Library, respectively. Helpful discussions with Dr. V. Diky and Dr. J. A. Widegren of NIST are also greatly appreciated. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under Grant No. DE-EE0002057. NR 75 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 38 BP 12537 EP 12548 DI 10.1021/ie3016126 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 010NC UT WOS:000309100100043 ER PT J AU Blachowski, A Ruebenbauer, K Zajdel, P Rodriguez, EE Green, MA AF Blachowski, A. Ruebenbauer, K. Zajdel, P. Rodriguez, E. E. Green, M. A. TI Mossbauer study of the '11' iron-based superconductors parent compound Fe1+xTe SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID FESE AB Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy was applied to investigate the superconductor parent compound Fe1+xTe for x = 0.06, 0.10, 0.14, 0.18 within the temperature range 4.2-300 K. A spin density wave (SDW) within the iron atoms occupying regular tetrahedral sites was observed, with the square root of the mean square amplitude at 4.2 K varying between 9.7 and 15.7 T with increasing x. Three additional magnetic spectral components appeared due to the interstitial iron distributed over available sites between the Fe-Te layers. The excess iron showed hyperfine fields at approximately 16, 21 and 49 T for three respective components at 4.2 K. The component with a large field of 49 T indicated the presence of isolated iron atoms with large localized magnetic moments in interstitial positions. Magnetic ordering of the interstitial iron disappeared in accordance with the fallout of the SDW with increasing temperature. C1 [Blachowski, A.; Ruebenbauer, K.] Pedag Univ, Mossbauer Spect Lab, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Zajdel, P.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Div Phys Crystals, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Rodriguez, E. E.; Green, M. A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Blachowski, A (reprint author), Pedag Univ, Mossbauer Spect Lab, Ulica Podchorazych 2, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. EM sfrueben@cyf-kr.edu.pl RI Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; Rodriguez, Efrain/N-1928-2013 OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866; Rodriguez, Efrain/0000-0001-6044-1543 FU National Science Centre of Poland [2011/03/B/ST3/00446] FX The National Science Centre of Poland is thanked for partial financing of this project under Grant No. 2011/03/B/ST3/00446. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 38 AR 386006 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/38/386006 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 007AN UT WOS:000308861200024 PM 22945309 ER PT J AU Walish, JJ Fan, Y Centrone, A Thomas, EL AF Walish, Joseph J. Fan, Yin Centrone, Andrea Thomas, Edwin L. TI Controlling Thermochromism in a Photonic Block Copolymer Gel SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; photonic crystals; stimuli-sensitive polymers; temperature-dependent solubility; thermochromic materials ID TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEL; BANDGAP; FILMS AB The tunable properties of stimulus-responsive materials attract great interest in a variety of technological applications. Photonic gels are a new class of these materials, which can be tuned to reflect different wavelengths of light. Controlling this reflected color via temperature-induced changes of self-assembled photonic materials is important for their application in sensors and displays. In this work, the thermochromic behavior of a PSP2VP photonic gel was found to originate from a temperature-induced change in the pKa of the P2VP blocks. Control was obtained through the manipulation of the solution pH. The findings of this work provide the basis for understanding and controlling the properties of thermochromic block copolymers fostering their use in technologically relevant applications. C1 [Walish, Joseph J.; Thomas, Edwin L.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fan, Yin] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Centrone, Andrea] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Centrone, Andrea] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, Edwin L.] Rice Univ, Brown Sch Engn, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Thomas, EL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM elt@rice.edu RI Centrone, Andrea/H-5541-2013 FU Division of Materials Research Polymer Program NSF [DMR-0308133]; AFOSR [AOARD 114095] FX Authors would like to thank Xavier Gonzalez for his help in running preliminary experiments, and the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology (ISN) at MIT for use of equipment. The materials and methods used in this paper require the identification of some commercial products and their suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be constructed as indicating that such products or suppliers are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that are necessarily the best products for the purpose described. This work was supported by a Division of Materials Research Polymer Program NSF grant DMR-0308133 and AFOSR grant AOARD 114095. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 92 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD SEP 26 PY 2012 VL 33 IS 18 BP 1504 EP 1509 DI 10.1002/marc.201200355 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 004YA UT WOS:000308716200002 PM 22763921 ER PT J AU Bendersky, LA Mompiou, F AF Bendersky, L. A. Mompiou, F. TI Formation of Al-Fe-Si glass that grows from the melt through a first-order transition SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Metallic glass; Al-Fe-Si; TEM; Rapid solidification ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ALLOYS; PHASE AB Microstructures of rapidly solidified Al-Fe-Si alloys demonstrate possible formation of a glassy phase, which we term q-glass, that is not a kinetically frozen liquid. Microstructural observations point out that the phase grows from the melt by a first order phase transition in the manner of a crystal, but scatters as a metallic glass. In this paper, by studying a large number of Al-Fe-Si alloys (8-22 at% Fe and 5-20 at% Si), we confirmed this observation and identified domains of formation of the q-glass as a primary phase, as well as a 1/1 alpha-cubic approximant and an icosahedral phase. Our attempts to grow such a glass in different metallic systems by substituting Fe with Ni and Co have not succeeded. We discuss several reasons why the Al-Fe-Si system might be unique. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bendersky, L. A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mompiou, F.] CNRS, Ctr Elaborat Mat & Etud Struct, F-31055 Toulouse, France. RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leoben@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 536 SU 1 BP S171 EP S174 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.01.056 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 033YO UT WOS:000310837500038 ER PT J AU Popescu, A Woods, LM AF Popescu, Adrian Woods, Lilia M. TI Valleytronics, Carrier Filtering and Thermoelectricity in Bismuth: Magnetic Field Polarization Effects SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE vally polarization; bismuth; thermoelectric transport ID LATTICE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL; ELECTRONS; GRAPHENE; BI AB Valley polarization of multi-valleyed materials is of significant interest for potential applications in electronic devices. The main challenge is removing the valley degeneracy in some controllable way. The unique properties of bismuth, including its anisotropic electronic structure and Dirac valley degeneracy, make this material an excellent system for valleytronics. It is demonstrated theoretically that the direction of an externally applied magnetic field in the binary-bisectrix plane has a profound effect not only on the charge, but also on the thermal transport along the trigonal direction. The rotating field probes the electronic mass anisotropy and tunes the contribution from a particular Dirac valley in the electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity at moderate temperatures and field strengths. It is further shown that the field polarization of the transport properties is accompanied by selective filtering of the carriers type providing further opportunities for thermoelectric transport control. C1 [Popescu, Adrian] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Popescu, Adrian] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Woods, Lilia M.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Popescu, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lmwoods@usf.edu RI Popescu, Adrian/E-7305-2010 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0932526] FX A. Popescu acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. L. M. Woods acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation under contract CBET-0932526. Communications with Dr. K. Behnia are also acknowledged. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 65 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 18 BP 3945 EP 3949 DI 10.1002/adfm.201200818 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 007IX UT WOS:000308883100024 ER PT J AU Pavelsky, TM Sobolowski, S Kapnick, SB Barnes, JB AF Pavelsky, Tamlin M. Sobolowski, Stefan Kapnick, Sarah B. Barnes, Jason B. TI Changes in orographic precipitation patterns caused by a shift from snow to rain SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS; PHASE AB Climate warming will likely cause a shift from snow to rain in midlatitude mountains. Because rain falls faster than snow, it is not advected as far by prevailing winds before reaching the ground. A shift in precipitation phase thus may alter precipitation patterns. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model at 27-9-3 km resolutions over the California Sierra Nevada, we conducted an idealized experiment consisting of a present climate control run and two additional simulations in which (a) fall speed for snow is similar to rain and (b) all precipitation is constrained to fall as liquid. Rather than simulating future climates directly, these perturbation experiments allow us to test the potential impacts of changing precipitation phase in isolation from other factors such as variable large-scale atmospheric circulation. Relative to the control, both perturbations result in a rain shadow deepened by similar to 30-60%, with increased focusing of precipitation on the western Sierra Nevada slopes best resolved at <= 9 km resolutions. Our results suggest that altered precipitation phase associated with climate change will likely affect spatial distributions of water resources, floods, and landslides in the Sierra Nevada and similar midlatitude mountain ranges. Citation: Pavelsky, T. M., S. Sobolowski, S. B. Kapnick, and J. B. Barnes (2012), Changes in orographic precipitation patterns caused by a shift from snow to rain, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18706, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052741. C1 [Pavelsky, Tamlin M.; Barnes, Jason B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sobolowski, Stefan] Uni Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Kapnick, Sarah B.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kapnick, Sarah B.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Pavelsky, TM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pavelsky@unc.edu RI Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014; Barnes, Jason/I-1795-2012 OI Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070; Barnes, Jason/0000-0001-9928-1428 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L18706 DI 10.1029/2012GL052741 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 014ZN UT WOS:000309414600001 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Overland, JE AF Wang, Muyin Overland, James E. TI A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years: An update from CMIP5 models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROJECTIONS; SCENARIOS; OCEAN; COVER AB Three years ago we proposed that the summer Arctic would be nearly sea ice free by the 2030s; "nearly" is interpreted as sea ice extent less than 1.0 million km(2). We consider this estimate to be still valid based on projections of updated climate models (CMIP5) and observational data. Similar to previous models (CMIP3), CMIP5 still shows a wide spread in hindcast and projected sea ice loss among different models. Further, there is no consensus in the scientific literature for the cause of such a spread in results for CMIP3 and CMIP5. While CMIP5 model mean sea ice extents are closer to observations than CMIP3, the rates of sea ice reduction in most model runs are slow relative to recent observations. All CMIP5 models do show loss of sea ice due to increased anthropogenic forcing relative to pre-industrial control runs. Applying the same technique of model selection and extrapolation approach to CMIP5 as we used in our previous paper, the interval range for a nearly sea ice free Arctic is 14 to 36 years, with a median value of 28 years. Relative to a 2007 baseline, this suggests a nearly sea ice free Arctic in the 2030s. Citation: Wang, M., and J. E. Overland (2012), A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years: An update from CMIP5 models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18501, doi:10.1029/2012GL052868. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.j.overland@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 FU NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We appreciate the work of PCMDI and the various modeling centers for CMIP5. The work is supported by NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 2060. PMEL contribution 3869. We appreciate discussions with Walt Meier on using sea ice data before 1979 and with other colleagues in this broader issue. NR 21 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 8 U2 113 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L18501 DI 10.1029/2012GL052868 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 014ZN UT WOS:000309414600002 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, SE Schmidt, KS Pilewskie, P Redemann, J Hostetler, C Ferrare, R Hair, J Langridge, JM Lack, DA AF LeBlanc, Samuel E. Schmidt, K. S. Pilewskie, P. Redemann, J. Hostetler, C. Ferrare, R. Hair, J. Langridge, J. M. Lack, D. A. TI Spectral aerosol direct radiative forcing from airborne radiative measurements during CalNex and ARCTAS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT; INDIAN-OCEAN; DEPTH; SPECTROSCOPY; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; DEPENDENCE AB This study presents the aerosol radiative forcing derived from airborne measurements of shortwave spectral irradiance during the 2010 Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex). Relative forcing efficiency, the radiative forcing normalized by aerosol optical thickness and incident irradiance, is a means of comparing the aerosol radiative forcing for different conditions. In this study, it is used to put the aerosol radiative effects of an air mass in the Los Angeles basin in context with case studies from three field missions that targeted other regions and aerosol types, including a case study from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS). For CalNex, we relied on irradiance measurements onboard the NOAA P-3 aircraft during a flight on 19 May 2010 over a ground station. CalNex presented a difficulty for determining forcing efficiency since one of the input parameters, optical thickness, was not available from the same aircraft. However, extinction profiles were available from a nearby aircraft. An existing retrieval algorithm was modified to use those measurements as initial estimate for the missing optical thickness. In addition, single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter (secondary products of the method), were compared with CalNex in situ measurements. The CalNex relative forcing efficiency spectra agreed with earlier studies that found this parameter to be constrained at each wavelength within 20% per unit of aerosol optical thickness at 500 nm regardless of aerosol type and experiment, except for highly absorbing aerosols sampled near Mexico City. The diurnally averaged below-layer forcing efficiency integrated over the wavelength range of 350-700 nm for CalNex is estimated to be -58.6 +/- 13.8 W/m(2), whereas for the ARCTAS case it is -48.7 +/- 11.5 W/m(2). C1 [LeBlanc, Samuel E.; Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [LeBlanc, Samuel E.; Schmidt, K. S.; Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Hostetler, C.; Ferrare, R.; Hair, J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Langridge, J. M.; Lack, D. A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Langridge, J. M.; Lack, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP LeBlanc, SE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 311 UCB,Rm 255,Gate 7, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM samuel.leblanc@colorado.edu RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; LeBlanc, Samuel/F-1150-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; LeBlanc, Samuel/0000-0003-0173-3890; FU NOAA CalNex [NA06OAR4310085]; NASA ARCTAS [NNX08AF93G]; NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate Radiation Sciences Program; NASA CALIPSO project; Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-AI02-05ER63985] FX This work was supported through NOAA CalNex (grant NA06OAR4310085) and NASA ARCTAS (grant NNX08AF93G). The authors would like to recognize the efforts from Warren Gore and Antony Trias from NASA Ames for their continued and reliable support of the SSFR during these deployments. We thank the NASA Langley B200 King Air and NOAA WP-3D flight crews for their outstanding work in support of these measurements. Support for the HSRL measurements came from the NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate Radiation Sciences Program, the NASA CALIPSO project, and the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program, under grant DE-AI02-05ER63985. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V20 DI 10.1029/2012JD018106 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015AJ UT WOS:000309416800006 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Mills, SP Elvidge, CD Lindsey, DT Lee, TF Hawkins, JD AF Miller, Steven D. Mills, Stephen P. Elvidge, Christopher D. Lindsey, Daniel T. Lee, Thomas F. Hawkins, Jeffrey D. TI Suomi satellite brings to light a unique frontier of nighttime environmental sensing capabilities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE airglow/nightglow; nocturnal remote sensing ID GRAVITY-WAVES; AIRGLOW; SYSTEM; THUNDERSTORM; SPECTRUM; SPACE AB Most environmental satellite radiometers use solar reflectance information when it is available during the day but must resort at night to emission signals from infrared bands, which offer poor sensitivity to low-level clouds and surface features. A few sensors can take advantage of moonlight, but the inconsistent availability of the lunar source limits measurement utility. Here we show that the Day/Night Band (DNB) low-light visible sensor on the recently launched Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite has the unique ability to image cloud and surface features by way of reflected airglow, starlight, and zodiacal light illumination. Examples collected during new moon reveal not only meteorological and surface features, but also the direct emission of airglow structures in the mesosphere, including expansive regions of diffuse glow and wave patterns forced by tropospheric convection. The ability to leverage diffuse illumination sources for nocturnal environmental sensing applications extends the advantages of visible-light information to moonless nights. C1 [Miller, Steven D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mills, Stephen P.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lee, Thomas F.; Hawkins, Jeffrey D.] USN, Satellite Meteorol Applicat Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM steven.miller@colostate.edu RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-10-C-2003]; Oceanographer of the Navy through the Program Executive Office [C4l/PMW-120, PE-0603207N]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Joint Polar Satellite System Cal/Val and Algorithm Program FX We thank Kohji Tsumura (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Christoph Leinert (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy), and Joachim Koppen (University of Strasbourg) for insight on nighttime light sources; Jody Russell [Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-Johnson Space Center) and Dr. Donald Pettit [NASA, International Space Station (ISS) Astronaut] for assistance with ISS photography; and Jeffrey Cox (Aerospace, Offutt Air Force Base) for assistance with Defense Meteorological Satellite Program datasets. We acknowledge the support of the Naval Research Laboratory through contract N00173-10-C-2003, the Oceanographer of the Navy through the Program Executive Office C4l/PMW-120 under program element PE-0603207N, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Joint Polar Satellite System Cal/Val and Algorithm Program. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA and/or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 41 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 39 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 39 BP 15706 EP 15711 DI 10.1073/pnas.1207034109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 017QD UT WOS:000309604500042 PM 22984179 ER PT J AU Muller, C Shnirman, A Weides, M AF Mueller, Clemens Shnirman, Alexander Weides, Martin TI T-1-echo sequence: Protecting the state of a qubit in the presence of coherent interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING FLUX QUBIT; QUANTUM MEMORY; RELAXATION; SPIN AB We propose a sequence of pulses intended to preserve the state of a qubit in the presence of strong, coherent coupling to another quantum system. The sequence can be understood as a generalized SWAP sequence and works in formal analogy to the well-known spin echo. Since the resulting effective decoherence rate of the qubit state is strongly influenced by the additional system, this sequence might serve to protect its quantum state as well as negating the effects of the coherent coupling. A possible area of application is in large-scale quantum computing architectures, where spectral crowding of the resources might necessitate a method to mitigate residual couplings. C1 [Mueller, Clemens] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Mueller, Clemens; Shnirman, Alexander] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Theorie Kondensierten Materie, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Shnirman, Alexander] DFG Ctr Funct Nanostruct CFN, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Weides, Martin] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weides, Martin] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Muller, C (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RI Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009; OI Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795; Muller, Clemens/0000-0001-8015-3143 FU CFN of DFG; NSERC FX We gratefully acknowledge discussion with D. Pappas. M. Sandberg, and M. Vissers and want to thank A. Blais, G. Grabovskij, and J. Lisenfeld for their comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge financial support by CFN of DFG as well as NSERC. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 AR 032335 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.032335 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 010NX UT WOS:000309102300004 ER PT J AU Vogl, U Glasser, RT Lett, PD AF Vogl, Ulrich Glasser, Ryan T. Lett, Paul D. TI Advanced detection of information in optical pulses with negative group velocity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISPERSING MEDIA; LIGHT-PULSE; PROPAGATION; CAUSALITY; SPEED; NOISE AB In this Rapid Communication, we experimentally demonstrate that the signal velocity, defined as the earliest time when a signal is detected above the realistic noise floor, may be altered by a region of anomalous dispersion. We encode information in the spatial degree of freedom of an optical pulse so that the imprinted information is not limited by the frequency bandwidth of the region of anomalous dispersion. We then show that the combination of superluminal pulse propagation and realistic detectors with nonideal quantum efficiency leads to a speed-up of the earliest experimentally obtainable arrival time of the transmitted signal even with the overall pulse experiencing unity gain. This speed-up is reliant upon nonideal detectors and losses, as perfect detection efficiency would result in the speed of information being equal to the speed of light in vacuum, regardless of the group velocity of the optical pulses. C1 [Vogl, Ulrich] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogl, U (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ulrich.vogl@nist.gov RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council Research Associateship Award program at NIST FX We thank W. D. Phillips for discussions. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. U. V. would like to thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. R. G. would like to thank the National Research Council Research Associateship Award program at NIST for financial support. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 AR 031806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.031806 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 010NX UT WOS:000309102300001 ER PT J AU Li, XY Qian, XS Gu, HM Chen, XZ Lu, SG Lin, MR Bateman, F Zhang, QM AF Li, Xinyu Qian, Xiao-Shi Gu, Haiming Chen, Xiangzhong Lu, S. G. Lin, Minren Bateman, Fred Zhang, Q. M. TI Giant electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers near a first-order ferroelectric transition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMECHANICAL RESPONSE; BEHAVIOR AB We present directly measured electrocaloric effect (ECE) from the poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) 65/35 mol. % copolymer. The data reveal a large difference in the ECE between that measured in applying and in removing the electric field. The difference is significantly reduced by modifying the copolymer with 20 Mrad of high energy electron irradiation. Moreover, an isothermal entropy change Delta S-int = 160 J kg(-1) K-1 and an adiabatic temperature change Delta T-int = 35 degrees C can be induced in the irradiated copolymer. These results demonstrate the promise of achieving a significant ECE in ferroelectric polymers near first-order ferroelectric-paraelectric transition where multiple intermediate phases can exist. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4756697] C1 [Li, Xinyu; Qian, Xiao-Shi; Gu, Haiming; Chen, Xiangzhong; Lu, S. G.; Lin, Minren; Zhang, Q. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Li, Xinyu; Qian, Xiao-Shi; Gu, Haiming; Chen, Xiangzhong; Lu, S. G.; Lin, Minren; Zhang, Q. M.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bateman, Fred] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, QM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM qxz1@psu.edu RI Chen, Xiangzhong/F-8793-2010; Qian, Xiao-Shi/J-3458-2013; Gu, Haiming/I-4089-2013 OI Chen, Xiangzhong/0000-0002-2294-7487; Qian, Xiao-Shi/0000-0003-3487-7567; Gu, Haiming/0000-0002-0203-2327 FU US DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER46410]; Army Research Office [W911NF-11-1-0534]; Nanjing University, China FX This research was supported in part (X. Li, X. Qian, and S. G. Lu) by the US DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46410 and in part by Army Research Office (X. Chen, M. Lin, and Q. M. Zhang) under Grant No. W911NF-11-1-0534. X. Chen was also supported in part by Nanjing University, China. We thank Z.-K. Liu for discussions. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 10 U2 89 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 13 AR 132903 DI 10.1063/1.4756697 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 015DX UT WOS:000309426800061 ER PT J AU Sawyer, D Parry, B Phillips, S Blackburn, C Muralikrishnan, B AF Sawyer, Daniel Parry, Brian Phillips, Steven Blackburn, Chris Muralikrishnan, Bala TI A Model for Geometry-Dependent Errors in Length Artifacts SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASME B89.1.12; ball bars; Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM); design of length artifacts; dimensional artifacts; ISO 10360; high accuracy length standards; performance evaluation of (CMM); Step Gauges AB We present a detailed model of dimensional changes in long length artifacts, such as step gauges and ball bars, due to bending under gravity. The comprehensive model is based on evaluation of the gauge points relative to the neutral bending surface. It yields the errors observed when the gauge points are located off the neutral bending surface of a bar or rod but also reveals the significant error associated with out-of-straightness of a bar or rod even if the gauge points are located in the neutral bending surface. For example, one experimental result shows a length change of greater than 1.5 mu m on a 1 m ball bar with an out-of-straightness of 0.4 mm. This and other results are in agreement with the model presented in this paper. C1 [Sawyer, Daniel; Phillips, Steven; Blackburn, Chris] US Dept Commerce, Dimens Metrol Grp, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Parry, Brian] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. [Muralikrishnan, Bala] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sawyer, D (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Dimens Metrol Grp, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.sawyer@nist.gov; steven.phillips@nist.gov; christopher.blackburn@nist.gov; bala.muralikrishnan@nist.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 24 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 216 EP 230 DI 10.6028/jres.117.013 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 018ZG UT WOS:000309706100001 PM 26900525 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, T Feingold, G AF Yamaguchi, Takanobu Feingold, Graham TI Technical note: Large-eddy simulation of cloudy boundary layer with the Advanced Research WRF model SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CELLULAR STRUCTURES; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; OPEN CELLS; DYNAMICS; MICROPHYSICS; SCHEMES; DRIZZLE AB A thorough evaluation of the large-eddy simulation (LES) mode of the Advanced Research WRF model is performed with use of three cloudy boundary layer cases developed as LES intercomparison cases by the GEWEX Cloud System Study. Our evaluation reveals two problems that must be recognized and carefully addressed before proceeding with production runs. These are (i) sensitivity of results to the prescribed number of acoustic time steps per physical time step; and (ii) the assumption of saturation adjustment in the initial cloudy state. A temporary, but effective method of how to cope with these issues is suggested. With the proper treatment, the simulation results are comparable to the ensemble mean of the other LES models, and sometimes closer to the observational estimate than the ensemble mean. In order to ease the burden for configuration and post-processing, two new packages are developed and implemented. A detailed description of each package is presented. These packages are freely available to the public. C1 [Yamaguchi, Takanobu; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yamaguchi, Takanobu] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yamaguchi, T (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tak.yamaguchi@noaa.gov RI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 OI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; FU NOAA Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects FX The authors thank Marat Khairoutdinov for allowing them to use the SAM's program codes for the development of the two packages discussed in the text. The authors thank Bill Skamarock for insightful discussions on the acoustic time stepping, and Jan Kazil, Seoung-Soo Lee, and Hailong Wang for technical discussions. This study is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects (PI V. Larson). NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD SEP 22 PY 2012 VL 4 AR M09003 DI 10.1029/2012MS000164 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 011BR UT WOS:000309138900001 ER PT J AU Gates, RS Pratt, JR AF Gates, Richard S. Pratt, Jon R. TI Accurate and precise calibration of AFM cantilever spring constants using laser Doppler vibrometry SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; FRICTION; PROBES; SCALE AB Accurate cantilever spring constants are important in atomic force microscopy both in control of sensitive imaging and to provide correct nanomechanical property measurements. Conventional atomic force microscope (AFM) spring constant calibration techniques are usually performed in an AFM. They rely on significant handling and often require touching the cantilever probe tip to a surface to calibrate the optical lever sensitivity of the configuration. This can damage the tip. The thermal calibration technique developed for laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) can be used to calibrate cantilevers without handling or touching the tip to a surface. Both flexural and torsional spring constants can be measured. Using both Euler-Bernoulli modeling and an SI traceable electrostatic force balance technique as a comparison we demonstrate that the LDV thermal technique is capable of providing rapid calibrations with a combination of ease, accuracy and precision beyond anything previously available. C1 [Gates, Richard S.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gates, RS (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.gates@nist.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP 21 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 37 AR 375702 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/37/375702 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 006HT UT WOS:000308810800014 PM 22922668 ER PT J AU Chen, M Weng, FZ AF Chen, Ming Weng, Fuzhong TI Kramers-Kronig analysis of leaf refractive index with the PROSPECT leaf optical property model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONSTANTS; SPECTRA; LIGHT AB Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations are the inherent cross-constraints on the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index of dielectric materials. These relations are utilized in this study for estimating leaf refractive index from leaf absorption spectra. A mixing model is developed for calculating the leaf refractive index with respect to the variation of leaf mass compositions and absorptive properties. The model is based on the variational function fitting method of Kramers-Kronig analysis. The validity of the model is analyzed with pure liquid water measurements and well-established leaf optical measurements. It is found that the model has a very good performance in modeling the spectral details of leaf refractive index and provides an efficient physical framework for improving and extending the leaf-level optical property model. C1 [Chen, Ming] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, IMSG, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ming.chen@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) FX This work was jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology project 2010CB951600 and the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to refine this paper. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 21 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D18106 DI 10.1029/2012JD017477 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 011BU UT WOS:000309139200002 ER PT J AU Huff, DD Lindley, ST Wells, BK Chai, F AF Huff, David D. Lindley, Steven T. Wells, Brian K. Chai, Fei TI Green Sturgeon Distribution in the Pacific Ocean Estimated from Modeled Oceanographic Features and Migration Behavior SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPHIC DYNAMICS; BERING-SEA; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; HOTSPOTS AB The green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), which is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California to the Bering Sea, tends to be highly migratory, moving long distances among estuaries, spawning rivers, and distant coastal regions. Factors that determine the oceanic distribution of green sturgeon are unclear, but broad-scale physical conditions interacting with migration behavior may play an important role. We estimated the distribution of green sturgeon by modeling species-environment relationships using oceanographic and migration behavior covariates with maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) of species geographic distributions. The primary concentration of green sturgeon was estimated from approximately 41-51.5 degrees N latitude in the coastal waters of Washington, Oregon, and Vancouver Island and in the vicinity of San Francisco and Monterey Bays from 36-37 degrees N latitude. Unsuitably cold water temperatures in the far north and energetic efficiencies associated with prevailing water currents may provide the best explanation for the range-wide marine distribution of green sturgeon. Independent trawl records, fisheries observer records, and tagging studies corroborated our findings. However, our model also delineated patchily distributed habitat south of Monterey Bay, though there are few records of green sturgeon from this region. Green sturgeon are likely influenced by countervailing pressures governing their dispersal. They are behaviorally directed to revisit natal freshwater spawning rivers and persistent overwintering grounds in coastal marine habitats, yet they are likely physiologically bounded by abiotic and biotic environmental features. Impacts of human activities on green sturgeon or their habitat in coastal waters, such as bottom-disturbing trawl fisheries, may be minimized through marine spatial planning that makes use of high-quality species distribution information. C1 [Huff, David D.; Lindley, Steven T.; Wells, Brian K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Huff, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chai, Fei] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. RP Huff, DD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM david.huff@noaa.gov RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014 OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program; Species of Concern Program; NASA Grant [NNX09AU39G] FX The authors' research was supported by funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/iea/index.html), a Species of Concern Program (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/concern/grant.htm) grant to S.T.L. and by NASA Grant number NNX09AU39G. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 21 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e45852 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045852 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 014RG UT WOS:000309392800105 PM 23029274 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Tao, CJ Chien, MC Hellner, B Balijepalli, A Robertson, JWF Li, ZM Russo, JJ Reiner, JE Kasianowicz, JJ Ju, JY AF Kumar, Shiv Tao, Chuanjuan Chien, Minchen Hellner, Brittney Balijepalli, Arvind Robertson, Joseph W. F. Li, Zengmin Russo, James J. Reiner, Joseph E. Kasianowicz, John J. Ju, Jingyue TI PEG-Labeled Nucleotides and Nanopore Detection for Single Molecule DNA Sequencing by Synthesis SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; NANOMETER-SCALE PORE; POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; ION-CHANNEL; DISCRIMINATION; TRANSLOCATION; RESOLUTION; POLYMERS AB We describe a novel single molecule nanopore-based sequencing by synthesis (Nano-SBS) strategy that can accurately distinguish four bases by detecting 4 different sized tags released from 5'-phosphate-modified nucleotides. The basic principle is as follows. As each nucleotide is incorporated into the growing DNA strand during the polymerase reaction, its tag is released and enters a nanopore in release order. This produces a unique ionic current blockade signature due to the tag's distinct chemical structure, thereby determining DNA sequence electronically at single molecule level with single base resolution. As proof of principle, we attached four different length PEG-coumarin tags to the terminal phosphate of 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-tetraphosphate. We demonstrate efficient, accurate incorporation of the nucleotide analogs during the polymerase reaction, and excellent discrimination among the four tags based on nanopore ionic currents. This approach coupled with polymerase attached to the nanopores in an array format should yield a single-molecule electronic Nano-SBS platform. C1 [Kumar, Shiv; Tao, Chuanjuan; Chien, Minchen; Hellner, Brittney; Li, Zengmin; Russo, James J.; Ju, Jingyue] Columbia Univ, Ctr Genome Technol & Biomol Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kumar, Shiv; Tao, Chuanjuan; Chien, Minchen; Hellner, Brittney; Li, Zengmin; Russo, James J.; Ju, Jingyue] Columbia Univ, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, CMOS Reliabil & Adv Devices Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Kumar, Shiv; Tao, Chuanjuan; Chien, Minchen; Hellner, Brittney; Li, Zengmin; Russo, James J.; Ju, Jingyue] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Ju, JY (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Genome Technol & Biomol Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ju@c2b2.columbia.edu RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 FU NIH [R01HG005109]; NRC/NIST-NIH Research Fellowship; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX We are grateful for the support of NIH grant R01HG005109 (JJ) and in part by an NRC/NIST-NIH Research Fellowship (AB) and a grant from the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (JJK, JWFR, JER). Names and parts for certain equipment are mentioned in the manuscript. This in no way represents an endorsement by NIST. NR 44 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 8 U2 70 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 21 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 684 DI 10.1038/srep00684 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 009YN UT WOS:000309061600003 PM 23002425 ER PT J AU Evan, AT Kossin, JP Chung, C Ramanathan, V AF Evan, Amato T. Kossin, James P. Chung, Chul 'Eddy' Ramanathan, V. TI Intensified Arabian Sea tropical storms Reply SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID BLACK CARBON; MONSOON; CLIMATE; AEROSOLS C1 [Evan, Amato T.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Evan, Amato T.; Ramanathan, V.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chung, Chul 'Eddy'] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Evan, AT (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM aevan@ucsd.edu RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 20 PY 2012 VL 489 IS 7416 BP E2 EP E3 DI 10.1038/nature11471 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 007AK UT WOS:000308860900002 ER PT J AU Lang, ET Brown-Peterson, NJ Peterson, MS Slack, WT AF Lang, Erik T. Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Peterson, Mark S. Slack, William T. TI Seasonal and Tidally Driven Reproductive Patterns in the Saltmarsh Topminnow, Fundulus jenkinsi SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SEMILUNAR SPAWNING CYCLES; GULF KILLIFISH; LIFE-HISTORY; SPOTFIN KILLIFISH; HETEROCLITUS; GRANDIS; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; FISHES; CYPRINODONTIDAE AB Fundulus jenkinsi is recognized federally and within a number of northern Gulf of Mexico states as a Species of Concern. Little is known about its life history, but a detailed reproductive histology study of F. jenkinsi can provide the foundation needed to quantify reproductive parameters in this rare species in need of conservation. Monthly gonadosomatic index (GSI) of male and female F. jenkinsi indicated a spawning season from April through August. However, ovarian histological analysis suggested March through August was a more accurate spawning season. The multiple oocyte stages within F. jenkinsi in the spawning capable reproductive phase indicates batch spawning, similar to other members of its family. Many estuarine members of the family Fundulidae exhibit a semilunar spawning pattern, yet the oocyte composition of ovaries of F. jenkinsi suggested spawns occur multiple days around the time of spring tides both within a population and on the individual level. Spawning did not occur on neap tides, and no late secondary growth vitellogenic oocytes (SGI) were found in the majority of females captured during neap tide. The lack of SGI oocytes in females during the spawning season suggests the necessity for establishing a new sub-phase within the spawning capable phase, termed the redeveloping sub-phase. This new sub-phase is applicable to other batch spawning species with group synchronous oocyte development. This work contributes to a better understanding of the importance of intertidal saltmarsh habitat to F. jenkinsi, as spawning intensity appears to increase with tidal height and marsh inundation. C1 [Lang, Erik T.; Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.; Peterson, Mark S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS USA. [Slack, William T.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn EE A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lang, ET (reprint author), NOAA, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM erik.lang@noaa.gov; nancy.brown-peterson@usm.edu; mark.peterson@usm.edu; todd.slack@usace.army.mil FU USFWS; Mississippi Museum of Natural Science under the Mississippi Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Parks FX We thank the USFWS in conjunction with the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science under the Mississippi Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Parks for funding this project. We also thank J. Lopez, P. Grammer, M. Lowe, J. Havrylkoff, and M. Andres for field assistance, and G. Grammer for images in Fig. 1. This research was conducted with a blanket sampling permit to the USM-Gulf Coast Research Laboratory and was approved and performed under the USM IACUC protocol #10040802. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 20 PY 2012 IS 3 BP 451 EP 459 DI 10.1643/CP-10-187 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 014MD UT WOS:000309379000011 ER PT J AU Duplain, RR Chapleau, F Munroe, TA AF Duplain, Rene R. Chapleau, Francois Munroe, Thomas A. TI A New Species of Trinectes (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae) from the Upper Rio San Juan and Rio Condoto, Colombia SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB A new species of American sole, captured in freshwater tributaries of the Rio San Juan and Rio Condoto, near Andagoya, Colombia, is described from four specimens collected by H. G. F. Spurrell around 1913. These fish were deposited in the fish collection of the British Museum (Natural History) and originally identified as So lea panamensis Steindachner, 1876. In the 1960s, Carl L. Hubbs and John A. Bollinger re-examined the specimens and determined that they represented an undescribed species, as indicated by labels placed in jars containing these specimens and through correspondence with staff at the British Museum. However, no formal description of this nominal species was published and its taxonomic status remained unclear. Our re-examination of these specimens and comparisons with all other described species of Trinectes support the conclusions of Hubbs and Bollinger that they are not So lea panamensis, now considered a junior subjective synonym of Trinectes fonsecensis (Gunther, 1862), and that they represent an undescribed species. Formal description of the new species, Trinectes hubbsbollinger, named in recognition of the initial discoverers, is provided herein. Trinectes hubbsbollinger is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of 7-8 lightly pigmented, transverse chromatophore lines on the ocular side of the body, ocular-side lower lip with short fimbriae with few branches, few or no cirri on the scaleless area surrounding the ocular-side anterior naris, and absence of pectoral-fin rays. C1 [Duplain, Rene R.; Chapleau, Francois] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Munroe, Thomas A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Chapleau, F (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM rduplain@gmail.com; chapleau@uottawa.ca; munroet@si.edu FU NSERC FX We thank P. Campbell (BMNH) for providing loan of specimens and x-rays that allowed us to complete this study. We extend our gratitude to curators and staff at the USNM, AMNH, FMNH, ANSP, SIO, CAS, UMMZ, LACM, and MNRJ for providing access to collections and comparative material used in this study. Special thanks to the CMNFI for allowing use of their x-ray facilities and to R. Smith for providing copies of correspondence of Carl L. Hubbs dealing with specimens. S. Raredon provided photographs of the types. H. Vazquez kindly provided the Spanish translation of the abstract. Funding for this research was supported by a discovery grant from NSERC to FC. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 20 PY 2012 IS 3 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1643/CI-11-155 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 014MD UT WOS:000309379000023 ER PT J AU Smolyanitsky, A Killgore, JP AF Smolyanitsky, A. Killgore, J. P. TI Anomalous friction in suspended graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HYDROCARBONS; ADHESION; CONTACT; ENERGY; FILMS AB Since the discovery of the Amonton's law and with support of modern tribological models, friction between surfaces of three-dimensional materials is known to generally increase when the surfaces are in closer contact. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations of friction force microscopy on suspended graphene, we demonstrate an increase of friction when the scanning tip is retracted away from the sample. We explain the observed behavior and address why this phenomenon has not been observed for isotropic 3D materials. C1 [Smolyanitsky, A.; Killgore, J. P.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 20 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 12 AR 125432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.125432 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 011PU UT WOS:000309178100007 ER PT J AU Boyd, PW Strzepek, R Chiswell, S Chang, H DeBruyn, JM Ellwood, M Keenan, S King, AL Maas, EW Nodder, S Sander, SG Sutton, P Twining, BS Wilhelm, SW Hutchins, DA AF Boyd, Philip W. Strzepek, Robert Chiswell, Steve Chang, Hoe DeBruyn, Jennifer M. Ellwood, Michael Keenan, Sean King, Andrew L. Maas, Elisabeth W. Nodder, Scott Sander, Sylvia G. Sutton, Philip Twining, Benjamin S. Wilhelm, Steven W. Hutchins, David A. TI Microbial control of diatom bloom dynamics in the open ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; IRON FERTILIZATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; POPULATIONS; LIMITATION; HYPOTHESIS; DEPTH; SIZE AB Diatom blooms play a central role in supporting food-webs and sequestering biogenic carbon to depth. Oceanic conditions set bloom initiation, whereas both environmental and ecological factors determine bloom magnitude and longevity. Our study reveals another fundamental determinant of bloom dynamics. A diatom spring bloom in offshore New Zealand waters was likely terminated by iron limitation, even though diatoms consumed <1/3 of the mixed-layer dissolved iron inventory. Thus, bloom duration and magnitude were primarily set by competition for dissolved iron between microbes and small phytoplankton versus diatoms. Significantly, such a microbial mode of control probably relies both upon out-competing diatoms for iron (i.e., K-strategy), and having high iron requirements (i.e., r-strategy). Such resource competition for iron has implications for carbon biogeochemistry, as, blooming diatoms fixed three-fold more carbon per unit iron than resident non-blooming microbes. Microbial sequestration of iron has major ramifications for determining the biogeochemical imprint of oceanic diatom blooms. Citation: Boyd, P. W., et al. (2012), Microbial control of diatom bloom dynamics in the open ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18601, doi:10.1029/2012GL053448. C1 [Boyd, Philip W.] Univ Otago, NIWA Ctr Chem & Phys Oceanog, Dept Chem, Dunedin 9012, New Zealand. [Boyd, Philip W.; Chiswell, Steve; Chang, Hoe; Keenan, Sean; Maas, Elisabeth W.; Nodder, Scott; Sutton, Philip] Natl Inst Water & Atmosphere, Wellington, New Zealand. [DeBruyn, Jennifer M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Ellwood, Michael] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Keenan, Sean] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Ocean Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [King, Andrew L.; Hutchins, David A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [King, Andrew L.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT USA. [Twining, Benjamin S.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, E Boothbay, ME USA. [Wilhelm, Steven W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Boyd, PW (reprint author), Univ Otago, NIWA Ctr Chem & Phys Oceanog, Dept Chem, Cumberland St, Dunedin 9012, New Zealand. RI DeBruyn, Jennifer/A-8813-2010; Wilhelm, Steven/B-8963-2008; Hutchins, David/D-3301-2013; Boyd, Philip/J-7624-2014; OI DeBruyn, Jennifer/0000-0002-2993-4144; Wilhelm, Steven/0000-0001-6283-8077; Boyd, Philip/0000-0001-7850-1911; Ellwood, Michael/0000-0003-4288-8530; Twining, Benjamin/0000-0002-1365-9192 FU New Zealand Ministry for Science and Innovation; US National Science Foundation [OCE 0825379/0825405/0825319]; Australian Research Council [DP0770820, DP110100108] FX We thank the officers and crew of RV Tangaroa. We acknowledge expert technical support from NIWA Vessels and from NIWA staff. We are grateful for the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers which helped improve this manuscript. This research was funded by grants from the New Zealand Ministry for Science and Innovation. BST, SWW and DAH were supported by a grant from the US National Science Foundation (OCE 0825379/0825405/0825319). ME was funded by Australian Research Council grants DP0770820 and DP110100108. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 72 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L18601 DI 10.1029/2012GL053448 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 011AT UT WOS:000309136400005 ER PT J AU Kozar, ME Mann, ME Camargo, SJ Kossin, JP Evans, JL AF Kozar, Michael E. Mann, Michael E. Camargo, Suzana J. Kossin, James P. Evans, Jenni L. TI Stratified statistical models of North Atlantic basin-wide and regional tropical cyclone counts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MAJOR HURRICANE ACTIVITY; EL-NINO; PREDICTION MODELS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; TYPHOON TRACKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENSO; OSCILLATION; RAINFALL AB Using the historical Atlantic tropical cyclone record, this study examines the empirical relationships between climate state variables and Atlantic tropical cyclone counts. The state variables considered as predictors include indices of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and Northern Atlantic Oscillation, and both "local" and "relative" measures of Main Development Region sea surface temperature. Other predictors considered include indices measuring the Atlantic Meridional Mode and the West African monsoon. Using all of the potential predictors in a forward stepwise Poisson regression, we examine the relationships between tropical cyclone counts and climate state variables. As a further extension on past studies, both basin-wide named storm counts and cluster analysis time series representing distinct flavors of tropical cyclones, are modeled. A wide variety of cross validation metrics reveal that basin-wide counts or sums over appropriately chosen clusters may be more skillfully modeled than the individual cluster series. Ultimately, the most skillful models typically share three predictors: indices for the main development region sea surface temperatures, the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation. C1 [Kozar, Michael E.; Mann, Michael E.; Evans, Jenni L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Camargo, Suzana J.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kossin, James P.] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Kozar, ME (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, 200 RM Johnson Bldg,2035 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mkozar@coaps.fsu.edu RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Mann, Michael/B-8472-2017 OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Mann, Michael/0000-0003-3067-296X FU NSF grant [ATM-0735973] FX We thank Sonya Miller for her help in obtaining the various SST data sets and for other technical assistance. In addition, we thank Eugene Clothiaux for his helpful comments and suggestions. Thanks are also in order for the three anonymous reviewers who provided thoughtful comments and suggestions that improved the quality of this work. Finally, we acknowledge the support for this study from NSF grant ATM-0735973. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 19 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D18103 DI 10.1029/2011JD017170 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 011BL UT WOS:000309138200001 ER PT J AU Glancy, S Knill, E Girard, M AF Glancy, S. Knill, E. Girard, M. TI Gradient-based stopping rules for maximum-likelihood quantum-state tomography SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB When performing maximum-likelihood quantum-state tomography, one must find the quantum state that maximizes the likelihood of the state given observed measurements on identically prepared systems. The optimization is usually performed with iterative algorithms. This paper provides a gradient-based upper bound on the ratio of the true maximum likelihood and the likelihood of the state of the current iteration, regardless of the particular algorithm used. This bound is useful for formulating stopping rules for halting iterations of maximization algorithms. We discuss such stopping rules in the context of determining confidence regions from log-likelihood differences when the differences are approximately chi-squared distributed. C1 [Glancy, S.; Knill, E.; Girard, M.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Glancy, S (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM sglancy@nist.gov FU NSF; NIST FX We thank Robin Blume-Kohout, Kevin Coakley, Mike Mullan and Yanbao Zhang for helpful discussion. We are grateful to NSF and NIST for the award of a SURF fellowship to MG. Portions of this article are official contributions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and are not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 18 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 095017 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/9/095017 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007AT UT WOS:000308861900002 ER PT J AU Manoj, C Maus, S AF Manoj, C. Maus, S. TI A real-time forecast service for the ionospheric equatorial zonal electric field SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL PLASMA DRIFTS; SPREAD-F; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SATELLITE; INTERPLANETARY; PENETRATION; VELOCITIES; RADAR; MODEL AB The zonal electric field is the primary driver of two important features of the equatorial ionosphere: (1) The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA), and (2) plasma density irregularities, also known as spread-F. During propagation through the ionosphere, communication and navigation radio signals are attenuated, delayed and scattered by these ionospheric features. Prediction of the zonal electric field is therefore a key to the real-time specification of the ionosphere. We divide the zonal electric field into a climatological contribution plus the prompt-penetration contribution predicted by a transfer-function model applied to the interplanetary electric field measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. The zonal electric field is predicted about one hour in advance, covering all local times and longitudes. The real-time prediction is available as a Google application at http://www.geomag.us/models/PPEFM/RealtimeEF.html. The benefit of this application to space weather forecasting is twofold: As the driver of the equatorial plasma fountain, the predicted zonal electric field is a leading indicator by 2-3 h of the EIA and the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the equatorial ionosphere. Second, rapid uplift of the ionosphere by strong eastward electric field is known to induce spread-F. Prediction of enhanced prompt penetration electric field in the eastward direction therefore enables the forecast of radio communication and navigation outages in the equatorial region. C1 [Manoj, C.; Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manoj, C.; Maus, S.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Manoj, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM manoj.c.nair@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD SEP 18 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S09002 DI 10.1029/2012SW000825 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 011AL UT WOS:000309135600002 ER PT J AU Stock, C Gehring, PM Hiraka, H Swainson, I Xu, GY Ye, ZG Luo, H Li, JF Viehland, D AF Stock, C. Gehring, P. M. Hiraka, H. Swainson, I. Xu, Guangyong Ye, Z. -G. Luo, H. Li, J. -F. Viehland, D. TI Evidence for anisotropic polar nanoregions in relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3: A neutron study of the elastic constants and anomalous TA phonon damping in PMN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GLASSY POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; FERROELECTRIC PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; LEAD MAGNONIOBATE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SOFT; TEMPERATURES; CERAMICS AB We use neutron inelastic scattering to characterize the acoustic phonons in the relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) and demonstrate the presence of a highly anisotropic damping mechanism that is directly related to short-range polar correlations. For a large range of temperatures above T-c similar to 210 K, where dynamic, short-range polar correlations are present, acoustic phonons propagating along [1 (1) over bar0] and polarized along [110] (TA(2) phonons) are overdamped and softened across most of the Brillouin zone. By contrast, acoustic phonons propagating along [100] and polarized along [001] (TA(1) phonons) are overdamped and softened for a more limited range of wave vectors q. The anisotropy and temperature dependence of the acoustic phonon energy linewidth Gamma are directly correlated with neutron diffuse scattering cross section, indicating that polar nanoregions are the cause of the anomalous behavior. The damping and softening vanish for q -> 0, i.e., for long-wavelength acoustic phonons near the zone center, which supports the notion that the anomalous damping is a result of the coupling between the relaxational component of the diffuse scattering and the harmonic TA phonons. Therefore, these effects are not due to large changes in the elastic constants with temperature because the elastic constants correspond to the long-wavelength limit. We compare the elastic constants we measure to those from Brillouin scattering experiments and to values reported for pure PbTiO3. We show that while the values of C-44 are quite similar, those for C-11 and C-12 are significantly less in PMN and result in a softening of (C-11 - C-12) over PbTiO3. The elastic constants also show an increased elastic anisotropy [2C(44)/(C-11 - C-12)] in PMN versus that in PbTiO3. These results are suggestive of an instability to TA(2) acoustic fluctuations in PMN and other relaxor ferroelectrics. We discuss our results in the context of the current debate over the "waterfall" effect and show that they are inconsistent with acoustic-optic phonon coupling or other models that invoke the presence of a second, low-energy optic mode. C1 [Stock, C.; Gehring, P. M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Hiraka, H.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Swainson, I.] CNR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ye, Z. -G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Ye, Z. -G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Labs 4D, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Luo, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Li, J. -F.; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council of Canada; US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0340, N00014-02-1-0126, MURI N00014-01-1-0761] FX We acknowledge financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Research Council of Canada, and from the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, and the Office of Naval Research under Grants No. N00014-02-1-0340, No. N00014-02-1-0126, and No. MURI N00014-01-1-0761. NR 97 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 54 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 18 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 10 AR 104108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.104108 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 007CH UT WOS:000308865900001 ER PT J AU Stock, C Broholm, C Demmel, F Van Duijn, J Taylor, JW Kang, HJ Hu, R Petrovic, C AF Stock, C. Broholm, C. Demmel, F. Van Duijn, J. Taylor, J. W. Kang, H. J. Hu, R. Petrovic, C. TI From Incommensurate Correlations to Mesoscopic Spin Resonance in YbRh2Si2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-CRITICAL-POINT; FERMION METAL YBRH2SI2; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; EXCITATIONS AB Spin fluctuations are reported near the magnetic field-driven quantum critical point in YbRh2Si2. On cooling, ferromagnetic fluctuations evolve into incommensurate correlations located at q(0) = +/-(delta, delta), with delta = 0.14 +/- 0.04 r.l.u. At low temperatures, an in-plane magnetic field induces a sharp intradoublet resonant excitation at an energy E-0 = g mu(B)mu H-0 with g = 3.8 +/- 0.2. The intensity is localized at the zone center, indicating precession of spin density extending xi = 6 +/- 2 angstrom beyond the 4f site. C1 [Stock, C.; Broholm, C.; Kang, H. J.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Demmel, F.; Taylor, J. W.] Rutherford Appleton Labs, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Van Duijn, J.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Inst Invest Energas Renovables, Albacete 02006, Spain. [Van Duijn, J.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Fs Aplicada, Albacete 02006, Spain. [Hu, R.; Petrovic, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; van Duijn, Joost/0000-0003-2283-6477 FU STFC; NSF [DMR-0116585, DMR-0944772]; DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; U.S. Department of Energy [E-Ac02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge funding from the STFC and the NSF through DMR-0116585 and DMR-0944772. Work at IQM was supported by DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Award DE-FG02-08ER46544. Part of this work was carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Brookhaven Science Associates (DE-Ac02-98CH10886) (R. H. and C. P.). We thank J. Murray and Z. Tesanovic for discussions and R. Down and E. Fitzgerald for cryogenic support. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 12 AR 127201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.127201 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007GO UT WOS:000308877000005 PM 23005978 ER PT J AU Lysaght, PS Woicik, JC Sahiner, MA Price, J Weiland, C Kirsch, PD AF Lysaght, P. S. Woicik, J. C. Sahiner, M. A. Price, J. Weiland, C. Kirsch, P. D. TI Spectroscopic analysis of Al and N diffusion in HfO2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; THERMAL-STABILITY; SI; DEPOSITION; OXIDE AB X-ray photoelectron core level spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements have been employed to distinguish the effects of Al and N diffusion on the local bonding and microstructure of HfO2 and its interface with the Si substrate in (001) Si/SiOx/2 nm HfO2/1 nm AlOx film structures. The diffusion of Al from the thin AlOx cap layer deposited on both annealed and unannealed HfO2 has been observed following anneal in N-2 and NH3 ambient. Both N-2 and NH3 subsequent anneals were performed to decouple incorporated nitrogen from thermal reactions alone. Causal variations in the HfO2 microstructure combined with the dependence of Al and N diffusion on initial HfO2 conditions are presented with respect to anneal temperature and ambient. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4754578] C1 [Lysaght, P. S.; Price, J.; Kirsch, P. D.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Woicik, J. C.; Weiland, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sahiner, M. A.] Seton Hall Univ, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Lysaght, PS (reprint author), SEMATECH, 257 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM pat.lysaght@sematech.org RI Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 6 AR 064118 DI 10.1063/1.4754578 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 015CP UT WOS:000309423200116 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Keller, MW Shaw, JM Chiaramonti, AN Keller, RR AF Miller, David L. Keller, Mark W. Shaw, Justin M. Chiaramonti, Ann N. Keller, Robert R. TI Epitaxial (111) films of Cu, Ni, and CuxNiy on alpha-Al2O3 (0001) for graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; POLYCRYSTALLINE NI; SURFACE; SEGREGATION; INTERFACES; CU(111); DEFECTS; CARBON; CVD AB Films of (111)-textured Cu, Ni, and CuxNiy were evaluated as substrates for chemical vapor deposition of graphene. A metal thickness of 400 nm to 700 nm was sputtered onto a substrate of alpha-Al2O3(0001) at temperatures of 250 degrees C to 650 degrees C. The films were then annealed at 1000 degrees C in a tube furnace. X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction measurements showed all films have (111) texture but have grains with in-plane orientations differing by 60 degrees. The in-plane epitaxial relationship for all films was inverted right perpendicular110inverted left perpendicular(metal)parallel to inverted right perpendicular10 (1) over bar 0inverted left perpendicular(Al2O3). Reactive sputtering of Al in O-2 before metal deposition resulted in a single in-plane orientation over 97% of the Ni film but had no significant effect on the Cu grain structure. Transmission electron microscopy showed a clean Ni/Al2O3 interface, confirmed the epitaxial relationship, and showed that formation of the 60 degrees twin grains was associated with features on the Al2O3 surface. Increasing total pressure and Cu vapor pressure during annealing decreased the roughness of Cu and CuxNiy films. Graphene grown on the Ni(111) films was more uniform than that grown on polycrystalline Ni/SiO2 films, but still showed thickness variations on a much smaller length scale than the distance between grains. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4754013] C1 [Miller, David L.; Keller, Mark W.; Shaw, Justin M.; Chiaramonti, Ann N.; Keller, Robert R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.miller@nist.gov; mark.keller@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Chiaramonti, Ann/E-7459-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 109 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 6 AR 064317 DI 10.1063/1.4754013 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 015CP UT WOS:000309423200135 ER PT J AU Wang, H Kumar, A Wang, WQ Xue, Y AF Wang, Hui Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu Xue, Yan TI Influence of ENSO on Pacific Decadal Variability: An Analysis Based on the NCEP Climate Forecast System SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; WINTER PRECIPITATION; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; SUMMER MONSOON; UNITED-STATES; OSCILLATION; MODEL; OCEAN; TELECONNECTIONS AB The influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Pacific decadal variability (PDV) is investigated by comparing two 500-yr simulations with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System coupled model. One simulation is a no-ENSO run, in which model daily sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific Ocean is relaxed to the observed climatology. The other simulation is a fully coupled run and retains ENSO variability. The PDV considered in this study is the first two empirical orthogonal functions of monthly SST anomalies in the North Pacific: the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). The PDO in the no-ENSO run can be clearly identified. Without ENSO, the PDO displays relatively higher variance at the decadal time scale and no spectral peak at the interannual time scale. In the ENSO run, the PDO variability increases slightly. ENSO not only enhances the variability of the PDO at the interannual time scale, but also shifts the PDO to longer time scales both consistent with observations. ENSO modulates the Aleutian low and associated surface wind over the North Pacific. The latter, in turn, helps establish a more persistent PDO in the ENSO run. The results also indicate a PDO modulation of global ENSO impacts and the linearity in the superposition of the ENSO-forced and PDO-related atmospheric anomalies. Compared to observations, the NPGO in both simulations lacks power at the time scale longer than 30 yr. On the decadal time scale, the variability of the NPGO is weaker in the ENSO run than in the no-ENSO run. C1 [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu; Xue, Yan] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 FU NOAA FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB) Program. We thank Michelle L'Heureux and Dr. Caihong Wen, three anonymous reviewers, and the editor for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 18 BP 6136 EP 6151 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00573.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009PP UT WOS:000309038000006 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Lin, SJ Held, IM Yu, ZT Tolman, HL AF Fan, Yalin Lin, Shian-Jiann Held, Isaac M. Yu, Zhitao Tolman, Hendrik L. TI Global Ocean Surface Wave Simulation Using a Coupled Atmosphere-Wave Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; MOMENTUM FLUX; WIND-WAVES; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; COEFFICIENT; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION AB This study describes a 29-yr (1981-2009) global ocean surface gravity wave simulation generated by a coupled atmosphere wave model using NOAA/GFDL's High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM) and the WAVEWATCH III surface wave model developed and used operationally at NOAA/NCEP. Extensive evaluation of monthly mean significant wave height (SWH) against in situ buoys, satellite altimeter measurements, and the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) show very good agreements in terms of magnitude, spatial distribution, and scatter. The comparisons with satellite altimeter measurements indicate that the SWH low bias in ERA-40 reanalysis has been improved in these model simulations. The model fields show a strong response to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the North Atlantic and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) in the Pacific Ocean that are well connected with the atmospheric responses. For the NAO in winter, the strongest subpolar wave responses are found near the northern Europe coast and the coast of Labrador rather than in the central-northern Atlantic where the wind response is strongest. Similarly, for the SOI in the Pacific Ocean, the wave responses are strongest in the northern Bering Sea and the Antarctic coast. C1 [Fan, Yalin] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Fan, Yalin; Lin, Shian-Jiann; Held, Isaac M.; Yu, Zhitao] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Yu, Zhitao] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Princeton, NJ USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Fan, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yalin.fan@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX The authors thank M. Hemer for providing the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter-measurement analysis data used in Fig. 8; Andreas Sterl for providing the corrected ERA-40 data used in Figs. 7 and 8; T. Delworth, S. Griffies, and O. Sergienko for valuable discussions on the interpretation of these results; and Z. Liang for helping the development of the coupled system used in this study. Yalin Fan was partially supported by the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program by NOAA. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 18 BP 6233 EP 6252 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00621.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009PP UT WOS:000309038000012 ER PT J AU Raeder, K Anderson, JL Collins, N Hoar, TJ Kay, JE Lauritzen, PH Pincus, R AF Raeder, Kevin Anderson, Jeffrey L. Collins, Nancy Hoar, Timothy J. Kay, Jennifer E. Lauritzen, Peter H. Pincus, Robert TI DART/CAM: An Ensemble Data Assimilation System for CESM Atmospheric Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID VOLUME DYNAMICAL CORE; KALMAN FILTER; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; STABILITY ANALYSIS; STATE; LOCALIZATION; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; MISSION; SST AB The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) has been interfaced to the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART), a community facility for ensemble data assimilation. This provides a large set of data assimilation tools for climate model research and development. Aspects of the interface to the Community Earth System Model (CESM) software are discussed and a variety of applications are illustrated, ranging from model development to the production of long series of analyses. CAM output is compared directly to real observations from platforms ranging from radiosondes to global positioning system satellites. Such comparisons use the temporally and spatially heterogeneous analysis error estimates available from the ensemble to provide very specific forecast quality evaluations. The ability to start forecasts from analyses, which were generated by CAM on its native grid and have no foreign model bias, contributed to the detection of a code error involving Arctic sea ice and cloud cover. The potential of parameter estimation is discussed. A CAM ensemble reanalysis has been generated for more than 15 yr. Atmospheric forcings from the reanalysis were required as input to generate an ocean ensemble reanalysis that provided initial conditions for decadal prediction experiments. The software enables rapid experimentation with differing sets of observations and state variables, and the comparison of different models against identical real observations, as illustrated by a comparison of forecasts initialized by interpolated ECMWF analyses and by DART/CAM analyses. C1 [Raeder, Kevin; Anderson, Jeffrey L.; Collins, Nancy; Hoar, Timothy J.] NACR, CISL, IMAGe, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kay, Jennifer E.; Lauritzen, Peter H.] NCAR, NESL, CGD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Raeder, K (reprint author), NACR, CISL, IMAGe, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM raeder@ucar.edu RI Kay, Jennifer/C-6042-2012; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy; NASA [NNX08AI23G, NNX09AJ05G] FX Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. This research was enabled by CISL compute and storage resources. Bluefire, a 4064-processor IBM Power6 resource with a peak of 77 teraFLOPS, provided almost a million computing hours, and CISL's 12-PB HPSS archive provided over 50 TB of storage. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy. Kevin Raeder was partly supported by NASA Grants NNX08AI23G and NNX09AJ05G. We thank Mariana Vertenstein and the Software Engineering Working Group at NCAR for the helpful discussions and multi-instance development work. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 18 BP 6304 EP 6317 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00395.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009PP UT WOS:000309038000016 ER PT J AU Wen, CH Xue, Y Kumar, A AF Wen, Caihong Xue, Yan Kumar, Arun TI Ocean-Atmosphere Characteristics of Tropical Instability Waves Simulated in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WIND STRESS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; MODEL; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; FRONT; LAYER AB The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) represents a new effort with the first guess from a high-resolution coupled system and offers prospects for improved simulation of mesoscale air-sea coupled variability. This study aims to describe the characteristics of ocean-atmosphere covariability associated with tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the Pacific for the CFSR, and to assess how well they agree with in situ and satellite observations. Multiyear daily high-resolution CFSR data are used to describe variability associated with TIWs. Results show that TIW-induced SST variations exhibit pronounced seasonal and interannual variability that are tightly connected with cold tongue variations. The analysis illustrates coherent patterns associated with TIWs, both in the ocean and the atmosphere. Moisture and air temperature maximums are located west of SST maximums, leading to downstream displacement of surface pressure minimums relative to SST maximums. Surface winds accelerate (decelerate) over warm (cold) water, and a thermally direct circulation is created. Significant signals are observed in low-level cloud cover, which are closely in phase with surface wind convergences. The magnitudes of TIW-induced surface wind, surface pressure, and cloud cover perturbations agree well with in situ and satellite observations. Further analysis shows that surface net heat flux perturbations are dominated by latent heat fluxes and have a large negative feedback on TIW SST variability (similar to 40 W m(2) degrees C-1). Water vapor perturbation is the primary factor contributing to changes in latent heat fluxes, while SST-induced wind perturbation plays a secondary role. The analysis presented here highlights that the CFSR provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the physical mechanisms for the TIWs, as well as their influences on climate variability. C1 [Wen, Caihong] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wen, Caihong] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Wen, CH (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, WWB, Room 605-A,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM caihong.wen@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 18 BP 6409 EP 6425 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00477.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009PP UT WOS:000309038000024 ER PT J AU Gutmann, ED Larson, KM Williams, MW Nievinski, FG Zavorotny, V AF Gutmann, Ethan D. Larson, Kristine M. Williams, Mark W. Nievinski, Felipe G. Zavorotny, Valery TI Snow measurement by GPS interferometric reflectometry: an evaluation at Niwot Ridge, Colorado SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE GPS; snow; measurement technique; Niwot Ridge; GPS-IR; remote sensing ID HIGH-ELEVATION CATCHMENT; UNITED-STATES; FRONT RANGE; CLIMATE; DEPTH; SITE AB Snow is a critical storage component in the hydrologic cycle, but current measurement networks are sparse. In addition, the heterogeneity of snow requires surveying larger areas to measure the areal average. We presented snow measurements using GPS interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR). GPS-IR measures a large area ( 100 m2), and existing GPS installations around the world have the potential to expand existing snow measurement networks. GPS-IR uses a standard, geodetic GPS installation to measure the snow surface via the reflected component of the signal. We reported GPS-IR snow depth measurements made at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, from October 2009 through June 2010. This site is in a topographic saddle at 3500 m elevation with a peak snow depth of 1.7 m near the GPS antenna. GPS-IR measurements are compared with biweekly snow surveys, a continuously operating scanning laser system and an airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) measurement. The GPS-IR measurement of peak snowpack (1.361.76 m) matches manual measurements (0.951.7 m) and the scanning laser (1.16 m). GPS-IR has RMS error of 13 cm (bias = 10 cm) compared with the laser, although differences between the measurement locations make comparison imprecise. Over the melt season, when the snowpack is more homogenous, the difference between the GPS-IR and the laser is reduced (RMS = 9 cm, bias = 6 cm). In other locations, the GPS and the LIDAR agree on which areas have more or less snow, but the GPS estimates more snow on the ground on tracks to the west (1.58 m) than the LIDAR (1.14 m). Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gutmann, Ethan D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Larson, Kristine M.; Nievinski, Felipe G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gutmann, ED (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM gutmann@ucar.edu RI Gutmann, Ethan/I-5728-2012; Geremia Nievinski, Felipe/G-4897-2013 OI Gutmann, Ethan/0000-0003-4077-3430; Geremia Nievinski, Felipe/0000-0002-3325-1987 FU NSF [EAR 0948957]; CU engineering college; Fulbright/Capes; NSF; National Science Foundation; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX KL and FGNs contributions were supported by NSF EAR 0948957, a CU interdisciplinary seed grant, and a grant from the CU engineering college. FGN acknowledges funding provided by Fulbright/Capes. The NSF-funded NWT LTER project provided field and logistical support as well as the contributions of MWW. The receiver used at Niwot Ridge was leant to the project by Trimble Navigation. UNAVCO provided engineering and archiving support. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. EDG was supported by a postdoctoral programme of the Advanced Study Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. LIDAR information was provided by the NSF-funded Boulder Creek Critical Zones Observatory. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers who have made this a better article. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 19 BP 2951 EP 2961 DI 10.1002/hyp.8329 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 993YN UT WOS:000307896400010 ER PT J AU Yoon, KH Kim, KO Wang, CQ Park, I Yoon, DY AF Yoon, Kyung-Hwan Kim, Kyung Oh Wang, Chengqing Park, Insook Yoon, Do Y. TI Synthesis and structure-property comparisons of hydrogenated poly(oxanorbornene-imide)s and poly(norbornene-imide)s prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE high performance polymers; poly(norbornene imide); poly(oxanorbornene imide); ROMP; structure-property relations ID TANDEM ROMP-HYDROGENATION; RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS; NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES; OLEFIN METATHESIS; GAS-TRANSPORT; POLYMERS; COPOLYMERS; COMPLEXES; INITIATORS; CHEMISTRY C1 [Yoon, Kyung-Hwan; Kim, Kyung Oh; Yoon, Do Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Wang, Chengqing] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Park, Insook] Anal & Evaluat Res Inst, Yongin 446797, South Korea. RP Yoon, DY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM dyyoon@snu.ac.kr FU Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project; Korean government FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dong-hee Lee and Jeongyeol Moon, Heon-Sung Chae, and Choong-Seok Kang in Kolon Central Research Institute. The authors thank Hye-Young Jang in Ajou University and Wen-Li Wu in NIST for advice and helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project and Midterm Strategy Project of Korean government. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 50 IS 18 BP 3914 EP 3921 DI 10.1002/pola.26171 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 986KG UT WOS:000307339900026 ER PT J AU Richards, WJ Yato, T AF Richards, William J. Yato, Takuji TI The tropical species of the subgenus Pterygotrigla (Pisces: Triglidae: Pterygotrigla) with description of a new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Scorpaeniformes; gurnards; hyperostosis ID SCORPAENIFORMES; GURNARDS; FISHES AB The tropical species of the triglid subgenus Pterygotrigla (Pterygotrigla) are reviewed. Diagnoses, descriptions, and distributions are given for P. ryukyuensis, P. guezei, for two recently described species, P. saumarez and P. gomoni, and one new species. P. cajorarori, described herein. The statuses of the species of the subgenus are discussed and the subgenus is diagnosed. The subgenus lacks a nasal spine and has a short opercular spine, two features that distinguish it from the other two subgenera. The new species, P. cajorarori, has extreme hyperostosis of the head bones and first dorsal fin spines. It has 12+3 pectoral fin rays and is a rare species with few specimens from Japan, Philippines, Australia, and Indonesia. C1 [Richards, William J.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Yato, Takuji] Kobe Senior High Sch, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6570804, Japan. RP Richards, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM htf1967@aol.com; tyato@hyogo-c.ed.jp NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 14 PY 2012 IS 3484 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 004OW UT WOS:000308692000003 ER PT J AU Knurr, BJ Adams, CL Weber, JM AF Knurr, Benjamin J. Adams, Christopher L. Weber, J. Mathias TI Infrared spectroscopy of hydrated naphthalene cluster anions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON AUTODETACHMENT; WATER CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; EXCESS ELECTRON; FORCE-FIELDS; SPECTRA; DENSITY AB We present infrared spectra of mass-selected C10H8- center dot (H2O)(n) center dot Ar-m cluster anions (n = 1-6) obtained by Ar predissociation spectroscopy. The experimental spectra are compared with predicted spectra from density functional theory calculations. The OH groups of the water ligands are involved in H-bonds to other water molecules or to the pi system of the naphthalene anion, which accommodates the excess electron. The interactions in the water network are generally found to be more important than those between water molecules and the ion. For 2 <= n <= 4 the water molecules form single layer water networks on one side of the naphthalene anion, while for n = 5 and 6, cage and multilayer structures become more energetically favorable. For cluster sizes with more than 3 water molecules, multiple conformers are likely to be responsible for the experimental spectra. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750371] C1 [Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY 0551010, CHE 0845618]; American Chemical Society FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant Nos. PHY 0551010 and CHE 0845618, and from the Donors of the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 10 AR 104303 DI 10.1063/1.4750371 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 010NF UT WOS:000309100400015 PM 22979855 ER PT J AU Kort, EA Frankenberg, C Miller, CE Oda, T AF Kort, Eric A. Frankenberg, Christian Miller, Charles E. Oda, Tom TI Space-based observations of megacity carbon dioxide SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; PART 1; CO2; VALIDATION; URBAN AB Urban areas now house more than half the world's population, and are estimated to contribute over 70% of global energy-related CO2 emissions. Many cities have emission reduction policies in place, but lack objective, observationbased methods for verifying their outcomes. Here we demonstrate the potential of satellite-borne instruments to provide accurate global monitoring of megacity CO2 emissions using GOSAT observations of column averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (X-CO2) collected over Los Angeles and Mumbai. By differencing observations over the megacity with those in nearby background, we observe robust, statistically significant X-CO2 enhancements of 3.2 +/- 1.5 ppm for Los Angeles and 2.4 +/- 1.2 ppm for Mumbai, and find these enhancements can be exploited to track anthropogenic emission trends over time. We estimate that X-CO2 changes as small as 0.7 ppm in Los Angeles, corresponding to a 22% change in emissions, could be detected with GOSAT at the 95% confidence level. Citation: Kort, E. A., C. Frankenberg, C. E. Miller, and T. Oda (2012), Space-based observations of megacity carbon dioxide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L17806, doi:10.1029/2012GL052738. C1 [Kort, Eric A.] CALTECH, WM Keck Inst Space Studies, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kort, Eric A.; Frankenberg, Christian; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Oda, Tom] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oda, Tom] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kort, EA (reprint author), CALTECH, WM Keck Inst Space Studies, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM eric.a.kort@jpl.nasa.gov RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies FX This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. EAK thanks the W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies for support. GOSAT Level 1B products (spectral data) were provided by the GOSAT Project (JAXA, NIES, and Ministry of the Environment Japan) through its collaboration with NASA's Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Spaces (ACOS) team. The XCO2 data used in this work were processed by the ACOS team using software build 2.9. The authors thank the GOSAT and OCO/ACOS teams for continued collaboration and detailed technical discussions. The authors wish to thank Paul Wennberg, Yuk Yung, Michael Gunson, and Annmarie Eldering for insightful and constructive suggestions and comments. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L17806 DI 10.1029/2012GL052738 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 007MF UT WOS:000308891700004 ER PT J AU Solomon, S Young, PJ Hassler, B AF Solomon, Susan Young, Paul J. Hassler, Birgit TI Uncertainties in the evolution of stratospheric ozone and implications for recent temperature changes in the tropical lower stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRENDS AB Observations from satellites and balloons suggest that ozone abundances have decreased in the tropical lower stratosphere since the late 1970s, but this long-term change is occurring in a region of large interannual variability. Three different ozone databases provide regression fits to the ozone observations, and are available for use in model studies of the influence of ozone changes on stratospheric and tropospheric temperatures. Differences between these ozone databases suggest that the estimated decreases of tropical lower stratospheric ozone in recent decades are uncertain by about a factor of two to three. The uncertainties in ozone decreases lead to similar uncertainties in cooling of the tropical lower stratosphere, a key area of focus in climate change studies. Citation: Solomon, S., P. J. Young, and B. Hassler (2012), Uncertainties in the evolution of stratospheric ozone and implications for recent temperature changes in the tropical lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L17706, doi:10.1029/2012GL052723. C1 [Solomon, Susan] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Young, Paul J.; Hassler, Birgit] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Young, Paul J.; Hassler, Birgit] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM solos@mit.edu RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L17706 DI 10.1029/2012GL052723 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 007MF UT WOS:000308891700003 ER PT J AU Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Holloway, JS Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Atlas, E Blake, D Trainer, M Parrish, DD AF Warneke, Carsten de Gouw, Joost A. Holloway, John S. Peischl, Jeff Ryerson, Thomas B. Atlas, Elliot Blake, Don Trainer, Michael Parrish, David D. TI Multiyear trends in volatile organic compounds in Los Angeles, California: Five decades of decreasing emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY; REFORMULATED GASOLINE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; UNITED-STATES; URBAN PLUME; OZONE; HYDROCARBONS; IMPACT AB Airborne measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed during CalNex 2010 (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) in the Los Angeles (LA) basin in May-June 2010 and during ITCT2k2 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation) in May 2002. While CO2 enhancements in the basin were similar between the two years, the Delta CO/Delta CO2 ratio had decreased by about a factor of two. The Delta VOC/Delta CO emission ratios stayed relatively constant between the two years. This indicates that, relative to CO2, VOCs in the LA basin also decreased by about a factor of two since 2002. These data are compared with the results from various previous field campaigns dating back as early as 1960 and from the extensive air quality monitoring system in the LA basin going back to 1980. The results show that the mixing ratios of VOCs and CO have decreased by almost two orders of magnitude during the past five decades at an average annual rate of about 7.5%. Exceptions to this trend are the small alkanes ethane and propane, which have decreased slower due to the use and production of natural gas. A comparison with trends in London, UK shows that, due to stricter regulations at the time, VOC mixing ratios in LA decreased earlier than in London, albeit at a slower rate, such that typical mixing ratios in both cities in 2008 were at about the same level. C1 [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Holloway, John S.; Peischl, Jeff; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Trainer, Michael; Parrish, David D.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Holloway, John S.; Peischl, Jeff] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, Elliot] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Blake, Don] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, 325 Broadway,R-CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NOAA FX The NOAA Climate Change and Air Quality programs supported this work. We would like to thank the crew of the NOAA WP-3 aircraft. NR 38 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 7 U2 100 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V17 DI 10.1029/2012JD017899 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007MQ UT WOS:000308892800004 ER PT J AU Chupp, TE Cooper, RL Coulter, KP Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Garcia, A Jones, GL Mumm, HP Nico, JS Thompson, AK Trull, CA Wietfeldt, FE Wilkerson, JF AF Chupp, T. E. Cooper, R. L. Coulter, K. P. Freedman, S. J. Fujikawa, B. K. Garcia, A. Jones, G. L. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. Thompson, A. K. Trull, C. A. Wietfeldt, F. E. Wilkerson, J. F. TI Search for a T-odd, P-even triple correlation in neutron decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TIME-REVERSAL VIOLATION; BETA-DECAY; ELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATION; INVARIANCE; NUCLEAR; TESTS; LIMIT; HE-3 AB Background: Time-reversal-invariance violation, or equivalently CP violation, may explain the observed cosmological baryon asymmetry as well as indicate physics beyond the Standard Model. In the decay of polarized neutrons, the triple correlation D <(J) over right arrown >/Jn.((beta) over right arrowe x (p) over cap nu) is a parity-even, time-reversal-odd observable that is uniquely sensitive to the relative phase of the axial-vector amplitude with respect to the vector amplitude. The triple correlation is also sensitive to possible contributions from scalar and tensor amplitudes. Final-state effects contribute to D at the level of 10(-5) and can be calculated with a precision of 1% or better. Purpose: We have improved the sensitivity to T-odd, P-even interactions in nuclear beta decay. Methods: We measured proton-electron coincidences from decays of longitudinally polarized neutrons with a highly symmetric detector array designed to cancel the time-reversal-even, parity-odd Standard-Model contributions to polarized neutron decay. Over 300 million proton-electron coincidence events were used to extract D and study systematic effects in a blind analysis. Results: We find D = [-0.94 +/- 1.89(stat) +/- 0.97(sys)] x 10(-4). This differs from the result of our recent paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 102301 (2011)] due to refinement of corrections for background and backscattering. Conclusions: This is the most sensitive measurement of D in nuclear beta decay. Our result can be interpreted as a measurement of the phase of the ratio of the axial-vector and vector coupling constants (C-A/C-V = |lambda|e(i phi AV)) with phi AV = 180.012 degrees +/- 0.028 degrees (68% confidence level). This result can also be used to constrain time-reversal-violating scalar and tensor interactions that arise in certain extensions to the Standard Model such as leptoquarks. C1 [Chupp, T. E.; Cooper, R. L.; Coulter, K. P.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garcia, A.; Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Garcia, A.; Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Garcia, A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jones, G. L.] Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. [Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trull, C. A.; Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Wilkerson, J. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chupp, TE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. OI Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217; Garcia, Alejandro/0000-0001-6056-6645 FU US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-97ER41020, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-97ER41041]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0555432, PHY-0855694, PHY-0555474, PHY-0855310] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge informative conversations with Susan Gardner, Wick Haxton, Michael Ramsey-Musolf, and Sean Tulin. The emiT apparatus and emiT-I experiment were developed by many additional collaborators including Shenq-Rong Hwang, Laura Lising, Hamish Robertson, and Tom Steiger along with Bill Teasdale. The neutron facilities used in this work were provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce. The research was made possible in part by grants from the US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics (DE-FG02-97ER41020, DE-AC02-05CH11231, and DE-FG02-97ER41041), and the National Science Foundation (PHY-0555432, PHY-0855694, PHY-0555474, and PHY-0855310). NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 AR 035505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.035505 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 005GC UT WOS:000308737500008 ER PT J AU Herrero, AM Blanchard, PT Sanders, A Brubaker, MD Sanford, NA Roshko, A Bertness, KA AF Herrero, Andrew M. Blanchard, Paul T. Sanders, Aric Brubaker, Matt D. Sanford, Norman A. Roshko, Alexana Bertness, Kris A. TI Microstructure evolution and development of annealed Ni/Au contacts to GaN nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; OHMIC CONTACTS; THERMAL-STABILITY; OXIDATION; FILMS; NICKEL AB The development of Ni/Au contacts to Mg-doped GaN nanowires (NWs) is examined. Unlike Ni/Au contacts to planar GaN, current-voltage (I-V) measurements of Mg-doped nanowire devices frequently exhibit a strong degradation after annealing in N-2/O-2. This degradation originates from the poor wetting behavior of Ni and Au on SiO2 and the excessive void formation that occurs at the metal/NW and metal/oxide interfaces. The void formation can cause cracking and delamination of the metal film as well as reduce the contact area at the metal/NW interface, which increases the resistance. The morphology and composition of the annealed Ni/Au contacts on SiO2 and the p-GaN films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Adhesion experiments were performed in order to determine the degree of adhesion of the Ni/Au films to the SiO2 as well as observe and analyze the morphology of the film's underside by SEM. Device degradation from annealing was prevented through the use of a specific adhesion layer of Ti/Al/Ni deposited prior to the nanowire dispersal and Ni/Au deposition. I-V measurements of NW devices fabricated using this adhesion layer showed a decrease in resistance after annealing, whereas all others showed an increase in resistance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on a cross-section of a NW with Ni/Au contacts and a Ti/Al/Ni adhesion layer showed a lack of void formation at the contact/NW interface. Results of the XRD and TEM analysis of the NW contact structure using a Ti/Al/Ni adhesion layer suggests Al alloying of the Ni/Au contact increases the adhesion and stability of the metal film as well as prevents excessive void formation at the contact/NW interface. C1 [Herrero, Andrew M.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Sanders, Aric; Brubaker, Matt D.; Sanford, Norman A.; Roshko, Alexana; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Herrero, AM (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bertness@boulder.nist.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 41 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 36 AR 365203 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/36/365203 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 992XD UT WOS:000307812800005 PM 22910019 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL Karpiak, V Zhang, YZ Choquette, S AF Gaigalas, A. K. Wang, Lili Karpiak, V. Zhang, Yu-Zhong Choquette, Steven TI Measurement of Scattering Cross Section with a Spectrophotometer with an Integrating Sphere Detector SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrating sphere detector; Lorenz-Mie scattering; microspheres; scattering ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; MIE SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; PARTICLE; WATER AB A commercial spectrometer with an integrating sphere (IS) detector was used to measure the scattering cross section of microspheres. Analysis of the measurement process showed that two measurements of the absorbance, one with the cuvette placed in the normal spectrometer position, and the second with the cuvette placed inside the IS, provided enough information to separate the contributions from scattering and molecular absorption. Measurements were carried out with microspheres with different diameters. The data was fitted with a model consisting of the difference of two terms. The first term was the Lorenz-Mie (L-M) cross section which modeled the total absorbance due to scattering. The second term was the integral of the L-M differential cross section over the detector acceptance angle. The second term estimated the amount of forward scattered light that entered the detector. A wavelength dependent index of refraction was used in the model. The agreement between the model and the data was good between 300 nm and 800 nm. The fits provided values for the microsphere diameter, the concentration, and the wavelength dependent index of refraction. For wavelengths less than 300 nm, the scattering cross section had significant spectral structure which was inversely related to the molecular absorption. This work addresses the measurement and interpretation of the scattering cross section for wavelengths between 300 nm and 800 nm. C1 [Gaigalas, A. K.; Wang, Lili] US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, NIST Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karpiak, V.; Zhang, Yu-Zhong] US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Life Technol Corp, Cell Syst Div, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. [Choquette, Steven] US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Mat Measurement Lab, Bioassay Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, NIST Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov; lili.wang@nist.gov; steven.choquette@nist.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 202 EP 215 DI 10.6028/jres.117.012 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 018ZA UT WOS:000309705500001 PM 26900524 ER PT J AU Laurila, TE Petersen, S Devey, CW Baker, ET Augustin, N Hannington, MD AF Laurila, T. E. Petersen, S. Devey, C. W. Baker, E. T. Augustin, N. Hannington, M. D. TI Tectonic and magmatic controls on hydrothermal activity in the Woodlark Basin SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Franklin Seamount; Woodlark; hydrothermal plume; neovolcanic; spreading ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; FRANKLIN SEAMOUNT; PLATE BOUNDARY; FLOOR; DEPOSITS; SYSTEM; RIFT; REORIENTATION; PERSPECTIVES AB The Woodlark Basin is one of the rare places on earth where the transition from continental breakup to seafloor spreading can be observed. The potential juxtaposition of continental rocks, a large magmatic heat source, crustal-scale faulting, and hydrothermal circulation has made the Woodlark Basin a prime target for seafloor mineral exploration. However, over the past 20 years, only two locations of active hydrothermalism had been found. In 2009 we surveyed 435 km of the spreading axis for the presence of hydrothermal plumes. Only one additional plume was found, bringing the total number of plumes known over 520 km of ridge axis to only 3, much less than at ridges with similar spreading rates globally. Particularly the western half of the basin (280 km of axis) is apparently devoid of high temperature plumes despite having thick crust and a presumably high magmatic budget. This paucity of hydrothermal activity may be related to the peculiar tectonic setting at Woodlark, where repeated ridge jumps and a re-location of the rotation pole both lead to axial magmatism being more widely distributed than at many other, more mature and stable mid-ocean ridges. These factors could inhibit the development of both a stable magmatic heat source and the deeply penetrating faults needed to create long-lived hydrothermal systems. We conclude that large seafloor massive sulfide deposits, potential targets for seafloor mineral exploration, will probably not be present along the spreading axis of the Woodlark Basin, especially in its younger, western portion. C1 [Laurila, T. E.; Hannington, M. D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Petersen, S.; Devey, C. W.; Augustin, N.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Baker, E. T.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Laurila, TE (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Marion Hall, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM tea.laurila@uottawa.ca RI Devey, Colin/I-3898-2016; Petersen, Sven/N-9528-2016 OI Devey, Colin/0000-0002-0930-7274; Petersen, Sven/0000-0002-5469-105X FU BMBF [03G0203A]; NSERC FX We wish to thank the Captain and Crew of F.S. "Sonne" for their excellent support during the SO-203 cruise. Fernando Martinez (Hawaii) provided bathymetric, side scan and magnetic data, which helped enormously in cruise planning. He and Andrew Goodliffe are thanked for insightful reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. The assistant editor Robert Dunn is thanked for editorial handling. The SO-203 cruise was supported by BMBF grant 03G0203A to CWD and an NSERC Discovery Grant to MDH. PMEL contribution 3877. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q09006 DI 10.1029/2012GC004247 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007LM UT WOS:000308889800004 ER PT J AU Dutton, GJ Robey, SW AF Dutton, G. J. Robey, S. W. TI Exciton Dynamics at CuPc/C-60 Interfaces: Energy Dependence of Exciton Dissociation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE-TRANSFER EXCITONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; THIN-FILMS; ZINC-PHTHALOCYANINE; BAND-GAP; RECOMBINATION; GENERATION; STATE; SEMICONDUCTOR AB Donor-acceptor interfaces are critical for the operation of organic photovoltaic devices. Exciton dynamics at these interfaces play a significant role in determining efficiency and controlling open circuit voltage (V-OC), short circuit current (J(SC)), or fill factor (FF). These fundamental interfacial dynamical processes are dependent on the interfacial electronic and molecular structure. In this report we use time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE) to investigate exciton dissociation, recombination, and relaxation processes occurring at well-characterized prototypical donor-acceptor interfaces of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) layers on C-60. S-1 excitons are created by excitation in the CuPc Q-band. The excited S-1 population is probed as a function of time via photoemission with a UV probe pulse. TR-2PPE measurements provide a picture of subpicosecond charge separation and recombination processes as a function of distance from the CuPc/C-60 interface, starting with a CuPc single layer. Analysis via rate equation modeling reveals that the bulk intersystem crossing and intraband relaxation occur on picosecond to subpicosecond time scales, resulting in rapid relaxation of the exciton population. At the interface, these processes compete with electron transfer to C-60. The rate constant governing exciton dissociation is energy-dependent, decreasing by orders of magnitude for excitons below the energy of interfacial charge-transfer states. Connections to semiclassical models of charge transfer and implications for device performance are discussed. C1 [Dutton, G. J.; Robey, S. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dutton, GJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Dutton, Gregory/J-8870-2016 OI Dutton, Gregory/0000-0002-1483-604X NR 63 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 36 BP 19173 EP 19181 DI 10.1021/jp305637r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 003SJ UT WOS:000308631300013 ER PT J AU Matthews, HD Solomon, S Pierrehumbert, R AF Matthews, H. Damon Solomon, Susan Pierrehumbert, Raymond TI Cumulative carbon as a policy framework for achieving climate stabilization SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; global warming; greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide; allowable emissions; climate stabilization ID EMISSIONS TARGETS; GREENHOUSE GASES; DIOXIDE; MODEL; SCENARIOS AB The primary objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that will avoid dangerous climate impacts. However, greenhouse gas concentration stabilization is an awkward framework within which to assess dangerous climate change on account of the significant lag between a given concentration level and the eventual equilibrium temperature change. By contrast, recent research has shown that global temperature change can be well described by a given cumulative carbon emissions budget. Here, we propose that cumulative carbon emissions represent an alternative framework that is applicable both as a tool for climate mitigation as well as for the assessment of potential climate impacts. We show first that both atmospheric CO2 concentration at a given year and the associated temperature change are generally associated with a unique cumulative carbon emissions budget that is largely independent of the emissions scenario. The rate of global temperature change can therefore be related to first order to the rate of increase of cumulative carbon emissions. However, transient warming over the next century will also be strongly affected by emissions of shorter lived forcing agents such as aerosols and methane. Non-CO2 emissions therefore contribute to uncertainty in the cumulative carbon budget associated with near-term temperature targets, and may suggest the need for a mitigation approach that considers separately short-and long-lived gas emissions. By contrast, long-term temperature change remains primarily associated with total cumulative carbon emissions owing to the much longer atmospheric residence time of CO2 relative to other major climate forcing agents. C1 [Matthews, H. Damon] Concordia Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Environm, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Matthews, HD (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Environm, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM dmatthew@alcor.concordia.ca RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Pierrehumbert, Raymond/0000-0002-5887-1197 FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences [GR-7059]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We wish to thank the members of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations, as well as the study director, Toby Warden, for interesting and helpful discussions surrounding early versions of this research. H.D.M. would also like to thank S. Turner, S. Turner-Matthews and J. Turner-Matthews for their support and encouragement during the writing of the manuscript, as well as to acknowledge funding support from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS Project Grant GR-7059) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 370 IS 1974 BP 4365 EP 4379 DI 10.1098/rsta.2012.0064 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 988BD UT WOS:000307462300010 PM 22869803 ER PT J AU Madigan, DJ Carlisle, AB Dewar, H Snodgrass, OE Litvin, SY Micheli, F Block, BA AF Madigan, Daniel J. Carlisle, Aaron B. Dewar, Heidi Snodgrass, Owyn E. Litvin, Steven Y. Micheli, Fiorenza Block, Barbara A. TI Stable Isotope Analysis Challenges Wasp-Waist Food Web Assumptions in an Upwelling Pelagic Ecosystem SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC ALBACORE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC POSITION; BLUEFIN TUNA; BODY-SIZE; FISH; VARIABILITY; MOVEMENTS; OCEAN AB Eastern boundary currents are often described as 'wasp-waist' ecosystems in which one or few mid-level forage species support a high diversity of larger predators that are highly susceptible to fluctuations in prey biomass. The assumption of wasp-waist control has not been empirically tested in all such ecosystems. This study used stable isotope analysis to test the hypothesis of wasp-waist control in the southern California Current large marine ecosystem (CCLME). We analyzed prey and predator tissue for delta C-13 and delta N-15 and used Bayesian mixing models to provide estimates of CCLME trophic dynamics from 2007-2010. Our results show high omnivory, planktivory by some predators, and a higher degree of trophic connectivity than that suggested by the wasp-waist model. Based on this study period, wasp-waist models oversimplify trophic dynamics within the CCLME and potentially other upwelling, pelagic ecosystems. Higher trophic connectivity in the CCLME likely increases ecosystem stability and resilience to perturbations. C1 [Madigan, Daniel J.; Carlisle, Aaron B.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Tuna Res & Conservat Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Dewar, Heidi; Snodgrass, Owyn E.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Madigan, DJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Tuna Res & Conservat Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM dmadigan@stanford.edu NR 62 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 654 DI 10.1038/srep00654 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 006GH UT WOS:000308807000002 PM 22977729 ER PT J AU Riishojgaard, LP Ma, ZZ Masutani, M Woollen, JS Emmitt, GD Wood, SA Greco, S AF Riishojgaard, Lars Peter Ma, Zaizhong Masutani, Michiko Woollen, John S. Emmitt, George D. Wood, Sidney A. Greco, Steven TI Observation system simulation experiments for a global wind observing sounder SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIDAR; COHERENT; SPACE AB Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are a powerful tool used to assess the potential impact on numerical weather prediction skill of planned or hypothetical future observing systems. Over the past several years an international Joint OSSE collaboration has emerged centered on the use of NASA's and NOAA's data assimilation systems. A Nature Run provided by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has undergone extensive validation, and a set of simulated reference observations have been subjected to a set of calibration experiments. One of the first candidate observing systems assessed by this system is a wind lidar based on the Global Wind Observing Sounder (GWOS) concept developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey. A set of 45-day assimilation and forecast experiments has been set up and executed. The experiments were done using the NCEP operational forecast system, and the results show that wind lidar observations are likely to provide a significant increase in forecast skill even when used in a modern, radiance- based assimilation system. Citation: Riishojgaard, L. P., Z. Ma, M. Masutani, J. S. Woollen, G. D. Emmitt, S. A. Wood, and S. Greco (2012), Observation system simulation experiments for a global wind observing sounder, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L17805, doi:10.1029/2012GL051814. C1 [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter; Ma, Zaizhong; Masutani, Michiko] Joint Ctr Satellite & Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter; Ma, Zaizhong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masutani, Michiko; Woollen, John S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Masutani, Michiko] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. [Woollen, John S.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Emmitt, George D.; Wood, Sidney A.; Greco, Steven] Simpson Weather Associates Inc, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Riishojgaard, LP (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite & Data Assimilat, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM lars.p.riishojgaard@nasa.gov RI Ma, Zaizhong/M-3248-2013 FU NASA through ROSES [NNX08AQ44G] FX Support for this work was provided by NASA (R. Kakar) through ROSES (grant NNX08AQ44G). Computational resources for the experiments were made available by NOAA/NCEP. The T511NR was produced by Erik Andersson of the ECMWF. Initial simulation of GOES radiance data was conducted by Tong Zhu of NESDIS. The authors thank Fanglin Yang for help with the use of the NCEP Verification System. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L17805 DI 10.1029/2012GL051814 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 007LZ UT WOS:000308891100001 ER PT J AU Chen, ZL Bohnet, JG Weiner, JM Thompson, JK AF Chen, Zilong Bohnet, Justin G. Weiner, Joshua M. Thompson, James K. TI General formalism for evaluating the impact of phase noise on Bloch vector rotations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE PULSES; QUANTUM; INTERFEROMETER; FLUORESCENCE; ENTANGLEMENT; METROLOGY; VACUUM; LIMIT AB Quantum manipulation protocols for quantum sensors and quantum computation often require many single-qubit rotations. However, the impact of phase noise in the field that performs the qubit rotations is often neglected or treated only for special cases. We present a general framework for calculating the impact of phase noise on the state of a qubit, as described by its equivalent Bloch vector. The analysis applies to any Bloch vector orientation and any rotation axis azimuthal angle for both a single pulse and pulse sequences. Experimental examples are presented for several special cases. We apply the analysis to commonly used composite p pulse sequences for suppression of static amplitude or detuning errors and also to spin-echo sequences. We expect the formalism presented will help guide the development and evaluation of future quantum manipulation protocols. C1 [Chen, Zilong] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, ZL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zchen@jila.colorado.edu RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU NSF AMO PFC; NIST; A*STAR Singapore; NSF GRF FX We thank J. Harlow and K. Lehnert for the loan of a microwave signal generator, and K. Cox for helpful comments. This work was supported by the NSF AMO PFC and NIST. Z.C. acknowledges support from A*STAR Singapore, and J.G.B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 AR 032313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.032313 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 004NT UT WOS:000308689100003 ER PT J AU Kindermann, M Uchoa, B Miller, DL AF Kindermann, M. Uchoa, Bruno Miller, D. L. TI Zero-energy modes and gate-tunable gap in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES AB In this article, we derive an effective theory of graphene on a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate. We show that the h-BN substrate generically opens a spectral gap in graphene despite the lattice mismatch. The origin of that gap is particularly intuitive in the regime of strong coupling between graphene and its substrate, when the low-energy physics is determined by the topology of a network of zero-energy modes. For twisted graphene bilayers, where inversion symmetry is present, this network percolates through the system and the spectrum is gapless. The breaking of that symmetry by h-BN causes the zero-energy modes to close into rings. The eigenstates of these rings hybridize into flat bands with gaps in between. The size of this band gap can be tuned by a gate voltage and it can reach the order of magnitude needed to confine electrons at room temperature. C1 [Kindermann, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Uchoa, Bruno] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Miller, D. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kindermann, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU NSF [DMR-1055799, DMR-0820382] FX We thank A. H. Castro Neto, P. M. Goldbart, P. Jarillo-Herrero, and E. J. Mele for discussions and gratefully acknowledge financial support from the NSF (DMR-1055799 and DMR-0820382). Contribution of an agency of the US government, not subject to copyright. NR 19 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 11 AR 115415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.115415 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 004OB UT WOS:000308689900006 ER PT J AU Cossel, KC Gresh, DN Sinclair, LC Coffey, T Skripnikov, LV Petrov, AN Mosyagin, NS Titov, AV Field, RW Meyer, ER Cornell, EA Ye, J AF Cossel, Kevin C. Gresh, Daniel N. Sinclair, Laura C. Coffey, Tyler Skripnikov, Leonid V. Petrov, Alexander N. Mosyagin, Nikolai S. Titov, Anatoly V. Field, Robert W. Meyer, Edmund R. Cornell, Eric A. Ye, Jun TI Broadband velocity modulation spectroscopy of HfF+: Towards a measurement of the electron electric dipole moment SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS; MOLECULAR-IONS; DOUBLING PARAMETERS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; MU-M; SPECTRUM; STATES AB Precision spectroscopy of trapped HfF+ will be used to search for the permanent electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM). Prior to this study, spectroscopic information necessary for state preparation, read-out, and analysis of systematic errors was not available. We have developed a powerful technique for broadband, high-resolution survey spectroscopy of molecular ions that combines cavity-enhanced direct frequency-comb spectroscopy with velocity-modulation spectroscopy (vms) and used this to measure four bands in HfF+ over a 1000 cm(-1) bandwidth near 800 nm. Additionally, we performed targeted scans with cw-laser vms to find 15 additional bands from 9950 to 14600 cm(-1). We present a detailed analysis of these bands to obtain high-precision rovibrational constants, Lambda-doublings, and isotope splittings for eight electronic states. We also use our results to improve theoretical predictions and discuss implications of our measurements to the eEDM experiments. These results demonstrate the application of frequency-comb and cw-vms for broadband, high-resolution spectroscopy of molecular ions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cossel, Kevin C.; Gresh, Daniel N.; Sinclair, Laura C.; Coffey, Tyler; Meyer, Edmund R.; Cornell, Eric A.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cossel, Kevin C.; Gresh, Daniel N.; Sinclair, Laura C.; Coffey, Tyler; Meyer, Edmund R.; Cornell, Eric A.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Skripnikov, Leonid V.; Petrov, Alexander N.; Mosyagin, Nikolai S.; Titov, Anatoly V.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Skripnikov, Leonid V.; Petrov, Alexander N.] St Petersburg State Univ, Quantum Mech Div, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. [Field, Robert W.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cossel, KC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.cossel@colorado.edu RI Field, Robert/A-9465-2009; Skripnikov, Leonid/I-5135-2013; Titov, Anatoly/C-8069-2012; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Mosyagin, Nikolai/N-7531-2013; Petrov, Alexander/I-7865-2013 OI Field, Robert/0000-0002-7609-4205; Skripnikov, Leonid/0000-0002-2062-684X; Titov, Anatoly/0000-0002-9139-8258; Mosyagin, Nikolai/0000-0002-9158-494X; Petrov, Alexander/0000-0003-1342-3160 FU NSF; NIST; Marsico Foundation; NSF Grant [CHE-1058709]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science [07.514.11.4141] FX Funding for the work at JILA was provided by the NSF, NIST and the Marsico Foundation. We thank R. Stutz, H. Loh, F. Adler, and M.J. Thorpe for many useful discussions. RWF acknowledges support from NSF Grant CHE-1058709. Funding for the work at PNPI was provided by Russian Ministry of Education and Science, contract #07.514.11.4141 (2012-2013). LS is grateful also to the Dmitry Zimin "Dynasty" Foundation. The molecular calculations were performed at the Supercomputer "Lomonosov". NR 69 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 12 PY 2012 VL 546 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.06.037 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 000SC UT WOS:000308407400001 ER PT J AU Phillips, LF Nesbitt, DJ AF Phillips, Leon F. Nesbitt, David J. TI A 'hot-spot' model for impulsive scattering at the gas-liquid interface SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE-RESOLVED SCATTERING; INCIDENT COLLISION ENERGY; CO2 SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE; SURFACE AB Scattering of jet-cooled molecules by non-metallic liquids, and molecular dynamics simulations of scattering by self-assembled-monolayers (SAMs) lead to remarkably similar values of the rotational and translational temperatures of the scattered molecules. We explore whether this might reflect a transient equilibration of the molecules with microscopic 'hot-spots' created by the collision. Calculations of surface temperature for non-metallic liquids and SAMs as a function of time and distance from the impact suggest that collisions with the randomly bumpy surface should result in similar rotational and translational temperatures of the scattered molecules, but the high thermal conductivity of liquid metals makes such 'hot spots' too short-lived to be relevant. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Phillips, LF (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. EM leon.phillips@canterbury.ac.nz FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with additional support from the National Science Foundation. L.F.P. gratefully acknowledges the National Institute for Standards and Technology for the award of a JILA Visiting Fellowship. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 12 PY 2012 VL 546 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.07.058 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 000SC UT WOS:000308407400009 ER PT J AU Dunne, JP Hales, B Toggweiler, JR AF Dunne, John P. Hales, Burke Toggweiler, J. R. TI Global calcite cycling constrained by sediment preservation controls SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; DEEP-SEA; CARBON FLUXES; DISSOLUTION; CACO3; PHYTOPLANKTON; CO2 AB We assess the global balance of calcite export through the water column and burial in sediments as it varies regionally. We first drive a comprehensive 1-D model for sediment calcite preservation with globally gridded field observations and satellite-based syntheses. We then reformulate this model into a simpler five-parameter box model, and combine it with algorithms for surface calcite export and water column dissolution for a single expression for the vertical calcite balance. The resulting metamodel is optimized to fit the observed distributions of calcite burial flux. We quantify the degree to which calcite export, saturation state, organic carbon respiration, and lithogenic sedimentation modulate the burial of calcite. We find that 46% of burial and 88% of dissolution occurs in sediments overlain by undersaturated bottom water with sediment calcite burial strongly modulated by surface export. Relative to organic carbon export, we find surface calcite export skewed geographically toward relatively warm, oligotrophic areas dominated by small, prokaryotic phytoplankton. We assess century-scale projected impacts of warming and acidification on calcite export, finding high sensitive to inferred saturation state controls. With respect to long-term glacial cycling, our analysis supports the hypothesis that strong glacial abyssal stratification drives the lysocline toward much closer correspondence with the saturation horizon. Our analysis suggests that, over the transition from interglacial to glacial ocean, a resulting similar to 0.029 PgC a(-1) decrease in deep Atlantic, Indian and Southern Ocean calcite burial leads to slow increase in ocean alkalinity until Pacific mid-depth calcite burial increases to compensate. C1 [Dunne, John P.; Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunne, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.dunne@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489 FU NOAA's GFDL; NSF FX We would like to thank NOAA's GFDL for supporting Toggweiler and Dunne, and NSF for supporting Hales. Eun Young Kwon, Anand Gnanadesikan, Jorge Sarmiento, Wolfgang Koeve, Eric Sundquist, Jess Adkins and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable criticism on the manuscript. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 12 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB3023 DI 10.1029/2010GB003935 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007MS UT WOS:000308893000001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XL Liu, JM Parker, ET Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL de Gouw, JA Flynn, JH Grossberg, N Lefer, BL Weber, RJ AF Zhang, Xiaolu Liu, Jiumeng Parker, Eric T. Hayes, Patrick L. Jimenez, Jose L. de Gouw, Joost A. Flynn, James H. Grossberg, Nicole Lefer, Barry L. Weber, Rodney J. TI On the gas-particle partitioning of soluble organic aerosol in two urban atmospheres with contrasting emissions: 1. Bulk water-soluble organic carbon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LIQUID PHASE-SEPARATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MEXICO-CITY; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; AQUEOUS PARTICLES; OXALIC-ACID; SECONDARY AB The partitioning of semi-volatile compounds between the gas and particle phase influences the mass, size and chemical composition of the secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formed. Here we investigate the partitioning of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and the formation of SOA in Los Angeles (LA), California and Atlanta, Georgia; urban regions where anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are dominated by vehicles, but are contrasted by an additional large source of biogenic VOCs exclusive to Atlanta. In Atlanta, evidence for WSOC partitioning to aerosol water is observed throughout the day, but is most prevalent in the morning. During drier periods (RH < 70%), the WSOC partitioning coefficient (F-p) was in proportion to the organic mass, suggesting that both particle water and organic aerosol (OA) can serve as an absorbing phase. In contrast, despite the higher average RH, in LA the aerosol water was not an important absorbing phase, instead, F-p was correlated with OA mass. Particle water concentrations from thermodynamic predictions based on measured inorganic aerosol components do not indicate significant differences in aerosol hygroscopicity. The observed different WSOC partitioning behaviors may be attributed to the contrasting VOC mixture between the two cities. In addition, different OA composition may also play a role, as Atlanta OA is expected to have a substantially more aged regional character. These results are consistent with our companion studies that find similar partitioning differences for formic acid and additional contrasts in SOA optical properties. The findings provide direct evidence for SOA formation through an equilibrium partitioning process. C1 [Zhang, Xiaolu; Liu, Jiumeng; Parker, Eric T.; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Flynn, James H.; Grossberg, Nicole; Lefer, Barry L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM xzhang3@gatech.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Zhang, Xiaolu/F-9190-2011; Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0802237, ATM-0931492]; CARB [08-319]; DOE (BER/ASR Program) [DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711]; CIRES Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowship; NOAA's Climate Change and Health of the Atmosphere programs FX The Georgia Tech investigators were funded through National Science Foundation grants ATM-0802237 and ATM-0931492. P.L.H. and J.L.J. were supported by CARB 08-319 and DOE (BER/ASR Program DE-SC0006035 and DE-SC0006711). P.L.H. acknowledges a CIRES Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowship. The NOAA work was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Health of the Atmosphere programs. The authors thank John Seinfeld, Rick Flagan, Jochen Stutz, Jason Surratt and the California Institute of Technology for logistical help and use of the CalNex site, and the California Air Resources Board for providing the buildings, sampling structures and electrical services. The authors also thank Eric S. Edgerton for providing meteorological and trace gas data from the SEARCH site. NR 90 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V16 DI 10.1029/2012JD017908 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007LW UT WOS:000308890800001 ER PT J AU Chae, JS Jung, S Young, AF Dean, CR Wang, L Gao, YD Watanabe, K Taniguchi, T Hone, J Shepard, KL Kim, P Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA AF Chae, Jungseok Jung, Suyong Young, Andrea F. Dean, Cory R. Wang, Lei Gao, Yuanda Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Hone, James Shepard, Kenneth L. Kim, Phillip Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Renormalization of the Graphene Dispersion Velocity Determined from Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BORON-NITRIDE; BERRYS PHASE; FERMI-LIQUID; QUANTUM; LOCALIZATION; MICROSCOPY AB In graphene, as in most metals, electron-electron interactions renormalize the properties of electrons but leave them behaving like noninteracting quasiparticles. Many measurements probe the renormalized properties of electrons right at the Fermi energy. Uniquely for graphene, the accessibility of the electrons at the surface offers the opportunity to use scanned probe techniques to examine the effect of interactions at energies away from the Fermi energy, over a broad range of densities, and on a local scale. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we show that electron interactions leave the graphene energy dispersion linear as a function of excitation energy for energies within +/- 200 meV of the Fermi energy. However, the measured dispersion velocity depends on density and increases strongly as the density approaches zero near the charge neutrality point, revealing a squeezing of the Dirac cone due to interactions. C1 [Chae, Jungseok; Jung, Suyong; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chae, Jungseok; Jung, Suyong] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20472 USA. [Jung, Suyong] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Young, Andrea F.; Kim, Phillip] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dean, Cory R.; Shepard, Kenneth L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dean, Cory R.; Wang, Lei; Gao, Yuanda; Hone, James] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Chae, JS (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nikolai.zhitenev@nist.gov; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Young, Andrea/H-9697-2012; Wang, Lei/K-1160-2012; Kim, Philip/N-1886-2013; WATANABE, Kenji/H-2825-2011; Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014; TANIGUCHI, Takashi/H-2718-2011; OI Young, Andrea/0000-0001-5954-8028; WATANABE, Kenji/0000-0003-3701-8119; Wang, Lei/0000-0002-1919-9107 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; AFOSR MURI; FCRP [C2S2]; FENA; NRI INDEX program FX We thank S. Das Sarma, S. Adam, and M. D. Stiles for valuable discussions and S. Blankenship and A. Band for technical assistance. J. C. and S. J. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Columbia work is supported by AFOSR MURI, and FCRP through C2S2 and FENA. P. K. and A. Y. F. thank NRI INDEX program for their support. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 11 AR 116802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.116802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 003DK UT WOS:000308588200009 PM 23005662 ER PT J AU Karl, TR Katz, RW AF Karl, Thomas R. Katz, Richard W. TI A new face for climate dice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Karl, Thomas R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Katz, Richard W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Inst Math Appl Geosci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Karl, TR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM thomas.r.karl@noaa.gov RI Katz, Richard/K-4133-2012 OI Katz, Richard/0000-0002-0267-8953 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 37 BP 14720 EP 14721 DI 10.1073/pnas.1211721109 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012AP UT WOS:000309208000015 PM 22908281 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Langridge, JM Bahreini, R Cappa, CD Middlebrook, AM Schwarz, JP AF Lack, Daniel A. Langridge, Justin M. Bahreini, Roya Cappa, Christopher D. Middlebrook, Ann M. Schwarz, Joshua P. TI Brown carbon and internal mixing in biomass burning particles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE forest fire; climate; tar balls ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; ENHANCEMENT; DEPENDENCE; SMOKE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Biomass burning (BB) contributes large amounts of black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) to the atmosphere and contributes significantly to the earth's radiation balance. BB particles can be a complicated optical system, with scattering and absorption contributions from BC, internal mixtures of BC and POM, and wavelength-dependent absorption of POM. Large amounts of POM can also be externally mixed. We report on the unique ability of multi-wavelength photo-acoustic measurements of dry and thermal-denuded absorption to deconstruct this complicated wavelength-dependent system of absorption and mixing. Optical measurements of BB particles from the Four Mile Canyon fire near Boulder, Colorado, showed that internal mixtures of BC and POM enhanced absorption by up to 70%. The data supports the assumption that the POM was very weakly absorbing at 532 nm. Enhanced absorption at 404 nm was in excess of 200% above BC absorption and varied as POM mass changed, indicative of absorbing POM. Absorption by internal mixing of BC and POM contributed 19(+/- 8)% to total 404-nm absorption, while BC alone contributed 54(+/- 16)%. Approximately 83% of POM mass was externally mixed, the absorption of which contributed 27(+/- 15)% to total particle absorption (at 404 nm). The imaginary refractive index and mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of POM at 404 nm changed throughout the sampling period and were found to be 0.007 +/- 0.005 and 0.82 +/- 0.43 m(2) g(-1), respectively. Our analysis shows that the MAE of POM can be biased high by up to 50% if absorption from internal mixing of POM and BC is not included. C1 [Lack, Daniel A.; Langridge, Justin M.; Bahreini, Roya; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Schwarz, Joshua P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.; Langridge, Justin M.; Bahreini, Roya; Schwarz, Joshua P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM Daniel.Lack@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program; National Center for Environmental Research, US Environmental Protection Agency [RD834558] FX Thanks to Charles Brock and Daniel Murphy (NOAA) for useful discussions. Funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program. C.D.C. acknowledges additional financial support from the National Center for Environmental Research, US Environmental Protection Agency (RD834558). NR 56 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 13 U2 154 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 37 BP 14802 EP 14807 DI 10.1073/pnas.1206575109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012AP UT WOS:000309208000027 PM 22927381 ER PT J AU Bhangale, AS Beers, KL Gross, RA AF Bhangale, Atul S. Beers, Kathryn L. Gross, Richard A. TI Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization of End-Functionalized Polymers in a Microreactor SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA; IMMOBILIZATION; STABILIZATION; BIOCATALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM; LACTONE; SYSTEM AB An enzyme packed microreactor was compared with a batch reactor system to determine effects of reaction water content on immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (Novozyme 435, N435) reusability, efficiency of end-group functionalization, apparent monomer conversion rate constants (k(app)), average molar mass (M-n), and leaching of Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) from Lewatit macroporous beads. Conversion of epsilon-caprolactone to poly(epsilon-caprolactone), PCL, using benzyl alcohol for end-functionalization, was the model system for studies conducted herein. The apparent rate constant in microreactor (k(app) = 0.027 s(-1)) was 27 times larger than in batch reactor (k(app) = 0.001 s(-1)). Furthermore, in microreactor, the M-n vs conversion plots for "dry" and "water saturated" conditions were similar. In contrast, under "water saturated" conditions in a batch reactor, M-n is much lower. Moreover, at both high and low water content, higher end-group functionalization was achieved for polymerizations in microreactor (0.75 to >= 0.98) as compared to batch reactor. (0.2). Also, microreactors run for 30 cycles under "dry" or "water saturated" conditions gave product where the fraction of benzyl ester groups on chains remains high, between 80 and 90%. In contrast, in the "water saturated" batch system, the fraction of benzyl ester terminal groups remains at about 0.30 throughout all 11 reaction cycles. These results led to the conclusion that the microreactor design results in effectively "dry" conditions even when reactants are "water saturated". CALB leaching during 7, 18, and 25 reaction cycles in microreactor steadily increased from 10 to 15 and 22%. However, at 30 cycles, CALB leaching disproportionaly increased to 76% without apparent physical deterioration of beads. Comparative results in batch reactors for all experiments above are reported and discussed. C1 [Bhangale, Atul S.; Gross, Richard A.] Polytech Inst NYU, Ctr Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Beers, Kathryn L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gross, RA (reprint author), Polytech Inst NYU, Ctr Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM rgross@poly.edu FU NSF center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing at NYU-POLY FX A.B. and R.G. acknowledge the NSF center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing at NYU-POLY for its financial support. Equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in the paper in order to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 17 BP 7000 EP 7008 DI 10.1021/ma301178k PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 009GM UT WOS:000309014000027 ER PT J AU Xie, WJ Hitchcock, DA Kang, HJ He, J Tang, XF Laver, M Hammouda, B AF Xie, Wenjie Hitchcock, Dale A. Kang, Hye J. He, Jian Tang, Xinfeng Laver, Mark Hammouda, Boualem TI The microstructure network and thermoelectric properties of bulk (Bi,Sb)(2)Te-3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MERIT; NANOSTRUCTURES; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; FIGURE AB We report small-angle neutron scattering studies on the microstructure network in bulk (Bi,Sb)(2)Te-3 synthesized by the melt-spinning (MS) and the spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) process. We find that rough interfaces of multiscale microstructures generated by the MS are responsible for the large reduction of both lattice thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Our study also finds that subsequent SPS forms a microstructure network of similar to 10 nm thick lamellae and smooth interfaces between them. This nanoscale microstructure network with smooth interfaces increases electrical conductivity while keeping a low thermal conductivity, making it an ideal microstructure for high thermoelectric efficiency. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752110] C1 [Xie, Wenjie; Hitchcock, Dale A.; Kang, Hye J.; He, Jian] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Xie, Wenjie; Tang, Xinfeng] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Laver, Mark] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Laver, Mark] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nanosci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Laver, Mark] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kang, HJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM hkang70@clemson.edu; tangxf@whut.eud.cn RI XIE, WENJIE/G-5049-2011 OI XIE, WENJIE/0000-0003-1826-7574 FU DOE/EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER-46139]; SC EPSCoR cost sharing program; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB607501]; International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China [2011DFB60150]; 111 Project of China [B07040]; Dan Scatt; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The work at Clemson University was supported by DOE/EPSCoR Implementation Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER-46139 and the SC EPSCoR cost sharing program. The work at Wuhan University of Technology was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB607501), the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant No. 2011DFB60150), and the 111 Project of China (Grant No. B07040). M.L. acknowledges support from Dan Scatt. The neutron scattering work at NIST was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 11 AR 113902 DI 10.1063/1.4752110 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 013TR UT WOS:000309329300092 ER PT J AU France, K Schindhelm, E Herczeg, GJ Brown, A Abgrall, H Alexander, RD Bergin, EA Brown, JM Linsky, JL Roueff, E Yang, H AF France, Kevin Schindhelm, Eric Herczeg, Gregory J. Brown, Alexander Abgrall, Herve Alexander, Richard D. Bergin, Edwin A. Brown, Joanna M. Linsky, Jeffrey L. Roueff, Evelyne Yang, Hao TI A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SURVEY OF H-2 EMISSION IN THE CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENTS OF YOUNG STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence; ultraviolet: planetary systems ID T-TAURI-STARS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN EMISSION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; NE-II EMISSION; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; ETA-CHAMAELEONTIS CLUSTER; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET CONTINUUM; CO FUNDAMENTAL EMISSION; 4TH POSITIVE EMISSION; PLANET-FORMING ZONES AB The formation timescale and final architecture of exoplanetary systems are closely related to the properties of the molecular disks from which they form. Observations of the spatial distribution and lifetime of the molecular gas at planet-forming radii (a < 10 AU) are important for understanding the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Toward this end, we present the largest spectrally resolved survey of H-2 emission around low-mass pre-main-sequence stars compiled to date. We use a combination of new and archival far-ultraviolet spectra from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instruments on the Hubble Space Telescope to sample 34 T Tauri stars (27 actively accreting Classical T Tauri Stars and 7 non-accreting Weak-lined T Tauri Stars) with ages ranging from similar to 1 to 10 Myr. We observe fluorescent H-2 emission, excited by Ly alpha photons, in 100% of the accreting sources, including all of the transitional disks in our sample (CS Cha, DM Tau, GM Aur, UX Tau A, LkCa 15, HD 135344B, and TW Hya). The spatial distribution of the emitting gas is inferred from spectrally resolved H-2 line profiles. Some of the emitting gas is produced in outflowing material, but the majority of H-2 emission appears to originate in a rotating disk. For the disk-dominated targets, the H-2 emission originates predominately at a less than or similar to 3 AU. The emission line widths and inner molecular radii are found to be roughly consistent with those measured from mid-IR CO spectra. C1 [France, Kevin; Schindhelm, Eric; Brown, Alexander] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herczeg, Gregory J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Abgrall, Herve; Roueff, Evelyne] Observ Paris, LUTH, Sect Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Abgrall, Herve; Roueff, Evelyne] Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8102, Sect Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Alexander, Richard D.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Bergin, Edwin A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Joanna M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yang, Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Astrophys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.france@colorado.edu RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014; OI Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333; Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 FU Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through an Advanced Fellowship [ST/G00711X/1]; NASA [NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, 11533, 12036, NAS 5-26555]; HST GO [8041, 11616, 11828, 12361] FX We thank Tom Ayres for custom processing of the STIS observations and the DAO of Tau team for enjoyable discussions during the course of this work. K. F. thanks Phil Armitage for helpful discussion regarding gas giant migration. We acknowledge the technical efforts of Nico Nell and David Morris, and E. S. and K. F. thank Brian Wood for input on Ly alpha profile reconstruction. R. D. A. acknowledges support from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through an Advanced Fellowship (ST/G00711X/1). This work was supported by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder (HST programs 11533 and 12036) and made use of data from HST GO programs 8041, 11616, 11828, and 12361.; Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. NR 144 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 756 IS 2 AR 171 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/171 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009TN UT WOS:000309048200067 ER PT J AU Levinson, A AF Levinson, Amir TI OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF SUB-PHOTOSPHERIC RADIATION-MEDIATED SHOCKS IN THE PROMPT PHASE OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general; radiation mechanisms: general; shock waves ID EMISSION; SUPERNOVAE; EFFICIENCY; BREAKOUTS; COMPONENT; FLARES; ENERGY AB A shock that forms below the photosphere of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) outflow is mediated by Compton scattering of radiation advected into the shock by the upstream fluid. The characteristic scale of such a shock, a few Thomson depths, is larger than any kinetic scale involved by several orders of magnitude. Hence, unlike collisionless shocks, radiation-mediated shocks cannot accelerate particles to nonthermal energies. The spectrum emitted by a shock that emerges from the photosphere of a GRB jet reflects the temperature profile downstream of the shock, with a possible contribution at the highest energies from the shock transition layer itself. We study the properties of radiation-mediated shocks that form during the prompt phase of GRBs and compute the time-integrated spectrum emitted by the shocked fluid following shock breakout. We show that the time-integrated emission from a single shock exhibits a prominent thermal peak, with the location of the peak depending on the shock velocity profile. We also point out that multiple shock emission can produce a spectrum that mimics a Band spectrum. C1 [Levinson, Amir] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Levinson, Amir] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Levinson, Amir] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Levinson, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM Levinson@wise.tau.ac.il FU ISF FX I thank Mitch Begelman, David Eichler, and Ehud Nakar for enlightening discussions. This research was supported by an ISF grant for the Israeli Center for High Energy Astrophysics. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 756 IS 2 AR 174 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/174 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009TN UT WOS:000309048200070 ER PT J AU Li, J Paraoanu, GS Cicak, K Altomare, F Park, JI Simmonds, RW Sillanpaa, MA Hakonen, PJ AF Li, Jian Paraoanu, G. S. Cicak, Katarina Altomare, Fabio Park, Jae I. Simmonds, Raymond W. Sillanpaa, Mika A. Hakonen, Pertti J. TI Dynamical Autler-Townes control of a phase qubit SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOM; CAVITY AB Routers, switches, and repeaters are essential components of modern information-processing systems. Similar devices will be needed in future superconducting quantum computers. In this work we investigate experimentally the time evolution of Autler-Townes splitting in a superconducting phase qubit under the application of a control tone resonantly coupled to the second transition. A three-level model that includes independently determined parameters for relaxation and dephasing gives excellent agreement with the experiment. The results demonstrate that the qubit can be used as a ON/OFF switch with 100 ns operating time-scale for the reflection/transmission of photons coming from an applied probe microwave tone. The ON state is realized when the control tone is sufficiently strong to generate an Autler-Townes doublet, suppressing the absorption of the probe tone photons and resulting in a maximum of transmission. C1 [Li, Jian; Paraoanu, G. S.; Sillanpaa, Mika A.; Hakonen, Pertti J.] Aalto Univ, OV Lounasmaa Lab, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Cicak, Katarina; Altomare, Fabio; Park, Jae I.; Simmonds, Raymond W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Aalto Univ, OV Lounasmaa Lab, POB 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. EM jian.li@aalto.fi RI Hakonen, Pertti/E-7688-2012; Sillanpaa, Mika/A-3554-2013; Paraoanu, Gheorghe/F-9142-2013; Li, Jian/J-8081-2014 OI Hakonen, Pertti/0000-0002-8247-4108; Paraoanu, Gheorghe/0000-0003-0057-7275; FU Academy of Finland [129896, 118122, 130058, 135135, 141559]; National Graduate School of Material Physics; NIST; European Research Council (StG) FX We acknowledge financial support from the Academy of Finland (nos. 129896, 118122, 130058, 135135, and 141559), from the National Graduate School of Material Physics, from NIST, and from the European Research Council (StG). NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 645 DI 10.1038/srep00645 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 006FZ UT WOS:000308806200003 PM 22966420 ER PT J AU Ferdous, F Miao, HX Wang, PH Leaird, DE Srinivasan, K Chen, L Aksyuk, V Weiner, AM AF Ferdous, Fahmida Miao, Houxun Wang, Pei-Hsun Leaird, Daniel E. Srinivasan, Kartik Chen, Lei Aksyuk, Vladimir Weiner, Andrew M. TI Probing coherence in microcavity frequency combs via optical pulse shaping SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; CHIP; MICRORESONATOR; RESONATOR AB Recent investigations of microcavity frequency combs based on cascaded four-wave mixing have revealed a link between the evolution of the optical spectrum and the observed temporal coherence. Here we study a silicon nitride microresonator for which the initial four-wave mixing sidebands are spaced by multiple free spectral ranges (FSRs) from the pump. Additional lines then fill in to yield a comb with single FSR spacing, resulting in partial coherence. By using a pulse shaper to select and manipulate the phase of various subsets of spectral lines, we are able to probe the structure of the coherence within the partially coherent comb. Our data demonstrate strong variation in the degree of mutual coherence between different groups of lines and provide support for a simple model of partially coherent comb formation. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Ferdous, Fahmida; Wang, Pei-Hsun; Leaird, Daniel E.; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Chen, Lei; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ferdous, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM fferdous@purdue.edu RI Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013; OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1102110]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0236]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant ECCS-1102110 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant FA9550-12-1-0236. We gratefully acknowledge Jian Wang for the autocorrelator setup. Dr. Houxun Miao acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 19 BP 21033 EP 21043 DI 10.1364/OE.20.021033 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 007CE UT WOS:000308865600047 PM 23037227 ER PT J AU Gadzuk, JW AF Gadzuk, J. W. TI The road to hot electron photochemistry at surfaces: A personal recollection SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; STIMULATED DESORPTION; METAL-SURFACES; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULE-SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; LASER-PULSES; RESONANCES; DYNAMICS AB A very important part of contemporary fs-laser surface photochemistry (SPC) is based on a proposed mechanism in which a laser pulse incident upon an adsorbate-covered surface photoexcites substrate electrons which in turn inelastically scatter from atoms and molecules (chemists may call them "reactants") in or on the surface. The present narrative outlines my own very personal SPC saga that began with early exposure to the wonders of and fascination with inelastic resonant electron scattering from gas phase atoms and molecules that dominated the Atomic and Electron Physics activities at NBS (now NIST) in 1968 when I arrived. How this lead to a fundamental understanding of important aspects of SPC is the focus of this essay. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4746800] C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gadzuk, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 109 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 9 AR 091703 DI 10.1063/1.4746800 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 010JZ UT WOS:000309092000005 PM 22957545 ER PT J AU Petrov, A Tiesinga, E Kotochigova, S AF Petrov, Alexander Tiesinga, Eite Kotochigova, Svetlana TI Anisotropy-Induced Feshbach Resonances in a Quantum Dipolar Gas of Highly Magnetic Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD GASES; MOLECULES; STATES AB We explore the anisotropic nature of Feshbach resonances in the collision between ultracold highly magnetic submerged-shell dysprosium atoms in their energetically lowest magnetic sublevel, which can only occur due to couplings to rotating bound states. This is in contrast to well-studied alkali-metal atom collisions, where broadest (strongest) Feshbach resonances are hyperfine induced and due to rotationless bound states. Our first-principle coupled-channel calculation of the collisions between these spin-polarized bosonic dysprosium atoms reveals a strong interplay between the anisotropies in the dispersion and magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. The former anisotropy is absent in alkali-metal and chromium collisions. We show that both types of anisotropy significantly affect the Feshbach spectrum as a function of an external magnetic field. Effects of the electrostatic quadrupole-quadrupole interaction are small. Over a 20 mT magnetic field range, we predict about 10 Feshbach resonances and show that the resonance locations depend on the dysprosium isotope. C1 [Petrov, Alexander; Kotochigova, Svetlana] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Petrov, Alexander] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Petrov, Alexander] St Petersburg State Univ, Div Quantum Mech, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Kotochigova, S (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM skotoch@temple.edu RI Petrov, Alexander/I-7865-2013 OI Petrov, Alexander/0000-0003-1342-3160 FU AFOSR; NSF; ARO FX We acknowledge support from grants of the AFOSR, NSF, and ARO. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 10 AR 103002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.103002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 001KG UT WOS:000308458900005 PM 23005285 ER PT J AU Wilson, RM Ticknor, C Bohn, JL Timmermans, E AF Wilson, Ryan M. Ticknor, Christopher Bohn, John L. Timmermans, Eddy TI Roton immiscibility in a two-component dipolar Bose gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; TRAPPED GASES; ATOMS; MOLECULES AB We characterize the immiscibility-miscibility transition (IMT) of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with dipole-dipole interactions. In particular, we consider the quasi-two-dimensional geometry, where a strong trapping potential admits only zero-point motion in the trap direction, while the atoms are more free to move in the transverse directions. We employ the Bogoliubov treatment of the two-component system to identify both the well-known long-wavelength IMT in addition to a rotonlike IMT, where the transition occurs at finite-wave number and is reminiscent of the roton softening in the single-component dipolar BEC. Additionally, we verify the existence of the roton IMT in the fully trapped, finite systems by direct numerical simulation of the two-component coupled nonlocal Gross-Pitaevskii equations. C1 [Wilson, Ryan M.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wilson, Ryan M.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ticknor, Christopher; Timmermans, Eddy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, RM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ticknor, Christopher/B-8651-2014; OI Ticknor, Christopher/0000-0001-9972-4524 FU NSF; Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC); LANL; NNSA of the US DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX R.M.W. and J. L. B. acknowledge financial support from the NSF. C. T. acknowledges support from the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC). C. T. and E. T. acknowledge support from LANL, which is operated by LANS, LLC for the NNSA of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 AR 033606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.033606 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 001KI UT WOS:000308459100013 ER PT J AU McDole, T Nulton, J Barott, KL Felts, B Hand, C Hatay, M Lee, H Nadon, MO Nosrat, B Salamon, P Bailey, B Sandin, SA Vargas-Angel, B Youle, M Zgliczynski, BJ Brainard, RE Rohwer, F AF McDole, Tracey Nulton, James Barott, Katie L. Felts, Ben Hand, Carol Hatay, Mark Lee, Hochul Nadon, Marc O. Nosrat, Bahador Salamon, Peter Bailey, Barbara Sandin, Stuart A. Vargas-Angel, Bernardo Youle, Merry Zgliczynski, Brian J. Brainard, Russell E. Rohwer, Forest TI Assessing Coral Reefs on a Pacific-Wide Scale Using the Microbialization Score SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; FISH-ASSEMBLAGE; BASE-LINES; BACTERIA; PHYTOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEMS; ENRICHMENT; STRESSORS; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB The majority of the world's coral reefs are in various stages of decline. While a suite of disturbances (overfishing, eutrophication, and global climate change) have been identified, the mechanism(s) of reef system decline remain elusive. Increased microbial and viral loading with higher percentages of opportunistic and specific microbial pathogens have been identified as potentially unifying features of coral reefs in decline. Due to their relative size and high per cell activity, a small change in microbial biomass may signal a large reallocation of available energy in an ecosystem; that is the microbialization of the coral reef. Our hypothesis was that human activities alter the energy budget of the reef system, specifically by altering the allocation of metabolic energy between microbes and macrobes. To determine if this is occurring on a regional scale, we calculated the basal metabolic rates for the fish and microbial communities at 99 sites on twenty-nine coral islands throughout the Pacific Ocean using previously established scaling relationships. From these metabolic rate predictions, we derived a new metric for assessing and comparing reef health called the microbialization score. The microbialization score represents the percentage of the combined fish and microbial predicted metabolic rate that is microbial. Our results demonstrate a strong positive correlation between reef microbialization scores and human impact. In contrast, microbialization scores did not significantly correlate with ocean net primary production, local chla concentrations, or the combined metabolic rate of the fish and microbial communities. These findings support the hypothesis that human activities are shifting energy to the microbes, at the expense of the macrobes. Regardless of oceanographic context, the microbialization score is a powerful metric for assessing the level of human impact a reef system is experiencing. C1 [McDole, Tracey; Barott, Katie L.; Hatay, Mark; Nosrat, Bahador; Youle, Merry; Rohwer, Forest] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Nulton, James; Felts, Ben; Hand, Carol; Lee, Hochul; Salamon, Peter; Bailey, Barbara] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Vargas-Angel, Bernardo; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Sandin, Stuart A.; Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nadon, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP McDole, T (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM tsmcdole@yahoo.com OI Barott, Katie/0000-0001-7371-4870 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0927415]; CIFAR [LTRDTD62207] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) (OCE-0927415) and a grant from CIFAR (LTRDTD62207). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e43233 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0043233 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 001LK UT WOS:000308462000001 PM 22970122 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS Volkmer, H AF Cohl, H. S. Volkmer, H. TI Eigenfunction expansions for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on R-3 in parabolic and elliptic cylinder coordinates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article AB A fundamental solution of Laplace's equation in three dimensions is expanded in harmonic functions that are separated in parabolic or elliptic cylinder coordinates. There are two expansions in each case which reduce to expansions of the Bessel functions J(0)(kr) or K-0(kr), r(2) = (x-x(0))(2) +(y-y(0))(2), in parabolic and elliptic cylinder harmonics. Advantage is taken of the fact that K-0(kr) is a fundamental solution and J(0)(kr) is the Riemann function of partial differential equations on the Euclidean plane. C1 [Cohl, H. S.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Volkmer, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hcohl@nist.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 35 AR 355204 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/45/35/355204 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 996EH UT WOS:000308066800009 ER PT J AU Ermgassen, PSEZ Spalding, MD Blake, B Coen, LD Dumbauld, B Geiger, S Grabowski, JH Grizzle, R Luckenbach, M McGraw, K Rodney, W Ruesink, JL Powers, SP Brumbaugh, R AF Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu Spalding, Mark D. Blake, Brady Coen, Loren D. Dumbauld, Brett Geiger, Steve Grabowski, Jonathan H. Grizzle, Raymond Luckenbach, Mark McGraw, Kay Rodney, William Ruesink, Jennifer L. Powers, Sean P. Brumbaugh, Robert TI Historical ecology with real numbers: past and present extent and biomass of an imperilled estuarine habitat SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE shifting baseline; Crassostrea virginica; Ostrea lurida; native oyster; United States ID OYSTER REEFS; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; DELAWARE BAY; SURVEY MODE; FISHERIES; COLLAPSE; FOREST; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; DEGRADATION AB Historic baselines are important in developing our understanding of ecosystems in the face of rapid global change. While a number of studies have sought to determine changes in extent of exploited habitats over historic timescales, few have quantified such changes prior to late twentieth century baselines. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first ever large-scale quantitative assessment of the extent and biomass of marine habitat-forming species over a 100-year time frame. We examined records of wild native oyster abundance in the United States from a historic, yet already exploited, baseline between 1878 and 1935 (predominantly 1885-1915), and a current baseline between 1968 and 2010 (predominantly 2000-2010). We quantified the extent of oyster grounds in 39 estuaries historically and 51 estuaries from recent times. Data from 24 estuaries allowed comparison of historic to present extent and biomass. We found evidence for a 64 per cent decline in the spatial extent of oyster habitat and an 88 per cent decline in oyster biomass over time. The difference between these two numbers illustrates that current areal extent measures may be masking significant loss of habitat through degradation. C1 [Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu; Spalding, Mark D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Global Marine Team, Nat Conservancy, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Blake, Brady] Washington State Dept Fish & Wildlife, Point Whitney Shellfish Lab, Brinnon, WA 98320 USA. [Coen, Loren D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Dumbauld, Brett] ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Geiger, Steve] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Grabowski, Jonathan H.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Grizzle, Raymond] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Luckenbach, Mark] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [McGraw, Kay] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rodney, William] Dickinson Marine Lab, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Dickinson, TX 77539 USA. [Ruesink, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Powers, Sean P.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Brumbaugh, Robert] Nature Conservancy, Big Pine Key, FL 33042 USA. RP Ermgassen, PSEZ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Global Marine Team, Nat Conservancy, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM philine.zuermgassen@cantab.net FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2009-0078-000]; National Partnership [NA07NMF4630136, NA10NMF463008]; TNC-Shell Partnership; Turner Foundation, Inc. FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (award no. 2009-0078-000) and by the National Partnership between The Nature Conservancy and NOAA's Community-based Restoration Programme (award nos. NA07NMF4630136 and NA10NMF463008). Additional funding support for the project was provided by the TNC-Shell Partnership and The Turner Foundation, Inc. We thank the large number of individuals who shared their oyster knowledge including: P. Banks, B. Allen, K. Ashton-Alcox, B. Balboa, G. Ballance, J. Berriman, S. Bosarge, D. Bushek, J. Byers, W. Carzonier, B. Corley, M.-L. Cumberpatch, M. Gray, N. Hadley, B. Hancock, D. Harris, J. Harper, L. Hartman, J. Hermann, M. Kennish, P. Kingsley-Smith, H. Lane, M. Latta, R. Mann, F. Martinez-Andrade, S. Morlock, J. Normant, R. Obernolte, K. Paynter, B. Peabody, M. Polson, M. Reich, J. Rohrer, P.G. Ross, K. Schulte, K. Ward, J. Simons, T. Soniat, E. Weissberger, R. Walker and D. Zacherl. NR 64 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 70 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1742 BP 3393 EP 3400 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.0313 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 979PL UT WOS:000306832100003 ER PT J AU Hill, S AF Hill, Spencer TI Atmosphere, Clouds, and Climate SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hill, Spencer] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hill, Spencer] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Hill, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 201 Forrestal Rd,Suite 308B, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM spencerh@princeton.edu RI Hill, Spencer/D-4445-2014 OI Hill, Spencer/0000-0001-8672-0671 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 337 IS 6099 BP 1175 EP 1175 DI 10.1126/science.1225615 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 000UJ UT WOS:000308414000019 ER PT J AU Boughton, DA Hatch, C Mora, E AF Boughton, David A. Hatch, Christine Mora, Ethan TI Identifying distinct thermal components of a creek SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STREAM TEMPERATURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; WATER-TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; RIVER NETWORK; HABITAT; CALIFORNIA AB Statistical and heat budget methods for analyzing temperature dynamics of creeks are limited by the ability to resolve thermal processes and fine-grained thermal structures, respectively. Here we describe a hybrid method that identifies distinct thermal components in a stream's heat budget using only temperature data and an algorithm that employs mutual information to "unmix" signals in the temperature data. Spatial resolution is limited only by the number of temperature-logging sensors, which can be quite high for distributed-temperature sensors. Process resolution is at the level of thermal components, defined as distinct collections of heat flux elements sharing coordinated (nonindependent) dynamics. Inference can be used to relate thermal components to meteorological forcing and structural heterogeneity in the fluvial system and to suggest novel hypotheses for further testing with targeted heat budget studies. Applying the method to a small, arid-land creek produced two novel hypotheses: (1) lateral conduction of heat from adjacent dry land (bed, terraces) appeared to cause a substantial heating of the stream, augmented by off-channel flow paths, and (2) riparian vegetation was associated with a subtraction of heat from the stream at a rate proportionate to solar insolation, exceeding the maximum decoupling effect of shade by at least 2 degrees C at midday, and suggesting upwelling heat flux from water to tree canopy proportional to sunlight. The method appears useful for generating new hypotheses, for selecting informative sites for detailed heat budgets, for determining the dimensionality of heat budgets in natural streams, and more broadly for associating thermal components to fluvial structure and processes. C1 [Boughton, David A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Boughton, David A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hatch, Christine] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mora, Ethan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Joint Inst Marine Observat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Boughton, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 6 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W09506 DI 10.1029/2011WR011713 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 030BA UT WOS:000310541400001 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Zhang, YH Beljaars, A Golaz, JC Jacobson, AR Medeiros, B AF Seidel, Dian J. Zhang, Yehui Beljaars, Anton Golaz, Jean-Christophe Jacobson, Andrew R. Medeiros, Brian TI Climatology of the planetary boundary layer over the continental United States and Europe SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIXING HEIGHT; RADIOSONDE DATA; MIXED-LAYER; MODEL; DEPTH; SODAR; INVERSIONS; CEILOMETER; PROFILER AB Although boundary layer processes are important in climate, weather and air quality, boundary layer climatology has received little attention, partly for lack of observational data sets. We analyze boundary layer climatology over Europe and the continental U.S. using a measure of boundary layer height based on the bulk Richardson number. Seasonal and diurnal variations during 1981-2005 are estimated from radiosonde observations, a reanalysis that assimilates observations, and two contemporary climate models that do not. Data limitations in vertical profiles introduce height uncertainties that can exceed 50% for shallow boundary layers (<1 km) but are generally <20% for deeper boundary layers. Climatological heights are typically <1 km during daytime and <0.5 km at night over both regions. Seasonal patterns for daytime and nighttime differ; daytime heights are larger in summer than winter, but nighttime heights are larger in winter. The four data sets show similar patterns of spatial and seasonal variability but with biases that vary spatially, seasonally, and diurnally. Compared with radiosonde observations, the reanalysis and the climate models produce deeper layers due to difficulty simulating stable conditions. The higher-time-resolution reanalysis reveals the diurnal cycle in height, with maxima in the afternoon, and with amplitudes that vary seasonally (larger in summer) and regionally (larger over western U.S. and southern Europe). The lower-time-resolution radiosonde data and climate model simulations capture diurnal variations better over Europe than over the U.S., due to differences in local sampling times. C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Zhang, Yehui] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Appl Hydrometeorol Res Inst, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Beljaars, Anton] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Medeiros, Brian] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov RI Medeiros, Brian/A-3695-2009; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Medeiros, Brian/0000-0003-2188-4784; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; National Science Foundation FX The bulk of this research was performed while Y. Zhang held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship at NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory. We thank Sungsu Park (NCAR) for valuable discussions during the course of this research and Roland Draxler and Praveena Krishnan (NOAA Air Resources Laboratory), Bert Holtslag (Wageningen University), and two anonymous reviewers for helpful and insightful comments on this manuscript. Brian Medeiros acknowledges support from the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-97ER62402. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 40 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D17106 DI 10.1029/2012JD018143 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029ZR UT WOS:000310537900009 ER PT J AU Wonaschuetz, A Sorooshian, A Ervens, B Chuang, PY Feingold, G Murphy, SM de Gouw, J Warneke, C Jonsson, HH AF Wonaschuetz, Anna Sorooshian, Armin Ervens, Barbara Chuang, Patrick Y. Feingold, Graham Murphy, Shane M. de Gouw, Joost Warneke, Carsten Jonsson, Haflidi H. TI Aerosol and gas re-distribution by shallow cumulus clouds: An investigation using airborne measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; AQUEOUS-PHASE PHOTOOXIDATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; POWER-PLANT PLUMES; IN-CLOUD; UNITED-STATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; OXALIC-ACID AB Aircraft measurements during the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) are used to examine the influence of shallow cumulus clouds on vertical profiles of aerosol chemical composition, size distributions, and secondary aerosol precursor gases. The data show signatures of convective transport of particles, gases and moisture from near the surface to higher altitudes, and of aqueous-phase production of aerosol mass (sulfate and organics) in cloud droplets and aerosol water. In cloudy conditions, the average aerosol volume concentration at an altitude of 2850 m, above typical cloud top levels, was found to be 34% of that at 450 m; for clear conditions, the same ratio was 13%. Both organic and sulfate mass fractions were on average constant with altitude (around 50%); however, the ratio of oxalate to organic mass increased with altitude (from 1% at 450 m to almost 9% at 3450 m), indicative of the influence of in-cloud production on the vertical abundance and characteristics of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. A new metric termed "residual cloud fraction" is introduced as a way of quantifying the "cloud processing history" of an air parcel. Results of a parcel model simulating aqueous phase production of sulfate and organics reproduce observed trends and point at a potentially important role of SOA production, especially oligomers, in deliquesced aerosols. The observations emphasize the importance of shallow cumulus clouds in altering the vertical distribution of aerosol properties that influence both their direct and indirect effect on climate. C1 [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wonaschuetz, Anna; Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ervens, Barbara; Murphy, Shane M.; de Gouw, Joost; Warneke, Carsten] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara; Feingold, Graham; de Gouw, Joost; Warneke, Carsten] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Chuang, Patrick Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310082] FX This work was supported by NOAA grant NA06OAR4310082 and by NOAA's Climate Goal. We gratefully acknowledge Roya Bahreini (AMS), Ann Middlebrook (AMS), and John Holloway (SO2) for providing NOAA WP-3D aircraft data. We thank Harmony Gates for use of Twin Otter DMA data, and Michael Trainer for helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY web site (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication. NR 101 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D17202 DI 10.1029/2012JD018089 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029ZR UT WOS:000310537900007 ER PT J AU Drake, TE Sagi, Y Paudel, R Stewart, JT Gaebler, JP Jin, DS AF Drake, T. E. Sagi, Y. Paudel, R. Stewart, J. T. Gaebler, J. P. Jin, D. S. TI Direct observation of the Fermi surface in an ultracold atomic gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMICS AB The ideal (i.e., noninteracting), homogeneous Fermi gas, with its characteristic sharp Fermi surface in the momentum distribution, is a fundamental concept relevant to the behavior of many systems. With trapped Fermi gases of ultracold atoms, one can realize and probe a nearly ideal Fermi gas; however, these systems have a nonuniform density due to the confining potential. We show that the effect of the density variation, which typically washes out any semblance of a Fermi surface step in the momentum distribution, can be mitigated by selectively probing atoms near the center of a trapped gas. With this approach, we have directly measured a Fermi surface in momentum space for a nearly ideal gas, where the average density and temperature of the probed portion of the gas can be determined from the location and sharpness of the Fermi surface. C1 [Drake, T. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Drake, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu OI Sagi, Yoav/0000-0002-3897-1393 FU NSF; NIST FX We acknowledge funding from the NSF and NIST. We thank B. DeMarco and J. Zirbel for initial assistance with the hollow light beams. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 6 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 AR 031601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.031601 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 000NE UT WOS:000308392200001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HF Worton, DR Lewandowski, M Ortega, J Rubitschun, CL Park, JH Kristensen, K Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Jimenez, JL Jaoui, M Offenberg, JH Kleindienst, TE Gilman, J Kuster, WC de Gouw, J Park, C Schade, GW Frossard, AA Russell, L Kaser, L Jud, W Hansel, A Cappellin, L Karl, T Glasius, M Guenther, A Goldstein, AH Seinfeld, JH Gold, A Kamens, RM Surratt, JD AF Zhang, Haofei Worton, David R. Lewandowski, Michael Ortega, John Rubitschun, Caitlin L. Park, Jeong-Hoo Kristensen, Kasper Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas A. Jimenez, Jose L. Jaoui, Mohammed Offenberg, John H. Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Gilman, Jessica Kuster, William C. de Gouw, Joost Park, Changhyoun Schade, Gunnar W. Frossard, Amanda A. Russell, Lynn Kaser, Lisa Jud, Werner Hansel, Armin Cappellin, Luca Karl, Thomas Glasius, Marianne Guenther, Alex Goldstein, Allen H. Seinfeld, John H. Gold, Avram Kamens, Richard M. Surratt, Jason D. TI Organosulfates as Tracers for Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Formation from 2-Methyl-3-Buten-2-ol (MBO) in the Atmosphere SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; ISOPRENE-DERIVED ORGANOSULFATES; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; AMBIENT AEROSOLS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; OXIDATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; ACID AB 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) is an important biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emitted by pine trees and a potential precursor of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in forested regions. In the present study, hydroxyl radical (OH)-initiated oxidation of MBO was examined in smog chambers under varied initial nitric oxide (NO) and aerosol acidity levels. Results indicate measurable SOA from MBO under low-NO conditions. Moreover, increasing aerosol acidity was found to enhance MBO SOA. Chemical characterization of laboratory-generated MBO SOA reveals that an organosulfate species (C5H12O6S, MW 200) formed and was substantially enhanced with elevated aerosol acidity. Ambient fine aerosol (PM2.5) samples collected from the BEARPEX campaign during 2007 and 2009, as well as from the BEACHON-RoMBAS campaign during 2011, were also analyzed. The MBO-derived organosulfate characterized from laboratory-generated aerosol was observed in PM2.5 collected from these campaigns, demonstrating that it is continued.. C1 [Zhang, Haofei; Rubitschun, Caitlin L.; Gold, Avram; Kamens, Richard M.; Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Worton, David R.; Park, Jeong-Hoo; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Worton, David R.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ortega, John; Cappellin, Luca; Karl, Thomas; Guenther, Alex] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kristensen, Kasper; Glasius, Marianne] Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Gilman, Jessica; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gilman, Jessica; Kuster, William C.; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Park, Changhyoun; Schade, Gunnar W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Frossard, Amanda A.; Russell, Lynn] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kaser, Lisa; Jud, Werner; Hansel, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Surratt, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM surratt@unc.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Schade, Gunnar/G-9000-2012; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Worton, David/A-8374-2012; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Park, Jeong-Hoo/I-2923-2013; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Cappellin, Luca/C-1955-2012; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Schade, Gunnar/0000-0003-4327-0839; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Worton, David/0000-0002-6558-5586; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Cappellin, Luca/0000-0001-6740-3638; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Glasius, Marianne/0000-0002-4404-6989 FU U.S. EPA contract [EP-W-09-023]; NSF [ATM-0922562, ATM-0919189, ATM -0934345]; NSF sponsorship of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); NIEHS [5P20-ES10126]; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); DOE (BER/ASR Program [DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF); DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics; [ATM-0904203] FX This study was supported by an U.S. EPA contract (EP-W-09-023) to the University of North Carolina. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript is subjected to external peer review and has been not been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. The BEARPEX measurements were supported by an NSF grant ATM-0922562 to the University of California, Berkeley, and ATM-0904203 to the University of California, San Diego. The BEACHON-RoMBAS measurements were supported by NSF sponsorship of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). UPLC/ESI-HR-Q-TOFMS analyses were conducted in the UNC-CH Biomarker Mass Facility located within the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, which is a part of the UNC-CH Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility and is supported by NIEHS (Grant 5P20-ES10126). J.D.S. was supported in part by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Thanks to Ying-Hsuan Lin for helping to operate the UPLC/(-)ESI-HR-Q-TOFMS instrument. The meteorological measurements from BEACHON-RoMBAS were performed by Andrew A. Tumipseed. The IC measurements for BEARPEX 2009 were performed by M. P. Madsen. P.C.J., DAD., and J.L.J. were supported by NSF ATM-0919189 and DOE (BER/ASR Program) DE-SC0006035 and DE-SC0006711. GC-FID measurements by Texas A&M were funded by NSF ATM -0934345. Measurements conducted by the University of Innsbruck were supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): L.K. is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics. NR 62 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 13 U2 159 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 17 BP 9437 EP 9446 DI 10.1021/es301648z PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998SM UT WOS:000308260700028 PM 22849588 ER PT J AU Henze, DK Shindell, DT Akhtar, F Spurr, RJD Pinder, RW Loughlin, D Kopacz, M Singh, K Shim, C AF Henze, Daven K. Shindell, Drew T. Akhtar, Farhan Spurr, Robert J. D. Pinder, Robert W. Loughlin, Dan Kopacz, Monika Singh, Kumaresh Shim, Changsub TI Spatially Refined Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing Efficiencies SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEXT-GENERATION; AIR-QUALITY; CLIMATE; MODELS; SATELLITE; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; STABILIZATION; CONSTRAINTS; DEPOSITION AB Global aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) is an important metric for assessing potential climate impacts of future emissions changes. However, the radiative consequences of emissions perturbations are not readily quantified nor well understood at the level of detail necessary to assess realistic policy options. To address this challenge, here we show how adjoint model sensitivities can be used to provide highly spatially resolved estimates of the DRF from emissions of black carbon (BC), primary organic carbon (OC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ammonia (NH3), using the example of emissions from each sector and country following multiple Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs). The radiative forcing efficiencies of many individual emissions are found to differ considerably from regional or sectoral averages for NH3, SO2 from the power sector, and BC from domestic, industrial, transportation and biomass burning sources. Consequently, the amount of emissions controls required to attain a specific DRF varies at intracontinental scales by up to a factor of 4. These results thus demonstrate both a need and means for incorporating spatially refined aerosol DRF into analysis of future emissions scenario and design of air quality and climate change mitigation policies. C1 [Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shindell, Drew T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, Drew T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Akhtar, Farhan; Pinder, Robert W.; Loughlin, Dan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Spurr, Robert J. D.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kopacz, Monika] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Singh, Kumaresh] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Shim, Changsub] Korea Environm Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Henze, DK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daven.henze@colorado.edu RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Singh, Kumaresh/P-4857-2016 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; FU NASA [NNH09ZDA001N]; NASA AQAST [NNH09ZDA001N] FX D.K.H. recognizes support from the NASA New Investigator Program (NNH09ZDA001N), NASA AQAST (NNH09ZDA001N), and use of NASA HEC computing facilities. While this manuscript has been reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect official agency views or policies. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 17 BP 9511 EP 9518 DI 10.1021/es301993s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998SM UT WOS:000308260700036 PM 22881708 ER PT J AU Hite, DA Colombe, Y Wilson, AC Brown, KR Warring, U Jordens, R Jost, JD McKay, KS Pappas, DP Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Hite, D. A. Colombe, Y. Wilson, A. C. Brown, K. R. Warring, U. Joerdens, R. Jost, J. D. McKay, K. S. Pappas, D. P. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI 100-Fold Reduction of Electric-Field Noise in an Ion Trap Cleaned with In Situ Argon-Ion-Beam Bombardment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC IONS; QUANTUM AB Motional heating of trapped atomic ions is a major obstacle to their use as quantum bits in a scalable quantum computer. The detailed physical origin of this heating is not well understood, but experimental evidence suggests that it is caused by electric-field noise emanating from the surface of the trap electrodes. In this study, we have investigated the role of adsorbates on the electrodes by identifying contaminant overlayers, implementing an in situ argon-ion-beam cleaning treatment, and measuring ion heating rates before and after treating the trap electrodes' surfaces. We find a 100-fold reduction in heating rate after treatment. The experiments described here are sensitive to low levels of electric-field noise in the MHz frequency range. Therefore, this approach could become a useful tool in surface science that complements established techniques. C1 [Hite, D. A.; Colombe, Y.; Wilson, A. C.; Brown, K. R.; Warring, U.; Joerdens, R.; Jost, J. D.; McKay, K. S.; Pappas, D. P.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hite, DA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Jordens, Robert/0000-0001-5333-0562 FU IARPA; ARO [EAO-111409]; ONR; NIST Quantum Information Program FX This work was supported by IARPA, ARO Contract No. EAO-111409, ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank J. J. Bollinger and B. C. Sawyer for suggestions on the manuscript. This article is a contribution of the U.S. Government and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 10 AR 103001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.103001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 999FV UT WOS:000308295700005 PM 23005284 ER PT J AU Flores, GE Henley, JB Fierer, N AF Flores, Gilberto E. Henley, Jessica B. Fierer, Noah TI A Direct PCR Approach to Accelerate Analyses of Human-Associated Microbial Communities SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SKIN MICROBIOME; GUT MICROBIOME; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; TAXONOMY; AGE AB Since the composition of the human microbiome is highly variable both within and between individuals, researchers are increasingly reliant on high-throughput molecular approaches to identify linkages between the composition of these communities and human health. While new sequencing technologies have made it increasingly feasible to analyze large numbers of human-associated samples, the extraction of DNA from samples often remains a bottleneck in the process. Here we tested a direct PCR approach using the Extract-N-Amp Plant PCR Kit to accelerate the 16S rRNA gene-based analyses of human-associated bacterial communities, directly comparing this method to a more commonly-used approach whereby DNA is first extracted and purified from samples using a series of steps prior to PCR amplification. We used both approaches on replicate samples collected from each of five body habitats (tongue surface, feces, forehead skin, underarm skin, and forearm skin) from four individuals. With the exception of the tongue samples, there were few significant differences in the estimates of taxon richness or phylogenetic diversity obtained using the two approaches. Perhaps more importantly, there were no significant differences between the methods in their ability resolve body habitat differences or inter-individual differences in bacterial community composition and the estimates of the relative abundances of individual taxa were nearly identical with the two methods. Overall, the two methods gave very similar results and the direct PCR approach is clearly advantageous for many studies exploring the diversity and composition of human-associated bacterial communities given that large numbers of samples can be processed far more quickly and efficiently. C1 [Flores, Gilberto E.; Henley, Jessica B.; Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Flores, GE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM noah.fierer@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX This work was supported by grants to N.F. from the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44563 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044563 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 002ZJ UT WOS:000308577600068 PM 22962617 ER PT J AU Pufall, MR Rippard, WH Russek, SE Evarts, ER AF Pufall, Matthew R. Rippard, William H. Russek, Stephen E. Evarts, Eric. R. TI Anisotropic frequency response of spin-torque oscillators with applied field polarity and direction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE GENERATION AB We have measured spin-torque-driven oscillations of Ni80Fe20 free-layer nanocontacts as a function of field direction. For a given field axis angle (10 degrees from the surface normal) and magnitude, simply changing the field polarity can significantly alter the device output. The critical current I-c, the frequency of oscillation f, the amplitude, and the f vs current f (I) all change with field polarity and change if the applied field axis is rotated about the surface normal. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements show that the linear resonant frequency f and the slope of f (I) at currents much less than I-c also vary by tens of MHz and tens of MHz/mA, respectively, with field polarity. These results are consistent with the idea that the mode excited by spin torque interacts strongly with a different subregion of the magnetization in the vicinity of the contact for each field direction, resulting in potential variations in the anisotropy field, Oersted field, and spin-torque magnitude as a function of field direction. C1 [Pufall, Matthew R.; Rippard, William H.; Russek, Stephen E.; Evarts, Eric. R.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pufall, MR (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 9 AR 094404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.094404 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 999CS UT WOS:000308287300010 ER PT J AU Stein, S AF Stein, Stephen TI Mass Spectral Reference Libraries: An Ever-Expanding Resource for Chemical Identification SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; DATABASE AB The basic principles, practices, and pitfalls in the process of compound identification by searching mass spectral reference libraries are presented. Factors affecting the identification process are discussed as members of one of three major contributors to identification confidence: prior probability, risk of false negative results, and risk of false positive results. More general concerns and the problem of "unknown unknowns" are then explored. C1 NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stein, S (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.stein@nist.gov NR 37 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 17 BP 7274 EP 7282 DI 10.1021/ac301205z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 998QL UT WOS:000308255400002 PM 22803687 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Pernstich, KP Gundlach, DJ Jurchescu, OD Richter, CA AF Jang, Hyuk-Jae Pernstich, Kurt P. Gundlach, David J. Jurchescu, Oana D. Richter, Curt. A. TI Observation of spin-polarized electron transport in Alq3 by using a low work function metal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; SPINTRONICS; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE; INJECTION; CATHODE AB We present the observation of magnetoresistance in Co/Ca/Alq3/Ca/NiFe spin-valve devices. Thin Ca layers contacting 150 nm thick Alq3 enable the injection of spin-polarized electrons into Alq3 due to the engineering of the band alignment. The devices exhibit symmetric current-voltage (I-V) characteristics indicating identical metal contacts on Alq3, and up to 4% of positive magnetoresistance was observed at 4.5 K. In contrast, simultaneously fabricated Co/Alq3/NiFe devices displayed asymmetric I-V curves due to the different metal electrodes, and spin-valve effects were not observed. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751257] C1 [Jang, Hyuk-Jae; Pernstich, Kurt P.; Gundlach, David J.; Richter, Curt. A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jang, Hyuk-Jae; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Jang, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hyuk-jae.jang@nist.gov; curt.richter@nist.gov RI Jang, Hyuk-Jae/H-7904-2013; Riminucci, Alberto/D-7525-2011 OI Riminucci, Alberto/0000-0003-0976-1810 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 10 AR 102412 DI 10.1063/1.4751257 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 010CT UT WOS:000309072800045 ER PT J AU Lampert, A Maturilli, M Ritter, C Hoffmann, A Stock, M Herber, A Birnbaum, G Neuber, R Dethloff, K Orgis, T Stone, R Brauner, R Kassbohrer, J Haas, C Makshtas, A Sokolov, V Liu, P AF Lampert, Astrid Maturilli, Marion Ritter, Christoph Hoffmann, Anne Stock, Maria Herber, Andreas Birnbaum, Gerit Neuber, Roland Dethloff, Klaus Orgis, Thomas Stone, Robert Brauner, Ralf Kaessbohrer, Johannes Haas, Christian Makshtas, Alexander Sokolov, Vladimir Liu, Peter TI The Spring-Time Boundary Layer in the Central Arctic Observed during PAMARCMiP 2009 SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Arctic boundary layer; dropsonde; airborne lidar; sea ice thickness ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; SEA-ICE THICKNESS; AGASP-II; AIR-FLOW; SHEBA; AIRCRAFT; AEROSOL; OCEAN; CLOUD AB The Arctic atmospheric boundary layer (AABL) in the central Arctic was characterized by dropsonde, lidar, ice thickness and airborne in situ measurements during the international Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project (PAMARCMiP) in April 2009. We discuss AABL observations in the lowermost 500 m above (A) open water, (B) sea ice with many open/refrozen leads (C) sea ice with few leads, and (D) closed sea ice with a front modifying the AABL. Above water, the AABL had near-neutral stratification and contained a high water vapor concentration. Above sea ice, a low AABL top, low near-surface temperatures, strong surface-based temperature inversions and an increase of moisture with altitude were observed. AABL properties and particle concentrations were modified by a frontal system, allowing vertical mixing with the free atmosphere. Above areas with many leads, the potential temperature decreased with height in the lowest 50 m and was nearly constant above, up to an altitude of 100-200 m, indicating vertical mixing. The increase of the backscatter coefficient towards the surface was high. Above sea ice with few refrozen leads, the stably stratified boundary layer extended up to 200-300 m altitude. It was characterized by low specific humidity and a smaller increase of the backscatter coefficient towards the surface. C1 [Lampert, Astrid; Maturilli, Marion; Ritter, Christoph; Hoffmann, Anne; Stock, Maria; Neuber, Roland; Dethloff, Klaus; Orgis, Thomas] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Herber, Andreas; Birnbaum, Gerit] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Stone, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brauner, Ralf] Jade Hsch, D-26931 Elsfleth, Germany. [Kaessbohrer, Johannes] Fielax GmbH, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Haas, Christian] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Makshtas, Alexander; Sokolov, Vladimir] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Liu, Peter] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Lampert, A (reprint author), TU Braunschweig, Inst Aerosp Syst, Hermann Blenk St 23, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. EM Astrid.Lampert@tu-bs.de; marion.maturilli@awi.de; christoph.ritter@awi.de; anne.hoffmann@awi.de; maria.stock@awi.de; andreas.herber@awi.de; gerit.birnbaum@awi.de; roland.neuber@awi.de; klaus.dethloff@awi.de; thomas.orgis@awi.de; robert.stone@noaa.gov; brineera@t-online.de; kaessbohrer@fielax.de; chaas@ualberta.ca; maksh@aari.ru; svt@aari.ru; peter.liu@ec.gc.ca RI Dethloff, Klaus/B-4879-2014; Neuber, Roland/B-4923-2014; Birnbaum, Gerit/D-4350-2014; Pfuller, Anne/I-1273-2012; Haas, Christian/L-5279-2016; Maturilli, Marion/A-4344-2017 OI Neuber, Roland/0000-0001-7382-7832; Haas, Christian/0000-0002-7674-3500; Maturilli, Marion/0000-0001-6818-7383 NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 320 EP 351 DI 10.3390/atmos3030320 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175QY UT WOS:000321247800002 ER PT J AU Gopalan, R Hong, T Shneier, M Chellappa, R AF Gopalan, Raghuraman Hong, Tsai Shneier, Michael Chellappa, Rama TI A Learning Approach Towards Detection and Tracking of Lane Markings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Boosting; context; lane marking detection; outlier robustness; tracking and learning ID OBJECT DETECTION; RECOGNITION; ALGORITHMS; ADABOOST; VEHICLES; SYSTEM; ROAD AB Road scene analysis is a challenging problem that has applications in autonomous navigation of vehicles. An integral component of this system is the robust detection and tracking of lane markings. It is a hard problem primarily due to large appearance variations in lane markings caused by factors such as occlusion (traffic on the road), shadows (from objects like trees), and changing lighting conditions of the scene (transition from day to night). In this paper, we address these issues through a learning-based approach using visual inputs from a camera mounted in front of a vehicle. We propose the following: 1) a pixel-hierarchy feature descriptor to model the contextual information shared by lane markings with the surrounding road region; 2) a robust boosting algorithm to select relevant contextual features for detecting lane markings; and 3) particle filters to track the lane markings, without knowledge of vehicle speed, by assuming the lane markings to be static through the video sequence and then learning the possible road scene variations from the statistics of tracked model parameters. We investigate the effectiveness of our algorithm on challenging daylight and night-time road video sequences. C1 [Gopalan, Raghuraman] AT&T Labs Res, Multimedia Dept, Middletown, NJ 07748 USA. [Hong, Tsai; Shneier, Michael] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, UMIACS, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gopalan, R (reprint author), AT&T Labs Res, Multimedia Dept, Middletown, NJ 07748 USA. EM raghuram@research.att.com; tsai.hong@nist.gov; michael.shneier@nist.gov; rama@umiacs.umd.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB7D6123] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, under Grant 60NANB7D6123, and the work was performed when the first author was with the University of Maryland. The Associate Editor for this paper was S. Sun. NR 51 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1524-9050 EI 1558-0016 J9 IEEE T INTELL TRANSP JI IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 SI SI BP 1088 EP 1098 DI 10.1109/TITS.2012.2184756 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 060UZ UT WOS:000312805000011 ER PT J AU Hecht, BC Thrower, FP Hale, MC Miller, MR Nichols, KM AF Hecht, Benjamin C. Thrower, Frank P. Hale, Matthew C. Miller, Michael R. Nichols, Krista M. TI Genetic Architecture of Migration-Related Traits in Rainbow and Steelhead Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE linkage mapping; migration; Oncorhynchus mykiss; QTL; RAD-tag sequencing; smoltification ID ANIMAL MIGRATION; SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; BODY MORPHOLOGY; WILD POPULATION; CHINOOK SALMON; WING LENGTH; RAD MARKERS; COHO SALMON; SEA-WATER; SMOLTIFICATION AB Although migration plays a critical role in the evolution and diversification of species, relatively little is known of the genetic architecture underlying this life history in any species. Rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally segregate for both resident and migratory life-history types, respectively, as do other members of the salmonid family of fishes. Using an experimental cross derived from wild resident rainbow and wild migratory steelhead trout from Southeast Alaska and high throughput restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) tag sequencing, we perform a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to identify the number, position, and relative contribution of genetic effects on a suite of 27 physiological and morphological traits associated with the migratory life history in this species. In total, 37 QTL are localized to 19 unique QTL positions, explaining 4-13.63% of the variation for 19 of the 27 migration-related traits measured. Two chromosomal positions, one on chromosome Omy12 and the other on Omy14 each harbor 7 QTL for migration-related traits, suggesting that these regions could harbor master genetic controls for the migratory life-history tactic in this species. Another QTL region on Omy5 has been implicated in several studies of adaptive life histories within this species and could represent another important locus underlying the migratory life history. We also evaluate whether loci identified in this out-crossed QTL study colocalize to genomic positions previously identified for associations with migration-related traits in a doubled haploid mapping family. C1 [Hecht, Benjamin C.; Hale, Matthew C.; Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Thrower, Frank P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Miller, Michael R.] Univ Oregon, Inst Mol Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM krista.nichols@noaa.gov FU Ecological Genetics Area of Excellence in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University; [NSF-DEB-0845265] FX The authors would like to thank Adrian Celewycz, Jeff Hard, Michael Zanis, Jim Meyers, Melissa Baird, Orlay Johnson, Jason Miller, Pat Malecha, and Jen Malecha, who assisted with the rearing, husbandry, and/or data collection of rainbow and steelhead trout at the Little Port Walter Research Station, Baranof Island, Alaska. We also acknowledge the assistance of Steve Sassman and Linda Lee in the collection of spectrophotometric data; Julie Scardina, Graham Wolf, Katlin Walls, and Madeline Valle for assistance in the collection of genotype data; and Garrett McKinney and Doug Yatcilla, who assisted with bioinformatics and computation. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their tremendously insightful comments, which greatly improved this manuscript. This work was funded in part by a NSF-DEB-0845265 Career Award to KMN, and by funding through the Ecological Genetics Area of Excellence in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. NR 76 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 82 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1113 EP 1127 DI 10.1534/g3.112.003137 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 055ZH UT WOS:000312456100015 PM 22973549 ER PT J AU Gobush, KS Farry, SC AF Gobush, Kathleen S. Farry, Shawn C. TI Non-lethal efforts to deter shark predation of Hawaiian monk seal pups SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; Galapagos shark; French Frigate Shoals; predation deterrence ID SOUND SOURCE; WITHDRAWAL; BIOLOGY AB More than a decade of shark predation on nursing and newly weaned pups of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) has significantly contributed to a steep decline of the French Frigate Shoals (FFS) subpopulation. In an effort to develop non-lethal methods of mitigating predation, the feasibility of deploying potential shark deterrents at FFS was examined, and then tests were done to see if any of the successfully deployed devices or a continuous human presence deters shark predation of monk seal pups. During the feasibility trial, an underwater acoustic playback and a moored boat performed without issue. A float array proved hazardous to non-target wildlife and electronic diver devices functioned poorly; both were omitted from further experimentation. The number of shark sightings and predation incidents at two pupping islets was compared across two experimental treatments: (1) acoustic playback and a moored boat, and (2) continuous human presence, versus a control. Sharks were sighted with a remote camera system; predation incidents were evident from bite wounds or the disappearance of pups. Observed shark activity was rare (12 sightings on video and six predation incidents) but similar to recent years. The number of shark sightings and predation incidents did not differ significantly between the two treatments and the control. The relative scarcity of shark activity in the shallows around the pupping islets made detecting a treatment effect challenging. Sharks' wariness to humans is probably variable, unpredictable, possibly individualistic and unreliable at FFS. The acoustic playback as a deterrent could benefit from further testing and development. Other non-lethal or lethal approaches for mitigating predation should be investigated to protect monk seal pups at FFS. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Gobush, Kathleen S.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Farry, Shawn C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gobush, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1000, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM kathleen.gobush@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 22 IS 6 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.1002/aqc.2272 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 051UW UT WOS:000312154200007 ER PT J AU Vega-Maza, D Miller, WW Ripple, DC Scace, GE AF Vega-Maza, D. Miller, W. W. Ripple, D. C. Scace, G. E. TI A Humidity Generator for Temperatures up to 200 degrees C and Pressures up to 1.6 MPa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Fuel cell; Humidity; Humidity generator; Steam; Water ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; WATER AB A new humidity generator that produces gas streams of known moisture content at temperatures from 85 degrees C to 200 degrees C, absolute pressures from 0.2 MPa to 1.6 MPa, and relative humidities from 10 % to 90 % has been developed. The generator produces a moist gas stream by injecting fixed-rate streams of dry gas and liquid water into a vaporizer, where the water evaporates into the gas. The gas stream passes into a re-entrant radio-frequency (RF) cavity, which serves as our reference hygrometer, and then a test chamber. The present standard uncertainty of the RF hygrometer is 0.6 %, limited by the uncertainty of literature values for the polarizability of water. Dry nitrogen gas purging the pressure transducer line also combines with the moist gas stream downstream of the test chamber and flows through one of a set of capillaries. Modulation of gas flow through the fixed flow impedance of the capillary gives a simple method for controlling pressure. Individual insulated, temperature-controlled aluminum ovens enclose each major component. A larger oven encloses these ovens and their connecting tubing. To minimize corrosion, critical components are constructed of high-nickel alloys. The small total volume (<1L) and small flow rate (<0.5 L . min(-1)) reduce operational hazards from steam scalding or from gas explosion. C1 [Miller, W. W.; Ripple, D. C.; Scace, G. E.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vega-Maza, D.] Univ Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. RP Ripple, DC (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.ripple@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 33 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1477 EP 1487 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0838-1 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 050RO UT WOS:000312071900012 ER PT J AU Meyer, CW Miller, WW Ripple, DC Scace, GE AF Meyer, C. W. Miller, W. W. Ripple, D. C. Scace, G. E. TI Uncertainty Budget for the NIST Hybrid Humidity Generator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Generator; Humidity; Hygrometer; Saturator; Standards; Uncertainty; Water vapor ID WATER AB A detailed uncertainty budget for the new hybrid humidity generator (HHG) that has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is presented. The HHG generates frost/dew points from -70 degrees C to +85 degrees C using calibration gas flows up to 150 L.min(-1). For frost/dew points above -15 degrees C, the two-pressure method is employed, and for frost points at or below -15 degrees C, the divided-flow method is used (hence, the name "hybrid"). The total expanded (k = 2) uncertainty is estimated for HHG generation of the following quantities: frost/dew point, mole fraction, and relative humidity. The total uncertainty is estimated separately for the two-pressure and divided-flow methods. C1 [Meyer, C. W.; Miller, W. W.; Ripple, D. C.; Scace, G. E.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Meyer, CW (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cmeyer@nist.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 33 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1488 EP 1499 DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0880-z PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 050RO UT WOS:000312071900013 ER PT J AU Anderson, EJ Schwab, DJ AF Anderson, Eric J. Schwab, David J. TI Contaminant Transport and Spill Reference Tables for the St. Clair River SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dye experiments; Huron-Erie Corridor; Great Lakes; toxic spill; dye experiments ID WATER AB The goal of this work is to calibrate a real-time hydrodynamic model for spill tracking in the St. Clair River and to provide decision makers with information for response planning and in the event of a spill. In order to provide experimental validation data, three dye releases were carried out to simulate movement of a potential contaminant in the river. Measurements of dye concentration were used to provide estimates of lateral and vertical mixing as well as travel time of the dye cloud. Model simulations were able to recreate the dye movement and concentrations with model-estimated arrival times within 14 min of the observed plume arrival times and concentrations within 0.005 normalized concentration units of the observed concentrations (which ranged from 0.06 to 0.004). Following model calibration, a set of spill scenarios was chosen to encompass the types and locations of spills commonly experienced in the St. Clair River. These spill scenarios were then simulated with the HECWFS model to predict transport characteristics such as plume leading edge travel time, duration, concentration, and cross-channel mixing. Results from the scenarios were compiled into reference tables in which spill characteristics are listed at several downstream transects. These spill reference tables provide water intake operators with information before the event of a spill, enabling decision makers to plan for potential or common spills as well as providing a quick reference library that can be accessed immediately after a spill is detected to aid in mitigating the effects on drinking water supply. C1 [Anderson, Eric J.; Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Anderson, Eric J.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Anderson, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM eric.j.anderson@noaa.gov OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 FU Great Lakes Observing System (GLOS) FX The work presented in this manuscript was funded by the Great Lakes Observing System (GLOS). Public workshops, government agency coordination, and dye experiment coordination were handled by GLOS. Applied Science Incorporated (ASI, Detroit, MI) carried out the dye experiments in the St. Clair River, including data processing and quality control of the temperature-corrected concentration samples. The HECWFS model was developed while Dr. Anderson was a fellow with the National Research Council and is currently supported and operated by the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. This is GLERL contribution number 1640. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 34 EP 47 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 048OJ UT WOS:000311921500005 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Key, JR Ackerman, SA Mace, GG Zhang, QQ AF Liu, Yinghui Key, Jeffrey R. Ackerman, Steven A. Mace, Gerald G. Zhang, Qiuqing TI Arctic cloud macrophysical characteristics from CloudSat and CALIPSO SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Cloud; Remote sensing; CloudSat; CALIPSO ID HIGH-RESOLUTION-RADIOMETER; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; RADIATION PROPERTIES; TEXTURAL FEATURES; STRATUS CLOUDS; COVER ANALYSIS; ANNUAL CYCLE; POLAR CLOUD; AVHRR DATA AB The lidar and radar profiling capabilities of the CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder (CALIPSO) satellites provide opportunities to improve the characterization of cloud properties. Ark Arctic cloud climatology based on their observations may be fundamentally different from earlier Arctic cloud climatologies based on passive satellite observations, which have limited contrast between the cloud and underlying surface. Specifically, the Radar-Lidar Geometrical Profile product (RL-GEOPROF) provides cloud vertical profiles from the combination of active lidar and radar. Based on this data product for the period July 2006 to March 2011, this paper presents a new cloud macrophysical property characteristic analysis for the Arctic, including cloud occurrence fraction (COF), vertical distributions, and probability density functions (PDF) of cloud base and top heights. Seasonal mean COF shows maximum values in autumn, minimum values in winter, and moderate values in spring and summer; this seasonality is more prominent over the Arctic Ocean on the Pacific side. The mean ratios of multi-layer cloud to total cloud over the ocean and land are between 24% and 28%. Low-level COFs are higher over ocean than over land. The ratio of low-level cloud to total cloud is also higher over ocean. Middle-level and high-level COFs are smaller over ocean than over land except in summer, and the ratios of middle-level and high-level clouds to total cloud are also smaller over ocean. Over the central Arctic Ocean, PDFs of cloud top height and cloud bottom height show (1) two cloud top height PDF peaks, one for cloud top heights lower than 1200 m and another between 7 and 9 km; and (2) high frequency for cloud base below 1000 m with the majority of cloud base heights lower than 2000 m. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yinghui; Ackerman, Steven A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Ackerman, Steven A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mace, Gerald G.; Zhang, Qiuqing] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Liu, YH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yinghuil@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Data Records program FX The authors would like to thank the CloudSat data processing center at Colorado State University for providing the CloudSat/CALIPSO product 2B-GEOPROF-lidar data, and Goddard Space Flight Center at NASA for providing the MODIS data. We thank Ralph Kuehn for discussions regarding the CALIPSO and CloudSat data. This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Data Records program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 73 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.006 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700014 ER PT J AU Leifer, I Lehr, WJ Simecek-Beatty, D Bradley, E Clark, R Dennison, P Hu, YX Matheson, S Jones, CE Holt, B Reif, M Roberts, DA Svejkovsky, J Swayze, G Wozencraft, J AF Leifer, Ira Lehr, William J. Simecek-Beatty, Debra Bradley, Eliza Clark, Roger Dennison, Philip Hu, Yongxiang Matheson, Scott Jones, Cathleen E. Holt, Benjamin Reif, Molly Roberts, Dar A. Svejkovsky, Jan Swayze, Gregg Wozencraft, Jennifer TI State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Oil spill; Deepwater Horizon; Remote sensing; Lidar; Near infrared; Thermal infrared; Satellite; Airborne remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; MODIS; Hyperspectral; Multispectral; Expert system; False positives; Technology readiness; Operational readiness; Visible spectrum; Oil water emulsions; Spill response; AVIRIS; Synthetic aperture radar; UAVSAR; Fire; CALIPSO; Oil slick thickness; Laser fluorescence ID APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY; SURFACE-FILMS; SEA-SURFACE; HYDROCARBON SEEPS; PERSIAN-GULF; SAR IMAGES; SLICKS; ALGORITHM; CALIFORNIA; KUWAIT AB The vast and persistent Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill challenged response capabilities, which required accurate, quantitative oil assessment at synoptic and operational scales. Although experienced observers are a spill response's mainstay, few trained observers and confounding factors including weather, oil emulsification, and scene illumination geometry present challenges. DWH spill and impact monitoring was aided by extensive airborne and spaceborne passive and active remote sensing. Oil slick thickness and oil-to-water emulsion ratios are key spill response parameters for containment/cleanup and were derived quantitatively for thick (>0.1 mm) slicks from AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) data using a spectral library approach based on the shape and depth of near infrared spectral absorption features. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite, visible-spectrum broadband data of surface-slick modulation of sunglint reflection allowed extrapolation to the total slick. A multispectral expert system used a neural network approach to provide Rapid Response thickness class maps. Airborne and satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides synoptic data under all-sky conditions; however. SAR generally cannot discriminate thick (> 100 mu m) oil slicks from thin sheens (to 0.1 mu m). The UAVSAR's (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR) significantly greater signal-to-noise ratio and finer spatial resolution allowed successful pattern discrimination related to a combination of oil slick thickness, fractional Surface coverage, and emulsification. In situ burning and smoke plumes were studied with AVIRIS and corroborated spaceborne CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) observations of combustion aerosols. CALIPSO and bathymetry lidar data documented shallow subsurface oil, although ancillary data were required for confirmation. Airborne hyperspectral, thermal infrared data have nighttime and overcast collection advantages and were collected as well as MODIS thermal data. However, interpretation challenges and a lack of Rapid Response Products prevented significant use. Rapid Response Products were key to response utilization data needs are time critical; thus, a high technological readiness level is critical to operational use of remote sensing products. DWH's experience demonstrated that development and operationalization of new spill response remote sensing tools must precede the next major oil spill. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Leifer, Ira] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lehr, William J.; Simecek-Beatty, Debra] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. [Bradley, Eliza; Roberts, Dar A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Clark, Roger; Swayze, Gregg] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Dennison, Philip; Matheson, Scott] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Dennison, Philip; Matheson, Scott] Univ Utah, Ctr Nat & Technol Hazards, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.; Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Reif, Molly; Wozencraft, Jennifer] USA, Corp Engineers, Kiln, MS USA. [Svejkovsky, Jan] Ocean Imaging Corp, Solana Beach, CA USA. RP Leifer, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Ira.Leifer@bubbleology.com RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; OI Leifer, Ira/0000-0002-4674-5775; Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 FU NASA; NOAA; NSF; USGS; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) [M07PC13205] FX We thank the important role and support of NASA, NOAA, NSF, and USGS in the development of these technologies. Some of the research described herein was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Development of the multispectral rapid response thickness sensor by Ocean Imaging was supported by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) under contract M07PC13205. NSF support enabled the SEBASS data collection. The efforts of Susan Ustin (UC Davis) and Raymond Kokaly (USGS) for ecosystem data collection and analysis and David Tratt for editing are thanked. NR 129 TC 103 Z9 112 U1 13 U2 218 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 185 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.024 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700016 ER PT J AU Guillevic, PC Privette, JL Coudert, B Palecki, MA Demarty, J Ottle, C Augustine, JA AF Guillevic, Pierre C. Privette, Jeffrey L. Coudert, Benoit Palecki, Michael A. Demarty, Jerome Ottle, Catherine Augustine, John A. TI Land Surface Temperature product validation using NOAA's surface climate observation networks-Scaling methodology for the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Land Surface Temperature; Validation; NPP VIIRS; MODIS; Field experiment; Scaling problem ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; TRACK SCANNING RADIOMETER; RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; LONG-WAVE-RADIATION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; MULTIOBJECTIVE APPROACH; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; MULTICRITERIA METHODS; EMISSIVITY DATABASE AB NOAA will soon use the new Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) as its primary polar-orbiting satellite imager. Employing a near real-time processing system, NOAA will generate a series of Environmental Data Records (EDRs) from VIIRS data. For example, the VIIRS Land Surface Temperature (LST) EDR will estimate the surface skin temperature over all global land areas and provide key information for monitoring Earth surface energy and water fluxes. Because both VIIRS and its processing algorithms are new, NOAA is conducting a rigorous calibration and validation program to understand and improve product quality. This paper presents a new validation methodology to estimate the quantitative uncertainty in the LST EDR, and contribute to improving the retrieval algorithm. It employs a physically-based approach to scaling up point LST measurements currently made operationally at many field and weather stations around the world. The scaling method consists of the merging information collected at different spatial resolutions within a land surface model to fully characterize large area (km x km scale) satellite products. The approach can be used to explore scaling issues over terrestrial surfaces spanning a large range of climate regimes and land cover types, including forests and mixed vegetated areas. The methodology was tested successfully with NASA/MODIS data, indicating an absolute error for MODIS LST products of 2.0 K at a mixed agricultural site (Bondville, IL) when accounting for scaling, and higher than 3 K without scaling. The VIIRS LST EDR requires a 1.5 K measurement accuracy and 2.5 K measurement precision. Ultimately, this validation approach should lead to an accurate and continuously-assessed VIIRS LST product suitable to support weather forecast, hydrological applications, or climate studies. It is readily adaptable to other moderate resolution satellite systems. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Guillevic, Pierre C.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Guillevic, Pierre C.; Privette, Jeffrey L.; Palecki, Michael A.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Coudert, Benoit] Ctr Etudes Spatiales Biosphere CESBIO, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Demarty, Jerome] Inst Rech Dev, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Ottle, Catherine] CNRS CEA UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm LSCE IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Augustine, John A.] NOAAs Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Guillevic, PC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM pierre.guillevic@noaa.gov RI Demarty, Jerome/K-4607-2016; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; OI Demarty, Jerome/0000-0001-5173-9030; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; OTTLE, Catherine/0000-0003-1304-6414 FU NPOESS/JPSS program FX This work is funded by the NPOESS/JPSS program. The MODIS data used in this study are distributed by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LPDAAC), located at USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD, http://lpdaac.usgs.gov. The authors use the Earth Observing System Clearing-HOuse (ECHO)/Warehouse Inventory Search Tool (WIST) interface developed by the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)-URL: https://wist.echo.nasa.gov/api/. The authors thank Deb Mish and Sara Veasey from NOAA/NCDCs graphic team for providing useful graphic support, and Egg Davis from STG Inc., for discussion regarding the USCRN data. NR 84 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 282 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.004 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700025 ER PT J AU Yan, H Wang, SQ Billesbach, D Oechel, W Zhang, JH Meyers, T Martin, TA Matamala, R Baldocchi, D Bohrer, G Dragoni, D Scott, R AF Yan, H. Wang, S. Q. Billesbach, D. Oechel, W. Zhang, J. H. Meyers, T. Martin, T. A. Matamala, R. Baldocchi, D. Bohrer, G. Dragoni, D. Scott, R. TI Global estimation of evapotranspiration using a leaf area index-based surface energy and water balance model SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Air relative humidity; Stomatal conductance; Canopy transpiration; Soil evaporation; Soil water balance model; Eddy covariance ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; SOIL HEAT-FLUX; LAND-SURFACE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL; SATELLITE DATA; AVHRR DATA; VEGETATION AB Studies of global hydrologic cycles, carbon cycles and climate change are greatly facilitated when. global estimates of evapotranspiration (E) are available. We have developed an air-relative-humidity-based two-source (ARTS) E model that simulates the surface energy balance, soil water balance, and environmental constraints on E. It uses remotely sensed leaf area index (L-ai) and surface meteorological data to estimate E by: 1) introducing a simple biophysical model for canopy conductance (G(c)), defined as a constant maximum stomatal conductance g(smax) of 12.2 mm s(-1) multiplied by air relative humidity (R-h) and L-ai (G(c) = g(srnax) x R-h X L-ai); 2) calculating canopy transpiration with the G(c)-based Penman-Monteith (PM) E model; 3) calculating soil evaporation from an air-relative-humidity-based model of evapotranspiration (Yan & Shugart, 2010); 4) calculating total E (E-0) as the sum of the canopy transpiration and soil evaporation, assuming the absence of soil water stress; and 5) correcting E-0 for soil water stress using a soil water balance model. This physiological ARTS E model requires no calibration. Evaluation against eddy covariance measurements at 19 flux sites, representing a wide variety of climate and vegetation types, indicates that daily estimated E had a root mean square error = 0.77 mm d(-1). bias = -0.14 mm d(-1), and coefficient of determination, R-2 = 0.69. Global, monthly, 0.5 degrees-gridded ARTS E simulations from 1984 to 1998, which were forced using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Lai data, Climate Research Unit climate data, and surface radiation budget data, predicted a mean annual land E of 58.4 x 10(3) km(3). This falls within the range (58 x 10(3)-85 x 10(3) km(3)) estimated by the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP-2: Dirmeyer et al., 2006). The ARTS E spatial pattern agrees well with that of the global E estimated by GSWP-2. The global annual ARTS E increased by 15.5 mm per decade from 1984 to 1998, comparable to an increase of 9.9 mm per decade from the model tree ensemble approach (Jung et al., 2010). These comparisons confirm the effectivity of the ARTS E model to simulate the spatial. pattern and climate response of global E. This model is the first of its kind among remote-sensing-based PM E models to provide global land E estimation with consideration of the soil water balance. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, H.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, S. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Billesbach, D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Oechel, W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Zhang, J. H.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Agr Meteorol, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Meyers, T.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Martin, T. A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Matamala, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baldocchi, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bohrer, G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Scott, R.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Yan, H (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM yanhaon@yahoo.com.cn; sqwang@igsnrr.ac.cn; dbillesbach1@unl.edu; oechel@sunstroke.sdsu.edu; zhangjh@cams.cma.gov.cn; tilden.meyers@noaa.gov; tamartin@ufl.edu; matamala@anl.gov; baldocchi@berkeley.edu; bohrer.17@osu.edu; ddragoni@indiana.edu; russ.scott@ars.usda.gov RI Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41171284, 40801129]; Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201106027, 200906022]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05050602-1]; US DoE grant [DE-SC0006708] FX The authors would like to thank the flux site investigators for allowing us to use their flux data through AmeriFlux program for the development of ARTS E model. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171284, 40801129), Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (GYHY201106027, 200906022) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05050602-1). Flux observations at UMBS were supported by US DoE grant # DE-SC0006708. Finally the reviewers and Dr. Junchang Ju are thanked for the constructive remarks and suggestions. NR 105 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 11 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 581 EP 595 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.004 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700049 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM Sander, LC AF Phillips, Melissa M. Sander, Lane C. TI Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Quantitative LC/ID-MS Measurement of Total Choline and Free Carnitine in Food Standard Reference Materials SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LABORATORY VALIDATION; INFANT FORMULA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MILK; BIOSENSOR; SUPPLEMENTS; PRODUCTS AB The Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals of AOAC INTERNATIONAL has declared both choline and carnitine to be priority nutrients in infant formulas, and ongoing efforts exist to develop or improve Official Methods of Analysis(SM) for these nutrients. As a result, matrix-based certified reference materials are needed with assigned values for these compounds. In this work, traditional acid and enzymatic hydrolysis procedures were compared to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis, and conditions optimized to provide complete sample hydrolysis and recovery of total choline from four food standard reference materials (SRMs): whole milk powder, whole egg powder, infant formula, and soy flour. The extracts were analyzed using LC on a mixed-mode column (simultaneous RP and ion exchange) with isotope dilution-MS detection to achieve simultaneous quantification of total choline and free carnitine. Total choline has been determined in these four food matrixes with excellent precision (0.65 to 2.60%) and accuracy, as confirmed by use of SRM 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula as a control material. Free carnitine has been determined in two of these food matrixes with excellent precision (0.69 to 2.19%) and accuracy, as confirmed by use of SRM 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula as a control material. Limitations in simultaneous determination of total choline and free carnitine resulted from extreme differences in concentration of the two components in egg powder and soy flour (at least three orders of magnitude). Samples required dilution to prevent poor LC peak shape, which caused decreased precision in the determination of low concentrations of free carnitine. Despite this limitation, the described method yields results comparable to current AOAC Official Method 999.14 Choline in Infant Formula, with a decrease of more than 2 h in sample preparation time. C1 [Phillips, Melissa M.; Sander, Lane C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov RI Phillips, Melissa/E-8030-2013 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 21 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1479 EP 1486 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.12-137 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 031OS UT WOS:000310652300029 PM 23175983 ER PT J AU Dutagaci, H Cheung, CP Godil, A AF Dutagaci, Helin Cheung, Chun Pan Godil, Afzal TI Evaluation of 3D interest point detection techniques via human-generated ground truth SO VISUAL COMPUTER LA English DT Article DE 3D interest points; 3D salient points; 3D shape analysis ID MESH SALIENCY; KEYPOINTS; DIFFUSION; FEATURES AB In this paper, we present an evaluation strategy based on human-generated ground truth to measure the performance of 3D interest point detection techniques. We provide quantitative evaluation measures that relate automatically detected interest points to human-marked points, which were collected through a web-based application. We give visual demonstrations and a discussion on the results of the subjective experiments. We use a voting-based method to construct ground truth for 3D models and propose three evaluation measures, namely False Positive and False Negative Errors, and Weighted Miss Error to compare interest point detection algorithms. C1 [Dutagaci, Helin] Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Elect Elect Engn Dept, Eskisehir, Turkey. [Godil, Afzal] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dutagaci, H (reprint author), Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Elect Elect Engn Dept, Eskisehir, Turkey. EM helindutagaci@gmail.com; godil@nist.gov NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2789 J9 VISUAL COMPUT JI Visual Comput. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 9 BP 901 EP 917 DI 10.1007/s00371-012-0746-4 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 985QX UT WOS:000307284700002 ER PT J AU Durand, M Wang, YC Lawall, J AF Durand, Mathieu Wang, Yicheng Lawall, John TI Accurate Gouy phase measurement in an astigmatic optical cavity SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SHIFT; INTERFERENCE; GENERATION; RESONATORS AB We present measurements of the Gouy phase accumulation for the fundamental mode of an astigmatic Fabry-Perot cavity over 70 % of its stability range. The method is based on simultaneous measurement of the resonant frequencies of the fundamental mode and the TEM11 Hermite-Gauss mode of the cavity. We achieve an uncertainty of 2.7 x 10(-6) rad, which, in the context of displacement metrology, is sufficient to enable measurements over 50 mm with relative uncertainty below 10(-10). C1 [Durand, Mathieu; Wang, Yicheng; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Durand, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mathieu.durand@nist.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 108 IS 4 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1007/s00340-012-5147-x PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 029ZJ UT WOS:000310537100010 ER PT J AU Wu, HY Liang, SL Tong, L He, T Yu, YY AF Wu, Hongyi Liang, Shunlin Tong, Ling He, Tao Yu, Yunyue TI Bidirectional Reflectance for Multiple Snow-Covered Land Types From MISR Products SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF); Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR); snow; vegetation ID RETRIEVAL; SURFACE; RADIATION; AEROSOL; ALBEDO; MODELS AB Bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs) play a key role in land surface studies. Snow has a significant influence on vegetative surface BRF. To evaluate the surface reflectance behaviors of snow-covered regions, a surface BRF database has been constructed from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer BRF products for five biomes in the mid-high latitude regions of the U. S. (evergreen needleleaf forests, shrublands, grasslands, croplands, and urban areas). Using corresponding surface snow depth data from 26 meteorological stations, BRF signatures with snow cover are derived from the database to show the effect of snow on the BRF of vegetation. Five bidirectional reflectance distribution function models' abilities of capturing vegetation-snow mixed BRF shape are evaluated by fitting all the BRF data with snow. The results show that the Rahman model, Ross-Li model, and Walthall model perform well in fitting forest, grassland, and cropland BRFs when the surface is covered by snow. The Rahman model, Ross-Li model, and Roujean model fit visible reflectance well for mixed surfaces. The Rahman model best captures the BRF shapes, followed by the Ross-Li model. C1 [Wu, Hongyi] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Automat, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hongyi; Liang, Shunlin; He, Tao] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tong, Ling] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Automat Engn, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wu, HY (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Automat, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China. EM wuhongyi1008@163.com; sliang@umd.edu; tongling@uestc.edu.cn; the@umd.edu; yunyue.yu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; He, Tao/H-5130-2012 OI He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988 FU U.S. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - R Series Application Working Group; Chinese Scholarship Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - R Series Application Working Group through a research grant to the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites. The work of H. Wu was supported by the Chinese Scholarship Program. The manuscript contents represent solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U. S. Government. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 9 IS 5 BP 994 EP 998 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2187041 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 035BA UT WOS:000310915500041 ER PT J AU Shavey, CA Morado, JF AF Shavey, Christie A. Morado, J. Frank TI DNA extraction from archived Giemsa-stained blood smears using polymerase chain reaction to detect host and parasitic DNA SO JOURNAL OF HISTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blood smears; DNA; Giemsa; Hematodinium spp.; PCR amplification ID AMPLIFICATION; SLIDES AB The ability to extract viable deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from archived Giemsa-stained blood smears can be useful to validate pathogen presence using polymerase chain reaction assays. In this study, 76 crab blood smears from years 1988 to 2004 were tested. Blood smear material was removed from slides, after which DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction amplified using primer sets for four loci designed to amplify host and parasitic DNA. C1 [Shavey, Christie A.; Morado, J. Frank] NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Shavey, CA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM christie.shavey@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0147-8885 J9 J HISTOTECHNOL JI J. Histotechnol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1179/2046023612Y.0000000015 PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 022PO UT WOS:000309972300002 ER PT J AU Marks, KM Smith, WHF AF Marks, K. M. Smith, W. H. F. TI Radially symmetric coherence between satellite gravity and multibeam bathymetry grids SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coherence; Satellite gravity; Multibeam; Bathymetry ID ALTIMETRY; GEOSAT AB We compute the radially symmetric coherence between multibeam bathymetry and satellite gravity grids in 25 areas distributed around the world. In contrast to previous studies employing one-dimensional analysis of data along profiles, our results cannot be biased by unseen off-track topography. The mean coherence averaged over the 20-160 km waveband, and the shortest wavelength at which coherence is above 0.5, vary with tectonic setting. Seamounts and slow spreading ridges have high (> 0.7) mean coherence down to similar to 20 km wavelength, other spreading ridges and trenches have intermediate (0.5-0.7) coherence down to similar to 20-30 km wavelength, and continental shelves have low (< 0.5) coherence at all wavelengths. In the areas with highest mean coherence, the shortest wavelength at which coherence is above 0.5 decreases as mean depth decreases. The filter employed in the bathymetric prediction method of Smith and Sandwell (J Geophys Res 99(B11):21803-21824, 1994) selects the most coherent parts of the bathymetry and gravity spectrum. C1 [Marks, K. M.; Smith, W. H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Marks, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Karen.Marks@noaa.gov RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 EI 1573-0581 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11001-012-9157-1 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 021HK UT WOS:000309875700002 ER PT J AU Penaranda-Foix, FL Janezic, MD Catala-Civera, JM Canos, AJ AF Penaranda-Foix, Felipe L. Janezic, Michael D. Catala-Civera, Jose M. Canos, Antoni J. TI Full-Wave Analysis of Dielectric-Loaded Cylindrical Waveguides and Cavities Using a New Four-Port Ring Network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Circuit analysis; dielectric measurements; dielectric resonator; dielectric-loaded waveguides; electromagnetic modeling; microwave filter; mode matching (MM) ID COAXIAL REENTRANT CAVITY; INTEGRAL-EQUATION METHOD; MODE-MATCHING METHOD; PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; RESONANT FREQUENCY; CIRCUITAL ANALYSIS; FILTERS; JUNCTIONS; SCATTERING AB In this paper, a full-wave method for the electromagnetic analysis of dielectric-loaded cylindrical and coaxial waveguides and cavities is developed. For this purpose, a new four-port ring network is proposed, and the mode-matching method is applied to calculate the generalized admittance matrix of this new structure. A number of analyses on dielectric-loaded waveguide structures and cavities have been conducted in order to validate and to assess the accuracy of the new approach. The results have been compared with theoretical values, numerical modeling from the literature, and data from commercial electromagnetic simulators. The method has been also applied to the accurate determination of dielectric properties, and we provide an example of these measurements as another way to validate this new method. C1 [Penaranda-Foix, Felipe L.; Catala-Civera, Jose M.; Canos, Antoni J.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Aplicac Tecnol Informac & Comunicac Avanzada, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Janezic, Michael D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Penaranda-Foix, FL (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Aplicac Tecnol Informac & Comunicac Avanzada, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM fpenaran@dcom.upv.es RI Penaranda-Foix, Felipe/H-9440-2015; Canos, Antoni/I-2095-2015; CATALA CIVERA, JOSE/I-2850-2015 OI Penaranda-Foix, Felipe/0000-0003-4012-0763; Canos, Antoni/0000-0002-5241-0242; CATALA CIVERA, JOSE/0000-0002-0617-1762 FU Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Project MONIDIEL [TEC2008-04109]; Conselleria de Educacion of the Generalitat Valenciana [BEST/2010/210] FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Project MONIDIEL (TEC2008-04109). The work of F. L. Penarada-Foix was supported by the Conselleria de Educacion of the Generalitat Valenciana for economic support (BEST/2010/210). NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 60 IS 9 BP 2730 EP 2740 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2206048 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 019GQ UT WOS:000309725900007 ER PT J AU Getmanov, VG Gvishiani, AD Stroker, K Mungov, G AF Getmanov, V. G. Gvishiani, A. D. Stroker, K. Mungov, G. TI Recognition of the Rayleigh wave disturbances in the signals from depth pressure transducers of ocean-bottom seismic stations SO IZVESTIYA-PHYSICS OF THE SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TSUNAMI AB The problem of recognizing the time intervals with Rayleigh-wave disturbances in the signals from the depth pressure transducers of the ocean-bottom seismic stations (OBS) is considered in the context of the tsunami-warning problem. A new recognition algorithm, which makes use of the frequency-time distribution functions (FTD) of the OBS signals, and the decision-making procedure based on the comparison of the calculated and reference FTD functions are developed. The results of recognizing the Rayleigh wave disturbances in the OBS signals are presented. The suggested approach can serve as an efficient means for solving the problems of recognition and classification of the disturbances in the time series of various geophysical observations. C1 [Getmanov, V. G.] Russian Acad Sci, Schmidt Inst Phys Earth, Moscow 123995, Russia. [Gvishiani, A. D.] Russian Acad Sci, Geophys Ctr, Moscow 119296, Russia. [Stroker, K.; Mungov, G.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Getmanov, VG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Schmidt Inst Phys Earth, Ul Bolshaya Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow 123995, Russia. RI Gvishiani, Alexei/F-8289-2014; Getmanov, Victor/R-9123-2016 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1069-3513 J9 IZV-PHYS SOLID EART+ JI Izv.-Phys. Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2012 VL 48 IS 9-10 BP 671 EP 679 DI 10.1134/S1069351312080010 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 018RL UT WOS:000309679700001 ER PT J AU Waissi-Leinonen, GC Petersen, EJ Pakarinen, K Akkanen, J Leppanen, MT Kukkonen, JVK AF Waissi-Leinonen, Greta C. Petersen, Elijah J. Pakarinen, Kukka Akkanen, Jarkko Leppanen, Matti T. Kukkonen, Jussi V. K. TI Toxicity of fullerene (C60) to sediment-dwelling invertebrate Chironomus riparius larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanoparticle; Carbon nanotube; Nanoecotoxicology; Nanotoxicity; Standard methods ID CARBON NANOTUBES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; NANOMATERIALS; DEPURATION; SYSTEMS; EARTHWORMS AB An environmentally realistic method to test fullerene (C60) toxicity to the benthic organism Chironomus riparius was created by allowing suspended fullerenes to settle down, making a layer on top of the sediment. To test the hypothesis that higher food concentrations will reduce toxic responses, two food concentrations were tested (0.5 and 0.8% Urtica sp.) in sediment containing fullerene masses of 0.36 to 0.55?mg/cm2 using a 10-d chronic test. In the 0.5% food level treatments, there were significant differences in all growth-related endpoints compared with controls. Fewer effects were observed for the higher food treatment. Fullerene agglomerates were observed by electron microscopy in the gut, but no absorption into the gut epithelial cells was detected. In the organisms exposed to fullerenes, microvilli were damaged and were significantly shorter. The potential toxicity of fullerene to C. riparius appears to be caused by morphological changes, inhibiting larval growth. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 21082116. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Waissi-Leinonen, Greta C.; Pakarinen, Kukka; Akkanen, Jarkko; Leppanen, Matti T.; Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Joensuu, Finland. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leppanen, Matti T.] Finnish Environm Inst, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Waissi-Leinonen, GC (reprint author), Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Joensuu, Finland. EM greta.waissi-leinonen@uef.fi RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 FU Finnish Graduate School in Environmental Science and Technology (EnSTe); Academy of Finland project [214545]; JEOL 2100 TEM FX We thank A.L. Karttunen for preparing the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples, H. Laitala for assistance with laboratory work, and V. Tiitu and J. Leskinen of the BioMater Centre in Kuopio for use of and support with the JEOL 2100 TEM. The present study was funded by the Finnish Graduate School in Environmental Science and Technology (EnSTe) and by Academy of Finland project 214545. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2108 EP 2116 DI 10.1002/etc.1926 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 994NW UT WOS:000307938500025 PM 22740114 ER PT J AU Demi, LM Simon, KS Coghlan, SM Saunders, R Anderson, D AF Demi, Lee M. Simon, Kevin S. Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Saunders, Rory Anderson, Dennis TI Anadromous alewives in linked lake-stream ecosystems: do trophic interactions in lakes influence stream invertebrate communities? SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem subsidies; lake outflow; zooplankton; filter feeder; macroinvertebrates; food web interactions; resource subsidies; ecosystem boundaries ID FOOD WEBS; FILTER FEEDERS; FRESH-WATER; ECOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; CADDISFLY LARVAE; FEEDING ECOLOGY; AQUATIC INSECTS; OUTLET STREAMS; DYNAMICS AB Trophic interactions can influence the flux of energy and nutrients between donor and recipient ecosystems, thereby altering recipient food webs and communities. We investigated the potential for anadromous alewife to influence filter-feeding insects in lake outflow streams by altering seston and zooplankton export from lakes to streams through size-selective consumption of zooplankton in lakes. We compared spring and summer zooplankton biomass and body size and seston concentration in 6 lakes and their respective outflow streams (3 with alewife access, 3 without alewife access) in Maine, USA. The contribution of seston particles >= 500-mu m and mean pelagic zooplankton size decreased from spring to summer in alewife lakes, but not in lakes without alewife. However, we found no seasonal change in zooplankton body size and seston >= 500-mu m in the outflow streams of alewife lakes. Furthermore, zooplankton biomass and seston concentration differed between lakes and streams, a result indicating the influence of additional factors on seston movement from lakes to streams. Last, we found no relationship between filter-feeder biomass or community structure and seston quantity, a result indicating that stream communities probably were not strongly regulated by seston availability. Our results illustrate that strong trophic interactions may not be propagated from lakes to streams and suggest the importance of boundaries in modulating the extent to which trophic interactions in one ecosystem can influence the flow of energy to adjacent ecosystems. C1 [Demi, Lee M.; Simon, Kevin S.; Anderson, Dennis] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Saunders, Rory] NOAA, Maine Field Stn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Demi, LM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM mickdemi@yahoo.com; k.simon@auckland.ac.nz; stephen.coghlan@umit.maine.edu; rory.saunders@noaa.gov; dennis.anderson@umit.maine.edu OI Demi, Lee/0000-0002-3085-8214 FU Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station (MAFES); Department of the Interior US Geological Survey; Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Environmental and Watershed Research at the University of Maine [2007ME152B] FX This research was supported by funds from the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station (MAFES), the Department of the Interior US Geological Survey, and the Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Environmental and Watershed Research at the University of Maine, under Grant No. 2007ME152B. This is contribution 3270 to the MAFES. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Government. We thank Kristin Ditzler, Regina Rancatti, and Lauren Kolb for their hard work and patience in field and laboratory. We also appreciate the constructive comments from 2 anonymous reviewers and Garry Scrimgeour, which improved this manuscript. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 41 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 973 EP 985 DI 10.1899/11-124.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021SG UT WOS:000309905100022 ER PT J AU Glover, JL Hudson, LT AF Glover, Jack L. Hudson, Lawrence T. TI Comment on "Estimation of organ and effective dose due to Compton backscatter security scans" [Med. Phys. 39, 3396 (2012)] SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Glover, Jack L.; Hudson, Lawrence T.] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glover, JL (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jlglover@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 39 IS 9 BP 5782 EP 5784 DI 10.1118/1.4747610 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 013VR UT WOS:000309334500046 PM 22957642 ER PT J AU Bennett, DA Horansky, RD Schmidt, DR Hoover, AS Winkler, R Alpert, BK Beall, JA Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Fitzgerald, CP Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Kotsubo, V Mates, JAB O'Neil, GC Rabin, MW Reintsema, CD Schima, FJ Swetz, DS Vale, LR Ullom, JN AF Bennett, D. A. Horansky, R. D. Schmidt, D. R. Hoover, A. S. Winkler, R. Alpert, B. K. Beall, J. A. Doriese, W. B. Fowler, J. W. Fitzgerald, C. P. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Kotsubo, V. Mates, J. A. B. O'Neil, G. C. Rabin, M. W. Reintsema, C. D. Schima, F. J. Swetz, D. S. Vale, L. R. Ullom, J. N. TI A high resolution gamma-ray spectrometer based on superconducting microcalorimeters SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; ENERGY-RESOLUTION; X-RAY; DETECTORS; ARRAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; NOISE AB Improvements in superconductor device fabrication, detector hybridization techniques, and superconducting quantum interference device readout have made square-centimeter-sized arrays of gammaray microcalorimeters, based on transition-edge sensors (TESs), possible. At these collecting areas, gamma microcalorimeters can utilize their unprecedented energy resolution to perform spectroscopy in a number of applications that are limited by closely-spaced spectral peaks, for example, the non-destructive analysis of nuclear materials. We have built a 256 pixel spectrometer with an average full-width-at-half-maximum energy resolution of 53 eV at 97 keV, a useable dynamic range above 400 keV, and a collecting area of 5 cm(2). We have demonstrated multiplexed readout of the full 256 pixel array with 236 of the pixels (91%) giving spectroscopic data. This is the largest multiplexed array of TES microcalorimeters to date. This paper will review the spectrometer, highlighting the instrument design, detector fabrication, readout, operation of the instrument, and data processing. Further, we describe the characterization and performance of the newest 256 pixel array. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4754630] C1 [Bennett, D. A.; Horansky, R. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Alpert, B. K.; Beall, J. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Fitzgerald, C. P.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Kotsubo, V.; Mates, J. A. B.; O'Neil, G. C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schima, F. J.; Swetz, D. S.; Vale, L. R.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bennett, D. A.; Horansky, R. D.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Schmidt, D. R.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Kotsubo, V.; Mates, J. A. B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoover, A. S.; Winkler, R.; Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bennett, DA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 83 IS 9 AR 093113 DI 10.1063/1.4754630 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 015DW UT WOS:000309426700014 PM 23020368 ER PT J AU Podobedov, VB Miller, CC Nadal, ME AF Podobedov, V. B. Miller, C. C. Nadal, M. E. TI Performance of the NIST goniocolorimeter with a broad-band source and multichannel charged coupled device based spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE AB The authors describe the NIST high-efficiency instrument for measurements of bidirectional reflectance distribution function of colored materials, including gonioapparent materials such as metallic and pearlescent coatings. The five-axis goniospectrometer measures the spectral reflectance of samples over a wide range of illumination and viewing angles. The implementation of a broad-band source and a multichannel CCD spectrometer corrected for stray light significantly increased the efficiency of the goniometer. In the extended range of 380 nm to 1050 nm, a reduction of measurement time from a few hours to a few minutes was obtained. Shorter measurement time reduces the load on the precise mechanical assembly ensuring high angular accuracy over time. We describe the application of matrix-based correction of stray light and the extension of effective dynamic range of measured fluxes to the values of 10(6) to 10(7) needed for the absolute characterization of samples. The measurement uncertainty was determined to be 0.7% (k = 2), which is comparable with similar instruments operating in a single channel configuration. Several examples of reflectance data obtained with the improved instrument indicate a 0.3% agreement compared to data collected with the single channel configuration. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752762] C1 [Podobedov, V. B.; Miller, C. C.; Nadal, M. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 83 IS 9 AR 093108 DI 10.1063/1.4752762 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 015DW UT WOS:000309426700009 PM 23020363 ER PT J AU Streit, JK Bachilo, SM Naumov, AV Khripin, C Zheng, M Weisman, RB AF Streit, Jason K. Bachilo, Sergei M. Naumov, Anton V. Khripin, Constantine Zheng, Ming Weisman, R. Bruce TI Measuring Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Length Distributions from Diffusional Trajectories SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE SWCNT; single-walled carbon nanotubes; single-particle tracking; length; fluorescence; diffusion ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; PARTICLE TRACKING; FRACTIONATION; FLUORESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; SPHERE; MOTION; CELLS AB A new method is demonstrated for measuring the length distributions of dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples by analyzing diffusional motions of many individual nanotubes in parallel. In this method, termed length analysis by nanotube diffusion" (LAND), video sequences of near-IR fluorescence microscope images showing many semiconducting SWCNTs are recorded and processed by custom image analysis software. This processing locates the individual nanotubes, tracks their translational trajectories, computes the corresponding diffusion coefficients, and converts those values to nanotube lengths. The deduced length values are then compiled into a histogram of lengths present in the sample. By using specific excitation wavelengths and emission filters, this analysis is performed on selected (n,m) structural species. The new LAND method has been found to give distributions in very good agreement with those obtained by conventional AFM analysis of the same samples. Because it is fluorescence-based, LAND monitors only semiconducting, relatively pristine SWCNTs. However, it is less sensitive to artifacts from impurities and bundled nanotubes than AFM or light scattering methods. In addition, samples can be analyzed with less time and operator attention than by AFM. LAND is a promising alternative method for characterizing length distributions of SWCNTs in liquid suspension. C1 [Streit, Jason K.; Bachilo, Sergei M.; Naumov, Anton V.; Weisman, R. Bruce] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Streit, Jason K.; Bachilo, Sergei M.; Naumov, Anton V.; Weisman, R. Bruce] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Naumov, Anton V.] Ensysce Biosci Inc, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Khripin, Constantine; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weisman, RB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem, POB 1892, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM weisman@rice.edu OI Weisman, R. Bruce/0000-0001-8546-9980 FU Welch Foundation [C-0807]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1112374] FX This work was supported by the Welch Foundation (Grant C-0807) and the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-1112374). We thank G. Canning for providing (6,5) enriched SWCNT samples and for useful discussions, D. Tsyboulski for consultations on image analysis, and T. Gilheart for helpful suggestions in the fabrication of the glass microwells. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2012 VL 6 IS 9 BP 8424 EP 8431 DI 10.1021/nn3032744 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 009QP UT WOS:000309040600097 PM 22924324 ER PT J AU Higgs, MD Ver Hoef, JM AF Higgs, Megan D. Ver Hoef, Jay M. TI Discretized and Aggregated: Modeling Dive Depth of Harbor Seals from Ordered Categorical Data with Temporal Autocorrelation SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Clipped Gaussian; Mean response model; Midpoint regression; Multinomial; Ordinal; Time series ID ORDINAL PROBIT; REGRESSION AB Ordered categorical data are pervasive in environmental and ecological data, and often arise from constraints that require discretizing a continuous variable into ordered categories. A great deal of data have been collected toward the study of marine mammal dive behavior using satellite depth recorders (SDRs), which often discretize a continuous variable such as depth. Additionally, data storage or transmission constraints may also necessitate the aggregation of data over time intervals of a specified length. The categorization and aggregation create a time series of ordered multicategory counts for each animal, which present challenges in terms of statistical modeling and practical interpretation. We describe an intuitive strategy for modeling such aggregated, ordered categorical data allowing for inference regarding the category probabilities and a measure of central tendency on the original scale of the data (e.g., meters), along with incorporation of temporal correlation and overdispersion. The strategy extends covariate-specific cutpoint models for ordinal data. We demonstrate the method in an analysis of SDR dive-depth data collected on harbor seals in Alaska. The primary goal of the analysis is to assess the relationship of covariates, such as time of day, with number of dives and maximum depth of dives. We also predict missing values and introduce novel graphical summaries of the data and results. C1 [Higgs, Megan D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ver Hoef, Jay M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Higgs, MD (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, POB 172400, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM higgs@math.montana.edu; jay.verhoef@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS) [0103RU72448]; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration; MMS Alaska Environmental Studies Program; Alaska Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), through Inter-Agency Agreement 0103RU72448 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, as part of the MMS Alaska Environmental Studies Program. Funding to Montana State University came from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 2012 VL 68 IS 3 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01710.x PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 011RW UT WOS:000309183600034 PM 22118495 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Abel, KR Riggs, JR AF Bruno, Thomas J. Abel, Kathryn R. Riggs, Jennifer R. TI Comparison of JP-8 and JP-8+100 with the Advanced Distillation Curve Approach SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; DIESEL FUEL; JET-FUEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; BIODIESEL FUEL; AVIATION FUEL; MIXTURES; IMPROVEMENTS AB Additive packages are used with aviation kerosenes to achieve performance enhancements, such as higher or lower operating temperatures or increased lubricity. An additive that is used to increase operating temperatures for heat sink applications is the +100 additive that is added to JP-8. As part of a large effort on the characterization of JP-8, we measured the effect of the +100 additive on the volatility of JP-8 by use of the composition-explicit or advanced distillation curve approach. We found that the vaporization temperatures increased modestly in the early stages of the distillation but the difference disappeared after the 70% distillate fraction. We tracked selected components of the additive through the distillation curve and related the concentration to the temperature data grid. This allowed us to determine that the heaviest components of the additive are concentrated late in the distillation curve and a significant quantity in the recovered residue. Still incomplete is our understanding of the role and disposition of the oligomer component of the +100 additive. However, some preliminary viscosity and density measurements are provided to suggest what the fate of this component might be. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Abel, Kathryn R.; Riggs, Jennifer R.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR F1ATA06004G004]; NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship; NIST Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Fellowship FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MIPR F1ATA06004G004). Kathryn R Abel and Jennifer R Riggs acknowledge the financial support of a NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship and a NIST Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Fellowship. We acknowledge the assistance of our colleague Dr. Tara Fortin for performing the viscosity and density measurements on the neat and thermally stressed +100 additive. We acknowledge very useful discussions with Dr. J. Tim Edwards of the Air Force Research Laboratory at WPAFB and Dr. Peter Hseih of NIST. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 9 BP 5843 EP 5850 DI 10.1021/ef301107z PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 006YP UT WOS:000308856000052 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Perkins, RA Friend, DG Sengers, JV Assael, MJ Metaxa, IN Miyagawa, K Hellmann, R Vogel, E AF Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. Friend, D. G. Sengers, J. V. Assael, M. J. Metaxa, I. N. Miyagawa, K. Hellmann, R. Vogel, E. TI New International Formulation for the Thermal Conductivity of H2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE IAPWS; new international formulation; steam; thermal conductivity; water ID CRITICAL REGION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; 70 MPA; 600 K; CRITICAL FLUCTUATIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; WATER SUBSTANCE; HIGH-PRESSURES; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE AB The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) encouraged an extensive research effort to update the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance, leading to the adoption of a Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2011 for the Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance. This paper describes the development and evaluation of the 2011 formulation, which provides a correlating equation for the thermal conductivity of water for fluid states from the melting temperature up to 1173 K and 1000 MPa with uncertainties from less than 1% to 6%, depending on the state point. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4738955] C1 [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.; Friend, D. G.; Sengers, J. V.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sengers, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Assael, M. J.; Metaxa, I. N.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Fac Chem Engn, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Hellmann, R.; Vogel, E.] Univ Rostock, Inst Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012; OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742; Hellmann, Robert/0000-0003-3121-6827 NR 189 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 AR 033102 DI 10.1063/1.4738955 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 014PH UT WOS:000309387500002 ER PT J AU Hellmann, S Rohwer, T Kallane, M Hanff, K Sohrt, C Stange, A Carr, A Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Kipp, L Bauer, M Rossnagel, K AF Hellmann, S. Rohwer, T. Kallaene, M. Hanff, K. Sohrt, C. Stange, A. Carr, A. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Kipp, L. Bauer, M. Rossnagel, K. TI Time-domain classification of charge-density-wave insulators SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TISE2; 1T-TAS2; STATE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; REFLECTIVITY; SUPPRESSION; HEAT AB Distinguishing insulators by the dominant type of interaction is a central problem in condensed matter physics. Basic models include the Bloch-Wilson and the Peierls insulator due to electron-lattice interactions, the Mott and the excitonic insulator caused by electron-electron interactions, and the Anderson insulator arising from electron-impurity interactions. In real materials, however, all the interactions are simultaneously present so that classification is often not straightforward. Here, we show that time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy can directly measure the melting times of electronic order parameters and thus identify-via systematic temporal discrimination of elementary electronic and structural processes-the dominant interaction. Specifically, we resolve the debates about the nature of two peculiar charge-density-wave states in the family of transition-metal dichalcogenides, and show that Rb intercalated 1T-TaS2 is a Peierls insulator and that the ultrafast response of 1T-TiSe2 is highly suggestive of an excitonic insulator. C1 [Hellmann, S.; Rohwer, T.; Kallaene, M.; Hanff, K.; Sohrt, C.; Stange, A.; Kipp, L.; Bauer, M.; Rossnagel, K.] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Carr, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carr, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carr, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rossnagel, K (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. EM rossnagel@physik.uni-kiel.de RI Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Bauer, Michael/G-5111-2016 OI Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Bauer, Michael/0000-0002-4391-9899 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [05K10FK1, 05K10FK4]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF Physics Frontier Centers FX This work was primarily supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Project Nos. 05K10FK1 and 05K10FK4). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. A.C., M.M. and H.K. acknowledge support from the NSF Physics Frontier Centers and used facilities provided by NSF EUV ERC. NR 60 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 11 U2 128 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 AR 1069 DI 10.1038/ncomms2078 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 013XA UT WOS:000309338100036 PM 22990865 ER PT J AU Rudolf, D La-O-Vorakiat, C Battiato, M Adam, R Shaw, JM Turgut, E Maldonado, P Mathias, S Grychtol, P Nembach, HT Silva, TJ Aeschlimann, M Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Schneider, CM Oppeneer, PM AF Rudolf, Dennis La-O-Vorakiat, Chan Battiato, Marco Adam, Roman Shaw, Justin M. Turgut, Emrah Maldonado, Pablo Mathias, Stefan Grychtol, Patrik Nembach, Hans T. Silva, Thomas J. Aeschlimann, Martin Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Schneider, Claus M. Oppeneer, Peter M. TI Ultrafast magnetization enhancement in metallic multilayers driven by superdiffusive spin current SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; DEMAGNETIZATION; DYNAMICS; MAGNETISM; NICKEL; FE; NI AB Uncovering the physical mechanisms that govern ultrafast charge and spin dynamics is crucial for understanding correlated matter as well as the fundamental limits of ultrafast spin-based electronics. Spin dynamics in magnetic materials can be driven by ultrashort light pulses, resulting in a transient drop in magnetization within a few hundred femtoseconds. However, a full understanding of femtosecond spin dynamics remains elusive. Here we spatially separate the spin dynamics using Ni/Ru/Fe magnetic trilayers, where the Ni and Fe layers can be ferroor antiferromagnetically coupled. By exciting the layers with a laser pulse and probing the magnetization response simultaneously but separately in Ni and Fe, we surprisingly find that optically induced demagnetization of the Ni layer transiently enhances the magnetization of the Fe layer when the two layer magnetizations are initially aligned parallel. Our observations are explained by a laser-generated superdiffusive spin current between the layers. C1 [Rudolf, Dennis; Adam, Roman; Grychtol, Patrik; Schneider, Claus M.] Res Ctr Julich, Peter Grunberg Inst PGI 6, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Rudolf, Dennis; Adam, Roman; Grychtol, Patrik; Schneider, Claus M.] Res Ctr Julich, JARA FIT, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Turgut, Emrah; Mathias, Stefan; Grychtol, Patrik; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Turgut, Emrah; Mathias, Stefan; Grychtol, Patrik; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Turgut, Emrah; Mathias, Stefan; Grychtol, Patrik; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Battiato, Marco; Maldonado, Pablo; Oppeneer, Peter M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Adam, R (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich, Peter Grunberg Inst PGI 6, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM r.adam@fz-juelich.de RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; Battiato, Marco/A-6278-2012; Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Turgut, Emrah/D-2616-2014; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012 OI Maldonado, Pablo/0000-0002-8524-819X; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; Battiato, Marco/0000-0002-1902-2272; Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Turgut, Emrah/0000-0001-8846-2223; Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255 FU X-Ray Scattering Program of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Science; Swedish Research Council (VR); European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [214810]; FANTOMAS; International Outgoing Fellowship [GA 253316]; Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) FX The experimental work was funded by the X-Ray Scattering Program of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Science, and made use of facilities provided by the NSF Engineering Research Center in EUV Science and Technology. Financial support by the Swedish Research Council (VR), the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 214810, (FANTOMAS), grant agreement No. GA 253316 (International Outgoing Fellowship, S.M.), and the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank Jurgen Lauer, Bernd Kupper, Heinz Pfeifer, Konrad Bickmann and Thomas Jansen for technical support and Bastian Heller for SQUID measurements. We thank Ben Langdon and Neil Anderson at KMLabs Inc. for technical support and Karel Carva and Mirko Cinchetti for discussions. NR 35 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 9 U2 119 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 AR 1037 DI 10.1038/ncomms2029 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 013XA UT WOS:000309338100004 PM 22948819 ER PT J AU Detrich, W Buckley, BA Doolittle, DF Jones, CD Lockhart, SJ AF Detrich, William, III Buckley, Bradley A. Doolittle, Daniel F. Jones, Christopher D. Lockhart, Susanne J. TI Sub-Antarctic and High Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes: Ecology and Adaptational Biology Revealed by the ICEFISH 2004 Cruise of RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ATLANTIC SECTOR; BOUVETOYA; ABUNDANCE; SHELF; COLD AB The goal of the ICEFISH 2004 cruise, which was conducted on board RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and traversed the transitional zones linking the South Atlantic to the Southern Ocean, was to compare the evolution, ecology, adaptational biology, community structure, and population dynamics of Antarctic notothenioid fishes relative to the cool/temperate notothenioids of the sub-Antarctic. To place this work in a comprehensive ecological context, cruise participants surveyed the benthos and geology of the biogeographic provinces and island shelves on either side of the Antarctic Polar Front (or Antarctic Convergence). Genome-enabled comparison of the responses of cold-living and temperate notothenioids to heat stress confirmed the sensitivity of the former to a warming Southern Ocean. Successful implementation of the international and interdisciplinary ICEFISH research cruise provides a model for future exploration of the sub-Antarctic sectors of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. C1 [Detrich, William, III] Northeastern Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Detrich, William, III] Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Buckley, Bradley A.] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Doolittle, Daniel F.] Fugro Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jones, Christopher D.; Lockhart, Susanne J.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, NMFS, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Detrich, W (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM iceman@neu.edu FU NSF [OPP-0132032, ANT-0440799]; NSF Postdoctoral Award [ANT-0443754]; NOAA's Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program FX We thank the captain and crew of RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, the personnel of Raytheon Polar Services Company, and the staff of the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation for their logistic support of the ICEFISH 2004 cruise. This research was supported by NSF grant OPP-0132032 to H. William Detrich III, and by NSF Postdoctoral Award ANT-0443754 to Bradley A. Buckley. We thank Gretchen E. Hofmann, who was funded by NSF grant ANT-0440799, for her support of the heat shock studies. Daniel Doolittle, Christopher Jones, and Susanne Lockhart were supported by NOAA's Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2012 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 184 EP 187 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 005UC UT WOS:000308774600029 ER PT J AU Greene, CH Monger, BC McGarry, LP Connelly, MD Schnepf, NR Pershing, AJ Belkin, IM Fratantoni, PS Mountain, DG Pickart, RS Ji, RB Bisagni, JJ Chen, CS Hakkinen, SMA Haidvogel, DB Wang, J Head, E Smith, P Conversi, A AF Greene, Charles H. Monger, Bruce C. McGarry, Louise P. Connelly, Matthew D. Schnepf, Neesha R. Pershing, Andrew J. Belkin, Igor M. Fratantoni, Paula S. Mountain, David G. Pickart, Robert S. Ji, Rubao Bisagni, James J. Chen, Changsheng Hakkinen, Sirpa M. A. Haidvogel, Dale B. Wang, Jia Head, Erica Smith, Peter Conversi, Alessandra CA Marine Ecosyst Responses Climate N TI Recent Arctic Climate Change and Its Remote Forcing of Northwest Atlantic Shelf Ecosystems SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; OCEAN; WATER; MAINE; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACTS; GULF AB During recent decades, historically unprecedented changes have been observed in the Arctic as climate warming has increased precipitation, river discharge, and glacial as well as sea ice melting. Additionally, shifts in the Arctic's atmospheric pressure field have altered surface winds, ocean circulation, and freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre. These processes have resulted in variable patterns of freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean, including the emergence of great salinity anomalies propagating throughout the North Atlantic. Here, we link these variable patterns of freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean to the regime shifts observed in Northwest Atlantic shelf ecosystems. Specifically, we hypothesize that the corresponding salinity anomalies, both negative and positive, alter the timing and extent of water-column stratification, thereby impacting the production and seasonal cycles of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and higher-trophic-level consumers. Should this hypothesis hold up to critical evaluation, it has the potential to fundamentally alter our current understanding of the processes forcing the dynamics of Northwest Atlantic shelf ecosystems. C1 [Greene, Charles H.; McGarry, Louise P.; Connelly, Matthew D.; Schnepf, Neesha R.] Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pershing, Andrew J.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Belkin, Igor M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Fratantoni, Paula S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Pickart, Robert S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bisagni, James J.; Chen, Changsheng] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA USA. [Hakkinen, Sirpa M. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Haidvogel, Dale B.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Head, Erica; Smith, Peter] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Conversi, Alessandra] Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Marine Sci, La Spezia, Italy. [Conversi, Alessandra] Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Conversi, Alessandra] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Plymouth, Devon, England. RP Greene, CH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM chg2@cornell.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427 FU National Science Foundation as part of the Regional and Pan-Regional Synthesis Phases of the US Global Ocean Ecosystem (GLOBEC) Program FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Andrey Proshutinsky in clarifying the complexity and unusual behavior of the Arctic Ocean, especially during recent years. We also thank the Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Cornell University's Shoals Marine Laboratory, and the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL) for hosting the research workshops at which the ideas in this paper were developed. CHG thanks FHL for hosting him as a Whiteley Center Scholar during the preparation of this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation as part of the Regional and Pan-Regional Synthesis Phases of the US Global Ocean Ecosystem (GLOBEC) Program. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 61 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2012 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 208 EP 213 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 005UC UT WOS:000308774600033 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, EL Liao, WL Camara, JE Turko, IV Bunk, DM AF Kilpatrick, Eric L. Liao, Wei-Li Camara, Johanna E. Turko, Illarion V. Bunk, David M. TI Expression and characterization of N-15-labeled human C-reactive protein in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris for use in isotope-dilution mass spectrometry SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; Isotope dilution; Mass spectrometry; Recombinant; Internal standard ID ALPHA-FACTOR; QUANTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; SECRETION; ALBUMIN AB Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum are correlated with inflammation and disease in humans. A higher level quantitative method, such as isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS) is needed to compare and standardize the many commercial CRP assays. We compare the expression and purification of N-15-CRP from Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris and show that the protein isolated from P. pastoris has native pentameric structure along with high isotopic enrichment as shown by software developed specifically for this purpose. When this preparation was mixed in various ratios with unlabeled CRP and tryptic peptides of the mixtures were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, the ratios of heavy and light peaks were tightly correlated with input amounts of each protein. In this report we confirm the suitability of N-15-rCRP as an internal standard in ID-MS. Standardization of CRP assays should help validate the relationship between CRP and human health. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kilpatrick, Eric L.; Liao, Wei-Li; Camara, Johanna E.; Turko, Illarion V.; Bunk, David M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kilpatrick, EL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.kilpatrick@nist.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.pep.2012.06.019 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 003SA UT WOS:000308630400013 PM 22796447 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Xu, M Yuan, X Ling, TJ Choi, HI Zhang, F Chen, LG Liu, SY Su, SJ Qiao, FX He, YX Wang, JXL Kunkel, KE Gao, W Joseph, EE Morris, V Yu, TW Dudhia, J Michalakes, J AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Xu, Min Yuan, Xing Ling, Tiejun Choi, Hyun I. Zhang, Feng Chen, Ligang Liu, Shuyan Su, Shenjian Qiao, Fengxue He, Yuxiang Wang, Julian X. L. Kunkel, Kenneth E. Gao, Wei Joseph, Everett E. Morris, Vernon Yu, Tsann-Wang Dudhia, Jimy Michalakes, John TI REGIONAL CLIMATE-WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODEL SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEAMLESS PREDICTION CALIBRATION; SEASONAL FORECASTS; PART I; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATIONS; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; DATA ASSIMILATION; US PRECIPITATION; SUMMER MONSOON; UNITED-STATES C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min; Zhang, Feng; Chen, Ligang; Liu, Shuyan; Su, Shenjian; He, Yuxiang] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min; Yuan, Xing; Ling, Tiejun; Choi, Hyun I.; Zhang, Feng; Chen, Ligang; Liu, Shuyan; Su, Shenjian; Qiao, Fengxue] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Qiao, Fengxue] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Yuan, Xing] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ling, Tiejun] Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Key Lab Res Marine Hazards Forecasting, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Choi, Hyun I.] Yeungnam Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taegu, South Korea. [Wang, Julian X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] E China Normal Univ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Joseph, Everett E.; Morris, Vernon; Yu, Tsann-Wang] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Dudhia, Jimy; Michalakes, John] NCAR, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu RI Yuan, Xing/G-8392-2011; Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Liu, Shuyan/M-8813-2014; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 OI Yuan, Xing/0000-0001-6983-7368; Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; FU state of Illinois through the CAQIMS modeling program; NOAA Education Partnership Program (EPP) subaward COM Howard [631017]; Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) [NA08OAR4310575, NA08OAR4310875]; EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [RD-83337302, RD-83418902]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Grant [DE-SC0001683]; Colorado State University UV-B Monitoring and Research Program subaward [USDA-CSREES-2009-34263-19774 (G-1449-1)]; NASA Grant [NNX08AL94G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM 06-28687, DMS 07-24752]; China National Basic Research Program Grant [2010CB951603]; Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program Grant [10DZ0581600] FX We acknowledge the WRF developers for the integrated effort making this model available as the excellent base from which CWRF has been developed; the PRISM group at Oregon State University for precipitation data with topographic correction; Ruby Leung for the WRFG simulation; and Arthur Samel, Gary Lackmann (editor), and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. This research was supported by the state of Illinois through the CAQIMS modeling program, the NOAA Education Partnership Program (EPP) subaward COM Howard 631017 and Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) Grants NA08OAR4310575 and NA08OAR4310875, the EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Grants RD-83337302 and RD-83418902, the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Grant DE-SC0001683, the Colorado State University UV-B Monitoring and Research Program subaward USDA-CSREES-2009-34263-19774 (G-1449-1), the NASA Grant NNX08AL94G, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants ATM 06-28687 and DMS 07-24752, the China National Basic Research Program Grant 2010CB951603, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program Grant 10DZ0581600. The model simulations were conducted at the DOE/NERSC, NOAA/ESRL, and UIUC/NCSA supercomputing facilities. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies. NR 110 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1363 EP 1387 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00180.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009WP UT WOS:000309056400005 ER PT J AU Twiner, MJ Doucette, GJ Rasky, A Huang, XP Roth, BL Sanguinetti, MC AF Twiner, Michael J. Doucette, Gregory J. Rasky, Andrew Huang, Xi-Ping Roth, Bryan L. Sanguinetti, Michael C. TI Marine Algal Toxin Azaspiracid Is an Open-State Blocker of hERG Potassium Channels SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-LYMPHOCYTE CELLS; LONG QT SYNDROME; MYTILUS-EDULIS; K+ CHANNELS; CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIA; CASPASE ACTIVATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; PEPTIDE TOXIN; BINDING-SITE AB Azaspiracids (AZA) are polyether marine dinoflagellate toxins that accumulate in shellfish and represent an emerging human health risk. Although human exposure is primarily manifested by severe and protracted diarrhea, this toxin class has been shown to be highly cytotoxic, a teratogen to developing fish, and a possible carcinogen in mice. Until now, AZA's molecular target has not yet been determined. Using three independent methods (voltage clamp, channel binding assay, and thallium flux assay), we have for the first time demonstrated that AZA1, AZA2, and AZA3 each bind to and block the hERG (human ether-a-go-go related gene) potassium channel heterologously expressed in HEK-293 mammalian cells. Inhibition of K+ current for each AZA analogue was concentration-dependent (IC50 value range: 0.64-0.84 mu M). The mechanism of hERG channel inhibition by AZA1 was investigated further in Xenopus oocytes where it was shown to be an open-state-dependent blocker and, using mutant channels, to interact with F656 but not with Y652 within the S6 transmembrane domain that forms the channel's central pore. AZA1, AZA2, and AZA3 were each shown to inhibit [H-3]dofetilide binding to the hERG channel and thallium ion flux through the channel (IC50 value range: 2.1-6.6 mu M). AZA1 did not block the K+ current of the closely related EAG1 channel. Collectively, these data suggest that the AZAs physically block the K+ conductance pathway of hERG1 channels by occluding the cytoplasmic mouth of the open pore. Although the concentrations necessary to block hERG channels are relatively high, AZA-induced blockage may prove to contribute to the toxicological properties of the AZAs. C1 [Twiner, Michael J.; Rasky, Andrew] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. [Huang, Xi-Ping; Roth, Bryan L.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Huang, Xi-Ping; Roth, Bryan L.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Med Sch, Div Chem Biol & Med Chem, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sanguinetti, Michael C.] Univ Utah, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sanguinetti, Michael C.] Univ Utah, Dept Physiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sanguinetti, Michael C.] Univ Utah, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovasc Res & Training In, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Twiner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM mtwiner@umd.umich.edu RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; Roth, Bryan/F-3928-2010 FU Sea Change strategy [221117]; Marine Institute; Marine Research Subprogram of the National Development Plan; European Regional Development Fund; National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [R01 HL55236]; UM-D Office of Research and Sponsored Programs Faculty Initiation; NIMH FX This work (Grant-Aid Agreement No. 221117) was supported by the Sea Change strategy with the support of the Marine Institute and the Marine Research Subprogram of the National Development Plan 2007-2013, cofinanced under the European Regional Development Fund; the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant (R01 HL55236); and a UM-D Office of Research and Sponsored Programs Faculty Initiation and Seed Grant and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program. NR 67 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1975 EP 1984 DI 10.1021/tx300283t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 005VB UT WOS:000308777100020 PM 22856456 ER PT J AU Kempel, F Schartel, B Linteris, GT Stoliarov, SI Lyon, RE Walters, RN Hofmann, A AF Kempel, Florian Schartel, Bernhard Linteris, Gregory T. Stoliarov, Stanislav I. Lyon, Richard E. Walters, Richard N. Hofmann, Anja TI Prediction of the mass loss rate of polymer materials: Impact of residue formation SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Polymer; Pyrolysis simulation; Residue formation; Fire dynamics simulator (FDS); ThermaKin ID REINFORCED POLY(1,4-BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE); FLAME RETARDANCY MECHANISMS; CONE CALORIMETER DATA; POLY(BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE); ALUMINUM PHOSPHINATE; MELAMINE CYANURATE; CHARRING MATERIALS; PYROLYSIS MODEL; FIRE; HEAT AB Two different numerical simulation tools, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) and ThermaKin, are investigated with respect to their capability to predict the mass loss rate of polymer materials exposed to different fires. For validation, gasification apparatus and cone calorimeter tests are conducted. The main focus is on the influence of residue formation. Therefore, poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and PBT reinforced with glass fibres (PBT-GF) are investigated and compared. PBT decomposes almost completely, while PBT-GF forms residue. The materials are characterised in order to provide suitable input parameters. Additionally the total incident heat flux to the sample is measured. With accurate input parameters, FDS and ThermaKin predicted the pyrolysis behaviour of PBT very well. Only some limitations are identified regarding the residue-forming PBT-GF. Both numerical simulation tools demonstrate a high value regarding the assessment of parameters' relative impacts and thus the evaluation of optimisation routes in polymer and composite development. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schartel, Bernhard] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Div 6 3, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. [Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stoliarov, Stanislav I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lyon, Richard E.; Walters, Richard N.] Atlantic City Int Airport, Airport & Aircraft Safety Res & Dev Div, Fed Aviat Adm WJ Hughes Tech Ctr, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. RP Schartel, B (reprint author), BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Div 6 3, Unter Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. EM bernhard.schartel@bam.de RI Schartel, Bernhard/B-8284-2009; Hofmann-Bollinghaus, Anja/A-2817-2016 OI Schartel, Bernhard/0000-0001-5726-9754; Hofmann-Bollinghaus, Anja/0000-0002-1168-6701 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD SEP PY 2012 VL 159 IS 9 BP 2974 EP 2984 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.03.012 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 999AK UT WOS:000308281300019 ER PT J AU Castellini, JM Rea, LD Lieske, CL Beckmen, KB Fadely, BS Maniscalco, JM O'Hara, TM AF Castellini, J. Margaret Rea, Lorrie D. Lieske, Camilla L. Beckmen, Kimberlee B. Fadely, Brian S. Maniscalco, John M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Mercury Concentrations in Hair from Neonatal and Juvenile Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus): Implications Based on Age and Region in this Northern Pacific Marine Sentinel Piscivore SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE mercury; methylmercury; hair; neonate; pup; marine sentinel; Steller sea lion; toxicology; ecotoxicology; ecosystem health ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDII; POLAR BEARS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HARBOR SEAL; IN-VITRO; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE; ALASKA AB Mercury is a global contaminant of concern for the fetus and the neonate of piscivores. Methylmercury, produced within marine ecosystems, is of particular concern as a readily absorbed neurotoxicant transported across the blood brain barrier and transplacentally. In the North Pacific Ocean, Steller sea lions are broadly distributed apex predators and, as such, integrate complex food webs and the associated exposure and possible adverse effects of toxic and infectious agents. Hair, including lanugo, was examined using regional and age groupings to assess mercury concentrations in young Alaskan Steller sea lions. The highest concentrations of mercury occurred in the youngest animals, likely via in utero exposure. Based on the adverse developmental outcomes of methylmercury toxicity this specific cohort is of concern. Regionally, higher concentrations of mercury were observed in the endangered western population of Steller sea lions and mirrored patterns observed in human biomonitoring studies of Alaskan coastal communities. These data have broader implications with respect to human and ecosystem health as Steller sea lions rely on similar prey species and foraging areas as those targeted by commercial fisheries and subsistence users and are therefore valuable sentinels of marine ecosystem health. C1 [Castellini, J. Margaret; Maniscalco, John M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rea, Lorrie D.; Beckmen, Kimberlee B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Lieske, Camilla L.; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fadely, Brian S.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Maniscalco, John M.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Castellini, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr,245 ONeill Bldg,POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM maggie.c@alaska.edu RI Fadely, Brian/P-3601-2015 OI Fadely, Brian/0000-0002-9172-1887 FU NOAA [NA17FX1079, NA04NMF4390170, NA07NMF4390312]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5P20RR016466] FX We thank the field research teams of both the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMFS/NOAA), the staff of the Alaska SeaLife Center (ASLC), and the crews of the R/V Medeia, P/V Stimson, P/V Wolstad, R/V Tiglax, M/V Pacific Star, and the R/V Norseman. We thank Darce Holcomb of the Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks, for assistance with sample analysis and Tom Gelatt of the National Marine Mammal Laboratory for providing manuscript comments. Funding has been provided through NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA17FX1079, NA04NMF4390170, and NA07NMF4390312. In addition, this publication was made possible by Grant Number 5P20RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Sample collection described here was part of ongoing Steller sea lion research conducted by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, The National Marine Mammal Laboratory and the Alaska SeaLife Center under MMPA permits #358-1564, 358-1769, 358-1888, 782-1889, and 881-18900-02 and under ADFG ACUC #03-002 and #06-07 and ASLC IACUC Protocol 07-001. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10393-012-0784-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006KK UT WOS:000308817900007 PM 22815134 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Sanderson, BL Barnas, KA Olden, JD AF Carey, Michael P. Sanderson, Beth L. Barnas, Katie A. Olden, Julian D. TI Native invaders - challenges for science, management, policy, and society SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CASPIAN TERNS; HARBOR SEALS; TROUT; INVASION; PREDATION; IMPACT AB The term "invader" is typically paired with adjectives such as "non-native" and "alien", yet native species can also cause ecological and economic impacts that rival those of well-known invasive species. By spreading within their historical range, attaining extreme abundances, and exerting severe per-capita effects as a result of predation or