FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Iguchi, T Matsui, T Shi, JJ Tao, WK Khain, AP Hou, A Cifelli, R Heymsfield, A Tokay, A AF Iguchi, Takamichi Matsui, Toshihisa Shi, Jainn J. Tao, Wei-Kuo Khain, Alexander P. Hou, Arthur Cifelli, Robert Heymsfield, Andrew Tokay, Ali TI Numerical analysis using WRF-SBM for the cloud microphysical structures in the C3VP field campaign: Impacts of supercooled droplets and resultant riming on snow microphysics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL BIN MICROPHYSICS; MESOSCALE MODEL MM5; ICE CRYSTALS; PART I; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; SIMULATION; PRECIPITATION; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; GRAUPEL AB Two distinct snowfall events are observed over the region near the Great Lakes during 19-23 January 2007 under the intensive measurement campaign of the Canadian CloudSat/CALIPSO validation project (C3VP). These events are numerically investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a spectral bin microphysics (WRF-SBM) scheme that allows a smooth calculation of riming process by predicting the rimed mass fraction on snow aggregates. The fundamental structures of the observed two snowfall systems are distinctly characterized by a localized intense lake-effect snowstorm in one case and a widely distributed moderate snowfall by the synoptic-scale system in another case. Furthermore, the observed microphysical structures are distinguished by differences in bulk density of solid-phase particles, which are probably linked to the presence or absence of supercooled droplets. The WRF-SBM coupled with Goddard Satellite Data Simulator Unit (G-SDSU) has successfully simulated these distinctive structures in the three-dimensional weather prediction run with a horizontal resolution of 1 km. In particular, riming on snow aggregates by supercooled droplets is considered to be of importance in reproducing the specialized microphysical structures in the case studies. Additional sensitivity tests for the lake-effect snowstorm case are conducted utilizing different planetary boundary layer (PBL) models or the same SBM but without the riming process. The PBL process has a large impact on determining the cloud microphysical structure of the lake-effect snowstorm as well as the surface precipitation pattern, whereas the riming process has little influence on the surface precipitation because of the small height of the system. Citation: Iguchi, T., T. Matsui, J. J. Shi, W.-K. Tao, A. P. Khain, A. Hou, R. Cifelli, A. Heymsfield, and A. Tokay (2012), Numerical analysis using WRF-SBM for the cloud microphysical structures in the C3VP field campaign: Impacts of supercooled droplets and resultant riming on snow microphysics, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D23206, doi:10.1029/2012JD018101. C1 [Iguchi, Takamichi; Matsui, Toshihisa; Shi, Jainn J.; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Hou, Arthur; Tokay, Ali] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Iguchi, Takamichi; Matsui, Toshihisa] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shi, Jainn J.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Khain, Alexander P.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Cifelli, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Tokay, Ali] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Iguchi, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM takamichi.iguchi@nasa.gov RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 FU NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission (PMM); NASA Modeling Analysis Prediction (MAP); Israel Science Foundation [140/07] FX This study was supported by the NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission (PMM) and NASA Modeling Analysis Prediction (MAP). One of the authors (A. Khain) is supported by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation (140/07). The authors wish to acknowledge the developers of the WRF and HUCM models. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D23206 DI 10.1029/2012JD018101 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055II UT WOS:000312408600001 ER PT J AU Rawlins, MA Bradley, RS Diaz, HF AF Rawlins, M. A. Bradley, R. S. Diaz, H. F. TI Assessment of regional climate model simulation estimates over the northeast United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AVERAGING REA METHOD; ALBEDO FEEDBACK; PRECIPITATION; ENSEMBLE; VARIABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; TEMPERATURE; RELIABILITY; PROJECTIONS; AMERICA AB Given the coarse scales of coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate models, regional climate models (RCMs) are increasingly relied upon for studies at scales appropriate for many impacts studies. We use outputs from an ensemble of RCMs participating in the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) to investigate potential changes in seasonal air temperature and precipitation between present (1971-2000) and future (2041-2070) time periods across the northeast United States. The models show a consistent modest cold bias each season and are wetter than observations in winter, spring, and summer. Agreement in spatial variability and pattern correlation is good for air temperature and marginal for precipitation. Two methods were used to evaluate robustness of the mid 21st century change projections; one which estimates model reliability to generate multimodel means and assess uncertainty and a second which depicts multimodel projections by separating lack of climate change signal from lack of model agreement. For air temperature we find changes of 2-3 degrees C are outside the level of internal natural variability and significant at all northeast grid cells. Signals of precipitation increases in winter are significant region wide. Regionally averaged precipitation changes for spring, summer, and autumn are within the level of natural variability. This study raises confidence in mid 21st century temperature projections across the northeast United States and illustrates the value in comprehensive assessments of regional climate model projections over time and space scales where natural variability may obscure signals of anthropogenically forced changes. Citation: Rawlins, M. A., R. S. Bradley, and H. F. Diaz (2012), Assessment of regional climate model simulation estimates over the northeast United States, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D23112, doi:10.1029/2012JD018137. C1 [Rawlins, M. A.; Bradley, R. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Diaz, H. F.] NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Off Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rawlins, MA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Climate Syst Res Ctr, 611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM rawlins@geo.umass.edu FU Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast from the NOAA RISA program [NA10OAR4310212]; National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Energy (DoE); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (EPA) FX This research was supported by the Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast (award NA10OAR4310212 from the NOAA RISA program). The authors wish to thank the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) for providing the data used in this paper. NARCCAP is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (EPA). They also thank Fangxing Fan for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D23112 DI 10.1029/2012JD018137 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055II UT WOS:000312408600003 ER PT J AU Brandt, P Greatbatch, RJ Claus, M Didwischus, SH Hormann, V Funk, A Hahn, J Krahmann, G Fischer, J Kortzinger, A AF Brandt, Peter Greatbatch, Richard J. Claus, Martin Didwischus, Sven-Helge Hormann, Verena Funk, Andreas Hahn, Johannes Krahmann, Gerd Fischer, Juergen Koertzinger, Arne TI Ventilation of the equatorial Atlantic by the equatorial deep jets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONES; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC; WATERS; LAYER; WAVES; WORLD AB Equatorial deep jets (EDJs) are a prominent flow feature of the equatorial Atlantic below the Equatorial Undercurrent down to about 3000 m. Here we analyze long-term moored velocity and oxygen observations, as well as shipboard hydrographic and current sections acquired along 23 degrees W and covering the depth range of the oxygen minimum zones of the eastern tropical North and South Atlantic. The moored zonal velocity data show high-baroclinic mode EDJ oscillations at a period of about 4.5 years. Equatorial oxygen observations which do not resolve or cover a full 4.5-yr EDJ cycle nevertheless reveal large variability, with oxygen concentrations locally spanning a range of more than 60 mu mol kg(-1). We study the effect of EDJs on the equatorial oxygen concentration by forcing an advection-diffusion model with the velocity field of the gravest equatorial basin mode corresponding to the observed EDJ cycle. The advection-diffusion model includes an oxygen source at the western boundary and oxygen consumption elsewhere. The model produces a 4.5-yr cycle of the oxygen concentration and a temporal phase difference between oxygen concentration and eastward velocity that is less than quadrature, implying a net eastward oxygen flux. The comparison of available observations and basin-mode simulations indicates that a substantial part of the observed oxygen variability at the equator can be explained by EDJ oscillations. The respective role of mean advection, EDJs, and other possible processes in shaping the mean oxygen distribution of the equatorial Atlantic at intermediate depth is discussed. Citation: Brandt, P., R. J. Greatbatch, M. Claus, S.-H. Didwischus, V. Hormann, A. Funk, J. Hahn, G. Krahmann, J. Fischer, and A. Kortzinger (2012), Ventilation of the equatorial Atlantic by the equatorial deep jets, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C12015, doi:10.1029/2012JC008118. C1 [Brandt, Peter; Greatbatch, Richard J.; Claus, Martin; Didwischus, Sven-Helge; Funk, Andreas; Hahn, Johannes; Krahmann, Gerd; Fischer, Juergen; Koertzinger, Arne] GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Hormann, Verena] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Hormann, Verena] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Brandt, P (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM pbrandt@geomar.de RI Brandt, Peter/C-8254-2013; Kortzinger, Arne/A-4141-2014; Fischer, Jurgen/A-4162-2014; OI Brandt, Peter/0000-0002-9235-955X; Kortzinger, Arne/0000-0002-8181-3593; Claus, Martin/0000-0002-7525-5134 FU German Science Foundation [Sonderforschungsbereich 754]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research FX This study was supported by the German Science Foundation as part of the Sonderforschungsbereich 754 "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research as part of the co-operative project "North Atlantic." Moored velocity observations were acquired in cooperation with the PIRATA project. The authors thank Marcus Dengler, Francois Ascani, and John Toole for helpful discussions, Yao Fu for help with the reduced-gravity model, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C12015 DI 10.1029/2012JC008118 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 055DY UT WOS:000312396600002 ER PT J AU Liu, L Bearden, DW Rodriguez, JC Rein, KS AF Liu, Li Bearden, Daniel W. Rodriguez, Juan C. Rein, Kathleen S. TI Biosynthesis of Athmu, a alpha,gamma-hydroxy-beta-amino acid of pahayokolides A-B SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Pahayokolide; Biosynthesis; alpha,gamma-Hydroxy-beta-amino acid; alpha-KIC; alpha-HIC ID CYANOBACTERIUM LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; BETA-AMINO ACID; MARINE CYANOBACTERIA; CYCLIC PEPTIDE; METABOLITES; NOSTOPHYCIN; SYNTHETASE; BARBAMIDE AB Pahayokolides A-B are cyanobacteria derived non-ribosomal peptides which exhibit cytotoxicity against a number of cancer cell lines. The biosynthetic origin of the 3-amino-2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-10-methylundecanoic acid (Athmu) moiety has been investigated using stable isotope incorporation experiments. While alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (alpha-KIC), alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid (alpha-HIC), and leucine all serve as precursors to Athmu, the feeding of [1-C-13] alpha-KIC results in more than threefold greater C-13 enrichment than the other precursors. This result suggests that alpha-KIC is the immediate precursor which is selected and activated by the adenylation domain of the loading NRPS module and subsequently reduced in a fashion similar to that of the recently identified pathways for cryptophycins A-B, cereulide, and valinomycin. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Li; Rodriguez, Juan C.; Rein, Kathleen S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Bearden, Daniel W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Rein, KS (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM reink@fiu.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [S11 ES11181]; Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Grant S11 ES11181. We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility. Commercial equipment or materials are identified in this Letter to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 50 BP 6758 EP 6760 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.119 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 042LU UT WOS:000311473500006 PM 23172981 ER PT J AU Lubchenco, J McNutt, MK Dreyfus, G Murawski, SA Kennedy, DM Anastas, PT Chu, S Hunter, T AF Lubchenco, Jane McNutt, Marcia K. Dreyfus, Gabrielle Murawski, Steven A. Kennedy, David M. Anastas, Paul T. Chu, Steven Hunter, Tom TI Science in support of the Deepwater Horizon response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE science-based decision making; Gulf of Mexico; Spill of National Significance; Macondo; Oil Pollution Act ID OIL-SPILL AB This introduction to the Special Feature presents the context for science during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response, summarizes how scientific knowledge was integrated across disciplines and statutory responsibilities, identifies areas where scientific information was accurate and where it was not, and considers lessons learned and recommendations for future research and response. Scientific information was integrated within and across federal and state agencies, with input from nongovernmental scientists, across a diverse portfolio of needs-stopping the flow of oil, estimating the amount of oil, capturing and recovering the oil, tracking and forecasting surface oil, protecting coastal and oceanic wildlife and habitat, managing fisheries, and protecting the safety of seafood. Disciplines involved included atmospheric, oceanographic, biogeochemical, ecological, health, biological, and chemical sciences, physics, geology, and mechanical and chemical engineering. Platforms ranged from satellites and planes to ships, buoys, gliders, and remotely operated vehicles to laboratories and computer simulations. The unprecedented response effort depended directly on intense and extensive scientific and engineering data, information, and advice. Many valuable lessons were learned that should be applied to future events. C1 [Lubchenco, Jane; Dreyfus, Gabrielle; Murawski, Steven A.; Kennedy, David M.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Anastas, Paul T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Chu, Steven] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Hunter, Tom] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM jane.lubchenco@noaa.gov RI yu, jian/C-1280-2009; Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 FU American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX We extend condolences to the families of the 11 workers who lost their lives on the Deepwater Horizon rig and heartfelt sympathy to the thousands of Gulf Coast residents devastated by the spill. We acknowledge the thousands of scientists, technicians, response workers, and managers inside and outside of our agencies who devoted extraordinary efforts to support the spill response. The magnitude and magnanimity of their efforts have gone largely unrecognized, and the work continues. Significant efforts continue to be devoted to understanding the full impacts of the spill and its consequences for the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. Restoration efforts have been initiated, but there is much more work to be done. We thank the many thousands of women and men, both inside and outside of government, who contributed to the efforts outlined in this special volume and the larger body of documentation on the Deepwater Horizon event. We thank Chris Belter, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) library, for collecting and maintaining a Deepwater Horizon bibliography and Joe Klimavicz, CIO for NOAA, and others responsible for the new online repository done in conjunction with the National Technical Information Service/NOAA: http://noaa. ntis. gov/site/home. php. We acknowledge the contributions from Jennifer Pizza, John Stein, and many more from NOAA, US Geological Survey (USGS), and Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) in the preparation of this introduction. G.D. acknowledges support from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USGS, the Department of the Interior, NOAA, the Department of Commerce, the EPA, or the Department of Energy. And finally, we thank Admiral Thad Allen and President Barack Obama for their trust in and support of science. NR 55 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 145 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20212 EP 20221 DI 10.1073/pnas.1204729109 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600026 PM 23213250 ER PT J AU McNutt, MK Chu, S Lubchenco, J Hunter, T Dreyfus, G Murawski, SA Kennedy, DM AF McNutt, Marcia K. Chu, Steven Lubchenco, Jane Hunter, Tom Dreyfus, Gabrielle Murawski, Steven A. Kennedy, David M. TI Applications of science and engineering to quantify and control the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE oil collection; science-based decision making; well control; Gulf of Mexico; spill of national significance ID BIODEGRADATION AB The unprecedented engagement of scientists from government, academia, and industry enabled multiple unanticipated and unique problems to be addressed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. During the months between the initial blowout on April 20, 2010, and the final well kill on September 19, 2010, researchers prepared options, analyses of tradeoffs, assessments, and calculations of uncertainties associated with the flow rate of the well, well shut in, killing the well, and determination of the location of oil released into the environment. This information was used in near real time by the National Incident Commander and other government decision-makers. It increased transparency into BP's proposed actions and gave the government confidence that, at each stage proposed, courses of action had been thoroughly vetted to reduce risk to human life and the environment and improve chances of success. C1 [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chu, Steven] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Lubchenco, Jane; Dreyfus, Gabrielle; Murawski, Steven A.; Kennedy, David M.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Hunter, Tom] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP McNutt, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mcnutt@usgs.gov RI yu, jian/C-1280-2009 FU American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX The authors thank Admiral Thad Allen, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration General Council Lois Schiffer, and members of the science teams that delivered timely analyses, insights, and articulation of trade-offs that enabled decision-making under difficult conditions. Jon Kolak provided helpful comments. We thank Paul Hsieh and Steve Hickman for help with figures. G.D. acknowledges support from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellowship program and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USGS, the Department of the Interior, NOAA, the Department of Commerce, or the Department of Energy. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 94 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20222 EP 20228 DI 10.1073/pnas.1214389109 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600027 PM 23213225 ER PT J AU Weber, TC De Robertis, A Greenaway, SF Smith, S Mayer, L Rice, G AF Weber, Thomas C. De Robertis, Alex Greenaway, Samuel F. Smith, Shep Mayer, Larry Rice, Glen TI Estimating oil concentration and flow rate with calibrated vessel-mounted acoustic echo sounders SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon; oil plume; Gulf of Mexico; acoustic remote sensing ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DEEP-WATER; GAS; BLOWOUTS AB As part of a larger program aimed at evaluating acoustic techniques for mapping the distribution of subsurface oil and gas associated with the Deepwater Horizon-Macondo oil spill, observations were made on June 24 and 25, 2010 using vessel-mounted calibrated single-beam echo sounders on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ship Thomas Jefferson. Coincident with visual observations of oil at the sea surface, the 200-kHz echo sounder showed anomalously high-volume scattering strength in the upper 200 m on the western side of the wellhead, more than 100 times higher than the surrounding waters at 1,800-m distance from the wellhead, and weakening with increasing distance out to 5,000 m. Similar high-volume scattering anomalies were not observed at 12 or 38 kHz, although observations of anomalously low-volume scattering strength were made in the deep scattering layer at these frequencies at approximately the same locations. Together with observations of ocean currents, the acoustic observations are consistent with a rising plume of small (<1-mm radius) oil droplets. Using simplistic but reasonable assumptions about the properties of the oil droplets, an estimate of the flow rate was made that is remarkably consistent with those made at the wellhead by other means. The uncertainty in this acoustically derived estimate is high due to lack of knowledge of the size distribution and rise speed of the oil droplets. If properly constrained, these types of acoustic measurements can be used to rapidly estimate the flow rate of oil reaching the surface over large temporal and spatial scales. C1 [Weber, Thomas C.; Mayer, Larry] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [De Robertis, Alex] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Greenaway, Samuel F.] NOAA, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Smith, Shep] NOAA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Ship Thomas Jefferson, Marine Operat Ctr Atlantic, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. [Rice, Glen] NOAA, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Weber, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM weber@ccom.unh.edu RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X FU NOAA [NA05N0S4001153] FX We would like to acknowledge Sam Walker and the subsurface monitoring unit for their valuable assistance and guidance during this and other cruises conducted as part of the response to the Deepwater Horizon-Macondo oil spill. We would also like to acknowledge the crew of the Thomas Jefferson for their help during the collection of the acoustic data, as well as the science party and crew of the Brooks McCall for collecting oceanographic data near the wellhead during June 24 and 25. This work was supported under NOAA Grant NA05N0S4001153. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20240 EP 20245 DI 10.1073/pnas.1108771108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600030 PM 22167799 ER PT J AU Ryerson, TB Camilli, R Kessler, JD Kujawinski, EB Reddy, CM Valentine, DL Atlas, E Blake, DR de Gouw, J Meinardi, S Parrish, DD Peischl, J Seewald, JS Warneke, C AF Ryerson, Thomas B. Camilli, Richard Kessler, John D. Kujawinski, Elizabeth B. Reddy, Christopher M. Valentine, David L. Atlas, Elliot Blake, Donald R. de Gouw, Joost Meinardi, Simone Parrish, David D. Peischl, Jeff Seewald, Jeffrey S. Warneke, Carsten TI Chemical data quantify Deepwater Horizon hydrocarbon flow rate and environmental distribution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; deepwater blowout; marine hydrocarbon partitioning; oil spill flow rate ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; OXYGEN ANOMALY REVEALS; OIL-SPILL; METHANE; BLOWOUT; MAGNITUDE; FATE AB Detailed airborne, surface, and subsurface chemical measurements, primarily obtained in May and June 2010, are used to quantify initial hydrocarbon compositions along different transport pathways (i.e., in deep subsurface plumes, in the initial surface slick, and in the atmosphere) during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Atmospheric measurements are consistent with a limited area of surfacing oil, with implications for leaked hydrocarbon mass transport and oil drop size distributions. The chemical data further suggest relatively little variation in leaking hydrocarbon composition over time. Although readily soluble hydrocarbons made up similar to 25% of the leaking mixture by mass, subsurface chemical data show these compounds made up similar to 69% of the deep plume mass; only similar to 31% of the deep plume mass was initially transported in the form of trapped oil droplets. Mass flows along individual transport pathways are also derived from atmospheric and subsurface chemical data. Subsurface hydrocarbon composition, dissolved oxygen, and dispersant data are used to assess release of hydrocarbons from the leaking well. We use the chemical measurements to estimate that (7.8 +/- 1.9) x 10(6) kg of hydrocarbons leaked on June 10, 2010, directly accounting for roughly three-quarters of the total leaked mass on that day. The average environmental release rate of (10.1 +/- 2.0) x 10(6) kg/d derived using atmospheric and subsurface chemical data agrees within uncertainties with the official average leak rate of (10.2 +/- 1.0) x 10(6) kg/d derived using physical and optical methods. C1 [Ryerson, Thomas B.; de Gouw, Joost; Parrish, David D.; Peischl, Jeff; Warneke, Carsten] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Camilli, Richard] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kujawinski, Elizabeth B.; Reddy, Christopher M.; Seewald, Jeffrey S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kessler, John D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Valentine, David L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Valentine, David L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Atlas, Elliot] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, Donald R.; Meinardi, Simone] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [de Gouw, Joost; Peischl, Jeff; Warneke, Carsten] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ryerson, TB (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM thomas.b.ryerson@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Valentine, David/0000-0001-5914-9107 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1049952, OCE-1042650, OCE-0849246, OCE-1043976, OCE-1042097, OCE-0961725, OCE-1045811, OCE-1045025]; U.S. Coast Guard [HSCG3210CR0020]; US Department of Energy [DE-NT0005667]; NOAA; US Coast Guard Pollution Removal Funding Authorization; Consolidated Safety Services, Incorporated FX T.B.R. thanks C. Brock for useful discussions on drop size distributions and A. Ravishankara for critical comments that helped improve the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant AGS-1049952 (to D.R.B.), Grants OCE-1042650 and OCE-0849246 (to J.D.K.), Grant OCE-1043976 (to C.M.R.), Grants OCE-1042097 and OCE-0961725 (to D.L.V.), Grant OCE-1045811 (to E.B.K.), and Grant OCE-1045025 (to R.C.); by U.S. Coast Guard Contract HSCG3210CR0020 (to R.C.); and by US Department of Energy Grant DE-NT0005667 (to D.L.V.). The August, September, and October research cruises were funded by the aNOAA through a contract with Consolidated Safety Services, Incorporated. The NOAA P-3 oil spill survey flights were funded, in part, by the NOAA and, in part, by a US Coast Guard Pollution Removal Funding Authorization to the NOAA. NR 30 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 11 U2 134 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20246 EP 20253 DI 10.1073/pnas.1110564109 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600031 PM 22233807 ER PT J AU McNutt, MK Camilli, R Crone, TJ Guthrie, GD Hsieh, PA Ryerson, TB Savas, O Shaffer, F AF McNutt, Marcia K. Camilli, Rich Crone, Timothy J. Guthrie, George D. Hsieh, Paul A. Ryerson, Thomas B. Savas, Omer Shaffer, Frank TI Review of flow rate estimates of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE oil budget; particle image velocimetry; manual feature tracking ID VELOCIMETRY AB The unprecedented nature of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill required the application of research methods to estimate the rate at which oil was escaping from the well in the deep sea, its disposition after it entered the ocean, and total reservoir depletion. Here, we review what advances were made in scientific understanding of quantification of flow rates during deep sea oil well blowouts. We assess the degree to which a consensus was reached on the flow rate of the well by comparing in situ observations of the leaking well with a time-dependent flow rate model derived from pressure readings taken after the Macondo well was shut in for the well integrity test. Model simulations also proved valuable for predicting the effect of partial deployment of the blowout preventer rams on flow rate. Taken together, the scientific analyses support flow rates in the range of similar to 50,000-70,000 barrels/d, perhaps modestly decreasing over the duration of the oil spill, for a total release of similar to 5.0 million barrels of oil, not accounting for BP's collection effort. By quantifying the amount of oil at different locations (wellhead, ocean surface, and atmosphere), we conclude that just over 2 million barrels of oil (after accounting for containment) and all of the released methane remained in the deep sea. By better understanding the fate of the hydrocarbons, the total discharge can be partitioned into separate components that pose threats to deep sea vs. coastal ecosystems, allowing responders in future events to scale their actions accordingly. C1 [McNutt, Marcia K.] US Geol Survey, Off Director, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Camilli, Rich] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Crone, Timothy J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Guthrie, George D.; Shaffer, Frank] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Hsieh, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Savas, Omer] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McNutt, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Director, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mcnutt@usgs.gov RI Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 20 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 17 U2 121 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20260 EP 20267 DI 10.1073/pnas.1112139108 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600033 PM 22187459 ER PT J AU Ylitalo, GM Krahn, MM Dickhoff, WW Stein, JE Walker, CC Lassitter, CL Garrett, ES Desfosse, LL Mitchell, KM Noble, BT Wilson, S Beck, NB Benner, RA Koufopoulos, PN Dickey, RW AF Ylitalo, Gina M. Krahn, Margaret M. Dickhoff, Walton W. Stein, John E. Walker, Calvin C. Lassitter, Cheryl L. Garrett, E. Spencer Desfosse, Lisa L. Mitchell, Karen M. Noble, Brandi T. Wilson, Steven Beck, Nancy B. Benner, Ronald A. Koufopoulos, Peter N. Dickey, Robert W. TI Federal seafood safety response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, petroleum-related compounds and chemical dispersants were detected in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. As a result, there was concern about the risk to human health through consumption of contaminated seafood in the region. Federal and Gulf Coast State agencies worked together on a sampling plan and analytical protocols to determine whether seafood was safe to eat and acceptable for sale in the marketplace. Sensory and chemical methods were used to measure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dispersant in >8,000 seafood specimens collected in federal waters of the Gulf. Overall, individual PAHs and the dispersant component dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate were found in low concentrations or below the limits of quantitation. When detected, the concentrations were at least two orders of magnitude lower than the level of concern for human health risk. Once an area closed to fishing was free of visibly floating oil and all sensory and chemical results for the seafood species within an area met the criteria for reopening, that area was eligible to be reopened. On April 19, 2011 the area around the wellhead was the last area in federal waters to be reopened nearly 1 y after the spill began. However, as of November 9, 2011, some state waters off the Louisiana coast (Barataria Bay and the Delta region) remain closed to fishing. C1 [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Krahn, Margaret M.; Dickhoff, Walton W.; Stein, John E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Walker, Calvin C.; Lassitter, Cheryl L.; Garrett, E. Spencer] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Desfosse, Lisa L.; Mitchell, Karen M.; Noble, Brandi T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Wilson, Steven] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seafood Inspect Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Beck, Nancy B.] Off Management & Budget, Off Informat & Regulatory Affairs, Washington, DC 20503 USA. [Benner, Ronald A.; Dickey, Robert W.] US FDA, Div Seafood Sci & Technol, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Koufopoulos, Peter N.] US FDA, Div Seafood Safety, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Ylitalo, GM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 89 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20274 EP 20279 DI 10.1073/pnas.1108886109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600035 PM 22315401 ER PT J AU Middlebrook, AM Murphy, DM Ahmadov, R Atlas, EL Bahreini, R Blake, DR Brioude, J de Gouw, JA Fehsenfeld, FC Frost, GJ Holloway, JS Lack, DA Langridge, JM Lueb, RA McKeen, SA Meagher, JF Meinardi, S Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Parrish, DD Peischl, J Perring, AE Pollack, IB Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Warneke, C Ravishankara, AR AF Middlebrook, Ann M. Murphy, Daniel M. Ahmadov, Ravan Atlas, Elliot L. Bahreini, Roya Blake, Donald R. Brioude, Jerome de Gouw, Joost A. Fehsenfeld, Fred C. Frost, Gregory J. Holloway, John S. Lack, Daniel A. Langridge, Justin M. Lueb, Rich A. McKeen, Stuart A. Meagher, James F. Meinardi, Simone Neuman, J. Andrew Nowak, John B. Parrish, David D. Peischl, Jeff Perring, Anne E. Pollack, Ilana B. Roberts, James M. Ryerson, Thomas B. Schwarz, Joshua P. Spackman, J. Ryan Warneke, Carsten Ravishankara, A. R. TI Air quality implications of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CRUDE-OIL; EMISSIONS; PARTICLE AB During the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, a wide range of gas and aerosol species were measured from an aircraft around, downwind, and away from the DWH site. Additional hydrocarbon measurements were made from ships in the vicinity. Aerosol particles of respirable sizes were on occasions a significant air quality issue for populated areas along the Gulf Coast. Yields of organic aerosol particles and emission factors for other atmospheric pollutants were derived for the sources from the spill, recovery, and cleanup efforts. Evaporation and subsequent secondary chemistry produced organic particulate matter with a mass yield of 8 +/- 4% of the oil mixture reaching the water surface. Approximately 4% by mass of oil burned on the surface was emitted as soot particles. These yields can be used to estimate the effects on air quality for similar events as well as for this spill at other times without these data. Whereas emission of soot from burning surface oil was large during the episodic burns, the mass flux of secondary organic aerosol to the atmosphere was substantially larger overall. We use a regional air quality model to show that some observed enhancements in organic aerosol concentration along the Gulf Coast were likely due to the DWH spill. In the presence of evaporating hydrocarbons from the oil, NOx emissions from the recovery and cleanup operations produced ozone. C1 [Middlebrook, Ann M.; Murphy, Daniel M.; Ahmadov, Ravan; Bahreini, Roya; Brioude, Jerome; de Gouw, Joost A.; Fehsenfeld, Fred C.; Frost, Gregory J.; Holloway, John S.; Lack, Daniel A.; Langridge, Justin M.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Meagher, James F.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.; Parrish, David D.; Peischl, Jeff; Perring, Anne E.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Roberts, James M.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Spackman, J. Ryan; Warneke, Carsten; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ahmadov, Ravan; Bahreini, Roya; Brioude, Jerome; de Gouw, Joost A.; Fehsenfeld, Fred C.; Frost, Gregory J.; Holloway, John S.; Lack, Daniel A.; Langridge, Justin M.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.; Peischl, Jeff; Perring, Anne E.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Spackman, J. Ryan; Warneke, Carsten] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, Elliot L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, Donald R.; Meinardi, Simone] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Blake, Donald R.; Meinardi, Simone] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lueb, Rich A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Middlebrook, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Ann.M.Middlebrook@noaa.gov RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Dailey-Fisher, Debra/I-6725-2013; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011 OI Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1049952]; NOAA; US Coast Guard; Consolidated Safety Services, Inc. FX We thank Eric Edgerton for providing data from the SEARCH ground sites and the crew of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) R/V Thomas Jefferson for obtaining air samples around the spill. The NOAA P-3 oil spill survey flights and subsequent data analysis were funded by the US Coast Guard and NOAA. Analysis of those samples was supported by the National Science Foundation through a grant to D.R.B. (AGS-1049952). The research cruises were funded by NOAA through a contract with Consolidated Safety Services, Inc. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 97 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 50 BP 20280 EP 20285 DI 10.1073/pnas.1110052108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058AF UT WOS:000312605600036 PM 22205764 ER PT J AU Wu, HC Liao, ZM Sofin, RGS Feng, G Ma, XM Shick, AB Mryasov, ON Shvets, IV AF Wu, Han-Chun Liao, Zhi-Min Sofin, R. G. Sumesh Feng, Gen Ma, Xiu-Mei Shick, Alexander B. Mryasov, Oleg N. Shvets, Igor V. TI Mn2Au: Body-Centered-Tetragonal Bimetallic Antiferromagnets Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Mn2Au; antiferromagnets; antiferromagnetic spintronics; exchange bias; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) ID FCC IRON; DYNAMICS; BIAS; FE C1 [Wu, Han-Chun; Sofin, R. G. Sumesh; Shvets, Igor V.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Wu, Han-Chun; Sofin, R. G. Sumesh; Shvets, Igor V.] Trinity Coll Dublin, CRANN, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Liao, Zhi-Min] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Feng, Gen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Xiu-Mei] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Shick, Alexander B.] Inst Phys ASCR, Dept Condensed Matter Theory, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Mryasov, Oleg N.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Mryasov, Oleg N.] Univ Alabama, MINT, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Wu, HC (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM wuhc@tcd.ie RI Liao, Zhi-Min/D-5315-2009; Shick, Alexander/C-1420-2013; Wu, Han-Chun/H-3124-2011; Shvets, Igor/J-8710-2013 OI Liao, Zhi-Min/0000-0001-6361-9626; Shick, Alexander/0000-0003-2700-5517; Wu, Han-Chun/0000-0003-0293-9022; Shvets, Igor/0000-0001-7451-5435 FU SFI [06/IN.1/I91]; National Science Foundation [DMR 0804032] FX This work was supported by the SFI under Contract No. 06/IN.1/I91 and was partly supported by National Science Foundation Grant DMR 0804032. This work made use of computing facilities at the Trinity Centre for High Performance Computing, supported by IITAC, the HEA, and the National Development Plan. H.C.W. is grateful to the SFI Short Term Travel fellowship support during his stay at PKU. O.N.M. acknowledges CNMS User support by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Division of Scientific User facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 42 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 47 BP 6374 EP 6379 DI 10.1002/adma.201202273 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 051SZ UT WOS:000312149000019 PM 22996352 ER PT J AU Patrone, PN Gallatin, GM AF Patrone, Paul N. Gallatin, Gregg M. TI Modeling Line Edge Roughness in Templated, Lamellar Block Copolymer Systems SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HUGGINS INTERACTION PARAMETER; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; PATTERNS; LITHOGRAPHY; SIMULATIONS; POLYSTYRENE; BLENDS AB Block copolymers offer an appealing alternative to current lithographic techniques with regard to fabrication of next-generation microprocessors. However, if copolymers are to be useful on an industrial manufacturing scale, they must meet or exceed lithography specifications for placement and line edge roughness (LER) of resist features. Here we use a field theoretic approach, based on the Leibler-Ohta-Kawasaki energy functional, to model the LER of lamellar microdomain interfaces in a strongly segregated block copolymer system. We consider a melt with a finite number of microdomains between parallel, template walls and derive formulas for the interface LER and sidewall angle variation (SAV) as functions of the Flory-Huggins parameter chi, the index of polymerization N, and distance from the template wall. Our perturbative approach yields explicit expressions for the dominant contributions to LER, namely, (i) an interface tension arising from the repulsive interaction between different monomer species and (ii) a stretching energy associated with the deformation of the polymers near an interface. Our results suggest that in order to meet the target LER goals at the 15, 11, and 6 nm nodes, chi must be increased by a factor of roughly 3 or 4 above currently realized values. C1 [Patrone, Paul N.; Gallatin, Gregg M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ppatrone@umd.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; NSF MRSEC [DMR 05-20471] FX Support for P.N.P. was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland, with ancillary support from the NSF MRSEC under Grant DMR 05-20471. The authors also thank Dionisios Margetis, Geoffrey McFadden, and August Bosse for useful comments and discussions during preparation of this paper. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 11 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 23 BP 9507 EP 9516 DI 10.1021/ma301421j PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 051JN UT WOS:000312122600031 ER PT J AU Burke, BG Lavan, DA Gates, RS Osborn, WA AF Burke, Brian G. Lavan, David A. Gates, Richard S. Osborn, William A. TI Nanoscale specific heat capacity measurements using optoelectronic bilayer microcantilevers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CANTILEVERS; SENSITIVITY; CALORIMETER; CALIBRATION AB We describe a technique for optically and electrically detecting and heating bilayer microcantilevers (BMCs) to high temperatures at fast heating rates for nanoscale specific heat capacity measurements. The platinum and silicon nitride (Pt - SiNx) BMCs act simultaneously as a heater, temperature sensor, and mass sensor (24 pg resolution). The calibration of the system was validated for a mass of 12.6 ng by melting point and specific heat capacity measurements of deposited aluminum nanoparticles. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772477] C1 [Burke, Brian G.; Lavan, David A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Funct Properties Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gates, Richard S.; Osborn, William A.] NIST, Nanomech Properties Grp, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burke, BG (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Funct Properties Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.burke@nist.gov; david.lavan@nist.gov RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; Osborn, Will/G-4526-2012 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028; NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 24 AR 243112 DI 10.1063/1.4772477 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 056LD UT WOS:000312490000084 ER PT J AU Krylyuk, S Paramanik, D King, M Motayed, A Ha, JY Bonevich, JE Talin, A Davydov, AV AF Krylyuk, Sergiy Paramanik, Dipak King, Matt Motayed, Abhishek Ha, Jong-Yoon Bonevich, John E. Talin, Alec Davydov, Albert V. TI Large-area GaN n-core/p-shell arrays fabricated using top-down etching and selective epitaxial overgrowth SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; LATERAL OVERGROWTH; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; EMISSION; STATE AB We present large-area, vertically aligned GaN n-core and p-shell structures on silicon substrates. The GaN pillars were formed by inductively coupled plasma etching of lithographically patterned n-GaN epitaxial layer. Mg-doped p-GaN shells were formed using selective overgrowth by halide vapor phase epitaxy. The diameter of the cores ranged from 250 nm to 10 mu m with varying pitch. The p-shells formed truncated hexagonal pyramids with {1 (1) over bar 01} side-facets. Room-temperature photoluminescence and Raman scattering measurements indicate strain-relaxation in the etched pillars and shells. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed dislocation bending by 90 degrees at the core-shell interface and reduction in their density in the shells. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4769376] C1 [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Paramanik, Dipak; Motayed, Abhishek; Ha, Jong-Yoon; Bonevich, John E.; Talin, Alec; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Motayed, Abhishek; Ha, Jong-Yoon] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [King, Matt] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. RP Krylyuk, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Paramanik, Dipak/C-6220-2009; Ha, Jong-Yoon/D-7083-2012 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Paramanik, Dipak/0000-0001-5157-183X; FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0107] FX The nanostructures were fabricated at the Nanofab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. Authors thank Dr. Kil-Won Moon of NIST for preparing the TEM samples and Dr. Erich Walter of NIST for his help with the PL setup. The University of Maryland portion of the work was partially supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award No. HDTRA1-10-1-0107. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 71 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 24 AR 241119 DI 10.1063/1.4769376 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 056LD UT WOS:000312490000019 ER PT J AU Mhaskar, R Knappe, S Kitching, J AF Mhaskar, R. Knappe, S. Kitching, J. TI A low-power, high-sensitivity micromachined optical magnetometer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCALE ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FIELD AB We demonstrate an optical magnetometer based on a microfabricated Rb-87 vapor cell in a micromachined silicon sensor head. The alkali atom density in the vapor cell is increased by heating the cell with light brought to the sensor through an optical fiber, and absorbed by colored filters attached to the cell windows. A second fiber-optically coupled beam optically pumps and interrogates the atoms. The magnetometer operates on 140mW of heating power and achieves a sensitivity below 20 fT/root Hz throughout most of the frequency band from 15 Hz to 100Hz. Such a sensor can measure magnetic fields from the human heart and brain. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4770361] C1 [Mhaskar, R.; Knappe, S.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mhaskar, R.; Knappe, S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mhaskar, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway,Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU DARPA Defense Sciences Office; NIST FX Funding from DARPA Defense Sciences Office and NIST is acknowledged. The authors also gratefully acknowledge valuable fabrication support from Susan Schima and thank Professor L. Parkkonen for helpful comments and for the data presented in Figure 3. This work is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. Government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 24 AR 241105 DI 10.1063/1.4770361 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 056LD UT WOS:000312490000005 ER PT J AU Swetz, DS Bennett, DA Irwin, KD Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN AF Swetz, D. S. Bennett, D. A. Irwin, K. D. Schmidt, D. R. Ullom, J. N. TI Current distribution and transition width in superconducting transition-edge sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; NOISE AB Present models of the superconducting-to-normal transition in transition-edge sensors (TESs) do not describe the current distribution within a biased TES. This distribution is complicated by normal-metal features that are integral to TES design. We present a model with one free parameter that describes the evolution of the current distribution with bias. To probe the current distribution experimentally, we fabricated TES devices with different current return geometries. Devices where the current return geometry mirrors current flow within the device have sharper transitions, thus allowing for a direct test of the current-flow model. Measurements from these devices show that current meanders through a TES low in the resistive transition but flows across the normal-metal features by 40% of the normal-state resistance. Comparison of transition sharpness between device designs reveals that self-induced magnetic fields play an important role in determining the width of the superconducting transition. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4771984] C1 [Swetz, D. S.; Bennett, D. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swetz, DS (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM swetz@nist.gov RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU NASA APRA program; NRC FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA APRA program. D. Swetz was supported in part by a NRC fellowship. Contribution of NIST, not subject to copyright. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 24 AR 242603 DI 10.1063/1.4771984 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 056LD UT WOS:000312490000061 ER PT J AU Walsh, LA Hughes, G Hurley, PK Lin, J Woicik, JC AF Walsh, Lee A. Hughes, Greg Hurley, Paul K. Lin, Jun Woicik, Joseph C. TI A combined hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical characterisation study of metal/SiO2/Si(100) metal-oxide-semiconductor structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P-B CENTERS; SILICON; INTERFACE AB Combined hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and electrical characterisation measurements on identical Si based metal-oxide-semiconductor structures have been performed. The results obtained indicate that surface potential changes at the Si/SiO2 interface due to the presence of a thin Al or Ni gate layer can be detected with HAXPES. Changes in the Si/SiO2 band bending at zero gate voltage and the flat band voltage for the case of Al and Ni gate layers derived from the silicon core levels shifts observed in the HAXPES spectra are in agreement with values derived from capacitance-voltage measurements. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4770380] C1 [Walsh, Lee A.; Hughes, Greg] Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Hurley, Paul K.; Lin, Jun] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Tyndall Natl Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Walsh, LA (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. RI Walsh, Lee/C-6719-2013; OI Hughes, Greg/0000-0003-1310-8961 FU SFI [SFI/09/IN.1/I2633]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors from Dublin City University and the Tyndall National Institute acknowledge the financial support of SFI under Grant No. SFI/09/IN.1/I2633. The central fabrication facility at Tyndall is acknowledged for the fabrication of the experimental samples used in this work. Adi Negara from Tyndall is acknowledged for help with the fitting of the CV curves to obtain the surface potential values. Access to the X24A HAXPES beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory was obtained through a General User Proposal. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 24 AR 241602 DI 10.1063/1.4770380 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 056LD UT WOS:000312490000021 ER PT J AU Song, J Zenteno, A Stalder, B Desai, S Bleem, LE Aird, KA Armstrong, R Ashby, MLN Bayliss, M Bazin, G Benson, BA Bertin, E Brodwin, M Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Clocchiatti, A Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Dudley, JP Foley, RJ George, EM Gettings, D Gladders, MD Gonzalez, AH Halverson, NW Harrington, NL High, FW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hoover, S Hrubes, JD Joy, M Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM Liu, J Lueker, M Luong-Van, D Marrone, DP McDonald, M McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mocanu, L Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Natoli, T Nurgaliev, D Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruel, J Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Saro, A Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Suhada, R Spieler, HG Stanford, SA Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Story, K Stubbs, CW van Engelen, A Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Williamson, R Zahn, O AF Song, J. Zenteno, A. Stalder, B. Desai, S. Bleem, L. E. Aird, K. A. Armstrong, R. Ashby, M. L. N. Bayliss, M. Bazin, G. Benson, B. A. Bertin, E. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Harrington, N. L. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Natoli, T. Nurgaliev, D. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Suhada, R. Spieler, H. G. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. TI REDSHIFTS, SAMPLE PURITY, AND BCG POSITIONS FOR THE GALAXY CLUSTER CATALOG FROM THE FIRST 720 SQUARE DEGREES OF THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: distances and redshifts ID WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; BLANCO COSMOLOGY SURVEY; GREATER-THAN 1; X-RAY; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER; RED-SEQUENCE; DARK ENERGY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS AB We present the results of the ground-and space-based optical and near-infrared (NIR) follow-up of 224 galaxy cluster candidates detected with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in the 720 deg(2) of the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey completed in the 2008 and 2009 observing seasons. We use the optical/NIR data to establish whether each candidate is associated with an overdensity of galaxies and to estimate the cluster redshift. Most photometric redshifts are derived through a combination of three different cluster redshift estimators using red-sequence galaxies, resulting in an accuracy of Delta z/(1 + z) = 0.017, determined through comparison with a subsample of 57 clusters for which we have spectroscopic redshifts. We successfully measure redshifts for 158 systems and present redshift lower limits for the remaining candidates. The redshift distribution of the confirmed clusters extends to z = 1.35 with a median of z(med) = 0.57. Approximately 18% of the sample with measured redshifts lies at z > 0.8. We estimate a lower limit to the purity of this SPT SZ-selected sample by assuming that all unconfirmed clusters are noise fluctuations in the SPT data. We show that the cumulative purity at detection significance xi > 5(xi > 4.5) is >= 95% (>= 70%). We present the red brightest cluster galaxy (rBCG) positions for the sample and examine the offsets between the SPT candidate position and the rBCG. The radial distribution of offsets is similar to that seen in X-ray-selected cluster samples, providing no evidence that SZ-selected cluster samples include a different fraction of recent mergers from X-ray-selected cluster samples. C1 [Song, J.; McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zenteno, A.; Desai, S.; Bazin, G.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.; Saro, A.; Suhada, R.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Zenteno, A.; Desai, S.; Bazin, G.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.] Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Stalder, B.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Bayliss, M.; Foley, R. J.; Stark, A. A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Natoli, T.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Schaffer, K. K.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Aird, K. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Hrubes, J. D.; Keisler, R.; Luong-Van, D.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Armstrong, R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bayliss, M.; Nurgaliev, D.; Ruel, J.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Hoover, S.; Meyer, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bertin, E.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Brodwin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cho, H. M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrosif, Santiago, Chile. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Dudley, J. P.; Holder, G. P.; Shaw, L.; van Engelen, A.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [George, E. M.; Harrington, N. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Reichardt, C. L.; Shirokoff, E.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gettings, D.; Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Knox, L.; Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J. D.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McDonald, M.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rest, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Shaw, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Excellence Cluster Universe; DFG [TR33 The Dark Universe]; NSF [AST-1009012, AST-1009649, MRI-0723073]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NASA; U.S. Government [NAGW-2166] FX The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant ANT-0638937. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The Munich group acknowledges support from the Excellence Cluster Universe and the DFG research program TR33 The Dark Universe. Galaxy cluster research at Harvard is supported by NSF grant AST-1009012, and research at SAO is supported in part by NSF grants AST-1009649 and MRI-0723073. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs program, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.; Optical imaging data from the Blanco 4 m at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatories (programs 2005B-0043, 2009B-0400, 2010A-0441, 2010B-0598) and spectroscopic observations from VLT programs 086. A-0741 and 286. A-5021 and Gemini program GS-2009B-Q-16 were included in this work. Additional data were obtained with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes and the Swope telescope, which are located at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope (PIDs 60099, 70053), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. The Digitized Sky Surveys were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAGW-2166. The images of these surveys are based on photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The plates were processed into the present compressed digital form with the permission of these institutions. NR 99 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 1 AR 22 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/22 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 046ER UT WOS:000311748800022 ER PT J AU Riste, D Bultink, CC Lehnert, KW DiCarlo, L AF Riste, D. Bultink, C. C. Lehnert, K. W. DiCarlo, L. TI Feedback Control of a Solid-State Qubit Using High-Fidelity Projective Measurement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DETERMINISTIC QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; ERROR-CORRECTION; PROCESSOR AB We demonstrate feedback control of a superconducting transmon qubit using discrete, projective measurement and conditional coherent driving. Feedback realizes a fast and deterministic qubit reset to a target state with 2.4% error averaged over input superposition states, and allows concatenating experiments more than 10 times faster than by passive initialization. This closed-loop qubit control is necessary for measurement-based protocols such as quantum error correction and teleportation. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.240502 C1 [Riste, D.; Bultink, C. C.; DiCarlo, L.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Riste, D (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, POB 5046, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Riste, Diego/G-9215-2012; DiCarlo, Leonardo/F-8714-2010 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; FU Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, VIDI scheme); EU; DARPA QuEST program FX We thank V. Ranjan, J. G. van Leeuwen, and H.-S. Ku for experimental assistance, and M. Tiggelman, R. N. Schouten, and A. Wallraff for discussions. We acknowledge funding from the Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, VIDI scheme), the EU FP7 project SOLID, and the DARPA QuEST program. NR 42 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 24 AR 240502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLet.109.240502 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 050QE UT WOS:000312068300003 PM 23368293 ER PT J AU Singh, DK Lee, YS AF Singh, D. K. Lee, Y. S. TI Nonconventional Spin Glass Transition in a Chemically Ordered Pyrochlore SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID Y2MO2O7; DYNAMICS; TB2MO2O7; FRUSTRATION; BEHAVIOR AB We report on the study of unusual spin glass properties in the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb2Mo2O7, T-g similar or equal to 24 K. The analysis of the nonlinear part of dc and complex susceptibilities, near the glass transition regime, suggests the existence of a statistical distribution of relaxation times in short-range ordered ferromagnetic clusters. In addition, the magnetic spins are not sufficiently frozen below the glass transition temperature, which is apparently responsible for the nonequilibrium scaling behavior of the static critical exponents of nonlinear susceptibilities. Our report is expected to shed new light in understanding the freezing properties of frustrated pyrochlores with short-range ferromagnetic interactions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.247201 C1 [Singh, D. K.; Lee, Y. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Singh, D. K.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dsingh@nist.gov FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER46134]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The work at MIT was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46134. D. K. S. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 24 AR 247201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.247201 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 050QE UT WOS:000312068300033 PM 23368369 ER PT J AU Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Holloway, JS Trainer, M Andrews, AE Atlas, EL Blake, DR Daube, BC Dlugokencky, EJ Fischer, ML Goldstein, AH Guha, A Karl, T Kofler, J Kosciuch, E Misztal, PK Perring, AE Pollack, IB Santoni, GW Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Wofsy, SC Parrish, DD AF Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Holloway, J. S. Trainer, M. Andrews, A. E. Atlas, E. L. Blake, D. R. Daube, B. C. Dlugokencky, E. J. Fischer, M. L. Goldstein, A. H. Guha, A. Karl, T. Kofler, J. Kosciuch, E. Misztal, P. K. Perring, A. E. Pollack, I. B. Santoni, G. W. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Wofsy, S. C. Parrish, D. D. TI Airborne observations of methane emissions from rice cultivation in the Sacramento Valley of California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; AIR; ANALYZER; PADDIES; GASES; SCALE; STRAW; CO2 AB Airborne measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were taken over the rice growing region of California's Sacramento Valley in the late spring of 2010 and 2011. From these and ancillary measurements, we show that CH4 mixing ratios were higher in the planetary boundary layer above the Sacramento Valley during the rice growing season than they were before it, which we attribute to emissions from rice paddies. We derive daytime emission fluxes of CH4 between 0.6 and 2.0% of the CO2 taken up by photosynthesis on a per carbon, or mole to mole, basis. We also use a mixing model to determine an average CH4/CO2 flux ratio of -0.6% for one day early in the growing season of 2010. We conclude the CH4/CO2 flux ratio estimates from a single rice field in a previous study are representative of rice fields in the Sacramento Valley. If generally true, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) greenhouse gas inventory emission rate of 2.7 x 10(10) g CH4/yr is approximately three times lower than the range of probable CH4 emissions (7.8-9.3 x 10(10) g CH4/yr) from rice cultivation derived in this study. We attribute this difference to decreased burning of the residual rice crop since 1991, which leads to an increase in CH4 emissions from rice paddies in succeeding years, but which is not accounted for in the CARB inventory. Citation: Peischl, J., et al. (2012), Airborne observations of methane emissions from rice cultivation in the Sacramento Valley of California, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00V25, doi:10.1029/2012JD017994. C1 [Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Trainer, M.; Kosciuch, E.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Parrish, D. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peischl, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Kofler, J.; Kosciuch, E.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, A. E.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Kofler, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Rosentstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Daube, B. C.; Santoni, G. W.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fischer, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, A. H.; Guha, A.; Misztal, P. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Karl, T.; Misztal, P. K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Peischl, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,R CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeff.peischl@noaa.gov RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; California Air Resources Board [09-339] FX Measurements at Walnut Grove and Mt. Sutro were supported in part by the California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, or the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Flight time on the CIRPAS Twin Otter was supported by California Air Resources Board contract 09-339 to the University of California, Berkeley. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 61 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V25 DI 10.1029/2012JD017994 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051BA UT WOS:000312097700002 ER PT J AU Zhu, T Weng, FZ Masutani, M Woollen, JS AF Zhu, Tong Weng, Fuzhong Masutani, Michiko Woollen, Jack S. TI Synthetic radiance simulation and evaluation for a Joint Observing System Simulation Experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EMISSIVITY MODEL; SEA-SURFACE; ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION AB Since 2006, a Joint Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) project has been established at the United States Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. The work provided here documents the simulation of synthetic satellite observations from the OSSE Nature Run (NR) and the evaluation of the simulated results. The Community Radiative Transfer Model was used to produce synthetic satellite observations, which will be assimilated in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation system. Synthetic radiances were evaluated through a comparison with real observations and model simulations obtained from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) 6 h forecast fields. For both IR and microwave sensors, we determined that the bias and the standard deviation of the synthetic radiances were in good agreement with real observations. At the NR initial time, the simulated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiances reproduced observed AMSU-A interchannel correlations and symmetric angular-dependent features. However, the asymmetric angular-dependent bias, mainly related to AMSU-A instrument polarization misalignment, cloud not be simulated properly. The simulated GOES-12 Sounder radiances indicated that the error characteristics of atmospheric temperature sounding channels were similar to those from the NCEP operational GFS analysis system, and those biases of moisture and surface channels were approximately 2 K. To mimic real observational errors, random (Gaussian distribution) errors with the mean and variance estimated by the differences between observations and GFS fields were added to the synthetic radiances, resulting in a 20-30% increase in the standard deviations of the synthetic radiances. Citation: Zhu, T., F. Weng, M. Masutani, and J.S. Woollen (2012), Synthetic radiance simulation and evaluation for a Joint Observing System Simulation Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D23111, doi:10.1029/2012JD017697. C1 [Zhu, Tong] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhu, Tong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Masutani, Michiko; Woollen, Jack S.] NOAA, EMC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Woollen, Jack S.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Zhu, T (reprint author), NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, 5830 Univ Res Ct,Ste 2871, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tong.zhu@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; JCSDA Science and Development Implementation Project FX The work presented here was supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology project 2010CB951600 and the JCSDA Science and Development Implementation Project. We thank Lars Peter Riishojgaard for helpful discussions. We also thank Erik Andersson at ECMWF for producing the 13 month Nature Run simulation. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D23111 DI 10.1029/2012JD017697 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051BA UT WOS:000312097700001 ER PT J AU Rehtanz, M Bossart, GD Fair, PA Reif, JS Ghim, SJ Jenson, AB AF Rehtanz, Manuela Bossart, Gregory D. Fair, Patricia A. Reif, John S. Ghim, Shin-je Jenson, Alfred B. TI Papillomaviruses and herpesviruses: Who is who in genital tumor development of free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)? SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Papillomavirus; TtPV; Herpesvirus; DeHV; Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Neoplasia; Tumor development ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUSES; RUN MECHANISM; CETACEAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES; PROLIFERATIVE DERMATITIS; CARETTA-CARETTA; CERVICAL-CANCER; CHELONIA-MYDAS; HIT; TRANSFORMATION; TYPE-2 AB The number of studies addressing neoplasia in marine mammals has recently increased, giving rise to concern whether such lesions could be reflective of an emerging infectious disease. Eight species-specific viruses, seven papillomaviruses (PVs) and two herpesviruses (HVs) have separately been shown to be associated with genital tumors in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, Tt): TtPV1-6, as well as HVs provisionally assigned the names DeHV4 and -5 (Delphinid HVs). A definite causal role of these viruses in cell transformation remains to be demonstrated. Concurrent PV- and HV-infection has never been reported in marine mammals. DNA extractions from biopsies of genital tumors derived from 15 free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins were selected for molecular examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed the presence of DeHV4, while a serological screening using an antibody-based TtPV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated previous and/or current infection of the HV-positive dolphins with at least one TtPV type. Therefore, care must be taken when drawing conclusions about viral causalities in tumor development, since the "hit and run" and other mechanisms have been described for types of both viral families. This study presents the first evidence of marine mammals having a history of PV- as well as HV-infection and discusses the disputed effects of viral co-infection. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rehtanz, Manuela; Ghim, Shin-je; Jenson, Alfred B.] Univ Louisville, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Rehtanz, Manuela; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ghim, Shin-je] Univ Louisville, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Rehtanz, M (reprint author), Ginsterbusch 54, D-30459 Hannover, Germany. EM Manuela.Rehtanz@gmx.de FU Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution postdoctoral fellowship; State of Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate fund; Florida Ocean Initiatives Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was supported by a Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution postdoctoral fellowship to M. Rehtanz. Funding for this study was provided in part by the State of Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate fund, Florida Ocean Initiatives Grant and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We also sincerely thank Wayne McFee for providing age analysis data about the free-ranging dolphins inhabiting the IRL and CHS. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 160 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.042 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 059GL UT WOS:000312692300003 PM 22763174 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Balijepalli, A Robertson, JWF Drown, BS Burden, DL Kasianowicz, JJ AF Reiner, Joseph E. Balijepalli, Arvind Robertson, Joseph W. F. Drown, Bryon S. Burden, Daniel L. Kasianowicz, John J. TI The effects of diffusion on an exonuclease/nanopore-based DNA sequencing engine SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRREVERSIBLE ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; PROTEIN NANOPORE; MEMBRANE CHANNEL; PORE; MOLECULE; DYNAMICS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; DEVICE AB Over 15 years ago, the ability to electrically detect and characterize individual polynucleotides as they are driven through a single protein ion channel was suggested as a potential method for rapidly sequencing DNA, base-by-base, in a ticker tape-like fashion. More recently, a variation of this method was proposed in which a nanopore would instead detect single nucleotides cleaved sequentially by an exonuclease enzyme in close proximity to one pore entrance. We analyze the exonuclease/nanopore-based DNA sequencing engine using analytical theory and computer simulations that describe nucleotide transport. The available data and analytical results suggest that the proposed method will be limited to reading <80 bases, imposed, in part, by the short lifetime each nucleotide spends in the vicinity of the detection element within the pore and the ability to accurately discriminate between the four mononucleotides. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4766363] C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, CMOS & Reliabil Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind] NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. [Drown, Bryon S.; Burden, Daniel L.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, CMOS & Reliabil Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703; Drown, Bryon/0000-0002-5631-512X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Office of Law Enforcement Standards; Wheaton College Alumni Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); NRC/NIST NIH FX This work was supported in part by grants from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Office of Law Enforcement Standards (J.J.K., J.W.F.R., J.E.R.), the Wheaton College Alumni Foundation (D. L. B., B. S. D.), the National Science Foundation (NSF) (D. L. B.), and NRC/NIST NIH Research Fellowship (A. B.). We thank Dr. James Russo at Columbia University for helpful comments on the paper. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 21 AR 214903 DI 10.1063/1.4766363 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 053EH UT WOS:000312252900049 PM 23231259 ER PT J AU Wang, KC Augustine, J Dickinson, RE AF Wang, Kaicun Augustine, John Dickinson, Robert E. TI Critical assessment of surface incident solar radiation observations collected by SURFRAD, USCRN and AmeriFlux networks from 1995 to 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NET RADIOMETERS; BUDGET NETWORK; ENERGY; CLIMATE; QUALITY; TRENDS; SPACE; CHINA AB Surface incident solar radiation (R-s) drives weather and climate changes. Observations of R-s have been widely used as reference data to evaluate climate model simulations and satellite retrievals. However, few have studied uncertainties of R-s observations, especially long term. This paper compares R-s from 1995 to 2011 at collocated sites collected by the Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD), the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) and the AmeriFlux network. SURFRAD stations have measured separately the diffuse and direct components of R-s as well as R-s by a pyranometer, while R-s was measured by a pyranometer or a net radiometer at the USCRN and AmeriFlux sites. R-s can be calculated by summing the diffuse and direction radiation measurements. R-s measured by the summation technique was compared those measured by a pyranometer or a net radiometer at collocated sites. Agreement among these four independent R-s measurements is good with correlation coefficients higher than 0.98 and an average error (one standard deviation) of about 4% at both hourly and monthly time scales. R-s has a large spatial variability at the hourly time scale, even exceeding 100 W m(-2) in similar to 6 km. This spatial variability is substantially reduced at the monthly time scale. The two independent measurement systems at the SURFRAD sites agree rather well in annual variability of R-s with an average relative standard deviation error of 34%. The errors are 71% and 85% for the USCRN and AmeriFlux sites. Evidently, caution should be taken when using the R-s data collected at the USCRN and AmeriFlux sites to study annual variability of R-s. Citation: Wang, K., J. Augustine, and R. E. Dickinson (2012), Critical assessment of surface incident solar radiation observations collected by SURFRAD, USCRN and AmeriFlux networks from 1995 to 2011, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D23105, doi:10.1029/2012JD017945. C1 [Wang, Kaicun] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 86100875, Peoples R China. [Augustine, John] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Dickinson, Robert E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. RP Wang, KC (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, 19 Xinjiekouwai St, Beijing 86100875, Peoples R China. EM kcwang@bnu.edu.cn RI Wang, Kaicun/F-7813-2012; Yu, Miao/J-2965-2013 OI Wang, Kaicun/0000-0002-7414-5400; FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955302]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175126]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER63198] FX This study is funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB955302), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41175126), and the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-01ER63198). Ellsworth G. Dutton is thanked for his helpful comments. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D23105 DI 10.1029/2012JD017945 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051AT UT WOS:000312097000002 ER PT J AU McKibben, SM Strutton, PG Foley, DG Peterson, TD White, AE AF McKibben, S. M. Strutton, P. G. Foley, D. G. Peterson, T. D. White, A. E. TI Satellite-based detection and monitoring of phytoplankton blooms along the Oregon coast SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; FISH PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM; MODIS; VALIDATION; ALGORITHMS; DYNAMICS AB We have applied a normalized difference algorithm to 8 day composite chlorophyll-a (CHL) and fluorescence line height (FLH) imagery obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aboard the Aqua spacecraft in order to detect and monitor phytoplankton blooms in the Oregon coastal region. The resulting bloom products, termed CHLrel and FLHrel, respectively, describe the onset and advection of algal blooms as a function of the percent relative change observed in standard 8 day CHL or FLH imagery over time. Bloom product performance was optimized to consider local time scales of biological variability (days) and cloud cover. Comparison of CHLrel and FLHrel retrievals to in situ mooring data collected off the central Oregon coast from summer 2009 through winter 2010 shows that the products are a robust means to detect bloom events during the summer upwelling season. Evaluation of winter performance was inconclusive due to persistent cloud cover and limited in situ chl-a records. Pairing the products with coincident in situ physical proxies provides a tool to elucidate the conditions that induce bloom onset and identify the physical mechanisms that affect bloom advection, persistence, and decay. These products offer an excellent foundation for remote bloom detection and monitoring in this region, and the methods developed herein are applicable to any region with sufficient CHL and FLH coverage. Citation: McKibben, S. M., P. G. Strutton, D. G. Foley, T. D. Peterson, and A. E. White (2012), Satellite-based detection and monitoring of phytoplankton blooms along the Oregon coast, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C12002, doi: 10.1029/2012JC008114. C1 [McKibben, S. M.; White, A. E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Strutton, P. G.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Foley, D. G.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Peterson, T. D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Inst Environm Hlth, Beaverton, OR USA. RP McKibben, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 103 CEOAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM morgaine@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Strutton, Peter/C-4466-2011 OI Strutton, Peter/0000-0002-2395-9471 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from the Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) program [NA07NOS4780195]; NOAA Oceans and Human Health grant [NA04OAR4600202]; [NA08NES4400013] FX This study was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) grant NA07NOS4780195 from the Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) program and NA08NES4400013 to the Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies. This is MERHAB publication 165. Thank you to Stephen Pierce and Wiley Evans for data provided and to Michelle Wood for helpful discussion. Initial concept of chlorophyll anomaly product development for Oregon was supported by NOAA Oceans and Human Health grant NA04OAR4600202. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C12002 DI 10.1029/2012JC008114 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 050ZN UT WOS:000312093700002 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Gokcen, D Bertocci, U Moffat, TP AF Liu, Yihua Gokcen, Dincer Bertocci, Ugo Moffat, Thomas P. TI Self-Terminating Growth of Platinum Films by Electrochemical Deposition SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; AU(111); REPLACEMENT; ADLAYERS; PT(111) AB A self-terminating rapid electrodeposition process for controlled growth of platinum (Pt) monolayer films from a K2PtCl4-NaCl electrolyte has been developed that is tantamount to wet atomic layer deposition. Despite the deposition overpotential being in excess of 1 volt, Pt deposition was quenched at potentials just negative of proton reduction by an alteration of the double-layer structure induced by a saturated surface coverage of underpotential deposited H (H-upd). The surface was reactivated for further Pt deposition by stepping the potential to more positive values, where H-upd is oxidized and fresh sites for the adsorption of PtCl42- become available. Periodic pulsing of the potential enables sequential deposition of two-dimensional Pt layers to fabricate films of desired thickness, relevant to a range of advanced technologies. C1 [Liu, Yihua; Gokcen, Dincer; Bertocci, Ugo; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Gokcen, Dincer/H-8723-2016 OI Gokcen, Dincer/0000-0003-1847-1356 FU NIST-Material Measurement Laboratory programs; NIST-National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX We thank J. J. Mallett for his early observations on the difficulty of electrodepositing Pt films at negative potentials. This work was supported by NIST-Material Measurement Laboratory programs. The x-ray photoelectron spectrometer was provided by NIST-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds. Y.L. thanks the NIST-National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program for support. NIST has filed a provisional patent application (Atomic Layer Deposition of Pt from Aqueous Solutions) based on this work. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 14 U2 208 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 7 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6112 BP 1327 EP 1330 DI 10.1126/science.1228925 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 049NZ UT WOS:000311991200062 PM 23224552 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Marchbanks, RD Lee, JH Shaw, JA Weidemann, A Donaghay, PL AF Churnside, James H. Marchbanks, Richard D. Lee, Jennifer H. Shaw, Joseph A. Weidemann, Alan Donaghay, Percy L. TI Airborne lidar detection and characterization of internal waves in a shallow fjord SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ocean optics; lidar; internal waves; plankton; thin layers ID BACKSCATTERING TARGET DETECTION; LINEARLY POLARIZED-LIGHT; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; SCATTERING LAYERS; TURBID MEDIUM; THIN-LAYERS; OCEAN; DEPOLARIZATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; CALIFORNIA AB A dual-polarization lidar and photography are used to sense internal waves in West Sound, Orcas Island, Washington, from a small aircraft. The airborne lidar detected a thin plankton layer at the bottom of the upper layer of the water, and this signal provides the depth of the upper layer, amplitude of the internal waves, and the propagation speed. The lidar is most effective when the polarization filter on the receiver is orthogonal to the transmitted light, but this does not depend significantly on whether the transmitted light is linearly or circularly polarized. The depolarization is greater with circular polarization, and our results are consistent with a single parameter Mueller scattering matrix. Photographs of the surface manifestation of the internal waves clearly show the propagation direction and width of the phase fronts of the internal waves, even though the contrast is low (2%). Combined with the lidar profile, the total energy of the internal wave packet was estimated to be 9 MJ. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063611] C1 [Churnside, James H.; Lee, Jennifer H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, Joseph A.] Montana State Univ, Opt Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Shaw, Joseph A.] Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Weidemann, Alan] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Donaghay, Percy L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02874 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Marchbanks, Richard/I-4410-2013; chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001410IP20035, N000140811217] FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grants N0001410IP20035 and N000140811217. Our pilot was Jay Palmer. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063611 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063611 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 094JE UT WOS:000315258000001 ER PT J AU Miao, YL Yi, Z Glass, DC Hong, L Tyagi, M Baudry, J Jain, NT Smith, JC AF Miao, Yinglong Yi, Zheng Glass, Dennis C. Hong, Liang Tyagi, Madhusudan Baudry, Jerome Jain, Nitin Smith, Jeremy C. TI Temperature-Dependent Dynamical Transitions of Different Classes of Amino Acid Residue in a Globular Protein SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CYTOCHROME P450CAM; HYDRATION WATER; RELAXATION; DIFFUSION; MYOGLOBIN; BACKBONE AB The temperature dependences of the nanosecond dynamics of different chemical classes of amino acid residue have been analyzed by combining elastic incoherent neutron scattering experiments with molecular dynamics simulations on cytochrome P450cam. At T = 100-160 K, anharmonic motion in hydrophobic and aromatic residues is activated, whereas hydrophilic residue motions are suppressed because of hydrogen-bonding interactions. In contrast, at T = 180-220 K, water-activated jumps of hydrophilic side chains, which are strongly coupled to the relaxation rates of the hydrogen bonds they form with hydration water, become apparent. Thus, with increasing temperature, first the hydrophobic core awakens, followed by the hydrophilic surface. C1 [Miao, Yinglong; Yi, Zheng; Glass, Dennis C.; Hong, Liang; Baudry, Jerome; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Miao, Yinglong; Yi, Zheng; Baudry, Jerome; Jain, Nitin; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Glass, Dennis C.] Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, JC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM smithjc@ornl.gov RI Miao, Yinglong/E-1433-2011; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012; hong, liang/D-5647-2012 OI Miao, Yinglong/0000-0003-3714-1395; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [MCB-0842871, DMR-0944772, TG-MCA08X032]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) Award [M906] FX This project was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Award MCB-0842871). Computing time on the Kraken supercomputer and on the Franklin and Hopper supercomputers was provided in part by a NSF TeraGrid Award (Grant TG-MCA08X032) and a National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) Award (Project M906), respectively. This work utilized facilities supported in part by NSF under Agreement DMR-0944772. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 48 BP 19576 EP 19579 DI 10.1021/ja3097898 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 047VM UT WOS:000311869600020 PM 23140218 ER PT J AU Boggara, MB Mihailescu, M Krishnamoorti, R AF Boggara, Mohan Babu Mihailescu, Mihaela Krishnamoorti, Ramanan TI Structural Association of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with Lipid Membranes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BILAYER STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY; FLUID BILAYER; GASTROINTESTINAL INJURY; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; CONSTANT-PRESSURE; DOUBLE-BONDS; DIFFRACTION AB The location and distribution of ibuprofen, a model nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in a phospholipid bilayer was examined in molecular detail by a combination of neutron diffraction and computer simulations. In addition to their use as antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drugs, such nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used in the treatment of a number of diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's. As a side effect, they have been known to cause gastrointestinal toxicity, although the molecular mechanism of their action is poorly understood. In this study, we have used contrast variation-based neutron diffraction to determine the position of the drug in a 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer and explore changes to the bilayer structure upon drug incorporation. In its charged state, the drug was found to locate in the polar headgroup region of the phospholipid bilayer, to induce bilayer thinning, and to increase the number of water molecules closely associated with the bilayer. These structural insights are consistent with molecular dynamics simulations and earlier macroscopic experiments of vesicle structure and dynamics. Using MD simulations, the neutral ibuprofen, typically observed at low pH and inaccessible to the diffraction studies, was found to locate deeper within the bilayer than the charged form. C1 [Boggara, Mohan Babu; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Mihailescu, Mihaela] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Mihailescu, Mihaela] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ramanan@uh.edu RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011 OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X FU Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board through the Advanced Technology Program; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0708096] FX We thank the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board through the Advanced Technology Program for partial financial support of this work. We also thank the National Science Foundation (grant no. CMMI-0708096) for partial financial support. We acknowledge the Texas Learning & Computation Center at the University of Houston for the computational resources. We also thank Assistant Professor Manolis Doxastakis (University of Houston) and Professor Lenard M. Lichtenberger (The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston) for their useful comments of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 48 BP 19669 EP 19676 DI 10.1021/ja3054342 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 047VM UT WOS:000311869600034 PM 23134450 ER PT J AU Dong, HS Fahmy, TM Metcalfe, SM Morton, SL Dong, X Inverardi, L Adams, DB Gao, WD Wang, HJ AF Dong, Huansheng Fahmy, Tarek M. Metcalfe, Su M. Morton, Steve L. Dong, Xiao Inverardi, Luca Adams, David B. Gao, Wenda Wang, Hongjun TI Immuno-Isolation of Pancreatic Islet Allografts Using Pegylated Nanotherapy Leads to Long-Term Normoglycemia in Full MHC Mismatch Recipient Mice SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; BETA-CELL NEOGENESIS; IN-VITRO; SURFACE MODIFICATION; PLGA SCAFFOLDS; TRANSPLANTATION; DEVICES; TECHNOLOGIES; EXPRESSION; CAMOUFLAGE AB Two major hurdles need to be surmounted for cell therapy for diabetes: (i) allo-immune rejection of grafted pancreatic islets, or stem/precursor cell-derived insulin-secreting cells; and (ii) continuing auto-immunity against the diabetogenic endogenous target antigen. Nanotherapeutics offer a novel approach to overcome these problems and here we ask if creation of "stealth'' islets encapsulated within a thin cage of pegylated material of 100-200 nanometers thick provides a viable option for islet transplantation. The aims of this study were to test islet viability and functionality following encapsulation within the pegylated cage, and functional efficacy in vivo in terms of graft-derived control of normoglycemia in diabetic mice. We first demonstrated that pegylation of the islet surface, plus or minus nanoparticles, improved long-term islet viability in vitro compared to non-pegylated (naked) control islets. Moreover, pegylation of the islets with nanoparticles was compatible with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin biogenesis. We next looked for functionality of the created "stealth'' DBA/2 (H-2(d)) islets in vivo by comparing glycemic profiles across 4 groups of streptozotozin- induced diabetic C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) recipients of (i) naked islets; (ii) pegylated islets; (iii) pegylated islets with nanoparticles (empty); and (iv) pegylated islets with nanoparticles loaded with a cargo of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a factor both promotes adaptive immune tolerance and regulates pancreatic beta cell mass. Without any other treatment, normoglycemia was lost after 17 d (+/27.5 d) in control group. In striking contrast, recipients in groups (ii), (iii), and (iv) showed long-term (>100 d) normoglycemia involving 30%; 43%, and 57% of the recipients in each respective group. In conclusion, construction of "stealth'' islets by pegylation-based nanotherapeutics not only supports islet structure and function, but also effectively isolates the islets from immune-mediated destruction. The added value of nanoparticles to deliver immune modulators plus growth factors such as LIF expands the potential of this novel therapeutic approach to cell therapy for diabetes. Citation: Dong H, Fahmy TM, Metcalfe SM, Morton SL, Dong X, et al. (2012) Immuno-Isolation of Pancreatic Islet Allografts Using Pegylated Nanotherapy Leads to Long-Term Normoglycemia in Full MHC Mismatch Recipient Mice. PLoS ONE 7(12): e50265. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050265 C1 [Dong, Huansheng; Adams, David B.; Wang, Hongjun] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Surg, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Fahmy, Tarek M.] Yale Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, New Haven, CT USA. [Metcalfe, Su M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Neurol, Brain Repair Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Morton, Steve L.] Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC USA. [Dong, Xiao] Qingdao Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Inverardi, Luca] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Diabet Res Inst, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Gao, Wenda] Antagen Inst Biomed Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Wang, HJ (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Surg, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM wangho@musc.edu FU JDRF [41-2009-760, 5-2012-149]; National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources Grant at South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research (SCTR) Institute [UL1RR029882]; Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) FX This study was supported in part by JDRF grant 41-2009-760 (to WG, HW, TF, and SMM), the JDRF grant 5-2012-149 (to HW and DA), and the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources Grant Number UL1RR029882 at South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research (SCTR) Institute and the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e50265 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050265 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 057TZ UT WOS:000312588200023 PM 23227162 ER PT J AU Mason, B Schmale, M Gibbs, P Miller, MW Wang, Q Levay, K Shestopalov, V Slepak, VZ AF Mason, Benjamin Schmale, Michael Gibbs, Patrick Miller, Margaret W. Wang, Qiang Levay, Konstantin Shestopalov, Valery Slepak, Vladlen Z. TI Evidence for Multiple Phototransduction Pathways in a Reef-Building Coral SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RHODOPSIN FAMILY; VISUAL PIGMENTS; PLANULA LARVAE; EVOLUTION; LIGHT; OPSINS; MELANOPSIN; COUNTERION AB Photosensitive behaviors and circadian rhythms are well documented in reef-building corals and their larvae, but the mechanisms responsible for photoreception have not been described in these organisms. Here we report the cloning, immunolocalization, and partial biochemical characterization of three opsins and four G proteins expressed in planulae of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata. All three opsins (acropsins 1-3) possess conserved seven-pass transmembrane structure, and localize to distinct regions of coral planulae. Acropsin 1 was localized in the larval endoderm, while acropsin 2 was localized in solitary cells of the ectoderm. These rod-like cells displayed a remarkably polarized distribution, concentrated in the aboral end. We also cloned four A. palmata G protein alpha subunits. Three were homologs of vertebrate Gi, Go, and Gq. The fourth is presumably a novel G protein, which displays only 40% identity with the nearest known G protein, and we termed it Gc for "cnidarian''. We show that Gc and Gq can be activated by acropsins in a light-dependent manner in vitro. This indicates that at least acropsins 1 and 3 can form functional photoreceptors and potentially may play a role in color preference during settlement, vertical positioning and other light-guided behaviors observed in coral larvae. Citation: Mason B, Schmale M, Gibbs P, Miller MW, Wang Q, et al. (2012) Evidence for Multiple Phototransduction Pathways in a Reef-Building Coral. PLoS ONE 7(12): e50371. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050371 C1 [Mason, Benjamin; Wang, Qiang; Levay, Konstantin; Slepak, Vladlen Z.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Pharmacol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Mason, Benjamin; Schmale, Michael; Gibbs, Patrick] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Miller, Margaret W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Shestopalov, Valery] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Mason, B (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM ben.mason@jcu.edu.au; VSlepak@med.miami.edu FU Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program; Henry Foundation; Ocean Foundation; University of Miami SAC award; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RO1EY018666, RO1GM060019, EY017991, EY021517]; NIH center grant [P30 EY014801]; Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB) grant FX We gratefully acknowledge D. Williams, L. Johnston, and others for their assistance with fieldwork and larval culture, M. Medina for supplying larval RNA, I. Baums and N. Polato for sharing unpublished A. palmata transcriptome data, G. Gaidosh for help with confocal microscopy and imaging, R. Crouch (Medical University of South Carolina and NEI, National Institutes of Health) for providing 11-cis-retinal, D. Farrens for helpful discussions, and R. Albright for advice during preparation of this manuscript. This project was facilitated by permits FKNMS-2006-026, FKNMS-2009-022, FKNMS-2010-055, and support from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.; Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program, the Henry Foundation, and the Ocean Foundation. The project was also supported by University of Miami SAC award and National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants RO1EY018666 and RO1GM060019 (VZS) and EY017991 and EY021517 (VIS), NIH center grant P30 EY014801 and an unrestricted Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB) grant to the Department of Ophthalmology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e50371 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050371 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 057TZ UT WOS:000312588200030 PM 23227169 ER PT J AU Nicholson, TL Martin, MJ Williams, JR Bloom, BJ Bishof, M Swallows, MD Campbell, SL Ye, J AF Nicholson, T. L. Martin, M. J. Williams, J. R. Bloom, B. J. Bishof, M. Swallows, M. D. Campbell, S. L. Ye, J. TI Comparison of Two Independent Sr Optical Clocks with 1 x 10(-17) Stability at 10(3) s SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; LASER STABILIZATION; FREQUENCY; NOISE; PRECISION; CAVITY AB Many-particle optical lattice clocks have the potential for unprecedented measurement precision and stability due to their low quantum projection noise. However, this potential has so far never been realized because clock stability has been limited by frequency noise of optical local oscillators. By synchronously probing two Sr-87 lattice systems using a laser with a thermal noise floor of 1 x 10(-15), we remove classically correlated laser noise from the intercomparison, but this does not demonstrate independent clock performance. With an improved optical oscillator that has a 1 x 10(-16) thermal noise floor, we demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement over the best reported stability of any independent clock, achieving a fractional instability of 1 x 10(-17) in 1000 s of averaging time for synchronous or asynchronous comparisons. This result is within a factor of 2 of the combined quantum projection noise limit for a 160 ms probe time with similar to 10(3) atoms in each clock. We further demonstrate that even at this high precision, the overall systematic uncertainty of our clock is not limited by atomic interactions. For the second Sr clock, which has a cavity-enhanced lattice, the atomic-density-dependent frequency shift is evaluated to be -3.11 x 10(-17) with an uncertainty of 8.2 x 10(-19). C1 [Nicholson, T. L.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nicholson, TL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Bloom, Benjamin/J-4799-2012; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI Bloom, Benjamin/0000-0001-6831-0601; Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991 FU NIST; NSF; DARPA; NRC RAP; NDSEG FX We acknowledge funding support from NIST, NSF, and DARPA. J.R.W. is supported by NRC RAP. M.B. acknowledges support from NDSEG. S.L.C. acknowledges support from NSF. We thank X. Zhang and W. Zhang for technical contributions. NR 36 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 23 AR 230801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.230801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049VT UT WOS:000312012200004 PM 23368177 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Porsev, SG Clark, CW AF Safronova, M. S. Porsev, S. G. Clark, Charles W. TI Ytterbium in Quantum Gases and Atomic Clocks: van der Waals Interactions and Blackbody Shifts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZABILITIES; COEFFICIENTS; BARIUM AB We evaluated the C-6 coefficients of Yb-Yb, Yb-alkali, and Yb-group II van der Waals interactions with 2% uncertainty. The only existing experimental result for such quantities is for the Yb-Yb dimer. Our value, C-6 = 1929(39) a.u., is in excellent agreement with the recent experimental determination of 1932(35) a.u. We have also developed a new approach for the calculation of the dynamic correction to the blackbody radiation shift. We have calculated this quantity for the Yb 6s(2) S-1(0) - 6s6p P-3(0)o clock transition with 3.5% uncertainty. This reduces the fractional uncertainty due to the blackbody radiation shift in the Yb optical clock at 300 K to the 10(-18) level. C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671]; Office of Naval Research; US NSF [PHY-1068699]; RFBR [11-02-00943] FX We thank P. Julienne, C. Oates, and J. Sherman for helpful discussions. This research was performed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671 and by the Office of Naval Research. The work of S. G. P. was supported in part by US NSF Grant No. PHY-1068699 and RFBR Grant No. 11-02-00943. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 23 AR 230802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.230802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049VT UT WOS:000312012200005 PM 23368178 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Martin, J Wong-Ng, W Nolas, GS AF Mansour, A. N. Martin, J. Wong-Ng, W. Nolas, G. S. TI Electronic and atomic structure of Ba8Ga16Ge30-xSix type I clathrates: Ge and Ga XAFS study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; BA8GA16SI30; SR8GA16GE30; BA8IN16SN30; AMPLITUDE; IFEFFIT AB X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at the Ga and Ge K-edges was used to study changes in the Ga and Ge electronic structure and local coordination geometry as a function of composition in Ba8Ga16Ge30-xSix type I clathrates (x = 0, 7.5, 9.1, 10.7, 13.4 and 30). Based on XANES data, the partial density of unoccupied states with p character is modified for both Ga and Ge upon Si substitution. Among the specimens which contain both Ge and Si, we found that the specimen with the highest measured power factor (i.e., x = 7.5) has the lowest density of unoccupied states for both Ga and Ge. Our experimental results are qualitatively consistent with computational results based on density functional theory, indicating that a series of pertinent electronic states are modified by Si p states. This suggests that an increase in the electron density near the Fermi level for an optimal Si substitution leads to an increase in the Seebeck coefficient and consequently in the power factor, according to the Cutler-Mott relation. Based on quantitative analysis of EXAFS spectra, we found that Ga has more Si neighbors than Ge, indicating that Si resides preferentially next to Ga. Both the Ge-Ga/Ge and Ga-Ge/Ga coordination distances remain relatively unchanged (similar to 2.51 angstrom) regardless of the degree of Si substitution. Furthermore, the Ge-Si and Ga-Si coordination distances remain relatively unchanged at similar to 2.41 and similar to 2.45 angstrom, respectively, regardless of the degree of Si substitution. For the Ba8Ga16Si30 specimen, on average, Ga is coordinated with 0.9 Ga and 3.1 Si at roughly the same distance of similar to 2.50 angstrom. The number of Ga-Ga bonds is consistent with the fact that Ga is distributed on the framework sites in a way which reduces the number of Ga-Ga bonds relative to that based on a random distribution. An understanding of the underlying physics of the structure-property relationship provides for potential additional routes for tuning the electronic properties of clathrates for thermoelectric applications. C1 [Mansour, A. N.] USN, Mat & Power Syst Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Martin, J.; Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Mat & Power Syst Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM azzam.mansour@navy.mil; joshua.martin@nist.gov; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; gnolas@usf.edu FU Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program [0601152N]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-04ER46145] FX ANM acknowledges financial support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administrated under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. GSN acknowledges support by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Award No. DE-FG02-04ER46145 for data analyses. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 5 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 48 AR 485503 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/48/485503 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 037LI UT WOS:000311105400016 PM 23139227 ER PT J AU Mah, CL Mercier, A Hamel, JF Nizinski, M AF Mah, Christopher L. Mercier, Annie Hamel, Jean-Francois Nizinski, Martha TI Range Extensions and Taxonomic Notes on Atlantic Myxasteridae (Velatida; Asteroidea) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article ID ECHINODERMATA AB Newly collected specimens of the Atlantic Myxaster sol and a further record of Pythonaster atlantidis add to the known occurrence records and the morphological variation of these rarely encountered species. Distribution data suggests that both M. sol and P. atlantidis are pan-Atlantic species and are similar to other widely distributed deep-sea asteroid species. Re-examination of the type of Myxaster perrieri further supports its placement within Myxaster and not Pythonaster as has been recently reported. C1 [Mah, Christopher L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Mah, Christopher L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mercier, Annie] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF, Canada. [Hamel, Jean-Francois] SEVE, Portugal Cove St Philips, NF, Canada. [Nizinski, Martha] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mah, CL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mahch@si.edu; amercier@mun.ca; jfhamel.seve@gmail.com; Nizinski@si.edu FU Marc Eleaume and Nadia Ameziane (MNHN); NSF [1036358] FX Andy Gale provided specimen measurements. Eric Lazo-Wazem (YPM) and Paul Greenhall (USNM) provided specimen loan assistance. Marc Eleaume and Nadia Ameziane (MNHN) provided financial assistance for research in Paris. Kerry Howell, David Billett, and Francisco Benitez-Villalobos provided information or assistance with Myxaster specimens from the Southampton benthic invertebrates collection. Graham Johnston, Marine Institute of Ireland graciously provided measurements and locality information. The authors thank Mike Vecchione, National Marine Fisheries Service, for access to material from Bear Seamount. This publication was supported by NSF 1036358 Assembling the Echinoderm Tree of Life grant to Louisiana State University. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 5 PY 2012 IS 3572 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 048BP UT WOS:000311885500007 ER PT J AU Appeltans, W Ahyong, ST Anderson, G Angel, MV Artois, T Bailly, N Bamber, R Barber, A Bartsch, I Berta, A Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, M Bock, P Boxshall, G Boyko, CB Brandao, SN Bray, RA Bruce, NL Cairns, SD Chan, TY Cheng, LN Collins, AG Cribb, T Curini-Galletti, M Dahdouh-Guebas, F Davie, PJF Dawson, MN De Clerck, O Decock, W De Grave, S de Voogd, NJ Domning, DP Emig, CC Erseus, C Eschmeyer, W Fauchald, K Fautin, DG Feist, SW Fransen, CHJM Furuya, H Garcia-Alvarez, O Gerken, S Gibson, D Gittenberger, A Gofas, S Gomez-Daglio, L Gordon, DP Guiry, MD Hernandez, F Hoeksema, BW Hopcroft, RR Jaume, D Kirk, P Koedam, N Koenemann, S Kolb, JB Kristensen, RM Kroh, A Lambert, G Lazarus, DB Lemaitre, R Longshaw, M Lowry, J Macpherson, E Madin, LP Mah, C Mapstone, G McLaughlin, PA Mees, J Meland, K Messing, CG Mills, CE Molodtsova, TN Mooi, R Neuhaus, B Ng, PKL Nielsen, C Norenburg, J Opresko, DM Osawa, M Paulay, G Perrin, W Pilger, JF Poore, GCB Pugh, P Read, GB Reimer, JD Rius, M Rocha, RM Saiz-Salinas, JI Scarabino, V Schierwater, B Schmidt-Rhaesa, A Schnabel, KE Schotte, M Schuchert, P Schwabe, E Segers, H Self-Sullivan, C Shenkar, N Siegel, V Sterrer, W Stohr, S Swalla, B Tasker, ML Thuesen, EV Timm, T Todaro, MA Turon, X Tyler, S Uetz, P van der Land, J Vanhoorne, B van Ofwegen, LP van Soest, RWM Vanaverbeke, J Walker-Smith, G Walter, TC Warren, A Williams, GC Wilson, SP Costello, MJ AF Appeltans, Ward Ahyong, Shane T. Anderson, Gary Angel, Martin V. Artois, Tom Bailly, Nicolas Bamber, Roger Barber, Anthony Bartsch, Ilse Berta, Annalisa Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, Magdalena Bock, Phil Boxshall, Geoff Boyko, Christopher B. Brandao, Simone Nunes Bray, Rod A. Bruce, Niel L. Cairns, Stephen D. Chan, Tin-Yam Cheng, Lanna Collins, Allen G. Cribb, Thomas Curini-Galletti, Marco Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid Davie, Peter J. F. Dawson, Michael N. De Clerck, Olivier Decock, Wim De Grave, Sammy de Voogd, Nicole J. Domning, Daryl P. Emig, Christian C. Erseus, Christer Eschmeyer, William Fauchald, Kristian Fautin, Daphne G. Feist, Stephen W. Fransen, Charles H. J. M. Furuya, Hidetaka Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar Gerken, Sarah Gibson, David Gittenberger, Arjan Gofas, Serge Gomez-Daglio, Liza Gordon, Dennis P. Guiry, Michael D. Hernandez, Francisco Hoeksema, Bert W. Hopcroft, Russell R. Jaume, Damia Kirk, Paul Koedam, Nico Koenemann, Stefan Kolb, Juergen B. Kristensen, Reinhardt M. Kroh, Andreas Lambert, Gretchen Lazarus, David B. Lemaitre, Rafael Longshaw, Matt Lowry, Jim Macpherson, Enrique Madin, Laurence P. Mah, Christopher Mapstone, Gill McLaughlin, Patsy A. Mees, Jan Meland, Kenneth Messing, Charles G. Mills, Claudia E. Molodtsova, Tina N. Mooi, Rich Neuhaus, Birger Ng, Peter K. L. Nielsen, Claus Norenburg, Jon Opresko, Dennis M. Osawa, Masayuki Paulay, Gustav Perrin, William Pilger, John F. Poore, Gary C. B. Pugh, Phil Read, Geoffrey B. Reimer, James D. Rius, Marc Rocha, Rosana M. Saiz-Salinas, Jose I. Scarabino, Victor Schierwater, Bernd Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas Schnabel, Kareen E. Schotte, Marilyn Schuchert, Peter Schwabe, Enrico Segers, Hendrik Self-Sullivan, Caryn Shenkar, Noa Siegel, Volker Sterrer, Wolfgang Stohr, Sabine Swalla, Billie Tasker, Mark L. Thuesen, Erik V. Timm, Tarmo Todaro, M. Antonio Turon, Xavier Tyler, Seth Uetz, Peter van der Land, Jacob Vanhoorne, Bart van Ofwegen, Leen P. van Soest, Rob W. M. Vanaverbeke, Jan Walker-Smith, Genefor Walter, T. Chad Warren, Alan Williams, Gary C. Wilson, Simon P. Costello, Mark J. TI The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICHNESS; FUTURE; BIODIVERSITY; TAXONOMISTS; KNOWLEDGE; OCEANS; WORMS; RATES AB Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are similar to 226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (similar to 20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are similar to 170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 +/- 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century. C1 [Appeltans, Ward; Decock, Wim; Hernandez, Francisco; Vanhoorne, Bart] Flanders Marine Inst, Flemish Marine Data & Informat Ctr, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Appeltans, Ward] Intergovt Oceanog Commiss UNESCO, IOC Project Off IODE, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Ahyong, Shane T.; Lowry, Jim] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Ahyong, Shane T.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Anderson, Gary] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Angel, Martin V.; Pugh, Phil] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Artois, Tom] Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Bailly, Nicolas] WorldFish Ctr, Los Banos 4031, Laguna, Philippines. [Bamber, Roger] ARTOO Marine Biol Consultants, Southampton SO14 5QY, Hants, England. [Barber, Anthony] British Myriapod & Isopod Grp, Ivybridge PL21 0BD, Devon, England. [Bartsch, Ilse] Res Inst & Nat Hist Museum, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Berta, Annalisa] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, Magdalena] Univ Lodz, Lab Polar Biol & Oceanobiol, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland. [Bock, Phil; Poore, Gary C. B.; Walker-Smith, Genefor] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Boxshall, Geoff; Bray, Rod A.; Gibson, David; Mapstone, Gill; Warren, Alan] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Boyko, Christopher B.] Dowling Coll, Dept Biol, Oakdale, NY 11769 USA. [Brandao, Simone Nunes] Senckenberg Res Inst, German Ctr Marine Biodivers Res DZMB, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Brandao, Simone Nunes] Univ Hamburg, Zool Museum Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Brandao, Simone Nunes] Zool Inst & Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Bruce, Niel L.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Zool, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Bruce, Niel L.] Queensland Museum, Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Bruce, Niel L.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Cairns, Stephen D.; Fauchald, Kristian; Lemaitre, Rafael; Mah, Christopher; Norenburg, Jon; Opresko, Dennis M.; Schotte, Marilyn; Walter, T. Chad] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Chan, Tin-Yam] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. [Cheng, Lanna] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Cribb, Thomas] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Curini-Galletti, Marco] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Sci Nat & Terr, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Syst Ecol & Resource Management, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid; Koedam, Nico] Vrije Univ Brussel, Plant Biol & Nat Management Res Grp, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Davie, Peter J. F.] Queensland Museum, Ctr Biodivers, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Dawson, Michael N.; Gomez-Daglio, Liza] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [De Clerck, Olivier] Univ Ghent, Phycol Res Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [De Grave, Sammy] Univ Oxford, Museum Nat Hist, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. [de Voogd, Nicole J.; Fransen, Charles H. J. M.; Gittenberger, Arjan; Hoeksema, Bert W.; van der Land, Jacob; van Ofwegen, Leen P.; van Soest, Rob W. M.] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Dept Marine Zool, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Domning, Daryl P.] Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Emig, Christian C.] BrachNet, F-13007 Marseille, France. [Erseus, Christer] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Eschmeyer, William; Paulay, Gustav] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Eschmeyer, William] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Fautin, Daphne G.] Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Feist, Stephen W.; Longshaw, Matt] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Furuya, Hidetaka] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Furuya, Hidetaka] Osaka Univ, Sch Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Zool, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Gerken, Sarah] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gofas, Serge] Univ Malaga, Dept Biol Anim, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Gordon, Dennis P.; Read, Geoffrey B.; Schnabel, Kareen E.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Guiry, Michael D.] Natl Univ Ireland, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Hopcroft, Russell R.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jaume, Damia] Univ Illes Balears, CSIC, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Esporles 7190, Spain. [Kirk, Paul] CABI Bioserv, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. [Koenemann, Stefan] Univ Siegen, Dept Biol & Didact, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Kolb, Juergen B.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Auckland 0745, New Zealand. [Kristensen, Reinhardt M.] Univ Copenhagen, Zool Museum, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kroh, Andreas] Nat Hist Museum Vienna, Dept Geol & Paleontol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Lambert, Gretchen] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Lazarus, David B.; Neuhaus, Birger] Museum Naturkunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Macpherson, Enrique; Turon, Xavier] Consejo Super Invest Cient CEAB CSIC, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Blanes, Blanes 17300, Spain. [Madin, Laurence P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McLaughlin, Patsy A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Mees, Jan; Vanaverbeke, Jan] Univ Ghent, Marine Biol Res Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Meland, Kenneth] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Messing, Charles G.; Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Mills, Claudia E.; Swalla, Billie] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mills, Claudia E.; Swalla, Billie] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Molodtsova, Tina N.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Mooi, Rich; Williams, Gary C.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Invertebrate Zool & Geol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Ng, Peter K. L.] Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Raffles Museum Biodivers Res, Singapore 119260, Singapore. [Nielsen, Claus] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Osawa, Masayuki] Shimane Univ, Res Ctr Coastal Lagoon Environm, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Perrin, William] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pilger, John F.] Agnes Scott Coll, Dept Biol, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. [Reimer, James D.] Univ Ryukyus, Transdisciplinary Res Org Subtrop Isl Studies, Rising Star Program, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. [Rius, Marc] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rocha, Rosana M.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Saiz-Salinas, Jose I.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Zool & Anim Cell Biol, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Scarabino, Victor] Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay. [Schierwater, Bernd] Tierarztlichen Hsch Hannover, ITZ, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. [Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas] Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel & Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Schuchert, Peter] Museum Hist Nat, CH-1208 Geneva, Switzerland. [Schwabe, Enrico] Bavarian State Collect Zool, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Segers, Hendrik] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Shenkar, Noa] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Siegel, Volker] Fed Res Ctr Fisheries, Inst Sea Fisheries, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Sterrer, Wolfgang] Bermuda Nat Hist Museum, Flatts, Bermuda. [Stohr, Sabine] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tasker, Mark L.] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Peterborough PE1 1JY, Cambs, England. [Thuesen, Erik V.] Evergreen State Coll, Lab 1, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Timm, Tarmo] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Ctr Limnol, EE-61117 Rannu, Estonia. [Todaro, M. Antonio] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Life Sci, I-41125 Modena, Italy. [Tyler, Seth] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Uetz, Peter] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Study Biol Complex, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Wilson, Simon P.] Trin Coll Dublin, Sch Comp Sci & Stat, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Costello, Mark J.] Univ Auckland, Leigh Marine Lab, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Appeltans, W (reprint author), Flanders Marine Inst, Flemish Marine Data & Informat Ctr, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. EM ward.appeltans@gmail.com RI Molodtsova, Tina/E-1838-2015; de Voogd, Nicole/I-9280-2012; Uetz, Peter/A-7119-2012; Saiz Salinas, Jose Ignacio/I-5216-2015; Brandao, Simone/K-4672-2012; Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015; Fransen, Charles/A-6693-2017; Segers, Hendrik/C-4101-2009; Longshaw, Matt/C-3884-2013; Todaro, M. Antonio/H-1311-2013; Gibson, David/D-3541-2009; De Clerck, Olivier/A-9083-2010; Hoeksema, Bert/B-2973-2010; Rius, Marc/C-5088-2011; Nielsen, Claus/A-4794-2013; Rocha, Rosana/H-7989-2012; Kristensen, Reinhardt/A-8772-2013; Turon, Xavier/J-9211-2012; Stohr, Sabine/B-8629-2011; Jaume, Damia/P-5559-2014 OI De Grave, Sammy/0000-0002-2437-2445; Gofas, Serge Salvator/0000-0002-3141-3700; Kroh, Andreas/0000-0002-8566-8848; Wilson, Simon/0000-0003-0312-3586; Boxshall, Geoffrey/0000-0001-8170-7734; Costello, Mark/0000-0003-2362-0328; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Brandao, Simone Nunes/0000-0002-3487-6129; Molodtsova, Tina/0000-0001-7171-6952; de Voogd, Nicole/0000-0002-7985-5604; Uetz, Peter/0000-0001-6194-4927; Saiz Salinas, Jose Ignacio/0000-0002-6245-7589; Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527; Fransen, Charles/0000-0002-7760-2603; Dawson, Michael/0000-0001-7927-8395; Segers, Hendrik/0000-0001-5399-3657; Todaro, M. Antonio/0000-0002-6353-7281; Gibson, David/0000-0002-2908-491X; De Clerck, Olivier/0000-0002-3699-8402; Hoeksema, Bert/0000-0001-8259-3783; Rius, Marc/0000-0002-2195-6605; Rocha, Rosana/0000-0001-6712-7960; Kristensen, Reinhardt/0000-0001-9549-1188; Turon, Xavier/0000-0002-9229-5541; Stohr, Sabine/0000-0002-2586-7239; Jaume, Damia/0000-0002-1857-3005 FU EU project: Network of Excellence in Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MarBEF); EU project: Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure (PESI); EU project: Distributed Dynamic Diversity Databases for Life (4D4Life); EU project: Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF); EU project: Census of Marine Life (CoML); EU Marine Science and Technology (MAST) research program FX WoRMS has benefited from funding as part of several EU projects: Network of Excellence in Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MarBEF), Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure (PESI), Distributed Dynamic Diversity Databases for Life (4D4Life), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and the Census of Marine Life (CoML). It originated in the European Register of Marine Species (ERMS) that was funded by the EU Marine Science and Technology (MAST) research program. We thank Catherine McFadden (Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA) and Mark Brugman (University of Melbourne, Australia) for helpful discussion and the referees for helpful criticism. We wish to acknowledge the time contributed by mary more scientists and their institutions in creating WoRMS than are currently listed in the author list. This paper is dedicated to Jacob van der Land (1935-2011), who began the compilation of a digital inventory of all marine species in the mid-1990s, which contributed to WoRMS. NR 49 TC 214 Z9 219 U1 15 U2 275 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 4 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 23 BP 2189 EP 2202 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 051GW UT WOS:000312115300015 PM 23159596 ER PT J AU Foss-Feig, M Daley, AJ Thompson, JK Rey, AM AF Foss-Feig, Michael Daley, Andrew J. Thompson, James K. Rey, Ana Maria TI Steady-State Many-Body Entanglement of Hot Reactive Fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS; LIMIT; LATTICE; SHIFTS; GASES AB Entanglement is typically created via systematic intervention in the time evolution of an initially unentangled state, which can be achieved by coherent control, carefully tailored nondemolition measurements, or dissipation in the presence of properly engineered reservoirs. In this Letter we show that two-component Fermi gases at similar to mu K temperatures naturally evolve, in the presence of reactive two-body collisions, into states with highly entangled (Dicke-type) spin wave functions. The entanglement is a steady-state property that emerges-without any intervention-from uncorrelated initial states, and could be used to improve the accuracy of spectroscopy in experiments with fermionic alkaline earth atoms or fermionic ground state molecules. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.230501 C1 [Foss-Feig, Michael; Thompson, James K.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, Michael; Thompson, James K.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Daley, Andrew J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Foss-Feig, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Daley, Andrew/F-5366-2014 OI Daley, Andrew/0000-0001-9005-7761 FU NIST; NSF (PIF); NSF (PFC); AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE program FX We thank Jun Ye, Kaden Hazzard, and Goulven Quemener for helpful discussions. This work was supported by NIST, the NSF (PIF and PFC grants), AFOSR and ARO individual investigator grants, and the ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE program. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 23 AR 230501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.230501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049VJ UT WOS:000312011200004 PM 23368173 ER PT J AU Neyenhuis, B Yan, B Moses, SA Covey, JP Chotia, A Petrov, A Kotochigova, S Ye, J Jin, DS AF Neyenhuis, B. Yan, B. Moses, S. A. Covey, J. P. Chotia, A. Petrov, A. Kotochigova, S. Ye, J. Jin, D. S. TI Anisotropic Polarizability of Ultracold Polar (KRb)-K-40-Rb-87 Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTENSE LASER FIELDS; ALIGNMENT AB We report the measurement of the anisotropic ac polarizability of ultracold polar (KRb)-K-40-Rb-87 molecules in the ground and first rotationally excited states. Theoretical analysis of the polarizability agrees well with experimental findings. Although the polarizability can vary by more than 30%, a "magic'' angle between the laser polarization and the quantization axis is found where the polarizability of the vertical bar N = 0, m(N) =0 > and the vertical bar N =1, m(N) = 0 > states match. At this angle, rotational decoherence due to the mismatch in trapping potentials is eliminated, and we observe a sharp increase in the coherence time. This paves the way for precise spectroscopic measurements and coherent manipulations of rotational states as a tool in the creation and probing of novel quantum many-body states of polar molecules. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.230403 C1 [Neyenhuis, B.; Yan, B.; Moses, S. A.; Covey, J. P.; Chotia, A.; Ye, J.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neyenhuis, B.; Yan, B.; Moses, S. A.; Covey, J. P.; Chotia, A.; Ye, J.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petrov, A.; Kotochigova, S.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Petrov, A.] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Petrov, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Div Quantum Mech, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Neyenhuis, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu; jin@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Yan, Bo/B-3810-2012; Chotia, Amodsen/A-8340-2014; Petrov, Alexander/I-7865-2013 OI Yan, Bo/0000-0001-7235-5554; Petrov, Alexander/0000-0003-1342-3160 FU NIST; NSF; DOE; AFOSR; DARPA; NDSEG FX We acknowledge financial support from NIST, NSF, DOE, AFOSR, and DARPA. S. A. M. acknowledges funding from the NDSEG. We thank K. R. A. Hazzard, A. M. Rey, J. L. Bohn, and G. Quemener for useful discussions. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 23 AR 230403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.230403 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049VJ UT WOS:000312011200003 PM 23368170 ER PT J AU Greenlee, LF Torrey, JD Amaro, RL Shaw, JM AF Greenlee, Lauren F. Torrey, Jessica D. Amaro, Robert L. Shaw, Justin M. TI Kinetics of Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticle Oxidation in Oxygenated Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CALCITE CRYSTAL-GROWTH; HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; ZEROVALENT IRON; REDUCTION; DECHLORINATION; REACTIVITY; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB Zero valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles are versatile in their ability to remove a wide variety of water contaminants, and ZVI-based bimetallic nanoparticles show increased reactivity above that of ZVI alone. ZVI nanoparticles degrade contaminants through the reactive species (e.g., OH*, H-2(g), H2O2) that are produced during iron oxidation. Measurement and modeling of aqueous ZVI nanoparticle oxidation kinetics are therefore necessary to optimize nanoparticle design. Stabilized ZVI and iron-nickel nanoparticles of approximately 150 nm in diameter were synthesized through solution chemistry, and nanoparticle oxidation kinetics were determined via measured mass change using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Under flowing aerated water, ZVI nanoparticles had an initial exponential growth behavior indicating surface-dominated oxidation controlled by migration of species (H2O and O-2) to the surface. A region of logarithmic growth followed the exponential growth which, based on the Mott-Cabrera model of thin oxide film growth, suggests a reaction dominated by movement of species (e.g., iron cations and oxygen anions) through the oxide layer. The presence of ethanol or a nickel shell on the ZVI nanoparticles delayed the onset of iron oxidation and reduced the extent of oxidation. In oxygenated water, ZVI nanoparticles oxidized primarily to the iron oxide-hydroxide lepidocrocite. C1 [Greenlee, Lauren F.; Torrey, Jessica D.; Amaro, Robert L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, Justin M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Greenlee, LF (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lauren.greenlee@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Greenlee, Lauren/0000-0001-6147-1533 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Awards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We acknowledge Roy H. Geiss (NIST and the University of Colorado at Boulder) for obtaining the TEM images. This research was performed while L.F.G., J.D.T., and R.L.A. held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 69 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 144 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 4 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 23 BP 12913 EP 12920 DI 10.1021/es303037k PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047AT UT WOS:000311810800021 PM 23130994 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Shukla, S Lettenmaier, DP Chen, LC AF Mo, Kingtse C. Shukla, Shraddhanand Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Chen, Li-Chuan TI Do Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) forecasts improve seasonal soil moisture prediction? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC PREDICTION; PREDICTABILITY; PERSISTENCE; SKILL AB We investigated whether seasonal soil moisture forecasts derived from a land surface model forced by seasonal climate forecast model outputs are more skillful than benchmark forecasts derived from the same land surface model but with forcings taken from resampled climatological precipitation, temperature and low level winds. For most forecast leads and over the western United States, soil moisture forecasts based on seasonal climate forecasts are no more skillful than the benchmark. For relatively short (one month) leads, the climate model-based forecasts are more skillful than the benchmark along a swath from the Gulf States to the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys and the Southwest monsoon region, where the climate model has skillful precipitation forecasts. Citation: Mo, K. C., S. Shukla, D. P. Lettenmaier, and L.-C. Chen (2012), Do Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) forecasts improve seasonal soil moisture prediction?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L23703, doi:10.1029/2012GL053598. C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chen, Li-Chuan] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kingtse@noaa.gov RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 FU NOAA (CTB) [J8R1RP7-P01, NA10OAR4310245] FX This project was supported by the NOAA (CTB) grant J8R1RP7-P01 to the Climate Prediction Center, and by NOAA (CTB) grant NA10OAR4310245 to the University of Washington. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L23703 DI 10.1029/2012GL053598 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 050ZJ UT WOS:000312093300001 ER PT J AU Gray, JM Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Rogers, CT AF Gray, Jason M. Bertness, Kris A. Sanford, Norman A. Rogers, Charles T. TI Low-frequency noise in gallium nitride nanowire mechanical resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTION; GAN AB We report on the low-frequency 1/f (flicker) parameter noise displayed by the resonance frequency of doubly clamped c-axis gallium nitride nanowire (NW) mechanical resonators. The resonators are electrostatically driven and their mechanical response is electronically detected via NW piezoresistance. With an applied dc voltage bias, a NW driven near its mechanical resonance generates a dc and Lorentzian rf current that both display 1/f noise. The rf current noise is proportional to the square of the derivative of the Lorentzian lineshape with a magnitude highly dependent on NW dc bias voltage conditions, consistent with a model wherein noise in the NW's electrical impedance leads to temperature noise from local Joule heating, which in turn generates resonance frequency noise via thermal expansion and the temperature-dependent Young's modulus. An example device with a 27.8 MHz resonance frequency experiences an approximate resonance frequency shift of -1.4 Hz/nW. The resonance frequency noise increases as the square of the bias voltage, indicating specific operating conditions that optimize the signal-to-noise ratio in proposed NW sensors. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4769445] C1 [Gray, Jason M.; Rogers, Charles T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gray, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jason.gray@colorado.edu FU DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals program [N66001-10-1-4007]; National Science Foundation (NSF-CMMI); Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR) FX The studies conducted by the authors from the University of Colorado-Boulder are supported by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT), supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals program under Grant No. N66001-10-1-4007 issued by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR). We also acknowledge early funding support from the National Science Foundation (NSF-CMMI). NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 23 AR 233115 DI 10.1063/1.4769445 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053BH UT WOS:000312243900073 ER PT J AU Compton, RL Lin, YJ Jimenez-Garcia, K Porto, JV Spielman, IB AF Compton, R. L. Lin, Y. -J. Jimenez-Garcia, K. Porto, J. V. Spielman, I. B. TI Dynamically slowed collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB We rapidly change the scattering length a(s) of a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensate by means of a Feshbach resonance, simultaneously releasing the condensate from its harmonic trapping potential. When a(s) is changed from positive to negative, the subsequent collapse of the condensate is stabilized by the kinetic energy imparted during the release, resulting in a deceleration of the loss rate near the resonance. We also observe an increase in the Thomas-Fermi radius, near the resonance, that cannot be understood in terms of a simple scaling model. Instead, we describe this behavior using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, including three-body recombination, and hypothesize that the increase in cloud radius is due to self-interference of the condensate resulting in the formation of concentric shells. C1 [Compton, R. L.; Lin, Y. -J.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Porto, J. V.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Compton, R. L.; Lin, Y. -J.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Porto, J. V.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Compton, RL (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov FU ONR; ARO; DARPA OLE program; NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center FX We thank W. D. Phillips for discussions. This work was partially supported by ONR, ARO with funds from the DARPA OLE program, and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center. R. L. C. acknowledges the NIST/NRC postdoctoral program and K.J.G. thanks CONACYT. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 3 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 6 AR 063601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.063601 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 046ZN UT WOS:000311804800004 ER PT J AU Moraes, RM Hu, Y Stenbakken, G Martin, K Alves, JER Phadke, AG Volskis, HAR Centeno, V AF Moraes, Rui M. Hu, Yi Stenbakken, Gerard Martin, Ken Alves, Jose Eduardo R., Jr. Phadke, Arun G. Volskis, Hector A. R. Centeno, Virgilio TI PMU Interoperability, Steady-State and Dynamic Performance Tests SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID LA English DT Article DE PMU; PMU dynamic performance; PMU testing; synchrophasor AB To ensure the performance of a synchronized phasor measurement system (SPMS) to be deployed for the Brazilian interconnected national transmission network compliant to the specific SPMS requirements, Operador Nacional do Sistema Eletrico (ONS) of Brazil has completed a phasor measurement unit (PMU) certification test as the first step of its PMU certification process for the SPMS. PMUs from eight vendors were selected and tested in this project according to a comprehensive test program specifically developed for this certification project, which is based primarily on the IEEE C37.118-2005 standard as well as the specific requirements of SPMS and its applications. This paper presents and discusses the general background information, the developed test program, the test unit selection and the testing processes, and the overall test results of this project. C1 [Moraes, Rui M.] Operador Nacl Sistema Eletr Rio de Janeiro, BR-20009100 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Moraes, Rui M.] Univ Fed Fluminense Niteroi, BR-20009100 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Moraes, Rui M.; Alves, Jose Eduardo R., Jr.] Univ Fed Fluminense Niteroi, BR-24210240 Sao Domingos, Brazil. [Hu, Yi] Quanta Technol LLC, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Stenbakken, Gerard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Martin, Ken] EPG, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Alves, Jose Eduardo R., Jr.] Ctr Pesquisa Energia Eletr, BR-21941911 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Volskis, Hector A. R.] Operador Nacl Sistema Eletr, BR-20009100 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Phadke, Arun G.; Centeno, Virgilio] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Moraes, RM (reprint author), Operador Nacl Sistema Eletr Rio de Janeiro, BR-20009100 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3053 J9 IEEE T SMART GRID JI IEEE Trans. Smart Grid PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1660 EP 1669 DI 10.1109/TSG.2012.2208482 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 232HY UT WOS:000325485000010 ER PT J AU Madhavan, BL He, YZ Wu, YH Gross, B Moshary, F Ahmed, S AF Madhavan, Bomidi Lakshmi He, Yuzhe Wu, Yonghua Gross, Barry Moshary, Fred Ahmed, Samir TI Development of a Ground Based Remote Sensing Approach for Direct Evaluation of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE MFRSR; MWR; MODIS; GOES; COD; R-eff; Raman Lidar; Aerosol-Cloud interaction ID LIQUID WATER PATH; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY; OPTICAL DEPTH; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SATELLITE DATA; PART I; RETRIEVAL AB The possible interaction and modification of cloud properties due to aerosols is one of the most poorly understood mechanisms within climate studies, resulting in the most significant uncertainty as regards radiation budgeting. In this study, we explore direct ground based remote sensing methods to assess the Aerosol-Cloud Indirect Effect directly, as space-borne retrievals are not directly suitable for simultaneous aerosol/cloud retrievals. To illustrate some of these difficulties, a statistical assessment of existing multispectral imagers on geostationary (e.g., GOES)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite retrievals of the Cloud Droplet Effective Radius (R-eff) showed significant biases especially at larger solar zenith angles, further motivating the use of ground based remote sensing approaches. In particular, we discuss the potential of using a combined Microwave Radiometer (MWR)-Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) system for real-time monitoring of Cloud Optical Depth (COD) and Cloud Droplet Effective Radius (R-eff), which are combined with aerosol vertical properties from an aerosol lidar. An iterative approach combining the simultaneous observations from MFRSR and MWR are used to retrieve the COD and R-eff for thick cloud cases and are extensively validated using the DoE Southern Great Plains (SGP) retrievals as well as regression based parameterized model retrievals. In addition, we account for uncertainties in background aerosol, surface albedo and the combined measurement uncertainties from the MWR and MFRSR in order to provide realistic uncertainty estimates, which is found to be similar to 10% for the parameter range of interest in Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. Finally, we analyze a particular case of possible aerosol-cloud interaction described in the literature at the SGP site and demonstrate that aerosol properties obtained at the surface can lead to inconclusive results in comparison to lidar-derived aerosol properties near the cloud base. C1 [Madhavan, Bomidi Lakshmi] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Particle & Aerosol Res Lab, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [He, Yuzhe; Wu, Yonghua; Gross, Barry; Moshary, Fred; Ahmed, Samir] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Madhavan, BL (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Particle & Aerosol Res Lab, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. EM blmadhavan@gmail.com; julia4he@yahoo.com; yhwu@ccny.cuny.edu; gross@ccny.cuny.edu; moshary@ccny.cuny.edu; ahmed@ccny.cuny.edu OI Bomidi, Lakshmi Madhavan/0000-0001-8782-9249 FU NOAA CREST Cooperative Center under NOAA [NA17AE1625] FX This work is partially supported by the NOAA CREST Cooperative Center under contract NOAA #NA17AE1625. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations presented in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 468 EP 494 DI 10.3390/atmos3040468 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175RD UT WOS:000321248500002 ER PT J AU Le Marshall, J Xiao, Y Norman, R Zhang, KF Rea, A Cucurull, L Seecamp, R Steinle, P Puri, K Fu, E Le, T AF Le Marshall, John Xiao, Yi Norman, Robert Zhang, Kefei Rea, Anthony Cucurull, Lidia Seecamp, Rolf Steinle, Peter Puri, K. Fu, E. Le, Tan TI The application of radio occultation observations for climate monitoring and numerical weather prediction in the Australian region SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT; PROFILES; CHAMP; WATER AB Space-based GPS radio occultation observations provide significant information related to current and future atmospheric state. They also enable important activities such as examination of radiosonde performance and temperature trends. Three months of radio occultation observations have been assimilated using four dimensional variational assimilation into the global Australian Community Climate Earth Systems Simulator, ACCESS-G, which is employed at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to provide operational forecasts. The radio occultation data was found to improve the forecasts in the lower, middle and upper troposphere. The improvement varies from small, to up to eight-hours improvement in 48-hour forecasts of mean sea level pressure. Because of the relatively unbiased nature of radio occultation observations, they have been used in a comparative study with radiosonde data to probe mean annual atmospheric temperature changes in the Australian region and the southern hemisphere. In particular, differences between radio occultation data based, area weighted annual average short-term (2007-2010) temperature trends over the Australian region and the southern hemisphere and those obtained by averaging data at radiosonde network sites were noted. In the Australian region a mid and upper tropospheric area averaged temperature increase from 2007 to 2010 was accompanied by an average cooling at radiosonde sites. The radio occultation data have also been used to probe ionospheric content. Results documented here indicate the use of radio occultation data has the potential to improve operational analysis and forecasting in the Australian region and to make a very important and unique contribution to vital tasks such as climate monitoring. C1 [Le Marshall, John; Xiao, Yi; Steinle, Peter; Puri, K.; Le, Tan] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Le Marshall, John; Norman, Robert; Zhang, Kefei; Fu, E.] RMIT Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Cucurull, Lidia] NOAA, NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Le Marshall, J (reprint author), Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM j.lemarshall@bom.gov.au RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 BP 323 EP 334 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 141TR UT WOS:000318749900010 ER PT J AU Frechette, D Osterback, AMK Hayes, SA Bond, MH Moore, JW Shaffer, SA Harvey, JT AF Frechette, Danielle Osterback, Ann-Marie K. Hayes, Sean A. Bond, Morgan H. Moore, Jonathan W. Shaffer, Scott A. Harvey, James T. TI Assessing Avian Predation on Juvenile Salmonids using Passive Integrated Transponder Tag Recoveries and Mark-Recapture Methods SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CASPIAN TERN PREDATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL; COLONY; VULNERABILITY; POPULATIONS; CONSUMPTION AB Many populations of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and steelhead O. mykiss are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Until recently, the role of avian predation in limiting recovery of coho salmon and steelhead in central California coastal watersheds has been overlooked. We used recoveries of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from Ano Nuevo Island (ANI), a breeding site for several species of piscivorous seabirds, to estimate predation rates on juvenile salmonids and identify susceptible life stages and species responsible for predation. A total of 34,485 PIT tags were deployed in coho salmon and steelhead in six watersheds in San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties. Tags were deposited on ANI by predators after ingestion of tagged fish. Because tags were not removed from the island and were detected on multiple sampling occasions, we were able to use markrecapture models to generate a corrected minimum predation estimate. We used POPAN, a variation of the JollySeber model, to generate an estimate of gross population abundance, which accounted for tags deposited on the island but not detected during surveys. Detections of 196 tags from surveys conducted between autumn 2006 and spring 2009 were incorporated into the model, producing a gross population estimate of 242 tags (SE = 9.8). Addition of tags detected between autumn 2009 and 2010 to the abundance estimate from POPAN produced a new minimum estimate of 362 tags on ANI. Western gulls Larus occidentalis probably were the primary predator depositing tags on ANI. Minimum predation estimates ranged from 0.1% (Soquel Creek) to 4.6% (Waddell Creek) of outmigrating coho salmon and steelhead smolts. Predation was potentially greater given still unquantified deposition of tags off-colony and destruction of tags during digestive processes of predators. Finally, avian predators targeted estuary-reared fish, which contributed disproportionately to adult populations, further impacting imperiled salmon populations. Received August 4, 2011; accepted August 27, 2012 C1 [Frechette, Danielle; Hayes, Sean A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Frechette, Danielle; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Osterback, Ann-Marie K.; Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bond, Morgan H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Frechette, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM danielle.frechette@noaa.gov RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009 OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059 FU California Sea Grant College [R/FISH-205]; CDF&G Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; Packard Foundation Travel Award; Dr. Earl and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; International Women's Fishing Association; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; California State Parks; University of California Reserve System; CalPoly Swanton Pacific Ranch; Big Creek Lumber FX This project was funded by California Sea Grant College R/FISH-205, CDF&G Fisheries Restoration Grant Program, Packard Foundation Travel Award, the Dr. Earl and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, and the International Women's Fishing Association, Signe Memorial, and Martha Johnson scholarships. We thank P. Morris, G. Oliver, and M. Hester for transportation to ANI. Site access and project support were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California State Parks, the University of California Reserve System, CalPoly Swanton Pacific Ranch, and Big Creek Lumber. S. Auten, B. Dietterick, M. Foxworthy, G. McChesney, G. Strachen, and J. Webb were especially helpful. We thank M. Weise for providing information on contents of sea lion fecal material collected from ANI. Count data for western gulls, Brandt's cormorants, and brown pelicans on Ano Nuevo Island were provided by the Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Petaluma, California. The help and comments of the associate editor, two anonymous reviewers, and R. B. MacFarlane, W. Perrin, B. Wells, and L. Woodson greatly improved this manuscript. S. Lindley, C. Michel, and T. Suskiewicz provided analytical and graphical support. All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at San Jose State University and the University of California Santa Cruz. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1250 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.728171 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 097PB UT WOS:000315484900022 ER PT J AU Hightower, JE Harris, JE Raabe, JK Brownell, P Drew, CA AF Hightower, Joseph E. Harris, Julianne E. Raabe, Joshua K. Brownell, Prescott Drew, C. Ashton TI A Bayesian Spawning Habitat Suitability Model for American Shad in Southeastern United States Rivers SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American; habitat; shad; spawning; suitability ID LOW-HEAD LOCK; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SELECTION; DAM; POPULATIONS; MIGRATION; SITES; PREDATION AB Habitat suitability index models for American shad Alosa sapidissima were developed by Stier and Crance in 1985. These models, which were based on a combination of published information and expert opinion, are often used to make decisions about hydropower dam operations and fish passage. The purpose of this study was to develop updated habitat suitability index models for spawning American shad in the southeastern United States, building on the many field and laboratory studies completed since 1985. We surveyed biologists who had knowledge about American shad spawning grounds, assembled a panel of experts to discuss important habitat variables, and used raw data from published and unpublished studies to develop new habitat suitability curves. The updated curves are based on resource selection functions, which can model habitat selectivity based on use and availability of particular habitats. Using field data collected in eight rivers from Virginia to Florida (Mattaponi, Pamunkey, Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, Pee Dee, St. Johns), we obtained new curves for temperature, current velocity, and depth that were generally similar to the original models. Our new suitability function for substrate was also similar to the original pattern, except that sand (optimal in the original model) has a very low estimated suitability. The Bayesian approach that we used to develop habitat suitability curves provides an objective framework for updating the model as new studies are completed and for testing the model's applicability in other parts of the species' range. C1 [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Harris, Julianne E.; Raabe, Joshua K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brownell, Prescott] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Habitat Conservat Div, Charleston Branch Off, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Drew, C. Ashton] N Carolina State Univ, Biodivers & Spatial Informat Ctr, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jhightower@ncsu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 39 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.3996/082011-JFWM-047 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084KZ UT WOS:000314539400001 ER PT J AU Jensen, PC Purcell, MK Morado, JF Eckert, GL AF Jensen, Pamela C. Purcell, Maureen K. Morado, J. Frank Eckert, Ginny L. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF PLANKTONIC RED KING CRAB (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS (TILESIUS 1815)) LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paralithodes camtschaticus; real-time polymerase chain reaction; quantification; plankton; larva; red king crab ID SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; BRACHYURAN CRABS; SAMPLES; ALASKA; QUANTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE; DECAPODA; AMPLIFICATION AB The Alaskan red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) fishery was once one of the most economically important single-species fisheries in the world, but is currently depressed. This fishery would benefit from improved stock assessment capabilities. Larval crab distribution is patchy temporally and spatially, requiring extensive sampling efforts to locate and track larval dispersal. Large-scale plankton surveys are generally cost prohibitive because of the effort required for collection and the time and taxonomic expertise required to sort samples to identify plankton individually via light microscopy. Here, we report the development of primers and a dual-labeled probe for use in a DNA-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the red king crab, mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I for the detection of red king crab larvae DNA in plankton samples. The assay allows identification of plankton samples containing crab larvae DNA and provides an estimate of DNA copy number present in a sample without sorting the plankton sample visually. The assay was tested on DNA extracted from whole red king crab larvae and plankton samples seeded with whole larvae, and it detected DNA copies equivalent to 1/10,000th of a larva and 1 crab larva/5mL sieved plankton, respectively. The real-time polymerase chain reaction assay can be used to screen plankton samples for larvae in a fraction of the time required for traditional microscopial methods, which offers advantages for stock assessment methodologies for red king crab as well as a rapid and reliable method to assess abundance of red king crab larvae as needed to improve the understanding of life history and population processes, including larval population dynamics. C1 [Jensen, Pamela C.; Morado, J. Frank] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Jensen, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM pam.jensen@noaa.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU North Pacific Research Board; AFSC; Western Fisheries Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Brent Vadopalas for helpful discussions; Celeste Leroux, Ben Daly, and the Alutiiq Pride Hatchery for RKC larvae; the Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) for plankton samples; and Jim Winton and Vanessa Lowe for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board with additional support from the AFSC and Western Fisheries Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey. The findings and conclusions in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA). Reference to trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not imply official endorsement or approval by NOAA, the U.S. Department of Interior, or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.2983/035.031.0402 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200002 ER PT J AU Swiney, KM Long, WC Eckert, GL Kruse, GH AF Swiney, Katherine M. Long, W. Christopher Eckert, Ginny L. Kruse, Gordon H. TI RED KING CRAB, PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS, SIZE-FECUNDITY RELATIONSHIP, AND INTERANNUAL AND SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN FECUNDITY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red king crab; Paralithodes camtschaticus; fecundity; size-fecundity relationship; embryo production; Bristol Bay; Alaska ID STOCK-RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIPS; BRISTOL BAY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; REFERENCE POINTS; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; BERING-SEA; BROOD LOSS; SNOW CRAB; EGG LOSS AB Stock assessment of Alaska red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, can be improved by incorporating embryo production, which requires an understanding of the size-fecundity relationship and an understanding of interannual and seasonal variability in fecundity. We collected red king crab egg clutches from Bristol,Bay, AK, during summer 2007 to 2010 and autumn 2007 to 2009 and estimated individual fecundity using dry weight methods. Fecundity increased with female size up to 138 mm carapace length (CL), at which point the slope decreased by 40%, suggesting senescence. Fecundity varied significantly but slightly (maximum, 5%) among years. Fecundity was consistently lower in autumn than spring, suggesting brood loss, with a 6% decrease between seasons in females smaller than 138 mm CL and a 10% decrease in larger females. When incorporating embryo production in stock assessments, differences in the size-fecundity relationship should be accounted for and rates of brood loss can be used to predict larval output more effectively if fecundity cannot be measured shortly before hatching. To include potential environmental effects on the relationship, time series of fecundity and female size should be extended over a wider range of future temperature conditions. C1 [Swiney, Katherine M.; Long, W. Christopher] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Swiney, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM Katherine.Swiney@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [366]; NMFS; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX This project is funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 366), NMFS, and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank NMFS biologists on the trawl surveys, Alaska Department of Fish and Game Shellfish Observer Program personnel, and laboratory technicians for their assistance, which made this project possible. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 925 EP 933 DI 10.2983/035.031.0403 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200003 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Meseck, SL Dixon, MS Rivara, K Wikfors, GH AF Li, Yaqin Meseck, Shannon L. Dixon, Mark S. Rivara, Karen Wikfors, Gary H. TI TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN PHYTOPLANKTON REMOVAL BY A COMMERCIAL, SUSPENDED EASTERN OYSTER NURSERY AND EFFECTS ON LOCAL PLANKTON DYNAMICS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oysters; nursery; phytoplankton removal; clearance rate; temporal variability ID FEEDING BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; IN-SITU; PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; COCHLODINIUM POLYKRIKOIDES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; CARRYING-CAPACITY; FILTRATION-RATE; CLEARANCE RATE AB Quantitative measurements of phytoplankton removal in a natural setting are needed to evaluate interactions between aquacultured bivalve populations and the surrounding environment. We report high-frequency (15-min) measurements of environmental variables relevant to oyster feeding and excretion at the inflow and outflow of an oyster nursery-floating upweller system (FLUPSY)-from June through September 2010 in the East Creek embayment, Peconic Estuary, NY. We demonstrated large variability in oyster particle clearance rate on short- (minutes to hours) to long-term (seasonal) timescales, including oyster responses to environmental variation, such as diurnal temperature and dissolved oxygen cycles, wind-driven turbulence, and the presence of harmful algae. A diel cycle in clearance rates calculated from whole FLUPSY measurements was apparent, with a maximum weight-specific clearance rate (CRw) of 2.21 L/h/g occurring around midnight, and a minimum CRw of 0.32 L/h/g at 0740 FIR, coincident with the lowest concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water. Throughout the season, oyster growth and feeding showed constant, high values from June 12 to Suly 21, with a median CRw of 0.95 L/h/g. From late July to September, a toxic dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, was present frequently in the water, and was coincident-with depressed oyster feeding, slow/no growth, and increased mortality. Overall, the FLUPSY in East Creek did not have a large impact on the abundance of phytoplankton in the water. Future modeling efforts projecting carrying capacity and ecosystem services of shellfish aquaculture and restoration need to take into account the potential for temporal variability in feeding resulting from environmental variation, as observed in this study. C1 [Li, Yaqin; Meseck, Shannon L.; Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Rivara, Karen] Aeros Cultured Oyster Co, Southold, NY 11971 USA. RP Li, YQ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM judy.yaqin.li@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 43 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1089 DI 10.2983/035.031.0419 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200019 ER PT J AU Hennen, DR Hart, DR AF Hennen, Daniel R. Hart, Deborah R. TI SHELL HEIGHT-TO-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS FOR ATLANTIC SEA SCALLOPS (PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS) IN OFFSHORE US WATERS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Placopecten magellanicus; scallop; allometric relationships; meat weight; commercial fisheries ID REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; GEORGES-BANK; GROWTH-RATES; TEMPERATURE; FISHERIES AB Generalized linear mixed models were developed for allometric relationships in Atlantic sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus). These models used environmental covariates such as depth, latitude, geographic area, fishing pressure, population density, and season. This study makes several technical improvements to existing allometric models. We found depth, latitude, and geographic area to be important covariates in models for scallops on Georges Bank, whereas depth and fishing pressure were important for mid-Atlantic scallops. Our allometric relationships have important implications for stock assessment and fisheries management. C1 [Hennen, Daniel R.; Hart, Deborah R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. RP Hennen, DR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. EM daniel.hennen@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1144 DI 10.2983/035.031.0424 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TN UT WOS:000313389200024 ER PT J AU Bassett, C Polagye, B Holt, M Thomson, J AF Bassett, Christopher Polagye, Brian Holt, Marla Thomson, Jim TI A vessel noise budget for Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, Washington (USA) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; RADIATED NOISE; AMBIENT NOISE; OCEAN NOISE; SHIP; CALIFORNIA; INCREASES; ISLAND; MODEL AB One calendar year of Automatic Identification System (AIS) ship-traffic data was paired with hydrophone recordings to assess ambient noise in northern Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, WA (USA) and to quantify the contribution of vessel traffic. The study region included inland waters of the Salish Sea within a 20 km radius of the hydrophone deployment site. Spectra and hourly, daily, and monthly ambient noise statistics for unweighted broadband (0.02-30 kHz) and marine mammal, or M-weighted, sound pressure levels showed variability driven largely by vessel traffic. Over the calendar year, 1363 unique AIS transmitting vessels were recorded, with at least one AIS transmitting vessel present in the study area 90% of the time. A vessel noise budget was calculated for all vessels equipped with AIS transponders. Cargo ships were the largest contributor to the vessel noise budget, followed by tugs and passenger vessels. A simple model to predict received levels at the site based on an incoherent summation of noise from different vessels resulted in a cumulative probability density function of broadband sound pressure levels that shows good agreement with 85% of the temporal data. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4763548] C1 [Bassett, Christopher; Polagye, Brian] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98165 USA. [Holt, Marla] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Thomson, Jim] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Bassett, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Stevens Way,Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98165 USA. EM cbassett@uw.edu RI Thomson, Jim/C-7610-2012 OI Thomson, Jim/0000-0002-8929-0088 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0002654]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0718124] FX Thanks to Joe Talbert and Alex deKlerk for their work designing, assembling, deploying, and recovering the tripods. Thanks to Captain Andy Reay-Ellers, the captain of the R/V Jack Robertson. Ongoing studies at the site have been motivated by the Snohomish Public Utility District and without their interest in tidal energy this study would not have been undertaken. Washington State Parks allowed for the placement of the AIS system on Admiralty Head Light-house and helped reboot the system after a number of power outages. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments on the content and structure of the manuscript. Funding provided by U.S. Department of Energy Award No. DE-EE0002654. Student support provided to C.B. by National Science Foundation Award No. DGE-0718124. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 132 IS 6 BP 3706 EP 3719 DI 10.1121/1.4763548 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 090RB UT WOS:000314995600016 PM 23231102 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Laake, J Laidre, KL Born, EW Atkinson, SN AF Peacock, Elizabeth Laake, Jeff Laidre, Kristin L. Born, Erik W. Atkinson, Stephen N. TI The Utility of Harvest Recoveries of Marked Individuals to Assess Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Survival SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Baffin Bay; polar bear; Ursus maritimus; climate warming; community-based monitoring; harvest; mark-recapture; survival rates ID BEAUFORT SEA; POPULATION; HABITAT; CANADA AB Management of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations requires the periodic assessment of life history metrics such as survival rate. This information is frequently obtained during short-term capture and marking efforts (e.g., over the course of three years) that result in hundreds of marked bears remaining in the population after active marking is finished. Using 10 additional years of harvest recovery subsequent to a period of active marking, we provide updated estimates of annual survival for polar bears in the Baffin Bay population of Greenland and Canada. Our analysis suggests a decline in survival of polar bears since the period of active marking that ended in 1997; some-of the decline in survival can likely be attributed to a decline in springtime ice concentration over the continental shelf of Baffin Island. The variance around the survival estimates is comparatively high because of the declining number of marks available; therefore, results must be interpreted with caution. The variance of the estimates of survival increased most substantially in the sixth year post-marking. When survival estimates calculated with recovery-only and recapture-recovery data sets from the period of active marking were compared, survival rates were indistinguishable. However, for the period when fewer marks were available, survival estimates were lower using the recovery-only data set, which indicates that part of the decline we detected for 2003-09 may be due to using only harvest recovery data. Nevertheless, the decline in the estimates of survival is consistent with population projections derived from harvest numbers and earlier vital rates, as well as with an observed decline in the extent of sea ice habitat. C1 [Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Laake, Jeff] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.; Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Atkinson, Stephen N.] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lpeacock@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 45 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2012 VL 65 IS 4 BP 391 EP 400 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 071MX UT WOS:000313598700003 ER PT J AU Hoving, HJT Vecchione, M AF Hoving, H. J. T. Vecchione, M. TI Mating Behavior of a Deep-Sea Squid Revealed by in situ Videography and the Study of Archived Specimens SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; AFRICAN WATERS; GIANT-SQUID; CEPHALOPODA; OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE; OEGOPSIDA; BIOLOGY AB The mating behavior of deep-sea squids is shrouded in mystery. The squids for which mating has been observed use a hectocotylus, a modified arm, for the transfer of sperm packets called spermatophores. However, many deep-sea squid species lack a hectocotylus. We present the first in situ observations of mating behavior in a deep-sea squid that has no hectocotylus but instead uses an elongated terminal organ for the transfer of spermatangia, which are released from the spermatophores and burrow deeply into the female tissue. With remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), we observed two mating pairs of the deep-sea squid Pholidoteuthis adami in the Gulf of Mexico. The male adopted a peculiar position during mating, with its ventral side up and its posterior mantle above the female's head. While the male held the female in what looked, like a firm grip, we observed the long terminal organ extending through the funnel of the male, contacting the female dorsal mantle. Examinations of museum specimens show that spermatangia burrow from the outer dorsal mantle into the inner dorsal mantle. This combination of serendipitous in situ observations and archived specimens can be a powerful tool for understanding the behavior of deep-sea animals. C1 [Hoving, H. J. T.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Vecchione, M.] Smithsonian Inst, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hoving, HJT (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM hjhoving@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Schure-Beijerinck-Popping-Funds FX We are grateful to Ian MacDonald for providing the 2006 observations and to Richard E. Young and Bruce Robison for their feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript. HJH received research funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and the Schure-Beijerinck-Popping-Funds. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 223 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068TR UT WOS:000313389600004 PM 23264472 ER PT J AU Gharavi, H AF Gharavi, Hamid TI Combined Issue on High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard and Research SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8215 J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1646 EP 1646 DI 10.1109/TCSVT.2012.2226073 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 083XA UT WOS:000314498000001 ER PT J AU Morrow, JB Almeida, J Cole, KD Reipa, V AF Morrow, J. B. Almeida, J. Cole, K. D. Reipa, V. TI Raman spectroscopy of Bacillus thuringiensis physiology and inactivation SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; DRINKING-WATER SYSTEM; DIPICOLINIC ACID; BACTERIAL-SPORES; MEGATERIUM SPORES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; GERMINATION; SUBTILIS; SCATTERING; PROTEIN AB The ability to detect spore contamination and inactivation is relevant to developing and determining decontamination strategy success for food and water safety. This study was conducted to develop a systematic comparison of nondestructive vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, SERS, and normal Raman) to determine indicators of Bacillus thuringiensis physiology (spore, vegetative, outgrown, germinated and inactivated spore forms). SERS was found to provide better resolution of commonly utilized signatures of spore physiology (dipicolinic acid at 1006 cm(-1) and 1387 cm(-1)) compared to normal Raman and native fluorescence indigenous to vegetative and outgrown cell samples was quenched in SERS experiment. New features including carotenoid pigments (Raman features at 1142 cm(-1), 1512 cm(-1)) were identified for spore cell forms. Pronounced changes in the low frequency region (300 cm(-1) to 500 cm(-1)) in spore spectra occurred upon germination and inactivation (with both free chlorine and by autoclaving) which is relevant to guiding decontamination and detection strategies using Raman techniques. C1 [Morrow, J. B.; Almeida, J.; Cole, K. D.; Reipa, V.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morrow, JB (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jayne.morrow@nist.gov; jamie.almeida@nist.gov; kenneth.cole@nist.gov; vytautas.reipa@nist.gov FU The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-09-X-00457]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX All opinions expressed in this paper are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DHS or NIST or affiliated venues. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-09-X-00457 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2190-5444 J9 EUR PHYS J PLUS JI Eur. Phys. J. Plus PD DEC PY 2012 VL 127 IS 12 AR 151 DI 10.1140/epjp/i2012-12151-6 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 082QI UT WOS:000314406900006 ER PT J AU Ben Hassen, A Tchana, FK Flaud, JM Lafferty, WJ Landsheere, X Aroui, H AF Ben Hassen, A. Tchana, F. Kwabia Flaud, J. -M. Lafferty, W. J. Landsheere, X. Aroui, H. TI Absolute line intensities for ethylene from 1800 to 2350 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Ethylene; Absolute line intensities; IR spectra ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Fourteen Fourier transform spectra of ethylene (C2H4) have been recorded in the 1800-2350 cm(-1) spectral domain with different path-lengths and pressures and used to derive individual line intensities for lines belonging to the nu(7) + nu(8), nu(4) + nu(8), nu(6) + nu(10), nu(6) + nu(7), nu(4) + nu(6) and nu(3) + nu(10) bands. These line intensities were satisfactorily fit leading to accurate transition moment constants. A line list of positions and intensities has been generated. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ben Hassen, A.; Aroui, H.] Univ Tunis, Ecole Super Sci & Tech Tunis, Lab Dynam Mol & Mat Photon, Tunis 1008, Tunisia. [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Flaud, J. -M.; Landsheere, X.] UPEC, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Flaud, J. -M.; Landsheere, X.] UPD, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wjl@nist.gov FU Ambassade de Tunisie en France (Bourse du Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur, Tunisie) FX Mlle. Amani BEN HASSEN gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ambassade de Tunisie en France (Bourse du Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur, Tunisie). NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 282 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2012.11.001 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 081OL UT WOS:000314331400006 ER PT J AU O'Neill, BC Ren, XL Jiang, LW Dalton, M AF O'Neill, Brian C. Ren, Xiaolin Jiang, Leiwen Dalton, Michael TI The effect of urbanization on energy use in India and China in the iPETS model SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Demography; Urbanization; Emissions scenarios ID FUTURE CARBON EMISSIONS AB Urbanization is one of the major demographic and economic trends occurring in developing countries, with important consequences for development, energy use, and well being. Yet it is only beginning to be explicitly incorporated in long-term scenario analyses of energy and emissions. We assess the implications of a plausible range of urbanization pathways for energy use and carbon emissions in India and China, using the integrated Population-Economy-Technology-Science (iPETS) model, a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the global economy that captures heterogeneity in household types within world regions and into which we have introduced income effects on household consumption preferences. We find that changes in urbanization have a somewhat less than proportional effect on aggregate emissions and energy use. A decomposition analysis demonstrates that this effect is due primarily to an economic growth effect driven by the increased labor supply associated with faster urbanization. The influence of income on household consumption is strong, and indicates a potentially rapid transition away from traditional fuel use and toward modern fuels such as electricity and natural gas. Results also indicate important directions for future work, including the implications of alternative types and driving forces of urbanization over time, a better understanding of possible changes in consumption preferences associated with income growth and the urbanization process, and modeling strategies that can produce disaggregated household consumption outcomes within a CGE framework. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Neill, Brian C.; Ren, Xiaolin; Jiang, Leiwen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [O'Neill, Brian C.; Ren, Xiaolin; Jiang, Leiwen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Integrated Sci Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dalton, Michael] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP O'Neill, BC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM boneill@ucar.edu RI Ren, Xiaolin/D-6865-2013; O'Neill, Brian/E-6531-2013 NR 24 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 34 SU 3 SI SI BP S339 EP S345 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.04.004 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 071NG UT WOS:000313600200009 ER PT J AU Liddle, JA Ko, SH AF Liddle, J. Alexander Ko, Seung-Hyeon TI DNA may be a blueprint for life, but researchers are finding new uses for this biological material. Liddle and Ko discuss the future of DNA SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Liddle, J. Alexander; Ko, Seung-Hyeon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ko, Seung-Hyeon] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD DEC PY 2012 VL 15 IS 12 BP 526 EP 526 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 077YX UT WOS:000314066400002 ER PT J AU Ustyuzhanin, EE Shishakov, VV Abdulagatov, IM Popov, PV Rykov, VA Frenkel, ML AF Ustyuzhanin, E. E. Shishakov, V. V. Abdulagatov, I. M. Popov, P. V. Rykov, V. A. Frenkel, M. L. TI Scaling models of thermodynamic properties on the coexistence curve: Problems and some solutions SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article DE critical point; saturation line; density; pressure ID SUPERCRITICAL REGIONS; VAPOR-PRESSURE; CRITICAL-POINT; DENSITIES; LIQUID AB Models consistent with the scaling theory of critical phenomena and capable of describing the thermodynamic properties F of substances on the coexistence curve, such as the density of the liquid rho (l) , density of the gas rho (g) , order parameter f (s) , mean coexistence curve diameter f (d) , and saturation pressure P (s) are discussed. The models are presented in the form of equations F = (tau, D, C), where tau = (T (c) - T)/T (c) , and D = (alpha, beta, T (c) , rho (c) , P (c) , ...) are the critical characteristics, such as T (c) , rho (c) , and P (c) (temperature, density, and pressure, respectively), alpha and beta are the scaling exponents, and C are adjustable coefficients. The authors developed combined models f(tau, D, C) for describing the indicated properties of a number of compounds (CH4, NH3, SF6, water, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, and freons R134a, R143a, and R236ea). The coefficients C were determined based on experimental data over a wide temperature range, including the critical point. The equations derived are used to perform practical calculations, including estimates of the first and second derivatives of the saturation pressure with respect to the temperature in the critical region. C1 [Ustyuzhanin, E. E.; Shishakov, V. V.] Tech Univ, Moscow Power Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Russia. [Popov, P. V.] Standartinform, Moscow, Russia. [Rykov, V. A.] State Univ Low Temp & Food Technol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Frenkel, M. L.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ustyuzhanin, EE (reprint author), Tech Univ, Moscow Power Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. EM evgust@gmail.ru RI Rykov, Vladimir/F-6389-2013; Ustyuzhanin, Andrey/K-7189-2013 OI Ustyuzhanin, Andrey/0000-0001-7865-2357 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1990-7931 J9 RUSS J PHYS CHEM B+ JI Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC PY 2012 VL 6 IS 8 BP 912 EP 931 DI 10.1134/S1990793112080179 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 077UH UT WOS:000314053200009 ER PT J AU Zhao, XP AF Zhao, Xuepeng TI Asian Dust Detection from the Satellite Observations of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; Asian dust; Satellite ID SAHARAN-DUST; MINERAL DUST; DESERT DUST; IR IMAGERY; CLOUD; LAND; DIFFERENCE; RETRIEVAL; AEROSOLS; IMPACT AB Asian dusts exert significant influences on regional air quality, weather, and climate. Detection of these highly variable aerosol events is challenging due to several factors, such as short lifetime, multiple scales, and strong interactions with local and regional surface and meteorological conditions. Since dust particles can directly alter solar and earth radiation in both visible (VS) and infrared (IR) spectral regions through scattering and absorption processes, both VS and IR remote sensing techniques can be used to detect dust plumes in the atmosphere. A dust detection system for multi-channel satellite imagers was applied in this study. The detection is based on the analysis of reflectance (or radiance) in VS channels or brightness temperature (BT) in IR channels. The magnitude of the difference in reflectance and/or BTs in selected channels due to dust is used to infer the signature of the dust particles. Descriptions of the detection system and its application for Asian dust using the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite measurements are provided. The performance of the algorithm for Asian dust detection and its usefulness for monitoring the outbreaks and dispersion of Asian dust events were emphasized in the current study. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Zhao, XP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov FU National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA FX The author would like to acknowledge the climate data record (CDR) project at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA for providing the funding support. Collaborations with Dr. Steve Ackerman at CIMSS of University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA and Dr. Wei Guo at I. M. System Group, INC. in Maryland of USA are greatly appreciated. The comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers are constructive for the improvement of the paper. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1080 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2011.11.0206 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064UG UT WOS:000313100300005 ER PT J AU Sigourney, DB Munch, SB Letcher, BH AF Sigourney, Douglas B. Munch, Stephan B. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Combining a Bayesian nonparametric method with a hierarchical framework to estimate individual and temporal variation in growth SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Bayesian state space model; Growth model; Mark-recapture; Random effects; Gaussian process ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TAG-RECAPTURE DATA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; ATLANTIC SALMON; POPULATION-GROWTH; SEASONAL GROWTH; SIZE VARIATION; MODEL; FISH; RATES AB Growth modeling has long played an important role in ecology, conservation and management of many species. However, adopting a statistical framework that includes both temporal and individual variability in the growth dynamics has proven challenging. In this paper, we use a Bayesian state space framework (BSSF) to estimate parameters of a discrete time model from a mark-recapture data set of age-1 juvenile Atlantic salmon. We use a Gaussian process (GP) based approach to model variation in seasonal growth potential. In addition, we use auxiliary information on the food environment as prior knowledge of seasonal fluctuations in growth. Parameters for the GP prior and measurement error variances were fixed to speed convergence. Posterior estimates of model parameters were relatively insensitive to these choices. Our model captures the seasonal growth dynamics of juvenile Atlantic salmon as evidenced by close agreement between observed and predicted lengths (r(2) = 0.98). In addition, the relatively narrow confidence intervals indicated significant learning in the parameters of interest. Finally, our model approach was able to accurately recover missing data points. Although this model was applied to a mark-recapture dataset of Atlantic salmon, the generality of the approach should make it applicable to a wide variety of size trajectory datasets, and thus, provides a useful tool to estimate individual and temporal variability in growth from datasets with repeated measurements. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sigourney, Douglas B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Sigourney, DB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM douglas.sigourney@maine.edu NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 247 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.009 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064QD UT WOS:000313089600013 ER PT J AU Helser, TE Lai, HL Black, BA AF Helser, Thomas E. Lai, Han-lin Black, Bryan A. TI Bayesian hierarchical modeling of Pacific geoduck growth increment data and climate indices SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Pacific geoduck; Growth increment; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Climate change; Bayesian model; Hierarchical model; North Pacific Ocean ID LOW-FREQUENCY SIGNALS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PANOPEA-ABRUPTA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GENUS SEBASTES; FISH GROWTH; RECONSTRUCTION; METAANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; MOLLUSK AB Growth increment widths from hard structures of marine and freshwater fish and bivalve species are increasingly used to model growth and elucidate relationships with environmental variability. Fully characterizing the intrinsic age-related growth variation among individuals within and between populations, while estimating the extrinsic environmental effects simultaneously, can be challenging. Using the long-lived bivalve Pacific geoduck (Panopea generosa), we develop an integrated approach to analyze the relationship between growth increment data and climate indices using Bayesian hierarchical methods. Fitting models to growth increment data from multiple individuals over two sites, we examined different covariance structures related to random individual effects, long- and short-term environmental effects and unexplained errors. The best fitting hierarchical model accounted for a site-specific mean growth response, individual growth variability through random parameter effects, and site-specific error variances. Extrinsic environmental effects on growth were also significant and included a random year effect and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) as a predictor of mean growth across both individuals and sites. Once intrinsic age-related growth was accounted for. PDO accounted for 18% to total variability in growth increment data: geoduck shell size was predicted to increase as a function of larger PDO anomalies. However, the greatest variability in growth increment data was explained by random year effects (similar to 60-70%), and while largely unexplained, sea surface temperature (SST) is a likely determinant on geoduck growth rates showing a positive growth-SST response. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Helser, Thomas E.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lai, Han-lin] NOAA, Fisheries Stat Div, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Helser, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Thomas.helser@noaa.gov RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 247 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.024 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064QD UT WOS:000313089600020 ER PT J AU Stevens-Kalceff, M MacRae, C Wight, S AF Stevens-Kalceff, Marion MacRae, Colin Wight, Scott TI Introduction: Special Issue on Cathodoluminescence SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stevens-Kalceff, Marion] UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [MacRae, Colin] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Wight, Scott] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Stevens-Kalceff, M (reprint author), UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1211 DI 10.1017/S143192761201402X PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 066QD UT WOS:000313234400001 PM 23211379 ER PT J AU Munir, S Naz, T Burhan, ZUN Siddiqui, PJA Morton, SL AF Munir, Sonia Naz, Tahira Burhan, Zaib-Un-Nisa Siddiqui, P. J. A. Morton, Steve L. TI FIRST REPORT OF THE ATHECATE, CHAIN FORMING DINOFLAGELLATE COCHLODINIUM FULVESCENS (GYMNODINIALES) FROM PAKISTAN SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID NORTH ARABIAN SEA; BLOOMS; DINOPHYCEAE; MORTALITY; WATERS; SHELF AB A harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium fulvescens is reported for the first time from northern boarding of Arabian Sea, Karachi, Pakistan. During a phytoplankton monitoring program between May 2002-July 2003, Cochlodinium was observed from two localities of Manora Channel. Highest abundance was recorded during October 2002 at 926 cells l(-1) during a period of high temperature and high salinity value. Taxonomical characters were studied by using light microscopy, epiflouresence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Identification of Cochlodinium fulvescens was confirmed by the presence of granular shaped chloroplast, different cell structure, large size, and intermediate position of sulcus between the cingulum and degree of torsion makes more than 1.5 turns. Emergence of the C. fulvescens in northern Arabian Sea has great concern from a fisheries viewpoint since this species has been implicated in considerable economic losses worldwide. C1 [Munir, Sonia; Naz, Tahira; Burhan, Zaib-Un-Nisa; Siddiqui, P. J. A.] Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. [Morton, Steve L.] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Munir, S (reprint author), Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. EM soniaku2003@yahoo.com FU HEC, Islamabad; DIFID UK through British Council FX We are thankful to Dr. Mitsunori Iwataki (Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Japan) for his suggestions and for providing literature to identify Cochlodinium species. We also thank to HEC, Islamabad for providing the research fellowship to S. Munir to work in USA. Field work was supported by the grant from DIFID UK provided through British Council to P.J.A. Siddiqui NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU PAKISTAN BOTANICAL SOC PI KARACHI PA DEPT OF BOTANY UNIV KARACHI, 32 KARACHI, PAKISTAN SN 0556-3321 J9 PAK J BOT JI Pak. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2129 EP 2134 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 065RF UT WOS:000313165700048 ER PT J AU Campbell, SE Ferguson, VL Hurley, DC AF Campbell, Sara E. Ferguson, Virginia L. Hurley, Donna C. TI Nanomechanical mapping of the osteochondral interface with contact resonance force microscopy and nanoindentation SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE AFM; Bone; Cartilage; Nanoindentation; Osteochondral ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CALCIFIED CARTILAGE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; SUBCHONDRAL BONE; SENSING INDENTATION; MODULUS; TIDEMARK; VISCOELASTICITY AB The bone-cartilage, or osteochondral, interface resists remarkably high shear stresses and rarely fails, yet its mechanical characteristics are largely unknown. A complete understanding of this hierarchical system requires mechanical-property information at the length scales of both the interface and the connecting tissues. Here, we combined nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods to investigate the multiscale mechanical properties across the osteochondral region. The nanoindentation modulus M ranged from that of the subchondral bone (M = 22.8 +/- 1.8 GPa) to that of hyaline articular cartilage embedded in PMMA (M = 5.7 +/- 1.0 GPa) across a narrow transition region <5 mu m wide. Contact resonance force microscopy (CR-FM), which measures the frequency and quality factor of the AFM cantilever's vibrational resonance in contact mode, was used to determine the relative storage modulus and loss tangent of the osteochondral interface. With better spatial resolution than nanoindentation, CR-FM measurements indicated an even narrower interface width of 2.3 +/- 1.2 mu m. Furthermore, CR-FM revealed a 24% increase in the viscoelastic loss tangent from the articular calcified cartilage into the PMMA-embedded hyaline articular cartilage. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging provided complementary measurement of mineral content. Our results provide insight into the multiscale functionality of the osteochondral interface that will advance understanding of disease states such as osteoarthritis and aid in the development of biomimetic interfaces. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Campbell, Sara E.; Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ferguson, Virginia L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Campbell, SE (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sara.campbell@nist.gov RI Ferguson, Virginia/K-6962-2012 OI Ferguson, Virginia/0000-0002-8448-4406 FU National Science Foundation [1055989]; University of Colorado Innovative Grant Program FX We thank Jason Killgore (NIST and University of Colorado-Boulder) for developing the CR-FM point mapping program used for data collection in this work. We also thank Petra Homer (Department of Pathology, University of Colorado-Denver) for assistance with the ultramicrotome sectioning. This work was performed while S.E.C. held a National Research Council Associateship Award at NIST. V.L.F. is grateful for funding by the National Science Foundation CAREER Award (NSF#1055989) and the University of Colorado Innovative Grant Program in support of this work Commercial equipment, instruments or materials are identified only in order to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4389 EP 4396 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.042 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 060GR UT WOS:000312765000024 PM 22877818 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Xu, JJ AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Xu, Jianjun TI The 1977 Global Regime Shift: A Discussion of Its Dynamics and Impacts in the Eastern Pacific Ecosystem SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article DE ecosystem; regime shift; global forcing ID 11-YEAR SOLAR-CYCLE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; STRATOSPHERE; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; SIGNAL; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS AB An investigation was conducted to assess whether a chain of events could be established to explain the global 1977-78 climatic regime shift and its potential association with ecosystem change. Changes in the eastern Pacific ecosystem will be investigated with the goal of demonstrating that there is a link between changes in the stratosphere and changes in the ocean with consequent impacts on fisheries. This investigation focuses on global forcing mechanisms, including coupled solar and atmospheric dynamic forcing that appear to be associated with the 1977-78 regime shift and how they may have resulted in changes to the global ocean surface circulation and subsequent changes in fisheries. More specifically, as a follow-on to previous work, the analysis addresses how changes in the stratosphere and troposphere may influence the surface through the entire lower atmosphere and affect the eastern Pacific marine ecosystem. The changes in marine life induced by the regime shift are inferred from fish landing data (catch/stock) in the eastern Pacific ecosystem that runs from the Gulf of Alaska along the west coast of the United States. Analyses are performed to demonstrate that the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, ecosystem and fisheries are a plausible approach to explaining abrupt climate change in the eastern Pacific ecosystem and its impacts. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU CMOS-SCMO PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3211, STATION D, OTTAWA, ON K1P 6H7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 EI 1480-9214 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1080/07055900.2012.716023 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 060GL UT WOS:000312764400003 ER PT J AU Huber, HR Dickerson, BR Jeffries, SJ Lambourn, DM AF Huber, H. R. Dickerson, B. R. Jeffries, S. J. Lambourn, D. M. TI Genetic analysis of Washington State harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) using microsatellites SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE harbor seal; Phoca vitulina richardii; Phoca vitulina richardsi; microsatellites; genetics; Washington State; stock ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FORAGING ACTIVITY; SOFTWARE; ALASKA; SUBSTRUCTURE; CALIFORNIA; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; OREGON; MTDNA AB Washington harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii (Gray, 1864)) are currently managed as two stocks: Washington Coastal Stock and Washington Inland Waters Stock. Previous analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Washington harbor seals showed four geographically and genetically distinct populations. In this study of biparentally inherited nuclear DNA, we analyzed nine microsatellite loci on 482 samples of unweaned pups from nine locations in Washington State and the US Canadian transboundary waters to determine if there were differences in gene flow between males and females. We found the same four genetically and geographically distinct populations as the analysis of maternally inherited mtDNA: Washington Coast, north Inland Waters, Hood Canal, and south Puget Sound. We recommend that the coastal stock remain as is, but the harbor seals in the Washington Inland Waters should be managed as three distinct populations rather than one. C1 [Huber, H. R.; Dickerson, B. R.] NOAA, NMML, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jeffries, S. J.; Lambourn, D. M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. RP Huber, HR (reprint author), NOAA, NMML, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM harriet.huber@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 36 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1361 EP 1369 DI 10.1139/cjz-2012-0047 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 064PJ UT WOS:000313087600001 ER PT J AU Mazzaro, LM Johnson, SP Fair, PA Bossart, G Carlin, KP Jensen, ED Smith, CR Andrews, GA Chavey, PS Venn-Watson, S AF Mazzaro, Lisa M. Johnson, Shawn P. Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Greg Carlin, Kevin P. Jensen, Eric D. Smith, Cynthia R. Andrews, Gordon A. Chavey, Patricia S. Venn-Watson, Stephanie TI Iron Indices in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; STORAGE DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SERUM FERRITIN; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; HEMOSIDEROSIS; POPULATION; FLORIDA; AGE; OVERLOAD AB Bottlenose dolphins can have iron overload (that is, hemochromatosis), and managed populations of dolphins may be more susceptible to this disease than are wild dolphins. Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation, and ferritin were measured in 181 samples from 141 dolphins in 2 managed collections and 2 free-ranging populations. Although no iron indices increased with age among free-ranging dolphins, ferritin increased with age in managed collections. Dolphins from managed collections had higher iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation values than did free-ranging dolphins. Dolphins with high serum iron (exceeding 300 mu g/dL) were more likely to have elevated ferritin but not ceruloplasmin or haptoglobin, demonstrating that high serum levels of iron are due to a true increase in total body iron. A time-series study of 4 dolphins with hemochromatosis that were treated with phlebotomy demonstrated significant decreases in serum ferritin, iron, and TIBC between pre- and posttreatment samples; transferrin saturation initially fell but returned to prephlebotomy levels by 6 mo after treatment. Compared with those in managed collections, wild dolphins were 15 times more likely to have low serum iron (100 mu g/dL or less), and this measure was associated with lower haptoglobin. In conclusion, bottlenose dolphins in managed collections are more likely to have greater iron stores than are free-ranging dolphins. Determining why this situation occurs among some dolphin populations and not others may improve the treatment of hemochromatosis in dolphins and provide clues to causes of nonhereditary hemochromatosis in humans. C1 [Mazzaro, Lisa M.] Myst Aquarium, Sea Res Fdn, Mystic, CT USA. [Johnson, Shawn P.; Carlin, Kevin P.; Smith, Cynthia R.; Venn-Watson, Stephanie] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. [Jensen, Eric D.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Andrews, Gordon A.; Chavey, Patricia S.] Kansas State Vet Diagnost Lab, Manhattan, KS USA. [Bossart, Greg] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mazzaro, LM (reprint author), Myst Aquarium, Sea Res Fdn, Mystic, CT USA. EM LMazzaro@searesearch.org FU Navy Marine Mammal Program at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific; Office of Naval Research Grant [N000141210294] FX We thank the animal care and management staff of the Navy Marine Mammal Program and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, and the free-ranging dolphin health assessment teams for Charleston, South Carolina, and the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. We thank Wayne McFee for age analysis on the free-ranging dolphin populations. We also thank the reviewers of this manuscript for their valued time and contributions. This work was supported by the Navy Marine Mammal Program at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific and the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N000141210294. The free-ranging dolphin samples used in this study were collected under NMFS Permit no. 998-1678, issued to Gregory Bossart, VMD. This constitutes scientific contribution no. 214 from the Sea Research Foundation. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 62 IS 6 BP 508 EP 515 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 059DJ UT WOS:000312684300008 PM 23561885 ER PT J AU Bertin, MJ Zimba, PV Beauchesne, KR Huncik, KM Moeller, PDR AF Bertin, Matthew J. Zimba, Paul V. Beauchesne, Kevin R. Huncik, Kevin M. Moeller, Peter D. R. TI Identification of toxic fatty acid amides isolated from the harmful alga Prymnesium parvum carter SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Prymnesium parvum; HABs; Fatty acid amides; Aquatic toxicology ID LINOLEYL HYDROXAMIC ACID; SLEEP; INHIBITION; OLEAMIDE; CELLS; ICHTHYOTOXIN; METABOLITES; MODE AB The golden alga Prymnesium parvum has been implicated in fish and aquatic animal kills globally for over a century. In addition to widespread ecological impacts through the loss of entire fish populations within lakes, an economic burden is also felt by state and local agencies due to year class losses of fish raised for stocking lakes as well as loss of fishing and recreational use of the affected water. Multiple compounds have been implicated in P. parvum toxicity, but the unequivocal identification and characterization of all P. parvum toxins remained to be accomplished. To unambiguously characterize these toxins, we analyzed laboratory-cultured cells exposed to limited nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, unialgal wild cells collected from an ichthytoxic bloom event at Lake Wichita, TX, and the water from both cultured and field-collected algae. A bioassay-guided fractionation process was employed to chemically isolate P. parvum toxins using both mammalian cells and larval fish. The results of these assays revealed that there was a distinct similarity in the toxic compounds characterized as seven primary fatty acid amides (myristamide, palmitamide, linoleamide, oleamide, elaidamide, stearamide, and erucamide) and one hydroxamic acid (linoleyl hydroxamic acid). These compounds display cytotoxic and ichthytoxic activity and have not yet been reported in P. parvum toxicity or in the toxicity of harmful algal species. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beauchesne, Kevin R.; Huncik, Kevin M.; Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, JHT, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bertin, Matthew J.; Moeller, Peter D. R.] MUSC, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Moeller, PDR (reprint author), NOAA, JHT, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Peter.Moeller@noaa.gov RI Sullivan, Enid/F-3504-2012; Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 FU NOAA's National Ocean Service FX This work was supported by NOAA's National Ocean Service. We thank David Water. We thank Dr. Zdzislaw Szulc and the Medical University of South Carolina Lipidomics Core for the synthesizing the fatty acid amides isolated from P. parvum. We thank Dr. Mike Denson and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources for the larval red drum.[SS] NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2012 VL 20 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2012.08.005 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 063EL UT WOS:000312978900011 ER PT J AU Bertin, MJ Zimba, PV Beauchesne, KR Huncik, KM Moeller, PDR AF Bertin, Matthew J. Zimba, Paul V. Beauchesne, Kevin R. Huncik, Kevin M. Moeller, Peter D. R. TI The contribution of fatty acid amides to Prymnesium parvum Carter toxicity SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Ecotoxicology; Fatty acid amides; HABs; Linoleamide; Oleamide; Prymnesium parvum ID ALGAL TOXINS; FISH GILL; ICHTHYOTOXIN; METABOLITES; HAPTOPHYTA; GROWTH; BLOOM; ASSAY; MODE; LAKE AB It is well known that toxic blooms of Prymnesium parvum result in widespread fish mortalities. An assemblage of fatty acid amides (FAAs) has been shown to be toxic metabolites of P. parvum. Several compounds and compound classes have been implicated in P. parvum toxicity, but unlike FAAs, thus far none have been shown to accumulate to lethal levels at ichthyotoxic bloom events. The purpose of this study is to characterize the hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, and ichthyotoxicity of the fatty acid amides identified from P. parvum using mammalian red blood cells, mouse neuroblastoma cells, and rainbow trout gill cells. We also investigate the effect of abiotic factors (divalent cations and pH) on fatty acid amide toxicity. Samples from P. parvum bloom events with fish kills were analyzed in order to demonstrate that fatty acid amides are found in lethal levels at fish kills. Hemolytic and cytoxicity assays were completed with the introduction of abiotic factors to assess fatty acid amides toxicity. Our results show that fatty acid amides are detected in toxicologically significant quantities in samples from at least one fish kill event. We also show that the toxicity of oleamide and linoleamide in cell culture is increased in the presence of divalent cations and increasing pH, demonstrating that multiple abiotic factors affect the toxicity of fatty acid amides. Fatty acid amides possess the hemolytic and cytotoxic properties previously attributed to P. parvum toxins throughout history. After fatty acid amides have been released into the environment, multiple abiotic factors can increase their toxicity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Beauchesne, Kevin R.; Huncik, Kevin M.; Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, JHT, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bertin, Matthew J.; Moeller, Peter D. R.] MUSC, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Moeller, PDR (reprint author), NOAA, JHT, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Peter.Moeller@noaa.gov RI Sullivan, Enid/F-3504-2012; Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 FU NOAA's National Ocean Service; Slocum-Lunz Foundation FX This work was supported by NOAA's National Ocean Service and a grant from the Slocum-Lunz Foundation. We thank David Walker (University of Arizona). We thank Dr. Zdzislaw Szulc and the Medical University of South Carolina Lipidomics Core for the synthesizing the fatty acid amides isolated from P. parvum.[SS] NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2012 VL 20 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2012.08.004 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 063EL UT WOS:000312978900012 ER PT J AU Danner, EM Melton, FS Pike, A Hashimoto, H Michaelis, A Rajagopalan, B Caldwell, J DeWitt, L Lindley, S Nemani, RR AF Danner, Eric M. Melton, Forrest S. Pike, Andrew Hashimoto, Hirofumi Michaelis, Andrew Rajagopalan, Balaji Caldwell, Jason DeWitt, Lynn Lindley, Steven Nemani, Ramakrishna R. TI River Temperature Forecasting: A Coupled-Modeling Framework for Management of River Habitat SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; water resources ID STREAM; PREDICTION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB Humans have substantially altered the thermal regimes of freshwater habitats worldwide, with significant environmental consequences. There is a critical need for a comprehensive modeling framework for forecasting the downstream impacts of two of the most common anthropogenic structures that alter river water temperatures: 1) dams that selectively release water from thermally stratified reservoirs, and 2) power generating stations and industrial plants that use river water for once-through cooling. These facilities change the thermal dynamics of the downstream waters through a complex interaction of water release volume and temperature and the subsequent exchange with the environment downstream. In order to stay within the downstream temperature limits imposed by regulatory agencies, managers must monitor not just release volumes and temperatures, but also need to be able to forecast the thermal impacts of their day-to-day operations on habitat which may be hundreds of kilometers downstream. Here we describe a coupled modeling framework that links mesoscale weather and ecological models to generate inputs for a physically-based water temperature model for monitoring and forecasting river temperatures downstream from these facilities at fine spatiotemporal scales. We provide an example of how this modeling framework is being applied to a water allocation decision support system (DSS) for the management of Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed salmon species in the Sacramento River in California. C1 [Danner, Eric M.; Pike, Andrew; Lindley, Steven] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Melton, Forrest S.; Hashimoto, Hirofumi; Michaelis, Andrew] Calif State Univ, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Melton, Forrest S.; Hashimoto, Hirofumi; Michaelis, Andrew; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Biospher Sci Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji; Caldwell, Jason] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeWitt, Lynn] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Danner, EM (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM eric.danner@noaa.gov RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013; Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240; Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411 FU NASA [NNX08AK72G]; NOAA/NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX This work was supported in part by NASA Applied Sciences Program's Ecological Forecasting Program Element (grant NNX08AK72G) and the NOAA/NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 SI SI BP 1752 EP 1760 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2229968 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 063OL UT WOS:000313009300020 ER PT J AU Hughes, H Bussmann, K McMarr, PJ Cheng, SF Shull, R Chen, AP Schafer, S Mewes, T Ong, A Chen, E Mendenhall, MH Reed, RA AF Hughes, Harold Bussmann, Konrad McMarr, Patrick J. Cheng, Shu-Fan Shull, Robert Chen, Andrew P. Schaefer, Simon Mewes, Tim Ong, Adrian Chen, Eugene Mendenhall, Marcus H. Reed, Robert A. TI Radiation Studies of Spin-Transfer Torque Materials and Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) DE Magnetic tunnel junction; nonvolatile memory; spin-transfer torque AB Spin-transfer torque film stacks and devices having in-plane magnetization were irradiated using a cobalt-60 gamma source. Samples were also exposed to 2 MeV and 220 MeV protons. Measurements of magnetization vs. field, ferromagnetic resonance, and tunnel magnetoresistance were performed on the film stacks before and after exposure to these sources and no changes were observed in the associated material properties. Spin-transfer torque devices were exposed to the same sources and show no changes in bit-state or write performance. C1 [Hughes, Harold; Bussmann, Konrad; McMarr, Patrick J.; Cheng, Shu-Fan] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shull, Robert; Chen, Andrew P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schaefer, Simon; Mewes, Tim] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Ong, Adrian; Chen, Eugene] Grandis Inc, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. [Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Reed, Robert A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37237 USA. RP Hughes, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hughes@estd.nrl.navy.mil; bussmann@nrl.navy.mil; mcmarr@nrl.navy.mil; Cheng@nrl.navy.mil; robert.shull@nist.gov; an-drew.chen@nist.gov; ss-chafer@ua.edu; tmewes@ua.edu; adrian.ong@grandisinc.com; eugene.chen@grandisinc.com; marcus.h.mendenhall@Vanderbilt.edu; robert.reed@Vanderbilt.edu RI Mewes, Tim/B-4796-2009; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 OI Mewes, Tim/0000-0001-6166-9427; FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency under MIPR [11-2870M]; Microsystems Technology Office, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under MIPR 11-2870M and the Microsystems Technology Office, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 6 BP 3027 EP 3033 DI 10.1109/TNS.2012.2223487 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 056JX UT WOS:000312486000055 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC AF Woicik, J. C. TI Atomistic calculation of the local structure in bulk and strained semiconductor alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOND LENGTHS; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CRYSTALS AB We report the results of an atomistic, random-cluster calculation of the local structure (near-neighbor bond lengths, bond angles, and higher-neighbor distances) in both bulk and strained Ga1-xInxAs alloys. Agreement is found with published experimental extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure studies in all cases. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4767116] C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 11 AR 113515 DI 10.1063/1.4767116 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 056LI UT WOS:000312490700033 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Nai, K AF Xu, Qin Nai, Kang TI An Adaptive Dealiasing Method Based on Variational Analysis for Radar Radial Velocities Scanned with Small Nyquist Velocities SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA QUALITY-CONTROL; DOPPLER VELOCITIES; MIGRATING BIRDS AB Previous velocity-azimuth display (VAD)-based methods of dealiasing folded radial velocities have relied heavily on the VAD uniform-wind assumption and, thus, can fail when the uniform-wind assumption becomes poor around azimuthal circles in a vertical layer and the Nyquist velocity is small (<= 12 m s(-1)). By using the two-step, alias-robust variational (AR-Var) analysis in place of the alias-robust VAD (AR-VAD) analysis for the reference check, the previous AR-VAD-based dealiasing method is improved to an AR-Var-based dealiasing method adaptively for radar radial velocities scanned with small Nyquist velocities. The method has been tested with severely aliased velocity data scanned by the Oklahoma KTLX radar. The robustness and satisfactory performance of the AR-Var-based dealiasing are exemplified by the results obtained for a severe winter ice storm scanned with the Nyquist velocity reduced to 11.51 m s(-1). C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Nai, Kang] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov FU NCEP-NSSL radar data quality control project; ONR [N000141010778]; NOAA/OAR under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that improved the presentation of the paper, and to Dr. Shun Liu for testing the method at NCEP. The research was supported by NCEP-NSSL radar data quality control project and ONR Grant-N000141010778 to University of Oklahoma. Funding was also provided by NOAA/OAR under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1723 EP 1729 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00145.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063EO UT WOS:000312979200002 ER PT J AU Kieu, CQ Truong, NM Mai, HT Ngo-Duc, T AF Kieu, Chanh Q. Nguyen Minh Truong Hoang Thi Mai Thanh Ngo-Duc TI Sensitivity of the Track and Intensity Forecasts of Typhoon Megi (2010) to Satellite-Derived Atmospheric Motion Vectors with the Ensemble Kalman Filter SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART II; MODEL; PREDICTION; MESOSCALE; ATLANTIC; ERRORS; CONSENSUS AB In this study, sensitivities of the track and intensity forecasts of Typhoon Megi (2010) to the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) University of Wisconsin satellite atmospheric motion vector (AMV) dataset are examined. Assimilation of the CIMSS AMV dataset using the local ensemble transform Kalman filter implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting model shows that the AMV data can significantly improve the track forecast of Typhoon Megi, especially the sharp turn from west-northwest to north after crossing the Philippines. By broadening the western Pacific subtropical high to the west, the AMV data can help reduce the eastward bias of the track, thus steering the storm away inimical shear environment and facilitating its subsequent development. Further sensitivity experiments with separated assimilation of the low- to midlevel (800-300 hPa) and upper-level (300-100 hPa) AMV winds reveal that, despite the sparse distribution of the low-level AMV winds with most of the data points located in the periphery of Megi's main circulation, the track forecasts tend to be more sensitive to the low-level than to the upper-level wind observations. This indicates that the far-field low-level observations can improve the large-scale environmental flow that storms are to move in, giving rise to a better representation of the steering flow and subsequent intensity change. While much of the recent effort in tropical cyclone research focuses on inner-core observations to improve the intensity forecast, the results in this study show that the peripheral observations outside the storm center could contribute considerably to the intensity and track forecasts and deserve attention for better typhoon forecast skills. C1 [Kieu, Chanh Q.; Nguyen Minh Truong; Hoang Thi Mai] Vietnam Natl Univ, Hanoi Coll Sci, Lab Weather & Climate Forecasting, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Thanh Ngo-Duc] Vietnam Natl Univ, Hanoi Coll Sci, Dept Meteorol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Kieu, CQ (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM chanh.kieu@noaa.gov FU Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation [DT.NCCB-DHUD.2011-G/10] FX This research was supported by the Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation (DT.NCCB-DHUD.2011-G/10). Numerical experiments and analyses were conducted using the HPC Linux cluster at the Department of Meteorology, Vietnam National University, and the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED). We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. We wish to extend our thanks to Dave Stettner at the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison for his explanation of the CIMSS quality indicator. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1794 EP 1810 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00020.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063EO UT WOS:000312979200008 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Pinto, RA Shi, XY Huang, QG AF Petersen, Elijah J. Pinto, Roger A. Shi, Xiangyang Huang, Qingguo TI Impact of size and sorption on degradation of trichloroethylene and polychlorinated biphenyls by nano-scale zerovalent iron SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Polyacrylic acid; Nano-iron; Remediation; Permeable reactive barriers; nZVI ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; POROUS-MEDIA; TCE DECHLORINATION; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; REMOVAL; NZVI; PCBS AB Nano-scale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been studied in recent years for environmental remediation applications such as the degradation of chlorinated organic contaminants. To overcome limitations related to the transport of nZVI, it is becoming common to add a polymer stabilizer to limit aggregation and enhance the particle reactivity. Another method investigated to enhance particle reactivity has been to limit particle size through novel synthesis techniques. However, the relative impacts of particle size and interactions of the chemicals with the coatings are not yet well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of particle size and polymer coating or polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) synthesis conditions on degradation of two common chlorinated contaminants: trichloroethylene (TCE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This was accomplished using two different synthesis techniques, a layer-by-layer approach at different pH values or iron reduction in the presence of varying concentrations of poly(acrylic acid). nZVI produced by both techniques yielded higher degradation rates than a traditional approach. The mechanistic investigation indicated that hydrophobicity and sorption to the multilayer impacts the availability of the hydrophobic compound to the nZVI and that particle size also had a large role with smaller particles having stronger dechlorination rates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pinto, Roger A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shi, Xiangyang] Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Shi, Xiangyang] Donghua Univ, Coll Chem Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Huang, QG (reprint author), 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM qhuang@uga.edu RI Shi, Xiangyang/A-1289-2007; Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 OI Shi, Xiangyang/0000-0001-6785-6645; NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 126 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 243 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.070 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058BL UT WOS:000312609000008 PM 23122190 ER PT J AU Habib, E Haile, AT Tian, Y Joyce, RJ AF Habib, Emad Haile, Alemseged Tamiru Tian, Yudong Joyce, Robert J. TI Evaluation of the High-Resolution CMORPH Satellite Rainfall Product Using Dense Rain Gauge Observations and Radar-Based Estimates SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION PRODUCTS; TIME SCALES; VALIDATION; ERROR; SPACE; SYSTEM AB This study focuses on the evaluation of the NOAA-NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) satellite-based rainfall product at fine space-time resolutions (1 h and 8 km). The evaluation was conducted during a 28-month period from 2004 to 2006 using a high-quality experimental rain gauge network in southern Louisiana, United States. The dense arrangement of rain gauges allowed for multiple gauges lobe located within a single CMORPH pixel and provided a relatively reliable approximation of pixel-average surface rainfall. The results suggest that the CMORPH product has high detection skills: the probability of successful detection is similar to 80% for surface rain rates >2 mm h(-1) and probability of false detection <3%. However, significant and alarming missed-rain and false-rain volumes of 21% and 22%, respectively, were reported. The CMORPH product has a negligible bias when assessed for the entire study period. On an event scale it has significant biases that exceed 100%. The fine-resolution CMORPH estimates have high levels of random errors; however, these errors get reduced rapidly when the estimates are aggregated in time or space. To provide insight into future improvements, the study examines the effect of temporal availability of passive microwave rainfall estimates on the product accuracy. The study also investigates the implications of using a radar-based rainfall product as an evaluation surface reference dataset instead of gauge observations. The findings reported in this study guide future enhancements of rainfall products and increase their informed usage in a variety of research and operational applications. C1 [Habib, Emad; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Civil Engn, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Haile, Alemseged Tamiru] UNECA, African Climate Policy Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Joyce, Robert J.] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Habib, E (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Civil Engn, POB 42291, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM habib@louisiana.edu RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OISE-0914618]; NASA EPSCoR/BoR DART2 program; Louisiana LaSPACE program FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant OISE-0914618, the NASA EPSCoR/BoR DART2 program, and the Louisiana LaSPACE program. The authors thank John Janowiak and Pingping Xie for their efforts in producing and providing CMORPH data and Hiroko Kato Beaudoing and Yelena Yarosh for assistance with data access. Comments and suggestions from anonymous reviewers are acknowledged. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1784 EP 1798 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-017.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058JA UT WOS:000312628700008 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Qi, YC Kingsmill, D Howard, K AF Zhang, Jian Qi, Youcun Kingsmill, David Howard, Kenneth TI Radar-Based Quantitative Precipitation Estimation for the Cool Season in Complex Terrain: Case Studies from the NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER RADAR; VERTICAL PROFILES; MOUNTAINOUS AREA; UNITED-STATES; BRIGHT BAND; REFLECTIVITY; RAINFALL; ALGORITHM; RANGE; CLASSIFICATION AB This study explores error sources of the National Weather Service operational radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) during the cool season over the complex terrain of the western United States. A new, operationally geared radar QPE was developed and tested using data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hydrometeorology Testbed executed during the 2005/06 cool season in Northern California. The new radar QPE scheme includes multiple steps for removing nonprecipitation echoes, constructing a seamless hybrid scan reflectivity field, applying vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) corrections to the reflectivity, and converting the reflectivity into precipitation rates using adaptive Z-R relationships. Specific issues in radar rainfall accumulations were addressed, which include wind farm contaminations, blockage artifacts, and discontinuities due to radar overshooting. The new radar QPE was tested in a 6-month period of the 2005/06 cool season and showed significant improvements over the current operational radar QPE (43% reduction in bias and 30% reduction in root-mean-square error) when compared with gauges. In addition, the new technique minimizes various radar artifacts and produces a spatially continuous rainfall product. Such continuity is important for accurate hydrological model predictions. The new technique is computationally efficient and can be easily transitioned into operations. One of the largest remaining challenges is obtaining accurate radar QPE over the windward slopes of significant mountain ranges, where low-level orographic enhancement of precipitation is not resolved by the operational radars leading to underestimation. Additional high-resolution and near-surface radar observations are necessary for more accurate radar QPE over these regions. C1 [Zhang, Jian; Qi, Youcun; Howard, Kenneth] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Kingsmill, David] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kingsmill, David] NOAA, OAR, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jian.zhang@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA- University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are very thankful to Carrie Langston and Katherine Willingham for processing some of the data used in the current study. Dr. Brian Kaney developed the web-based display tool, with which most of the figures in this paper were created. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped improve the quality of this manuscript. Major funding for this research was provided under NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program and partial funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA- University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1836 EP 1854 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-0145.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058JA UT WOS:000312628700012 ER PT J AU Assael, MJ Mihailidou, EK Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Assael, M. J. Mihailidou, E. K. Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Benzene from the Triple Point to 725 K and up to 500 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE benzene; critical phenomena; thermal conductivity; transport properties ID TERNARY LIQUID-MIXTURES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; VISCOSITY; FLUIDS; HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSIVITY; PRESSURE; TOLUENE; DEPENDENCE AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of benzene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that have been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 725 K and pressures up to 500 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 350 MPa and temperatures less than 725 K, to be less than 4.4%. (C) 2012 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4755781] C1 [Assael, M. J.; Mihailidou, E. K.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM assael@auth.gr RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012 OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899 FU International Association for Transport Properties FX The work described in this paper was carried out under the auspices of the International Association for Transport Properties. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 AR 043102 DI 10.1063/1.4755781 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061FH UT WOS:000312833100002 ER PT J AU Berg, RF Moldover, MR AF Berg, Robert F. Moldover, Michael R. TI Recommended Viscosities of 11 Dilute Gases at 25 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE argon; dilute gases; ethane; helium; krypton; methane; neon; nitrogen; propane; reference viscosities; sulfur hexafluoride; viscosity; xenon ID INITIAL DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE VISCOSITIES; RANGE 25-700 DEGREES; 25 DEGREES C; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BINARY MIXTURES AB Commercially manufactured meters that measure the flow of a process gas are often calibrated with a known flow of a surrogate gas. This requires an accurate model of the flow meter and accurate values of the relevant thermophysical properties for both gases. In particular, calibrating a "laminar" flow meter near ambient temperature and pressure requires that the ratio (process gas viscosity)/(surrogate gas viscosity) be known to approximately 0.1%. With this motivation, we critically reviewed measurements of viscosity conducted with 18 instruments near 25 degrees C and zero density for 11 gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H-2, N-2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and SF6. For these gases and this single state, we determined viscosity ratios with relative standard uncertainties ranging from 2.7 x 10(-4) to 3.6 x 10(-4) at a 68% confidence level. Anchoring the ratios to the value (19.8253 +/- 0.0002) x 10(-6) Pa s for the viscosity of helium calculated ab initio at 25 degrees C and zero density yields recommended values for the other ten gases and establishes a scale for gas viscosities that is more accurate than most of the reported values. To facilitate the extension of this scale, we recommend that researchers who calibrate gas viscometers (1) use helium as a calibration gas when possible, (2) report the values of all calibration data, and (3) report the uncertainties of their measured viscosity ratios. Similarly, we recommend that data archives capture this relevant calibration information. (C) 2012 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4765368] C1 [Berg, Robert F.; Moldover, Michael R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov; michael.moldover@nist.gov RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 AR 043104 DI 10.1063/1.4765368 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061FH UT WOS:000312833100004 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN Newell, DB AF Mohr, Peter J. Taylor, Barry N. Newell, David B. TI CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2010 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; PROTON GYROMAGNETIC RATIO; HYDROGEN ENERGY-LEVELS; ELECTRON G-FACTOR; NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT; COUNTING CAPACITANCE STANDARD; OSCILLATORY FIELD MEASUREMENT; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENT AB This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics. nist. gov/constants. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4724320] C1 [Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.; Newell, David B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohr@nist.gov; barry.taylor@nist.gov; dnewell@nist.gov FU CODATA FX This report was prepared by the authors under the auspices of the CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants. The members of the task group are F. Cabiati, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy; J. Fischer, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany; J. Flowers, National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom; K. Fujii, National Metrology Institute of Japan, Japan; S. G. Karshenboim, Pulkovo Observatory, Russian Federation; P. J. Mohr, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; D. B. Newell, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; F. Nez, Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, France; K. Pachucki, University of Warsaw, Poland; T. J. Quinn, Bureau international des poids et mesures; B. N. Taylor, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; B. M. Wood, National Research Council, Canada; and Z. Zhang, National Institute of Metrology, People's Republic of China. This review is being published simultaneously by Reviews of Modern Physics; see Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 1527 (2012). NR 401 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 83 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 AR UNSP 043109 DI 10.1063/1.4724320 PG 84 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061FH UT WOS:000312833100009 ER PT J AU Saloman, EB AF Saloman, E. B. TI Energy Levels and Observed Spectral Lines of Neutral and Singly Ionized Chromium, Cr I and Cr II SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE compilation; Cr; chromium; critically evaluated data; energy levels; observed spectral lines; singly ionized chromium; spectra ID EMISSION-LINES; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRUM; WAVELENGTHS; ABSORPTION; SPECTROMETRY; EXCITATION; PLASMA; TABLE; SUN; 3D AB The energy levels and observed spectral lines of neutral and singly ionized chromium atoms have been compiled. Tables of energy levels and spectral lines are generated for each stage. Experimental g-factors and leading percentages are included when available. An experimental value for the ionization energy for each stage is provided. (C) 2012 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4754694] C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saloman, EB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.saloman@nist.gov FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX I wish to thank J. Reader and A. Kramida for careful readings of this paper and for many helpful discussions and advice on the selection of data to include in this compilation. I also want to thank C. Sansonetti for providing the Cr II results of his group prior to publication. This work was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 AR 043103 DI 10.1063/1.4754694 PG 196 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061FH UT WOS:000312833100003 ER PT J AU Downes, SM Key, RM Orsi, AH Speer, KG Swift, JH AF Downes, Stephanie M. Key, Robert M. Orsi, Alejandro H. Speer, Kevin G. Swift, James H. TI Tracing Southwest Pacific Bottom Water Using Potential Vorticity and Helium-3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DEEP-WATER; ROSS SEA; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; DRAKE PASSAGE; PLUMES; HELIUM; RIDGE AB This study uses potential vorticity and other tracers to identify the pathways of the densest form of Circumpolar Deep Water in the South Pacific, termed "Southwest Pacific Bottom Water" (SPBW), along the 28.2 kg m(-3) surface. This study focuses on the potential vorticity signals associated with three major dynamical processes occurring in the vicinity of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge: 1) the strong flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), 2) lateral eddy stirring, and 3) heat and stratification changes in bottom waters induced by hydrothermal vents. These processes result in southward and downstream advection of low potential vorticity along rising isopycnal surfaces. Using delta He-3 released from the hydrothermal vents, the influence of volcanic activity on the SPBW may be traced across the South Pacific along the path of the ACC to Drake Passage. SPBW also flows within the southern limb of the Ross Gyre, reaching the Antarctic Slope in places and contributes via entrainment to the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. Finally, it is shown that the magnitude and location of the potential vorticity signals associated with SPBW have endured over at least the last two decades, and that they are unique to the South Pacific sector. C1 [Downes, Stephanie M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Downes, Stephanie M.; Key, Robert M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Downes, Stephanie M.] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Orsi, Alejandro H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Speer, Kevin G.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Swift, James H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Downes, SM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM stephanie.downes@anu.edu.au FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64467]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310096]; National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration [08OAR4320752]; NSF [OCE-0622670, OCE-0822075] FX The authors wish to thank M. Nikurashin, J. Sarmiento, and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments and discussion. We greatly appreciate the efforts of those who collected and processed samples on the cruises mentioned in this paper. SD was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-07ER64467 and NOAA Grant NA07OAR4310096. RK was supported by National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, Grant 08OAR4320752. KS acknowledges support from NSF OCE-0622670 and NSF OCE-0822075. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2153 EP 2168 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-019.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 064EN UT WOS:000313054800005 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JD Schaefer, AM McCulloch, SD Fair, PA Bossart, GD Reif, JS AF Goldstein, Juli D. Schaefer, Adam M. McCulloch, Stephen D. Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. Reif, John S. TI CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS FROM ATLANTIC BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) WITH CYTOLOGIC EVIDENCE OF GASTRIC INFLAMMATION SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; cytology; gastric inflammation; hematology; serum biochemistry; stress hormones ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CHARLESTON; FLORIDA AB As part of the Bottlenose Dolphin Health and Risk Assessment study, blood, gastric, fecal, and blowhole samples were collected from 114 Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (IRL), and from 73 dolphins from the estuarine waters around Charleston, South Carolina (CHS), to assess the presence and degree of cytologic evidence of gastric inflammation from 2003 to 2007. The prevalence of moderate and severe gastric inflammation was 9.6% in the IRL and 11.0% at CHS. A case-control study of 19 dolphins with cytologic evidence of gastric inflammation and 82 with normal cytology from the combined populations was conducted. Blood parameters evaluated included hematology, serum chemistry, serum protein electrophoresis, and stress hormones. Few differences of clinical or statistical significance were found between affected and unaffected dolphins. Serum norepinephrine and cortisol were significantly higher in cases compared to the controls, and aldosterone was marginally higher (P = 0.06) based on eight cases. None of the hematologic, serum chemistry, or serum electrophoresis results were significantly different. Gastric fluid pH was not significantly different between cases and controls. There were no clinically significant aerobic-anaerobic or fungal culture results from gastric contents; bacteria cultured from both groups were considered to represent normal flora. The prevalence of inflammation did not differ by gender. Historically, cytologic evidence of gastric inflammation has constituted a marker of systemic illness in dolphins; however, there was little evidence to indicate systemic illness among affected animals. The data obtained from this study provide a basis for further investigation and evaluation of gastric cytology in wild and managed bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Goldstein, Juli D.; Schaefer, Adam M.; McCulloch, Stephen D.; Bossart, Gregory D.; Reif, John S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Hlth, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOS, Charleston, SC 29142 USA. RP Goldstein, JD (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Hlth, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM jgolds31@fau.edu FU Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program FX This work was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service permit 998-1678, issued to Dr. Gregory Bossart as part of the Health and Environmental Risk Assessment conducted in the IRL. The authors would like to acknowledge Sarah Pflaum, Dr. Forrest Townsend, Wayne McFee (for determination of age), and the Health and Environmental Risk Assessment veterinary medical staff, as well as all of the Health and Environmental Risk Assessment volunteers, collaborators, and staff members, and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Computer Services. Funding for this project was provided through the Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Program and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 730 EP 738 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 059AJ UT WOS:000312676500005 PM 23272338 ER PT J AU Bonatti, E Crane, K AF Bonatti, Enrico Crane, Kathleen TI Oceanography and Women Early Challenges SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; OCEANIC RIDGES; ROCKS AB Today, oceanography is an active field of research that challenges hundreds of men and women. However, women scientists were not permitted to sail on oceanographic vessels up to the mid-1960s. This prohibition stems from ancient taboos reflected in myths and legends, starting with Homer's Odyssey. An isolated pioneer was Jeanne Baret, a botanist who managed to sail disguised as a man on the 1676-1679 French expedition of L.A. de Bougainville; she became the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. No women sailed on the 1872-1876 Challenger Expedition, the first major scientific exploration of the ocean. No women were allowed on research vessels of US oceanographic institutions during the post-World War II years. An attempt by graduate student Roberta Eike in 1956 resulted in her dismissal from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The taboo against women at sea was broken at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1963, when two Russian scientists were invited to participate in a major expedition onboard R/V Argo. One turned out to be a woman-Elena Lubimova, a heat flow geophysicist. The taboo against women at sea prevailed also in Western Europe, but not in Russia. For instance, marine geologist Maria Klenova of Moscow's Institute of Oceanology led major expeditions in the Arctic and Atlantic as early as the 1930s. The taboo against women at sea subsided gradually, and today women oceanographers sail freely on research vessels, contributing greatly to the progress of our discipline. C1 [Bonatti, Enrico] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Bonatti, Enrico] CNR, Ist Sci Marine, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Crane, Kathleen] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Observat Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bonatti, E (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. EM enrico.bonatti@bo.ismar.cnr.it RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2012 VL 25 IS 4 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 060FM UT WOS:000312761900008 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Kaduk, JA Wu, H Suchomel, M AF Wong-Ng, W. Kaduk, J. A. Wu, H. Suchomel, M. TI Synchrotron X-ray studies of metal-organic framework M-2(2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate), M = (Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) (MOF74) SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Crystallographic-Association CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Crystallog Assoc DE Metal-organic framework; MOF74; M-2(2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate)center dot nH(2)O; (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn); Synchrotron X-ray; High resolution diffraction patterns ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; COORDINATION POLYMER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SITES; ADSORPTION; DIFFRACTION; MOF-74; SYSTEM AB M-2(dhtp)center dot nH(2)O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; dhtp = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate), known as MOF74, is a family of excellent sorbent materials for CO2 that contains coordinatively unsaturated metal sites and a honeycomb-like structure featuring a broad one-dimensional channel. This paper describes the structural feature and provides reference X-ray powder diffraction patterns of these four isostructural compounds. The structures were determined using synchrotron diffraction data obtained at beam line 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in the Argonne National Laboratory. The samples were confirmed to be hexagonal R (3) over bar (No. 148). From M = Mn, Co, Ni, to Zn, the lattice parameter a of MOF74 ranges from 26.131 73(4) angstrom to 26.5738(2) angstrom, c from 6.651 97(5) to 6.808 83(8) angstrom, and V ranges from 3948.08 angstrom(3) to 4163.99 angstrom(3), respectively. The four reference X-ray powder diffraction patterns have been submitted for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). (c) 2012 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [doi:10.1017/S0885715612000863] C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Wu, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Suchomel, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Suchomel, Matthew/C-5491-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; ICDD [09-03] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. Partial support by ICDD (Grant-in-Aid 09-03) is also acknowledged. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 14 U2 105 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1017/S0885715612000863 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 062NF UT WOS:000312925800005 ER PT J AU Gerbig, YB Michaels, CA Forster, AM Hettenhouser, JW Byrd, WE Morris, DJ Cook, RF AF Gerbig, Y. B. Michaels, C. A. Forster, A. M. Hettenhouser, J. W. Byrd, W. E. Morris, D. J. Cook, R. F. TI Indentation device for in situ Raman spectroscopic and optical studies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; SODA-LIME GLASS; SENSING INDENTATION; HIGH-DENSITY; POLYETHYLENE; SILICON; PRESSURE; NANOINDENTATION; FRACTURE; CRACKING AB Instrumented indentation is a widely used technique to study the mechanical behavior of materials at small length scales. Mechanical tests of bulk materials, microscopic, and spectroscopic studies may be conducted to complement indentation and enable the determination of the kinetics and physics involved in the mechanical deformation of materials at the crystallographic and molecular level, e.g., strain build-up in crystal lattices, phase transformations, and changes in crystallinity or orientation. However, many of these phenomena occurring during indentation can only be observed in their entirety and analyzed in depth under in situ conditions. This paper describes the design, calibration, and operation of an indentation device that is coupled with a Raman microscope to conduct in situ spectroscopic and optical analysis of mechanically deformed regions of Raman-active, transparent bulk material, thin films or fibers under contact loading. The capabilities of the presented device are demonstrated by in situ studies of the indentation-induced phase transformations of Si thin films and modifications of molecular conformations in high density polyethylene films. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4769995] C1 [Gerbig, Y. B.; Morris, D. J.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Michaels, C. A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, A. M.; Hettenhouser, J. W.; Byrd, W. E.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerbig, YB (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yvonne.gerbig@nist.gov NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 12 AR 125106 DI 10.1063/1.4769995 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 061FS UT WOS:000312834300062 PM 23278025 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah TI The statistical modeling of atomic clocks and the design of time scales (vol 83, 021101, 2012) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Correction C1 [Levine, Judah] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levine, Judah] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 83 IS 12 AR 129902 DI 10.1063/1.4769734 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 061FS UT WOS:000312834300071 ER PT J AU Colle, BA Lombardo, KA Tongue, JS Goodman, W Vaz, N AF Colle, Brian A. Lombardo, Kelly A. Tongue, Jeffrey S. Goodman, William Vaz, Nelson TI Tornadoes in the New York Metropolitan Region: Climatology and Multiscale Analysis of Two Events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAKS; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; SQUALL LINES; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; BOW ECHOES; SUPERCELL; ENVIRONMENTS; MESOVORTICES AB This paper describes the climatology of tornadoes around New York City (NYC) and Long Island (LI), New York, and the structural evolution of two tornadic events that affected NYC on 8 August 2007 and 16 September 2010. Nearly half (18 of 34 events from 1950 to 2010) of NYC-LI tornadoes developed between 0500 and 1300 EDT, and August is the peak tornado month as compared to July for most of the northeast United States. A spatial composite highlights the approaching midlevel trough, moderate most unstable convective available potential energy (MUCAPE), and frontogenesis along a low-level baroclinic zone. Shortly before the early morning tornadoes on 8 August 2007, a mesoscale convective system intensified in the lee of the Appalachians in a region of low-level frontogenesis and moderate MUCAPE (similar to 1500 J kg(-1)). Warm advection at low levels and evaporative cooling within an elevated mixed layer (EML) ahead of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) helped steepen the low-level lapse rates. Meanwhile, a surface mesolow along a quasi-stationary frontal zone enhanced the warm advection and low-level shear. The late afternoon event on 16 September 2010 was characterized by a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) that also featured an EML aloft, a surface mesolow just west of NYC, low-level frontogenesis, and a southerly low-level jet ahead of an approaching midlevel trough. The QLCS intensified approaching NYC and generated mesovortices as the QLCS bowed outward. These cases illustrate the benefit of high-density surface observations, terminal Doppler radars, and sounding profiles from commercial aircraft for nowcasting these events. C1 [Colle, Brian A.; Lombardo, Kelly A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tongue, Jeffrey S.; Goodman, William; Vaz, Nelson] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Upton, NY USA. RP Colle, BA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM brian.colle@stonybrook.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0705036]; NOAA-CSTAR [NA10NWS4680003] FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM-0705036) and NOAA-CSTAR (NA10NWS4680003). We appreciate the helpful comments and suggestions from David Radell and Jeffrey Waldstreicher at Eastern Region Headquarters of the National Weather Service as well as Dr. Erik Rasmussen and two anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1326 EP 1348 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00006.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063TH UT WOS:000313023900002 ER PT J AU Lynn, BH Yair, Y Price, C Kelman, G Clark, AJ AF Lynn, Barry H. Yair, Yoav Price, Colin Kelman, Guy Clark, Adam J. TI Predicting Cloud-to-Ground and Intracloud Lightning in Weather Forecast Models SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID KENNEDY-SPACE-CENTER; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SURFACE-HYDROLOGY MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SQUALL LINE; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; SIMULATED ELECTRIFICATION; ELECTRICAL ASPECTS; BULK MICROPHYSICS; PROPERTY DAMAGE AB A new prognostic, spatially and temporally dependent variable is introduced to the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). This variable is called the potential electrical energy (E-p). It was used to predict the dynamic contribution of the grid-scale-resolved microphysical and vertical velocity fields to the production of cloud-to-ground and intracloud lightning in convection-allowing forecasts. The source of E-p is assumed to be the noninductive charge separation process involving collisions of graupel and ice particles in the presence of supercooled liquid water. The E-p dissipates when it exceeds preassigned threshold values and lightning is generated. An analysis of four case studies is presented and analyzed. On the 4-km simulation grid, a single cloud-to-ground lightning event was forecast with about equal values of probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR). However, when lighting was integrated onto 12-km and then 36-km grid overlays, there was a large improvement in the forecast skill, and as many as 10 cloud-to-ground lighting events were well forecast on the 36-km grid. The impact of initial conditions on forecast accuracy is briefly discussed, including an evaluation of the scheme in wintertime, when lightning activity is weaker. The dynamic algorithm forecasts are also contrasted with statistical lightning forecasts and differences are noted. The scheme is being used operationally with the Rapid Refresh (13 km) data; the skill scores in these operational runs were very good in clearly defined convective situations. C1 [Lynn, Barry H.; Kelman, Guy] Weather It Is Ltd, Efrat, Israel. [Yair, Yoav] Open Univ Israel, Dept Life & Nat Sci, IL-43107 Raanana, Israel. [Price, Colin] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys Atmospher & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Clark, Adam J.] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Yair, Y (reprint author), Open Univ Israel, Dept Life & Nat Sci, 1 Univ Rd, IL-43107 Raanana, Israel. EM yoavya@openu.ac.il NR 78 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1470 EP 1488 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00144.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063TH UT WOS:000313023900009 ER PT J AU Schultz, CJ Askelson, MA AF Schultz, Chauncy J. Askelson, Mark A. TI Vertical Variations of Boundary Layer Potential Buoyancy in Tornadic and Nontornadic Near-Storm Environments SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SUPERCELL; TEMPERATURE; DOWNDRAFTS; EVOLUTION; HELICITY; DRIVEN; MODEL AB Despite great strides in understanding the tornadic near-storm environment (NSE), at times it remains difficult to determine why some storms produce significant tornadoes, while others produce none, given similar pretornadic radar reflectivity and velocity signatures. Previous studies have shown that this is likely related to the potential buoyancy (theta(ep)) of the rear-flank downdraft (RFD) air. Unfortunately, to date there are few ways to operationally anticipate possible RFD thermodynamic character. Based upon previous research indicating that capping inversions may restrict much of the low-level RFD air to come from within the boundary layer, this study considers the relation of Delta theta(ep) (vertical change in theta(ep) within the boundary layer below the cap) to tornadogenesis potential. This is because when a cap exists above a boundary layer and the descent of lower-theta(ep) air from aloft to the surface is potentially limited, then minimal Delta theta(ep) may indicate more RFD air that has greater potential buoyancy. The Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) soundings used in this study and several observed soundings taken in the vicinity of violent tornadoes suggest that boundary layer Delta theta(ep) shows promise as an additional means of discriminating between tornadic and nontornadic NSEs. C1 [Schultz, Chauncy J.] Natl Weather Serv, Billings, MT 59102 USA. [Askelson, Mark A.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Schultz, CJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 2170 Overland Ave, Billings, MT 59102 USA. EM chauncy.schultz@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1489 EP 1506 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00097.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063TH UT WOS:000313023900010 ER PT J AU Edwards, R Dean, AR Thompson, RL Smith, BT AF Edwards, Roger Dean, Andrew R. Thompson, Richard L. Smith, Bryan T. TI Convective Modes for Significant Severe Thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States. Part III: Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; MESOSCALE; SHEAR; HELICITY; OUTBREAK; RAINBAND; ATLANTIC; WSR-88D AB A gridded, hourly, three-dimensional environmental mesoanalysis database at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC), based on objectively analyzed surface observations blended with the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model-analysis fields and described in Parts I and II of this series, is applied to a 2003-11 subset of the SPC tropical cyclone (TC) tornado records. Distributions of environmental convective parameters, derived from SPC hourly mesoanalysis fields that have been related to supercells and tornadoes in the midlatitudes, are evaluated for their pertinence to TC tornado occurrence. The main factor differentiating TC from non-TC tornado environments is much greater deep-tropospheric moisture, associated with reduced lapse rates, lower CAPE, and smaller and more compressed distributions of parameters derived from CAPE and vertical shear. For weak and strong TC tornado categories (EF0-EF1 and EF2-EF3 on the enhanced Fujita scale, respectively), little distinction is evident across most parameters. Radar reflectivity and velocity data also are examined for the same subset of TC tornadoes, in order to determine parent convective modes (e.g., discrete, linear, clustered, supercellular vs nonsupercellular), and the association of those modes with several mesoanalysis parameters. Supercellular TC tornadoes are accompanied by somewhat greater vertical shear than those occurring from other modes. Tornadoes accompanying nonsupercellular radar echoes tend to occur closer to the TC center, where CAPE and shear tend to weaken relative to the outer TC envelope, though there is considerable overlap of their respective radial distributions and environmental parameter spaces. C1 [Edwards, Roger; Dean, Andrew R.; Thompson, Richard L.; Smith, Bryan T.] NWS Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Edwards, R (reprint author), NWS Storm Predict Ctr, Ste 2300,120 Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM roger.edwards@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1519 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00117.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063TH UT WOS:000313023900011 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Crockett, J Sperow, K Ba, M Xin, LY AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Crockett, John Sperow, Kenneth Ba, Mamoudou Xin, Lingyan TI Tuning AutoNowcaster Automatically SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FORECAST VERIFICATION; GENETIC ALGORITHM; MODEL; THUNDERSTORMS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB AutoNowcaster (ANC) is an automated system that nowcasts thunderstorms, including thunderstorm initiation. However, its parameters have to be tuned to regional environments, a process that is time consuming, labor intensive, and quite subjective. When the National Weather Service decided to explore using ANC in forecast operations, a faster, less labor-intensive, and objective mechanism to tune the parameters for all the forecast offices was sought. In this paper, a genetic algorithm approach to tuning ANC is described. The process consisted of choosing datasets, employing an objective forecast verification technique, and devising a fitness function. ANC was modified to create nowcasts offline using weights iteratively generated by the genetic algorithm. The weights were generated by probabilistically combining weights with good fitness, leading to better and better weights as the tuning process proceeded. The nowcasts created by ANC using the automatically determined weights are compared with the nowcasts created by ANC using weights that were the result of manual tuning. It is shown that nowcasts created using the automatically tuned weights are as skilled as the ones created through manual tuning. In addition, automated tuning can be done in a fraction of the time that it takes experts to analyze the data and tune the weights. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Crockett, John; Ba, Mamoudou; Xin, Lingyan] Off Sci & Technol, NOAA NWS, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Crockett, John] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. [Sperow, Kenneth] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM lakshman@ou.edu FU NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227] FX Funding for the lead author was provided under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. We thank Rita Roberts, Amanda Anderson, Dan Megenhardt, and Eric Nelson of NCAR's Research Application Laboratory for their kind and timely assistance with archival data and for providing us the extensive information necessary to remap the nowcast interest fields. We also wish to thank Stephan Smith of MDL, Jim Wilson of NCAR, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions on improving the manuscript. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1568 EP 1579 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00141.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063TH UT WOS:000313023900015 ER PT J AU Hitchens, NM Brooks, HE AF Hitchens, Nathan M. Brooks, Harold E. TI Evaluation of the Storm Prediction Center's Day 1 Convective Outlooks SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FORECAST AB The Storm Prediction Center has issued daily convective outlooks since the mid-1950s. This paper represents an initial effort to examine the quality of these forecasts. Convective outlooks are plotted on a latitude longitude grid with 80-km grid spacing and evaluated using storm reports to calculate verification measures including the probability of detection, frequency of hits, and critical success index. Results show distinct improvements in forecast performance over the duration of the study period, some of which can be attributed to apparent changes in forecasting philosophies. C1 [Hitchens, Nathan M.; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Hitchens, NM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nathan.hitchens@noaa.gov OI Hitchens, Nathan/0000-0003-4659-111X FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. The authors thank the Storm Prediction Center's Andy Dean for providing the convective outlook dataset and Steve Weiss for his helpful comments. The constructive comments and suggestions made by Steve Corfidi and Pieter Groenemeijer helped improve the manuscript. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1580 EP 1585 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00061.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063TH UT WOS:000313023900016 ER PT J AU Brown, RA Wood, VT AF Brown, Rodger A. Wood, Vincent T. TI Simulated Vortex Detection Using a Four-Face Phased-Array Doppler Radar SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TORNADO DETECTION; RESOLUTION; KANSAS AB The National Weather Radar Testbed was established in Norman, Oklahoma, in 2002 to evaluate, in part, the feasibility of eventually replacing mechanically scanned parabolic antennas with electronically scanned phased-array antennas on weather surveillance radars. If a phased-array antenna system is to replace the current antenna, among the important decisions that must be made are the design (flat faces, cylinder, etc.) that will be needed to cover 360 degrees in azimuth and the choice of an acceptable beamwidth. Investigating the flat-face option, four faces seem to be a reasonable choice for providing adequate coverage. To help with the beamwidth decision-making process, the influence of beamwidth on the resolution of various-sized simulated vortices is investigated. It is found that the half-power beamwidth across the antenna should be no more than 1.0 degrees (equating to a broadside beamwidth of 0.75 degrees) in order to provide National Weather Service forecasters with at least the same quality of data resolution that is currently available for making tornado and severe storm warnings. C1 [Brown, Rodger A.; Wood, Vincent T.] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rodger.brown@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1598 EP 1603 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00059.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063TH UT WOS:000313023900018 ER PT J AU Smeller, MM Heideman, CL Lin, QY Beekman, M Anderson, MD Zschack, P Anderson, IM Johnson, DC AF Smeller, Mary M. Heideman, Colby L. Lin, Qiyin Beekman, Matt Anderson, Michael D. Zschack, Paul Anderson, Ian M. Johnson, David C. TI Structure of Turbostratically Disordered Misfit Layer Compounds [(PbSe)0.99]1[WSe2]1, [(PbSe)1.00]1[MoSe2]1, and [(SnSe)1.03]1[MoSe2]1 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE Chalcogenides; X-ray diffraction; Layered compounds; Solid state structures; Synthesis design ID ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RARE-EARTH; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; COMPOUNDS (MS)NTS2; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB The structures of three new misfit layer compounds, [(PbSe)0.99]1[WSe2]1, [(PbSe)1.00]1[MoSe2]1, and [(SnSe)1.03]1[MoSe2]1, prepared as thin films from designed elementally modulated reactant precursors, have been investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. This is the second report of a misfit layer compound based on tin selenide and the first structure determinations of tungsten- and molybdenum-containing misfit layer compounds. The compounds have mismatches in both the a- and b-axis (in-plane) lattice parameters of the component structural units, which result in misfit parameters, d, both greater and smaller than zero. Pole figures of hk0-type reflections indicate that c-axis-oriented (basal plane) dichalcogenide-structured units are randomly oriented within the a-b plane. The widths of diffraction peaks of type hk0, 00l, and hkl (h, k ? 0; l ? 0) indicate coherence lengths of approximately (6 to 7) nm within the a-b plane, the full thickness of the film along the c-axis, and (1 to 2) nm in mixed-index directions, respectively, consistent with random rotational disorder between the constituents, commonly termed turbostratic disorder in the clay literature. The intensities of 00l- and hk0-type diffraction peaks were modeled to determine the structure of atomic planes along the c axis and the projection of the constituent structures onto the a-b plane, respectively. C1 [Smeller, Mary M.; Anderson, Michael D.; Johnson, David C.] 1253 Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Heideman, Colby L.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Dept Chem, La Grande, OR 97805 USA. [Lin, Qiyin] Univ Calif Irvine, Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Beekman, Matt] Oregon Inst Technol, Dept Nat Sci, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. [Anderson, Michael D.; Anderson, Ian M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zschack, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), 1253 Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM davej@uoregon.edu RI Beekman, Matt/I-4470-2014 OI Beekman, Matt/0000-0001-9694-2286 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0907049, MRI 0923577]; ONR [N00014-07-1-0358]; National Science Foundation through CCI [CHE-1102637]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; [DMR 1105438] FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under grant DMR 0907049 and grant number MRI 0923577 and by ONR Grant No. N00014-07-1-0358. Coauthors MDA and CLH acknowledge support from DMR 1105438. Coauthor DCJ acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through CCI grant number CHE-1102637. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 52 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 638 IS 15 SI SI BP 2632 EP 2639 DI 10.1002/zaac.201200408 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 059IZ UT WOS:000312699400033 ER PT J AU Page, KA England, D Texter, J AF Page, Kirt A. England, Dustin Texter, John TI Capturing Nanoscale Structure in Network Gels by Microemulsion Polymerization SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; IONIC LIQUIDS; CROSS-LINKING; ASSEMBLIES; METHACRYLATE; MESOPHASES; MORPHOLOGY; LATEXES; PHASE; SAXS AB Small-angle neutron scattering and turbidity were used to probe nanoscale structure in bicontinuous microemulsions before and after polymerization. Difficulties in capturing nanoscale structure by polymerizing microemulsions have persisted with the use of thermal initiation. Bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization with a reactive surfactant monomer and cross-linker was done with only a 20% increase in repeat distance. This small increase represents better than an order of magnitude advance over previous attempts, exhibiting hundreds to thousands percent increases. Both the network gel and the precursor microemulsion were transparent and devoid of microphase separation. C1 [England, Dustin; Texter, John] Eastern Michigan Univ, Coatings Res Inst, Sch Engn Technol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. [Page, Kirt A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Texter, J (reprint author), Eastern Michigan Univ, Coatings Res Inst, Sch Engn Technol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. EM jtexter@emich.edu RI Texter, John/G-3276-2010 OI Texter, John/0000-0001-7774-6175 FU ONR [N00014-04-1-0763] FX This work was substantially supported by ONR Grant Award No. N00014-04-1-0763. We thank Ray Dagastine, John Howater and Christopher Stafford for their helpful comments. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 1 IS 12 BP 1398 EP 1402 DI 10.1021/mz300521d PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 057LR UT WOS:000312565500008 ER PT J AU Hanafin, JA Quilfen, Y Ardhuin, F Sienkiewicz, J Queffeulou, P Obrebski, M Chapron, B Reul, N Collard, F Corman, D de Azevedo, EB Vandemark, D Stutzmann, E AF Hanafin, Jennifer A. Quilfen, Yves Ardhuin, Fabrice Sienkiewicz, Joseph Queffeulou, Pierre Obrebski, Mathias Chapron, Bertrand Reul, Nicolas Collard, Fabrice Corman, David de Azevedo, Eduardo B. Vandemark, Doug Stutzmann, Eleonore TI Phenomenal Sea States and Swell from a North Atlantic Storm in February 2011 A Comprehensive Analysis SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-FORCE WINDS; WAVE MODELS; GENERATION C1 [Hanafin, Jennifer A.; Quilfen, Yves; Ardhuin, Fabrice; Queffeulou, Pierre; Obrebski, Mathias; Chapron, Bertrand; Reul, Nicolas] IFREMER Ctr Brest, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Sienkiewicz, Joseph] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Ocean Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Collard, Fabrice] CLS Brest, Plouzane, France. [Corman, David] Serv Hydrograph & Oceanog Marine, Brest, France. [de Azevedo, Eduardo B.] Univ Acores, CLIMAAT MacSIMAR, Angra Do Heroismo, Azores, Portugal. [Vandemark, Doug] Univ New Hampshire, Coastal Ocean Observing Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Stutzmann, Eleonore] Inst Phys Globe, Dept Sismol, Paris, France. RP Hanafin, JA (reprint author), IFREMER Ctr Brest, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, BP 70, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM jenny.hanafin@ifremer.fr RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011; obrebski, mathias/M-4933-2013; Chapron, Bertrand/O-6527-2015; reul, nicolas/C-4895-2009; Brito de Azevedo, Eduardo/M-4266-2013; Quilfen, Yves/A-1824-2016; Stutzmann, Eleonore/G-8511-2014 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681; Brito de Azevedo, Eduardo/0000-0001-5172-7742; Reul, Nicolas/0000-0003-4881-2967; Stutzmann, Eleonore/0000-0002-4348-7475 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1825 EP 1832 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00128.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055TS UT WOS:000312441200005 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Fortin, V AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Fortin, Vincent TI ADVANCING GREAT LAKES HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCE THROUGH TARGETED BINATIONAL COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Fortin, Vincent] Environm Canada, Environm Numer Predict Res Sect, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Fortin, Vincent/0000-0002-2145-4592; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU EC; IJC IUGLS FX We are thankful to EC for funding a major portion of workshop-related travel and to NOAA/GLERL for hosting the workshop. We are particularly thankful for support from Dr. Marie Colton (Director, NOAA/GLERL), Dr. Pedro Restrepo (Chief Scientist, NOAA/Office of Hydrological Development), and Dr. Al Pietroniro (Director, Water Survey of Canada), as well as funding through the IJC IUGLS. Anne Clites, Brent Lofgren, Craig Stow, and GLERL's IT staff provided significant technical and logistics support. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1921 EP 1925 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00006.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055TS UT WOS:000312441200013 ER PT J AU Bjorkstedt, EP Goericke, R McClatchie, S Weber, E Watson, W Lo, N Peterson, WT Brodeur, RD Auth, T Fisher, J Morgan, C Peterson, J Largier, J Bograd, SJ Durazo, R Gaxiola-Castro, G Lavaniegos, B Chavez, FP Collins, CA Hannah, B Field, J Sakuma, K Satterthwaite, W O'Farrell, M Hayes, S Harding, J Sydeman, WJ Thompson, SA Warzybok, P Bradley, R Jahncke, J Golightly, RT Schneider, SR Suryan, RM Gladics, AJ Horton, CA Kim, SY Melin, SR DeLong, RL Abell, J AF Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Goericke, Ralf McClatchie, Sam Weber, Ed Watson, William Lo, Nancy Peterson, William T. Brodeur, Richard D. Auth, Toby Fisher, Jennifer Morgan, Cheryl Peterson, Jay Largier, John Bograd, Steven J. Durazo, Reginaldo Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto Lavaniegos, Bertha Chavez, Francisco P. Collins, Curtis A. Hannah, Bob Field, John Sakuma, Keith Satterthwaite, Will O'Farrell, Michael Hayes, Sean Harding, Jeff Sydeman, William J. Thompson, Sarah Ann Warzybok, Pete Bradley, Russell Jahncke, Jaime Golightly, Richard T. Schneider, Stephanie R. Suryan, Robert M. Gladics, Amanda J. Horton, Cheryl A. Kim, Sung Yong Melin, Sharon R. DeLong, Robert L. Abell, Jeffrey TI STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2011-2012: ECOSYSTEMS RESPOND TO LOCAL FORCING AS LA NINA WAVERS AND WANES SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CURRENT SYSTEM; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FISH LARVAE; OREGON; VARIABILITY; ZONE; OSCILLATION; COMMUNITY AB The state of the California Current System (CCS) since spring 2011 has evolved in response to dissipation of La Nina through spring and summer, resurgence of cooler La Nina conditions in fall and winter, and finally a transition towards ENSO-neutral conditions in spring 2012. The resurgence of La Nina was uneven, however, as indicated by variable responses in broad climate indices such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the multi-variate ENSO index, and by latitudinal variability in the timing, strength, and duration of upwelling relative to climatological means. Across the CCS, various measures of ecosystem productivity exhibited a general decline in 2011 relative to 2010, but the magnitude of these declines varied substantially among taxa. Available observations indicate regional variability in climate forcing and ecosystem responses throughout the CCS, continuing a pattern that has emerged with increasing clarity over the past several years. In 2011-12, regional variability was again a consequence of southern regions exhibiting a relatively mild response to climate forcing, in this case tending towards climatological means, while northern regions showed somewhat greater effects of delayed or weaker-than-normal upwelling. In addition to the effects of local and basin-scale forcing, long-term observations off southern California show declines in dissolved oxygen and increases in nutrient concentrations in waters below the mixed layer, trends that are consistent with recent predictions of how global warming will affect the characteristics of upwelling source waters in the CCS. Such trends must be accounted for more comprehensively in ongoing assessment of the state of the California Current and its responses to environmental forcing. At the time of writing, tropical conditions are ENSO neutral and forecast to transition into El Nino in late 2012. This, combined with unusually high abundances of diverse gelatinous taxa throughout much of the CCS during spring 2012, suggests that the ongoing evolution of the state of the California Current might take a particularly unusual path in the coming year. C1 [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. [Goericke, Ralf; Kim, Sung Yong] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Ed; Watson, William; Lo, Nancy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lo, Nancy] Ocean Associates Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Peterson, William T.; Brodeur, Richard D.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Auth, Toby; Fisher, Jennifer; Morgan, Cheryl; Peterson, Jay] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Largier, John] Bodega Bay Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Durazo, Reginaldo] UABC Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto; Lavaniegos, Bertha] CICESE, Div Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Collins, Curtis A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hannah, Bob] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Field, John; Sakuma, Keith; Satterthwaite, Will; O'Farrell, Michael; Hayes, Sean; Harding, Jeff] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Warzybok, Pete; Bradley, Russell; Jahncke, Jaime] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Golightly, Richard T.; Schneider, Stephanie R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Melin, Sharon R.; DeLong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Abell, Jeffrey] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bjorkstedt, EP (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, POB 690, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009; Kim, Sung Yong/B-9852-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X; Kim, Sung Yong/0000-0003-1962-8992 FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programs; Mexico's Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); NOAA's Integrated Ocean Observing Systems (IOOS) program; Coastal Observing Research and Development Center; California's Ocean Protection Council; Redwood National and State Parks; Baker Trust; Marisla Foundation; Campini Foundation; Kimball Foundation; Mead Foundation; R/V Coral Sea; R/V Francisco de Ulloa; Elahka; FS/V Ocean Starr; R/V New Horizon; FS/V Bell M. Shimada; F/V Frosti FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments that improved this manuscript and provide guidance for continued development of reports in this series. Xuemei Qiu and Reiko Michisaki assisted with several of the plots included in this paper. Financial and collaborative support for the science reported here comes from diverse agencies and government entities, including NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and its Stock Assessment Improvement Plan (SAIP) and Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programs, Mexico's Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), NOAA's Integrated Ocean Observing Systems (IOOS) program and university partners through the Coastal Observing Research and Development Center, California's Ocean Protection Council, and Redwood National and State Parks. The David and Lucile Packard Foundation supported central California mooring observations. The Baker Trust, the Marisla Foundation, the Campini Foundation, the Kimball Foundation, and the Mead Foundation supported seabird work on Southeast Farallon Island. We also thank the captains and crew of the vessels that supported this work, including R/V Coral Sea, R/V Francisco de Ulloa, Elahka, FS/V Ocean Starr, R/V New Horizon, FS/V Bell M. Shimada, F/V Frosti, F/V Miss Sue, F/V Piky, and F/V Excalibur. We also sincerely thank the many dedicated individuals who have participated in, advised, collaborated in, or otherwise contributed to the collection, management, and analysis of these data both in recent years and in the past. NR 73 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 36 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 53 BP 41 EP 76 PG 36 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 050FY UT WOS:000312039800004 ER PT J AU Dereynier, Y AF Dereynier, Yvonne TI MAKING ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT A REALITY: THE PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL AND THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEM; LA-NINA; STATE; MODEL; GOVERNANCE; CHALLENGES AB Implementing ecosystem-based management requires both scientific assessments of ecosystem interactions and policy analysis of the interactions between the laws that manage the ecosystem and its resources. The California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) process brings together scientists from a host of disciplines to assess the interactions and status of the California Current Ecosystem. However, the generation of scientific information does not automatically lead to management action. U.S. fisheries law facilitates and allows ecosystem-based management but does not require it, a situation that can either encourage creativity or stifle action. The Pacific Fishery Management Council (Pacific Council) is engaged in an ecosystem-based fishery management process to better understand the California Current Ecosystem and how ocean resource management processes and priorities interact to affect the ecosystem. For the California Current IEA to support movement toward ecosystem-based management, it must better account for how our laws affect natural resources and drive management processes. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dereynier, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Yvonne.deReynier@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 53 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 050FY UT WOS:000312039800005 ER PT J AU Kaplan, I AF Kaplan, Isaac TI ECOSYSTEM MODELING FOR THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kaplan, I (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 53 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 050FY UT WOS:000312039800006 ER PT J AU Link, JS AF Link, Jason S. TI OVERVIEW OF ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT AND INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENTS SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article C1 NMFS NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NMFS NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 53 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 050FY UT WOS:000312039800007 ER PT J AU Melin, SR Orr, AJ Harris, JD Laake, JL DeLong, RL AF Melin, Sharon R. Orr, Anthony J. Harris, Jeffrey D. Laake, Jeffrey L. DeLong, Robert L. TI CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS: AN INDICATOR FOR INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SAN-MIGUEL ISLAND; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; OCEAN CLIMATE; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; DIET COMPOSITION; EL-NINO; LA-NINA; VARIABILITY AB We examined the annual number of pups born, pup mortality, and pup weights of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) at San Miguel Island, California, and related them to large and small-scale oceanographic indices in the central California Current System (CCS) between 1997 and 2011. Annual variability in the number of pups born and pup mortality was best explained by the muditvariate ENSO index (MEI) that tracks the El Nino/La Nina cycle. Annual variability in average pup weights was best explained by a sea surface temperature anomaly index (SSTA); average pup weights were lower in years when the SSTA was greater than 1 degrees C above normal. We demonstrated that California sea lions are sensitive to large and small-scale changes in ocean conditions through changes in their reproductive success, pup growth, and pup mortality. Therefore, California sea lions are an ideal indicator species for the IEA of the CCS. C1 [Melin, Sharon R.; Orr, Anthony J.; Harris, Jeffrey D.; Laake, Jeffrey L.; DeLong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Melin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank all the field personnel who assisted with pup surveys and weighing activities. Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands Aviation provided logistical support for the field work. We appreciate the reviews by R. Towell, P. Gearin, H. Huber, J. Lee, and three anonymous reviewers. This project was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center and was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit Numbers 977, 1613, 782-1812, and 16087 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 38 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 53 BP 140 EP 152 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 050FY UT WOS:000312039800011 ER PT J AU Suntsov, A Koslow, JA Watson, W AF Suntsov, Andrey Koslow, J. Anthony Watson, William TI THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF COASTAL ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES OFF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LARVAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES; DIEL VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SEBASTES SPP.; DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS; HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; UPWELLING REGION; SAN-ONOFRE; NEARSHORE AB We examined the assemblage structure of the coastal ichthyoplankton off central and southern California in relation to depth and region, based on data from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI), the Los Angeles County Museum, monitoring of coastal power plants, and other sources. Point Conception was a transition region for ichthyoplankton from San Francisco to San Diego, with distinct depth-related ichthyoplankton assemblages north and south of Point Conception. Northern and southern shallow assemblages were dominated by larval gobies (Gobi-idae), with Acanthogobius flavimanus and Lepidogobius lepidus more important in the north and Gillichthys mirabilis in the south. The more offshore assemblage north of Point Conception was dominated by a variety of larval sculpins (Cottidae), while there was greater influence from several croaker species (Sciaenidae) in the Southern California Bight (SCB). There was a faunal transition zone at 15-22 m depth in the SCB. The shallow larval assemblages were primarily characterized by demersally spawning species, while species with planktonic eggs were generally found more offshore. Analysis of several coastal data sets suggested that ichthyoplankton programs may target distinct larval assemblages even within the relatively narrow coastal zone and that such differences may be more pronounced during certain seasons. Our results have important implications for marine spatial planning and for monitoring coastal marine protected areas. C1 [Suntsov, Andrey; Koslow, J. Anthony] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Watson, William] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Suntsov, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jkoslow@ucsd.edu FU California Conservancy and Ocean Protection Council FX This study was funded by a grant from the California Conservancy and Ocean Protection Council. We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and support from Tenera Environmental, in particular John Steinbeck, Richard Feeney (Los Angeles County Museum, Ichthyology Section), and from Russ Vetter, Richard Charter, Sam McClatchie, Ed Weber and others from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/NOAA). We thank Karen Baker, J. Conners, and M. Kortz for assistance with database operations. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 53 BP 153 EP 170 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 050FY UT WOS:000312039800012 ER PT J AU Ford, M Murdoch, A Howard, S AF Ford, Michael Murdoch, Andrew Howard, Sharon TI Early male maturity explains a negative correlation in reproductive success between hatchery-spawned salmon and their naturally spawning progeny SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Captive propagation; domestication; early maturity; hatchery; parentage; selection; supportive breeding ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; PRECOCIOUS MALE MATURATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAM; REARED STEELHEAD; WILD; FITNESS; SELECTION; POPULATIONS; RIVER AB Adaptation of plants or animals to captivity is a risk associated with any captive breeding program that has the intent of returning organisms to the wild. The risk is particularly acute for species that are captively bred and released on a large scale, as is the case for many species of fish. Several studies, particularly in salmonids, have reported rapid adaptation of populations to captivity, but the mechanisms of such adaptations are not always clear. We evaluated a large three-generation pedigree of an artificially supplemented salmon population, and found that the fish with the highest reproductive success in captivity produce early maturing male offspring that have lower than average reproductive success in the wild. In contrast to an earlier study of steelhead trout, we found little evidence that parental origin of the captive spawners influenced the subsequent reproductive success of their naturally spawning progeny. C1 [Ford, Michael; Howard, Sharon] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Murdoch, Andrew] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Ford, M (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00261.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 053XY UT WOS:000312309800005 ER PT J AU Heim, RR Brewer, MJ AF Heim, Richard R., Jr. Brewer, Michael J. TI The Global Drought Monitor Portal: The Foundation for a Global Drought Information System SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Global; Drought; Monitoring ID UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGY; SERIES AB The international scientific community has long recognized the need for coordinated drought monitoring and response, but many factors have prevented progress in the development of a Global Drought Early Warning System (GDEWS): some of which involve administrative issues (coordinated international action and policy) while others involve scientific, technological, and logistical issues. The creation of the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) Portal within the United States provided an opportunity to take the first steps toward building the informational foundation for a GDEWS: that is, a Global Drought Information System (GDIS). At a series of workshops sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and Group on Earth Observations (GEO) held in Asheville, North Carolina, in April 2010, it was recommended that a modular approach be taken in the creation of a GDIS and that the NIDIS Portal serve as the foundation for the GDIS structure. Once a NIDIS-based Global Drought Monitor (GDM) Portal (GDMP) established an international drought clearinghouse, the various components of a GDIS (drought monitoring, forecasting, impacts, history, research, and education) and later a GDEWS (drought relief, recovery, and planning) could be constructed atop it. The NIDIS Portal is a web-based information system created to address drought services and early warning in the United States, including drought monitoring, forecasting, impacts, mitigation, research, and education. This portal utilizes Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web mapping services (WMS) to incorporate continental drought monitors into the GDMP. As of early 2012, the GDM has incorporated continental drought information for North America (North American Drought Monitor), Europe (European Drought Observatory), and Africa (African Drought Monitor developed by Princeton University); interest has been expressed by groups representing Australia and South America; and coordination with appropriate parties in Asia is also expected. Because of the range of climates across the world and the diverse nature of drought and the sectors it impacts, the construction and functioning of each continental drought monitor needs to be appropriate for the continent in question. The GDMP includes a suite of global drought indicators identified by experts and adopted by the WMO as the necessary measures to examine drought from a meteorological standpoint; these global drought indicators provide a base to assist the global integration and interpretation of the continental drought monitors. The GDMP has been included in recent updates to the GEO Work Plan and has benefited from substantial coordination with WMO on both their Global Framework for Climate Services and the National Drought Policy efforts. The GDMP is recognized as having the potential to be a major contributor to both of these activities. C1 [Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Brewer, Michael J.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Climate Serv & Monitoring Div, Climate Monitoring Branch, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Heim, RR (reprint author), NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Climate Serv & Monitoring Div, Climate Monitoring Branch, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM richard.heim@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 16 AR 15 DI 10.1175/2012EI000446.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 057TW UT WOS:000312587900001 ER PT J AU Bresky, WC Daniels, JM Bailey, AA Wanzong, ST AF Bresky, Wayne C. Daniels, Jaime M. Bailey, Andrew A. Wanzong, Steven T. TI New Methods toward Minimizing the Slow Speed Bias Associated with Atmospheric Motion Vectors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINDS; METEOSAT; IMPACT AB Comparisons between satellite-derived winds and collocated rawinsonde observations often show a pronounced slow speed bias at mid- and upper levels of the atmosphere. A leading cause of the slow speed bias is the improper assignment of the tracer to a height that is too high in the atmosphere. Height errors alone cannot fully explain the slow bias, however. Another factor influencing the speed bias is the size of the target window used in the tracking step. Tracking with a large target window can cause excessive averaging to occur and a smoothing of the instantaneous wind field. Conversely, if too small a window is specified, there is an increased risk of finding a false match. The authors have developed a new "nested tracking" approach that isolates the dominant local motion within a cloud scene and minimizes the smoothing of the motion estimate. A major advantage of the new approach is the ability to identify which pixels within the cloud scene are contributing to the tracking solution. Knowing which pixels contribute to the dominant motion allows for a more representative height to be derived, thereby directly linking the height assignment to the tracking process, which is an important goal for producers of global atmospheric motion vector (AMV) data. When compared with equivalent rawinsondes, the AMVs derived with the new approach show a considerable improvement in the speed bias and root-mean-square error over a control set of AMVs derived with more-conventional methods. C1 [Bresky, Wayne C.; Bailey, Andrew A.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Daniels, Jaime M.] NOAA, NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wanzong, Steven T.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Bresky, WC (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd,Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM wayne.bresky@noaa.gov RI Daniels, Jaime/E-7933-2011 OI Daniels, Jaime/0000-0002-9438-6631 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2137 EP 2151 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0234.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 056HE UT WOS:000312478200005 ER PT J AU Gagne, DJ McGovern, A Basara, JB Brown, RA AF Gagne, David John, II McGovern, Amy Basara, Jeffrey B. Brown, Rodger A. TI Tornadic Supercell Environments Analyzed Using Surface and Reanalysis Data: A Spatiotemporal Relational Data-Mining Approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-LIVED SUPERCELLS; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; OBSERVATIONAL EXAMINATION; OKLAHOMA MESONET; PROBABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; PARAMETERS AB Oklahoma Mesonet surface data and North American Regional Reanalysis data were integrated with the tracks of over 900 tornadic and nontornadic supercell thunderstorms in Oklahoma from 1994 to 2003 to observe the evolution of near-storm environments with data currently available to operational forecasters. These data are used to train a complex data-mining algorithm that can analyze the variability of meteorological data in both space and time and produce a probabilistic prediction of tornadogenesis given variables describing the near-storm environment. The algorithm was assessed for utility in four ways. First, its probability forecasts were scored. The algorithm did produce some useful skill in discriminating between tornadic and nontornadic supercells as well as in producing reliable probabilities. Second, its selection of relevant attributes was assessed for physical significance. Surface thermodynamic parameters, instability, and bulk wind shear were among the most significant attributes. Third, the algorithm's skill was compared with the skill of single variables commonly used for tornado prediction. The algorithm did noticeably outperform all of the single variables, including composite parameters. Fourth, the situational variations of the predictions from the algorithm were shown in case studies. They revealed instances both in which the algorithm excelled and in which the algorithm was limited. C1 [Gagne, David John, II; Basara, Jeffrey B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [McGovern, Amy] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Basara, Jeffrey B.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Gagne, DJ (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM djgagne@ou.edu RI Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008 OI Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844 FU National Science Foundation [NSF/IIS/0746816]; REU Supplements [NSF/IIS/0840956, NSF/IIS/0938138, NSF/IIS/1036023]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [2011099434]; Oklahoma through the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education; Oklahoma Department of Public Safety FX Special thanks go to Nathaniel Troutman for maintaining and supporting the SRRF codebase. The anonymous reviewers provided much helpful feedback that strengthened the quality of this paper. Some of the computing for this project was performed at the University of Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER). This study was funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF/IIS/0746816 and related REU Supplements NSF/IIS/0840956, NSF/IIS/0938138, and NSF/IIS/1036023 as well as the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant 2011099434. The Oklahoma Mesonet is funded by the taxpayers of Oklahoma through the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education and the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety. NARR data were retrieved from the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2203 EP 2217 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-060.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 056HE UT WOS:000312478200009 ER PT J AU Black, RA Hallett, J AF Black, Robert A. Hallett, John TI Rain Rate and Water Content in Hurricanes Compared with Summer Rain in Miami, Florida SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; VERTICAL VELOCITY; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; CORE STRUCTURE; INNER CORE; EVOLUTION; PRECIPITATION; CUMULONIMBUS AB Liquid water content (g m(-3)), precipitation rate (mm h(-1)), and radar reflectivity (dBZ) are inferred from cross sections of particle images obtained by aircraft. Each dataset is presented in a probability format to display changing functional relationships for the selected intervals. The probability of intercepting a given quantity during a flight provides guidance in required instrument sensitivity together with the frequency of precipitation and liquid water content events for given rainfall totals. These data are compared with surface rain rate obtained over two years in the May-October warm seasons in Miami, Florida, with a Hotplate rain gauge. The warm season Miami surface rain-rate probability distribution is similar to the 2005 hurricane rain-rate distribution. Rain rates > similar to 120 mm h(-1) were responsible for over one-half of the accumulation, even though lighter rain dominated by time. Hurricane rainfall is somewhat more intense than the normal surface convective rainfall in that 10% of the 1977-2001 (old) hurricane rain rates exceeded 20 mm h(-1), whereas only 10% of the surface rain rates exceeded only similar to 10 mm h(-1). The shape of the rain-rate probability distributions from the 2005 (recent) hurricane data was nearly identical to the probability distribution of rain rates in the Miami data. The radar reflectivity distributions were similar, whose 90% level was about 45 dBZ for the old storms and about 35 dBZ for the 2005 storms. These data clearly show the low bias of the 2005 hurricane data caused by the systematic avoidance of heavy precipitation. C1 [Black, Robert A.] NOAA, OAR, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hallett, John] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Black, RA (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM robert.a.black@noaa.gov RI Black, Robert/C-9617-2009 OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-6938-125X FU NSF [ATM0313581, ATM 0722438] FX Too many people contributed to the collection of these data to be explicitly named, including but not limited to numerous personnel of the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center and the NOAA Hurricane Research program. We especially acknowledge the help with the IDL software development provided by Dr. George Soukup of NOAA/AOML and ITTVIS, Inc. Mr. Rick Purcell was instrumental in the design of the Hotplate gauge. John Hallett was supported in part by NSF Contracts ATM0313581 and ATM 0722438. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2218 EP 2235 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0144.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 056HE UT WOS:000312478200010 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Ganson, SM Ryzhkov, AV AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Ganson, Scott M. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI Freezing of Raindrops in Deep Convective Updrafts: A Microphysical and Polarimetric Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR MEASUREMENTS; DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; FLORIDA THUNDERSTORM; HAIL GROWTH; WATER DROPS; PART I; PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; CROSS POLARIZATION; HAILSTONE EMBRYOS AB Polarimetric radar observations of convective storms routinely reveal positive differential reflectivity Z(DR) extending above the 0 degrees C level, indicative of the presence of supercooled liquid particles lofted by the storm's updraft. The summit of such "Z(DR) columns" is marked by a zone of enhanced linear depolarization ratio L-DR or decreased copolar cross-correlation coefficient p(hv) and a sharp decrease in Z(DR) that together mark a particle freezing zone. To better understand the relation between changes in the storm updraft and the observed polarimetric variables, it is necessary to first understand the physics governing this freezing process and the impact of freezing on the polarimetric variables. A simplified, one-dimensional explicit bin microphysics model of stochastic drop nucleation by an immersed foreign particle and subsequent deterministic freezing is developed and coupled with an electromagnetic scattering model to explore the impact of the freezing process on the polarimetric radar variables. As expected, the height of the Z(DR) column is closely related to the updraft strength and initial drop size distribution. Additionally, the treatment of the stochastic nucleation process can also affect the depth of the freezing zone, underscoring the need to accurately depict this process in parameterizations. Representation of stochastic nucleation and deterministic freezing for each drop size bin yields better agreement between observations and the modeled vertical profiles of the surface reflectivity factor Z(H) and Z(DR) than bulk microphysics schemes. Further improvements in the representation of the L-DR cap, the observed Z(DR) gradient in the freezing zone, and the magnitude of the p(hv) minimum may require inclusion of accretion, which was not included in this model. C1 [Kumjian, Matthew R.; Ganson, Scott M.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kumjian, Matthew R.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM kumjian@ucar.edu FU Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory; NOAA/OAR under NOAA/University of Oklahoma Agreement Cooperative, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Transregional Research Center on "Patterns in Landsurface-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions" [TR32]; [7000132024] FX This work is partially sponsored by Agreement 7000132024 with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory as well as the NOAA/OAR under NOAA/University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Data from the BOXPOL radar are courtesy of the Meteorological Institute of the University of Bonn (MIUB), where the first author held a Doctoral Fellowship funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Transregional Research Center on "Patterns in Landsurface-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions" (TR32). OU-PRIME is owned and operated by the Advanced Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma. We thank Dr. Terry Schuur (CIMMS) and Dr. Alexander Schenkman (OU) for early reviews of the manuscript. The anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments and suggestions that helped improve the clarity and focus of the manuscript, as is Dr. Bob Houze for his patience and helpfulness through the editorial process. NR 83 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 12 BP 3471 EP 3490 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-067.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055PZ UT WOS:000312430200003 ER PT J AU Shpund, J Zhang, JA Pinsky, M Khain, A AF Shpund, J. Zhang, J. A. Pinsky, M. Khain, A. TI Microphysical Structure of the Marine Boundary Layer under Strong Wind and Spray Formation as Seen from Simulations Using a 2D Explicit Microphysical Model. Part The Role of Sea Spray SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; TURBULENT FLUXES; GENERATION FUNCTION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; LARGE EDDIES; IMPACT; EVAPORATION; INTENSITY; MOMENTUM; SURFACE AB The effect of sea spray on the thermodynamics and microphysical structure of the lowest 400-m layer under strong wind speeds is investigated using a 2D hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian model with spectral bin microphysics. A large number of adjacent and interacting Lagrangian parcels move within a turbulent-like flow with the largest vortices being interpreted as large eddies (LE) with characteristic velocity of a few meters per second. It is shown that sea spray effect strongly depends on the environmental conditions, and largely on relative humidity (RH). When RH < similar to 90%, spray evaporates and contributes to moistening and cooling of the boundary layer, as well as to an increase in surface fluxes. When RH > similar to 90% the effects of spray on the EL thermodynamics substantially decrease. Spray leads to formation of drizzle by collisions with droplets formed on background aerosols. It is also shown that LE transport about 20% of large spray drops with radius exceeding 150 mu m to the upper levels of the atmospheric mixed layer. It is hypothesized that this effect is of much importance with regard to the spray effect on the microphysics and dynamics of deep convective clouds typical of a hurricane eyewall. C1 [Shpund, J.; Pinsky, M.; Khain, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. [Zhang, J. A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Zhang, J. A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Khain, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. EM khain@vms.huji.ac.il RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 FU Department of Homeland Security of the United States; Office of Science (BER) and U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006788]; Binational U.S.-Israel Science Foundation [2010446]; NOAA HFIP program FX The study was supported by the Department of Homeland Security of the United States and by the Office of Science (BER) and U.S. Department of Energy for study of convection representation in weather models (Grant DE-SC0006788) and by the Binational U.S.-Israel Science Foundation (Grant 2010446). Dr. Zhang was supported by the NOAA HFIP program. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 12 BP 3501 EP 3514 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0281.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055PZ UT WOS:000312430200005 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Feingold, G Chuang, PY AF Lee, Seoung-Soo Feingold, Graham Chuang, Patrick Y. TI Effect of Aerosol on Cloud-Environment Interactions in Trade Cumulus SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; SHALLOW CUMULUS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; INDIAN-OCEAN; WIND CUMULI; PART I; CONVECTION; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE AB This study examines the role of aerosol in mediating interactions between a warm trade cumulus cloud system and the environment that spawns it. Numerical simulations of the observed and well-studied Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field experiment are performed. The results draw on simulations of 34-h duration so as to avoid conclusions based on transients. Simulations show that, on average, aerosol-perturbed clouds are initially deeper and more vigorous but that after about 14 h there is a reversal in this trend, and unperturbed clouds deepen relative to the perturbed clouds. Differences in cloud depth are about 100 m, and differences in vertical velocity variance are about 30%. After about 20 h, most cloud fields are statistically similar with the exception of rain rate and optical depth, which are lower and higher, respectively, in the high-aerosol conditions. By sampling the model output at various points in the cloud system evolution, the mechanisms responsible for the initial differences and then convergence of most of the cloud field properties are addressed. Sensitivity tests indicate that responses are driven primarily by temperature profiles, rather than by humidity profiles, and that the general trend to homogenization of the bulk cloud field properties is robust for different forcings. Finally, the paper shows that even transient aerosol perturbations may endure beyond the duration of the perturbation itself, provided they persist long enough. Short-duration aerosol perturbations are unlikely to have much influence on the system. C1 [Lee, Seoung-Soo; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Seoung-Soo] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chuang, Patrick Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM seoung.soo.lee@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Climate Goal Program; NOAA/NSF Climate Process Team; Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0437] FX The authors thank NOAA's Climate Goal Program and the NOAA/NSF Climate Process Team for supporting this work. P. Chuang thanks the Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-08-1-0437) for its support of this work. NOAA's HPCC is acknowledged for its computing support. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 12 BP 3607 EP 3632 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-026.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055PZ UT WOS:000312430200011 ER PT J AU Ray, AJ Seaborn, G Vinatea, L Browdy, CL Leffler, JW AF Ray, Andrew J. Seaborn, Gloria Vinatea, Luis Browdy, Craig L. Leffler, John W. TI Effects of Biofloc Reduction on Microbial Dynamics in Minimal-exchange, Superintensive Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Culture Systems SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; AQUACULTURE PONDS; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOMARKERS; PARTICLES; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; ALGAE; DIETS AB The microbial community in minimal-exchange, superintensive culture systems should be managed to cycle nutrients and enhance production. This paper explores the effects of biofloc concentration reduction and a fish-free diet on several microbial community characteristics. In 16, 3.5-m diameter, 71-cm deep outdoor tanks, shrimp were stocked at 460/m3. Eight of the tanks received a fish-free, plant-based feed and eight received a conventional feed containing fishmeal and fish oil. Within each diet type, biofloc concentration was reduced in four of the tanks and was not reduced in the other four tanks. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) extinction coefficients, photosynthetic oxygen production, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations, pheophytin-a (pheo-a) concentrations, and the sum of odd and branched chain fatty acid concentrations as a bacterial abundance indicator (BAI) were measured. Biofloc reduction significantly (P= 0.003) decreased PAR extinction coefficients, chl-a concentration, pheo-a concentration, and BAI concentration, while significantly increasing photosynthetic oxygen production. Diet did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) any of these measured parameters. The observed changes in microbial community characteristics corresponded with, and may help to explain, significantly improved shrimp feed conversion ratios, growth rate, final weight, and biomass yield in the tanks with biofloc reduction. C1 [Ray, Andrew J.] Waddell Mariculture Ctr, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Bluffton, SC 29910 USA. [Seaborn, Gloria] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Vinatea, Luis] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Aquicultura, Lab Camaroes Marinhos, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Browdy, Craig L.] Novus Int, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. [Leffler, John W.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ray, AJ (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RI VINATEA, LUIS/H-3376-2015 OI VINATEA, LUIS/0000-0002-3893-4728 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Integrated Organic Program; USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) US Marine Shrimp Farming Program FX This work was supported by grants from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Integrated Organic Program and the USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) US Marine Shrimp Farming Program. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product is not an endorsement of that product or a suggestion of its superiority over other products. This is contribution number 667 from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Marine Resources Research Institute. The authors would like to thank David Kuhn, Beth Lewis, Janet Moore, Paul Pennington, Joe Wade, Emmet Wright, the staff of the Waddell Mariculture Center, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 43 IS 6 BP 790 EP 801 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2012.00607.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 053WF UT WOS:000312305300004 ER PT J AU Rice, J Moksness, E Attwood, C Brown, SK Dahle, G Gjerde, KM Grefsrud, ES Kenchington, R Kleiven, AR McConney, P Ngoile, MAK Naesje, TF Olsen, E Olsen, EM Sanders, J Sharma, C Vestergaard, O Westlund, L AF Rice, Jake Moksness, Erlend Attwood, Colin Brown, Stephen K. Dahle, Geir Gjerde, Kristina M. Grefsrud, Ellen Sofie Kenchington, Richard Kleiven, Alf Ring McConney, Patrick Ngoile, Magnus A. K. Naesje, Tor F. Olsen, Erik Olsen, Esben Moland Sanders, Jessica Sharma, Chandrika Vestergaard, Ole Westlund, Lena TI The role of MPAs in reconciling fisheries management with conservation of biological diversity SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; RESERVES; COMMUNITY; SCIENCE; GUIDELINES; FRAMEWORK; NETWORKS AB A workshop of over 100 participants, balanced between fisheries management and biodiversity conservation backgrounds, reviewed and synthesised experiences regarding policy and institutional frameworks for use of MPAs in the contexts of fisheries management and conservation of biological diversity. The workshop concluded that although fisheries managers and biodiversity conservation agencies may give differing and sometimes opposing weights to the many objectives that could be set for MPAs, only 25% of fisheries objectives and 30% of biodiversity objectives were considered to be potential sources of conflict. MPAs that segregate activities in space could contribute to resolving all but one of the potential conflicts over objectives associated with desired ecological outcomes. Conflicts over social or economic objectives could be improved, made worse, or not be affected by MPAs, depending on how the MPAs were developed and managed. Seven features of planning processes and six features of the governance processes for MPAs were identified that could help find broadly supported solutions to the conflicts that did occur. Once established, the management of the MPA should be inclusive and participatory, as well as continuously learning and adaptive. Approaches to ensure management had those properties were identified, including twelve specific mechanisms that should be available to the MPA managers. On the basis of these conclusions about objectives, planning, and management, a general framework for the governance of MPAs for both fisheries and biodiversity conservation was developed. Its ten general characteristics and twelve steps necessary for progress were identified. We discuss the special challenges of establishing and managing MPAs for fisheries and biodiversity conservation on the high seas that deserve further attention include information-sharing, coordination and defining jurisdictions and stake-holding. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rice, Jake] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Moksness, Erlend; Kleiven, Alf Ring; Olsen, Esben Moland] Inst Marine Res, Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, NO-4817 His, Norway. [Attwood, Colin] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Brown, Stephen K.] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dahle, Geir; Grefsrud, Ellen Sofie; Olsen, Erik] Inst Marine Res, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Gjerde, Kristina M.] IUCN Global Marine & Polar Program, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Kenchington, Richard] Univ Wollongong, Australian Natl Ctr Ocean Resources & Secur, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [McConney, Patrick] Univ W Indies, Ctr Resource Management & Environm Studies, Cave Hill, Barbados. [Ngoile, Magnus A. K.] ASCLME, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Naesje, Tor F.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Sanders, Jessica] UN Food & Agr Org, Fishery & Aquaculture Econ & Policy Div FIP, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Sharma, Chandrika] ICSF, Madras 600006, Tamil Nadu, India. [Vestergaard, Ole] United Nations Environm Programme, Div Environm Policy Implementat, Freshwater & Marine Ecosyst Branch, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Rice, J (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM jake.rice@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Olsen, Esben/B-1894-2012 OI Olsen, Esben/0000-0003-3807-7524 FU Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, Norway; Nordic Council of Ministers; Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation; Institute of Marine Research FX We would like to thank the Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, Norway, the Nordic Council of Ministers, the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation and the Institute of Marine Research for funding the workshop on which this manuscript was based, and all participants for their contributions. We would also like to thank two reviewers and the Editor for suggestions which improved the manuscript. NR 94 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 102 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.08.001 PG 14 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 042JM UT WOS:000311467500022 ER PT J AU Li, Y Wang, N Morrill, C Anderson, DM Li, ZL Zhang, CQ Zhou, XH AF Li, Yu Wang, Nai'ang Morrill, Carrie Anderson, David M. Li, Zhuolun Zhang, Chengqi Zhou, Xuehua TI Millennial-scale erosion rates in three inland drainage basins and their controlling factors since the Last Deglaciation, arid China SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE The Last Deglaciation; Holocene; Lake sediments; Arid China; Deposition rates; Erosion rates; Climate; Glaciers ID EAST-ASIAN MONSOON; STRATH-TERRACE FORMATION; NW CHINA; GLACIAL TERMINATION; LATE QUATERNARY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOISTURE EVOLUTION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TENGGER DESERT AB In the regions surrounding the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, changes in erosion rates have been linked to the tectonics, climate and topography over different time scales. To understand the mechanisms governing the changes of erosion rates, it is important to study erosion rates by different methods and for different time scales. In inland drainage basins, deposition rates of terminal lake sediments can indicate basin-wide erosion rates at the millennial-scale. This paper presents three lake records of the Last Deglaciation and Holocene (Huahai Lake, Zhuye Lake and Yanchi Lake) from the Hexi Corridor, north of the Qilian Mountains, in arid China. Organic matter, terrestrial pollen concentrates, seeds, grasses and plant debris are used for conventional and AMS C-14 dating. On the basis of 66 radiocarbon dates, lithology and grain-size, we infer relatively high basin-wide erosion rates during the Last Deglaciation and early Holocene in the three drainage basins, when the three lake sediments were seriously affected by reworking. The deposition rates were an order of magnitude or greater in these lakes during the Last Deglaciation and early Holocene than during the mid-to-late Holocene. During the transition period of the last glacial-interglacial cycle, significant climatic changes occurred in East and Central Asia, corresponding to the strengthening of the Asian summer monsoon and to increasing effective moisture in arid Central Asia, which can have strong impacts on basin-wide erosion rates north of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Moreover, melting glaciers in the Qilian Mountains probably also contributed to the high basin-wide erosion rates. At the same time, tectonic activity was not recognizable in the study area during that period. In the arid and semiarid regions surrounding the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, dramatic changes in erosion rates appear during the transition periods of the glacial-interglacial cycles, which illustrate the climatic controls on erosion rates at this time scale. (C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Yu; Wang, Nai'ang; Li, Zhuolun; Zhang, Chengqi; Zhou, Xuehua] Lanzhou Univ, Ctr Hydrol Cycle & Water Resources Arid Reg, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Li, Yu; Morrill, Carrie; Anderson, David M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Li, Yu; Morrill, Carrie; Anderson, David M.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Ctr Hydrol Cycle & Water Resources Arid Reg, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM liyu@lzu.edu.cn OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41001116] FX We thank Mrs. Zhou Ting, Mr. Li Kun, Mr. Zhao Chen, and Mrs. Wang Wendie of Lanzhou University for assistance in the pollen concentrates extraction, and also thank the members of NOAA's Paleoclimatology Branch for accepting Dr. Yu Li as a joint training PhD student during 2008-2009 and as a visiting scientist in 2012 for this research. Special thanks are also given to the editor and reviewers for their suggestions for improving our paper. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41001116). NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 365 BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.032 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 052FQ UT WOS:000312183500018 ER PT J AU Green, J Kongoli, C Prakash, A Sturm, M Duguay, C Li, SS AF Green, Jeff Kongoli, Cezar Prakash, Anupma Sturm, Mathew Duguay, Claude Li, Shusun TI Quantifying the relationships between lake fraction, snow water equivalent and snow depth, and microwave brightness temperatures in an arctic tundra landscape SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Snow water equivalent; Snow depth; Passive microwave; AMSR-E; SSM/I; Arctic tundra; Lake fraction ID WESTERN CANADA; ICE THICKNESS; ALASKA; WINTER; COVER; RETRIEVALS; MODEL; REMOTE; USA AB This study investigates the effects of sub-grid lake variability on brightness temperature measurements and snow mass retrieval from passive microwave satellite data in the North Slope of Alaska. In situ snow measurements of water equivalent, depth and density collected from field surveys during 1996-2004 snow seasons were collocated with gridded SSM/I brightness temperatures. Sub-grid lake fraction was computed from a high-resolution land cover map derived from LANDSAT imagery. Another dataset was created consisting of multi-year time series of SSM/I and AMSR-E brightness temperatures and computed lake fraction. Consistent with other studies, it was found that lake fraction was negatively correlated with in situ snow depth and snow water equivalent and positively correlated with snow density, which indicates that lakes have a direct effect on snow cover distribution: They accumulate less but denser snow than surrounding land areas. Additionally, lake fraction was positively correlated with the brightness temperature measurements at 18 GHz and above, but negatively correlated with the AMSR-E brightness temperatures at low frequency channels (6 and 10 GHz), with the highest correlation values for the SSM/I (r = 0.57) and AMSR-E (r = 0.65) at 37 GHz dominating the response. Brightness temperature-based lake fraction algorithms were derived using stepwise regression. Performance assessment showed that the AMSR-E algorithm was superior to the SSM/I algorithm due to the use of the low frequency measurements not available from the SSM/I instrument. Combined lake fraction- and SSM/I brightness temperature-based snow depth and snow water equivalent algorithms were also derived using stepwise regression, with improved performance compared to conventional brightness temperature-based algorithms. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kongoli, Cezar] NESDIS, NOAA, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Green, Jeff; Prakash, Anupma; Li, Shusun] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Kongoli, Cezar] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sturm, Mathew] USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Duguay, Claude] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Kongoli, C (reprint author), NESDIS, NOAA, STAR, 5200 Auth Rd,711 WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Cezar.Kongoli@noaa.gov FU Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This research was supported by a grant from the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, to C. Duguay and J. Green. The SSM/I and AMSR-E brightness temperature data were obtained from the EOSDIS National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DACC), University of Colorado at Boulder. The snow and SWE data were provided by the University of Alaska Fairbanks Water and Environmental Research Center and the US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Land cover data was provided by the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geobotany Center. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 127 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.09.008 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 047TY UT WOS:000311865600026 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, AI Wang, YJ Laszlo, I Hilker, T Hall, FG Sellers, PJ Tucker, CJ Korkin, SV AF Lyapustin, Alexei I. Wang, Yujie Laszlo, Istvan Hilker, Thomas Hall, Forrest G. Sellers, Piers J. Tucker, Compton J. Korkin, Sergey V. TI Multi-angle implementation of atmospheric correction for MODIS (MAIAC): 3. Atmospheric correction SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric correction; MODIS; MAIAC; Multi-angle implementation of atmospheric correction; Time series; Surface reflectance; Aerosols ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE MODEL; SURFACE; ALBEDO; PRODUCTS; AEROSOL; BRDF; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; LAND AB This paper describes the atmospheric correction (AC) component of the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction algorithm (MAIAC) which introduces a new way to compute parameters of the Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS) Bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), spectral surface albedo and bidirectional reflectance factors (BRF) from satellite measurements obtained by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). MAIAC uses a time series and spatial analysis for cloud detection, aerosol retrievals and atmospheric correction. It implements a moving window of up to 16 days of MODIS data gridded to 1 km resolution in a selected projection. The RTLS parameters are computed directly by fitting the cloud-free MODIS top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance data stored in the processing queue. The RTLS retrieval is applied when the land surface is stable or changes slowly. In case of rapid or large magnitude change (as for instance caused by disturbance), MAIAC follows the MODIS operational BRDF/albedo algorithm and uses a scaling approach where the BRDF shape is assumed stable but its magnitude is adjusted based on the latest single measurement. To assess the stability of the surface, MAIAC features a change detection algorithm which analyzes relative change of reflectance in the Red and NIR bands during the accumulation period. To adjust for the reflectance variability with the sun-observer geometry and allow comparison among different days (view geometries), the BRFs are normalized to the fixed view geometry using the RTLS model. An empirical analysis of MODIS data suggests that the RTLS inversion remains robust when the relative change of geometry-normalized reflectance stays below 15%. This first of two papers introduces the algorithm, a second, companion paper illustrates its potential by analyzing MODIS data over a tropical rainforest and assessing errors and uncertainties of MAIAC compared to conventional MODIS products. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hilker, Thomas] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lyapustin, Alexei I.; Wang, Yujie; Hall, Forrest G.; Sellers, Piers J.; Tucker, Compton J.; Korkin, Sergey V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Yujie; Hall, Forrest G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Korkin, Sergey V.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Hilker, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, 231 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM thomas.hilker@oregonstate.edu RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 NR 26 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 127 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.09.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 047TY UT WOS:000311865600030 ER PT J AU Hannesson, R Herrick, SF AF Hannesson, Rognvaldur Herrick, Samuel F., Jr. TI Local feed fish supplies and possible offshore aquaculture in California SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; feed fish; break-even price; conversion factor; tuna fattening ID MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES AB Key to the economic viability of offshore aquaculture in California is whether or not the revenues available after the costs of all other inputs have been covered are sufficient to cover the costs of the feed fish required. To investigate this, we calculated the break-even price of feed fish by: fixing the share of the farmed fish price representing the unit costs of the non-feed inputs; fixing the amount of feed fish needed per unit of farmed fish production; and varying the price of the farmed species. We found that the recent ex-vessel prices of five potential feed fish caught off California were below the calculated break-even price corresponding to the expected market price for candidate aquaculture species. While the California landings of these five species individually can be quite volatile, there would seem to be sufficient supplies in total to make offshore aquaculture in California economically viable. C1 [Herrick, Samuel F., Jr.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hannesson, Rognvaldur] NHH, Norwegian Sch Econ & Business Adm, Bergen, Norway. RP Herrick, SF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM sam.herrick@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02998.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 051SM UT WOS:000312147700001 ER PT J AU Ashford, J Dinniman, M Brooks, C Andrews, AH Hofmann, E Cailliet, G Jones, C Ramanna, N AF Ashford, Julian Dinniman, Michael Brooks, Cassandra Andrews, Allen H. Hofmann, Eileen Cailliet, Gregor Jones, Christopher Ramanna, Nakul TI Does large-scale ocean circulation structure life history connectivity in Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni)? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-TRACKING SIMULATIONS; MESOSCALE-PREDICTION-SYSTEM; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; RANDOM-WALK MODELS; ROSS SEA; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; OTOLITH CHEMISTRY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; BOTTOM WATER; ELEGINOIDES AB A multidisciplinary approach incorporating otolith chemistry, age data, and numerical Lagrangian particle simulations indicated a single, self-recruiting population of Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the Southeast Pacific Basin (SPB) and Ross Sea, with a life history structured by the large-scale circulation. Chemistry deposited prior to capture along otolith edges demonstrated strong environmental heterogeneity, yet the chemistry in otolith nuclei, deposited during early life, showed no differences. Age data showed only adult fish in catches on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge in the SPB and structuring of life stages consistent with transport pathways from the northern Ross Sea. Lagrangian particle simulations predicted that early life stages following the flow in the SPB would be transported to areas in the Ross Sea where juveniles are caught, whereas the circulation would facilitate adult movement along the shelf slope and back into the SPB where spawning adults are caught. These results suggest that successfully spawning fish spend only a part of their adult life history in the Ross Sea, areas in the eastern Ross Sea contribute disproportionately to the spawning population, and areas in the southwestern Ross Sea may supply fisheries in the southern Indian Ocean. C1 [Ashford, Julian; Ramanna, Nakul] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Dinniman, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Brooks, Cassandra; Andrews, Allen H.; Cailliet, Gregor] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aeia, HI 96701 USA. [Jones, Christopher] NOAA SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ashford, J (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, 800 W 46th St, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM jashford@odu.edu RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016; OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305; Dinniman, Michael/0000-0001-7519-9278 FU United States National Science Foundation [NSF-OPP-0338294]; NOAA AMLR; [ANT-0944174] FX We thank personnel from the NOAA Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program (AMLR) and CCAMLR who organized and sampled the otoliths. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution kindly made available their Plasma Mass Spectrometry Facility, and Scot Birdwhistell provided technical support. Cynthia Jones, Director of CQFE at Old Dominion University, was instrumental in her advice and encouragement. John Klinck, Director of CCPO at Old Dominion University, Christian Reiss, currently at NOAA AMLR, and Patrick Gaffney and Kristen Kuhn at the University of Delaware also gave valuable insights and advice. Stuart Hanchet gave permission for use of the map and schematic in Fig. 1, and Christina Stover-Wiederwohl provided the bathymetry shown in Fig. 2a. Funding was through the United States National Science Foundation (NSF-OPP-0338294) and NOAA AMLR; support for M. Dinniman and E. Hofmann was provided by ANT-0944174. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1903 EP 1919 DI 10.1139/f2012-111 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054WR UT WOS:000312376600001 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Vanderploeg, HA Hook, TO Ludsin, SA AF Pothoven, Steven A. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. Ludsin, Stuart A. TI Hypoxia modifies planktivore-zooplankton interactions in Lake Erie SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; HYPOLIMNETIC OXYGENATION; LEPTODORA-KINDTI; FEEDING ECOLOGY; NEUSIEDLER-SEE; RAINBOW SMELT; CENTRAL BASIN; AMISK LAKE; COMMUNITY AB We evaluated vertical distributions of fish and zooplankton, planktivore consumption, and prey production in Lake Erie during 2005 to determine how hypolimnetic hypoxia alters fish (i.e., rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and emerald shiners (Notropis atherinoides)) and invertebrate planktivore (i.e., Bythotrephes longimanus and Leptodora kindtii) relationships with their mesozooplankton prey. Hypoxia concentrated 45%-76% of fish into a narrow (<2 m) metalimnetic layer, but only 3%-13% of zooplankton production was in this layer. The epilimnion may have served to some degree as a refuge for mesozooplankton because high temperatures may have excluded rainbow smelt. High concentrations of fish above the hypolimnion likely resulted in increased competition for large prey (i.e., predatory claodcerans). Although hypoxia did not result in overall high predation demands by planktivores relative to total zooplankton production, planktivore consumption rates within the metalimnion exceeded zooplankton production in that layer. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 58 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2018 EP 2028 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0144 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054WR UT WOS:000312376600010 ER PT J AU Gaichas, SK Odell, G Aydin, KY Francis, RC AF Gaichas, Sarah K. Odell, Garrett Aydin, Kerim Y. Francis, Robert C. TI Beyond the defaults: functional response parameter space and ecosystem-level fishing thresholds in dynamic food web model simulations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; REGIME SHIFTS; GEORGES BANK; PACIFIC; GULF; ALASKA; ECOSIM; ECOPATH; IMPACTS AB Dynamic food web models are increasingly used to investigate the ecosystem effects of fishing; however, key unknown functional response parameters describing predator-prey interactions strongly influence model behavior. We explored functional response parameter uncertainty and its effect on fishing simulation results using a dynamic food web model of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) with14 fishing fleets, 104 consumer groups, four primary producer groups, and five detritus pools. After generating millions of potential ecosystems with randomly selected functional response parameters, we assigned groups of these randomly parameterized systems to one of five increasingly intense ecosystem-wide fishing treatments. For each fishing treatment, we counted and compared resulting ecosystems with no extinctions. Surprisingly, the model GOA ecosystems were robust to a wide range of functional response parameters. However, we found an abrupt threshold effect between moderate and heavy exploitation rates, beyond which a much lower proportion of model ecosystems persisted. Beyond this fishing threshold, extinction was more likely, and system attributes differed greatly from moderately fished model ecosystems. Fishing thresholds were not found with default functional response parameters, implying that model simulations should include a wide range of parameterizations to reflect ecological uncertainty and to support sustainable ecosystem-based fishery management. C1 [Gaichas, Sarah K.; Aydin, Kerim Y.] NOAA NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Odell, Garrett] Univ Washington, Ctr Cell Dynam, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Francis, Robert C.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gaichas, SK (reprint author), NOAA NMFS NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst Assessment Program, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Sarah.Gaichas@noaa.gov NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 45 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2077 EP 2094 DI 10.1139/F2012-099 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054WR UT WOS:000312376600014 ER PT J AU Doyle, MJ Mier, KL AF Doyle, Miriam J. Mier, Kathryn L. TI A new conceptual framework for evaluating the early ontogeny phase of recruitment processes among marine fish species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; CLIMATE REGIME SHIFTS; NEUSTONIC ICHTHYOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; POPULATION REGULATION; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ALASKA; GULF; VARIABILITY AB For Gulf of Alaska (GOA) fish populations, ordination by principal component analysis of a matrix of species by early life history and ecological traits resulted in distribution of species along three primary gradients. These are synonymous with phenology of egg and larval production, quantity of production, and ubiquity of larvae, the latter representing temporal and spatial extent of distribution in the pelagic environment. GOA species were assigned to categories that shared similar positions in ordination space relative to the three primary gradients. From this comparative analysis, a conceptual framework is proposed for species' early life histories representing trade-offs in adaptation to prevailing environmental conditions and associated vulnerability and resilience factors that may modulate species' recruitment responses to environmental variability. The utility of this framework for evaluating response to environmental forcing was supported by the analysis of a 27-year time series of GOA late spring larval fish abundance. The hypothesis for this ongoing research is that we can utilize similarities in reproductive and early life history characteristics among species to identify (i) ecologically determined species groups that are predisposed to respond to environmental forcing in similar ways and (ii) plausible environmental predictors of recruitment variation attributable to aspects of early life history. C1 [Doyle, Miriam J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mier, Kathryn L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Doyle, MJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, POB 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM miriam.doyle@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, NA10OAR4320148, 1894]; NOAA FX We appreciate the crews and scientists aboard the various research vessels that collected ichthyoplankton samples during NOAA surveys in the Gulf of Alaska from the 1970s to the present. In addition, we thank the many scientists at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Recruitment Processes Program, and the Plankton Sorting and Identification Center in Sczcecin, Poland, who participated over the years in processing and analysis of the samples, as well as compilation of the ichthyoplankton data. We thank Jeff Napp, Ann Matarese, Janet Duffy-Anderson, Kevin Bailey, and Morgan Busby at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript and providing many useful suggestions, and we value the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers that helped strengthen the manuscript. This research was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, under NOAA Cooperative Agreement Nos. NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 1894, and by NOAA's Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity program. This research is contribution FOCI-0779 to NOAA's Ecosystem and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations program. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2112 EP 2129 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0171 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054WR UT WOS:000312376600016 ER PT J AU Fuquay, JM Muha, N Wang, ZH Ramsdell, JS AF Fuquay, Jennifer Maucher Muha, Noah Wang, Zhihong Ramsdell, John S. TI Elimination Kinetics of Domoic Acid from the Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid of the Pregnant Rat SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; STEADY-STATE; EXPOSURE; NEUROTOXICITY; SURROGATE; CSF; RECEPTORS; PLASMA; MEMORY AB Domoic acid (DA) causes neurological effects in multiple species upon exposure, including status epilepticus in pregnant sea lions and an epileptic disease state that commonly develops in juveniles. This study aims to define brain toxicokinetic parameters in the pregnant rat in the larger context of maternal-fetal toxin transfer. Specifically, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a low observable effect level of 1.0 mg DA/kg intravenously at gestational day 20, and plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken at discrete time points over 24 h. Domoic acid concentrations were determined by a tandem LC/MS method recently optimized for brain tissue and CSF. Data showed that 6.6% of plasma DA reached the brain, 5.3% reached the CSF, and DA levels were nearly identical in both brain and CSF for 12 h, remaining above the threshold to activate isolated hippocampal neurons for 2 h. The calculated terminal half-life of CSF was 4 h, consistent with the time for complete CSF regeneration, suggesting that CSF acts as a mechanism to clear DA from the brain. C1 [Fuquay, Jennifer Maucher; Muha, Noah; Wang, Zhihong; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2805 EP 2809 DI 10.1021/tx300434s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 054RI UT WOS:000312360500022 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ AF Kasianowicz, John J. TI Introduction to Ion Channels and Disease SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID AQUAPORINS; MEMBRANES; CELL; EXCITABILITY; SELECTIVITY; SIMULATION; PROTEINS C1 NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, CMOS Reliabil & Adv Devices Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, CMOS Reliabil & Adv Devices Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 112 IS 12 BP 6215 EP 6217 DI 10.1021/cr300444k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 051JG UT WOS:000312121900001 PM 24490587 ER PT J AU Robertson, JWF Kasianowicz, JJ Banerjee, S AF Robertson, Joseph W. F. Kasianowicz, John J. Banerjee, Soojay TI Analytical Approaches for Studying Transporters, Channels and Porins SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SOLID-STATE NMR; BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANTHRAX PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PROTEINS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; DEPENDENT K+ CHANNEL C1 [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Banerjee, Soojay] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Robertson, JWF (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.robertson@nist.gov NR 412 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 112 IS 12 BP 6227 EP 6249 DI 10.1021/cr300317z PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 051JG UT WOS:000312121900003 PM 23153067 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Balijepalli, A Robertson, JWF Campbell, J Suehle, J Kasianowicz, JJ AF Reiner, Joseph E. Balijepalli, Arvind Robertson, Joseph W. F. Campbell, Jason Suehle, John Kasianowicz, John J. TI Disease Detection and Management via Single Nanopore-Based Sensors SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; MOLECULE FORCE-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-ROTATORY DISPERSION; AUREUS ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; ANTHRACIS LETHAL TOXIN; DNA HAIRPIN MOLECULES; NANOMETER-SCALE PORE; ION CHANNELS; POLYMER TRANSLOCATION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Campbell, Jason; Suehle, John; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind] NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Reiner, JE (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, 701 W Grace St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM jereiner@vcu.edu RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 NR 274 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 12 U2 154 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 112 IS 12 BP 6431 EP 6451 DI 10.1021/cr300381m PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 051JG UT WOS:000312121900011 PM 23157510 ER PT J AU Embley, RW de Ronde, CEJ Merle, SG Davy, B Tontini, FC AF Embley, R. W. de Ronde, C. E. J. Merle, S. G. Davy, B. Tontini, F. Caratobi TI Detailed Morphology and Structure of an Active Submarine Arc Caldera: Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; COLLAPSE CALDERAS; ANALOG MODELS; SW PACIFIC; MINERALIZATION; ERUPTION AB A survey of the Brothers caldera volcano (Kermadec arc) with the autonomous underwater vehicle ABE has revealed new details of the morphology and structure of this submarine frontal arc caldera and the geologic setting of its hydrothermal activity. Brothers volcano has formed between major SW-NE-trending faults within the extensional field of the Havre Trough. Brothers may be unique among known submarine calderas in that it has four active hydrothermal systems, two high-temperature sulfide-depositing sites associated with faulting on the northwestern and western walls (i.e., the NW caldera and W caldera hydrothermal sites, respectively), and gas-rich sites on the summits of the constructional cones that fill most of the southern part of the caldera (i.e., the Upper and Lower cone sites). The 3.0- x 3.4-km caldera is well defined by a topographic rim encompassing similar to 320 degrees of its circumference and which lies between the bounds of two outer half-graben-shaped faults in the northwest and southeast sectors. There is not a morphologically well defined continuous ring fault (at the map resolution), although near-vertical scarps are present discontinuously at the base of sections of the wall. The width of the wall varies from <200 m at its southwest portion to similar to 750 m on its northern section. The widest part of the wall is its northwest sector, which also has the largest documented area of hydrothermal alteration and where sea-floor magnetization is lowest. In addition to primary northwest-southeast elongation and southwest-northeast structures caused by faulting within the regional back-arc strain field, there are also less well developed west-southwest-north-northeast regional structures intersecting the volcano that is apparent on the ABE bathymetry and at outcrop scale from submersible observations. Asymmetrical trap-door-style caldera collapse is considered a possible mechanism for the formation of the Brothers caldera. C1 [Embley, R. W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [de Ronde, C. E. J.; Davy, B.; Tontini, F. Caratobi] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Merle, S. G.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Embley, RW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.w.embley@noaa.gov RI Davy, Bryan/I-6769-2013; OI Davy, Bryan/0000-0003-1926-1393; Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X FU NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration; NOAA Vents program; GNS Science, New Zealand; PMEL [3849] FX First and foremost we are grateful to the ABE group for their skill and dedication in obtaining the high-quality data set during the expedition. We also thank Colin Devey and Geomar for their collaboration on board the RN Sonne, the shipboard complement, and the science team for excellent support at sea. I.C. Wright, D.J. Fornari, and M.I. Leybourne provided helpful reviews of the paper and W.W. Chadwick provided valuable advice on the references. Funding was generously provided by the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration, the NOAA Vents program and GNS Science, New Zealand. PMEL contribution no. 3849. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 25 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 107 IS 8 SI SI BP 1557 EP 1570 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 052XC UT WOS:000312232700004 ER PT J AU Tontini, FC Davy, B de Ronde, CEJ Embley, RW Leybourne, M Tivey, MA AF Tontini, F. Caratori Davy, B. de Ronde, C. E. J. Embley, R. W. Leybourne, M. Tivey, M. A. TI Crustal Magnetization of Brothers Volcano, New Zealand, Measured by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: Geophysical Expression of a Submarine Hydrothermal System SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SOUTHERN KERMADEC ARC; TYRRHENIAN SEA; INVERSION; ANOMALIES; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS; BASALTS; CYPRUS; FIELDS AB Near-bottom magnetic anomaly data have been acquired using autonomous underwater vehicles at Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Crustal magnetization for the study area was obtained by inverting the magnetic data and shows a strong correlation between areas of low magnetization and four hydrothermal fields, one of which was unknown prior to our surveys. The magnetization pattern is consistent with a model of discrete, individual zones of fluid upflow focused along caldera ring faults that provide preferred pathways for the ascent of the hydrothermal fluids. Differences in the amplitude of the magnetization over the vent fields appear to correlate with age and temperature variations of the hydrothermal fields. C1 [Tontini, F. Caratori; Davy, B.; de Ronde, C. E. J.; Leybourne, M.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Embley, R. W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Tivey, M. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Tontini, FC (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM f.caratori.tontini@gns.cri.nz RI Tivey, Maurice/E-9247-2015; Davy, Bryan/I-6769-2013; OI Tivey, Maurice/0000-0003-0821-1155; Davy, Bryan/0000-0003-1926-1393; Leybourne, Matthew/0000-0002-2361-6014; Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X FU New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) [C05X0406]; Royal Society of New Zealand by the Marsden Fund [GNS1003] FX The manuscript has been significantly improved by the comments of Dave Buttefield, Dan Scheirer, Robert Sohn, and an anonymous reviewer. We thank Christian Ohneiser and Gary Wilson for the susceptibility measurements done at the University of Otago Paleomagnetic Research Facility. The ABE data was collected during the 2007 ROVARK cruise and Sentry during the 2011 NZASMS cruise, and we acknowledge the crews of both the R/V Sonne and R/V Tangaroa for safe deployment and recovery of the vehicles. We also acknowledge Dana Yoerger, Andy Billings, Alan Duester, Carl Kaiser, and James Kinsey from WHOI who successfully operated ABE and Sentry. This contribution was made possible through funding by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST contract C05X0406) and by the Royal Society of New Zealand by the Marsden Fund (grant GNS1003). NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 107 IS 8 SI SI BP 1571 EP 1581 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 052XC UT WOS:000312232700005 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Walker, SL Embley, RW de Ronde, CEJ AF Baker, Edward T. Walker, Sharon L. Embley, Robert W. de Ronde, Cornel E. J. TI High-Resolution Hydrothermal Mapping of Brothers Caldera, Kermadec Arc SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION-KINETICS; NEW-ZEALAND; PLUMES; VOLCANO; RIDGE; PACIFIC; OCEAN; IRON AB Submarine edifices with caldera summits are common along volcanic arcs and much more likely than simple cones to host hydrothermal venting. Compared with cones, however, locating all vent field locations on a caldera's complex bathymetry is a daunting logistical challenge. Here we describe the first use of an autonomous underwater vehicle, ABE, to fully map the distribution of near-bottom hydrothermal tracers over the caldera walls and cone complex of Brothers Volcano, the most active hydrothermal source on the southern Kermadec arc. Sensors on ABE simultaneously measured hydrothermal plume anomalies in temperature, light backscattering (particle concentration), and oxidation-reduction potential (dissolved reduced species) every 2 to 3 m along track. Local maxima in these tracers confirmed known sites on the northwestern wall and the cone summits, and more precisely mapped their extents. We discovered evidence for new sites throughout the entire northwestern half of the caldera wall, at the base of the southeastern wall, and on the flanks of both cones. Systematic variations in the backscattering/temperature ratio identified different types of fluid discharge. Plumes from high-temperature, metal-rich sources dominated the caldera wall, while on top of the caldera wall and on the cones we found only plumes from low-temperature diffuse flow, including occasional S-rich plumes. Source distribution on the walls appears fault controlled, but we detected no sources along the deepest fault defining the rim of the downdropped caldera floor. Advanced deep-sea survey techniques using autonomous vehicles is an indispensible and cost-effective tool for acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between hydrothermal discharge and geology on individual volcanoes. C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [de Ronde, Cornel E. J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Edward.baker@noaa.gov FU NOAA VENTS; Ocean Exploration Programs (United States); GNS Science (New Zealand) (FRST) [C05X0406]; IFM-GE-OMAR (Germany); PMEL [3640] FX This research was sponsored by the NOAA VENTS and Ocean Exploration Programs (United States), GNS Science (New Zealand) (FRST contract #C05X0406), and IFM-GE-OMAR (Germany). Dana Yoerger, Andrew Billings, and Al Duester (WHOI) worked tirelessly to keep ABE operating smoothly and successfully. This paper is PMEL contribution 3640. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 107 IS 8 SI SI BP 1583 EP 1593 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 052XC UT WOS:000312232700006 ER PT J AU Leybourne, MI de Ronde, CEJ Wysoczanski, RJ Walker, SL Timm, C Gibson, HL Layton-Matthews, D Baker, ET Clark, MR Tontini, FC Faure, K Lupton, JE Fornari, DJ Soule, SA Massoth, GJ AF Leybourne, Matthew I. de Ronde, Cornel E. J. Wysoczanski, Richard J. Walker, Sharon L. Timm, Christian Gibson, Harold L. Layton-Matthews, Daniel Baker, Edward T. Clark, Malcolm R. Tontini, Fabio Caratori Faure, Kevin Lupton, John E. Fornari, Daniel J. Soule, S. Adam Massoth, Gary J. TI Geology, Hydrothermal Activity, and Sea-Floor Massive Sulfide Mineralization at the Rumble II West Mafic Caldera SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN KERMADEC ARC; VOLCANOS SW PACIFIC; NEW-ZEALAND; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; INJECTION-ANALYSIS; ORE-DEPOSITS; LAU BASIN; EVOLUTION; ERUPTION; FLUIDS AB Sea-floor imagery, volcanic rock, massive sulfide, and hydrothermal plume samples (delta He-3, pH, dissolved Fe and Mn, and particulate chemistry) have been collected from the Rumble 11 West volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Rumble II West is a caldera volcano with an similar to 3-km-diameter summit depression bounded by ring faults with a resurgent central cone. Rocks recovered to date are predominantly mafic in composition (i.e., basalt to basaltic andesite) with volumetrically lesser intermediate rocks (i.e., andesite). On the basis of its size, geometry, volcanic products, and composition, Rumble II West can be classified as a mafic caldera volcano. Rumble 11 West has a weak hydrothermal plume signature characterized by a small but detectable delta He-3 anomaly (25%). Time-series light scattering data though, obtained from vertical casts and tow-yos, do show that hydrothermal activity has increased in intensity between 1999 and 2011. Massive sulfides recovered from the eastern caldera wall and eastern flank of the central cone are primarily comprised of barite and chalcopyrite, with lesser sphalerite, pyrite, and traces of galena. The weak hydrothermal plume signal indicates that the volcano is in a volcanic-hydrothermal quiescent stage compared to other volcanoes along the southern Kermadec arc, although the preponderance of barite with massive sulfide mineralization indicates higher temperature venting in the past. Of the volcanoes along the Kermadec-Tonga arc known to host massive sulfides (i.e., Clark, Rumble II West, Brothers, Monowai, Volcano 19, and Volcano I.), the majority (five out of six) are dominantly mafic in composition and all but one of these mafic volcanoes form moderate-size to large calderas. To date, mafic calderas have been largely ignored as hosts to sea-floor massive sulfide deposits. That 75% of the presently known massive sulfide-bearing calderas along the arc are mafic in composition (the dacitic Brothers volcano is the exception) has important implications for sea-floor massive sulfide mineral exploration in the modern oceans and ancient rock record on land. C1 [Leybourne, Matthew I.; de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Timm, Christian; Tontini, Fabio Caratori; Faure, Kevin; Massoth, Gary J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Wysoczanski, Richard J.; Clark, Malcolm R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6241, New Zealand. [Walker, Sharon L.; Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gibson, Harold L.] Laurentian Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Layton-Matthews, Daniel] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Lupton, John E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fornari, Daniel J.; Soule, S. Adam] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Massoth, Gary J.] Mass Ex3 Consulting LLC, Renton, WA 98056 USA. RP Leybourne, MI (reprint author), ALS Geochem, 2103 Dollarton Highway, Vancouver, BC V7H 0A7, Canada. EM matthew.leybourne@alsglobal.com RI Wysoczanski, Richard/I-7730-2012; OI Leybourne, Matthew/0000-0002-2361-6014; Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X; Soule, Adam/0000-0002-4691-6300 FU New Zealand Government grants (Foundation for Research Science and Technology); NOAA/PMEL Vents Program; Mineral Wealth Core Science Area funding at GNS Science via the New Zealand Ministry for Science and Innovation (MSI); Deep Ocean Exploration Institute funding at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and GNS Science travel grants FX The NZAPLUME I cruise on the R/V Tangaroa was jointly funded by New Zealand Government grants (Foundation for Research Science and Technology) to GNS Science. The NOAA/PMEL Vents Program partially funded the NZA PLUME I cruise. The captain and crew of the RN Tangaroa during various cruises and the R/V Thomas. G. Thompson in 2009 are thanked for their assistance, professionalism, and expertise. This research is supported by the Mineral Wealth Core Science Area funding at GNS Science via the New Zealand Ministry for Science and Innovation (MSI). DJF and SAS and TowCam operations were supported by Deep Ocean Exploration Institute funding at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and GNS Science travel grants. Jan Peter provided an excellent review of an earlier version of the manuscript, and guest editor Dave Butterfield and three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their reviews, which helped to greatly improve the manuscript. PMEL contribution no. 3729. NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 107 IS 8 SI SI BP 1649 EP 1668 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 052XC UT WOS:000312232700010 ER PT J AU Leybourne, MI Schwarz-Schampera, U de Ronde, CEJ Baker, ET Faure, K Walker, SL Butterfield, DA Resing, JA Lupton, JE Hannington, MD Gibson, HL Massoth, GJ Embley, RW Chadwick, WW Clark, MR Timm, C Graham, IJ Wright, IC AF Leybourne, Matthew I. Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich de Ronde, Cornel E. J. Baker, Edward T. Faure, Kevin Walker, Sharon L. Butterfield, David A. Resing, Joseph A. Lupton, John E. Hannington, Mark D. Gibson, Harold L. Massoth, Gary J. Embley, Robert W. Chadwick, William W., Jr. Clark, Malcolm R. Timm, Christian Graham, Ian J. Wright, Ian C. TI Submarine Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems at the Monowai Volcanic Center, Kermadec Arc SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SEA-FLOOR; MANUS BASIN; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; QUARTZ SOLUBILITY; AXIAL VOLCANO; NEW-ZEALAND; RIDGE; PLUMES AB The Monowai volcanic center is located at the midpoint along the similar to 2,530-km-long Tonga-Kermadec arc system. The Monowai volcanic center is comprised of a large elongate caldera (Monowai caldera area similar to 35 km(2); depth to caldera floor 1,590 m), which has formed within an older caldera some 84 km2 in area. To the south of this nested caldera system is a large composite volcano, Monowai cone, which rises to within similar to 100 m of the sea surface and which has been volcanically active for the past several decades. Mafic volcanic rocks dominate the Monowai volcanic center; basalts are the most common rock type recovered from the cone, whereas basaltic andesites are common within the caldera. Hydrothermal plume mapping has shown at least three major hydrothermal systems associated with the caldera and cone: (1) the summit of the cone, (2) low-temperature venting (<60 degrees C; Mussel Ridge) on the southwestern wall of the caldera, and (3) a deeper caldera source with higher temperature venting that has yet to be observed. The cone summit plume shows large anomalies in pH (a shift of -2.00 pH units) and delta He-3 (<= 358%), and noticeable H2S (up to 32 mu m), and CH4 (up to 900 nm). The summit plume is also metal rich, with elevated total dissolvable Fe (TDFe up to 4,200 nm), TDMn (up to 412 nm), and TDFe/TDMn (up to 20.4). Particulate samples have elevated Fe, Si, Al, and Ti consistent with addition to the hydrothermal fluid from acidic water-rock reaction. Plumes extending from similar to 1,000- to 1,400-m depth provide evidence for a major hydrothermal vent system in the caldera. The caldera plume has lower values for TDFe and TDMn, although some samples show higher TDMn concentrations than the cone summit plume; caldera plume samples are also relatively gas poor (i.e., no H2S detected, pH shift of -0.06 pH units, CH4 concentrations up to 26 rim). The composition of the hydrothermal plumes in the caldera have higher metal contents than the sampled vent funds along Mussel Ridge, requiring that the source of the caldera plumes is at greater depth and likely of higher temperature. Minor plumes detected as light scattering anomalies but with no He-3 anomalies down the northern flank of the Monowai caldera most likely represent remobilization of volcanic debris from the volcano flanks. We believe the Monowai volcanic center is host to a robust magmatic-hydrothermal system, with significant differences in the style and composition of venting at the cone and caldera sites. At the cone, the large shifts in pH, very high delta He-3 values, elevated TDFe and TDFe/TDMn, and the H2S- and CH4-rich nature of the plume fluids, together with elevated Ti, P V, 8, and Al in hydrothermal particulates, indicates significant magmatic volatile metal contributions in the hydrothermal system coupled with aggressive acidic water-rock interaction. By contrast, the caldera has low TDFe/TDMn in hydrothermal plumes; however, elevated Al and Ti contents in caldera particulate samples, combined with the presence of alunite, pyrophyllite, sulfide minerals, and native sulfur in samples from Mussel Ridge suggest past, and perhaps recent, acid volatile-rich venting and active Fe sulfide formation in the subsurface. C1 [Leybourne, Matthew I.; de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Faure, Kevin; Massoth, Gary J.; Timm, Christian; Graham, Ian J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich] Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Baker, Edward T.; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Butterfield, David A.; Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lupton, John E.; Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hannington, Mark D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Gibson, Harold L.] Laurentian Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Mineral Explorat Res Ctr, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Massoth, Gary J.] Mass Ex3 Consulting LLC, Renton, WA 98056 USA. [Chadwick, William W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Clark, Malcolm R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6241, New Zealand. [Wright, Ian C.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Leybourne, MI (reprint author), ALS Geochem, 2103 Dollarton Highway, Vancouver, BC V7H 0A7, Canada. EM matthew.leybourne@alsglobal.com RI Wright, Ian/B-9643-2008; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Wright, Ian/0000-0002-6660-0493; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Leybourne, Matthew/0000-0002-2361-6014 FU New Zealand Government grants; NOAA VENTS Program; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER); GNS Science; NIWA; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [03G0192] FX The NZAPLUME III cruise on the R/V Tangaroa was jointly funded by New Zealand Government grants to GNS Science and NIWA. Funding for the New Zealand American Submarine Ring of Fire 05 expedition was provided from the NOAA VENTS Program, the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER), GNS Science, and NIWA. NOAA's Undersea Research Program (NURP) provided funding for some of the transit time from Hawaii to New Zealand that made the entire expedition possible (there were several other legs of the expedition). The Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory very capably operated the Pisces V submersible and the RCV-150 remotely operated vehicle used on this expedition. The R/V Ka'imikai-o-Kanaloa provided excellent support for the operation. Funding for the SO192-2 MANGO cruise on the R/V Swine was provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant 03G0192). Thanks are also due to the crew onboard FS Swine and the excellent performance of the ROPOS crew. We thank M. Tivey and two anonymous journal reviewers for constructive comments that greatly improved the paper. PMEL contribution no. 3175. JISAO contribution no. 2069. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 30 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 107 IS 8 SI SI BP 1669 EP 1694 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 052XC UT WOS:000312232700011 ER PT J AU Stegall, ST Zhang, J AF Stegall, Steve T. Zhang, Jing TI Wind Field Climatology, Changes, and Extremes in the Chukchi-Beaufort Seas and Alaska North Slope during 1979-2009 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BARRIER WINDS; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; EVENTS; BARROW; COAST AB Wind field climatology, changes, and extremes at similar to 32-km resolution were analyzed for the Chukchi-Beaufort Seas and Alaska North Slope region using 3-hourly North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) from 1979 to 2009. The monthly average wind speeds show a clear seasonal cycle with a minimum of 2-4 m s(-1) in May and a maximum up to 9 m s(-1) in October. The 95th percentile winds show a similar seasonality with a maximum up to 15 m s(-1) in October. The 31-yr domain averaged 3-hourly wind speeds display a clear diurnal cycle over land and sea ice areas during the warm seasons. Weaker radiation during winter and larger heat capacity over open water reduce the diurnal signal in the wind field diurnal variations. There. were increasing trends of areal averaged monthly mean and 95th percentile Nyi.nd speeds for July through November. The strongest increase in the areal averaged 95th percentile wind speeds occurred in October from 7 m s(-1) in 1979 to 10.5 m s(-1) in 2009. The frequency of extreme wind events (speed above the 95th percentile winds) shows an increasing tread in all months, with the greatest increase occurring in October, showing 8% more extreme wind events in 2009 comparing to 1979. The prevailing wind direction was northeast with a frequency of 40%-60% for most of the year. The frequency for southwest and northwest winds was small (<20%) except for two anomalous areas along the Brooks Range in Alaska and the Chukotka Mountains in easternmost Russia where the frequency has increased to 35%-50% during the cold season months. C1 [Zhang, Jing] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys & Energy & Environm Syst, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Zhang, Jing] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Energy & Environm Syst, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys & Energy & Environm Syst, NOAA ISET Ctr, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM jzhang1@ncat.edu FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) of the U.S. Department of the Interior [M06PC00018]; NSF Grant [ARC-1023592] FX This work was supported by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) of the U.S. Department of the Interior under Contract M06PC00018 and NSF Grant ARC-1023592. The computing resources were provided by the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. We wish to thank Igor Polyakov and the anonymous reviewer for very careful review, which improves the paper significantly. Appreciation also goes to Xiangdong Zhang for fruitful discussions, Jeremy Krieger and Martha Shulski for the observational data collection and quality control, and Wei Tao for helping with some figure plots. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 25 IS 23 BP 8075 EP 8089 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00532.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051EF UT WOS:000312107300004 ER PT J AU Castro, CL Chang, HI Dominguez, F Carrillo, C Schemm, JK Juang, HMH AF Castro, Christopher L. Chang, Hsin-I Dominguez, Francina Carrillo, Carlos Schemm, Jae-Kyung Juang, Hann-Ming Henry TI Can a Regional Climate Model Improve the Ability to Forecast the North American Monsoon? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; SUMMER CLIMATE; NAME 2004; EL-NINO; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE AB Global climate models are challenged to represent the North American monsoon, in terms of its climatology and interannual variability. To investigate whether a regional atmospheric model can improve warm season forecasts in North America, a retrospective Climate Forecast System (CFS) model reforecast (1982-2000) and the corresponding NCEP-NCAR reanalysis are dynamically downscaled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), with similar parameterization options as used for high-resolution numerical weather prediction and a new spectral nudging capability. The regional model improves the climatological representation of monsoon precipitation because of its more realistic representation of the diurnal cycle of convection. However, it is challenged to capture organized, propagating convection at a distance from terrain, regardless of the boundary forcing data used. Dynamical downscaling of CFS generally yields modest improvement in surface temperature and precipitation anomaly correlations in those regions where it is already positive in the global model. For the North American monsoon region, WRF adds value to the seasonally forecast temperature only in early summer and does not add value to the seasonally forecast precipitation. CFS has a greater ability to represent the large-scale atmospheric circulation in early summer because of the influence of Pacific SST forcing. The temperature and precipitation anomaly correlations in both the global and regional model are thus relatively higher in early summer than late summer. As the dominant modes of early warm season precipitation are better represented in the regional model, given reasonable large-scale atmospheric forcing, dynamical downscaling will add value to warm season seasonal forecasts. CFS performance appears to be inconsistent in this regard. C1 [Castro, Christopher L.; Chang, Hsin-I; Dominguez, Francina; Carrillo, Carlos] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dominguez, Francina] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schemm, Jae-Kyung] NCEP NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Juang, Hann-Ming Henry] NCEP NWS, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Castro, CL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Phys & Atmospher Sci Bldg,Rm 520,1118 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM castro@atmo.arizona.edu RI Dominguez, Francina/D-4412-2012 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-813656] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant ATM-813656. We sincerely thank Mr. Matthew Switanek for his assistance in obtaining the CFS model data from NCEP and Drs. Russ Vose and Ed Cook for providing access and guidance in the use of the P-NOAA data. Other observational datasets used in this study were provided by NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd.). NR 83 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 25 IS 23 BP 8212 EP 8237 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-0441.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051EF UT WOS:000312107300012 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, A Wang, J Hu, HG Schwab, DJ Hawley, N Rao, YR AF Fujisaki, Ayumi Wang, Jia Hu, Haoguo Schwab, David J. Hawley, Nathan Rao, Yerubandi R. TI A modeling study of ice-water processes for Lake Erie applying coupled ice-circulation models SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Lake ice; Ice-hydrodynamic modeling; Ice-water coupling ID SEA-ICE; GREAT-LAKES; MICHIGAN; DYNAMICS; LAYER; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; CURRENTS; BAY AB A hydrodynamic model that includes ice processes and is optimized for parallel processing was configured for Lake Erie in order to study the ice-water coupling processes in the lake. A hindcast from April 2003 to December 2004 with hourly atmospheric forcing was conducted. The model reproduced the seasonal variation of ice cover, but the development of ice extent in January and its decay in March somewhat preceded the observations. Modeled lake circulation in ice-free seasons is consistent with previous studies for Lake Erie. Thermal structure of the lake was reasonably comparable to both satellite-derived observations and in-situ measurements, with mean differences ranging from -2 degrees C to 4 degrees C, depending on the season. The impacts of ice-water stress coupling and basal melting of ice were examined based on numerical experiments. The results show that: 1) ice-water stress coupling significantly dampens the subjacent lake circulation ill winter due to packed ice cover that slows down the surface water, and 2) basal melting of ice contributes to widespread ice cover in the lake. The demonstrated model validity could lead to further studies of ice-water processes in the lake, including interannual variation and impacts on ecosystems. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujisaki, Ayumi; Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wang, Jia; Schwab, David J.; Hawley, Nathan] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Rao, Yerubandi R.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Fujisaki, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM ayumif@umich.edu FU EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI); NSF OCE [0927643] FX The paper is supported by the EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), and NSF OCE Grant 0927643. We would like to acknowledge Dr. Dmitry Beletsky, Dr. Brent Lofgren, and Dr. Xuezhi Bai for helpful discussion. Thanks also to George Leshkevich for satellite-derived data of ice concentration and sea surface temperature, Cathy Darnell of NOAA GLERL for editing this paper, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This is GLERL contribution no. 1638. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 585 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.09.021 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 052FM UT WOS:000312183100001 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, M. A. TI R134a/Al2O3 Nanolubricant Mixture Pool Boiling on a Rectangular Finned Surface SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE additives; aluminum oxide; boiling; enhanced heat transfer; nanolubricant; nanotechnology; refrigerants; refrigerant/lubricant mixtures; structured surface AB This paper quantifies the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the pool boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a rectangular finned surface. Nanolubricants having 10 nm diameter Al2O3 nanoparticles of various volume fractions (1.0%, 2.3%, and 3.6%, a.k.a., 1AlO, 2AlO, and 3AlO) in the base polyolester lubricant were mixed with R134a at two different mass fractions (0.5% and 1%). The study showed that nanolubricants can significantly improve R134a/lubricant boiling on a rectangular finned surface. For example, the R134a/1AlO (99/1), R134a/3AlO (99/1), and the R134a/2AlO (99/1) mixtures exhibited average enhancement of approximately 18%, 102%, and 113%, respectively. The nanoparticles had practically no effect on the heat transfer relative to that for R134a/ polyolester mixtures without nanoparticles for R134a boiling with the 1AlO nanolubricant at a 0.5% mass fraction with the refrigerant. This confirms, what was shown in a previous publication for a smooth surface, that for a particular system, a critical loading of nanoparticles must be exceeded before an enhancement can be achieved. The present study suggests that passively enhanced surfaces are likely to require more nanoparticle loading than a smooth surface to achieve similar heat transfer enhancement. This is based on the finding that the boiling heat transfer enhancement was shown to be a strong function of the absolute nanoparticle surface density that resides on the heat transfer surface and not the nanoparticle concentration in the nanolubricant as previously believed. The enhancement was shown to increase for three different boiling surfaces (from three different studies) as more nanoparticles accumulate on the boiling surface. Accordingly, a previously developed model for predicting refrigerant/nanolubricant boiling on a smooth surface was corrected so as to be dependent on the nanoparticle surface density rather that the nanoparticle concentration. In addition, the model was modified in order to predict the refrigerant/nanolubricant boiling on the rectangular finned surface. The model and the measurements agreed to within 10% for all of the data with heat fluxes less than 100 kW m(-2). [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007137] C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, Bldg 226,Room B114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Kedzierski@NIST.gov FU NIST; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0002057/004] FX This work was jointly funded by NIST and the U.S. Department of Energy (Project No. DE-EE0002057/004) under Project Manager Antonio Bouza. Thanks go to the following NIST personnel for their constructive criticism of the draft manuscript: D. Flynn, D. Veronica, and P. Domanski. Furthermore, the author extends appreciation to W. Guthrie and A. Heckert of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division for their consultations on the uncertainty analysis. Boiling heat transfer measurements were taken by D. Wilmering of KT Consulting at the NIST Laboratory. The RL68H (EMKARATE RL 68H) was donated by K. Lilje of CPI Engineering Services, Inc. The RL68H1AlO was manufactured by Nanophase Technologies with an aluminum oxide and dispersant in RL68H especially for NIST. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 17 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2012 VL 134 IS 12 AR 121501 DI 10.1115/1.4007137 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 053EK UT WOS:000312253300004 ER PT J AU Fett, T Rizzi, G Hoffmann, MJ Wagner, S Wiederhorn, SM AF Fett, Theo Rizzi, Gabriele Hoffmann, Michael J. Wagner, Susanne Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. TI Effect of Water on the Inert Strength of Silica Glass: Role of Water Penetration SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VITREOUS SILICA; FUSED SILICA; CRACK; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSIVITY; SOLUBILITY; FATIGUE; DENSITY AB The effect of water diffusion on the strength of silica glass is discussed. When silica glass is immersed in hot water and held there for an extended period, its strength increases over that of freshly damaged glass. We propose that this increase in strength is due to water diffusion into exposed surfaces of the test specimen, resulting in swelling of the glass and a fracture mechanics shielding of cracks present in the glass surface. In the present paper, we show that the shielding may be broken down into two parts, that associated with the crack itself and that associated with the free surface of the specimen. The explanation proposed here has been neglected in earlier studies. The approach allows us to obtain a reasonable quantitative explanation for the strengthening of silica glass by soaking in hot water. C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fett, Theo; Rizzi, Gabriele; Hoffmann, Michael J.; Wagner, Susanne] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 95 IS 12 BP 3847 EP 3853 DI 10.1111/jace.12041 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 051RT UT WOS:000312145600027 ER PT J AU Kraigsley, AM Tang, K Lippa, KA Howarter, JA Lin-Gibson, S Lin, NJ AF Kraigsley, Alison M. Tang, Kathy Lippa, Katrice A. Howarter, John A. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Lin, Nancy J. TI Effect of Polymer Degree of Conversion on Streptococcus mutans Biofilms SO MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacterial biofilms; degree of polymerization (DP); dental polymers; leachables; photopolymerization ID LEACHABLE COMPONENTS; DENTAL COMPOSITES; ORAL STREPTOCOCCI; RESIN MONOMERS; DIMETHACRYLATE; PROTEINS; ELUTION; GROWTH AB Biofilmmaterial interactions are increasingly recognized as critical to success of some materials/devices and failure of others. We use a model system of dental monomers, salivary pellicles, and oral biofilms to demonstrate for the first time that degree of conversion of cross-linked dimethacrylate polymers alters biofilm metabolic activity. This response is due primarily to leachable release (not surface chemistry) and is complex, with no changes in some biofilm measurements (i.e., biomass), and time- and leachable-dependent responses in others (i.e., metabolic activity). These results highlight the need for considering biofilm-material interactions when designing/evaluating new materials. C1 [Kraigsley, Alison M.; Tang, Kathy; Howarter, John A.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Lin, Nancy J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, NJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nancy.lin@nist.gov FU NIDCR [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Work was supported by Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01 between NIDCR and NIST. We thank Dr. Gary Schumacher (ADAF-Paffenbarger Research Center) for human saliva and Dr. Christopher Stafford for XPS assistance. Monomers were provided by Esstech, Inc. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-5187 J9 MACROMOL BIOSCI JI Macromol. Biosci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1706 EP 1713 DI 10.1002/mabi.201200214 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 053AU UT WOS:000312242600013 PM 23038684 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Johnson, DS London, JM Boveng, PL AF Conn, Paul B. Johnson, Devin S. London, Josh M. Boveng, Peter L. TI Accounting for missing data when assessing availability in animal population surveys: an application to ice-associated seals in the Bering Sea SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE availability; missing data; missing-at-random; population surveys; satellite telemetry; temporal autocorrelation ID AERIAL SURVEYS; OCCUPANCY MODELS; ABUNDANCE; INFECTION AB Population ecologists often use telemetry to estimate the probability that an animal is available for sampling (availability probability). Such estimates are paramount for generating reliable estimates of animal abundance and are sometimes of biological interest in their own right (e.g. for characterizing pinniped haul-out behaviour or landbird singing frequency). We consider the estimation of availability probability from telemetry data when there are missing records. When records are missing-completely-at-random (i.e. not influenced by whether an animal is available for sampling or other covariates), approaches that censor missing records result in unbiased estimates of availability probability. However, censoring such records can result in bias when data are not missing-completely-at-random. We present a novel Bayesian temporal availability model that can be used to explicitly account for the process by which missing data arise. Our approach couples an underlying model for the partially observed availability process together with an observation model that allows state-dependent probabilities of missingness. This approach provides relatively unbiased estimates of availability probability even in the face of violations of the missing-at-random assumption. A new R package, TempOcc, is introduced to automate estimation. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by analysing both simulated data and hourly satellite telemetry records for 157 ice-associated seals in the Bering Sea, for which 27% of records were missing. In this case, we were interested in generating unbiased estimates of haul-out probabilities. Such probabilities are necessary when estimating abundance from aerial survey counts and assessing possible changes in seal phenology. Our analysis indicates that the missing-at-random assumption is indeed violated in telemetry studies of phocid seals in the Bering Sea. However, estimates of availability probability do not depend critically on this assumption. We recommend that ecologists routinely consider the implications of violating the missing-at-random assumption when estimating availability probabilities. Where possible, the modelling framework articulated in this study can be used to diagnose and correct for violations of the missing-at-random assumption. C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Johnson, Devin S.; London, Josh M.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00238.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056BN UT WOS:000312462000010 ER PT J AU Ma, LJ Slattery, O Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao TI Single photon frequency up-conversion and its applications SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Frequency up-conversion; Single photon detection; Quantum information ID PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3; QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; TIME-BIN ENTANGLEMENT; NIOBATE WAVE-GUIDE; COMMUNICATION WAVELENGTHS; INFRARED SPECTROMETER; 1550 NM; DETECTORS; GENERATION; TELEPORTATION AB Optical frequency up-conversion is a technique, based on sum frequency generation in a non-linear optical medium, in which signal light from one frequency (wavelength) is converted to another frequency. By using this technique, near infrared light can be converted to light in the visible or near visible range and therefore detected by commercially available visible detectors with high efficiency and low noise. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has adapted the frequency up-conversion technique to develop highly efficient and sensitive single photon detectors and a spectrometer for use at telecommunication wavelengths. The NIST team used these single photon up-conversion detectors and spectrometer in a variety of pioneering research projects including the implementation of a quantum key distribution system; the demonstration of a detector with a temporal resolution beyond the jitter limitation of commercial single photon detectors; the characterization of an entangled photon pair source, including a direct spectrum measurement for photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion; the characterization of single photons from quantum dots including the measurement of carrier lifetime with escalated high accuracy and the demonstration of the converted quantum dot photons preserving their non-classical features; the observation of 2nd, 3rd and 4th order temporal correlations of near infrared single photons from coherent and pseudo-thermal sources following frequency up-conversion; a study on the time-resolving measurement capability of the detectors using a short pulse pump and; evaluating the modulation of a single photon wave packet for better interfacing of independent sources. In this article, we will present an overview of the frequency up-conversion technique, introduce its applications in quantum information systems and discuss its unique features and prospects for the future. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, X (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov FU NIST quantum information initiative FX This work was supported by the NIST quantum information initiative. We wish to thank Hai Xu, Alan Mink, Barry Hershman, Tassos Nakassis of ITL, NIST, and Joshua Bienfang from PML, NIST, for important contributions to QKD system with up-conversion detectors. We also thank Qiang Zhang, Jason Pelc, Carsten Langrock and Martin Fejer of Stanford University, for collaboration and technical discussion on up-conversion spectrometer. The research on up-conversion of photons from quantum dots was a collaboration with Matthew Rackher and Kartik Srinivasan of CNST, NIST; the research on multi-wavelength pump sampling technology was a collaboration with Joshua Bienfang of PML, NIST; the research on high order correlation following up-conversion was a collaboration with Matthew Rackher and Kartik Srinivasan of CNST, NIST and Martin Stevens of PML, NIST. Burm Baek of PML, NIST, provided high order correlation calculation programs. NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 521 IS 2 BP 69 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2012.07.006 PG 26 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 055NT UT WOS:000312424400001 ER PT J AU Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ Penton, SV Cunningham, N Beasley, M Osterman, S Kerber, F Keyes, CD Rosa, MR AF Nave, Gillian Sansonetti, Craig J. Penton, Steven V. Cunningham, Nathaniel Beasley, Matthew Osterman, Steven Kerber, Florian Keyes, Charles D. (Tony) Rosa, Michael R. TI Lifetime and Failure Characteristics of Pt/Ne Hollow Cathode Lamps Used as Calibration Sources for UV Space Instruments SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-LINE SOURCE; SPECTROGRAPH AB We report accelerated aging tests on three Pt/Ne lamps from the same manufacturing run as lamps installed on the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). One lamp was aged in air at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) at a current of 10 mA and 50% duty cycle (30 s on, 30 s off) until failure. Two other lamps were aged by the COS instrument development team in a vacuum chamber. Initial radiometrically calibrated spectra were taken of all three lamps at NIST. Calibrated spectra of the air-aged lamp were taken after 206, 500, 778, 783 and 897 hr of operation. Spectra of the vacuum-aged lamps were taken after 500 hr for both lamps, and after 1000 hr for one of the lamps. During vacuum aging, the lamp voltage, photometric stability and temperature were monitored. All three lamps lasted for over 900 hr (100,000 cycles) when run at 10 mA, sufficient for 10-12 years of operation on COS. The total output dropped by less than 15% over 500 hr, with short-term repeatability within a few percent. We recommend that future space operation of these lamps include the lamp voltage in the telemetry as a diagnostic for the lamp aging. C1 [Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Penton, Steven V.; Beasley, Matthew; Osterman, Steven] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cunningham, Nathaniel] Nebraska Wesleyan Univ, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Keyes, Charles D. (Tony)] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rosa, Michael R.] European So Observ, Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-8046 Garching, Germany. RP Nave, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gillian.nave@nist.gov FU The National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS5-98043]; European Space Agency FX This work was supported by contracts with The National Aeronautics and Space Administration under project NAS5-98043 and the European Space Agency. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 124 IS 922 BP 1295 EP 1308 DI 10.1086/668813 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 054ZQ UT WOS:000312384800008 ER PT J AU Bursik, M Jones, M Carn, S Dean, K Patra, A Pavolonis, M Pitman, EB Singh, T Singla, P Webley, P Bjornsson, H Ripepe, M AF Bursik, Marcus Jones, Matthew Carn, Simon Dean, Ken Patra, Abani Pavolonis, Michael Pitman, E. Bruce Singh, Tarunraj Singla, Puneet Webley, Peter Bjornsson, Halldor Ripepe, Maurizio TI Estimation and propagation of volcanic source parameter uncertainty in an ash transport and dispersal model: application to the Eyjafjallajokull plume of 14-16 April 2010 SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Iceland; Eyjafjallajokull; Plume; Eruption source parameter; Ash transport; Ash dispersal; Uncertainty; Probabilistic hazard map; Aviation safety ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; ERUPTION COLUMNS; CONVECTION; DYNAMICS; CHAOS; WIND; RISE AB Data on source conditions for the 14 April 2010 paroxysmal phase of the Eyjafjallajokull eruption, Iceland, have been used as inputs to a trajectory-based eruption column model, bent. This model has in turn been adapted to generate output suitable as input to the volcanic ash transport and dispersal model, puff, which was used to propagate the paroxysmal ash cloud toward and over Europe over the following days. Some of the source parameters, specifically vent radius, vent source velocity, mean grain size of ejecta, and standard deviation of ejecta grain size have been assigned probability distributions based on our lack of knowledge of exact conditions at the source. These probability distributions for the input variables have been sampled in a Monte Carlo fashion using a technique that yields what we herein call the polynomial chaos quadrature weighted estimate (PCQWE) of output parameters from the ash transport and dispersal model. The advantage of PCQWE over Monte Carlo is that since it intelligently samples the input parameter space, fewer model runs are needed to yield estimates of moments and probabilities for the output variables. At each of these sample points for the input variables, a model run is performed. Output moments and probabilities are then computed by properly summing the weighted values of the output parameters of interest. Use of a computational eruption column model coupled with known weather conditions as given by radiosonde data gathered near the vent allows us to estimate that initial mass eruption rate on 14 April 2010 may have been as high as 10(8) kg/s and was almost certainly above 10(7) kg/s. This estimate is consistent with the probabilistic envelope computed by PCQWE for the downwind plume. The results furthermore show that statistical moments and probabilities can be computed in a reasonable time by using 9(4) = 6,561 PCQWE model runs as opposed to millions of model runs that might be required by standard Monte Carlo techniques. The output mean ash cloud height plus three standard deviations-encompassing c. 99.7 % of the probability mass-compares well with four-dimensional ash cloud position as retrieved from Meteosat-9 SEVIRI data for 16 April 2010 as the ash cloud drifted over north-central Europe. Finally, the ability to compute statistical moments and probabilities may allow for the better separation of science and decision-making, by making it possible for scientists to better focus on error reduction and decision makers to focus on "drawing the line" for risk assessment. C1 [Bursik, Marcus] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jones, Matthew] SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Computat Res, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Carn, Simon] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Dean, Ken; Webley, Peter] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Patra, Abani; Singh, Tarunraj; Singla, Puneet] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Pavolonis, Michael] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Pitman, E. Bruce] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Math, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bjornsson, Halldor] Iceland Meteorol Off, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Ripepe, Maurizio] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. RP Bursik, M (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mib@buffalo.edu RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Singh, Tarunraj /K-8496-2013; Singla, Puneet/D-3642-2012; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Patra, Abani/F-8262-2016; OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Singh, Tarunraj /0000-0003-0377-6122; Singla, Puneet/0000-0002-2441-2531; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; Ripepe, Maurizio/0000-0002-1787-5618 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1041775]; AFOSR; NSF-IDR grant FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. EAR-1041775. The manuscript was completed under funding from AFOSR and an NSF-IDR grant. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Fred Prata, Armann Hoskuldsson, Thorvaldur Thordarson, and other researchers at several meetings generously discussed their own results with the authors. We thank AEM. Manga, an anonymous reviewer and C. Bonadonna for helpful, constructive criticisms of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 74 IS 10 BP 2321 EP 2338 DI 10.1007/s00445-012-0665-2 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 050NK UT WOS:000312060000008 ER PT J AU Tian, HQ Lu, CQ Chen, GS Tao, B Pan, SF Del Grosso, SJ Xu, XF Bruhwiler, L Wofsy, SC Kort, EA Prior, SA AF Tian, Hanqin Lu, Chaoqun Chen, Guangsheng Tao, Bo Pan, Shufen Del Grosso, Stephen J. Xu, Xiaofeng Bruhwiler, Lori Wofsy, Steven C. Kort, Eric A. Prior, Stephen A. TI Contemporary and projected biogenic fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide in North American terrestrial ecosystems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID MULTIFACTOR ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; N2O EMISSIONS; CARBON; WETLANDS; BUDGET; CH4 AB Accurately estimating biogenic methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems is critical for resolving global budgets of these greenhouse gases (GHGs) and continuing to mitigate climate warming. Here, we assess contemporary biogenic CH4 and N2O budgets and probable climate-change-related impacts on CH4 and N2O emissions in terrestrial North America. Multi-approach estimations show that, during 1990-2010, biogenic CH4 emissions ranged from 0.159 to 0.502 petagrams of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents per year (Pg CO(2)eq yr(-1), where 1 Pg = 1 x 10(15) g) and N2O emissions ranged from 0.802 to 1.016 Pg CO(2)eq yr(-1), which offset 47-166% of terrestrial CO2 sequestration (0.915-2.040 Pg CO(2)eq yr(-1), as indicated elsewhere in this Special Issue). According to two future climate scenarios, CH4 and N2O emissions are projected to continue increasing by 137-151% and 157-227%, respectively, by the end of this century, as compared with levels during 2000-2010. Strategies to mitigate climate change must account for non-CO2 GHG emissions, given their substantial warming potentials. Front Ecol Environ 2012; 10(10): 528-536, doi:10.1890/120057 C1 [Tian, Hanqin; Lu, Chaoqun; Chen, Guangsheng; Tao, Bo; Pan, Shufen] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Xu, Xiaofeng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bruhwiler, Lori] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, Eric A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Prior, Stephen A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Tian, HQ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM tianhan@auburn.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; TAO, BO/I-4166-2014; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514 FU US Department of Energy's National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) Program [DUKE-UN-07-SC-NICCR-1014]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10AU06G, NNX11AD47G]; Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) Hatch/Multistate Funding Program FX This study was supported by the US Department of Energy's National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) Program (DUKE-UN-07-SC-NICCR-1014), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program, the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program, the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program (NNX10AU06G, NNX11AD47G), and the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) Hatch/Multistate Funding Program. Portions of this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. This study contributes to the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases Synthesis. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 73 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 10 IS 10 SI SI BP 528 EP 536 DI 10.1890/120057 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 049KT UT WOS:000311982600004 ER PT J AU Pirkl, RJ AF Pirkl, Ryan J. TI Spherical Wave Scattering Matrix Description of Antenna Coupling in Arbitrary Environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antenna coupling; antenna scattering parameters; environment impedance parameters; environment scattering parameters; spherical modal signal flow graph; spherical waves ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD REPRESENTATIONS; CHAOTIC MICROWAVE CAVITIES; COMPUTATIONS; STATISTICS; IMPEDANCE AB A framework is presented for investigating antenna coupling in arbitrary environments by way of antenna and environment scattering parameter matrices. The environment scattering parameter matrices are bona fide scattering parameters that describe the environment when all radiation ports are terminated with nonreflecting loads. Simplification of the antenna coupling equations leads to a second formulation that is compatible with classically-defined antenna scattering parameter matrices. A third formulation, based on an auxiliary set of matrices describing the environment's scattering when all unexcited radiation ports are open-circuited, extends the coupling formulation used in spherical near-field antenna measurements to arbitrary environments. C1 NIST, RF Fields Grp, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), NIST, RF Fields Grp, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rpirkl@gmail.com OI Pirkl, Ryan/0000-0001-8803-3154 FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship FX This work was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 60 IS 12 BP 5654 EP 5662 DI 10.1109/TAP.2012.2211851 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 050DL UT WOS:000312032800016 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Martinez, R Griffith, WC Knappe, S Kitching, J Prouty, M AF Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo Griffith, W. Clark Knappe, Svenja Kitching, John Prouty, Mark TI High-bandwidth optical magnetometer SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROFABRICATED VAPOR CELL; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETRY; CONVERSION; NOISE AB We demonstrate a scalar Rb-87 optical magnetometer that retains magnetic-field sensitivities below 10pT/root Hz over 3 dB bandwidths of 10 kHz in an ambient field B-0 = 11.4 mu T and using a measurement volume of 1 mm(3). The magnetometer operates at high atomic densities where both the sensitivity and the bandwidth are limited by spin-exchange collisions between the alkali atoms. By operating in this regime, our measurements show that the bandwidth of the magnetometer can be increased without a significant degradation in its sensitivity. C1 [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo; Griffith, W. Clark; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Prouty, Mark] Geometrics Inc, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Jimenez-Martinez, R (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jimenezm@nist.gov FU Roberto Rocca Education Program FX The authors thank Rahul Mhaskar and Ethan Pratt for helpful comments on the manuscript. R. Jimenez acknowledges support from the Roberto Rocca Education Program. This work is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 33 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3398 EP 3403 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 049NR UT WOS:000311990300028 ER PT J AU Yerramilli, A Dodla, VBR Challa, VS Myles, L Pendergrass, WR Vogel, CA Dasari, HP Tuluri, F Baham, JM Hughes, RL Patrick, C Young, JH Swanier, SJ Hardy, MG AF Yerramilli, Anjaneyulu Dodla, Venkata Bhaskar Rao Challa, Venkata Srinivas Myles, LaToya Pendergrass, William R. Vogel, Christoph A. Dasari, Hari Prasad Tuluri, Francis Baham, Julius M. Hughes, Robert L. Patrick, Chuck Young, John H. Swanier, Shelton J. Hardy, Mark G. TI An integrated WRF/HYSPLIT modeling approach for the assessment of PM2.5 source regions over the Mississippi Gulf Coast region SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE WRF-HYSPLIT simulation; PM2.5; Source identification; Pollutant dispersion ID DISPERSION SIMULATIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SYSTEM; TRAJECTORIES; SENSITIVITY; WASHINGTON; TERRAIN; FLOW AB Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is majorly formed by precursor gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are emitted largely from intense industrial operations and transportation activities. PM2.5 has been shown to affect respiratory health in humans. Evaluation of source regions and assessment of emission source contributions in the Gulf Coast region of the USA will be useful for the development of PM2.5 regulatory and mitigation strategies. In the present study, the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model driven by the Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) model is used to identify the emission source locations and transportation trends. Meteorological observations as well as PM2.5 sulfate and nitric acid concentrations were collected at two sites during the Mississippi Coastal Atmospheric Dispersion Study, a summer 2009 field experiment along the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Meteorological fields during the campaign were simulated using WRF with three nested domains of 36, 12, and 4 km horizontal resolutions and 43 vertical levels and validated with North American Mesoscale Analysis. The HYSPLIT model was integrated with meteorological fields derived from the WRF model to identify the source locations using backward trajectory analysis. The backward trajectories for a 24-h period were plotted at 1-h intervals starting from two observation locations to identify probable sources. The back trajectories distinctly indicated the sources to be in the direction between south and west, thus to have origin from local Mississippi, neighboring Louisiana state, and Gulf of Mexico. Out of the eight power plants located within the radius of 300 km of the two monitoring sites examined as sources, only Watson, Cajun, and Morrow power plants fall in the path of the derived back trajectories. Forward dispersions patterns computed using HYSPLIT were plotted from each of these source locations using the hourly mean emission concentrations as computed from past annual emission strength data to assess extent of their contribution. An assessment of the relative contributions from the eight sources reveal that only Cajun and Morrow power plants contribute to the observations at the Wiggins Airport to a certain extent while none of the eight power plants contribute to the observations at Harrison Central High School. As these observations represent a moderate event with daily average values of 5-8 mu g m(-3) for sulfate and 1-3 mu g m(-3) for HNO3 with differences between the two spatially varied sites, the local sources may also be significant contributors for the observed values of PM2.5. C1 [Yerramilli, Anjaneyulu; Dodla, Venkata Bhaskar Rao; Dasari, Hari Prasad; Tuluri, Francis; Baham, Julius M.; Hughes, Robert L.; Patrick, Chuck; Young, John H.; Swanier, Shelton J.; Hardy, Mark G.] Jackson State Univ, Coll Sci Engn & Technol, Trent Lott Geospatial & Visualizat Res Ctr, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Myles, LaToya; Pendergrass, William R.; Vogel, Christoph A.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Challa, Venkata Srinivas] Indira Gandhi Ctr Atom Res, Radiol Safety Div, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Yerramilli, A (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Coll Sci Engn & Technol, Trent Lott Geospatial & Visualizat Res Ctr, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM yerramilli.anjaneyulu@jsums.edu RI DASARI, HARI PRASAD/M-5118-2013; Myles, LaToya/Q-2470-2015; Pendergrass, William/C-9073-2016 OI DASARI, HARI PRASAD/0000-0003-0628-4481; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the US Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4600192] FX This study is carried out as part of the ongoing Atmospheric Dispersion Project (ADP) funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the US Department of Commerce Grant #NA06OAR4600192. The HYSPLIT model is obtained from NOAA ARL. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 58 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s11869-010-0132-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042UB UT WOS:000311495500005 ER PT J AU Pommier, M Mc Linden, CA Neuman, JA Nowak, JB AF Pommier, M. Mc Linden, C. A. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. TI Biomass burning in Siberia as a source of BrO to the Arctic free troposphere SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Artic; Free troposphere; BrO plume; Biomass burning; O-3 depletion ID ATMOSPHERIC METHYL-BROMIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; DOAS MEASUREMENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OZONE; FOREST; PLUME; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; AIRCRAFT AB During the ARCPAC (Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate) campaign in April 2008, several flights of the WP-3D research aircraft over the Arctic Ocean and Alaska sampled relatively rich bromine monoxide (BrO > 5 pptv) air masses in the free troposphere. In most cases air masses were identified as either stratospheric intrusions or as being recently in contact with sea-ice and thereby pointing to an established BrO source. However, in at least two instances there was a strong indication that the BrO originated, directly or as a secondary product from forest fires in Siberia. In all cases the origin of the air masses studied (polluted or stratospheric influenced) was confirmed by trajectories calculations and carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O-3), water vapor (H2O), bromine monochloride (BrCl), and acetonitrile (CH3CN) measurements on-board the aircraft. In spite of this finding, the mechanisms of BrO release in the free troposphere, possibly involving heterogeneous reactions, remain unclear. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pommier, M.; Mc Linden, C. A.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pommier, M (reprint author), Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM pommier@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, Canada) FX M. Pommier is supported by a fellowship grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, Canada). The authors thank K. Aikin, J. Holloway, T. B. Ryerson, H. Stark and C. Warneke for their water vapor, CO, O3, actinic flux and CH3CN WP-3D measurements, respectively. We thank D. Blake for CH3Br and CH2Br2, A. J. Weinheimer for O3 and G. S. Diskin for CO DC-8 measurements. We also thank K. Toyota and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments which led to significant improvements in this manuscript. The MODIS data are from the NASA website http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/firemaps/. NCEP Reanalysis data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 62 BP 416 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.070 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038QC UT WOS:000311188200043 ER PT J AU Lefohn, AS Wernli, H Shadwick, D Oltmans, SJ Shapiro, M AF Lefohn, Allen S. Wernli, Heini Shadwick, Douglas Oltmans, Samuel J. Shapiro, Melvyn TI Quantifying the importance of stratospheric-tropospheric transport on surface ozone concentrations at high- and low-elevation monitoring sites in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Background ozone; Stratosphere-troposphere exchange; Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport; Surface ozone ID CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; RELEVANT BACKGROUND OZONE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; INTRUSIONS; LEVEL; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; BUDGET; ALPS AB In this study, we quantify the frequency of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) events that result in ozone (O-3) concentration enhancements (i.e., hourly average concentrations >= 50 ppb) observed at 39 high- and low-elevation monitoring sites in the US during the years 2007-2009. We employ a refined forward trajectory-based approach to address the relationship between stratospheric intrusions and enhancements in hourly average O-3 concentrations. The model is applied to high-resolution European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) analyses to identify specific days when the potential for stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (Sir) exists to affect surface O-3 levels. Our results indicate that SIT down to the surface (STT-S) frequently contributes to enhanced surface O-3 hourly averaged concentrations at sites across the US, with substantial year-to-year variability. The O-3 concentrations associated with the SIT-S events appear to be large enough to enhance the measured O-3 concentrations during specific months of the year. Months with a statistically significant coincidence between enhanced O-3 concentrations and STT-S occur most frequently at the high-elevation sites in the Intermountain West, as well as at the high-elevation sites in the West and East. These sites exhibit a preference for coincidences during the springtime and in some cases, the summer, fall, and late winter. Besides the high-elevation monitoring sites, low-elevation monitoring sites across the entire US experience enhanced O-3 concentrations coincident with SIT-S events. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Wernli, Heini] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shapiro, Melvyn] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shapiro, Melvyn] Univ Bergen, Geophys Res Inst, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Lefohn, AS (reprint author), ASL & Associates, 302 N Last Chance Gulch, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM alefohn@asl-associates.com; heini.wernli@env.ethz.ch; dougshadwick@nc.rr.com; Samuel.J.Oltmans@noaa.gov; mshapiro@ucar.edu NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 62 BP 646 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038QC UT WOS:000311188200067 ER PT J AU Burton, BP van de Walle, A AF Burton, Benjamin Paul van de Walle, Axel TI First principles phase diagram calculations for the octahedral-interstitial system alpha TiOX, 0 <= X <= 1/2 SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TiOX; Ti suboxides; Devil's staircase; Long-period superstructures; First principles phase diagram calculation ID ORDER-DISORDER TRANSFORMATION; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ZIRCONIUM-OXYGEN ALLOYS; WAVE BASIS-SET; SOLID-SOLUTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TITANIUM-OXYGEN; HAFNIUM; MONOXIDE AB First principles based phase diagram calculations were performed for the hexagonal closest packed octahedral-interstitial solid solution system alpha TiOX, or alpha Ti[](1-X)O-X ([]=Vacancy; 0 <= X <= 1/2) by the cluster expansion (CE) method. The predicted diagram has ordered ground-state (GS) phases at: X=0 (hcp alpha Ti, P6(3)mmc); X=1/6 (Ti6O: P (3) over bar 1c, R3, R (3) over bar); X approximate to 1/3 (Ti3O: R (3) over bar, P (3) over bar 1c, R (3) over bar'); and X=1/2 (Ti2O: Pbcn; contrary to previous reports that it is anti-CdI2). Both at X=1/6 and X=1/3 density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict at least triply degenerate GS (three structure energies at each composition that are within approximate to 0.001 eV; i.e. within DFT error). In the CE, this leads to exactly triply degenerate GS at both compositions. The calculated phase diagram includes a broad field between Ti6O and Ti3O in which the stable phases have layer-structures that are related to the anti-CdI2-structure. It appears that disordering of the Ti6O- and Ti3O-GS involves cascades of first-order transitions that are suggestive of Devil's staircases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burton, Benjamin Paul] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [van de Walle, Axel] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov RI van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 FU NIST; NSF [DMR-0953378] FX This research was supported by NIST and by NSF under Grant DMR-0953378. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 39 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2012.09.004 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 048QE UT WOS:000311926800013 ER PT J AU Vinnikov, KY Yu, YY Goldberg, MD Tarpley, D Romanov, P Laszlo, I Chen, M AF Vinnikov, Konstantin Y. Yu, Yunyue Goldberg, Mitchell D. Tarpley, Dan Romanov, Peter Laszlo, Istvan Chen, Ming TI Angular anisotropy of satellite observations of land surface temperature SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL INFRARED EMISSIVITY; RETRIEVALS AB Satellite-based time series of land surface temperature (LST) have the potential to be an important tool to diagnose climate changes of the past several decades. Production of such a time series requires addressing several issues with using asynchronous satellite observations, including the diurnal cycle, clouds, and angular anisotropy. Here we evaluate the angular anisotropy of LST using one full year of simultaneous observations by two Geostationary Operational Environment Satellites, GOES-EAST and GOES-WEST, at the locations of five surface radiation (SURFRAD) stations. We develop a technique to convert directionally observed LST into direction-independent equivalent physical temperature of the land surface. The anisotropy model consists of an isotropic kernel, an emissivity kernel (LST dependence on viewing angle), and a solar kernel (effect of directional inhomogeneity of observed temperature). Application of this model reduces differences of LST observed from two satellites and between the satellites and surface ground truth - SURFRAD station observed LST. The techniques of angular adjustment and temporal interpolation of satellite observed LST open a path for blending together historical, current, and future observations of many geostationary and polar orbiters into a homogeneous multi-decadal data set for climate change research. Citation: Vinnikov, K. Y., Y. Yu, M. D. Goldberg, D. Tarpley, P. Romanov, I. Laszlo, and M. Chen (2012), Angular anisotropy of satellite observations of land surface temperature, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L23802, doi:10.1029/2012GL054059. C1 [Vinnikov, Konstantin Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, Joint Polar Satellite Syst Off, NESDIS, Lanham, MD USA. [Romanov, Peter] NOAA, CREST, CUNY, College Pk, MD USA. [Chen, Ming] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Vinnikov, KY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kostya@atmos.umd.edu RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708 FU NOAA [NA09NES4400006] FX K. Vinnikov was supported by NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS at the University of Maryland/ESSIC). We thank Abram Kagan for valuable discussions of statistical aspects of this paper, Alan Robock for editing the paper, the anonymous reviewers and Geoffrey Tyndall for their important and helpful comments. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L23802 DI 10.1029/2012GL054059 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 047KX UT WOS:000311840600005 ER PT J AU Chang, KS Green, ML Schenck, PK Levin, I Venkatasubramanian, E AF Chang, Kao-Shuo Green, Martin L. Schenck, Peter K. Levin, Igor Venkatasubramanian, Eswaranand TI High-Throughput Screening of Amorphous Y2O3-TiO2/SiO2 Higher kappa Gate Dielectric Layers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Amorphous; combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (PLD); higher kappa dielectrics; Y2O3-TiO2/SiO2 library films ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; TIO2 THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GROWTH; OXIDES AB In this paper, an approach using native SiO2 to make amorphous higher dielectric constant films based on the Y2O3-TiO2/SiO2/Si compositional spread libraries by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition is reported. The key feature of the experiment is that combinatorial methodology is used to quickly screen the potential high-dielectric-constant films out of a large composition parameter space. Scanning X-ray microdiffractometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy results show that the TiO2-rich end is amorphous after 500 degrees C anneal. A wide composition range near the TiO2-rich end, exhibiting amorphousness, dielectric constants of 30-50, and reasonably low J(L) (< 10(-5) A/cm(2)), may be of great interest for a gate-last process flow for advanced gate stacks. C1 [Chang, Kao-Shuo] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Green, Martin L.; Schenck, Peter K.; Levin, Igor] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Venkatasubramanian, Eswaranand] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98185 USA. RP Chang, KS (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan. EM kschang@mail.ncku.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC100-2221-E-006-145]; National Cheng Kung University [D101-23010] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant NSC100-2221-E-006-145 and in part by the National Cheng Kung University Project of Promoting Academic Excellence and Developing World Class Research Centers under Grant D101-23010. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor H. S. Momose. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59 IS 12 BP 3212 EP 3216 DI 10.1109/TED.2012.2216533 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 045FM UT WOS:000311680400007 ER PT J AU Weng, FZ Zou, XL Turk, FJ AF Weng, Fuzhong Zou, Xiaolei Turk, F. Joseph TI Introduction to the Special Issue on the Chinese FengYun-3 Satellite Instrument Calibration and Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [Zou, Xiaolei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 SI SI BP 4843 EP 4844 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2227591 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046UY UT WOS:000311791100001 ER PT J AU Wang, X Zou, XL Weng, FZ You, R AF Wang, Xiang Zou, Xiaolei Weng, Fuzhong You, Ran TI An Assessment of the FY-3A Microwave Temperature Sounder Using the NCEP Numerical Weather Prediction Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE FengYun-3A (FY-3A); frequency shift; MicroWave Temperature Sounder (MWTS) ID UNIT-A; MSU; CALIBRATION; ASSIMILATION; CONSTRUCTION; SATELLITES; TRENDS AB The MicroWave Temperature Sounder (MWTS) on FY-3A has four channels with designed band central frequencies of 50.3, 53.6, 54.9, and 57.3 GHz, respectively. Lu et al. found that the central frequency for three upper level sounding channels shifted after the satellite launch into orbit. This study confirms the findings Lu et al. using a different numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and a different radiative transfer model. Furthermore, it is shown that the strong temperature dependence of MWTS O-B-DF biases found in our earlier work is mostly induced by these frequency shifts, where O represents MWTS observations and B-DF is model simulations. The mean difference of brightness temperature simulations with (B-SF) and without (B-SF) incorporating the frequency shifts into the radiative transfer model resembles the O-B-SF biases. For NWP applications of FY-3A MWTS data, it is sufficient to generate new fast radiative transfer model coefficients that incorporate the new passband parameters, and the resulting MWTS O-B-shifted biases become constant as those of MetOp-A/NOAA-18 AMSU-A data. For climate applications, the FY-3A MWTS brightness temperatures adjusted by subtracting B-SF-B-DF match quite well with the MetOp-A/NOAA-18 AMSU-A data at the simultaneous nadir overpass locations in both the Arctic and Antarctic. C1 [Wang, Xiang] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zou, Xiaolei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [You, Ran] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jwang6@fsu.edu; xzou@fsu.edu; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov; youran@nsmc.cma.gov.cn RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Chinese Ministry of Finance [GYHY200906006] FX This work was jointly supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project no. 2010CB951600, and the Chinese Ministry of Finance under the project no. GYHY200906006. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 SI SI BP 4860 EP 4874 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2200687 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046UY UT WOS:000311791100004 ER PT J AU Qi, CL Chen, Y Liu, H Wu, CQ Yin, DK AF Qi, Chengli Chen, Yong Liu, Hui Wu, Chunqiang Yin, Dekui TI Calibration and Validation of the InfraRed Atmospheric Sounder Onboard the FY3B Satellite SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration validation; FengYun 3; InfraRed Atmospheric Sounder (IRAS); on-orbit calibration ID HIRS AB InfraRed Atmospheric Sounder (IRAS) instruments were successfully launched onboard the FengYun-3A (FY3A) and FengYun-3B (FY3B) satellites on May 27, 2008, and November 5, 2010, respectively. They aim at providing multichannel radiances within the spectral range of visible to infrared (IR) wavelengths for many environmental applications, including data assimilation and retrievals of global atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles. However, the velocity of the filter wheel of the first IRAS onboard FY3A is unstable and, therefore, induced a discontinuity in the measurement. The IRAS onboard FY3B works well in normal and stable operational mode since its launch without any anomaly. A variety of postlaunch calibration/validation tasks are conducted using on-orbit data during a period of three months. This paper presents on-orbit verification of IRAS instrument performance, including long-term trends of the space and warm calibration counts and noise equivalent delta radiance. The Earth scenes observed simultaneously by IRAS and Meteorological Operational Satellite Programme (METOP)/Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer were obtained and compared to demonstrate a close similarity between the two measurements. Furthermore, the IR channel observations from FY3B/IRAS are compared with those from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-19/High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) equivalent channels and simulations from a radiative transfer model. The results show that some of IRAS IR channels perform very well, particularly for channels 1-10, 15, 19, and 20, compared to those of HIRS. Several channels, such as 13, 16, and 18, however, display some large biases. The causes of these increased biases are still under investigation. C1 [Qi, Chengli; Liu, Hui; Wu, Chunqiang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Chen, Yong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chen, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chen, Yong] NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yin, Dekui] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, Shanghai 200083, Peoples R China. RP Qi, CL (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM qicl@cma.gov.cn; Yong.Chen@noaa.gov; liuhui@cma.gov.cn; wucq@cma.gov.cn; yin@mail.sitp.ac.cn RI Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010 OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [40905014]; International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China [2010DFA21140] FX This work was supported in part by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 Project 2010CB951600, part by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation under Project 40905014, and in part by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (2010DFA21140). NR 16 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 SI SI BP 4903 EP 4914 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2204268 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046UY UT WOS:000311791100008 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Flynn, L Zhang, XY Wang, YM Wang, YJ Jiang, F Zhang, Y Huang, FX Li, XJ Liu, RX Zheng, ZJ Yu, W Liu, GY AF Wang, Weihe Flynn, Lawrence Zhang, Xingying Wang, Yongmei Wang, Yingjian Jiang, Fang Zhang, Yan Huang, Fuxiang Li, Xiaojing Liu, Ruixia Zheng, Zhaojun Yu, Wei Liu, Guoyang TI Cross-Calibration of the Total Ozone Unit (TOU) With the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and SBUV/2 for Environmental Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; ozone; remote sensing; ultraviolet radiometry ID BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET; ATMOSPHERIC OZONE; REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE; TOMS AB Across-sensor calibration technique is developed and applied to improve upon the prelaunch radiance calibration and characterization for the Total Ozone Unit (TOU) onboard the FengYun-3/A satellite. The Level 3 products from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the Earth Observing System Aura are used as input to a radiative transfer model to predict the TOU radiances and characterize the biases for the measurements over the Pacific Ocean in low-and midlatitudes. The coefficients are derived from a regression algorithm to adjust the TOU radiances. It is shown that, after the measurement bias correction, the biases between the retrieved total column ozone products from the TOU with those from the OMI Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)-Version 8 products and those from a set of ground-based station measurements are 3% and 5%, respectively. The variations in the estimated total ozone amounts from the TOU are consistent with those derived from Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer instruments and OMI for a period from January 2010 to February 2011. C1 [Wang, Weihe; Zhang, Xingying; Zhang, Yan; Huang, Fuxiang; Li, Xiaojing; Liu, Ruixia; Zheng, Zhaojun] China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Radiometr Calibrat & Validat Environm Sat, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, Weihe; Zhang, Xingying; Zhang, Yan; Huang, Fuxiang; Li, Xiaojing; Liu, Ruixia; Zheng, Zhaojun] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Flynn, Lawrence] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, Yongmei; Wang, Yingjian; Jiang, Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Beijing 100090, Peoples R China. [Yu, Wei] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Liu, Guoyang] Chinese Acad Space Technol, Space Star Technol Co Ltd, Beijing 100086, Peoples R China. RP Wang, WH (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Radiometr Calibrat & Validat Environm Sat, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM wangwh@cma.gov.cn; Lawrence.E.Flynn@noaa.gov; zxy@cma.gov.cn; wym@cssar.ac.cn; yingjianwang09@gmail.com; jiangf@cssar.ac.cn; zhangyan@cma.gov.cn; huangfx@cma.gov.cn; lixiaoj@cma.gov.cn; liurx@cma.gov.cn; zhengzj@cma.gov.cn; Wei.Yu@noaa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; National Natural Science Foundations of China [41175024, 40905056]; International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China [2010DFA21140]; Public Industry-specific Fund for Meteorology [GYHY201106045] FX This work was supported in part by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology through the 973 project "Assessment, Assimilation, Recompilation and Applications of Fundamental and Thematic Climate Data Records" under Grant 2010CB951600, by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grants 41175024 and 40905056, by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (2010DFA21140), and by the Public Industry-specific Fund for Meteorology under Grant GYHY201106045. (Corresponding author: X. Zhang.) NR 19 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 SI SI BP 4943 EP 4955 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2210902 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046UY UT WOS:000311791100011 ER PT J AU Huang, FX Huang, Y Flynn, LE Wang, WH Cao, DJ Wang, SR AF Huang, Fuxiang Huang, Yu Flynn, Lawrence E. Wang, Weihe Cao, Dongjie Wang, Shurong TI Radiometric Calibration of the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder and Validation of Ozone Profile Retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Feng Yun-3 (FY-3) satellite; ozone vertical profile; Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder (SBUS) ID EVENTS AB The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder (SBUS) is one of the 11 main payload instruments onboard Feng Yun-3 (FY-3), the second generation of Chinese polar orbit meteorological satellites. This paper presents the results of SBUS instrument calibration, and data and product validation during the prelaunch and postlaunch periods. Topics include the instrument prelaunch calibration and characterization, in-orbit monitoring, validation of the ozone profiles retrieved from the FY-3 SBUS measurements, and an application of the retrievals to monitoring the 2011 Arctic ozone depletion. For the prelaunch calibration of SBUS, the estimated uncertainty of laboratory calibration is approximately 4.7%. The in-orbit solar irradiance measurements indicate that the diffuser reflectivity degraded approximately 15% for the 252-nm channel, and 3% to 5% for the other 11 channels during a 12-mo period. Using ozone vertical profiles retrieved from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV)/2s as a "truth," the initial comparison of ozone profiles between FY-3 SBUS and SBUV/2s finds that the relative percent bias of the FY-3 SBUS with the SBUV/2 results is good. The averaged differences range over to +/- 7% for FY-3A SBUS and +/- 6% for FY-3B SBUS. The SBUS ozone profile retrievals reveal that the spring 2011 Arctic ozone depletion mainly resulted from a sharp ozone decrease in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere, which accounts for 70% to 80% of the total ozone loss. C1 [Huang, Fuxiang; Wang, Weihe; Cao, Dongjie] China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Radiometr Calibrat & Validat Environm Sat, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Huang, Fuxiang; Wang, Weihe; Cao, Dongjie] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Huang, Yu; Wang, Shurong] Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Opt Fine Mech & Phys, Changchun 130033, Peoples R China. [Flynn, Lawrence E.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Huang, FX (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Radiometr Calibrat & Validat Environm Sat, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM huangfx@cma.gov.cn RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40975016]; Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600] FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40975016 and in part by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 Project "Assessment, Assimilation, Recompilation and Applications of Fundamental and Thematic Climate Data Records (2010CB951600)." NR 29 TC 1 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 SI SI BP 4956 EP 4964 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2211368 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046UY UT WOS:000311791100012 ER PT J AU Zou, XL Zhao, J Weng, FZ Qin, ZK AF Zou, Xiaolei Zhao, Juan Weng, Fuzhong Qin, Zhengkun TI Detection of Radio-Frequency Interference Signal Over Land From FY-3B Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Microwave remote sensing; MicroWave Radiation Imager (MWRI); radio-frequency interference (RFI) ID AMSR-E; SCANNING RADIOMETER AB The MicroWave Radiation Imager (MWRI) onboard the FengYun (FY)-3B satellite has five frequencies at 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 89.0 GHz, each having dual channels at vertical and horizontal polarization states, respectively. It is found that radio-frequency interference (RFI) is present in MWRI data over land. The RFI signals are, in general, detectable from a spectral difference method and a principal component analysis (PCA) method. In particular, the PCA method is applied to derive RFI signals from natural radiations by using the characteristics of natural radiation measurements having all-channel correlations. In the area where data have a higher projection onto the first principle component (PC) mode, RFI is, in general, present. However, both the spectral and PCA methods cannot detect RFI reliably over frozen grounds and scattering surfaces, where the brightness temperature difference between 10.65 and 18.7 GHz is large. Thus, detection is improved through the use of normalized PCA. The new RFI detection algorithm is now working reliably for MWRI applications. It is found that RFI at 10.65 GHz distributes widely over Europe and Japan, and is less popular over the United States and China. C1 [Zou, Xiaolei; Qin, Zhengkun] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhao, Juan] China Meteorol Adm Training Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [Qin, Zhengkun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM zou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Chinese Ministry of Finance [GYHY200906006]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) project FX This work was supported in part by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Project 2010CB951600 and in part by Chinese Ministry of Finance Project GYHY200906006, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) project. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 SI SI BP 4994 EP 5003 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2191792 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046UY UT WOS:000311791100016 ER PT J AU Butler, WH Mewes, T Mewes, CKA Visscher, PB Rippard, WH Russek, SE Heindl, R AF Butler, W. H. Mewes, Tim Mewes, Claudia K. A. Visscher, P. B. Rippard, William H. Russek, Stephen E. Heindl, Ranko TI Switching Distributions for Perpendicular Spin-Torque Devices Within the Macrospin Approximation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Error rate; Fokker-Planck; magnetic memory; spin torque; switching distribution ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; RELAXATION-TIME; FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; VOLTAGE-DEPENDENCE; MULTILAYERS; NANOMAGNET; EXCITATION; DRIVEN; WAVES AB We model "soft" error rates for writing (WSER) and for reading (RSER) for spin-torque memory devices that have a free layer with easy axis perpendicular to the film plane by solving the Fokker-Planck equation for the probability distribution of the angle that the free layer magnetization makes with the normal to the plane of the film. We obtain: 1) an exact, closed form, analytical expression for the zero-temperature switching time as a function of initial angle; 2) an approximate analytical expression for the distribution function of the direction of the magnetization and the exponential decay of the WSER as a function of the time the current is applied; 3) comparison of the approximate analytical expressions for the distribution function and WSER to numerical solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation; 4) an approximate analytical expression for the distribution function and WSER for the case in which the pinned layer is not collinear with the perpendicular free layer; 5) an approximate analytical expression for the linear increase in RSER with current applied for reading; 6) comparison of the approximate analytical formula for the RSER to the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation; and 7) confirmation of the accuracy of the Fokker-Planck solutions by comparison with results of direct simulation using the single-macrospin Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations with a random fluctuating field in the short-time regime for which the latter is practical. We find that the WSER decays at long times as exp [-2(i - 1)tau] where the reduced time tau is related to the switching time, Gilbert damping and precession frequency through tau = alpha omega(0)t, and the reduced current is the ratio of the applied current to the critical current density for switching i = (I) over bar /I-0. This exponentially decaying tail in WSER is not easily reduced by tilting the pinned layer magnetization. C1 [Butler, W. H.; Mewes, Tim; Mewes, Claudia K. A.; Visscher, P. B.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Butler, W. H.; Mewes, Tim; Mewes, Claudia K. A.; Visscher, P. B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Rippard, William H.; Russek, Stephen E.; Heindl, Ranko] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Butler, WH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM wbutler@mint.ua.edu RI Mewes, Tim/B-4796-2009; OI Mewes, Tim/0000-0001-6166-9427; Visscher, Pieter/0000-0002-3457-4593 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Office of Microsystems Technology; Grandis, Inc. FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Office of Microsystems Technology and by Grandis, Inc. Useful conversations with D. Apalkov and E. Chen are gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank R. Goldfarb and M. Pufall for critical reviews of the manuscript and helpful suggestions. NR 48 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 48 IS 12 BP 4684 EP 4700 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2209122 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 046VR UT WOS:000311793000001 ER PT J AU Thompson, AM Miller, SK Tilmes, S Kollonige, DW Witte, JC Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Fujiwara, M Schmidlin, FJ Coetzee, GJR Komala, N Maata, M Mohamad, MB Nguyo, J Mutai, C Ogino, SY Da Silva, FR Leme, NMP Posny, F Scheele, R Selkirk, HB Shiotani, M Stubi, R Levrat, G Calpini, B Thouret, V Tsuruta, H Canossa, JV Vomel, H Yonemura, S Diaz, JA Thanh, NTT Ha, HTT AF Thompson, Anne M. Miller, Sonya K. Tilmes, Simone Kollonige, Debra W. Witte, Jacquelyn C. Oltmans, Samuel J. Johnson, Bryan J. Fujiwara, Masatomo Schmidlin, F. J. Coetzee, G. J. R. Komala, Ninong Maata, Matakite Mohamad, Maznorizan Bt Nguyo, J. Mutai, C. Ogino, S-Y. Da Silva, F. Raimundo Paes Leme, N. M. Posny, Francoise Scheele, Rinus Selkirk, Henry B. Shiotani, Masato Stuebi, Rene Levrat, Gilbert Calpini, Bertrand Thouret, Valerie Tsuruta, Haruo Valverde Canossa, Jessica Voemel, Holger Yonemura, S. Andres Diaz, Jorge Thanh, Nguyen T. Tan Ha, Hoang T. Thuy TI Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; CONVECTIVE OUTFLOW; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; DEEP CONVECTION; REUNION ISLAND; SATELLITE DATA AB We present a regional and seasonal climatology of SHADOZ ozone profiles in the troposphere and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) based on measurements taken during the first five years of Aura, 2005-2009, when new stations joined the network at Hanoi, Vietnam; Hilo, Hawaii; Alajuela/Heredia, Costa Rica; Cotonou, Benin. In all, 15 stations operated during that period. A west-to-east progression of decreasing convective influence and increasing pollution leads to distinct tropospheric ozone profiles in three regions: (1) western Pacific/eastern Indian Ocean; (2) equatorial Americas (San Cristobal, Alajuela, Paramaribo); (3) Atlantic and Africa. Comparisons in total ozone column from soundings, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI, on Aura, 2004-) satellite and ground-based instrumentation are presented. Most stations show better agreement with OMI than they did for EP/TOMS comparisons (1998-2004; Earth-Probe/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer), partly due to a revised above-burst ozone climatology. Possible station biases in the stratospheric segment of the ozone measurement noted in the first 7 years of SHADOZ ozone profiles are re-examined. High stratospheric bias observed during the TOMS period appears to persist at one station. Comparisons of SHADOZ tropospheric ozone and the daily Trajectory-enhanced Tropospheric Ozone Residual (TTOR) product (based on OMI/MLS) show that the satellite-derived column amount averages 25% low. Correlations between TTOR and the SHADOZ sondes are quite good (typical r(2) = 0.5-0.8), however, which may account for why some published residual-based OMI products capture tropospheric interannual variability fairly realistically. On the other hand, no clear explanations emerge for why TTOR-sonde discrepancies vary over a wide range at most SHADOZ sites. C1 [Thompson, Anne M.; Miller, Sonya K.; Kollonige, Debra W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tilmes, Simone] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Witte, Jacquelyn C.] SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. [Witte, Jacquelyn C.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.; Johnson, Bryan J.] NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fujiwara, Masatomo] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Schmidlin, F. J.] NASA Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Coetzee, G. J. R.] S Africa Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Komala, Ninong] Natl Inst Aeronaut & Space, Bandung, Indonesia. [Maata, Matakite] Univ S Pacific, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Div Chem, Suva, Fiji. [Mohamad, Maznorizan Bt] Minist Sci Technol & Innovat, Malaysian Meteorol Dept, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. [Nguyo, J.; Mutai, C.] Kenya Meteorol Dept, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ogino, S-Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Monsoon Hydrol Cycle Res Team, Trop Climate Variat Res Program, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Ogino, S-Y.] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 657, Japan. [Da Silva, F. Raimundo; Paes Leme, N. M.] INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Posny, Francoise] Univ Reunion, St Denis, France. [Scheele, Rinus] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Selkirk, Henry B.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Shiotani, Masato] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto, Japan. [Stuebi, Rene; Levrat, Gilbert; Calpini, Bertrand] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, MeteoSwiss Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland. [Thouret, Valerie] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Tsuruta, Haruo] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Div Climate Syst Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Valverde Canossa, Jessica] Univ Nacl, Dept Environm Sci, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Voemel, Holger] Deutsch Wetterdienst, GRUAN Lead Ctr, Lindenberg, Germany. [Yonemura, S.] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Andres Diaz, Jorge] Univ Costa Rica, Gas Sensing Lab, CICANUM, Sch Phys, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Thanh, Nguyen T. Tan; Ha, Hoang T. Thuy] Minist Nat Resources & Environm, Aerometeorol Observ, Natl Hydrometeorol Serv, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Thompson, AM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM amt16@psu.edu RI Tsuruta, Haruo/M-7657-2014; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 FU SHADOZ [NNG05GP22G, NNX09AJ23G, NNG05G062G]; NOAA's Global Monitoring Division FX This study was performed while A.M.T. was on a Fulbright Scholar grant to South Africa for 8 months in 2010-2011, with extraordinary support and hospitality from Northwest University-Potchefstroom (J. J. Pienaar and his group), the CSIR-Pretoria (V. Sivakumar), the University of the Witwatersrand Climatology Research Group (S. J. Piketh) and SHADOZ Co-I G. J. R. Coetzee (South African Weather Service). Helpful comments on the manuscript were received from H. G. J. Smit (FZ-Julich), N. V. Balashov (PSU), J.-L. Baray (Universite de la Reunion) and an anonymous reviewer. The Upper Atmosphere Research Program of NASA (special thanks to M. J. Kurylo and K. W. Jucks) and Aura Validation have made SHADOZ possible (grants NNG05GP22G, NNX09AJ23G, and NNG05G062G). Support from NOAA's Global Monitoring Division and WMO for the intercomparison activities (M. Proffit, L. Barrie, and G. Braathen) are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank operators, local agencies and funding organizations in more than a dozen countries for their dedication to SHADOZ over the past 15 years. NR 113 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D23301 DI 10.1029/2011JD016911 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047ML UT WOS:000311844900001 ER PT J AU Saha, K Ignatov, A Liang, XM Dash, P AF Saha, Korak Ignatov, Alexander Liang, Xing Ming Dash, Prasanjit TI Selecting a first-guess sea surface temperature field as input to forward radiative transfer models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CLEAR-SKY RADIANCES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; OCEANS AB Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO), developed at National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, reports observed top-of-atmosphere clear-sky brightness temperatures (BT) in AVHRR channels 3B (3.7), 4 (11), and 5 (12 mu m) along with the sea surface temperatures (SST) retrieved from these BTs as a level 2 (L2) product. Additionally, ACSPO provides the corresponding BTs simulated with Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), using Reynolds daily Level 4 (L4) optimum interpolation SST (OISST) and NCEP-GFS profiles as inputs. Accuracy of simulated BTs is critical for ACSPO functionalities, including detecting clouds, retrieving physical SSTs, monitoring sensor performance, and validating CRTM. This paper tests 11 gap-free gridded L4 SSTs for their potential use as first-guess fields in ACSPO to improve accuracy of simulated BTs. As a first step toward the objective, this study checks for consistency between various L4 products and ACSPO L2 SSTs. This SST consistency was shown earlier to be representative of, and equivalent to, the consistency between measured and simulated BTs, thus avoiding expensive CRTM calculations. The metrics employed in L4 comparisons include the global spatial L4-L2 SST biases and variances and their temporal stability. Also, the effect of L4 fields on the corresponding satellite-to-satellite consistency (calculated as L2-L2 double differences) is examined. Several L4 products, including the GHRSST Multi-Product Ensemble and Canadian Meteorological Centre analysis (CMC-0.2 degrees), show better consistency with ACSPO L2 SST and will be explored in the future versions of ACSPO. C1 [Saha, Korak; Ignatov, Alexander; Liang, Xing Ming; Dash, Prasanjit] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Saha, Korak; Liang, Xing Ming; Dash, Prasanjit] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospheres CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Saha, K (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM korak.saha@noaa.gov RI Dash, Prasanjit/F-5582-2010; Saha, Korak/B-9174-2011; Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Saha, Korak/0000-0002-8433-6294; Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU GOES-R; JPSS Program Offices; NESDIS Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX Authors acknowledge funding support from GOES-R and JPSS Program Offices and from NESDIS Ocean Remote Sensing Program. The authors also thank the various providers of L4 SST data used in these analyses, STAR SST colleagues supporting the ACSPO system and iQuam monitoring, and three reviewers of this paper for constructive feedback and helpful suggestions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C12001 DI 10.1029/2012JC008384 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 047OB UT WOS:000311849100001 ER PT J AU Jeanneret, B Overney, F Rufenacht, A AF Jeanneret, Blaise Overney, Frederic Ruefenacht, Alain TI The Josephson locked synthesizer SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Josephson voltage standard; ac voltage metrology; ac measurements; thermal transfer standard; waveform synthesizer ID AC POWER STANDARD; VOLTAGE-STANDARD; ARRAYS; ERROR AB This paper reviews the development of a Josephson locked synthesizer (JoLoS) where a calibrator is used as a sine wave generator whose output is controlled by the calculable fundamental of the stepwise sinusoidal wave generated by a programmable Josephson junction array. Such a system combines the versatility of a calibrator with the stability and accuracy of the Josephson voltage standard. The accuracy of the JoLoS was confirmed by a high precision comparison with a pulse-driven Josephson voltage standard. This comparison showed agreement between the two systems of 0.3 mu V V-1 at a frequency of 500 Hz and an rms amplitude of 100 mV. As an example of the calibration ability of the JoLoS, the calibration of a thermal transfer standard (TTS) is reported. This calibration is in good agreement with a calibration performed against a multi-junction thermal converter for voltages below 1 V and frequencies below 1 kHz. The agreement between the JoLoS and the calibrated TTS is better than 1 mu V V-1 at 1 V. On the lowest voltage ranges, the uncertainties measured with the JoLoS are significantly smaller than the calibration uncertainties of the TTS. This result demonstrates the present potential of the JoLoS at voltages up to 1 V and frequencies up to 1 kHz. C1 [Jeanneret, Blaise; Overney, Frederic] Fed Off Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Ruefenacht, Alain] Natl Inst Stand & Technol NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jeanneret, B (reprint author), Fed Off Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. EM blaise.jeanneret@metas.ch FU European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, ERA-NET Plus [217257] FX The authors have the pleasure to thank Alessandro Mortara, Luca Callegaro (INRIM), Jaani Nissila (MIKES), Helko van den Brom (VSL) and Ernest Houtzager (VSL) for their contribution to the realization of this project. They also wish to acknowledge Heinz Bartschi for his technical skills and Beat Jeckelmann for his continuous support. The SINIS Josephson junction array was kindly provided by PTB. The research within the EURAMET joint research project JoSy has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, ERA-NET Plus, under Grant Agreement No 217257. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 23 IS 12 AR 124004 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/23/12/124004 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 041US UT WOS:000311427300005 ER PT J AU Angevine, WM Eddington, L Durkee, K Fairall, C Bianco, L Brioude, J AF Angevine, Wayne M. Eddington, Lee Durkee, Kevin Fairall, Chris Bianco, Laura Brioude, Jerome TI Meteorological Model Evaluation for CalNex 2010 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL WINDS; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CATALINA EDDY; WRF MODEL; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; FIELD CAMPAIGN; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; IMPLEMENTATION AB The performance of mesoscale meteorological models is evaluated for the coastal zone and Los Angeles area of Southern California, and for the San Joaquin Valley. Several configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) with differing grid spacing, initialization, planetary boundary layer (PBL) physics, and land surface models are compared. One configuration of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model is also included, providing results from an independent development and process flow. Specific phenomena of interest for air quality studies are examined. All model configurations are biased toward higher wind speeds than observed. The diurnal cycle of wind direction and speed (land-sea-breeze cycle) as modeled and observed by a wind profiler at Los Angeles International Airport is examined. Each of the models shows different flaws in the cycle. Soundings from San Nicolas Island, a case study involving the Research Vessel (R/V) Atlantis and the NOAA P3 aircraft, and satellite images are used to evaluate simulation performance for cloudy boundary layers. In a case study, the boundary layer structure over the water is poorly simulated by all of the WRF configurations except one with the total energy-mass flux boundary layer scheme and ECMWF reanalysis. The original WRF configuration had a substantial bias toward low PBL heights in the San Joaquin Valley, which are improved in the final configuration. WRF runs with 12-km grids have larger errors in wind speed and direction than those present in the 4-km grid runs. C1 [Angevine, Wayne M.; Fairall, Chris; Bianco, Laura; Brioude, Jerome] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.; Bianco, Laura; Brioude, Jerome] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eddington, Lee] USN, Geophys Branch, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. [Durkee, Kevin] S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL R CSD4, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wayne.m.angevine@noaa.gov RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; FU High-Performance Computing Program FX Many individuals and organizations contributed to the CalNex study and the data used here. We are grateful to James Cummings, Naval Research Lab, for the GODAE SST data; Joost deGouw and Martin Graus for the CalTech meteorological data; Michael Trainer, Sara Lance, Tom Ryerson, NOAA/ESRL, and NOAA/AOC for WP3 planning, operations, and data; Trish Quinn for R/V Atlantis operations; Dan Wolfe for Atlantis data; and the NOAA/ESRL/PSD2 group for the Chowchilla wind profiler data. Cloud fraction data used in Fig. 6 were provided by Andrew Heidinger of NOAA/NESDIS. Thorsten Mauritsen was the key partner in the development of TEMF. Simulations were run at NOAA/ESRL, and we thank the High-Performance Computing Program for their support. Stephan de Roode provided the critical idea for the cloud fraction parameterization within TEMF. The ERA-interim data for this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The original data are available from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in dataset number ds627.0 Leon Dolislager of the California Air Resources Board and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 63 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 140 IS 12 BP 3885 EP 3906 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00042.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 048XA UT WOS:000311945300006 ER PT J AU Wu, XR Zhang, SQ Liu, ZY Rosati, A Delworth, TL Liu, Y AF Wu, Xinrong Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Zhengyu Rosati, Anthony Delworth, Thomas L. Liu, Yun TI Impact of Geographic-Dependent Parameter Optimization on Climate Estimation and Prediction: Simulation with an Intermediate Coupled Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; ROOT KALMAN FILTER; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; SIMULTANEOUS STATE; ATMOSPHERIC STATE; ERROR COVARIANCE; RADAR DATA; PART II; SYSTEM; IDENTIFIABILITY AB Because of the geographic dependence of model sensitivities and observing systems, allowing optimized parameter values to vary geographically may significantly enhance the signal in parameter estimation. Using an intermediate atmosphere-ocean-land coupled model, the impact of geographic dependence of model sensitivities on parameter optimization is explored within a twin-experiment framework. The coupled model consists of a 1-layer global barotropic atmosphere model, a 1.5-layer baroclinic ocean including a slab mixed layer with simulated upwelling by a streamfunction equation, and a simple land model. The assimilation model is biased by erroneously setting the values of all model parameters. The four most sensitive parameters identified by sensitivity studies are used to perform traditional single-value parameter estimation and new geographic-dependent parameter optimization. Results show that the new parameter optimization significantly improves the quality of state estimates compared to the traditional scheme, with reductions of root-mean-square errors as 41%, 23%, 62%, and 59% for the atmospheric streamfunction, the oceanic streamfunction, sea surface temperature, and land surface temperature, respectively. Consistently, the new parameter optimization greatly improves the model predictability as a result of the improvement of initial conditions and the enhancement of observational signals in optimized parameters. These results suggest that the proposed geographic-dependent parameter optimization scheme may provide a new perspective when a coupled general circulation model is used for climate estimation and prediction. C1 [Wu, Xinrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Wisconsin Joint Visiting Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Wu, Xinrong] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Xinrong] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, State Ocean Adm, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu; Liu, Yun] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu; Liu, Yun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Rosati, Anthony; Delworth, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wu, XR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Wisconsin Joint Visiting Program, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM xinrong.wu@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 FU NSF [2012CB955201]; NSFC [41030854] FX The authors thank Drs. Xinyao Rong and Shu Wu for their thorough examination and comments during the development of this intermediate coupled model. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their thorough examination and comments that were very useful for improving the manuscript. This research is sponsored by NSF Grant 2012CB955201 and NSFC Grant 41030854. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 140 IS 12 BP 3956 EP 3971 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00298.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 048XA UT WOS:000311945300010 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Wicker, LJ AF Potvin, Corey K. Wicker, Louis J. TI Comparison between Dual-Doppler and EnKF Storm-Scale Wind Analyses: Observing System Simulation Experiments with a Supercell Thunderstorm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; VARIABLE ADVECTION CORRECTION; LOW-LEVEL WIND; DATA ASSIMILATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; CONVECTIVE STORMS; TORNADIC STORM; SINGLE; IMPACT AB Kinematical analyses of mobile radar observations are critical to advancing the understanding of supercell thunderstorms. Maximizing the accuracy of these and subsequent dynamical analyses, and appropriately characterizing the uncertainty in ensuing conclusions about storm structure and processes, requires thorough knowledge of the typical errors obtained using different retrieval techniques. This study adopts an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) framework to explore the errors obtained from ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) assimilation versus dual-Doppler analysis (DDA) of storm-scale mobile radar data. The radar characteristics and EnKF model errors are varied to explore a range of plausible scenarios. When dual-radar data are assimilated, the EnKF produces substantially better wind retrievals at higher altitudes, where DDAs are more sensitive to unaccounted flow evolution, and in data-sparse regions such as the storm inflow sector. Near the ground, however, the EnKF analyses are comparable to the DDAs when the radar cross-beam angles (CBAs) are poor, and slightly worse than the DDAs when the CBAs are optimal. In the single-radar case, the wind analyses benefit substantially from using finer grid spacing than in the dual-radar case for the objective analysis of radar observations. The analyses generally degrade when only single-radar data are assimilated, particularly when microphysical parameterization or low-level environmental wind errors are introduced. In some instances, this leads to large errors in low-level vorticity stretching and Lagrangian circulation calculations. Nevertheless, the results show that while multiradar observations of supercells are always preferable, judicious use of single-radar EnKF assimilation can yield useful analyses. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) FX The first author was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). We thank Edward Mansell (NSSL) and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript. We are particularly grateful to one of the reviewers for their invaluable recommendation that we repeat our initial single-radar EnKF experiments using finer observational grid spacing. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 140 IS 12 BP 3972 EP 3991 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00044.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 048XA UT WOS:000311945300011 ER PT J AU Sitkowski, M Kossin, JP Rozoff, CM Knaff, JA AF Sitkowski, Matthew Kossin, James P. Rozoff, Christopher M. Knaff, John A. TI Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycle Thermodynamics and the Relict Inner Eyewall Circulation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY WIND MAXIMA; TROPICAL CYCLONE; TROCHOIDAL MOTION; PART I; CONCENTRIC EYEWALLS; EYE; INTENSITY; VORTICITY; REEXAMINATION; EVOLUTION AB Flight-level aircraft data are used to examine inner-core thermodynamic changes during eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) and the role of the relict inner eyewall circulation on the evolution of a hurricane during and following an ERC. Near the end of an ERC, the eye comprises two thermodynamically and kinematically distinct air masses separated by a relict wind maximum, inside of which high inertial stability restricts radial motion creating a "containment vessel" that confines the old-eye air mass. Restricted radial flow aloft also reduces subsidence within this confined region. Subsidence-induced warming is thus focused along the outer periphery of the developing post-ERC eye, which leads to a flattening of the pressure profile within the eye and a steepening of the gradient at the eyewall. This then causes a local intensification of the winds in the eyewall. The cessation of active convection and subsidence near the storm center, which has been occurring over the course of the ERC, leads to an increase in minimum pressure. The increase in minimum pressure concurrent with the increase of winds in the developing eyewall can create a highly anomalous pressure-wind relationship. When the relict inner eyewall circulation dissipates, the air masses are free to mix and subsidence can resume more uniformly over the entire eye. C1 [Sitkowski, Matthew; Kossin, James P.; Rozoff, Christopher M.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sitkowski, Matthew] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sitkowski, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM matts@ssec.wisc.edu RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) Joint Hurricane Testbed; National Climatic Data Center; National Science Foundation [ATM-0849689]; NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) Risk Reduction Grant [NA10NES4400013] FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) Joint Hurricane Testbed, the National Climatic Data Center, and National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0849689. Christopher Rozoff was supported by NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) Risk Reduction Grant NA10NES4400013. Discussion with Jonathan Vigh, Derrick Herndon, Dan Vimont, and Wayne Schubert are very much appreciated. Hua Chen and Da-Lin Zhang provided Hurricane Wilma (2005) skew T-logp diagrams that helped clarify interpretation of the analyses. We also would like to thank Matthew Eastin and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 140 IS 12 BP 4035 EP 4045 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00349.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 048XA UT WOS:000311945300015 ER PT J AU Bednarsek, N Tarling, GA Bakker, DCE Fielding, S Jones, EM Venables, HJ Ward, P Kuzirian, A Leze, B Feely, RA Murphy, EJ AF Bednarsek, N. Tarling, G. A. Bakker, D. C. E. Fielding, S. Jones, E. M. Venables, H. J. Ward, P. Kuzirian, A. Leze, B. Feely, R. A. Murphy, E. J. TI Extensive dissolution of live pteropods in the Southern Ocean SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE SYSTEM; INORGANIC CARBON; ACIDIFICATION; ARAGONITE; CO2; DISSOCIATION; SATURATION; CONSTANTS; SEAWATER; PACIFIC AB The carbonate chemistry of the surface ocean is rapidly changing with ocean acidification, a result of human activities(1). In the upper layers of the Southern Ocean, aragonite-a metastable form of calcium carbonate with rapid dissolution kinetics-may become undersaturated by 2050 (ref. 2). Aragonite undersaturation is likely to affect aragonite-shelled organisms, which can dominate surface water communities in polar regions(3). Here we present analyses of specimens of the pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica that were extracted live from the Southern Ocean early in 2008. We sampled from the top 200 m of the water column, where aragonite saturation levels were around 1, as upwelled deep water is mixed with surface water containing anthropogenic CO2. Comparing the shell structure with samples from aragonite-supersaturated regions elsewhere under a scanning electron microscope, we found severe levels of shell dissolution in the undersaturated region alone. According to laboratory incubations of intact samples with a range of aragonite saturation levels, eight days of incubation in aragonite saturation levels of 0.94-1.12 produces equivalent levels of dissolution. As deep-water upwelling and CO2 absorption by surface waters is likely to increase as a result of human activities(2,4), we conclude that upper ocean regions where aragonite-shelled organisms are affected by dissolution are likely to expand. C1 [Bednarsek, N.; Bakker, D. C. E.; Leze, B.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Bednarsek, N.; Tarling, G. A.; Fielding, S.; Venables, H. J.; Ward, P.; Murphy, E. J.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Bednarsek, N.] Univ Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica 5000, Slovenia. [Jones, E. M.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Kuzirian, A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tarling, GA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM gant@bas.ac.uk RI Fielding, Sophie/E-5137-2012; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015 OI Fielding, Sophie/0000-0002-3152-4742; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337 FU FAASIS (Fellowships in Antarctic Air-Sea-Ice Science), a Marie Curie Early Stage Training Network; NERC; Defra; DECC [NE/H017267/1] FX This work was supported by the FAASIS (Fellowships in Antarctic Air-Sea-Ice Science), a Marie Curie Early Stage Training Network awarded to N.B. G.A.T., S.F. and P.W. carried out this work as part of the Ecosystems core-science programme at the British Antarctic Survey. G.A.T., P.W. and D.B. received further support during the analysis and synthesis stages from the pelagic consortium of the UK Ocean Acidification programme, funded by NERC, Defra and DECC (grant no. NE/H017267/1). D. McCorkle and A. Cohen of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution helped develop a shell preparation method and commented on previous drafts of the manuscript. Image analysis was carried out at the University of East Anglia with the assistance of R. Montagna. Sampling operations were supported by the officers and crew of the RRS James Clark Ross with net-sampling equipment support from P. Enderlein of the British Antarctic Survey. P. Bucktrout assisted with graphical presentations. NR 30 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 15 U2 169 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 5 IS 12 BP 881 EP 885 DI 10.1038/NGEO1635 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 047JH UT WOS:000311835800020 ER PT J AU Egan, P Stone, JA AF Egan, Patrick Stone, Jack A. TI Weak-value thermostat with 0.2 mK precision SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A new laser-based thermostat sensitive to 0.2 mK at room temperature is reported. The method utilizes a fluid-filled prism and interferometric weak-value amplification to sense nanoradian deviations of a laser beam: due to the high thermo-optic coefficient of the fluid (colorless fluorocarbon), the deviation angle through the prism is sensitive to temperature. We estimate the daily stability of our device to be 0.2 mK, which is limited by drifts in the apparatus, and the narrow 20 mK capture range is the price paid for the weak measurement. C1 [Egan, Patrick; Stone, Jack A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, JA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.stone@nist.gov NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 23 BP 4991 EP 4993 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 048WM UT WOS:000311943900062 PM 23202114 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Shelton, MP DelRio, FW Elzey, S Guha, S Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Shelton, Melanie P. DelRio, Frank W. Elzey, Sherrie Guha, Suvajyoti Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Quantifying dithiothreitol displacement of functional ligands from gold nanoparticles SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gold; Nanoparticle; Dithiothreitol; Bovine serum albumin; Polyethylene glycol; Ligand displacement; Thiol ID COLLOIDAL GOLD; DRUG-DELIVERY; ADSORPTION; KINETICS; PROTEIN; ACID; SIZE AB Dithiothreitol (DTT)-based displacement is widely utilized for separating ligands from their gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugates, a critical step for differentiating and quantifying surface-bound functional ligands and therefore the effective surface density of these species on nanoparticle-based therapeutics and other functional constructs. The underlying assumption is that DTT is smaller and much more reactive toward gold compared with most ligands of interest, and as a result will reactively displace the ligands from surface sites thereby enabling their quantification. In this study, we use complementary dimensional and spectroscopic methods to characterize the efficiency of DTT displacement. Thiolated methoxypolyethylene glycol (SH-PEG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were chosen as representative ligands. Results clearly show that (1) DTT does not completely displace bound SH-PEG or BSA from AuNPs, and (2) the displacement efficiency is dependent on the binding affinity between the ligands and the AuNP surface. Additionally, the displacement efficiency for conjugated SH-PEG is moderately dependent on the molecular mass (yielding efficiencies ranging from 60 to 80 % measured by ATR-FTIR and a parts per thousand 90 % by ES-DMA), indicating that the displacement efficiency for SH-PEG is predominantly determined by the S-Au bond. BSA is particularly difficult to displace with DTT (i.e., the displacement efficiency is nearly zero) when it is in the so-called normal form. The displacement efficiency for BSA improves to 80 % when it undergoes a conformational change to the expanded form through a process of pH change or treatment with a surfactant. An analysis of the three-component system (SH-PEG + BSA + AuNP) indicates that the presence of SH-PEG decreases the displacement efficiency for BSA, whereas the displacement efficiency for SH-PEG is less impacted by the presence of BSA. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Shelton, Melanie P.; DelRio, Frank W.; Elzey, Sherrie; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 111 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 404 IS 10 BP 3015 EP 3023 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6418-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 040GL UT WOS:000311310100024 PM 23104310 ER PT J AU Paranjpye, R Hamel, OS Stojanovski, A Liermann, M AF Paranjpye, Rohinee Hamel, Owen S. Stojanovski, Asta Liermann, Martin TI Genetic Diversity of Clinical and Environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains from the Pacific Northwest SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; TDH-RELATED-HEMOLYSIN; III SECRETION SYSTEM; UREASE-POSITIVE STRAINS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; RAW OYSTERS; WEST-COAST; TRH; GASTROENTERITIS AB Since 1997, cases of Vibrio parahaemolyticus-related gastroenteritis from the consumption of raw oysters harvested in Washington State have been higher than historical levels. These cases have shown little or no correlation with concentrations of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus (positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene, tdh) in oysters, although significant concentrations of tdh(+) V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from shellfish-growing areas in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). We compared clinical and environmental strains isolated from the PNW to those from other geographic regions within the United States and Asia for the presence of virulence-associated genes, including the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), the thermostable-related hemolysin (trh), urease (ureR), the pandemic group specific markers orf8 and toxRS, and genes encoding both type 3 secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2). The majority of clinical strains from the PNW were positive for tdh, trh, and ureR genes, while a significant proportion of environmental isolates were tdh(+) but trh negative. Hierarchical clustering grouped the majority of these clinical isolates into a cluster distinct from that including the pandemic strain RIMD2210633, clinical isolates from other geographical regions, and tdh(+), trh-negative environmental isolates from the PNW. We detected T3SS2-related genes (T3SS2 beta) in environmental strains that were tdh and trh negative. The presence of significant concentrations of tdh(+), trh-negative environmental strains in the PNW that have not been responsible for illness and T3SS2 beta in tdh- and trh-negative strains emphasizes the diversity in this species and the need to identify additional virulence markers for this bacterium to improve risk assessment tools for the detection of this pathogen. C1 [Paranjpye, Rohinee; Hamel, Owen S.; Stojanovski, Asta; Liermann, Martin] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Paranjpye, R (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM rohinee.paranjpye@noaa.gov OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211 FU NOAA West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This work was supported by the NOAA West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA. NR 58 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 78 IS 24 BP 8631 EP 8638 DI 10.1128/AEM.01531-12 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 038ZS UT WOS:000311213200016 PM 23042162 ER PT J AU Rehr, AP Small, MJ Bradley, P Fisher, WS Vega, A Black, K Stockton, T AF Rehr, Amanda P. Small, Mitchell J. Bradley, Patricia Fisher, William S. Vega, Ann Black, Kelly Stockton, Tom TI A Decision Support Framework for Science-Based, Multi-Stakeholder Deliberation: A Coral Reef Example SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Decision support framework; Environmental decision making; Environmental management; Multiple stakeholders; Elicitation; Scientific input; Valuation; Ecosystem services; DPSIR ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; FLORIDA-KEYS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; VALUATION; VALUES; PARTICIPATION; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM AB We present a decision support framework for science-based assessment and multi-stakeholder deliberation. The framework consists of two parts: a DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses) analysis to identify the important causal relationships among anthropogenic environmental stressors, processes, and outcomes; and a Decision Landscape analysis to depict the legal, social, and institutional dimensions of environmental decisions. The Decision Landscape incorporates interactions among government agencies, regulated businesses, non-government organizations, and other stakeholders. It also identifies where scientific information regarding environmental processes is collected and transmitted to improve knowledge about elements of the DPSIR and to improve the scientific basis for decisions. Our application of the decision support framework to coral reef protection and restoration in the Florida Keys focusing on anthropogenic stressors, such as wastewater, proved to be successful and offered several insights. Using information from a management plan, it was possible to capture the current state of the science with a DPSIR analysis as well as important decision options, decision makers and applicable laws with a the Decision Landscape analysis. A structured elicitation of values and beliefs conducted at a coral reef management workshop held in Key West, Florida provided a diversity of opinion and also indicated a prioritization of several environmental stressors affecting coral reef health. The integrated DPSIR/Decision landscape framework for the Florida Keys developed based on the elicited opinion and the DPSIR analysis can be used to inform management decisions, to reveal the role that further scientific information and research might play to populate the framework, and to facilitate better-informed agreement among participants. C1 S Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil Environm Engn & Engn Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Atlant Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res & Dev, S Environm Protect Agcy, Key West, FL 33040 USA. Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res & Dev, S Environm Protect Agcy, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Natl Risk Management Res Lab, LRPCD RRB, Res & Dev, S Environm Protect Agcy, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Rehr, Amanda P.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Small, Mitchell J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Small, Mitchell J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bradley, Patricia] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary,Off Res & Dev, Key West, FL 33040 USA. [Fisher, William S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Vega, Ann] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, LRPCD RRB, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Black, Kelly] Neptune & Co Inc, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Stockton, Tom] Neptune & Co Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rehr, AP (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM pearlgrl@gmail.com NR 77 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1204 EP 1218 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9941-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040BA UT WOS:000311292800019 PM 23052473 ER PT J AU Xie, ZH Zhang, Y Wu, HF AF Xie, Zhenhua Zhang, Ying Wu, H. Felix TI Automated Data Fusion and Visualization for Impact-Echo Testing of Concrete Structures SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Data fusion; depth spectrum; image segmentation; impact-echo (IE) test ID NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; BRIDGE DECKS; SEGMENTATION AB An automated data fusion and visualization process is developed for nondestructive evaluation and direct visualization of internal defects of concrete structures based on impact-echo testing using source-receiver arrays. In the process, the ratio between the amplitudes of major echo peaks in the frequency spectrum (after noise reduction) and the bottom echo signal is proposed as a feature parameter for data fusion. The fused results then go through image segmentation, which combines thresholding and region growing to extract defect regions for visualization. The effectiveness of the automated data fusion and visualization process is validated using both numerical simulation and experimental testing. C1 [Xie, Zhenhua; Zhang, Ying] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wu, H. Felix] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xie, ZH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zxie@gatech.edu; yzhang@gatech.edu; felix.wu@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Manuscript received January 27, 2012; revised May 9, 2012; accepted July 24, 2012. Date of publication July 27, 2012; date of current version November 2, 2012. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology under the Technology Innovation Program. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Kiseon Kim. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 12 IS 12 BP 3446 EP 3453 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2210705 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 040WY UT WOS:000311358000009 ER PT J AU Iadicola, MA Hu, L Rollett, AD Foecke, T AF Iadicola, M. A. Hu, L. Rollett, A. D. Foecke, T. TI Crystal plasticity analysis of constitutive behavior of 5754 aluminum sheet deformed along bi-linear strain paths SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes (NUMISHEET) CY AUG 21-26, 2011 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Technol Plast, Seoul Natl Univ, POSCO, Hyundai Steel, TATA Steel, GM Korea, AutoForm Engn BmbH, Quantech ATZ, JSOL Corp DE Aluminum alloy; Biaxial; Constitutive laws; Crystals; Diffraction; Experimental techniques; Hardening; Micro-mechanics; Microstructural; Plasticity; Relaxation; Stress strain; Tension; Uniaxial; Variable loading ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; METAL; DEFORMATION; AA5754; LOCALIZATION; PREDICTION; ALLOY AB Sheet specimens of aluminum alloy 5754 were deformed along a series of bi-linear, equal-biaxial and uniaxial, strain paths while simultaneously measuring stress-strain behavior. The Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent crystal plasticity model, which incorporates texture evolution, was used to simulate the flow stress and hardening behavior based in part on the measured crystallographic texture before deformation. The predicted crystallographic texture qualitatively captures the texture measured in the experiments. Including latent hardening of multiple slip planes allowed the model to explain the decrease in flow stress when changing from equal-biaxial to uniaxial deformation. However, the model captures neither the details of the drop in flow stress nor the magnitude of the plastic hardening after the change in deformation mode. This is likely due to room temperature recovery between the two segments of testing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Iadicola, M. A.; Foecke, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, L.; Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.iadicola@nist.gov RI Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 49 IS 25 SI SI BP 3507 EP 3516 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.03.015 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 042GR UT WOS:000311460200004 ER PT J AU Ilavsky, J Allen, AJ Levine, LE Zhang, F Jemian, PR Long, GG AF Ilavsky, Jan Allen, Andrew J. Levine, Lyle E. Zhang, Fan Jemian, Pete R. Long, Gabrielle G. TI High-energy ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering instrument at the Advanced Photon Source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bonse-Hart instruments; ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS); ultra-high small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) resolution AB This paper reports recent tests performed on the BonseHart-type ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) instrument at the Advanced Photon Source with higher-order reflection optics - Si(440) instead of Si(220) - and with X-ray energies greater than 20 keV. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of high-energy operation with narrower crystal reflectivity curves, which provides access to a scattering q range from similar to 2 x 10(-5) to 1.8 angstrom(-1) and up to 12 decades in the associated sample-dependent scattering intensity range. The corresponding size range of the scattering features spans about five decades - from less than 10 angstrom to similar to 15 mu m. These tests have indicated that mechanical upgrades are required to ensure the alignment capability and operational stability of this instrument for general user operations because of the tighter angular-resolution constraints of the higher-order crystal optics. C1 [Ilavsky, Jan; Long, Gabrielle G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Allen, Andrew J.; Levine, Lyle E.; Zhang, Fan; Long, Gabrielle G.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jemian, Pete R.] Argonne Natl Lab, APS Engn Support Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ilavsky, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ilavsky@aps.anl.gov RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant No. NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 45 BP 1318 EP 1320 DI 10.1107/S0021889812040022 PN 6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 040BC UT WOS:000311293100028 ER PT J AU Cote, J Roussel, JM Cam, S Bal, G Evanno, G AF Cote, J. Roussel, J. -M. Cam, S. Bal, G. Evanno, G. TI Population differences in response to hypoxic stress in Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; phenotypic plasticity; reaction norm; Salmo salar ID WILD BIRD POPULATION; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; AFRICAN CICHLID FISH; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; BROWN TROUT; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; REACTION NORMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE AB Understanding whether populations can adapt to new environmental conditions is a major issue in conservation and evolutionary biology. Aquatic organisms are increasingly exposed to environmental changes linked with human activities in river catchments. For instance, the clogging of bottom substratum by fine sediments is observed in many rivers and usually leads to a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations in gravel beds. Such hypoxic stress can alter the development and even be lethal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos that spend their early life into gravel beds. In this study, we used a common garden experiment to compare the responses to hypoxic stress of four genetically differentiated and environmentally contrasted populations. We used factorial crossing designs to measure additive genetic variation of early life-history traits in each population. Embryos were reared under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and we measured their survival, incubation time and length at the end of embryonic development. Under hypoxic conditions, embryos had a lower survival and hatched later than in normoxic conditions. We found different hypoxia reaction norms among populations, but almost no population effect in both treatments. We also detected significant sire x treatment interactions in most populations and a tendency for heritability values to be lower under stressful conditions. Overall, these results reveal a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in salmon populations that nevertheless differ in their adaptive potential to hypoxia given the distinct reaction norms observed between and within populations. C1 [Cote, J.; Roussel, J. -M.; Cam, S.; Bal, G.; Evanno, G.] INRA, UMR Ecol & Sante Ecosyst 985, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Cote, J.; Roussel, J. -M.; Cam, S.; Bal, G.; Evanno, G.] Agrocampus Ouest, UMR ESE, Rennes, France. [Bal, G.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Cote, J (reprint author), INRA, UMR Ecol & Sante Ecosyst 985, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM cote.jessica@wanadoo.fr FU Plan Loire Grandeur Nature [34108] FX We thank the following colleagues from INRA 'Unite Experimentale d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie Aquatique' for their help during experiments: D. Azam, M. Coke, P. Delaunay, A. Gallard, N. Jeannot, B. Joseph, C. Lacoste, F. Marchand, A. Quemeneur, C. Saget and J. Tremblay. We are also grateful to the following people who helped to capture Atlantic salmon or provided environmental data on the rivers studied: A. Baisez, D. Balestin, A. Bardonnet, D. Barracou, E. Bussy, R. Delanoe, P. Etchecopar, P. Gaudin, Y. Guilloux, M. Hoffman, D. Huteau, F. Lange, C. Lousto, Y. Moulia, P. Martin, Y. Moello, E. Prevost, J. Rancon and V. Vauclin. We thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. SLC was supported by a grant from Plan Loire Grandeur Nature (project no. 34108) to GE. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2596 EP 2606 DI 10.1111/jeb.12007 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 040CH UT WOS:000311296500019 PM 23107024 ER PT J AU Purcell, KM Hitch, A Martin, S Klerks, PL Leberg, PL AF Purcell, K. M. Hitch, A. Martin, S. Klerks, P. L. Leberg, P. L. TI The role of genetic structure in the adaptive divergence of populations experiencing saltwater intrusion due to relative sea-level rise SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; ecological genetics; population genetics; quantitative genetics ID MARSH VEGETATION TYPES; PARTIAL MANTEL TESTS; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; EASTERN MOSQUITOFISH; BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SALINITY TOLERANCE; ALLELE FREQUENCIES AB Saltwater intrusion into estuaries creates stressful conditions for nektonic species. Previous studies have shown that Gambusia affinis populations with exposure to saline environments develop genetic adaptations for increased survival during salinity stress. Here, we evaluate the genetic structure of G. affinis populations, previously shown to have adaptations for increased salinity tolerance, and determine the impact of selection and gene flow on structure of these populations. We found that gene flow was higher between populations experiencing different salinity regimes within an estuary than between similar marsh types in different estuaries, suggesting the development of saline-tolerant phenotypes due to local adaptation. There was limited evidence of genetic structure along a salinity gradient, and only some of the genetic variation among sites was correlated with salinity. Our results suggest limited structure, combined with selection to saltwater intrusion, results in phenotypic divergence in spite of a lack of physical barriers to gene flow. C1 [Purcell, K. M.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Purcell, K. M.; Hitch, A.; Martin, S.; Klerks, P. L.; Leberg, P. L.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Hitch, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Museum Wildlife & Fish Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Martin, S.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Apalachicola Field Lab, Eastpoint, FL USA. RP Purcell, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kevin@kevin-purcell.com RI Klerks, Paul/B-6135-2011; OI Klerks, Paul/0000-0001-9895-5144; Purcell, Kevin/0000-0001-6046-2774 FU Louisiana Board of Regents; United States Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program; EPA's STAR program [R-82942001]; Microsoft Corporation FX This research was funded by the Louisiana Board of Regents and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the EPA's STAR program through grant R-82942001 to the Louisiana Board of Regents, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The project would not have been possible without the assistance of K. Barr, G. Athrey, H. Oliver, B. Adams and J. Purcell and the valued input of two anonymous reviewers. Part of this work was carried out using the resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation. This research complies with all legal requirements and was conducted under IACUC # 2004-8717-031. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2623 EP 2632 DI 10.1111/jeb.12016 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 040CH UT WOS:000311296500021 PM 23116362 ER PT J AU Shenoy, SS Nanda, H Losche, M AF Shenoy, Siddharth S. Nanda, Hirsh Loesche, Mathias TI Membrane association of the PTEN tumor suppressor: Electrostatic interaction with phosphatidylserine-containing bilayers and regulatory role of the C-terminal tail SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PTEN phosphatase; PI3K pathway; Phosphatidylserine; Protein-membrane interaction; C2 domain ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GIANT UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; LIPID MEMBRANES; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE MONOLAYERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DOMAIN FORMATION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; FORCE-FIELD AB The phosphatidylinositolphosphate phosphatase PTEN is the second most frequently mutated protein in human tumors. Its membrane association, allosteric activation and membrane dissociation are poorly understood. We recently reported PTEN binding affinities to membranes of different compositions (Shenoy et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7, e32591) and a preliminary investigation of the protein-membrane complex with neutron reflectometry (NR). Here we use NR to validate molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the protein and study conformational differences of the protein in solution and on anionic membranes. NR shows that full-length PTEN binds to such membranes roughly in the conformation and orientation suggested by the crystal structure of a truncated PTEN protein, in contrast with a recently presented model which suggested that membrane binding depends critically on the SUMOylation of the CBR3 loop of PTEN's C2 domain. Our MD simulations confirm that PTEN is peripherally bound to the bilayer surface and show slight differences of the protein structure in solution and in the membrane-bound state, where the protein body flattens against the bilayer surface. PTEN's C2 domain binds phosphatidylserine (PS) tightly through its CBR3 loop, and its phosphatase domain also forms electrostatic interactions with PS. NR and MD results show consistently that PTEN's unstructured, anionic C-terminal tail is repelled from the bilayer surface. In contrast, this tail is tightly tugged against the C2 domain in solution, partially obstructing the membrane-binding interface of the protein. Arresting the C-terminal tail in this conformation by phosphorylation may provide a control mechanism for PTEN's membrane binding and activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shenoy, Siddharth S.; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU NIH [1P01 AG032131]; Department of Commerce [70NANB8H8009, 70NANB11H8139]; NSF [OCI-105357]; Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center [BIO110004P] FX We thank Dr. A.H. Ross for PTEN protein used in the NR experiments and Dr. D.J. Vanderah for the HC18 membrane anchor used in the stBLMs. We also thank Drs. A. Gericke and A.H. Ross for insightful discussions and for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by the NIH (1P01 AG032131) and the Department of Commerce (70NANB8H8009 and 70NANB11H8139). Beamtime at the NIST Center for Neutron Research is gratefully acknowledged. This study utilized computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the NIH (http://biowulf.nih.gov), the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by the NSF (OCI-105357) with computations performed at the NICS (http://www.nics.tennessee.edu/) and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (BIO110004P). NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 EI 1095-8657 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 180 IS 3 BP 394 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.10.003 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 042KV UT WOS:000311471000002 PM 23073177 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, JF Gallagher, KL Stefaniak, LM Nolan, R Shaw, MT Whitlatch, RB AF Reinhardt, James F. Gallagher, Kimberley L. Stefaniak, Lauren M. Nolan, Riley Shaw, Montgomery T. Whitlatch, Robert B. TI Material properties of Didemnum vexillum and prediction of tendril fragmentation SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONIAL ASCIDIANS; GEORGES-BANK; RECRUITMENT; COMMUNITIES; DISPERSAL; SURVIVORSHIP; REATTACHMENT; ABILITY; STRESS; TISSUE AB The colonial tunicate Didemnum vexillum has recently invaded the North American coast and has the potential to cause economic and ecological damage. One potential mechanism for adult D. vexillum colonies to disperse is fragmentation and subsequent reattachment to another substrate. To understand the life history and ecology of D. vexillum and obtain a first-order estimate of dispersal potential via fragmentation, (1) the basic material properties of D. vexillum sampled from two locations in southern New England were measured in two growth forms (i.e., encrusting and tendril forms); (2) summer calcium concentration was measured as a proxy for spicule densities; and (3) the environmental stress factor (ESF) of tendrils under various hydrodynamic circumstances (i.e., water velocities from 0.01 to 20 m s(-1)) was determined. Results show that D. vexillum colonies have high tensile strengths compared to other colonial tunicates. Colonies with higher calcium concentration tended to have greater elastic modulus (resistance to deformation). Calculations of ESF suggest that tidal currents are insufficient to cause fragmentation; however, wave-generated (in rare circumstances) and mechanical forces from vessels and trawl equipment may cause fragmentation. C1 [Reinhardt, James F.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gallagher, Kimberley L.; Stefaniak, Lauren M.; Nolan, Riley; Whitlatch, Robert B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Shaw, Montgomery T.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Reinhardt, JF (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Restorat Ctr, 1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM JamesFReinhardt@hotmail.com OI Reinhardt, James/0000-0003-4707-4026; Gallagher, Kimberley/0000-0001-5835-3608 FU University of Connecticut Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE); Quebec Labrador Fund/Sounds Conservancy; Connecticut Sea Grant College Program; US EPA STAR Program; EPA/Long Island Sound Study FX Funding was provided by the University of Connecticut Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), the Quebec Labrador Fund/Sounds Conservancy, the Connecticut Sea Grant College Program, and the US EPA STAR Program. JFR was supported by a fellowship from the EPA/Long Island Sound Study while the research was being carried out. Many thanks to divers and others who helped carry out this research, including Dave Hudson, Danielle Calini, and "SCUBA" Joe Mangiafico. Thanks to Frank Bohlen for use of the flume and to Mike Whitney, Liz Huett, and two reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 159 IS 12 BP 2875 EP 2884 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-2048-9 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 043IG UT WOS:000311535500021 ER PT J AU Tang, Y Ojha, VN Schlamminger, S Rufenacht, A Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Tang, Y. Ojha, V. N. Schlamminger, S. Ruefenacht, A. Burroughs, C. J. Dresselhaus, P. D. Benz, S. P. TI A 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard and its applications for voltage metrology SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID SERIES ARRAY; JUNCTIONS; CONVERTER; CONSTANT AB The concept of a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) was first proposed in 1997. Since then a significant amount of research and development work has been devoted to the fabrication of the programmable Josephson junction array and its deployment in a voltage standard system. This paper reports the recent development of a 10 V PJVS system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and its voltage metrology applications. The superior stability of the voltage step of the new 10 V PJVS enables it to perform the same tasks as the conventional Josephson voltage standard (JVS) that uses hysteretic voltage steps and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a JVS direct comparison. For the first time, a comparison between a conventional JVS and the NIST 10 V PJVS was performed in order to verify the performance of the NIST 10 V PJVS. The mean difference between the two systems at 10 V was found to be -0.49 nV with a combined standard uncertainty of 1.32 nV (k = 1) or a relative combined standard uncertainty of 1.32 parts in 10(10). Automatic comparisons between the 10 V PJVS and a 2.5 V PJVS at 1.018 V were performed to monitor the long term accuracy and stability of the 2.5 V PJVS and to support the NIST electronic kilogram experiment. By matching the voltages of the two PJVS systems during a comparison, the type B uncertainty can be minimized to a negligible level. The difference between the two PJVS at 1.018 V was found to be -0.38 nV with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.68 nV (k = 1) or a relative combined standard uncertainty of 6.7 parts in 10(10). Issues encountered during the PJVS comparison and potential challenges for 10 V applications are also discussed. C1 [Tang, Y.; Schlamminger, S.] US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ojha, V. N.] Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. [Ruefenacht, A.; Burroughs, C. J.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Benz, S. P.] US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tang, Y (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/6/635 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 041YW UT WOS:000311439100006 ER PT J AU Jiang, Z Palinkas, V Arias, FE Liard, J Merlet, S Wilmes, H Vitushkin, L Robertsson, L Tisserand, L Dos Santos, FP Bodart, Q Falk, R Baumann, H Mizushima, S Makinen, J Bilker-Koivula, M Lee, C Choi, IM Karaboce, B Ji, W Wu, Q Ruess, D Ullrich, C Kostelecky, J Schmerge, D Eckl, M Timmen, L Le Moigne, N Bayer, R Olszak, T Agren, J Del Negro, C Greco, F Diament, M Deroussi, S Bonvalot, S Krynski, J Sekowski, M Hu, H Wang, LJ Svitlov, S Germak, A Francis, O Becker, M Inglis, D Robinson, I AF Jiang, Z. Palinkas, V. Arias, F. E. Liard, J. Merlet, S. Wilmes, H. Vitushkin, L. Robertsson, L. Tisserand, L. Dos Santos, F. Pereira Bodart, Q. Falk, R. Baumann, H. Mizushima, S. Makinen, J. Bilker-Koivula, M. Lee, C. Choi, I. M. Karaboce, B. Ji, W. Wu, Q. Ruess, D. Ullrich, C. Kostelecky, J. Schmerge, D. Eckl, M. Timmen, L. Le Moigne, N. Bayer, R. Olszak, T. Agren, J. Del Negro, C. Greco, F. Diament, M. Deroussi, S. Bonvalot, S. Krynski, J. Sekowski, M. Hu, H. Wang, L. J. Svitlov, S. Germak, A. Francis, O. Becker, M. Inglis, D. Robinson, I. TI The 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters 2009: the first Key Comparison (CCM.G-K1) in the field of absolute gravimetry SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN; DIFFRACTION CORRECTION AB The 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG2009) took place at the headquarters of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) from September to October 2009. It was the first ICAG organized as a key comparison in the framework of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM MRA) (CIPM 1999). ICAG2009 was composed of a Key Comparison (KC) as defined by the CIPM MRA, organized by the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) and designated as CCM.G-K1. Participating gravimeters and their operators came from national metrology institutes (NMIs) or their designated institutes (DIs) as defined by the CIPM MRA. A Pilot Study (PS) was run in parallel in order to include gravimeters and their operators from other institutes which, while not signatories of the CIPM MRA, nevertheless play important roles in international gravimetry measurements. The aim of the CIPM MRA is to have international acceptance of the measurement capabilities of the participating institutes in various fields of metrology. The results of CCM.G-K1 thus constitute an accurate and consistent gravity reference traceable to the SI (International System of Units), which can be used as the global basis for geodetic, geophysical and metrological observations of gravity. The measurements performed afterwards by the KC participants can be referred to the international metrological reference, i.e. they are SI-traceable. The ICAG2009 was complemented by a number of associated measurements: the Relative Gravity Campaign (RGC2009), high-precision levelling and an accurate gravity survey in support of the BIPM watt balance project. The major measurements took place at the BIPM between July and October 2009. Altogether 24 institutes with 22 absolute gravimeters(32) and nine relative gravimeters participated in the ICAG/RGC campaign. This paper is focused on the absolute gravity campaign. We review the history of the ICAGs and present the organization, data processing and the final results of the ICAG2009. After almost thirty years of hosting eight successive ICAGs, the CIPM decided to transfer the responsibility for piloting the future ICAGs to NMIs, although maintaining a supervisory role through its Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities. C1 [Jiang, Z.; Arias, F. E.; Robertsson, L.; Tisserand, L.] Int Bur Weights & Measures BIPM, Sevres, France. [Palinkas, V.; Kostelecky, J.] Res Inst Geodesy Topog & Cartog VUGTK RIGTC, Zdiby, Czech Republic. [Liard, J.] Nat Resources Canada NRCan, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Merlet, S.; Dos Santos, F. Pereira; Bodart, Q.] UPMC, CNRS, Observ Paris, Lab Natl Metrol & Essais Syst Reference,LNE SYRTE, Paris, France. [Wilmes, H.; Falk, R.] Bundesamt Kartog & Geodasie BKG, Frankfurt, Germany. [Baumann, H.] Fed Off Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Mizushima, S.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol NMIJ AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Makinen, J.; Bilker-Koivula, M.] Finnish Geodet Inst, Masala, Finland. [Lee, C.] Ctr Measurement Stand, Ind Technol Res Inst CMS ITRI, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Choi, I. M.] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. [Karaboce, B.] Ulusal Metrol Enstitusu UME TUBITAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. [Ji, W.; Wu, Q.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ruess, D.; Ullrich, C.] Fed Off Metrol & Surveying BEV, Vienna, Austria. [Schmerge, D.; Eckl, M.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Timmen, L.] Leibniz Univ Hannover IfE LUH, Hannover, Germany. [Le Moigne, N.; Bayer, R.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, Geosci Montpellier UMR 5243, Montpellier, France. [Olszak, T.] Warsaw Univ Technol SGGA WUT, Dept Geodesy & Geodet Astron, Warsaw, Poland. [Agren, J.] Geodet Res Div Lantmateriet, Lantmateriet Swedish Mapping Cadastre & Registry, Gavle, Sweden. [Diament, M.; Deroussi, S.] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Phys Globe, UMR CNRS 7154, F-75013 Paris, France. [Bonvalot, S.] Univ Toulouse UPS CNRS IRD CNES, Bur Gravimetr Int, Toulouse, France. [Krynski, J.; Sekowski, M.] Inst Geodesy & Cartog, Geodesy & Geodynam Dept IGC, Warsaw, Poland. [Hu, H.; Wang, L. J.; Svitlov, S.] Max Planck Inst Sci Light MPL, Erlangen, Germany. [Germak, A.] Natl Inst Metrol Res INRiM, Turin, Italy. [Francis, O.] Univ Luxembourg, Fac Sci Technol & Commun, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Becker, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt IPGD, Inst Phys Geodesy, Darmstadt, Germany. [Vitushkin, L.] All Russian D I Mendeleev Res Inst Metrol VNIIM, St Petersburg, Russia. [Inglis, D.] Natl Res Council Canada NRC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Robinson, I.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Hu, H.; Wang, L. J.] Tsinghua Univ, Joint Inst Measurement Sci JMI, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), Int Bur Weights & Measures BIPM, Sevres, France. EM zjiang@bipm.org; vojtech.palinkas@pecny.cz RI Diament, Michel/F-8553-2010; Del Negro, Ciro/K-3451-2013; Germak, Alessandro/E-9685-2011; BONVALOT, Sylvain/F-8410-2014; OI Germak, Alessandro/0000-0003-4985-9118; Greco, Filippo/0000-0002-0265-5073; Del Negro, Ciro/0000-0001-5734-9025 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 666 EP 684 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/6/666 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 041YW UT WOS:000311439100009 ER PT J AU Woods, SI Jung, TM Ly, GT Yu, J AF Woods, S. I. Jung, T. M. Ly, G. T. Yu, J. TI Broadband emissivity calibration of highly reflective samples at cryogenic temperatures SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETER AB We have developed a technique for measuring the broadband optical emissivity of high reflectivity samples at cryogenic temperatures. This measurement method employs a primary standard optical detector with high absorptance from visible wavelengths to beyond 200 mu m. Background subtraction and quantification allow determination of the emissivity with total absolute uncertainty (k = 1) between approximately 0.0002 and 0.002 (for emissivities between 0.0035 and 0.092) over the temperature range from 80 K to 300 K. Using the irradiance data at the detector, precise measurements of the experimental geometry and diffraction calculations, the optical power emitted by the sample can be determined. Contact thermometry measurements for the sample can then be used to find its emissivity. The emissivity calibration technique is demonstrated for large plate samples made from polished stainless steel and is also extended to calculate the separate emissivities of multiple distinct regions on a more complex sample assembly. C1 [Woods, S. I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, T. M.; Ly, G. T.] Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Yu, J.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Woods, SI (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM solomon.woods@nist.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/6/737 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 041YW UT WOS:000311439100015 ER PT J AU White, M Smid, M Porrovecchio, G AF White, Malcolm Smid, Marek Porrovecchio, Geiland TI Realization of an accurate and repeatable wavelength scale for double subtractive monochromators SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB We present the results and discussion of two methods for achieving a higher degree of wavelength accuracy of double grating monochromators. In particular, we assessed the benefits of using differential evolution curve fitting techniques to minimize wavelength uncertainties associated with the manufacture of lead screws in sine-bar driven monochromators. Absolute wavelength-scale uncertainties better than +/- 0.1 nm can be realized using this technique. We also report the realization of an accurate and repeatable wavelength scale, using a novel calibration technique, that is applicable to a wide range of monochromators. We present results demonstrating the robustness of the technique by realizing an absolute wavelength scale, across four grating sets from 250 nm to 1600 nm, with scale uncertainties within +/- 0.02 nm and repeatable to +/- 0.005 nm. C1 [White, Malcolm] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smid, Marek; Porrovecchio, Geiland] LFM, Czech Metrol Inst, Prague 5, Czech Republic. [White, Malcolm] NPL, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP White, M (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM m.white@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 779 EP 784 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/6/779 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 041YW UT WOS:000311439100020 ER PT J AU Gillis, KA AF Gillis, Keith A. TI Second-order boundary corrections to the radial acoustic eigenvalues for a spherical cavity SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID RESONATORS; CONSTANT AB We calculated the eigenvalues of the radially symmetric acoustic modes of a gas-filled, spherical cavity to order (delta(t)/alpha)(2), where delta(t) is the thickness of the thermal boundary layer and alpha is the radius of the cavity. Our results explain an anomaly revealed by high-precision acoustic measurements made to redetermine the Boltzmann constant. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillis, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/6/L21 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 041YW UT WOS:000311439100001 ER PT J AU Attard, CRM Beheregaray, LB Jenner, KCS Gill, PC Jenner, MN Morrice, MG Robertson, KM Moller, LM AF Attard, Catherine R. M. Beheregaray, Luciano B. Jenner, K. Curt S. Gill, Peter C. Jenner, Micheline-Nicole Morrice, Margaret G. Robertson, Kelly M. Moeller, Luciana M. TI Hybridization of Southern Hemisphere blue whale subspecies and a sympatric area off Antarctica: impacts of whaling or climate change? SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE admixture; Balaenoptera musculus; biodiversity conservation; endangered species; microsatellite DNA; population genetics ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; FIN WHALE; HUMPBACK WHALE; MARINE MAMMALS; BALEEN WHALES; OCEAN AB Understanding the degree of genetic exchange between subspecies and populations is vital for the appropriate management of endangered species. Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) have two recognized Southern Hemisphere subspecies that show differences in geographic distribution, morphology, vocalizations and genetics. During the austral summer feeding season, the Antarctic blue whale (B.m.intermedia) is found in polar waters and the pygmy blue whale (B. m. brevicauda) in temperate waters. Here, we genetically analyzed samples collected during the feeding season to report on several cases of hybridization between the two recognized blue whale Southern Hemisphere subspecies in a previously unconfirmed sympatric area off Antarctica. This means the pygmy blue whales using waters off Antarctica may migrate and then breed during the austral winter with the Antarctic subspecies. Alternatively, the subspecies may interbreed off Antarctica outside the expected austral winter breeding season. The genetically estimated recent migration rates from the pygmy to Antarctic subspecies were greater than estimates of evolutionary migration rates and previous estimates based on morphology of whaling catches. This discrepancy may be due to differences in the methods or an increase in the proportion of pygmy blue whales off Antarctica within the last four decades. Potential causes for the latter are whaling, anthropogenic climate change or a combination of these and may have led to hybridization between the subspecies. Our findings challenge the current knowledge about the breeding behaviour of the world's largest animal and provide key information that can be incorporated into management and conservation practices for this endangered species. C1 [Attard, Catherine R. M.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Beheregaray, Luciano B.; Moeller, Luciana M.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Jenner, K. Curt S.; Jenner, Micheline-Nicole] Ctr Whale Res, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia. [Gill, Peter C.; Morrice, Margaret G.] Deakin Univ, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. [Gill, Peter C.; Morrice, Margaret G.] Blue Whale Study, Narrawong, Vic 3285, Australia. [Robertson, Kelly M.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Attard, CRM (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM catherine.r.attard@gmail.com OI Beheregaray, Luciano/0000-0003-0944-3003 FU Australian Marine Mammal Centre within the Australian Antarctic Division; Macquarie University in Australia; Australian Defence Department; Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities within the Australian Federal Government FX This study was funded by the Australian Marine Mammal Centre within the Australian Antarctic Division, and Macquarie University in Australia. Sampling off Antarctica was conducted during the International Decade of Cetacean Research (IDCR) and Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research (SOWER) programmes of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) (Southwest Fisheries Science Center sample identification numbers 7336-7337, 7340-7342, 7619-7623, 11162-11166, 13944-13953, 26573-26578, 26580-26594, 51449-51472, 51474-51488, 62474-62509, 72893-72977, 88253-88261). Sampling off Australia was mainly conducted during a study programme funded by the Australian Defence Department and the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities within the Australian Federal Government. The Dolphin Research Institute Ltd and Applied Ecology Solutions Pty Ltd provided stranded whale samples in Australia. Permits were supplied by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities within the Australian Federal Government (permit numbers 2009-0003, 2008-0001, 2007-0006, E2003-48230, E2002-00029, P1995/041), the Department of Sustainability and Environment within the Victorian State Government (permit numbers 10004901, 10004770, 10004017) and the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources within the South Australian State Government (permit number M25746). Biopsy sampling off Australia was under animal ethics approval from the Department of Environment and Conservation Animal Ethics Committee (approval numbers 2010/23, 30/2008, 2005/21, CAEC/01/2002, CAEC/14/2000), Deakin University Animal Welfare Committee (approval numbers A63/2008, A19/2006) or Macquarie University Animal Research Authority (approval number 2008/017). We thank Aimee L. Lang, Eric I. Archer and Trevor A. Branch for reviewing a draft of the manuscript, and Paula A. Olson for her input as head of blue whale photo-identification from IWC IDCR/SOWER cruises. We also thank Stephen R. Palumbi and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 87 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 9 U2 198 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 21 IS 23 BP 5715 EP 5727 DI 10.1111/mec.12025 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 041JV UT WOS:000311399000010 PM 23137299 ER PT J AU Nalewajko, K Begelman, MC AF Nalewajko, Krzysztof Begelman, Mitchell C. TI The effect of poloidal velocity shear on the local development of current-driven instabilities SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE instabilities; MHD; plasmas; galaxies: jets ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITIES; FORCE-FREE JETS; KINK INSTABILITY; DOMINATED JETS; PARTICLE BEAMS; STABILITY; FLOWS; ACCELERATION; LAYER AB We perform a local (short-wavelength) linear stability analysis of an axisymmetric column of magnetized plasma with a nearly toroidal magnetic field and a smooth poloidal velocity shear by perturbing the equations of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. We identify two types of unstable modes, which we call exponential and overstable, respectively. The exponential modes are present in the static equilibria and their growth rates decrease with increasing velocity shear. The overstable modes are driven by the effects of velocity shear and dominate the exponential modes for sufficiently high shear values. We argue that these local instabilities can provide an important energy dissipation mechanism in astrophysical relativistic jets. Strong comoving velocity shear arises naturally in the magnetic acceleration mechanism, therefore it may play a crucial role in converting Poynting-flux-dominated jets into matter-dominated jets, regulating the global acceleration and collimation processes, and producing the observed emission of blazars and gamma-ray bursts. C1 [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nalewajko, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM knalew@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF [AST-0907872]; NASA ATP [NNX09AG02G] FX We thank the anonymous reviewer for providing helpful remarks, Sean O'Neill for his comments on the manuscript and Dmitri Uzdensky for discussions. This work was partly supported by NSF grant AST-0907872 and NASA ATP grant NNX09AG02G. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 427 IS 3 BP 2480 EP 2486 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22117.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 041PX UT WOS:000311414800048 ER PT J AU Deng, Z Smolyanitsky, A Li, QY Feng, XQ Cannara, RJ AF Deng, Zhao Smolyanitsky, Alex Li, Qunyang Feng, Xi-Qiao Cannara, Rachel J. TI Adhesion-dependent negative friction coefficient on chemically modified graphite at the nanoscale SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; LATERAL STIFFNESS; CONTACT; ENERGY AB From the early tribological studies of Leonardo da Vinci to Amontons' law, friction has been shown to increase with increasing normal load. This trend continues to hold at the nanoscale, where friction can vary nonlinearly with normal load(1,2). Here we present nanoscale friction force microscopy (FFM) experiments for a nanoscale probe tip sliding on a chemically modified graphite surface in an atomic force microscope (AFM). Our results demonstrate that, when adhesion between the AFM tip and surface is enhanced relative to the exfoliation energy of graphite, friction can increase as the load decreases under tip retraction. This leads to the emergence of an effectively negative coefficient of friction in the low-load regime. We show that the magnitude of this coefficient depends on the ratio of tip-sample adhesion to the exfoliation energy of graphite. Through both atomistic-and continuum-based simulations, we attribute this unusual phenomenon to a reversible partial delamination of the topmost atomic layers, which then mimic few- to single-layer graphene. Lifting of these layers with the AFM tip leads to greater deformability of the surface with decreasing applied load. This discovery suggests that the lamellar nature of graphite yields nanoscale tribological properties outside the predictive capacity of existing continuum mechanical models. C1 [Deng, Zhao; Cannara, Rachel J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deng, Zhao] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smolyanitsky, Alex] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Li, Qunyang; Feng, Xi-Qiao] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Aerosp, Dept Engn Mech, Ctr Nano & Micro Mech,Appl Mech Lab, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Deng, Z (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rachel.cannara@nist.gov RI Li, Qunyang/A-2368-2011; Cannara, Rachel/C-9128-2013; Feng, Xi-Qiao/A-1696-2009; Deng, Zhao/B-6555-2016 OI Li, Qunyang/0000-0002-6865-3863; Cannara, Rachel/0000-0002-2984-5475; Feng, Xi-Qiao/0000-0001-6894-7979; FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the Univeristy of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11272177]; Thousand Young Talents Program [20121770071]; 973 Program [2010CB631005, 2012CB934101, 2012CB933003] FX The authors thank F.Sharifi for providing invaluable insights regarding this work, and K. Steffens for XPS measurements. We further thank R. Carpick, C. Righi and J. Killgore for stimulating discussions. N. Faralli created the rendering software used to visualize the molecular dynamics simulations, Z.D. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the Univeristy of Maryland. This research was performed while A.S. held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship at NIST. Q.L. and X-Q.F. acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11272177), the Thousand Young Talents Program (20121770071) and the 973 Program 2010CB631005, 2012CB934101 and 2012CB933003. NR 23 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 17 U2 220 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1032 EP 1037 DI 10.1038/NMAT3452 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 041WO UT WOS:000311432600021 PM 23064494 ER PT J AU Pirtle, JL Ibarra, SN Eckert, GL AF Pirtle, Jodi L. Ibarra, Sonia N. Eckert, Ginny L. TI Nearshore subtidal community structure compared between inner coast and outer coast sites in Southeast Alaska SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Community structure; Benthic habitat; Environmental variability; North Pacific; Subarctic ID NEW-ZEALAND FJORD; FRESH-WATER; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DANISH ESTUARIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUBTFUL SOUND; KELP; VARIABILITY AB Processes that structure subarctic marine communities, particularly in glaciated regions, are not well understood. This understanding is needed as a baseline and to manage these communities in the face of future climate-driven changes. This study investigates two coastal regions of Southeast Alaska with the goals to (a) identify and compare patterns of subtidal community structure for macroalgal, fish, macroinvertebrate (> 5 cm), and small epibenthic invertebrate (< 5 cm) communities between inner coast and outer coast sites and (b) link patterns of community structure to habitat and environmental parameters. Species assemblage and benthic habitat data were used to compare species diversity and community composition at 6 m and 12 m depths at nine inner coast and nine outer coast sites. Multivariate analysis was applied to reduce environmental variables to major gradients, to resolve community structure, and to relate community structure to habitat and environmental variables. Increased salinity and decreased temperature at outer coast sites compared with inner coast sites were associated with community structure, with greater species diversity at outer coast sites at 6 m depth. Invertebrate community composition was associated with benthic habitat, including crust and coralline algae for macroinvertebrates, and algal cover and substrate for small epibenthic invertebrates. This research suggests that marine communities in glaciated regions are strongly influenced by freshwater input and that future climate-driven changes in freshwater input will likely result in marine community composition changes. C1 [Pirtle, Jodi L.; Ibarra, Sonia N.; Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Ibarra, Sonia N.] Univ Alaska SE, Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Pirtle, JL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, NOAA, UNH Joint Hydrog Ctr, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jpirtle@ccom.unh.edu FU American Association of Underwater Sciences Kathy Johnston Scholarship; Professional Association of Diving Instructors Project AWARE Foundation; National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates Program at the University of Alaska Southeast (NSF) [0553000] FX We thank the following individuals who assisted with diving and field research: B. Bechtol, J. Granneman, S. Tamone, and especially D. Okamoto. D. Gordon, E. Coonradt, M. Preston, C. Brylinsky and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in Sitka provided logistical support and an introduction to Sitka Sound. T. Quinn, J. Reynolds, B. Tissot, D. Woodby, and anonymous reviewers provided input and critical reviews of the manuscript. This project was funded by the American Association of Underwater Sciences Kathy Johnston Scholarship and the Professional Association of Diving Instructors Project AWARE Foundation, and supported by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates Program at the University of Alaska Southeast (NSF grant #0553000). NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1889 EP 1910 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1231-2 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 035ZC UT WOS:000310992200011 ER PT J AU Gorham, JM Nguyen, T Bernard, C Stanley, D Holbrook, RD AF Gorham, Justin M. Tinh Nguyen Bernard, Coralie Stanley, Debbie Holbrook, R. David TI Photo-induced surface transformations of silica nanocomposites SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE silica nanoparticles; nanocomposites; environmental; surface analysis; UV degradation ID A DIGLYCIDYL ETHER; SHORT WAVELENGTHS; PHENOXY RESINS; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; OXYGEN; PHOTOOXIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; PHOTOPRODUCTS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The photo-induced, physicochemical surface transformations to silica nanoparticle (SiNP) - epoxy composites have been investigated. The silica nanocomposites (SiNCs) were prepared using a two-part epoxy system with a 10% mass fraction of SiNPs and exposed to varying doses of high intensity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation at wavelengths representative of the solar spectrum at sea level (290 nm to 400 nm) under constant temperature and humidity. Visibly apparent physical modifications to the SiNC surface were imaged with scanning electron microscopy. Surface pitting and cracking became more apparent with increased UV exposure. Elemental and surface chemical characterization of the SiNCs was accomplished through X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed changes to the epoxy's structure. During short UV exposures, there was an increase in the epoxy's overall oxidation, which was accompanied by a slight rise in the silicon and oxygen components and a decrease in overall carbon content. The initial carbon components (e.g. aliphatic, aromatic and alcohol/ether functionalities) decreased and more highly oxidized functional groups increased until sufficiently long exposures at which point the surface composition became nearly constant. At long exposure times, the SiNC's silicon concentration increased to form a surface layer composed of approximately 75% silica (by mass). Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Gorham, Justin M.; Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Tinh Nguyen; Bernard, Coralie; Stanley, Debbie] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Gorham, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM justin.gorham@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X FU National Research Council FX JMG would like to acknowledge the National Research Council for funding his postdoctoral fellowship. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 44 IS 13 BP 1572 EP 1581 DI 10.1002/sia.5075 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 041LM UT WOS:000311403300004 ER PT J AU Duewer, DL Gasca-Aragon, H Lippa, KA Toman, B AF Duewer, David L. Gasca-Aragon, Hugo Lippa, Katrice A. Toman, Blaza TI Experimental design and data evaluation considerations for comparisons of reference materials SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance-Metrology in Chemistry; Degree of equivalence; Generalized distance regression; Metrological comparability; Metrological equivalence; Reference function; Reference material ID UNCERTAINTY; REGRESSION AB The analysis of reference materials (RMs) can help assess the equivalence of chemical measurement processes. When two or more RMs are available for a given measurand, confidently establishing the equivalence of measurement processes requires the RMs to be capable of yielding equivalent results. Evaluating the degrees of equivalence among RMs that differ in analyte quantity and perhaps matrix composition requires an approach other than that used to assess results for samples of a single material. We have more than a decade of experience with an approach that compares the assigned values of RMs to a simple linear model of the relationship between those values and measurement results ideally made under repeatability conditions. In addition to accessing the metrological equivalence of specific RMs, the equivalence of the value-assignment capabilities of the organizations that issue the RMs can also be accessed. This report summarizes our experience with the design of and analysis of studies using this approach and provides numeric and graphical tools for estimating degrees of equivalence. We divide the required tasks into four steps: (1) design, (2) measurement, (3) definition of a reference function, and (4) estimation of degrees of equivalence. We regard the experimental design and measurement tasks as most critical to the eventual utility of the comparison, since creative mathematics cannot fully compensate for poor planning or erratic measurements. C1 [Duewer, David L.; Gasca-Aragon, Hugo; Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gasca-Aragon, Hugo] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Toman, Blaza] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@nist.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 17 IS 6 BP 567 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s00769-012-0920-4 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 038UL UT WOS:000311199500002 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Suzuki, S AF Manzello, Samuel L. Suzuki, Sayaka TI The new and improved NIST Dragon's LAIR (Lofting and Ignition Research) facility SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Firebrands; WUI Fires; Ignition ID HIGH WINDS; FUEL BEDS; FIREBRANDS; FIRES; BUSHFIRES; FLIGHT AB Several studies suggest that the firebrands are a major cause of structural ignition of WildlandUrban Interface fires in USA and Australia. For 40?years, past firebrand studies have focused on how far firebrands fly and do not assess the vulnerabilities of structures to ignition from firebrand showers. The development of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Dragon has allowed the quantification of structure ignition vulnerabilities of full-scale building assemblies. Full-scale tests are necessary to highlight vulnerabilities of structures to ignition under firebrand attack, whereas bench-scale test methods afford the capability to test new firebrand-resistant technologies and may serve as the basis for new standard testing methodologies. To this end, the present investigation was undertaken to construct a new and improved Dragon's Lofting and Ignition Research facility. This entailed removing the NIST Baby Dragon from the wind tunnel facility and inserting the new and improved NIST continuous feed Baby Dragon. The unique feature of the continuous feed Baby Dragon, over the current NIST Baby Dragon, is the capability to produce a constant firebrand shower in order to expose building materials to continual firebrand bombardment. The efficacy of the new experimental facility to determine ignition regime maps of building materials exposed to wind-driven firebrand showers is presented. Specifically, ignition regime maps are presented as a function of continuous firebrand generation rate, wind tunnel speed, and cedar moisture content. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Suzuki, Sayaka] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [IAA HSHQDZ-10-X-00288]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The staff of the EL-NIST Large Fire Laboratory is acknowledged for their excellent assistance with the experimental campaign (Dr. Matthew F. Bundy-Supervisor; Mr. Laurean DeLauter, Mr. Anthony Chakalis, and Mrs. Doris Rinehart-Engineering Technicians). Mr. John R. Shields of EL-NIST is acknowledged for assisting in constructing the Firebrand Generator used for these experiments. Mr. Edward Hnetkovsky of EL-NIST is acknowledged for assisting in gate fabrication. The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDZ-10-X-00288 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 36 IS 8 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1002/fam.1123 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 035WD UT WOS:000310981800003 ER PT J AU Botta, S Hohn, AA Macko, SA Secchi, ER AF Botta, Silvina Hohn, Aleta A. Macko, Stephen A. Secchi, Eduardo R. TI Isotopic variation in delphinids from the subtropical western South Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE delphinids; stable isotopes; trophic level; habitat use; western South Atlantic ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PACIFIC KILLER WHALES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MARINE MAMMALS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; CETACEA DELPHINIDAE; FEEDING-HABITS; SHELF FRONT; CARBON AB A dual stable isotope approach (delta C-13 and delta N-15) was used to investigate inter-and intra-specific variations in feeding ecology and habitat use of 7 delphinids from coastal/estuarine, continental shelf and offshore marine environments from southern Brazil: Tursiops sp., Orcinus orca, Stenella frontalis, Steno bredanensis, Delphinus delphis, Pseudorca crassidens and Lagenodelphis hosei. Teeth from 50 specimens acquired from stranded animals were analysed in this study. Tursiops sp. and O. orca are the most coastal species, and had the highest delta C-13 values followed by the continental shelf species S. frontalis, S. bredanensis and D. delphis. Lagenodelphis hosei showed the lowest delta C-13 value, demonstrating its typical offshore habitat. One group of P. crassidens had the lowest delta N-15 values, indicating their low trophic level feeding habit while two specimens of the same species showed the highest mean nitrogen isotope value. This first study on stable isotope values of delphinids from southern Brazil provides substantial new information about the trophic ecology, habitat use and feeding environments of these animals. C1 [Botta, Silvina; Secchi, Eduardo R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Inst Oceanog, Lab Tartarugas & Mamiferos Marinhos, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Hohn, Aleta A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Macko, Stephen A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Botta, S (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande FURG, Inst Oceanog, Lab Tartarugas & Mamiferos Marinhos, Cx P 474, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. EM silbotta@yahoo.com RI Secchi, Eduardo/D-5038-2013; Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Secchi, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-9909; Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 FU Yaqu Pacha Foundation (Germany); Society of Marine Mammalogy (United States of America); Cetacean Society International (United States of America); Museu Oceanografico/Fundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (MO-FURG, Brazil); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq (Brazil) [PQ 305219/2008-1, 141668/2007-5, SWE 201247/2009-7] FX We are indebted to all of the researchers and volunteers from the LTMM-IO-FURG and LMM-MORG and to Lilia Fidelix for helping to collect data on stranded delphinids along Rio Grande do Sul. We would like to thank the Yaqu Pacha Foundation (Germany), the Society of Marine Mammalogy (United States of America), Cetacean Society International (United States of America) and Museu Oceanografico/Fundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (MO-FURG, Brazil) for financial or logistical support to this project. The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq (Brazil) provided scholarships to E. R. Secchi (PQ 305219/2008-1) and to S. B. (141668/2007-5 and SWE 201247/2009-7). This article is part of Silvina Botta's PhD thesis in Biological Oceanography (Post-Graduate Course in Biological Oceanography-IO-FURG, RS, Brazil) and is a contribution of the Research Group Ecologia e Conservacao da Megafauna Marinha-EcoMega/CNPq. NR 98 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 24 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 92 IS 8 SI SI BP 1689 EP 1698 DI 10.1017/S0025315411000610 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 032PP UT WOS:000310731600007 ER PT J AU Fedchak, JA Defibaugh, DR AF Fedchak, James A. Defibaugh, Dana R. TI Accurate conductance measurements of a pinhole orifice using a constant-pressure flowmeter SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Rarefied gas flow; Circular orifice; Low gas flow; Flowmeter; Gas flow standard ID GAS-FLOW MEASUREMENT; VACUUM; TUBES AB A pinhole orifice with a known conductance can be used as a secondary flow standard. Commercially available laser-drilled pinhole orifices with diameters ranging from 1.0 mu m to 50 mu m can have molecular-flow conductances ranging from about 0.1 mu L/s to 200 mu L/s for N-2 at 23 degrees C. Gas flows of 10(-11)-10(-6) mol/s can easily be produced by applying an upstream pressure in the range of 1-10(5) Pa. Accurate measurements of the orifice conductance as a function of pressure are required to use the pinhole orifice as a basis of a flowmeter. We use a constant-pressure flowmeter to make accurate measurements of the conductance of a 20 mu m orifice as a function of pressure for gas flows of Ar and N-2 into vacuum. We present results of these conductance measurements for an orifice with a nominal diameter of 20 mu m. The N-2 conductance of this orifice ranged from 30 mu L/s to 60 mu L/s over the range of pressures investigated, and was measured with an uncertainty of better than 0.2% (k = 2) for upstream pressures greater than 10 Pa. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fedchak, James A.; Defibaugh, Dana R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fedchak, JA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.fedchak@nist.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD DEC PY 2012 VL 45 IS 10 BP 2449 EP 2451 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.10.046 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 036HI UT WOS:000311016600026 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Gelany, SA Eltawil, AA AF Olson, Douglas A. Gelany, Shaker A. Eltawil, Alaaeldin A. TI Use of a higher order Heydemann-Welch model to characterize a controlled clearance piston gauge SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Controlled clearance piston gauge; Piston gauge; Pressure standard; Primary pressure standard ID MPA AB We present a new method for characterizing a controlled-clearance piston gauge as a primary pressure standard. This method requires operating the piston gauge to jacket pressures of over 80% of the system pressure. We present measurements on a hydraulic piston gauge with a 290 MPa maximum pressure and a nominal piston diameter of 3.27 mm. Measurements showed that the cylinder becomes stiffer as the jacket pressure increases, and that non-linear models of the Heydemann-Welch parameters improve the determination of the effective area. The relative standard uncertainty in the effective area of the piston gauge ranges from 16.0 x 10(-6) to 17.6 x 10(-6), and the agreement to the present NIST pressure scale is within the standard uncertainty. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, Douglas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gelany, Shaker A.; Eltawil, Alaaeldin A.] Natl Inst Stand, Giza, Egypt. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM douglas.olson@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD DEC PY 2012 VL 45 IS 10 BP 2469 EP 2471 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.10.047 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 036HI UT WOS:000311016600031 ER PT J AU Bates, ML Griffies, SM England, MH AF Bates, Michael L. Griffies, Stephen M. England, Matthew H. TI A dynamic, embedded Lagrangian model for ocean climate models. Part I: Theory and implementation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Numerical model; Overflow; Density flow; Convection; Embedded; Lagrangian model; Blobs ID GRAVITY CURRENT ENTRAINMENT; AVAILABLE POTENTIAL-ENERGY; TILTED CONVECTIVE PLUMES; SPECTRAL ELEMENT MODEL; DEEP CONVECTION; Z-COORDINATE; TURBULENT ENTRAINMENT; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; WATER AB A framework for embedding a Lagrangian model within ocean climate models that employ horizontal Eulerian grids is presented. The embedded Lagrangian model can be used to explicitly represent processes that are at the subgrid scale to the Eulerian model. The framework is applied to open ocean deep convection and gravity driven downslope flows, both of which are subgridscale in the present generation of level coordinate ocean climate models. In order to apply the embedded Lagrangian framework to these processes, it is necessary to partition the mass and momentum of the model into an Eulerian system and a Lagrangian system. This partitioning allows the Lagrangian model to transport seawater using a more appropriate set of dynamics. A number of schemes suitable for implementation in the embedded Lagrangian model are derived. Two dynamically passive schemes are derived that emulate existing parameterisations and two dynamically active schemes are also derived that evolve Lagrangian parcels of water (termed "blobs") according to a set of physical equations. Some details of the implementation into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Modular Ocean Model are also given. Finally, results are presented that show that the dynamically passive schemes are able to emulate their Eulerian counterparts to within roundoff error in idealised test cases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bates, Michael L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bates, Michael L.; England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Bates, ML (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM m_bates@mit.edu; stephen.griffies@noaa.gov; m.england@unsw.edu.au RI England, Matthew/A-7539-2011; OI England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; Bates, Michael/0000-0002-3729-1417 FU NCI National Facility at the ANU; Australian Research Council; ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems; ARC Network for Earth System Science FX Sincere thanks go to Alistair Adcroft for a number of enlightening and very helpful discussions. Thanks also go to the staff at GFDL for hosting MLB several times during the study, and also to Trever McDougall for hosting MLB and SMG at CSIRO Hobart during the first half of 2011. We appreciate the input of Sonya Legg and Mehmet Ilicak, whose helpful comments improved the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge the constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers, whose input improved the manuscript. This work was supported by an award under the Merit Allocation Scheme on the NCI National Facility at the ANU. This study was supported by the Australian Research Council. MLB is grateful for support from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems and the ARC Network for Earth System Science. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59-60 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.05.004 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 034AT UT WOS:000310843200005 ER PT J AU Bates, ML Griffies, SM England, MH AF Bates, Michael L. Griffies, Stephen M. England, Matthew H. TI A dynamic, embedded Lagrangian model for ocean climate models, Part II: Idealised overflow tests SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Numerical model; Overflow; Density flow; Embedded Lagrangian model; Blobs ID BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATION; COARSE-RESOLUTION MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; Z-COORDINATE; SLOPING BOTTOM; ENTRAINMENT; CIRCULATION; REPRESENTATION; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY AB Dense gravity current overflows occur in several regions throughout the world and are an important process in the meridional overturning circulation. Overflows are poorly represented in coarse resolution level coordinate ocean climate models. Here, the embedded Lagrangian model formulated in the companion paper of Bates et al. (2012) is used in two idealised test cases to examine the effect on the representation of dense gravity driven plumes, as well as the effect on the circulation of the bulk ocean in the Eulerian model. The results are compared with simulations with no parameterisation for overflows, as well as simulations that use traditional hydrostatic overflow schemes. The use of Lagrangian "blobs" is shown to improve three key characteristics that are poorly represented in coarse resolution level coordinate models: (1) the depth of the plume, (2) the along slope velocity of the plume, and (3) the response of the bulk ocean to the bottom boundary layer. These improvements are associated with the more appropriate set of dynamics satisfied by the blobs, leading to a more physically sound representation. Experiments are also conducted to examine sensitivity to blob parameters. The blob parameters are examined over a large parameter space. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bates, Michael L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bates, Michael L.; England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Bates, ML (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM m_bates@mit.edu; stephen.griffies@noaa.gov; m.england@unsw.edu.au RI England, Matthew/A-7539-2011; OI England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; Bates, Michael/0000-0002-3729-1417 FU NCI National Facility at the ANU; Australian Research Council; ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems; ARC Network for Earth System Science FX Thanks to Sonya Legg for making herself available to answer questions about the DOME test case. Thanks go to Trever McDougall for hosting MLB and SMG at CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research in Hobart during the first half of 2011. We wish to thank Sonya Legg and Mehmet Ilicak for their helpful comments which improved this manuscript. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments which improved the manuscript. This work was supported by an award under the Merit Allocation Scheme on the NCI National Facility at the ANU. This study was supported by the Australian Research Council. MLB is grateful for support from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems and the ARC Network for Earth System Science. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 59-60 BP 60 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.08.003 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 034AT UT WOS:000310843200006 ER PT J AU Pinsky, ML Fogarty, M AF Pinsky, Malin L. Fogarty, Michael TI Lagged social-ecological responses to climate and range shifts in fisheries SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WORLD FISHERIES; MARINE; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEMS; ECONOMICS; IMPACTS AB While previous research has documented marine fish and invertebrates shifting poleward in response to warming climates, less is known about the response of fisheries to these changes. By examining fisheries in the northeastern United States over the last four decades of warming temperatures, we show that northward shifts in species distributions were matched by corresponding northward shifts in fisheries. The proportion of warm-water species caught in most states also increased through time. Most importantly, however, fisheries shifted only 10-30 % as much as their target species, and evidence suggested that economic and regulatory constraints played important roles in creating these lags. These lags may lead to overfishing and population declines if not accounted for in fisheries management and climate adaptation. In coupled natural-human systems such as fisheries, human actions play important roles in determining the sustainability of the system and, therefore, future conservation and climate mitigation planning will need to consider not only biophysical changes, but also human responses to these changes and the feedbacks that these responses have on ecosystems. C1 [Pinsky, Malin L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Fogarty, Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pinsky, ML (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM pinsky@princeton.edu RI Pinsky, Malin/K-2884-2015 OI Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952 FU David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship Program FX We thank Andrew Applegate for help understanding the red hake fishery, Mary Ruckelshaus and Peter Kareiva for insightful conversations during the development of this manuscript, and the many scientists, economists, and others who collected the bottom trawl and fisheries landings data analyzed in this paper. M. L. P. was supported by the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship Program. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 123 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2012 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 883 EP 891 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0599-x PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 032TI UT WOS:000310741600025 ER PT J AU Hatch, LT Clark, CW Van Parijs, SM Frankel, AS Ponirakis, DW AF Hatch, Leila T. Clark, Christopher W. Van Parijs, Sofie M. Frankel, Adam S. Ponirakis, Dimitri W. TI Quantifying Loss of Acoustic Communication Space for Right Whales in and around a U.S. National Marine Sanctuary SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endangered species; marine protected area; marine spatial planning; underwater noise ID CONTACT CALLS; NOISE; INCREASES AB The effects of chronic exposure to increasing levels of human-induced underwater noise on marine animal populations reliant on sound for communication are poorly understood. We sought to further develop methods of quantifying the effects of communication masking associated with human-induced sound on contact-calling North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in an ecologically relevant area (similar to 10,000 km(2)) and time period (peak feeding time). We used an array of temporary, bottom-mounted, autonomous acoustic recorders in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary to monitor ambient noise levels, measure levels of sound associated with vessels, and detect and locate calling whales. We related wind speed, as recorded by regional oceanographic buoys, to ambient noise levels. We used vessel-tracking data from the Automatic Identification System to quantify acoustic signatures of large commercial vessels. On the basis of these integrated sound fields, median signal excess (the difference between the signal-to-noise ratio and the assumed recognition differential) for contact-calling right whales was negative (-1 dB) under current ambient noise levels and was further reduced (-2 dB) by the addition of noise from ships. Compared with potential communication space available under historically lower noise conditions, calling right whales may have lost, on average, 63-67% of their communication space. One or more of the 89 calling whales in the study area was exposed to noise levels >= 120 dB re 1 mu Pa by ships for 20% of the month, and a maximum of 11 whales were exposed to noise at or above this level during a single 10-min period. These results highlight the limitations of exposure-threshold (i.e., dose-response) metrics for assessing chronic anthropogenic noise effects on communication opportunities. Our methods can be used to integrate chronic and wide-ranging noise effects in emerging ocean-planning forums that seek to improve management of cumulative effects of noise on marine species and their habitats. C1 [Hatch, Leila T.] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean Serv, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Clark, Christopher W.; Ponirakis, Dimitri W.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Frankel, Adam S.] Marine Acoust Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hatch, LT (reprint author), NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean Serv, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. EM leila.hatch@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-1029]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program FX This work was supported by an Office of Naval Research grant (number N00014-07-1-1029) awarded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program to C. W. C., L. T. H., and S. V. P. We thank K. Cortopassi, P. Dugan, H. Figueroa, D. Hawthorne, L. Strickland, and C. Tremblay, D. Wiley, M. Thompson, B. Cabe, D. Cholewiak, D. Risch, J. Stanistreet, S. Mussoline, W. T. Ellison, and D. Zeddies for their assistance with field work, data analyses, and help with acoustic concepts. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 10 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 983 EP 994 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01908.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033LQ UT WOS:000310798400006 PM 22891747 ER PT J AU Klaer, NL Wayte, SE Fay, G AF Klaer, Neil L. Wayte, Sally E. Fay, Gavin TI An evaluation of the performance of a harvest strategy that uses an average-length-based assessment method SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Management strategy evaluation; Harvest strategy; Fishing mortality; Average length; Data-poor ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; SOUTH-EAST FISHERY; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA AB The average length of the catch has long been used as a simple indicator of stock condition. Previous studies have evaluated the fishery conditions and species' biological characteristics where such an indicator performs best. This study uses a management strategy evaluation framework to test the combination of an average-length-based assessment with a target- and limit-based harvest control rule in terms of achieving specific long-term management objectives. Results show that the average-length-based harvest strategy performs acceptably well for typical Australian demersal temperate trawl species with relatively high productivity. It is essential that the assessment takes the variability in length-at-age into account for this harvest strategy to work effectively. Crown Copyright (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Klaer, Neil L.; Wayte, Sally E.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, CSIRO Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Fay, Gavin] NOAA Fisheries NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Klaer, NL (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, CSIRO Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, POB 1538, Hobart, Tas, Australia. EM neil.klaer@csiro.au OI Klaer, Neil/0000-0002-5178-2490 FU Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry as part of the Reducing Uncertainty in Stock Status project FX The authors thank our CSIRO colleagues Malcolm Haddon, Richard Hillary and Cathy Dichmont for their useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry as part of the Reducing Uncertainty in Stock Status project. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 134 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.08.010 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 033SO UT WOS:000310821600006 ER PT J AU Cope, JM Punt, AE AF Cope, Jason M. Punt, Andre E. TI Reconciling stock assessment and management scales under conditions of spatially varying catch histories (vol 107, pg 22, 2011) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Cope, Jason M.; Punt, Andre E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Cope, Jason M.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.cope@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 134 BP 133 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.09.010 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 033SO UT WOS:000310821600015 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Giambelluca, TW AF Diaz, Henry F. Giambelluca, Thomas W. TI Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns associated with high and low rainfall regimes in the Hawaiian Islands region on multiple time scales SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Hawai'i rainfall; Seasonal to multi-decadal variability; Characteristic patterns of anomalous large-scale circulation; Climatic changes ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL BELT; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTIONS; PRECIPITATION; EXTREMES AB We examine a suite of climate variables in the North Pacific associated with different temporal scales of dry and wet episodes in the Hawaiian Islands. The goal is to ascertain whether varying the length in the occurrence of such events from seasonal to multi-decadal results from different ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns over the North Pacific region. We find that as the dryness period lengthens, the spatial scale of the anomalies widens, but the characteristics of the anomalous circulation fields exhibit elements evident at each time scale. At the longest (multi-decadal) time scales during the wet season (November-April), the major anomalous circulation features associated with above (below) average rainfall in Hawaii are a strengthening (weakening) of the North Pacific mid-latitude westerlies associated with a strengthened (weakened) Aleutian Low system, a slight weakening (strengthening) of the northeast trade winds, with anomalous northerly (southerly) component to the south of the Islands, together with diminished (enhanced) precipitation across most of the tropical North Pacific. During the summer dry season (May-October) a characteristic pattern that is evident at different time scales during drier than normal periods is a strengthening of the trade winds to the south of the Islands, with sinking motion extending from the latitude of Hawaii eastward to Central America. Conversely, wet summers are associated with generally weaker trades to the south with a tendency for anomalous southwesterly component. We also consider possible changes in the relationship of Hawaiian rainfall to changes in the Pacific-Decadal Oscillation (PDO) but conclude that the record is too short to establish the significance of any changes in an overall negative correlation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov OI Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Program Office under its Climate Change and Data Detection program [NA09OAR4310103]; Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC) [12200-A-J027] FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Program Office under its Climate Change and Data Detection program (award number NA09OAR4310103), and by a grant from the Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC; award number 12200-A-J027). We are especially grateful to Abby Frazier for her assistance in developing the rainfall data set. We also thank the reviewers for their constructive suggestions. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 2012 VL 98-99 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.08.011 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 034HC UT WOS:000310862500010 ER PT J AU Bishop, D Pardo, F Bolle, C Giles, R Aksyuk, V AF Bishop, David Pardo, Flavio Bolle, Cris Giles, Randy Aksyuk, Vladimir TI Silicon Micro-Machines for Fun and Profit SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Silicon micromachines; MEMS; Optical switching; Vortices; NSOM ID MEMS AB Over the last decade or so a group of us, while working at Bell Labs, have been able to develop a large number of silicon micromachines for a wide range of applications. In this article, which is part of a special volume to celebrate the career of Professor Francis Gasparini who is an old friend and colleague, we review the devices we have been able to build and discuss their applications. These applications range from scientific experiments looking at single vortex dynamics and the observation of the Casimir effect to technological applications such as a large, all-optical switch. In this article we make the point that MEMS devices and VLSI processing are the "New Physics Machine Shop". C1 [Bishop, David] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Pardo, Flavio; Bolle, Cris; Giles, Randy] Alcatel Lucent, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. [Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bishop, D (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Div Mat Sci & Engn, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM djb1@bu.edu OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 169 IS 5-6 BP 386 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0654-z PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 033VU UT WOS:000310830300010 ER PT J AU Turan, MS AF Turan, Meltem Soenmez TI On the nonlinearity of maximum-length NFSR feedbacks SO CRYPTOGRAPHY AND COMMUNICATIONS-DISCRETE-STRUCTURES BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS AND SEQUENCES LA English DT Article DE Nonlinearity; NFSR; Stream ciphers; Cryptography AB Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) are the main building block of many classical stream ciphers; however due to their inherent linearity, most of the LFSR-based designs do not offer the desired security levels. In the last decade, using Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers (NFSRs) in stream ciphers became very popular. However, the theory of NFSRs is not well-understood, and there is no efficient method that constructs a cryptographically strong feedback function and also, given a feedback function it is hard to predict the period. In this paper, we study the maximum-length NFSRs, focusing on the nonlinearity of their feedback functions. First, we provide some upper bounds on the nonlinearity of the maximum-length feedback functions, and then we study the feedback functions having nonlinearity 2 in detail. We also show some techniques to improve the nonlinearity of a given feedback function using cross-joining. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turan, MS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM meltem.turan@nist.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-2447 EI 1936-2455 J9 CRYPTOGR COMMUN JI Cryptogr. Commun. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s12095-012-0067-5 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA V30YL UT WOS:000208851200006 ER PT J AU Lillibridge, J Bonekamp, H Willis, J Bonnefond, P AF Lillibridge, John Bonekamp, Hans Willis, Josh Bonnefond, Pascal TI Special Issue: OSTM/Jason-2 Applications-Part 3 Preface SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lillibridge, John] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. [Bonekamp, Hans] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Willis, Josh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bonnefond, Pascal] Geoazur Observ Cote Azur, Grasse, France. RP Lillibridge, J (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 35 SU 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1080/01490419.2012.721634 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 066RT UT WOS:000313238600001 ER PT J AU Masters, D Nerem, RS Choe, C Leuliette, E Beckley, B White, N Ablain, M AF Masters, D. Nerem, R. S. Choe, C. Leuliette, E. Beckley, B. White, N. Ablain, M. TI Comparison of Global Mean Sea Level Time Series from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2 SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Global mean sea level; climate data record; altimetry; interannual variability ID ALTIMETER DATA; TOPEX; BUDGET; TIDES; RISE; MISSIONS AB In the interest of improving the sea level climate data record, we compare the 19-year global mean sea level (GMSL) time series derived from TOPEX-Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2 and produced by different research institutions. The GMSL time series are each produced using varying techniques and different applied corrections, and subsequently, the time series exhibit unique characteristics and sensitivity to seasonal and interannual signals. We find that the different applied corrections affect the time series variability much less than the technique for computing the GMSL from along-track versus gridded sea surface height anomalies and the choice of a minimum depth criteria. C1 [Masters, D.; Nerem, R. S.; Choe, C.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Leuliette, E.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Beckley, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [White, N.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res & Wealth Oce, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Ablain, M.] CLS, Ramonville St Agne, France. RP Masters, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, 431UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dallas.masters@colorado.edu RI Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010 OI Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039 FU NASA; GSFC; NOAA; CNES; CLS; CSIRO FX This work was supported by two grants from NASA (Ocean Surface Topography Science Team and the MEaSUREs Project). Additional support from GSFC, NOAA, CNES, CLS, and CSIRO is also acknowledged. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 35 SU 1 SI SI BP 20 EP 41 DI 10.1080/01490419.2012.717862 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 066RT UT WOS:000313238600003 ER PT J AU Tong, P Louca, D Wang, GY Liaw, PK Yokoyama, Y Llobet, A Kawaji, H Qiu, YM Shi, YF AF Tong, Peng Louca, Despina Wang, Gongyao Liaw, Peter K. Yokoyama, Yoshihiko Llobet, Anna Kawaji, Hiroshi Qiu, Yiming Shi, Yunfeng TI Structural Irreversibility and Enhanced Brittleness under Fatigue in Zr-Based Amorphous Solids SO METALS LA English DT Article DE local structure; compression fatigue; dynamics; VDOS attenuation AB The effect of fatigue on ZrCuAl amorphous metals induced by mechanical cyclic loading is investigated using inelastic neutron scattering and the pair density function analysis of neutron diffraction data. With cooling, the local atomic structure undergoes reorganization under fatigue that is directly related to the number of fatigue cycles. Also under fatigue, suppression in the atomic dynamics is observed as well. A structural restructuring occurs within a 4 angstrom radius and intensifies with increasing the compression cycles, whereas the vibrational density of states is attenuated as the intensity shifts towards the elastic, zero-energy transfer peak. The combined static and dynamic structural effects are a signature of the microscopic changes brought about by fatigue, and together may be the onset for subsequent behaviors following extended cyclic loading such as fracture. Even after the load is removed, the structural changes described here remain and increase with repeated cyclic loading which is an indication that the lattice deforms even before shear bands are formed. C1 [Tong, Peng; Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Tong, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Key Lab Mat Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Wang, Gongyao; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. [Yokoyama, Yoshihiko] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Llobet, Anna] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kawaji, Hiroshi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. [Qiu, Yiming] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Yiming] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shi, Yunfeng] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM tongpeng@issp.ac.cn; louca@virginia.edu; gwang@utk.edu; pliaw@utk.edu; yy@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; allobet@lanl.gov; kawaji@msl.titech.ac.jp; yiming.qiu@nist.gov; shiy2@rpi.edu RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0804801, DMR-0909037, CMMI-0900271, 1100080, DMR-0944772]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The work at the University of Virginia is supported by the National Science Foundation, under contract DMR-0804801, at the University of Tennessee under contracts DMR-0909037, CMMI-0900271 and 1100080, and at NIST, DCS is supported under contract DMR-0944772. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2075-4701 J9 METALS-BASEL JI Metals PD DEC PY 2012 VL 2 IS 4 BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.3390/met2040529 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA V34QB UT WOS:000209099800008 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Linteris, GT Meier, OC AF Babushok, Valeri I. Linteris, Gregory T. Meier, Oliver C. TI Combustion properties of halogenated fire suppressants SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Fire suppressants; Fire suppression; FM-200; Novec 1230; HFC 125; CF3Br ID METHANE-AIR MIXTURES; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; FLAMMABILITY LIMIT; BURNING VELOCITY; INHIBITION; FLAMES; TEMPERATURE; VESSEL; CF3H AB Previous experimental studies have shown that some halogenated fire suppressant agents added to hydrocarbon-air systems can enhance the combustion. For example, their addition to the air stream can widen the flammability limits of lean mixtures, and increase the maximum explosion pressure for constant volume combustion. To explore the experimentally observed combustion enhancement, the combustion properties of pure mixtures of fire suppressants and air/oxygen were studied. Adiabatic combustion temperatures, ignition delays and burning velocities were calculated for several typical fluorinated fire suppressant agents (CF3H, C2F5H, C3F7H and C3F7COC2F5) in mixtures with air, and CF3Br and CF3I in air and oxygen. Calculated burning velocities are in the range 0.37-2.5 cm/s at initial temperature 400 K (stoichiometric air mixtures of CF3H, C2F5H, C3F7H, C3F7COC2F5, 1 bar). The results show that the fluorinated agents possess sufficient energy to participate in combustion processes, and can support combustion with burning velocities which should be measurable (for some of the systems) at slightly elevated initial temperatures. Simulated ignition delays for C3F7H and C3F7COC2F5 are shorter than for propane for the analyzed range of temperature (1000-1500 K), and those for C2F5H/air mixtures are comparable with propane in a lower temperature range (1000-1250 K). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Babushok, Valeri I.; Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meier, Oliver C.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vbabushok@nist.gov FU Boeing Company FX Helpful discussions with Don Burgess are gratefully acknowledged. The work was supported by the Boeing Company. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 2012 VL 159 IS 12 BP 3569 EP 3575 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.07.005 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 031QI UT WOS:000310656600011 ER PT J AU Yeon, J Kim, SH Green, MA Bhatti, KP Leighton, C Halasyamani, PS AF Yeon, Jeongho Kim, Sang-Hwan Green, Mark A. Bhatti, Kanwal Preet Leighton, C. Halasyamani, P. Shiv TI Syntheses, crystal structures, and characterization of two new Tl+-Cu2+-Te6+ oxides: Tl4CuTeO6 and Tl6CuTe2O10 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thallium; Crystal structures; Magnetic interactions; Oxides ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TELLURATE; STATES AB Crystals and polycrystalline powders of two new oxide materials, Tl4CuTeO6 and Tl6CuTe2O10, have been synthesized by hydrothermal and solid-state methods. The materials were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Tl4CuTeO6 and Tl6CuTe2O10 exhibit one dimensional anionic slabs of [CuTeO6](4-) and [CuTe2O10](6-), respectively. Common to both slabs is the occurrence of Cu2+O4 distorted squares and Te6+O6 octahedra. The slabs are separated by Tl+ cations. For Tl4CuTeO6, magnetic measurements indicate a maximum at similar to 8 K in the temperature dependence of the susceptibility. Low temperature neutron diffraction data confirm no long-range magnetic ordering occurs and the susceptibility was adequately accounted for by fits to a Heisenberg alternating chain model. For Tl6CuTe2O10 on the other hand, magnetic measurements revealed paramagnetism with no evidence of long-range magnetic ordering. Infrared, UV-vis spectra, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analyses are also reported. Crystal data: Tl4CuTeO6, Triclinic, space group P-1 (No. 2), a=5.8629(8) angstrom, b=8.7848(11) angstrom, c=9.2572(12)angstrom, alpha=66.0460(10), beta=74.2010(10), gamma=79.254(2). V=417.70(9) angstrom(3), and Z=2; Tl6CuTe2O10, orthorhombic, space group Pnma (No. 62), a=10.8628(6) angstrom, b=11.4962(7) angstrom. c=10.7238(6) angstrom, V=1339.20(13) angstrom(3), and Z=4. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeon, Jeongho; Kim, Sang-Hwan; Halasyamani, P. Shiv] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhatti, Kanwal Preet; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halasyamani, PS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, 136 Fleming Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM psh@uh.edu RI Halasyamani, P. Shiv/A-8620-2009; Halasyamani, Shiv/J-3438-2014 OI Halasyamani, Shiv/0000-0003-1787-1040 FU Robert A. Welch Foundation [E-1457]; Texas Center for Superconductivity; International Centre for Diffraction; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46275] FX JY, S-HK, and PSH thank the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant E-1457) and the Texas Center for Superconductivity for support. JY thanks the International Centre for Diffraction Data for 2011 Ludo Frevel Crystallography Scholarship Award. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Work at UMN, specifically the magnetic characterization, was supported by DOE under DE-FG02-06ER46275. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 196 BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.07.012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 028AF UT WOS:000310394500087 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Li, QL Yuan, H Baumgart, H Ioannou, DE Richter, CA AF Zhu, Hao Li, Qiliang Yuan, Hui Baumgart, Helmut Ioannou, Dimitris E. Richter, Curt A. TI Self-aligned multi-channel silicon nanowire field-effect transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Self-alignment; Nanowire field-effect transistor; Multi-channel nanowire FET; Voltage tolerance ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; GROWTH AB Si nanowire field effect transistors (SiNW FETs) with multiple nanowire channels and different gate lengths have been fabricated by using a directed assembly approach combined with a standard photolithographic process. The electrical characteristics of SiNW FETs containing different numbers of nanowire channels were measured and compared. The multi-channel SiNW FETs show excellent performance: small subthreshold slope (approximate to 75 mV/dec), large ON/OFF ratio (approximate to 10(8)), good break-down voltage (>30 V) and good carrier mobility (mu(p) approximate to 100 cm(2) V(-1)s(-1)). These excellent device properties were achieved by using a clean self-alignment process and an improved device structure with Schottky barriers at the source and drain contacts. Such high-performance multi-nanowire FETs are attractive for logic, memory, and sensor applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Li, Qiliang; Yuan, Hui; Ioannou, Dimitris E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Li, Qiliang; Yuan, Hui; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baumgart, Helmut] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Li, QL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu; curt.richter@nist.gov RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 78 SI SI BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2012.05.058 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 013OB UT WOS:000309313600017 ER PT J AU Tallmon, DA Waples, RS Gregovich, D Schwartz, MK AF Tallmon, David A. Waples, Robin S. Gregovich, Dave Schwartz, Michael K. TI Detecting population recovery using gametic disequilibrium-based effective population size estimates SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Effective population size; Genetic monitoring; Population recovery; Population trend ID PROGRAM AB Recovering populations often must meet specific growth rate or abundance targets before their legal status can be changed from endangered or threatened. While the efficacy, power, and performance of population metrics to infer trends in declining populations has received considerable attention, how these same metrics perform when populations are increasing is less clear. We examined the ability of a one-sample effective population size (N (e) ) estimator (LDNe) to discriminate between stable and increasing population trends across varying sample and initial population sizes. The performance of LDNe was compared to the Lincoln-Peterson (LP) abundance (N) estimator. The ability to identify stable and increasing populations varied widely across sample sizes and number of generations between sequentially collected samples, but LDNe outperformed LP. One-sample N (e) estimates show promise as an efficient method of detecting population increase when samples of 60-120 individuals are collected 5-10 generations apart. C1 [Tallmon, David A.; Gregovich, Dave] Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Tallmon, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM david.tallmon@uas.alaska.edu RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0423641]; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0553768]; University of California; Santa Barbara; State of California FX This work was conducted as part of the 'Working Group on Genetic Monitoring: Development of Tools for Conservation and Management' (PIs Fred Allendorf and Mike Schwartz) supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF #EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara and the State of California. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 987 EP 989 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9689-3 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 023IX UT WOS:000310027200039 ER PT J AU Methratta, ET Link, JS AF Methratta, Elizabeth T. Link, Jason S. TI Feeding hotspots for four northwest Atlantic groundfish species SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE consumption; continental shelf; ecosystem-based fisheries management; essential fish habitat; food web dynamics; Georges Bank; Gulf of Maine; Southern New England; vital rate ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES-BANK REGION; FISH COMMUNITY; AREA CURVES; HOT-SPOTS; PREDATION; GULF; CONSUMPTION; SCALE; ECOSYSTEM AB We used predator distribution and stomach content data to estimate the annual per capita rate of consumption for four representative predator species from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, and considered how consumption is influenced by depth, bottom salinity, sediment grain size, location variables, and species-specific diet components. We found that geographic variables and species-specific prey resources were significantly associated with consumption rates, a pattern consistent with predator-prey theory. Prey categories comprised of fish were particularly important for a more mobile predator (silver hake Merluccius bilinearis), whereas benthic invertebrate prey were consistently important for a more sedentary predator (little skate Raja erinacea). Hotspots in consumption rates that overlap with particular prey resources were highlighted by the significance of location variables (longitude) for winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, silver hake, little skate, and sea raven Hemitripterus americanus. Depth was an important explanatory factor for consumption by little skate, but the explanatory value of abiotic habitat factors was low for the other three species. Greater emphasis on species-specific food habits, migratory patterns, and ecological interactions at the synoptic scales relevant to fisheries is needed for fisheries management. C1 [Methratta, Elizabeth T.; Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Methratta, ET (reprint author), Versar Inc, Ecol Sci & Applicat, 9200 Rumsey Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM lmethratta@versar.com FU National Research Council (USA) FX We acknowledge the efforts of all those at the NEFSC who have contributed to the planning and execution of the bottom trawl surveys. We thank the NEFSC staff for their dedicated work in auditing and maintaining the bottom trawl survey database. This work was supported in part by a postdoctoral research associateship awarded by the National Research Council (USA) to ETM. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1710 EP 1721 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss124 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 021IE UT WOS:000309877700002 ER PT J AU Hare, JA Manderson, JP Nye, JA Alexander, MA Auster, PJ Borggaard, DL Capotondi, AM Damon-Randall, KB Heupel, E Mateo, I O'Brien, L Richardson, DE Stock, CA Biegel, ST AF Hare, Jonathan A. Manderson, John P. Nye, Janet A. Alexander, Michael A. Auster, Peter J. Borggaard, Diane L. Capotondi, Antonietta M. Damon-Randall, Kimberly B. Heupel, Eric Mateo, Ivan O'Brien, Loretta Richardson, David E. Stock, Charles A. Biegel, Sarah T. TI Cusk (Brosme brosme) and climate change: assessing the threat to a candidate marine fish species under the US Endangered Species Act SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; endangered species; fisheries; habitat fragmentation; modelling; species niche ID SURFACE HEAT-FLUX; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SCOTIAN SHELF; ASSESSING RISK; EXTINCTION; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; MODELS; TRENDS; DEPTH AB In the Northwest Atlantic Ocean cusk (Brosme brosme) has declined dramatically, primarily as a result of fishing activities. These declines have led to concern about its status, which has prompted reviews under the US Endangered Species Act and the Canadian Species at Risk Act. Changes in distribution and abundance of a number of marine fish in the Northwest Atlantic have been linked to climate variability and change, suggesting that both fishing and climate may affect the status of cusk. Our goal was to evaluate potential effects of climate change on Northwest Atlantic cusk distribution. Coupling a species niche model with the output from an ensemble of climate models, we projected cusk distribution in the future. Our results indicate cusk habitat in the region will shrink and fragment, which is a result of a spatial mismatch between high complexity seafloor habitat and suitable temperature. The importance of habitat patch connectivity for cusk is poorly understood, so the population-level consequences of climate-related habitat fragmentation are uncertain. More broadly, climate change may reduce appropriate thermal habitat and increase habitat fragmentation for other cold-water species in the region; thereby, increasing the potential for regional overexploitation and extirpation. C1 [Hare, Jonathan A.; Richardson, David E.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. [Manderson, John P.] NOAA NMFS NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Nye, Janet A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Capotondi, Antonietta M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Auster, Peter J.; Heupel, Eric] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.; Heupel, Eric] Univ Connecticut, NE Underwater Res Technol & Educ Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Sea Res Fdn Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Borggaard, Diane L.; Damon-Randall, Kimberly B.; Mateo, Ivan; Biegel, Sarah T.] NOAA NMFS NE Reg Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [O'Brien, Loretta] NOAA NMFS NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stock, Charles A.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU National Marine Sanctuary Foundation; NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation [1544901] FX PJA was supported, in part, by funds from the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation and NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. EH was supported by a grant (to PJA) from The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Conservation and Science Program. Support for AC was provided by National Science Foundation grant 1544901 as part of the synthesis phase of the GLOBEC Program. NR 74 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1753 EP 1768 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss160 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 021IE UT WOS:000309877700007 ER PT J AU Paul, RL Lindstrom, RM AF Paul, Rick L. Lindstrom, Richard M. TI Preparation and Certification of Hydrogen in Titanium Alloy Standard Reference Materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; NEUTRON INCOHERENT-SCATTERING; SUSTAINED LOAD; HYPERMET-PC AB A series of three hydrogen in titanium alloy Standard Reference Materials (SRMs 2452, 2453, and 2454) was prepared with hydrogen mass fractions bracketing the hydrogen specification limit of 125 mg/kg. Commercial titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (6 pct aluminum and 4 pct vanadium) was heated under vacuum in a furnace to remove native hydrogen, then it was doped with a measured quantity of hydrogen. Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis was used to determine hydrogen in the degassed material and finished SRMs. A combination of preparation data and PGAA measurement was used to certify the hydrogen mass fraction of each. The certified hydrogen mass fractions are 62.5 mg/kg +/- A 1.6 mg/kg for SRM 2452, 114 mg/kg +/- A 5 mg/kg for SRM 2453, and 211 mg/kg +/- A 4 mg/kg for SRM 2454. C1 [Paul, Rick L.; Lindstrom, Richard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 43A IS 12 BP 4888 EP 4895 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1306-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 022FH UT WOS:000309940500042 ER PT J AU Worthey, JA AF Worthey, James A. TI Vectorial color SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE matrix R; color spaces; colorimetry; opponent colors; orthonormal basis; lighting ID SPECTRAL SENSITIVITIES; FUNDAMENTAL METAMERS; MATCHING FUNCTIONS; WAVELENGTH; LIGHT AB A set of orthonormal color matching functions is developed, in which the first is an all-positive achromatic function, the second is redgreen, and the third can be loosely described as blueyellow. The achromatic function, proportional to the familiar $ \bar y $, is a sum of red and green cones. The redgreen function uses the same cone sensitivities, but subtracted, with coefficients so that it is orthogonal to the achromatic one. The third function involves all three cones, but is primarily a blue sensitivity. Using this basis to compute the tristimulus vectors of narrow-band lights at unit power gives Jozef Cohen's locus of unit monochromats, (LUM) an invariant shape now graphed in a space where the axes have intuitive meaning. The extreme points of the LUM reveal the wavelengths that act most strongly in mixtures, a close approximation to William Thornton's Prime Colors. In effect, decades of research converge in three functions and a vectorial schema, demystifying such issues as color rendering and the selection of additive primaries. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011. C1 [Worthey, James A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Worthey, JA (reprint author), 11 Rye Court, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM jworthey@starpower.net NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 37 IS 6 BP 394 EP 409 DI 10.1002/col.20724 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 017PH UT WOS:000309602200001 ER PT J AU Worthey, JA AF Worthey, James A. TI Applications of vectorial color SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE matrix R; color spaces; colorimetry; photography; lighting ID FUNDAMENTAL METAMERS; MIXTURE; FILTERS AB A companion article introduced a set of orthonormal opponent color matching functions (CMFs). That orthonormal basis is an expedient for plotting lights in Cohen's logical color space. Indeed, graphing the new CMFs together (as a parametric plot) gives Cohen's invariant locus of unit monochromats (LUM). In this article, the functions and related vector methods are applied to fundamental problems. In signal transmission and propagation-of-errors work, it is desirable to describe stimuli by decorrelated components. The orthonormal CMFs inherently do this, and an example is worked out using a large set of color chips. Starting with the orthonormal functions, related functions, such as cone sensitivities, are graphed as directions in color space, showing their intrinsic relationships. Building on work of Tominaga et al., vectorial plots are related to the problem of guessing the illuminant, a step toward a constancy method. The issue of color rendering is clarified when the vectorial compositions of test and reference lights are graphed. A single graph shows the constraint that the total vectors are the same, but also shows the differences in colorimetric terms. Since the LUM summarizes a trichromatic system by a three-dimensional graph, dichromatic observers can be represented by 2-D graphs, revealing details in a consistent way. The fit first method compares camera with human, applying the Maxwell-Ives criterion in graphical detail. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011. C1 [Worthey, James A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Worthey, JA (reprint author), 11 Rye Court, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM jim@jimworthey.com NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 37 IS 6 BP 410 EP 423 DI 10.1002/col.20723 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 017PH UT WOS:000309602200002 ER PT J AU O'Connor, KL Tillmar, AO AF O'Connor, Kristen L. Tillmar, Andreas O. TI Effect of linkage between vWA and D12S391 in kinship analysis SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Simulation; Genetic linkage; Kinship testing; Pedigree AB Ideally for use in forensic analyses, genetic markers on the same chromosome should be more than 50 Mb in physical distance to ensure full recombination and thus independent inheritance. The forensic community has given attention to two STR markers, D12S391 and vWA, that are 6.3 megabases (Mb) apart on chromosome 12. Recent studies have shown no significant linkage disequilibrium between vWA and D12S391 in U.S. and worldwide populations, although genetic linkage has been identified. It is important to evaluate the impact of linkage effects on kinship analysis. In this study, we aimed to determine a more precise measurement of the recombination frequency between vWA and D12S391 based on a larger number of informative meiosis than has been studied previously. We estimated the recombination frequency (theta) to 0.089 (95% CI 0.044-0.158). Using pedigrees simulated under specific kinship scenarios where recombination was expected to affect the likelihood ratio (LR), we evaluated the impact on LR values of including or ignoring linkage between vWA and D12S391. For all pedigree scenarios considered, on average, LR values ignoring linkage were slightly underestimated than when linkage was considered. However, in the incest scenario considered, LR values could be overestimated up to 25-30 times when linkage was ignored. We demonstrate that the effect of ignoring linkage in the likelihood ratio calculation can be considerable. These results suggest that linkage should be considered during kinship analysis when vWA and D12S391 are tested for pedigrees where a recombination could impact the LR value. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tillmar, Andreas O.] Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden. [O'Connor, Kristen L.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tillmar, AO (reprint author), Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden. EM andreas.tillmar@rmv.se FU U.S. National Institute of Justice (NIJ) [2008-DN-R-121]; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX This work was funded in part by the U.S. National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through an interagency agreement 2008-DN-R-121 with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.; Support for K. O'Connor was provided by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. We are grateful to Becky Hill and Erica Butts for sample genotyping. We appreciate John Butler and Peter Vallone for their helpful feedback on the manuscript. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 6 IS 6 BP 840 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.03.008 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 020NX UT WOS:000309819400036 PM 22542849 ER PT J AU Salas, A Coble, M Desmyter, S Grzybowski, T Gusmao, L Hohoff, C Holland, MM Irwin, JA Kupiec, T Lee, HY Ludes, B Lutz-Bonengel, S Melton, T Parsons, TJ Pfeiffer, H Prieto, L Tagliabracci, A Parson, W AF Salas, Antonio Coble, Michael Desmyter, Stijn Grzybowski, Tomasz Gusmao, Leonor Hohoff, Carsten Holland, Mitchell M. Irwin, Jodi A. Kupiec, Tomasz Lee, Hwan-Young Ludes, Bertrand Lutz-Bonengel, Sabine Melton, Terry Parsons, Thomas J. Pfeiffer, Heidi Prieto, Lourdes Tagliabracci, Adriano Parson, Walther TI A cautionary note on switching mitochondrial DNA reference sequences in forensic genetics SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID ISFG COLLABORATIVE EXERCISE; GEP-ISFG; MTDNA DATABASE; EDNAP GROUP; NOMENCLATURE; HAIR; REASSESSMENT; HETEROPLASMY; MIXTURES; REVISION C1 [Salas, Antonio] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Med, Unidade Xenet, Dept Anat Patol & Ciencias Forenses, Galicia 15876, Spain. [Salas, Antonio] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Med, Inst Med Legal, Galicia 15876, Spain. [Coble, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20850 USA. [Desmyter, Stijn] Natl Inst Criminalist & Criminol, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium. [Grzybowski, Tomasz] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Dept Mol & Forens Genet, Ludwik Rydygier Coll Med, PL-85094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Hohoff, Carsten] Inst Forens Genet GmbH, D-48161 Munster, Germany. [Holland, Mitchell M.] Penn State Univ, Forens Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Irwin, Jodi A.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover AFB, DE USA. [Kupiec, Tomasz] Inst Forens Res, Sect Forens Genet, Krakow, Poland. [Lee, Hwan-Young] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Forens Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Ludes, Bertrand] Strasbourg Univ, Lab Mol Anthropol, Inst Legal Med, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Lutz-Bonengel, Sabine] Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Inst Legal Med, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Melton, Terry] Mitotyping Technol, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Parsons, Thomas J.] Int Commiss Missing Persons, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Pfeiffer, Heidi] Univ Munster, Inst Legal Med, Munster, Germany. [Prieto, Lourdes] Univ Inst Res Forens Sci IUICP, Comisaria Gen Policia Cient, Madrid, Spain. [Tagliabracci, Adriano] Univ Politecn Marche, Sect Legal Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Publ Hlth, I-60020 Ancona, Italy. [Parson, Walther] Innsbruck Med Univ, Inst Legal Med, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Salas, A (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Med, Unidade Xenet, Dept Anat Patol & Ciencias Forenses, Galicia 15876, Spain. EM antonio.salas@usc.es; walther.parson@i-med.ac.at RI Gusmao, Leonor/B-3122-2013; Grzybowski, Tomasz/A-1676-2015; Salas, Antonio/E-3977-2012; OI Gusmao, Leonor/0000-0003-0432-6481; Salas, Antonio/0000-0002-2336-702X; Tagliabracci, Adriano/0000-0002-4434-0475; Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 6 IS 6 BP E182 EP E184 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.015 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 020NX UT WOS:000309819400012 PM 22840856 ER PT J AU Melara, LA Kearsley, AJ AF Melara, L. A. Kearsley, A. J. TI The radius of attraction for Newton's method and TV-minimization image denoising SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fixed point iteration; Constrained optimization; Total variation minimization; Image denoising ID REGULARIZATION; RECOVERY AB This paper presents an estimate of the radius of convergence for Newton's method applied to a regularized TV-minimization problem often employed to denoise images. Strong Frechet differentiability of this iteration is established and an estimate of the radius of attraction for this method is shown. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Melara, L. A.] Shippensburg Univ, Dept Math, Shippensburg, PA 17257 USA. [Kearsley, A. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Melara, LA (reprint author), Shippensburg Univ, Dept Math, Shippensburg, PA 17257 USA. EM lamelara@ship.edu; ajk@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-9659 J9 APPL MATH LETT JI Appl. Math. Lett. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2417 EP 2422 DI 10.1016/j.aml.2012.07.016 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 009NT UT WOS:000309033200076 ER PT J AU Ng, LC Musser, A Persily, AK Emmerich, SJ AF Ng, Lisa C. Musser, Amy Persily, Andrew K. Emmerich, Steven J. TI Indoor air quality analyses of commercial reference buildings SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Indoor air quality; CONTAM; Reference buildings; Simulation ID PENETRATION; PARTICLES; VENTILATION; SYMPTOMS; OZONE; RATES; MODEL AB Sixteen commercial reference buildings were created in the multizone airflow and contaminant transport program CONTAM in order to support airflow and indoor air quality (IAQ) analyses, which are not possible using the existing EnergyPlus input files for these buildings. Annual airflow and contaminant simulations were performed in CONTAM for six of the buildings. Contaminant analyses were performed for occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC) from indoor sources, outdoor particulate matter, and outdoor ozone. In all of the selected buildings and zones, the simulated indoor ozone and PM 2.5 concentrations did not exceed indoor limits set by the World Health Organization. For CO2 and VOC, for which no similarly relevant indoor concentration standards or limits exist, the simulated concentrations were within expected ranges based on published field measurements in commercial buildings. The results of this study provide a baseline for subsequent use of these models to investigate approaches to building ventilation and other technologies that are intended to simultaneously reduce building energy consumption while maintaining or improving indoor air quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ng, Lisa C.; Persily, Andrew K.; Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, IAQ & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Musser, Amy] Vandemusser Design PLLC, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Ng, LC (reprint author), NIST, IAQ & Ventilat Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lisa.ng@nist.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 58 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.07.008 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 013VA UT WOS:000309332800017 ER PT J AU Millie, DF Weckman, GR Young, WA Ivey, JE Carrick, HJ Fahnenstiel, GL AF Millie, David F. Weckman, Gary R. Young, William A., II Ivey, James E. Carrick, Hunter J. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. TI Modeling microalgal abundance with artificial neural networks: Demonstration of a heuristic 'Grey-Box' to deconvolve and quantify environmental influences SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Artificial intelligence; Ecological modeling; Environmental informatics; Output response surfaces; Pedagogical knowledge extraction ID PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; WATER-QUALITY MODELS; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; ALGAL BLOOMS; VARIABLE IMPORTANCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; FLORIDA USA; LAKES; INDICATORS AB An artificial neural network (ANN)-based technology - a 'Grey-Box', originating the iterative selection, depiction, and quantitation of environmental relationships for modeling microalgal abundance, as chlorophyll (CHL) a, was developed and evaluated. Due to their robust capability for reproducing the complexities underlying chaotic, non-linear systems. ANNs have become popular for the modeling of ecosystem structure and function. However, ANNs exhibit a holistic deficiency in declarative knowledge structure (i.e. a 'black-box'). The architecture of the Grey-Box provided the benefit of the ANN modeling structure, while deconvolving the interaction of prediction potentials among environmental variables upon CHL a. The influences of (pairs of) predictors upon the variance and magnitude of CHL a were depicted via pedagogical knowledge extraction (multi-dimensional response surfaces). This afforded derivation of mathematical equations for iterative predictive outcomes of CHL a and together with an algorithmic expression across iterations, corrected for the lack of declarative knowledge within conventional ANNs. Importantly, the Grey-Box 'bridged the gap' between 'white-box' parametric models and black-box ANNs in terms of performance and mathematical transparency. Grey-Box formulations are relevant to ecological niche modeling, identification of biotic response(s) to stress/disturbance thresholds, and qualitative/quantitative derivation of biota-environmental relationships for incorporation within stand-alone mechanistic models projecting ecological structure. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Millie, David F.] Palm Isl EnviroInformat LLC, Sarasota, FL 34232 USA. [Millie, David F.] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Millie, David F.; Ivey, James E.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Weckman, Gary R.] Ohio Univ, Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Young, William A., II] Ohio Univ, Coll Business, Management Syst Dept, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Carrick, Hunter J.] Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48559 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Millie, DF (reprint author), Palm Isl EnviroInformat LLC, 4645 Stone Ridge Trail, Sarasota, FL 34232 USA. EM pi_enviro@comcast.net RI Sexton, Susan/E-9348-2012 FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Coastal Management Program (through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management) [NA10NOS4190178, NA11NOS4190073]; Oceans and Human Health Initiative of NOAA's Office of Global Programs, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Coastal Management Program (through grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, Award #s NA10NOS4190178 and NA11NOS4190073) and by the Oceans and Human Health Initiative of NOAA's Office of Global Programs, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. Reference to proprietary names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, Palm Island Enviro-Informatics LLC, Loyola University New Orleans, the State of Florida, the Ohio University, Central Michigan University, and NOAA neither guarantee nor warrant the standard of a product and imply no approval of a product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The statements, findings, and recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors alone. This work is contribution #1616 of NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and contribution #19 of the Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University. NR 73 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 38 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.04.009 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008QK UT WOS:000308971400003 ER PT J AU Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI Nonlocal component of radiative flux perturbation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CONVERGENCE; RESPONSES; AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; SCHEME AB Radiative flux perturbation (RFP) is defined as the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiative imbalance after the atmosphere-land system adjusts fully to an external perturbation, and serves as a useful metric for quantifying climate forcing. This paper presents an effort to address the issue of whether a forcing imposed persistently over a specific region may alter the radiative balance elsewhere through atmospheric circulation, thus giving rise to a nonlocal component of RFP. We perturb the climate simulated with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) solely by increasing the cloud droplet number concentration over the land, and observe widespread positive (warming) RFP over the ocean, along with the expected negative (cooling) RFP over the land. A detailed analysis suggests that the oceanic (or nonlocal) RFP is closely associated with a reduction in low cloud amount, which can be attributed primarily to the horizontal advection of drier land boundary layer air and to the oceanic boundary layer top entrainment of drier free troposphere air. By examining how the land surface and atmospheric energy balances are re-established, we are able to identify the physical mechanisms behind the strong hydrological impact of a tropical land shortwave (SW) forcing (the multiplier effect). In contrast, the hydrological cycle is relatively insensitive to an extratropical forcing. Citation: Ming, Y., and V. Ramaswamy (2012), Nonlocal component of radiative flux perturbation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L22706, doi:10.1029/2012GL054050. C1 [Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Ming, Y (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM yi.ming@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L22706 DI 10.1029/2012GL054050 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 047LH UT WOS:000311841800006 ER PT J AU Brankovic, SR Kagajwala, B George, J Majkic, G Stafford, G Ruchhoeft, P AF Brankovic, Stanko R. Kagajwala, Burhanuddin George, Jinnie Majkic, Goran Stafford, Gery Ruchhoeft, Paul TI Stress control in electrodeposited CoFe films-Experimental study and analytical model SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Additive; Stress; CoFe alloy; Electrodeposition; Adsorption ID MAGNETIC CONIFE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SACCHARIN; ALLOYS; COERCIVITY; COALESCENCE; ADSORPTION; PERMALLOY; METALS; SULFUR AB Work investigating the effect of saccharin as an additive on growth stress and structure of electrodeposited CoFe films is presented. The saccharin concentrations were in the range between 0 g L-1 and 1.5 g L-1. The stress measurements are performed in situ during electrodeposition of CoFe films using cantilever-bending method (curvature measurements). The structure of CoFe films was studied by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results show that growth stress is a decreasing function of saccharin concentration. No appreciable change in composition, grain size, orientation or texture of CoFe films are observed with increasing saccharin content in solution. The growth stress dependence on saccharin concentration is discussed within the framework of analytical model, which directly links the observed stress decrease with the apparent saccharin coverage of the CoFe film surface during the electrodeposition process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brankovic, Stanko R.; Kagajwala, Burhanuddin; George, Jinnie; Ruchhoeft, Paul] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Brankovic, Stanko R.] Univ Houston, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Brankovic, Stanko R.; Majkic, Goran] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Stafford, Gery] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brankovic, SR (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM Stanko.Brankovic@mail.uh.edu FU National Science Foundation, Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems [ECCS-0824215] FX The authors acknowledge C. Beauchamp for help with stress measurements. The National Science Foundation, Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems supported this research, ECCS-0824215. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 83 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.07.087 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 040MN UT WOS:000311327100053 ER PT J AU Miller, MEC Graham, WM AF Miller, Mary-Elizabeth C. Graham, William M. TI Environmental evidence that seasonal hypoxia enhances survival and success of jellyfish polyps in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aurelia sp.; Gulf of Mexico; Hypoxia; Polyp; Scyphozoa ID LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; AURELIA-AURITA; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; FISH LARVAE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; PELAGIC CNIDARIANS AB Seasonal blooms of the scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia sp. in the northern Gulf of Mexico broadly overlap with summer-fall hypoxia of the Louisiana-Texas shelf. It has been suggested previously that increased cultural eutrophication and hypoxia promote outbreaks of jellyfish by favoring the medusa stage of scyphozoans, since hypoxia affects their prey more than the jellyfish themselves. However, little information exists on what role hypoxia plays on the benthic polyp (scyphistoma) stage of the scyphozoan life-history. Understanding hypoxic effects on scyphozoan benthic stages is especially important in the northern Gulf of Mexico, since settlement and growth rates of its sessile benthic community are high and space is limited. Therefore, we used a combination of laboratory and field experiments to investigate the effect of low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations on the survival and growth of the polyps of the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. and whether the general sessile community was relatively impacted by low DO to reduce spatial competition for hard substrate (i.e. if low DO might create transient openings in the sessile community for polyp settlement). We conducted a set of laboratory experiments that revealed low DO had a positive effect on planulae settlement. Greatest planulae settlement rates occurred under lowest DO concentrations (1.3 mg l(-1)), indicating that reduced DO promotes settlement, perhaps as a signal of physiological stress on planula swimming. In a second set of experiments, survival of scyphistomae decreased only marginally under prolonged (56 days) hypoxic conditions. Numerical growth due to asexual budding remained positive under prolonged hypoxia but at a rate significantly lower than the normoxic treatment. A third set of laboratory experiments showed that naturally seeded sessile community coverage was significantly reduced under similar levels of hypoxia when compared to normoxia. A field experiment placing polyp-seeded plates at different depths and oxygen concentrations off south-central Louisiana during seasonal hypoxia showed that polyps had higher survivorship in deeper, lower oxygen waters when compared to higher oxygen surface waters. Our data indicate that tolerance to the physiological stresses of hypoxia in the scyphozoan polyp stage and the reduction of sessile competition and predation in hypoxic areas may make these areas particularly vulnerable to jellyfish blooms. (C) 2012 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Mary-Elizabeth C.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Restorat Ctr, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Graham, William M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Miller, MEC (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Restorat Ctr, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. EM mecmiller@gmail.com NR 65 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 132 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 432 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.07.015 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 015FJ UT WOS:000309431500013 ER PT J AU Gaos, AR Lewison, RR Wallace, BP Yanez, IL Liles, MJ Baquero, A Seminoff, JA AF Gaos, Alexander R. Lewison, Rebecca R. Wallace, Bryan P. Yanez, Ingrid L. Liles, Michael J. Baquero, Andres Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Dive behaviour of adult hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus 1766) in the eastern Pacific Ocean highlights shallow depth use by the species SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dive logger; Eastern Pacific; Eretmochelys imbricata; Management; Neritic; Satellite telemetry ID TURTLES CHELONIA-MYDAS; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; GREEN TURTLES; DIVING BEHAVIOR; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; CORAL-REEF; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA AB Understanding the movement and dive behaviour of marine turtles directly informs spatial management strategies. Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus 1766) are a globally endangered marine turtle species, with populations in the eastern Pacific Ocean identified as particularly threatened. To date, very little research on the dive behaviour of hawksbills has been conducted. Most studies have focused on juveniles in the Wider Caribbean region, and no dive behaviour has been described for hawksbills in the eastern Pacific. Using satellite-relayed dive loggers attached to five adult hawksbills, we analyzed dive trends and differences among individuals, movement phases and diel time periods, and compared our findings with those from hawksbills in other regions of the world. Our research indicates that adult hawksbills in the eastern Pacific predominantly use shallow waters (i.e. <= 10 m), with dives rarely occurring to depths >20 m. Additionally, in contrast to previous research, we found similar dive behaviour across diel time periods, suggesting nocturnal activity may be more prevalent than previously believed. Despite some similarities in dive behaviour across individuals, individual variability was also evident. More research on adult hawksbills is urgently needed to increase our understanding of basic hawksbill ecology and behaviour, and improve management of this critically endangered species in the eastern Pacific Ocean. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca R.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.; Wallace, Bryan P.; Yanez, Ingrid L.; Liles, Michael J.; Baquero, Andres; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA 92012 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Liles, Michael J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baquero, Andres] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador. [Baquero, Andres] Univ San Francisco Quito, Diego De Robles 02291700, Quito, Ecuador. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), 3193 B St, San Diego, CA 92102 USA. EM gaos@hawksbill.org OI Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration; Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias; Machalilla National Park; Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada; Ministry of the Environment; Ocean Foundation FX We thank Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias, Machalilla National Park, Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador and Nicaragua, and The Ocean Foundation for financial/logisitical support. We also thank the following individuals: Chris Pesenti, Kama Dean, Aaron Esliman, Juan de la Cruz, Rene Flores, Cristabel Flores, Georgina Mariona, Wilfredo Lopez, Micaela Pena, Juan Pablo Munoz, Gabriela Anhalzer, Felipe Vallejo. We acknowledge helpful reviewer comments by Graeme Hays. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 30 PY 2012 VL 432 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.07.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 015FJ UT WOS:000309431500020 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Baker, ET Shaw, AM Bohnenstiehl, DR Chadwick, WW Haxel, JH Matsumoto, H Walker, SL AF Dziak, R. P. Baker, E. T. Shaw, A. M. Bohnenstiehl, D. R. Chadwick, W. W., Jr. Haxel, J. H. Matsumoto, H. Walker, S. L. TI Flux measurements of explosive degassing using a yearlong hydroacoustic record at an erupting submarine volcano SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE gas flux; ocean acoustics; seafloor volcanism ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EMISSION RATES; STROMBOLIAN EXPLOSIONS; ACOUSTIC OBSERVATIONS; POPOCATEPETL VOLCANO; DIFFUSE EMISSION; ISLAND VOLCANO; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; GAS EMISSIONS; MARIANA ARC AB The output of gas and tephra from volcanoes is an inherently disorganized process that makes reliable flux estimates challenging to obtain. Continuous monitoring of gas flux has been achieved in only a few instances at subaerial volcanoes, but never for submarine volcanoes. Here we use the first sustained (yearlong) hydroacoustic monitoring of an erupting submarine volcano (NW Rota-1, Mariana arc) to make calculations of explosive gas flux from a volcano into the ocean. Bursts of Strombolian explosive degassing at the volcano summit (520 m deep) occurred at 1-2 min intervals during the entire 12-month hydrophone record and commonly exhibited cyclic step-function changes between high and low intensity. Total gas flux calculated from the hydroacoustic record is 5.4 +/- 0.6 Tg a(-1), where the magmatic gases driving eruptions at NW Rota-1 are primarily H2O, SO2, and CO2. Instantaneous fluxes varied by a factor of similar to 100 over the deployment. Using melt inclusion information to estimate the concentration of CO2 in the explosive gases as 6.9 +/- 0.7 wt %, we calculate an annual CO2 eruption flux of 0.4 +/- 0.1 Tg a(-1). This result is within the range of measured CO2 fluxes at continuously erupting subaerial volcanoes, and represents similar to 0.2-0.6% of the annual estimated output of CO2 from all subaerial arc volcanoes, and similar to 0.4-0.6% of the mid-ocean ridge flux. The multiyear eruptive history of NW Rota-1 demonstrates that submarine volcanoes can be significant and sustained sources of CO2 to the shallow ocean. C1 [Dziak, R. P.; Chadwick, W. W., Jr.; Haxel, J. H.; Matsumoto, H.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, HMSC, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, E. T.; Walker, S. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Shaw, A. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, D. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, HMSC, NOAA, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov FU USCG M/V Sequoia; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; NOAA Vents Program; National Science Foundation [OCE-0751776] FX We thank the USCG M/V Sequoia, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, the NOAA Vents Program, and the National Science Foundation (OCE-0751776) for support. We also thank M. Fowler for mooring recoveries, T.-K. Lau for programming and S. Merle for graphics support. The authors wish to thank P. Michael, K. Rubin, M. Tolstoy, and T. Thordarson for very helpful comments that improved the manuscript. PMEL contribution 3435. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q0AF07 DI 10.1029/2012GC004211 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 047LR UT WOS:000311842900002 ER PT J AU Mahlstein, I Martius, O Chevalier, C Ginsbourger, D AF Mahlstein, Irina Martius, Olivia Chevalier, Clement Ginsbourger, David TI Changes in the odds of extreme events in the Atlantic basin depending on the position of the extratropical jet SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; STORM TRACK; BLOCKING; MODES; NAO AB In this study we establish a link between the position of the extratropical jet over the Atlantic and extreme temperature events (below the local seasonal 5% quantile or above the 95% quantile respectively) and wind events (above the local 98% quantile) in the Atlantic basin for the present climate. The strongest link between temperature extremes and the jet is found for the winter season. Extended areas in Europe, Greenland and North America see an increased or decreased chance of winter cold extremes depending on the jet position, even up to a week after the jet occupied the position of interest. Chances of warm temperature extremes in summer in southeastern Europe are higher several days after the jet was located in the central Atlantic. Chances of wind extremes are higher in Western Europe at the latitude of the jet and reduced to the north and south. Citation: Mahlstein, I., O. Martius, C. Chevalier, and D. Ginsbourger (2012), Changes in the odds of extreme events in the Atlantic basin depending on the position of the extratropical jet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L22805, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053993. C1 [Mahlstein, Irina] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mahlstein, Irina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahlstein, Irina; Martius, Olivia] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland. [Mahlstein, Irina; Martius, Olivia] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Chevalier, Clement; Ginsbourger, David] Univ Bern, Inst Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Bern, Switzerland. RP Mahlstein, I (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irina.mahlstein@noaa.gov RI Mahlstein, Irina/D-5373-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Martius, Olivia/0000-0002-8645-4702 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L22805 DI 10.1029/2012GL053993 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 047LG UT WOS:000311841500005 ER PT J AU Beloy, K Sherman, JA Lemke, ND Hinkley, N Oates, CW Ludlow, AD AF Beloy, K. Sherman, J. A. Lemke, N. D. Hinkley, N. Oates, C. W. Ludlow, A. D. TI Determination of the 5d6s D-3(1) state lifetime and blackbody-radiation clock shift in Yb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; ATOMIC YTTERBIUM; LATTICE CLOCK AB The Stark shift of the ytterbium (Yb) optical clock transition due to room-temperature blackbody radiation is dominated by a static Stark effect, which was recently measured to high accuracy [J. A. Sherman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 153002 (2012)]. However, room-temperature realization of the clock at 10(-18) uncertainty requires a dynamic contribution to this static approximation. This dynamic term largely depends on a single electric dipole matrix element for which theoretically and experimentally derived values disagree significantly. We determine this important matrix element by two independent methods, which yield consistent values. Along with precise radiative lifetimes of 6s6p P-3(1) and 5d6s D-3(1), we report the clock shift due to an ideal 300 K blackbody environment to 0.05% precision. C1 [Beloy, K.; Sherman, J. A.; Lemke, N. D.; Hinkley, N.; Oates, C. W.; Ludlow, A. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sherman, J. A.; Lemke, N. D.; Hinkley, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Beloy, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kyle.beloy@nist.gov; jeff.sherman@nist.gov RI Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR; NASA; NRC-RAP FX We acknowledge NIST, DARPA QuASAR, NASA, and NRC-RAP for financial support. We thank J. Ye and J. Bergquist for loaning equipment, A. Derevianko and V. Dzuba for useful discussions, N. Phillips for laboratory contributions, and P. Del'Haye and R. Mhaskar for careful reading of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 5 AR 051404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.051404 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 045JW UT WOS:000311693100001 ER PT J AU Kaufman, AM Lester, BJ Regal, CA AF Kaufman, A. M. Lester, B. J. Regal, C. A. TI Cooling a Single Atom in an Optical Tweezer to Its Quantum Ground State SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID DETERMINISTIC PREPARATION; CESIUM ATOMS; LATTICE; DENSITY; CAVITY; SYSTEM; GAS AB We report cooling of a single neutral atom to its three-dimensional vibrational ground state in an optical tweezer. After employing Raman sideband cooling for tens of milliseconds, we measure via sideband spectroscopy a three-dimensional ground-state occupation of about 90%. We further observe coherent control of the spin and motional state of the trapped atom. Our demonstration shows that an optical tweezer, formed simply by a tightly focused beam of light, creates sufficient confinement for efficient sideband cooling. This source of ground-state neutral atoms will be instrumental in numerous quantum simulation and logic applications that require a versatile platform for storing and manipulating ultracold single neutral atoms. For example, these results will improve current optical-tweezer experiments studying atom-photon coupling and Rydberg quantum logic gates, and could provide new opportunities such as rapid production of single dipolar molecules or quantum simulation in tweezer arrays. C1 [Kaufman, A. M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Regal, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM regal@jila.colorado.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; JILA NSF-PFC; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; NDSEG; NSF-GRFP FX We acknowledge T.P. Purdy and M. Feig for helpful input, and G. Downs for technical assistance. This work was supported by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the JILA NSF-PFC. C.R. acknowledges support from the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation and A.M.K. and B.J.L. from NDSEG and NSF-GRFP, respectively. NR 33 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 4 AR 041014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.2.041014 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 045LF UT WOS:000311696600001 ER PT J AU Thompson, DWJ Seidel, DJ Randel, WJ Zou, CZ Butler, AH Mears, C Osso, A Long, C Lin, R AF Thompson, David W. J. Seidel, Dian J. Randel, William J. Zou, Cheng-Zhi Butler, Amy H. Mears, Carl Osso, Albert Long, Craig Lin, Roger TI The mystery of recent stratospheric temperature trends SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; SOUNDING UNIT; CLIMATE; MSU; CONSTRUCTION; EXTENSION; RECORDS AB A new data set of middle- and upper-stratospheric temperatures based on reprocessing of satellite radiances provides a view of stratospheric climate change during the period 1979-2005 that is strikingly different from that provided by earlier data sets. The new data call into question our understanding of observed stratospheric temperature trends and our ability to test simulations of the stratospheric response to emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances. Here we highlight the important issues raised by the new data and suggest how the climate science community can resolve them. C1 [Thompson, David W. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Randel, William J.] NCAR, Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Butler, Amy H.; Long, Craig; Lin, Roger] NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Mears, Carl] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. [Osso, Albert] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Thompson, DWJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM davet@atmos.colostate.edu RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 FU National Science Foundation Climate Dynamics Program [AGS-0936255] FX We thank K. Shine, M. Dameris, M. Free and R. Saunders for suggestions and comments on the manuscript. D.W.J.T. is supported by the National Science Foundation Climate Dynamics Program under budget number AGS-0936255. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling and the WCRP CCM Validation project (CCMVal), which are responsible for archiving the CMIP5 and CCMVal2 output, respectively. We also thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output as listed in Table 1. For CMIP the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 70 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 29 PY 2012 VL 491 IS 7426 BP 692 EP 697 DI 10.1038/nature11579 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 044FY UT WOS:000311606000032 PM 23192146 ER PT J AU Bohnenstiehl, DR Scheip, CM Matsumoto, H Dziak, RP AF Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. Scheip, Corey M. Matsumoto, Haru Dziak, Robert P. TI Acoustics variability of air gun signals recorded at intermediate ranges within the Lau Basin SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Lau Basin; acoustic propagation; air gunning; ocean noise; seismic exploration ID WHALES PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; BROAD-BAND CALIBRATION; MID-ATLANTIC OCEAN; T-PHASES; SEISMIC SOURCES; MARINE MAMMALS; BEAUFORT SEA; NOISE; FLOOR; PROPAGATION AB During January-February 2009, an active-source seismic survey was performed over the Eastern Lau Spreading Center in the Lau Back-Arc Basin (21 degrees S, 176 degrees S). Acoustic signals generated by the R/V Langseth's 36-gun pneumatic source array were recorded within the deep sound channel at offsets of 29-416 km. The local ocean acoustic environment is everywhere bottom limited, with seafloor depths within the study domain ranging from similar to 1700-2800 m. Low-frequency (4-125 Hz) sound levels are monitored using root-mean-square, energy-flux-density and zero-to-peak measurement techniques. From these field data, transmission loss is found to exceed the predictions of a geometric spherical spreading model. At similar ranges, arrival amplitudes vary by up to 20 dB and durations vary by a factor of three to six. The depth of the seafloor beneath the air gun source exhibits a positive correlation with arrival duration and a negative correlation with range-corrected amplitude, explaining up to 30% of the observed variation in both parameters. The strength of this correlation, however, varies for stations lying at different azimuths, highlighting the importance of seafloor aspect and slope in the coupling of bottom-interacting acoustic energy into the sound channel. Range-dependent ray tracing shows that shots deployed over shallower seafloor are more likely to produce sound channel trapped signals that propagate with limited bottom interaction. This results in arrivals that are more impulsive, with shorter durations and higher amplitudes. Shots deployed in deeper water typically undergo a larger number of bounces and are characterized by more emergent, longer duration and smaller amplitude arrivals. C1 [Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.; Scheip, Corey M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Matsumoto, Haru; Dziak, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Matsumoto, Haru; Dziak, Robert P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bohnenstiehl, DR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM drbohnen@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0825295, OCE-1029278] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Marcus G. Langseth, R/V Roger Revelle and R/V Kilo Moana. Critical to the success of this project were field technicians J. Shanley (NOAA) and M. Fowler (NOAA/OSU), who oversaw the mooring deployment and recovery efforts, and NCSU graduate students J. Bowman, K. Cook, P. Monigle, J. O'Connor and K. Warren. Andy Lau provided vital assistance with software development and data quality control. F. Martinez provided access to his compilation of multibeam bathymetry within the basin, and R. Dunn kindly provided shot meta-data information for his MGL cruise. Comments by the Associate Editor (R. Dunn) and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. D. R. B. also thanks M. Tolstoy and the late J. Diebold for numerous discussions regarding seismic array operations and acoustics. This is PMEL contribution 3983. Research supported by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0825295 and OCE-1029278. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q11013 DI 10.1029/2012GC004337 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 047LQ UT WOS:000311842800001 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Gao, RS Tarasick, D Leblanc, T Sweeney, C AF Cooper, Owen R. Gao, Ru-Shan Tarasick, David Leblanc, Thierry Sweeney, Colm TI Long-term ozone trends at rural ozone monitoring sites across the United States, 1990-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; TRANSPORTED BACKGROUND OZONE; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; ASIAN AIR-POLLUTION; NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OZONE; WEST-COAST; METEOROLOGICAL CONTROLS; 15-YEAR CLIMATOLOGY AB This analysis provides an up-to-date assessment of long-term (1990-2010) rural ozone trends using all available data in the western (12 sites) and eastern (41 sites) USA. Rather than focus solely on average ozone values or air quality standard violations, we consider the full range of ozone values, reporting trends for the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles. Domestic ozone precursor emissions decreased strongly during 1990-2010. Accordingly 83%, 66% and 20% of summertime eastern U.S. sites experienced statistically significant ozone decreases in the 95th, 50th and 5th percentiles, respectively. During spring 43% of the eastern sites have statistically significant ozone decreases for the 95th percentile with no sites showing a significant increase. At the 50th percentile there is little overall change in the eastern U.S. In contrast, only 17% (2 sites) and 8% (1 site) of summertime western U.S. sites have statistically significant ozone decreases in the 95th and 50th percentiles, respectively. During spring no western site has a significant decrease, while 50% have a significant median increase. This dichotomy in U.S. ozone trends is discussed in terms of changing anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. Consideration is given to the concept that increasing baseline ozone flowing into the western U.S. is counteracting ozone reductions due to domestic emission reductions. An update to the springtime free tropospheric ozone trend above western North America shows that ozone has increased significantly from 1995 to 2011 at the rate of 0.41 +/- 0.27 ppbv yr(-1). Finally, the ozone changes are examined in relation to regional temperature trends. C1 [Cooper, Owen R.; Gao, Ru-Shan; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tarasick, David] Environm Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Meteorol Serv Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Cooper, OR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD04,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov RI Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013 OI Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; FU European Communities; EADS; Airbus; airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) FX Ozone data from the National Park Service Gaseous Pollutant Monitoring Program were collected by the National Park Service and downloaded from the NPS Gaseous Pollutant and Meteorological Data Access Page: http://ard-request.air-resource.com. Assistance in retrieving the data was provided by Jessica Ward, Air Resource Specialists, Inc. and John Ray, National Park Service Air Resources Division. Whiteface Mountain Summit ozone data were collected by the University of Albany with instrumentation provided by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and provided by James J. Schwab, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany. Surface CO measurements from Niwot Ridge measured and made available by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Carbon Cycle Group. We gratefully acknowledge the strong support of the MOZAIC program by the European Communities, EADS, Airbus and the airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who have carried the MOZAIC equipment free of charge since 1994. Jean-Pierre Cammas and Philippe Nedelec at CNRS - Laboratoire d'Aerologie, France, provided access to the MOZAIC data. The EDGARv4.1 global NOx emissions inventory was provided by European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL): Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release version 4.1 http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu, 2010. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the GOME and SCIAMACHY sensors from www.temis.nl. The global topography data at 4 min resolution were downloaded from: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html. Finally, we thank three anonymous referees whose comments and suggestions improved the analysis. Funding for the Trinidad Head ozonesondes was provided by the NOAA ESRL Health of the Atmosphere Program. NR 98 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 14 U2 145 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D22307 DI 10.1029/2012JD018261 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047MH UT WOS:000311844500005 ER PT J AU Duncan, B Han, WQ AF Duncan, Benet Han, Weiqing TI Influence of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations on seasonal and interannual variability in the upper Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; 1997-98 EL-NINO; BOREAL SUMMER; MIXED-LAYER; ABRUPT TERMINATION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; EQUATORIAL WAVES; AUSTRAL SUMMER AB An ocean general circulation model, the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), is used to examine the rectification of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) on the mean and seasonal-to-interannual sea surface temperature (SST), mixed layer thickness (hm) and upper ocean heat content in the Indian Ocean. Existing studies have shown that ISOs rectify on seasonal and interannual equatorial surface currents and on cross-equatorial transport, suggesting that they may also have important impacts on upper ocean variability. To evaluate these impacts, a hierarchy of HYCOM experiments isolates the ocean response to forcing by atmospheric ISO events. Other experiments isolate the ocean response to a range of intraseasonal forcing fields including shortwave radiation, precipitation, and winds. Results indicate that rectification of ISOs onto seasonal and interannual upper ocean variability does occur, and that it is important in some regions. The regions displaying maximum rectification vary between SST, hm, and upper ocean heat content, and from seasonal to interannual timescales. Strong seasonal SST rectification occurs in the Arabian Sea and in the Bay of Bengal. Because SSTs in the Arabian Sea are already warm (28 degrees C), the ISO-forced seasonal cycle peak of 0.6 degrees C in May can affect convection there. Intraseasonal wind speed and stress have a much larger impact on seasonal and interannual SST, hm, and upper ocean heat content than either intraseasonal shortwave radiation or precipitation. The relative importance of entrainment and turbulent heat flux due to intraseasonal wind speed, and of upwelling, horizontal advection, and vertical mixing due to intraseasonal wind stress, varies with region. C1 [Duncan, Benet] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Gulf Farallones Natl Marine Sanctuary, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. [Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Duncan, B (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Gulf Farallones Natl Marine Sanctuary, 991 Marine Dr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. EM benet.duncan@colorado.edu FU NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team Award [1283568]; NSF CAREER [OCE 0847605] FX We thank ECMWF and NCAR for providing ERA-40 fields, the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center for CMAP precipitation fields, Yuanchong Zhang for the ISCCP flux data, and W. Timothy Liu for preparing the QuickSCAT wind fields. We acknowledge the NODC for making the WOA05 data available through the Internet. Thanks also go to W. G. Large, Lakshmi Kantha, Ralph Milliff, and Baylor Fox-Kemper for their valuable input. Finally, we thank Laurie Trenary and Jih-Wang Wang for graciously sharing HYCOM model output for experiment HYCOM_InternalEXP. This research is supported by NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team Award 1283568 and NSF CAREER OCE 0847605. NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C11028 DI 10.1029/2012JC008190 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 047NX UT WOS:000311848700003 ER PT J AU Greybush, SJ Wilson, RJ Hoffman, RN Hoffman, MJ Miyoshi, T Ide, K McConnochie, T Kalnay, E AF Greybush, Steven J. Wilson, R. John Hoffman, Ross N. Hoffman, Matthew J. Miyoshi, Takemasa Ide, Kayo McConnochie, Timothy Kalnay, Eugenia TI Ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation of Thermal Emission Spectrometer temperature retrievals into a Mars GCM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WATER ICE CLOUDS; RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; MARTIAN DUST STORMS; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; ERROR COVARIANCE; TRAVELING-WAVES AB Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) retrieved temperature profiles are assimilated into the GFDL Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM) using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) to produce synoptic maps of temperature, winds, and surface pressure and their uncertainties over the course of a Martian year. Short-term (0.25 sol) forecasts compared to independent observations show reduced root mean square error (to 3-4 K global RMSE for a 30-sol evaluation period during the northern hemisphere autumn) and bias compared to a free running model. Several enhanced techniques result in further performance gains. A 4D-LETKF considers observations at their correct hour of occurrence rather than every 6 h. Spatially varying adaptive inflation and varying the dust distribution among ensemble members refine estimates of analysis uncertainty through the ensemble spread. Enhancing dust and water ice aerosol schemes and the application of empirical bias correction using time mean analysis increments help account for model biases. Full-year experiments using prescribed dust opacities and observed TES dust opacities show that while realistic dust distributions are essential to match observed temperatures with a free run simulation, analyses from data assimilation are more robust with respect to imperfections in aerosol distribution. The data assimilation system described here is being used to generate a new reanalysis of Mars weather and climate, which will have many scientific and engineering applications. C1 [Greybush, Steven J.; Miyoshi, Takemasa; Ide, Kayo; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hoffman, Matthew J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY USA. [McConnochie, Timothy] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hoffman, Ross N.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. RP Greybush, SJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM greybush@atmos.umd.edu RI Miyoshi, Takemasa/C-2768-2009; OI Miyoshi, Takemasa/0000-0003-3160-2525; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 FU NASA [NNX07AM97G, NNX11AL25G] FX We are grateful to the UMD Weather Chaos Group and the Mars atmosphere community, including Janusz Eluszkiewicz, Peter Read, Luca Montabone, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions, and to Yongjing Zhao for assistance with data analysis. This work was supported by the NASA MDAP and PATM programs, including NASA grants NNX07AM97G and NNX11AL25G. NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 117 AR E11008 DI 10.1029/2012JE004097 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 047OG UT WOS:000311849700001 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Zhao, Y Matsuda, M Ku, W Liu, XR Gu, GD Lee, DH Birgeneau, RJ Tranquada, JM Xu, GY AF Xu, Zhijun Wen, Jinsheng Zhao, Yang Matsuda, Masaaki Ku, Wei Liu, Xuerong Gu, Genda Lee, D. -H. Birgeneau, R. J. Tranquada, J. M. Xu, Guangyong TI Temperature-Dependent Transformation of the Magnetic Excitation Spectrum on Approaching Superconductivity in Fe1+y-x(Ni/Cu)(x)Te0.5Se0.5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TRANSITION; STATE AB Spin excitations are one of the top candidates for mediating electron pairing in unconventional superconductors. Their coupling to superconductivity is evident in a large number of systems, by the observation of an abrupt redistribution of magnetic spectral weight at the superconducting transition temperature, T-c, for energies comparable to the superconducting gap. Here we report inelastic neutron scattering measurements on Fe-based superconductors, Fe1-x(Ni/Cu)(x)Te0.5Se0.5, that emphasize an additional signature. The overall shape of the low energy magnetic dispersion changes from two incommensurate vertical columns at T >> T-c to a distinctly different U-shaped dispersion at low temperature. Importantly, this spectral reconstruction is apparent for temperatures up to similar to 3T(c). If the magnetic excitations are involved in the pairing mechanism, their surprising modification on the approach to T-c demonstrates that strong interactions are involved. C1 [Xu, Zhijun; Wen, Jinsheng; Ku, Wei; Liu, Xuerong; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, J. M.; Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng; Lee, D. -H.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng; Lee, D. -H.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhao, Yang] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Matsuda, Masaaki] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE FX We thank Igor Zaliznyak for useful discussions. Work at BNL is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Work at Berkeley is supported by the same office through Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The research at ORNL was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. Z. J. X. and J. S. W. contributed equally to this work. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 22 AR 227002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.227002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 044GB UT WOS:000311606300012 PM 23368150 ER PT J AU Moore, JW Carlson, SM Twardochleb, LA Hwan, JL Fox, JM Hayes, SA AF Moore, Jonathan W. Carlson, Stephanie M. Twardochleb, Laura A. Hwan, Jason L. Fox, Justin M. Hayes, Sean A. TI Trophic Tangles through Time? Opposing Direct and Indirect Effects of an Invasive Omnivore on Stream Ecosystem Processes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CRAYFISH PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; FOOD-WEB; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HEADWATER STREAM; SIGNAL CRAYFISH; RUSTY CRAYFISH; LAKE AB Omnivores can impact ecosystems via opposing direct or indirect effects. For example, omnivores that feed on herbivores and plants could either increase plant biomass due to the removal of herbivores or decrease plant biomass due to direct consumption. Thus, empirical quantification of the relative importance of direct and indirect impacts of omnivores is needed, especially the impacts of invasive omnivores. Here we investigated how an invasive omnivore (signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus) impacts stream ecosystems. First, we performed a large-scale experiment to examine the short-term (three month) direct and indirect impacts of crayfish on a stream food web. Second, we performed a comparative study of un-invaded areas and areas invaded 90 years ago to examine whether patterns from the experiment scaled up to longer time frames. In the experiment, crayfish increased leaf litter breakdown rate, decreased the abundance and biomass of other benthic invertebrates, and increased algal production. Thus, crayfish controlled detritus via direct consumption and likely drove a trophic cascade through predation on grazers. Consistent with the experiment, the comparative study also found that benthic invertebrate biomass decreased with crayfish. However, contrary to the experiment, crayfish presence was not significantly associated with higher leaf litter breakdown in the comparative study. We posit that during invasion, generalist crayfish replace the more specialized native detritivores (caddisflies), thereby leading to little long-term change in net detrital breakdown. A feeding experiment revealed that these native detritivores and the crayfish were both effective consumers of detritus. Thus, the impacts of omnivores represent a temporally-shifting interplay between direct and indirect effects that can control basal resources. C1 [Moore, Jonathan W.; Twardochleb, Laura A.; Fox, Justin M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Carlson, Stephanie M.; Hwan, Jason L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Moore, JW (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM jwmoore@sfu.ca OI Carlson, Stephanie/0000-0003-3055-6483 FU University of California Santa Cruz; University of California Berkeley; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1009018] FX This work was supported by the University of California Santa Cruz, University of California Berkeley, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB-1009018. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 69 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e50687 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0050687 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048BS UT WOS:000311885800092 PM 23209810 ER PT J AU Miller, NC Cho, E Junk, MJN Gysel, R Risko, C Kim, D Sweetnam, S Miller, CE Richter, LJ Kline, RJ Heeney, M McCulloch, I Amassian, A Acevedo-Feliz, D Knox, C Hansen, MR Dudenko, D Chmelka, BF Toney, MF Bredas, JL McGehee, MD AF Miller, Nichole Cates Cho, Eunkyung Junk, Matthias J. N. Gysel, Roman Risko, Chad Kim, Dongwook Sweetnam, Sean Miller, Chad E. Richter, Lee J. Kline, R. Joseph Heeney, Martin McCulloch, Iain Amassian, Aram Acevedo-Feliz, Daniel Knox, Christopher Hansen, Michael Ryan Dudenko, Dmytro Chmelka, Bradley F. Toney, Michael F. Bredas, Jean-Luc McGehee, Michael D. TI Use of X-Ray Diffraction, Molecular Simulations, and Spectroscopy to Determine the Molecular Packing in a Polymer-Fullerene Bimolecular Crystal SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; BULK HETEROJUNCTION MATERIALS; SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; FILMS; PHOTOVOLTAICS; POLARIZATION AB The molecular packing in a poly mer: fullerene bimolecular crystal is determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, 2D solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and IR absorption spectroscopy. The conformation of the electron-donating polymer is significantly disrupted by the incorporation of the electron-accepting fullerene molecules, which introduce twists and bends along the polymer backbone and 1D electron-conducting fullerene channels. C1 [Miller, Nichole Cates; Gysel, Roman; Sweetnam, Sean; Miller, Chad E.; McGehee, Michael D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cho, Eunkyung; Risko, Chad; Kim, Dongwook; Bredas, Jean-Luc] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cho, Eunkyung] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Junk, Matthias J. N.; Chmelka, Bradley F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Miller, Nichole Cates; Toney, Michael F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Richter, Lee J.; Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heeney, Martin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Amassian, Aram] KAUST, Phys Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Acevedo-Feliz, Daniel; Knox, Christopher] KAUST, Visualizat Core Lab, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Hansen, Michael Ryan; Dudenko, Dmytro] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP McGehee, MD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mmcgehee@stanford.edu RI Risko, Chad/A-9785-2014; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Kim, Dongwook/C-3909-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; Miller, Nichole/A-6184-2011; Bredas, Jean-Luc/A-3431-2008; Hansen, Michael Ryan/A-4519-2011; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013 OI Kim, Dongwook/0000-0003-2096-3720; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Miller, Nichole/0000-0003-0708-5943; Risko, Chad/0000-0001-9838-5233; Bredas, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-7278-4471; Hansen, Michael Ryan/0000-0001-7114-8051; Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020 FU Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics [KUS-C1-015-21]; USARO through the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies [W911NF-09-D-0001]; MRSEC program of the US NSF [DMR-0520415]; Swiss National Science Foundation; NSF; Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship FX This work was supported by the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics (Award No KUS-C1-015-21), made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). We thank Madhusudhanan Srinivasan and Dina Garatly (KAUST Visualization Center) for help in visualizing the three-dimensional structures and preparing the figures, and Craig Kapfer (KAUST IT), and Dodi Heryadi (KAUST Supercomputing Lab and Noor cluster) for assistance with the molecular-dynamics simulations. We would also like to thank Jonathan Rivnay for performing Warren-Averbach analyses on our materials. The work at UCSB was supported in part by the USARO through the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies under contract no. W911NF-09-D-0001. The NMR spectroscopy experiments were conducted in the Central Facilities of the UCSB Materials Research Laboratory supported by the MRSEC program of the US NSF under award no. DMR-0520415. R. G. and N.C.M were supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation and an NSF Fellowship, respectively. M.J.N.J. acknowledges financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We acknowledge the permission to use the Wxdiff diffraction-image-processing and data-analysis software package by Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld at SSRL (http://code.google.com/p/wxdiff) and important insight on the simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns from conversations with Dag W. Breiby. The authors thank Eric Verploegen for assistance with the He-flow sample chamber at SSRL. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedures adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 44 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 170 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 45 BP 6071 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201202293 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 051MC UT WOS:000312130300013 PM 22949357 ER PT J AU Wagner, NL Riedel, TP Roberts, JM Thornton, JA Angevine, WM Williams, EJ Lerner, BM Vlasenko, A Li, SM Dube, WP Coffman, DJ Bon, DM de Gouw, JA Kuster, WC Gilman, JB Brown, SS AF Wagner, N. L. Riedel, T. P. Roberts, J. M. Thornton, J. A. Angevine, W. M. Williams, E. J. Lerner, B. M. Vlasenko, A. Li, S. M. Dube, W. P. Coffman, D. J. Bon, D. M. de Gouw, J. A. Kuster, W. C. Gilman, J. B. Brown, S. S. TI The sea breeze/land breeze circulation in Los Angeles and its influence on nitryl chloride production in this region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CATALINA EDDY; GASEOUS N2O5; AIR-QUALITY; NITROGEN; NO3; VARIABILITY; CHEMISTRY; NITRATE; CLNO2 AB The sea breeze/land breeze diurnal circulation within the Los Angeles Basin and adjacent waters transports marine air into the basin during the day and urban air to Santa Monica Bay during the night. Nitryl chloride, ClNO2 is a nocturnal trace gas formed from the heterogeneous reaction of dinitrogen pentaoxide (N2O5) with chloride containing aerosol. Its photolysis after sunrise produces atomic chlorine radicals and regenerates NO2, both of which may increase ozone production. Mixing of the chloride source from marine sea salt with the urban NOx source in Los Angeles provides conditions ideal for the production of ClNO2. This paper presents an analysis using a wind profiler on the coast and measurements of ClNO2 and its precursors made from both ship and aircraft to assess the prevailing meteorological conditions important for ClNO2 production in this region, with a particular focus on the production over water within the land breeze phase of the circulation. A box model is used to calculate an upper limit to the amount of ClNO2 capable of being produced strictly over Santa Monica Bay during the land breeze. On three out of the four nights of ClNO2 measurements in Santa Monica Bay, the ClNO2 exceeds the upper limit calculated using the box model and shows that the majority of the ClNO2 is produced over the city and transported to Santa Monica Bay by the land breeze. This ClNO2 transport suggests the sea breeze more efficiently transports aerosol chloride inland than land breeze transports NOx offshore. C1 [Wagner, N. L.; Roberts, J. M.; Angevine, W. M.; Williams, E. J.; Lerner, B. M.; Dube, W. P.; Bon, D. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Kuster, W. C.; Gilman, J. B.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wagner, N. L.; Angevine, W. M.; Williams, E. J.; Lerner, B. M.; Dube, W. P.; Bon, D. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Kuster, W. C.; Gilman, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riedel, T. P.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riedel, T. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vlasenko, A.; Li, S. M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Coffman, D. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wagner, NL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R CSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nick.wagner@noaa.gov RI Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010 OI Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 77 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V24 DI 10.1029/2012JD017810 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047MF UT WOS:000311844300001 ER PT J AU Sagi, Y Drake, TE Paudel, R Jin, DS AF Sagi, Yoav Drake, Tara E. Paudel, Rabin Jin, Deborah S. TI Measurement of the Homogeneous Contact of a Unitary Fermi Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB By selectively probing the center of a trapped gas, we measure the local, or homogeneous, contact of a unitary Fermi gas as a function of temperature. Tan's contact, C, is proportional to the derivative of the energy with respect to the interaction strength and is thus an essential thermodynamic quantity for a gas with short-range correlations. Theoretical predictions for the temperature dependence of C differ substantially, especially near the superfluid transition, T-c, where C is predicted to either sharply decrease, sharply increase, or change very little. For T/T-F > 0.4, our measurements of the homogeneous gas contact show a gradual decrease of C with increasing temperature, as predicted by theory. We observe a sharp decrease in C at T/TF 0.16, which may be due to the superfluid phase transition. While a sharp decrease in C below T-c is predicted by some many-body theories, we find that none of the predictions fully account for the data. C1 [Sagi, Yoav] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sagi, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu OI Sagi, Yoav/0000-0002-3897-1393 FU NSF; NIST FX We acknowledge funding from the NSF and NIST. We thank the JILA BEC group for discussions. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 22 AR 220402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.220402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 043MB UT WOS:000311546600001 PM 23368108 ER PT J AU Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M Piacentini, F Traina, P Della Frera, A Tosi, A Shehata, AB Scarcella, C Gulinatti, A Ghioni, M Polyakov, SV Migdall, A Giudice, A AF Brida, G. Degiovanni, I. P. Genovese, M. Piacentini, F. Traina, P. Della Frera, A. Tosi, A. Shehata, A. Bahgat Scarcella, C. Gulinatti, A. Ghioni, M. Polyakov, S. V. Migdall, A. Giudice, A. TI An extremely low-noise heralded single-photon source: A breakthrough for quantum technologies SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TELECOM WAVELENGTH; CALIBRATION; DETECTORS; EMISSION; RADIOMETRY; SYSTEM; LIGHT AB Low noise single-photon sources are a critical element for quantum technologies. We present a heralded single-photon source with an extremely low level of residual background photons, by implementing low-jitter detectors and electronics and a fast custom-made pulse generator controlling an optical shutter (a LiNbO3 waveguide optical switch) on the output of the source. This source has a second-order autocorrelation g((2))(0) = 0.005(7), and an output noise factor (defined as the ratio of the number of noise photons to total photons at the source output channel) of 0.25(1)%. These are the best performance characteristics reported to date. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768288] C1 [Brida, G.; Degiovanni, I. P.; Genovese, M.; Piacentini, F.; Traina, P.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Della Frera, A.; Tosi, A.; Shehata, A. Bahgat; Scarcella, C.; Gulinatti, A.; Ghioni, M.] Politecn Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giudice, A.] Micro Photon Devices Srl, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. RP Brida, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RI Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015; Traina, Paolo/O-5418-2015; GULINATTI, ANGELO/F-1335-2010; genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Tosi, Alberto/J-5275-2012 OI Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692; Traina, Paolo/0000-0003-3276-282X; GULINATTI, ANGELO/0000-0001-6701-9126; genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Tosi, Alberto/0000-0003-1210-2875 FU European Union [912/2009/EC, IND06-MIQC]; MIUR, FIRB [RBFR10YQ3H, RBFR10UAUV]; Compagnia di San Paolo FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union on the basis of Decision No. 912/2009/EC (project IND06-MIQC), by MIUR, FIRB RBFR10YQ3H and RBFR10UAUV, and by Compagnia di San Paolo. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 22 AR 221112 DI 10.1063/1.4768288 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 049FF UT WOS:000311967000012 ER PT J AU Rumaiz, AK Woicik, JC Weiland, C Xie, Q Siddons, DP Jaffari, GH Detavernier, C AF Rumaiz, A. K. Woicik, J. C. Weiland, C. Xie, Q. Siddons, D. P. Jaffari, G. H. Detavernier, C. TI Band alignment in Ge/GeOx/HfO2/TiO2 heterojunctions as measured by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER; PHOTOEMISSION; DEPOSITION; TIO2 AB We investigate the interlayer (IL) thickness dependence of band offsets in a germanium based bilayer metal-oxide-semiconductor sandwich with an amorphous plasma enhanced atomic layer deposited (PE-ALD) HfO2 IL and PE-ALD grown TiO2 high k gate dielectric using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The native Ge oxide shifts to higher oxidation state as the thickness of the IL layer was increased. The Hf 4f core line shows a broadening with increasing thickness, indicating the formation of Hf-Ge germanate. We observed a deviation from the bulk offset for films with ultra thin layers of HfO2. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768947] C1 [Rumaiz, A. K.; Siddons, D. P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Woicik, J. C.; Weiland, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xie, Q.; Detavernier, C.] Univ Ghent, Dept Solid State Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Jaffari, G. H.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Jaffari, G. H.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Rumaiz, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX A.K.R. and J.C.W. would like to thank Mark Hybertsen, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory for discussion. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 58 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 22 AR 222110 DI 10.1063/1.4768947 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 049FF UT WOS:000311967000045 ER PT J AU Purdy, TP Peterson, RW Yu, PL Regal, CA AF Purdy, T. P. Peterson, R. W. Yu, P-L Regal, C. A. TI Cavity optomechanics with Si3N4 membranes at cryogenic temperatures SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENT; RADIATION-PRESSURE; GROUND-STATE; NOISE; OSCILLATOR; MOTION AB We describe a cryogenic cavity-optomechanical system that combines Si3N4 membranes with a mechanically rigid Fabry-Perot cavity. The extremely high products of quality factor and frequency of the membranes allow us to cool a MHz mechanical mode to a phonon occupation of (n) over bar < 10, starting at a bath temperature of 5 K. We show that even at cold temperatures thermally occupied mechanical modes of the cavity elements can be a limitation, and we discuss methods to reduce these effects sufficiently for achieving ground state cooling. This promising new platform should have versatile uses for hybrid devices and searches for radiation pressure shot noise. C1 [Purdy, T. P.; Peterson, R. W.; Yu, P-L; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Purdy, T. P.; Peterson, R. W.; Yu, P-L; Regal, C. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Purdy, T. P.; Peterson, R. W.; Yu, P-L; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Purdy, TP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tpp@jila.colorado.edu RI Yu, Pen-Li/J-5062-2012 OI Yu, Pen-Li/0000-0002-7266-0708 FU DARPA QuASAR program; ONR YIP; JILA NSF-PFC; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; NRC FX This work was supported by the DARPA QuASAR program, ONR YIP and JILA NSF-PFC. We thank Konrad Lehnert's group for helpful input. CR thanks the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for support. TP thanks the NRC for support. NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 26 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 115021 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/11/115021 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 043WU UT WOS:000311582200003 ER PT J AU Edwards, M Krygier, M Seddiqi, H Benton, B Clark, CW AF Edwards, Mark Krygier, Michael Seddiqi, Hadayat Benton, Brandon Clark, Charles W. TI Approximate mean-field equations of motion for quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein-condensate systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL METHOD; OPTICAL LATTICES; VORTICES; DYNAMICS; VORTEX AB We present a method for approximating the solution of the three-dimensional, time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) for Bose-Einstein-condensate systems where the confinement in one dimension is much tighter than in the other two. This method employs a hybrid Lagrangian variational technique whose trial wave function is the product of a completely unspecified function of the coordinates in the plane of weak confinement and a Gaussian in the strongly confined direction having a time-dependent width and quadratic phase. The hybrid Lagrangian variational method produces equations of motion that consist of (1) a two-dimensional (2D) effective GPE whose nonlinear coefficient contains the width of the Gaussian and (2) an equation of motion for the width that depends on the integral of the fourth power of the solution of the 2D effective GPE. We apply this method to the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates confined in ring-shaped potentials and compare the approximate solution to the numerical solution of the full 3D GPE. C1 [Edwards, Mark; Krygier, Michael; Seddiqi, Hadayat; Benton, Brandon] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Insitute, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402 FU US National Science Foundation [PHY-1004975, PHY-0758111]; Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0822671]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This material is based upon work supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grants No. PHY-1004975 and No. PHY-0758111, the Physics Frontier Center Grant No. PHY-0822671, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Kevin Wright, Gretchen Campbell, and Noel Murray. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV 26 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 5 AR 056710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.056710 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 043NM UT WOS:000311550700013 PM 23214909 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Free, M Wang, JS AF Seidel, Dian J. Free, Melissa Wang, James S. TI Reexamining the warming in the tropical upper troposphere: Models versus radiosonde observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; TIME-SERIES; RECORDS AB A recent study of 1979-2010 tropical tropospheric temperature trends in climate model simulations and satellite microwave sounding unit (MSU) observations concluded that, although both showed greater warming in the upper than lower troposphere, the vertical amplification of warming was exaggerated in most models. We repeat that analysis of temperature trends, vertical difference trends, and trend ratios using five radiosonde datasets. Some, but not all, comparisons support the notion that vertical amplification in models exceeds that observed. However, larger ranges of radiosonde trends compared with those for MSU, and the sensitivity of results to the upper-tropospheric level analyzed, make it difficult to conclude unambiguously that models are inconsistent with radiosonde observations. The larger ranges are due to the availability of more radiosonde datasets with different approaches for adjusting measurement biases. Together these two studies highlight challenges of using imperfect observations of tropical tropospheric temperature over a few decades to assess climate model performance. Citation: Seidel, D. J., M. Free, and J. S. Wang (2012), Reexamining the warming in the tropical upper troposphere: Models versus radiosonde observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L22701, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053850. C1 [Seidel, Dian J.; Free, Melissa; Wang, James S.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, James S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov FU NOAA Air Resources Laboratory through a National Research Council Research Associateship FX J.S.W. was supported by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory through a National Research Council Research Associateship. We are grateful to Qiang Fu, Syukuro Manabe, and Celeste Johanson for generously providing processed model results and for helpful discussions. We thank Yehui Zhang for computer code, and Leopold Haimberger for RICH data. Qiang Fu, Jim Angell and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive review comments. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 22 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L22701 DI 10.1029/2012GL053850 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 043QV UT WOS:000311561600002 ER PT J AU Bentley, PM Kennedy, SJ Andersen, KH Rodriguez, DM Mildner, DFR AF Bentley, Phillip M. Kennedy, Shane J. Andersen, Ken H. Rodriguez, Damian Martin Mildner, David F. R. TI Correction of optical aberrations in elliptic neutron guides SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Neutron guide; Elliptic; Parabolic; Ballistic; Conic section ID SPECTROMETER AB Modern, nonlinear ballistic neutron guides are an attractive concept in neutron beam delivery and instrumentation because they offer increased performance over straight or linearly tapered guides. However, like other ballistic geometries they have the potential to create significantly non-trivial instrumental resolution functions. We address the source of the most prominent optical aberration, namely coma, and we show that for extended sources the off-axis rays have a different focal length from on-axis rays, leading to multiple reflections in the guide system. We illustrate how the interplay between coma, sources of finite size, and mirrors with non-perfect reflectivity can therefore conspire to produce uneven distributions in the neutron beam divergence, a source of complicated resolution functions. To solve these problems, we propose a hybrid elliptic-parabolic guide geometry. Using this new kind of neutron guide shape, it is possible to condition the neutron beam and remove almost all of the aberrations, whilst providing the same performance in beam current as a standard elliptic neutron guide. We highlight the positive implications for neutron scattering instruments that this new shape can bring. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bentley, Phillip M.; Andersen, Ken H.] European Spallat Source ESS AB, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Bentley, Phillip M.; Kennedy, Shane J.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Rodriguez, Damian Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentley, PM (reprint author), European Spallat Source ESS AB, Box 176, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM phillip.bentley@esss.se NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 693 BP 268 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2012.07.002 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 036EE UT WOS:000311008400035 ER PT J AU Fritsch, K Yamani, Z Chang, S Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Ramazanoglu, M Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Fritsch, K. Yamani, Z. Chang, S. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Ramazanoglu, M. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Magnetic order and fluctuations in the presence of quenched disorder in the kagome staircase system (Co1-xMgx)(3)V2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL POINT; PERCOLATION; DIMENSIONS; BEHAVIOR; NI3V2O8; LATTICE; CO3V2O8; PHASE AB Co3V2O8 is an orthorhombic magnet in which S = 3/2 magnetic moments reside on two crystallographically inequivalent Co2+ sites, which decorate a stacked, buckled version of the two-dimensional kagome lattice, the stacked kagome staircase. The magnetic interactions between the Co2+ moments in this structure lead to a complex magnetic phase diagram at low temperature, wherein it exhibits a series of five transitions below 11 K that ultimately culminate in a ferromagnetic ground state below T similar to 6.2 K. Here we report magnetization measurements on single- and polycrystalline samples of (Co1-xMgx)(3)V2O8 for x < 0.23, as well as elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements on single crystals of magnetically dilute (Co1-xMgx)(3)V2O8 for x = 0.029 and x = 0.194, in which nonmagnetic Mg2+ ions substitute for magnetic Co2+. We find that a dilution of 2.9% leads to a suppression of the ferromagnetic transition temperature by similar to 15% while a dilution level of 19.4% is sufficient to destroy ferromagnetic long-range order in this material down to a temperature of at least 1.5 K. The magnetic excitation spectrum is characterized by two spin wave branches in the ordered phase for (Co1-xMgx)(3)V2O8 (x = 0.029), similar to that of the pure x = 0 material, and by broad diffuse scattering at temperatures below 10 K in (Co1-xMgx)(3)V2O8 (x = 0.194). Such a strong dependence of the transition temperatures on long-range order in the presence of quenched nonmagnetic impurities is consistent with two-dimensional physics driving the transitions. We further provide a simple percolation model that semiquantitatively explains the inability of this system to establish long-range magnetic order at the unusually low dilution levels which we observe in our experiments. C1 [Fritsch, K.; Ramazanoglu, M.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Yamani, Z.] Chalk River Labs, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Natl Res Council, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. [Chang, S.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Fritsch, K (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NSERC of Canada FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772, and was supported by NSERC of Canada. The DAVE software package38 was used for data reduction and analysis of DCS data. The authors would like to thank A.B. Dabkowski and C. Majerrison for assistance with sample preparation and P. Dube for assistance with the magnetization measurements. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 17 AR 174421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.174421 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 041BY UT WOS:000311372400003 ER PT J AU Rowland, W Weigel, RS AF Rowland, W. Weigel, R. S. TI Intracalibration of particle detectors on a three-axis stabilized geostationary platform SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB We describe an algorithm for intracalibration of measurements from plasma or energetic particle detectors on a three-axis stabilized platform. Modeling and forecasting of Earth's radiation belt environment requires data from particle instruments, and these data depend on measurements which have an inherent calibration uncertainty. Pre-launch calibration is typically performed, but on-orbit changes in the instrument often necessitate adjustment of calibration parameters to mitigate the effect of these changes on the measurements. On-orbit calibration practices for particle detectors aboard spin-stabilized spacecraft are well established. Three-axis stabilized platforms, however, pose unique challenges even when comparisons are being performed between multiple telescopes measuring the same energy ranges aboard the same satellite. This algorithm identifies time intervals when different telescopes are measuring particles with the same pitch angles. These measurements are used to compute scale factors which can be multiplied by the pre-launch geometric factor to correct any changes. The approach is first tested using measurements from GOES-13 MAGED particle detectors over a 5-month time period in 2010. We find statistically significant variations which are generally on the order of 5% or less. These results do not appear to be dependent on Poisson statistics nor upon whether a dead time correction was performed. When applied to data from a 5-month interval in 2011, one telescope shows a 10% shift from the 2010 scale factors. This technique has potential for operational use to help maintain relative calibration between multiple telescopes aboard a single satellite. It should also be extensible to inter-calibration between multiple satellites. C1 [Rowland, W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rowland, W.; Weigel, R. S.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rowland, W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Rowland, W.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Rowland, W (reprint author), NOAA, Solar Terr Phys Div, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM william.rowland@noaa.gov FU GOES-R Program Office; NSF [0457577] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Terry Onsager (SWPC), whose work was a progenitor for this effort. They also thank Juan Rodriguez (CIRES, SWPC, and NGDC), Janet Green (NGDC), and Howard Singer (SWPC) for many helpful conversations. The authors thank the reviewers for helpful comments. This research was performed using data supplied by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). Special thanks are given to Dan Wilkinson and Bill Denig who helped with data access. The work by WR was partially funded by the GOES-R Program Office. RSW and WR were supported by NSF grant 0457577: FDSS: Faculty Development in Space Weather Research: A Systems Perspective. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD NOV 21 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S11002 DI 10.1029/2012SW000816 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 043SL UT WOS:000311568200002 ER PT J AU Fabregat-Cabello, N Rodriguez-Gonzalez, P Castillo, A Malherbe, J Roig-Navarro, AF Long, SE Alonso, JIG AF Fabregat-Cabello, Neus Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo Castillo, Angel Malherbe, Julien Roig-Navarro, Antoni F. Long, Stephen E. Garcia Alonso, J. Ignacio TI Fast and Accurate Procedure for the Determination of Cr(VI) in Solid Samples by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; SOIL SAMPLES; EXTRACTION; SPECIATION; STANDARD AB We present here a new environmental measurement method for the rapid extraction and accurate quantification of Cr(VI) in solid samples. The quantitative extraction of Cr(VI) is achieved in 10 minutes by means of focused microwave assisted extraction using 50 mmol/L Ethylendiamintetraacetic acid (EDTA) at pH 10 as extractant. In addition, it enables the separation of Cr species by anion exchange chromatography using a mobile phase which is a 1:10 dilution of the extracting solution. Thus, neutralization or acidification steps which are prone to cause interconversion of Cr species are not needed. Another benefit of using EDTA is that it allows to measure Cr(III)-EDTA complex and Cr(VI) simultaneously in an alkaline extraction solution. The application of a 10 minutes focused microwave assisted extraction (5 min at 90 degrees C plus 5 min at 110 degrees C) has been shown to quantitatively extract all forms of hexavalent chromium from the standard reference materials (SRM) candidate NIST 2700 and NIST 2701. A double spike isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) procedure was employed to study chromium interconversion reactions. It was observed that the formation of a Cr(III)-EDTA complex avoided Cr(III) oxidation for these two reference materials. Thus, the use of a double spiking strategy for quantification is not required and a single spike IDMS procedure using isotopically enriched Cr(VI) provided accurate results. C1 [Fabregat-Cabello, Neus; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Garcia Alonso, J. Ignacio] Univ Oviedo, Fac Chem, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. [Castillo, Angel; Roig-Navarro, Antoni F.] Univ Jaume 1, Res Inst Pesticides & Water, Castellon de La Plana 12071, Spain. [Malherbe, Julien; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alonso, JIG (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Fac Chem, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, Julian Claveria 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. EM jiga@uniovi.es RI Roig i Navarro, Antoni F/L-4464-2014; Alonso, Jose/H-6795-2015; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo/D-1718-2014; OI Roig i Navarro, Antoni F/0000-0001-6273-4956; Alonso, Jose/0000-0002-8356-3866; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo/0000-0001-9317-8833; Fabregat Cabello, Neus/0000-0002-5898-8176 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CTQ2009-12814]; FICYT (Asturias) [PC10-49]; Fundacio Caixa Castello-Bancaixa [P1-1B20209-9]; Generalitat Valenciana (Research group of excellence Prometeo) [2009/054]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Ramon y Cajal Program FX We are grateful for financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through project ref CTQ2009-12814 and to FICYT (Asturias) through project PC10-49. Fundacio Caixa Castello-Bancaixa through project P1-1B20209-9 and Generalitat Valenciana (Research group of excellence Prometeo 2009/054) are also acknowledged for financial support. Pablo Rodriguez-Gonzalez acknowledges his research contract to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Ramon y Cajal Program. DISCLAIMER: Certain commercial equipment, instruments or materials are identified in this work to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 22 BP 12542 EP 12549 DI 10.1021/es3022864 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 047WZ UT WOS:000311873500037 PM 23092182 ER PT J AU Rogers, PH Benkstein, KD Semancik, S AF Rogers, Phillip H. Benkstein, Kurt D. Semancik, Steve TI Machine Learning Applied to Chemical Analysis: Sensing Multiple Biomarkers in Simulated Breath Using a Temperature-Pulsed Electronic-Nose SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EXHALED BREATH; LUNG-CANCER; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIAGNOSIS; SENSORS; ACETONE; MS AB Monitoring of chemical species in breath offers an approach for the detection of disease and other conditions that cause homeostatic imbalance. Here, we demonstrate the use of microsensor-based devices for detecting select biomarkers in simulated exhaled breath as a step toward enabling fast and inexpensive breath-screening technology. Microhotplate elements functionalized with three chemiresistive metal-oxide films (SnO2, In2O3, and CuO) were used to acquire data in simulated breath containing single targets [(5 to 20) mu mol/mol ammonia, methanol, and acetone], as well as mixtures of those species. All devices were operated with programmed thermal cycles featuring rapid temperature excursions, during which film resistances were measured. Material-specific temperature programs were optimized to achieve temperature-dependent metal-oxide sensing film conductance levels and target selectivity. A supervised hierarchical machine-learning algorithm using linear discriminant analysis for dimensional reduction of sensing data and discrimination was developed. This algorithm was employed in the classification and quantification of biomarkers. This approach to microsensor data collection and processing was successful in classifying and quantifying the model biomarkers in validation-set mixtures. C1 [Rogers, Phillip H.; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Semancik, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steves@nist.gov FU NIST Postdoctoral Research Associateship Award FX The authors thank Eric Dattoli, Chip Montgomery, and Dean Ripple for valuable comments and assistance relevant to this work. P.H.R. was supported by a NIST Postdoctoral Research Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 22 BP 9774 EP 9781 DI 10.1021/ac301687j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 055RP UT WOS:000312434800019 PM 23009701 ER PT J AU Ritchie, NWM Newbury, DE AF Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. Newbury, Dale E. TI Uncertainty Estimates for Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis Measurements SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB It has been over 60 years since Castaing (Castaing, It Application of Electron Probes to Local Chemical and Crystallographic Analysis. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Paris, Paris, France, 1951; translated by P. Duwez and D. Wittry, California Institute of Technology, 1955) introduced the technique of electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), yet the community remains unable to quantify some of the largest terms in the technique's uncertainty budget. Historically, the EPMA community has assigned uncertainties to its measurements which reflect the measurement precision portion of the uncertainty budget and omitted terms related to the measurement accuracy. Yet, in many cases, the precision represents only a small fraction of the total budget. This paper addresses this shortcoming by considering two significant sources of uncertainty in the quantitative matrix correction models-the mass absorption coefficient, [mu/rho], and the backscatter coefficient, eta. Understanding the influence of these sources provides insight into the utility of EPMA measurements, and equally important, it allows practitioners to develop strategies to optimize measurement accuracy by minimizing the influence of poorly known model parameters. C1 [Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.; Newbury, Dale E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ritchie, NWM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.ritchie@nist.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 22 BP 9956 EP 9962 DI 10.1021/ac301843h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 055RP UT WOS:000312434800042 PM 23088729 ER PT J AU Sisan, DR Halter, M Hubbard, JB Plant, AL AF Sisan, Daniel R. Halter, Michael Hubbard, Joseph B. Plant, Anne L. TI Predicting rates of cell state change caused by stochastic fluctuations using a data-driven landscape model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE population distribution; dynamical systems; stochastic protein expression; biological noise ID C PROMOTER ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; TENASCIN-C; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; SINGLE-CELL; NOISE; VARIABILITY; PATHWAYS; FAMILY AB We develop a potential landscape approach to quantitatively describe experimental data from a fibroblast cell line that exhibits a wide range of GFP expression levels under the control of the promoter for tenascin-C. Time-lapse live-cell microscopy provides data about short-term fluctuations in promoter activity, and flow cytometry measurements provide data about the long-term kinetics, because isolated subpopulations of cells relax from a relatively narrow distribution of GFP expression back to the original broad distribution of responses. The landscape is obtained from the steady state distribution of GFP expression and connected to a potential-like function using a stochastic differential equation description (Langevin/Fokker-Planck). The range of cell states is constrained by a force that is proportional to the gradient of the potential, and biochemical noise causes movement of cells within the landscape. Analyzing the mean square displacement of GFP intensity changes in live cells indicates that these fluctuations are described by a single diffusion constant in log GFP space. This finding allows application of the Kramers' model to calculate rates of switching between two attractor states and enables an accurate simulation of the dynamics of relaxation back to the steady state with no adjustable parameters. With this approach, it is possible to use the steady state distribution of phenotypes and a quantitative description of the short-term fluctuations in individual cells to accurately predict the rates at which different phenotypes will arise from an isolated subpopulation of cells. C1 [Sisan, Daniel R.; Halter, Michael; Hubbard, Joseph B.; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Plant, AL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.plant@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council (NRC) FX This work was funded, in part, by a National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship (to D.R.S.). Any mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 47 BP 19262 EP 19267 DI 10.1073/pnas.1207544109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 049PZ UT WOS:000311997200053 PM 23115330 ER PT J AU Khanna, J Bandoro, J Sica, RJ McElroy, CT AF Khanna, Jaya Bandoro, Justin Sica, R. J. McElroy, C. Thomas TI New technique for retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles from Rayleigh-scatter lidar measurements using nonlinear inversion SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; SYSTEM AB The conventional method of calculating atmospheric temperature profiles using Rayleigh-scattering lidar measurements has limitations that necessitate abandoning temperatures retrieved at the greatest heights, due to the assumption of a pressure value required to initialize the integration at the highest altitude. An inversion approach is used to develop an alternative way of retrieving nightly atmospheric temperature profiles from the lidar measurements. Measurements obtained by the Purple Crow lidar facility located near The University of Western Ontario are used to develop and test this new technique. Our results show temperatures can be reliably retrieved at all heights where measurements with adequate signal-to-noise ratio exist. A Monte Carlo technique was developed to provide accurate estimates of both the systematic and random uncertainties for the retrieved nightly average temperature profile. An advantage of this new method is the ability to seed the temperature integration from the lowest rather than the greatest height, where the variability of the pressure is smaller than in the mesosphere or lower thermosphere and may in practice be routinely measured by a radiosonde, rather than requiring a rocket or satellite-borne measurement. Thus, this new technique extends the altitude range of existing Rayleigh-scatter lidars 10-15 km, producing the equivalent of four times the power-aperture product. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Khanna, Jaya; Bandoro, Justin; Sica, R. J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Khanna, Jaya] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [McElroy, C. Thomas] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Sica, RJ (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM sica@uwo.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We would like to acknowledge support of this research by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We would also like to thank the reviewers for their insightful and helpful comments. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 33 BP 7945 EP 7952 DI 10.1364/AO.51.007945 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 041QH UT WOS:000311415800008 PM 23207304 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Berlijn, T Gehring, PM Stock, C Stone, MB Ku, W Gu, GD Shapiro, SM Birgeneau, RJ Xu, GY AF Xu, Zhijun Wen, Jinsheng Berlijn, Tom Gehring, Peter M. Stock, Christopher Stone, M. B. Ku, Wei Gu, Genda Shapiro, Stephen M. Birgeneau, R. J. Xu, Guangyong TI Thermal evolution of the full three-dimensional magnetic excitations in the multiferroic BiFeO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; BISMUTH FERRITE; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTAL AB We present neutron inelastic scattering measurements of the full three-dimensional spin-wave dispersion in the multiferroic material BiFeO3 for temperatures from 5 to 700 K. Despite the presence of strong electromagnetic coupling, the magnetic excitations behave as conventional magnons over all parts of the Brillouin zone. At low temperature the spin waves are well-defined coherent modes, described by a classical model for a G-type antiferromagnet. A softening of the spin-wave velocity and broadening in energy is already present at room temperature, which is well below the Neel temperature T-N similar to 640 K, and increases on heating. In addition, a strong hybridization of the Fe 3d and O 2p states is found to modify significantly the distribution of the spin-wave spectral weight, which implies that the spins are not restricted to the Fe atomic sites as previously believed. C1 [Xu, Zhijun; Berlijn, Tom; Ku, Wei; Gu, Genda; Shapiro, Stephen M.; Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gehring, Peter M.; Stock, Christopher] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stone, M. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Berlijn, Tom/A-3859-2016; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Berlijn, Tom/0000-0002-1001-2238; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX Z.J.X., T.B., W.K., G.D.G., S.M.S., and G.Y.X. acknowledge support by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. J.W. and R.J.B. are supported by the same office through Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 20 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 17 AR 174419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.174419 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 039UR UT WOS:000311272500001 ER PT J AU Zhong, T Wong, FNC Restelli, A Bienfang, JC AF Zhong, Tian Wong, Franco N. C. Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. TI Efficient single-spatial-mode periodically-poled KTiOPO4 waveguide source for high-dimensional entanglement-based quantum key distribution SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBER; TIME; PHOTONS AB We demonstrate generation of high-purity photon pairs at 1560 nm in a single spatial mode from a periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) waveguide. With nearly lossless spectral filtering, the PPKTP waveguide source shows approximately 80 % single-mode fiber coupling efficiency and is well suited for high-dimensional time-energy entanglement-based quantum key distribution. Using high-count-rate self-differencing InGaAs single-photon avalanche photodiodes configured with either square or sinusoidal gating, we achieve > 1 Mbit/s raw key generation with 3 bits-per-photon encoding, and, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported Franson quantum-interference visibility of 98.2 % without subtraction of accidental coincidences. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhong, Tian; Wong, Franco N. C.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhong, T (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tzhong@mit.edu RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 FU DARPA InPho program; US Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0416] FX This work was supported by the DARPA InPho program, including US Army Research Office award W911NF-10-1-0416. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 24 BP 26868 EP 26877 DI 10.1364/OE.20.026868 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 055YB UT WOS:000312452800075 PM 23187540 ER PT J AU Moore, M Berejikian, BA Tezak, EP AF Moore, Megan Berejikian, Barry A. Tezak, Eugene P. TI Variation in the Early Marine Survival and Behavior of Natural and Hatchery-Reared Hood Canal Steelhead SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PUGET-SOUND; WILD POPULATIONS; MARKED ANIMALS; PACIFIC SALMON; GROWTH; TROUT; SMOLTS AB Background: Hatchery-induced selection and direct effects of the culture environment can both cause captively bred fish populations to survive at low rates and behave unnaturally in the wild. New approaches to fish rearing in conservation hatcheries seek to reduce hatchery-induced selection, maintain genetic resources, and improve the survival of released fish. Methodology/Principal Findings: This study used acoustic telemetry to compare three years of early marine survival estimates for two wild steelhead populations to survival of two populations raised at two different conservation hatcheries located within the Hood Canal watershed. Steelhead smolts from one conservation hatchery survived with probabilities similar to the two wild populations (freshwater: 95.8-96.9%, early marine: 10.0-15.9%), while smolts from the other conservation hatchery exhibited reduced freshwater and early marine survival (freshwater: 50.2-58.7%, early marine: 2.6-5.1%). Freshwater and marine travel rates did not differ significantly between wild and hatchery individuals from the same stock, though hatchery smolts did display reduced migration ranges within Hood Canal. Between-hatchery differences in rearing density and vessel geometry likely affected survival and behavior after release and contributed to greater variation between hatcheries than between wild populations. Conclusions/Significance: Our results suggest that hatchery-reared smolts can achieve early marine survival rates similar to wild smolt survival rates, and that migration performance of hatchery-reared steelhead can vary substantially depending on the environmental conditions and practices employed during captivity. C1 [Moore, Megan; Berejikian, Barry A.; Tezak, Eugene P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM megan.moore@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 53 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 19 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e49645 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049645 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 040PB UT WOS:000311333800045 PM 23185393 ER PT J AU Czeschel, R Stramma, L Johnson, GC AF Czeschel, Rena Stramma, Lothar Johnson, Gregory C. TI Oxygen decreases and variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MINIMUM ZONES; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; TEMPERATURES; VELOCITY; HYPOXIA; MODEL AB Observations indicate increasingly large and strong oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the tropical Pacific over recent decades. Here we report on oxygen decreases and variability within the eastern equatorial Pacific OMZ. We construct time series from historical and profiling float oxygen data and analyze data from repeat hydrographic sections at 110 degrees W and 85 degrees 50'W. Historical data are quite sparse for constructing oxygen time series, but floats with oxygen sensors prove to be good tools to fill measurement gaps in later parts of these time series. In the region just south of the equator a time series over the last 34 years reveals that oxygen decreases from 200 to 700 m at a rate between 0.50 and 0.83 mu mol kg(-1) yr(-1). This strong decrease seems to be related to changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Oscillations on shorter time scales (e.g., an El Nino signal in the upper 350 m) are superimposed upon this trend. In the section data, a general trend of decreasing oxygen is present below the surface layer. While velocity differences appear related to oxygen differences in the equatorial channel, there is less correlation elsewhere. Contrasting with long-term trend computations, the trends derived from two repeat sections are obscured by the influence of seasonal and longer-term variability. Multidecadal variability (e.g., PDO) has the strongest influence on long-term trends, while El Nino, isopycnal heave, current variability, seasonal cycles, and temperature changes are less important. C1 [Czeschel, Rena; Stramma, Lothar] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Czeschel, R (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM rczeschel@geomar.de RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU GEOMAR; NOAA Office of Ocean and Atmospheric Research; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB754] FX Financial support was received through the GEOMAR (R.C. and L.S.) and the NOAA Office of Ocean and Atmospheric Research (G.C.J.). This work is a contribution of the DFG-supported project SFB754 (http://www.sfb754.de/) which is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. PMEL publication 3759. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C11019 DI 10.1029/2012JC008043 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 039ML UT WOS:000311250100002 ER PT J AU Papa, F Bala, SK Pandey, RK Durand, F Gopalakrishna, VV Rahman, A Rossow, WB AF Papa, Fabrice Bala, Sujit K. Pandey, Rajesh K. Durand, Fabien Gopalakrishna, V. V. Rahman, Atiqur Rossow, William B. TI Ganga-Brahmaputra river discharge from Jason-2 radar altimetry: An update to the long-term satellite-derived estimates of continental freshwater forcing flux into the Bay of Bengal SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AMAZON BASIN; ARABIAN SEA; DYNAMICS; LEVEL; SALINITY; WETLANDS; MODEL; OCEAN AB This paper discusses the use of Jason-2 radar altimeter measurements to estimate the Ganga-Brahmaputra surface freshwater flux into the Bay of Bengal for the period mid-2008 to December 2011. A previous estimate was generated for 1993-2008 using TOPEX-Poseidon, ERS-2 and ENVISAT, and is now extended using Jason-2. To take full advantages of the new availability of in situ rating curves, the processing scheme is adapted and the adjustments of the methodology are discussed here. First, using a large sample of in situ river height measurements, we estimate the standard error of Jason-2-derived water levels over the Ganga and the Brahmaputra to be respectively of 0.28 m and 0.19 m, or less than similar to 4% of the annual peak-to-peak variations of these two rivers. Using the in situ rating curves between water levels and river discharges, we show that Jason-2 accurately infers Ganga and Brahmaputra instantaneous discharges for 2008-2011 with mean errors ranging from similar to 2180 m(3)/s (6.5%) over the Brahmaputra to similar to 1458 m(3)/s (13%) over the Ganga. The combined Ganga-Brahmaputra monthly discharges meet the requirements of acceptable accuracy (15-20%) with a mean error of similar to 16% for 2009-2011 and similar to 17% for 1993-2011. The Ganga-Brahmaputra monthly discharge at the river mouths is then presented, showing a marked interannual variability with a standard deviation of similar to 12500 m(3)/s, much larger than the data set uncertainty. Finally, using in situ sea surface salinity observations, we illustrate the possible impact of extreme continental freshwater discharge event on the northern Bay of Bengal as observed in 2008. C1 [Papa, Fabrice; Durand, Fabien] Inst Rech Dev, LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [Bala, Sujit K.] Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Inst Water & Flood Management, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Pandey, Rajesh K.] Univ Toulouse 3, LEGOS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Gopalakrishna, V. V.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji, Goa, India. [Rahman, Atiqur] Centennial Coll, ICET SETAS, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rossow, William B.] CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Papa, F (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Indofrench Cell Water Sci, IRD IISc Joint Lab, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM fabrice.papa@ird.fr RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; IFCWS, LMI/C-5187-2013; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; DURAND, Fabien/G-4229-2016 OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; DURAND, Fabien/0000-0001-9660-1422 FU TOSCA-CNES project Sea level-Alk from CNES, the French Space Agency; MoES (Government of India) FX This study is funded in part by a TOSCA-CNES project Sea level-Alk from CNES, the French Space Agency. We are indebted to the people who collected in situ hydrological observations. SSS samples are collected under MoES (Government of India) supported research project. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C11021 DI 10.1029/2012JC008158 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 039ML UT WOS:000311250100003 ER PT J AU Manmana, SR Essin, AM Noack, RM Gurarie, V AF Manmana, Salvatore R. Essin, Andrew M. Noack, Reinhard M. Gurarie, Victor TI Topological invariants and interacting one-dimensional fermionic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS; QUANTIZED HALL CONDUCTANCE; TIME EVOLUTION; INSULATORS; TRANSITION; SOLITONS; STATES AB We study one-dimensional, interacting, gapped fermionic systems described by variants of the Peierls-Hubbard model, and we characterize their phases via a topological invariant constructed out of their Green's functions. We demonstrate that the existence of topologically protected, zero-energy states at the boundaries of these systems can be tied to the value of the topological invariant, just like when working with the conventional, noninteracting topological insulators. We use a combination of analytical methods and the numerical density matrix renormalization group method to calculate the values of the topological invariant throughout the phase diagrams of these systems, thus deducing when topologically protected boundary states are present. We are also able to study topological states in spin systems because, deep in the Mott insulating regime, these fermionic systems reduce to spin chains. In this way, we associate the zero-energy states at the end of an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Heisenberg chain with a topological invariant equal to 2. C1 [Manmana, Salvatore R.; Essin, Andrew M.; Gurarie, Victor] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Noack, Reinhard M.] Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Manmana, SR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, CB390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576 FU NSF [PHY-0904017] FX V.G. is grateful to A. Kitaev for discussions concerning numerical evaluations of topological invariants, and to the Aspen Center for Physics where part of this work was done. V. G. and S. R. M. were supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-0904017. We acknowledge C. Mund and A. Mai for work on the code and M. Hermele for helpful discussions. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 16 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 20 AR 205119 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.205119 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 037XT UT WOS:000311140500003 ER PT J AU Hussey, DS Spernjak, D Weber, AZ Mukundan, R Fairweather, J Brosha, EL Davey, J Spendelow, JS Jacobson, DL Borup, RL AF Hussey, D. S. Spernjak, D. Weber, A. Z. Mukundan, R. Fairweather, J. Brosha, E. L. Davey, J. Spendelow, J. S. Jacobson, D. L. Borup, R. L. TI Accurate measurement of the through-plane water content of proton-exchange membranes using neutron radiography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROCHANNEL PLATE DETECTORS; ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SCHROEDERS-PARADOX; LIQUID WATER; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; IN-SITU; NAFION; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB The water sorption of proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) was measured in situ using high-resolution neutron imaging in small-scale fuel cell test sections. A detailed characterization of the measurement uncertainties and corrections associated with the technique is presented. An image-processing procedure resolved a previously reported discrepancy between the measured and predicted membrane water content. With high-resolution neutron-imaging detectors, the water distributions across N1140 and N117 Nafion membranes are resolved in vapor-sorption experiments and during fuel cell and hydrogen-pump operation. The measured in situ water content of a restricted membrane at 80 degrees C is shown to agree with ex situ gravimetric measurements of free-swelling membranes over a water activity range of 0.5 to 1.0 including at liquid equilibration. Schroeder's paradox was verified by in situ water-content measurements which go from a high value at supersaturated or liquid conditions to a lower one with fully saturated vapor. At open circuit and during fuel cell operation, the measured water content indicates that the membrane is operating between the vapor-and liquid-equilibrated states. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4767118] C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spernjak, D.; Mukundan, R.; Fairweather, J.; Brosha, E. L.; Davey, J.; Spendelow, J. S.; Borup, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Weber, A. Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hussey, DS (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624; Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Fuel Cell Technologies; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE_AI01-01EE50660]; EERE OFCT [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Kyle Clark and Dr. Ahmet Kusoglu for their help in providing the water-uptake isotherms. They also would like to thank Dr. Stephen Grot of Ion Power for generating the extra-thick Nafion membranes and Mr. Eli Baltic of NIST for assistance with performing the neutron-imaging experiments. We thank Nuvera Fuel Cells for providing the metal-foam flow fields used in the sorption measurements. The Los Alamos team gratefully acknowledges the support of the technology development manager Nancy Garland, and funding from the US Department of Energy, the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Fuel Cell Technologies. D. S. Hussey and D. L. Jacobson acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency Agreement No. DE_AI01-01EE50660. A. Z. Weber acknowledges support from EERE OFCT under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 10 AR 104906 DI 10.1063/1.4767118 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 049GF UT WOS:000311969800167 ER PT J AU Kim, S Holloway, CL Kumley, KL Janezic, MD Baker-Jarvis, J Kuester, EF AF Kim, Sung Holloway, Christopher L. Kumley, Kendra L. Janezic, Michael D. Baker-Jarvis, James Kuester, Edward F. TI A frequency-bandgap waveguide controlled with metafilms composed of cubic particles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES; CAVITY RESONATORS; METAMATERIALS; PROPAGATION; REFLECTION; PARAMETERS; SURFACE; FILTERS AB We describe, both numerically and experimentally, a rectangular S-band waveguide having electromagnetic bandgap properties (stopbands) controlled with sheets of metafilms composed of ceramic particles. Metafilms composed of TiO2 ceramic cubes are fabricated for the waveguide loading, and 2, 3, or 4 layers are inserted. The dispersion analysis estimates the frequency ranges of the stopbands to be 2.49-2.66 GHz, 3.34-3.40 GHz, and 3.66-3.79 GHz. The field patterns at a resonance around the stopband are presented and discussed. We find that more metafilm layers provide stronger attenuation, broader stopbands, and steeper roll-offs and that the effective refractive index extracted from the reflection and transmission coefficients explains those characteristics adequately. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4767472] C1 [Kim, Sung; Holloway, Christopher L.; Janezic, Michael D.; Baker-Jarvis, James] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kumley, Kendra L.; Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sung.x.kim@nist.gov; christopher.holloway@nist.gov; kumley@colorado.edu; michael.janezic@nist.gov; edward.kuester@colorado.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories FX The authors thank Hammerschmidt of the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) in Boulder, Colorado, for special technical support arrangements. This research was supported in part by a grant from Sandia National Laboratories. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 10 AR 104904 DI 10.1063/1.4767472 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 049GF UT WOS:000311969800165 ER PT J AU Mantovanelli, A Heron, ML Heron, SF Steinberg, CR AF Mantovanelli, A. Heron, M. L. Heron, S. F. Steinberg, C. R. TI Relative dispersion of surface drifters in a barrier reef region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ONE TREE ISLAND; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; COASTAL WATERS; WAKES; MODEL; STATISTICS; ADVECTION; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; EDDIES AB The spreading of two clusters of satellite-tracked surface drifters was quantified by 'relative dispersion' and 'relative diffusivity' (the time derivative of relative dispersion) in two regions of the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR): a low-density reef matrix of complex topography and a shelf lagoon over flat bathymetry. Although based on a small data set, averaged values of these parameters over a 12 day period with concurrent measurements for the two regions indicated that relative dispersion and diffusivity of drifter pairs were 182 and 52 times greater, respectively, along the reef matrix than found in the lagoon. Relative diffusivities in the southern GBR were anisotropic and varied largely in space and time within the spatial scales of 1-100 km and temporal scales of hours to 16-20 days; they were considerably enhanced by high-frequency tidal processes. Submesoscale processes (<20 km) were important in the southern GBR, particularly in areas with complex topography where secondary circulations around the reefs and regions of steep bathymetry caused abrupt increase in dispersion. Although the dispersion was much higher along the reef matrix, the presence of ring circulations around the islands and wake eddies in the lee of islands can act as trapping mechanisms to keep particles within the reef matrix, retarding the loss to open water areas. This provides an efficient physical mechanism for both enhancing larval connectivity between reefs and, at the same time, trapping larvae when in the vicinity of reefs. C1 [Mantovanelli, A.; Heron, M. L.; Steinberg, C. R.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Mantovanelli, A.; Heron, M. L.; Steinberg, C. R.] James Cook Univ, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Mantovanelli, A.; Heron, M. L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Coastal Ocean Radar Network, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Mantovanelli, A.; Heron, M. L.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, S. F.] NOAA, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, S. F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Mantovanelli, A (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM alessandra.mantovanelli@gmail.com RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU Queensland State Government's Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation; Queensland Department of Tourism, Regional Development and Industry; Global Science & Technology, Inc. FX This work forms part of the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) within the Australian Government's National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) and the Super Science Initiative and supported by Queensland State Government's Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. We are grateful for data obtained from IMOS (www.imos.org.au) and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). We also thank the Queensland Department of Tourism, Regional Development and Industry for the funding provided that was essential to the completion of this work, and Global Science & Technology, Inc., for support of the publication process. We thank very much Collete Bagnato, staff member from Heron Island Research Station, for rescuing and re-deploying one of the drifters that was washed up on a reef. We thank Severine Choukroun for her help with the reef contour and bathymetry data. We are very grateful for the suggestions of three anonymous referees which significantly improved the manuscript. The manuscript is solely the opinion of the authors and does not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C11016 DI 10.1029/2012JC008106 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 039ME UT WOS:000311249300002 ER PT J AU Rangan, S Coh, S Bartynski, RA Chitre, KP Galoppini, E Jaye, C Fischer, D AF Rangan, Sylvie Coh, Senia Bartynski, Robert Allen Chitre, Keyur P. Galoppini, Elena Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel TI Energy Alignment, Molecular Packing, and Electronic Pathways: Zinc(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin Derivatives Adsorbed on TiO2(110) and ZnO(11-20) Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; LIGHT-HARVESTING ARRAYS; BACTERIOCHLORIN MOLECULES; PORPHYRIN CHROMOPHORES; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ISONICOTINIC-ACID; RUTILE TIO2(110); LEVEL ALIGNMENT; TIO2 FILMS AB The relation between energy alignment, adsorption geometry, and electron transfer between a chromophore and an oxide surface has been explored for a series of Zn(II) tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives adsorbed on TiO2(110) and ZnO(11 (2) over bar0) surfaces. The electronic occupied and unoccupied structure has been obtained using UV-photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies. From these results, a full picture of the energetics at the chromophore-oxide interface was established. The alignment of the molecular levels relevant for optical transition was found independent of the functionalization of the meso-phenyl groups. However, to explain the observation of different optical properties and electron transfer efficiencies of these different dyes, the adsorption geometry of two of these dyes was determined using scanning tunnel microscopy and near edge absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Functionalization of the meso-phenyls with COOH groups in the meta-position results in the ZnP macrocycle adsorbed parallel to the surface. Functionalization of the meso-phenyl groups with COOH groups in the para position results in a bounding geometry where the ZnP macrocycle makes an angle of similar to 50 degrees from the surface normal. This geometry, which allows face-to-face stacking of the porphyrin rings, opens a new electronic channel for exciton delocalization that competes with direct electron injection into the substrate conduction band. C1 [Rangan, Sylvie; Coh, Senia; Bartynski, Robert Allen] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Rangan, Sylvie; Coh, Senia; Bartynski, Robert Allen] Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Chitre, Keyur P.; Galoppini, Elena] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rangan, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM rangan@physics.rutgers.edu RI Rangan, Sylvie/H-6522-2013 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER15256] FX The authors would like to thank Y. Lu for providing the ZnO(11 (2) over bar0) epitaxial films and W. Wu for access to his STM. They would also like to thank Jonathan Rochford for the synthesis of compounds 1 and 2. Funding by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy through Grant DE-FG02-01ER15256 is gratefully acknowledged. Certain commercial names are mentioned in this paper for purposes of example and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 67 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 45 BP 23921 EP 23930 DI 10.1021/jp307454y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 038RC UT WOS:000311190800010 ER PT J AU Norris, DG Cimmarusti, AD Orozco, LA Barberis-Blostein, P Carmichael, HJ AF Norris, D. G. Cimmarusti, A. D. Orozco, L. A. Barberis-Blostein, P. Carmichael, H. J. TI Spontaneous creation and persistence of ground-state coherence in a resonantly driven intracavity atomic ensemble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-ERASER; BEATS; FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT AB The spontaneous creation and persistence of ground-state coherence in an ensemble of intracavity Rb atoms has been observed as a quantum beat. Our system realizes a quantum eraser, where the detection of a first photon prepares a superposition of ground-state Zeeman sublevels, while detection of a second erases the stored information. Beats appear in the time-delayed photon-photon coincidence rate (intensity correlation function). We study the beats theoretically and experimentally as a function of system parameters, and find them remarkably robust against perturbations such as spontaneous emission. Although beats arise most simply through single-atom-mediated quantum interference, scattering pathways involving pairs of atoms interfere also in our intracavity experiment. We present a detailed model which identifies all sources of interference and accounts for experimental realities such as imperfect prepumping of the atomic beam, cavity birefringence, and the transit of atoms across the cavity mode. C1 [Norris, D. G.; Cimmarusti, A. D.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Norris, D. G.; Cimmarusti, A. D.; Orozco, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barberis-Blostein, P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Sistemas, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Carmichael, H. J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Norris, DG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NSF, Mexico; CONACYT, Mexico; Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand FX Work supported by NSF, CONACYT, Mexico, and the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 5 AR 053816 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.053816 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 037WW UT WOS:000311138200008 ER PT J AU Zahraei, A Hsu, KL Sorooshian, S Gourley, JJ Lakshmanan, V Hong, Y Bellerby, T AF Zahraei, Ali Hsu, Kuo-lin Sorooshian, Soroosh Gourley, J. J. Lakshmanan, Valliappa Hong, Yang Bellerby, Tim TI Quantitative Precipitation Nowcasting: A Lagrangian Pixel-Based Approach SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting; Nowcasting; Tracking; Extrapolation; Severe Rainfall Prediction ID CONTINENTAL RADAR IMAGES; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; FORECAST SKILL; DOPPLER RADAR; BEADS MODEL; VERIFICATION; TRACKING; PREDICTABILITY; METHODOLOGY; ADVECTION AB Short-term high-resolution precipitation forecasting has important implications for navigation, flood forecasting, and other hydrological and meteorological concerns. This article introduces a pixel-based algorithm for Short-term Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (SQPF) using radar-based rainfall data. The proposed algorithm called Pixel- Based Nowcasting (PBN) tracks severe storms with a hierarchical mesh-tracking algorithm to capture storm advection in space and time at high resolution from radar imagers. The extracted advection field is then extended to nowcast the rainfall field in the next 3 hr based on a pixel-based Lagrangian dynamic model. The proposed algorithm is compared with two other nowcasting algorithms (WCN: Watershed-Clustering Nowcasting and PER: PERsistency) for ten thunderstorm events over the conterminous United States. Object-based verification metric and traditional statistics have been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is superior over comparison algorithms and is effective in tracking and predicting severe storm events for the next few hours. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zahraei, Ali; Hsu, Kuo-lin; Sorooshian, Soroosh] Univ Calif Irvine, CHRS, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gourley, J. J.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bellerby, Tim] Univ Hull, Dept Geog, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. EM azahraei@ccny.cuny.edu; kuolinh@uci.edu; soroosh@uci.edu; Jj.Gourley@noaa.gov; lak@vlakshman.com; yanghong@ou.edu; T.J.Bellerby@hull.ac.uk RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) at the University of California, Irvine.; NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC [NA09NES4400006]; NCSU CICS [2009-1380-01]; ARO [W911NF-11-1-0422]; NASA NEWS [NNX06AF93G]; Hydrologic Research Lab of the U.S. National Weather Service (HRL-NWS) FX This research was supported by the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) at the University of California, Irvine. Partial financial support was provided by NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC (prime award NA09NES4400006, NCSU CICS subaward 2009-1380-01), ARO (grant W911NF-11-1-0422) and NASA NEWS (grant NNX06AF93G). The graduate fellowship support provided by the Hydrologic Research Lab of the U.S. National Weather Service (HRL-NWS) is also greatly appreciated. Part of the research was carried out at the National Severe Storm Lab (NSSL/NOAA), Norman, OK. The authors thank Dr. Jeff Kimpel from NSSL for providing the opportunity for collaboration between CHRS and NSSL NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 118 BP 418 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.07.001 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 027WZ UT WOS:000310386100032 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Lin, QH Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Lin, Qinghuang Stafford, Christopher M. TI Quantifying the elasticity and viscosity of geometrically confined polymer films via thermal wrinkling SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; networks; relaxation; stress; stress relaxation; surface wrinkling; thin films; viscoelastic properties AB We apply thermal wrinkling, which is a surface instability that occurs during thermal annealing of polymer films geometrically confined by a rigid substrate and a flexible superstrate, to study the elasticity and viscosity of chemically crosslinked polymer systems. Specifically, we study the thermal wrinkling of aluminum-capped polyhydroxystyrene films with different extent of chemical crosslinking and find that that the rate of change of the wrinkling wavelength with annealing time and temperature has unique relationships with the elasticity and viscosity of the polymer network. With the aid of analytical expressions that relate the time- and temperature-dependent evolution of the wrinkle wavelength to the elasticity and viscosity, we are able to quantify the elastic modulus and shear viscosity of geometrically confined polymer thin films as a function of the degree of crosslinking. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012 C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Qinghuang] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX E. P. Chan acknowledges the National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship for financial support. The authors thank Dr. Peter M. Johnson and Dr. Santanu Kundu for insightful discussions. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 50 IS 22 BP 1556 EP 1561 DI 10.1002/polb.23152 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 021WM UT WOS:000309916100002 ER PT J AU Garcia-Soto, C Vazquez-Cuervo, J Clemente-Colon, P Hernandez, F AF Garcia-Soto, Carlos Vazquez-Cuervo, Jorge Clemente-Colon, Pablo Hernandez, Fabrice TI Satellite oceanography and climate change SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Satellite oceanography; Global warming; Sea level rise; Polar regions; Natural climate variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LEVEL RISE; VARIABILITY; ICE; CHLOROPHYLL; OSCILLATION; PATTERNS; COLLAPSE; TRENDS; BUDGET AB Satellites are essential tools in the present monitoring of climate change as they provide frequent measurements of the Earth over decades with significantly high spatial resolution. Satellite measurements of sea surface temperature are a key component in the analyses of global warming and its effects. Altimeters and gravity missions such as GRACE are used to measure sea level rise at global and regional scales. A variety of satellite sensors (microwave and visible radiometers, scatterometers, SAR, gravity sensors, altimeters, etc.) are used for tracking the melting of sea ice and continental ice over the Polar Regions and Greenland. Satellite techniques are used to monitor large scale natural climate oscillations such as El Nino and the influence of atmospheric teleconexions such as NAO. The present issue is the first one of a series of issues updating our knowledge of the satellite-observed variability related to climate change. A short introduction to the topic is presented. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia-Soto, Carlos] IEO, Santander 39004, Spain. [Garcia-Soto, Carlos] Plentziako Itsas Estazioa Euskalherriko Unibertsi, Plentzia 48620, Spain. [Vazquez-Cuervo, Jorge] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clemente-Colon, Pablo] NOAA NSOF, Natl Naval Ice Ctr, Washington, DC 20395 USA. [Hernandez, Fabrice] MERCATOR Ocean IRD, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. RP Garcia-Soto, C (reprint author), IEO, Promontorio S Martin S-N, Santander 39004, Spain. EM carlos.soto@st.ieo.es RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Hernandez, Fabrice/F-6642-2013 OI Hernandez, Fabrice/0000-0003-2152-0657 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 77-80 SI SI BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.004 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 006TS UT WOS:000308842500001 ER PT J AU Martin, M Dash, P Ignatov, A Banzon, V Beggs, H Brasnett, B Cayula, JF Cummings, J Donlon, C Gentemann, C Grumbine, R Ishizaki, S Maturi, E Reynolds, RW Roberts-Jones, J AF Martin, Matthew Dash, Prasanjit Ignatov, Alexander Banzon, Viva Beggs, Helen Brasnett, Bruce Cayula, Jean-Francois Cummings, James Donlon, Craig Gentemann, Chelle Grumbine, Robert Ishizaki, Shiro Maturi, Eileen Reynolds, Richard W. Roberts-Jones, Jonah TI Group for High Resolution Sea Surface temperature (GHRSST) analysis fields inter-comparisons. Part 1: A GHRSST multi-product ensemble (GMPE) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Sea surface temperature; Intercomparison; Ensemble ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION; PILOT PROJECT; SYSTEM; ICE AB Many sea surface temperature (SST) gap-free gridded analysis (Level 4, or L4) fields are produced by various groups in different countries. The Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) is an international collaboration body which has formed the inter-comparison technical advisory group (IC-TAG), to advise SST producers and users on the relative performance of these SST fields. This two-part paper describes two of the three major systems developed under GHRSST coordination towards this goal. Part one (this paper) describes the GHRSST Multi-Product Ensemble (GMPE) system, which runs on a daily basis at the UK Met Office, taking various L4 analyses as inputs, transferring them onto a common grid, and producing an ensemble median and standard deviation. The various analysis systems contributing to the GHRSST inter-comparisons are discussed, highlighting areas of commonality between the systems as well as those parts of the systems where there is less agreement on the appropriate algorithmic or parametric choices. The characteristics of the contributing L4 analyses are demonstrated by comparing them to near-surface Argo profile temperature data, which provide an independent measurement of SST and have been shown to provide a good estimate of foundation SST (the SST free of diurnal warming). The feature resolution characteristics of the L4 analyses are demonstrated by calculating horizontal gradients of the SST fields (on their original grid). The accuracy and resolution of the GMPE median are compared with those of the input analyses using the same metrics, showing that the GMPE median is more accurate than any of the contributing analyses with a standard deviation error of 0.40 K globally with respect to near-surface Argo data. For use in climate applications such as trend analysis or assimilation into climate models, it is important to have a good measure of uncertainty, so the suitability of the GMPE standard deviation as a measure of uncertainty is explored. This assessment shows that, over large spatial and temporal scales, the spread in the ensemble does have a strong relationship with the error in the median, although it underestimates the error by about one third. Crown Copyright (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Matthew; Roberts-Jones, Jonah] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dash, Prasanjit; Ignatov, Alexander; Maturi, Eileen] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Dash, Prasanjit] CIRA, CSU, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Banzon, Viva] NCDC, NOAA NESDIS, Asheville, NC USA. [Beggs, Helen] CAWCR, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Brasnett, Bruce] EC CMC, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Cayula, Jean-Francois] QinetiQ N Amer, Technol Solut Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Cummings, James] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Donlon, Craig] ESA ESTEC, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Grumbine, Robert] NOAA NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Ishizaki, Shiro] JMA, Tokyo, Japan. [Reynolds, Richard W.] NOAA CICS, Asheville, NC USA. RP Martin, M (reprint author), Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. EM matthew.martin@metoffice.gov.uk RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Dash, Prasanjit/F-5582-2010; Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU European Community's Seventh Framework Program FP7 [218812]; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) Science and Development Implementation (JSDI) program FX The authors would like to thank John Stark who initially designed and implemented the GMPE system. More recently, the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 under Grant agreement no. 218812 (My Ocean). A. Ignatov and P. Dash acknowledge the support from the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) Science and Development Implementation (JSDI) program. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 77-80 SI SI BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.013 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 006TS UT WOS:000308842500003 ER PT J AU Dash, P Ignatov, A Martin, M Donlon, C Brasnett, B Reynolds, RW Banzon, V Beggs, H Cayula, JF Chao, Y Grumbine, R Maturi, E Harris, A Mittaz, J Sapper, J Chin, TM Vazquez-Cuervo, J Armstrong, EM Gentemann, C Cummings, J Piolle, JF Autret, E Roberts-Jones, J Ishizaki, S Hoyer, JL Poulter, D AF Dash, Prasanjit Ignatov, Alexander Martin, Matthew Donlon, Craig Brasnett, Bruce Reynolds, Richard W. Banzon, Viva Beggs, Helen Cayula, Jean-Francois Chao, Yi Grumbine, Robert Maturi, Eileen Harris, Andy Mittaz, Jonathan Sapper, John Chin, Toshio M. Vazquez-Cuervo, Jorge Armstrong, Edward M. Gentemann, Chelle Cummings, James Piolle, Jean-Francois Autret, Emmanuelle Roberts-Jones, Jonah Ishizaki, Shiro Hoyer, Jacob L. Poulter, Dave TI Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) analysis fields inter-comparisons-Part 2: Near real time web-based level 4 SST Quality Monitor (L4-SQUAM) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Sea surface temperature; Intercomparison; Climate data; Sea ice; Data centers ID OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; MATCHUP DATABASE; PILOT PROJECT; AATSR; ALGORITHMS AB There are a growing number of level 4 (L4; gap-free gridded) sea surface temperature (SST) products generated by blending SST data from various sources which are available for use in a wide variety of operational and scientific applications. In most cases, each product has been developed for a specific user community with specific requirements guiding the design of the product. Consequently differences between products are implicit. In addition, anomalous atmospheric conditions, satellite operations and production anomalies may occur which can introduce additional differences. This paper describes a new web-based system called the L4 SST Quality Monitor (L4-SQUAM) developed to monitor the quality of L4 SST products. L4-SQUAM intercompares thirteen L4 products with 1-day latency in an operational environment serving the needs of both L4 SST product users and producers. Relative differences between products are computed and visualized using maps, histograms, time series plots and Hovmoller diagrams, for all combinations of products. In addition, products are compared to quality controlled in situ SST data (available from the in situ SST Quality Monitor, iQUAM, companion system) in a consistent manner. A full history of products statistics is retained in L4-SQUAM for time series analysis. L4-SQUAM complements the two other Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) tools, the GHRSST Multi Product Ensemble (GMPE) and the High Resolution Diagnostic Data Set (HRDDS) systems, documented in part 1 of this paper and elsewhere, respectively. Our results reveal significant differences between SST products in coastal and open ocean areas. Differences of > 2 degrees C are often observed at high latitudes partly due to different treatment of the sea-ice transition zone. Thus when an ice flag is available, the intercomparisons are performed in two ways: including and excluding ice-flagged grid points. Such differences are significant and call for a community effort to understand their root cause and ensure consistency between SST products. Future work focuses on including the remaining daily L4 SST products, accommodating for newer L4 SSTs which resolve the diurnal variability and evaluating retrospectively regenerated L4 SSTs to support satellite data reprocessing efforts aimed at generating improved SST Climate Data Records. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dash, Prasanjit; Ignatov, Alexander; Maturi, Eileen; Harris, Andy; Mittaz, Jonathan] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Dash, Prasanjit] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Martin, Matthew; Roberts-Jones, Jonah] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Donlon, Craig] ESA ESTEC, Earth Observat Miss Sci Div, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Brasnett, Bruce] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Reynolds, Richard W.] Inst Climate & Satellites CICS, NOAA Cooperat, Asheville, NC USA. [Banzon, Viva] NCDC, NOAA, Asheville, NC USA. [Beggs, Helen] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Cayula, Jean-Francois] QinctiQ N Amer, Technol Solut Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Chao, Yi] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. [Grumbine, Robert] NOAA NWS NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Harris, Andy; Mittaz, Jonathan] Univ Maryland, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sapper, John] OSPO, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Chin, Toshio M.; Vazquez-Cuervo, Jorge; Armstrong, Edward M.] JPL Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA. [Cummings, James] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Piolle, Jean-Francois; Autret, Emmanuelle] CERSAT, IFREMER, Spatial Oceanog Lab, Brest, France. [Ishizaki, Shiro] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Hoyer, Jacob L.] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Poulter, Dave] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Dash, P (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM prasanjit.dash@noaa.gov; alex.ignatov@noaa.gov; matthew.martin@metoffice.gov.uk; craig.donlon@esa.int; bruce.brasnett@ec.gc.ca; richard.w.reynolds@noaa.gov; viva.banzon@noaa.gov; h.beggs@bom.gov.au; jean-francois.cayula@QinetiQ-NA.com; ychao@remotesensingsolutions.com; robert.grumbine@noaa.gov; eileen.maturi@noaa.gov; andy.harris@noaa.gov; jon.mittaz@noaa.gov; john.sapper@noaa.gov; mike.chin@jpl.nasa.gov; jorge.vazquez@jpl.nasa.gov; edward.armstrong@jpl.nasa.gov; gentemann@remss.com; cummings@nrlmry.navy.mil; jean.francois.piolle@ifremer.fr; emmanuelle.autret@ifremer.fr; jonah.roberts-jones@metoffice.gov.uk; s_ishizaki@met.kishou.go.jp; jlh@dmi.dk RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Dash, Prasanjit/F-5582-2010; Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) Science and Development Implementation (JSDI) program FX This work was supported by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) Science and Development Implementation (JSDI) program. We thank Feng Xu (formerly at NESDIS/CIRA) for setting up the iQUAM system and many NESDIS SST colleagues for helpful discussions. E. Armstrong, M. Chin and J. Vazquez acknowledge that the research was carried out, in part, by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NAVO K10 product was provided courtesy of D. May and B. McKenzie (NAVO). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their careful reviews and many helpful suggestions which improved this article. The views, opinions and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy or decision. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 77-80 SI SI BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.002 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 006TS UT WOS:000308842500004 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Woodworth, PA AF Polovina, Jeffrey J. Woodworth, Phoebe A. TI Declines in phytoplankton cell size in the subtropical oceans estimated from satellite remotely-sensed temperature and chlorophyll, 1998-2007 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Subtropical ocean; Median phytoplankton size; Sea surface temperature; Surface chlorophyll ID CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; PLANKTON; SCALE; SPACE; IRON AB Satellite remotely-sensed sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll were used to estimate median phytoplankton cell size at monthly and 11 km(2) resolution over the global ocean, 1998-2007. The temporal dynamics of median phytoplankton cell size were examined for the Pacific equatorial upwelling region and the subtropical oceans. For the equatorial upwelling region, cell size varied coherently with the El Nino Southern Oscillation with smaller (larger) median cell size during El Ninos (La Ninas). Specifically, estimated median cell diameter increased by 34% between the 1998 El Nino and the 1999-2001 La Nina. In the subtropical oceans, over the period 1998-2007, median cell diameter exhibited statistically significant linear declines of about 2% in the North and South Pacific, and 4% in the North Atlantic. Pooling the data over all subtropical oceans, over the period 1998-2007, global median cell diameter declined by about 2%. These results suggest that phytoplankton cell size may vary on interannual and decadal scales resulting in changes in food chain length and hence energy transfer to higher trophic levels. Further, a shift to smaller sized phytoplankton has been hypothesized as a response to ocean warming. Thus, this approach, estimating phytoplankton cell size from remotely-sensed temperature and chlorophyll, has the potential to provide global monitoring of an aspect of phytoplankton community structure likely to be responsive to future climate change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Woodworth, Phoebe A.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI USA. EM Jeffrey.Polovina@NOAA.gov FU NASA FX We gratefully acknowledge the use of the SeaWiFS data produced by the SeaWiFS project at the Goddard Space Flight Center. These data were obtained from the Goddard DAAC under the auspices of NASA. Use of these data is in accordance with the SeaWiFS Research Data Use Terms and Conditions Agreement. We also acknowledge the AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder SST data obtained from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, via Dave Foley CoastWatch. We thank Drs. Charles Stock, Carolyn Barnes, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 77-80 SI SI BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.006 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 006TS UT WOS:000308842500009 ER PT J AU Bendersky, LA Wang, K Levin, I Newbury, D Young, K Chao, B Creuziger, A AF Bendersky, L. A. Wang, K. Levin, I. Newbury, D. Young, K. Chao, B. Creuziger, A. TI Ti12.5Zr21V10Cr8.5MnxCo1.5Ni46.5-x AB(2)-type metal hydride alloys for electrochemical storage application: Part 1. Structural characteristics SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen absorbing materials; Transition metal alloys; Scanning electron microscopy; Ni/MH battery; Transmission electron microscope ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; PHASE; NICKEL; CR; TRANSFORMATION; PERFORMANCES; ELECTRODES; BATTERIES; MN AB The microstructures of a series of AB(2)-based metal hydride alloys (Ti12.5Zr21V10Cr8.5MnxCo1.5Ni46.5-x) designed to have different fractions of non-Laves secondary phases were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and electron backscatter diffraction. The results indicate that the alloys contain a majority of hydrogen storage Laves phases and a minority of fine-structured non-Laves phases. Formation of the phases is accomplished by dendritic growth of a hexagonal C14 Laves phase. The C14 phase is followed by either a peritectic solidification of a cubic C15 Laves phase (low Mn containing alloys) or a C14 phase of different composition (high Mn containing alloys), and finally a 82 phase formed in the interdendritic regions (IDR). The interdendritic regions may then undergo further solid-state transformation into Zr7Ni10-type, Zr9Ni11-type and TiNi-type phases. As the Mn content in the alloy increases, the fraction of the C14 phase increases, whereas the fraction of C15 decreases. In the IDRs when the alloy's Mn content increases the Zr9Ni11 phases and Zr7Ni10 phase fraction first increases and then decreases, while the TiNi-based phase fraction first increases and then stabilized at 0.02. IDR compositions can be generally expressed as (Ti,Zr,V,Cr,Mn,Co)(50)Ni-50, which accounted for 7-10% of the overall alloy volume fraction. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, K.; Chao, B.] Ovon Battery Co, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. [Bendersky, L. A.; Wang, K.; Levin, I.; Newbury, D.; Creuziger, A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Creuziger, A.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Young, K (reprint author), Ovon Battery Co, 2983 Waterview Dr, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. EM kyoung@ovonic.com NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 218 BP 474 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.070 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 009PQ UT WOS:000309038100064 ER PT J AU Young, K Chao, B Bendersky, LA Wang, K AF Young, K. Chao, B. Bendersky, L. A. Wang, K. TI Ti12.5Zr21V10Cr8.5MnxCo1.5Ni46.5-x AB(2)-type metal hydride alloys for electrochemical storage application: Part 2. Hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen absorbing materials; Transition metal alloys; Metal hydride electrode; Electrochemical reactions; Ni/MH battery ID LAVES PHASE ALLOYS; COMPOSITION-TEMPERATURE HYSTERESIS; NIMH BATTERY APPLICATION; 1. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; SLOPING PLATEAUS; MN; ELECTRODES; CR AB In Part 2 of this report, the hydrogen gas charging and electrochemical properties of a series of AB(2)-based metal alloys (Ti12.5Zr21V10Cr8.5MnxCo1.5Ni46.5-x) designed to have different fractions of Zr-Ni-type secondary phases by varying the Mn/Ni-content were studied to establish correlations of these properties with abundances of the secondary phases. In the gas charging, the general trend of pressure concentration temperature slope factor and hysteresis is to diminish with increase in the Zr7Ni10 phase abundance; the trend of reversible hydrogen storage capacity is to increase as the TiNi-derived AB phase abundance increases. As for the electrochemical properties, the number of activation cycles needed to achieve a given percentage of capacity and power decreases with increase in the total amount of secondary phases. Trends of changes in both the total and reversible capacities follow that in AB phase abundance; the evolution of high-rate dischargeability, bulk diffusion, and surface exchange current is similar to that of Zr7Ni10 phase abundance increase in the beginning and decrease afterward as the Mn-content in the alloy increases. Other properties, such as metal hydrogen bond strength and maximum gaseous phase storage capacity, are predominately dependent on the alloys' composition, i.e. the Mn/Ni ratio. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, K.; Chao, B.] Ovon Battery Co, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. [Bendersky, L. A.; Wang, K.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Young, K (reprint author), Ovon Battery Co, 2983 Waterview Dr, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. EM kyoung@ovonic.com NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 218 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.079 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 009PQ UT WOS:000309038100065 ER PT J AU Bailey, MM Kline, SR Anderson, MD Staymates, JL Berkland, C AF Bailey, Mark M. Kline, Steven R. Anderson, Michael D. Staymates, Jessica L. Berkland, Cory TI Chemically modifiable fluorinated copolymer nanoparticles for 19F-MRI contrast enhancement SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE small-angle neutron scattering (SANS); ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS); fluorinated polymers; 19F magnetic resonance imaging; nanoparticles ID IN-VIVO; CANCER-CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG-DELIVERY; F-19 MRI; AGENT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ANGIOGENESIS; DOXORUBICIN; COMPLEXES; THERAPY AB Recently there has been interest in developing imaging contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that contain biologically rare, magnetically active nuclei such as fluorine. In principle, fluorinated contrast agents can be used to generate highly selective 19F magnetic resonance images that can be superimposed over complimentary 1H magnetic resonance images to provide an anatomical context for the fluorinated contrast agent. Additionally, nanoparticles can be made to target various pathological sites via active and passive targeting mechanisms. In this study, fluorinated nanoparticles were produced using a free radical polymerization of vinyl formamide monomers with two different fluorinated monomers. The nanoparticles showed a clear, single 19F-NMR signal. Additionally, surface amide groups were hydrolyzed to primary amines to yield additional surface reactivity. Fluorinated nanoparticles produced using a free-radial polymerization method yield a new nanoparticle for 19F-MRI applications with potential for facile functionalization. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 C1 [Bailey, Mark M.; Berkland, Cory] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, Michael D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Berkland, Cory] Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Berkland, C (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. EM berkland@ku.edu OI Bailey, Mark/0000-0001-8950-1431 FU Madison; University of Kansas; Coulter Foundation; Higuchi Biosciences Center; American Heart Association; NIH [R03 AR054035, P20 RR016443]; NSF [CHE 0719464, DMR-0944772]; University of Oregon's NSF IGERT Fellowship Program [DGE-0549503] FX Contract grant sponsors: Madison and Lila Self Graduate Fellowship at The University of Kansas, Coulter Foundation, the Higuchi Biosciences Center, American Heart Association.; Contract grant sponsor: NIH; contract grant numbers: R03 AR054035, P20 RR016443.; Contract grant sponsor: NSF; contract grant numbers: CHE 0719464, DMR-0944772.; Contract grant sponsor: University of Oregon's NSF IGERT Fellowship Program; contract grant number: DGE-0549503 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2012 VL 126 IS 4 BP 1218 EP 1227 DI 10.1002/app.36889 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 981XF UT WOS:000307005300005 ER PT J AU Knurr, BJ Weber, JM AF Knurr, Benjamin J. Weber, J. Mathias TI Solvent-Driven Reductive Activation of Carbon Dioxide by Gold Anions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIELECTRON REDUCTION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CO2 REDUCTION; CLUSTERS; METAL; COMPLEXES; CATALYSIS; ION; REACTIVITY AB Catalytic activation and electrochemical reduction. of CO2 for the formation of chemically usable feedstock and fuel are central goals for establishing a carbon neutral fuel cycle The role of solvent Molecule's, in catalytic processes is little understood, although solvent-solute interactions can strongly influence activated intermediate species. We use vibrational spectroscopy of mass selected Au(CO2)(n)(-) cluster ions to probe the solvation of AuCO2- as a model for a reactive intermediate in the reductive activation of a CO2 ligand by a single atom catalyst For the first few solvent molecules, solvation of the complex preferentially occurs at the CO2 moiety, enhancing reductive activation through polarization of the excess charge onto the partially reduced ligand. At higher levels of solvation, direct interaction of additional Solvent molecules with the Au atom diminishes reduction. The results show' how the solvation environment can enhance or diminish the effects of a catalyst, offering design criteria for single atom 'catalyst engineering. C1 [Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0845618] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation under grant number CHE-0845618. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 12 U2 129 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 45 BP 18804 EP 18808 DI 10.1021/ja308991a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 038RP UT WOS:000311192100052 PM 23098336 ER PT J AU Mahlstein, I Hegerl, G Solomon, S AF Mahlstein, Irina Hegerl, Gabriele Solomon, Susan TI Emerging local warming signals in observational data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATTRIBUTION; TRENDS AB The global average temperature of the Earth has increased, but year-to-year variability in local climates impedes the identification of clear changes in observations and human experience. For a signal to become obvious in data records or in a human lifetime it needs to be greater than the noise of variability and thereby lead to a significant shift in the distribution of temperature. We show that locations with the largest amount of warming may not display a clear shift in temperature distributions if the local variability is also large. Based on observational data only we demonstrate that large parts of the Earth have experienced a significant local shift towards warmer temperatures in the summer season, particularly at lower latitudes. We also show that these regions are similar to those that are found to be significant in standard detection methods, thus providing an approach to link locally significant changes more closely to impacts. Citation: Mahlstein, I., G. Hegerl, and S. Solomon (2012), Emerging local warming signals in observational data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L21711, doi:10.1029/2012GL053952. C1 [Mahlstein, Irina] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mahlstein, Irina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hegerl, Gabriele] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Solomon, Susan] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Mahlstein, I (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irina.mahlstein@noaa.gov RI Mahlstein, Irina/D-5373-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L21711 DI 10.1029/2012GL053952 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 038ZU UT WOS:000311213400005 ER PT J AU Bonnes, L Hazzard, KRA Manmana, SR Rey, AM Wessel, S AF Bonnes, Lars Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Manmana, Salvatore R. Rey, Ana Maria Wessel, Stefan TI Adiabatic Loading of One-Dimensional SU(N) Alkaline-Earth-Atom Fermions in Optical Lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS; HUBBARD-MODEL; MOTT INSULATOR; COLLOQUIUM; PHASES AB Ultracold fermionic alkaline earth atoms confined in optical lattices realize Hubbard models with internal SU(N) symmetries, where N can be as large as ten. Such systems are expected to harbor exotic magnetic physics at temperatures below the superexchange energy scale. Employing quantum Monte Carlo simulations to access the low-temperature regime of one-dimensional chains, we show that after adiabatically loading a weakly interacting gas into the strongly interacting regime of an optical lattice, the final temperature decreases with increasing N. Furthermore, we estimate the temperature scale required to probe correlations associated with low-temperature SU(N) magnetism. Our findings are encouraging for the exploration of exotic large-N magnetic states in ongoing experiments. C1 [Bonnes, Lars] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Manmana, Salvatore R.; Rey, Ana Maria] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Manmana, Salvatore R.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wessel, Stefan] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FIT, Inst Theoret Solid State Phys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Wessel, Stefan] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA HPC, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RP Bonnes, L (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM lars.bonnes@uibk.ac.at RI Bonnes, Lars/A-7883-2012; Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576 FU Austrian Ministry of Science BMWF as part of the UniInfrastrukturprogramm of the Forschungsplattform Scientific Computing at LFU Innsbruck; NSF-PIF; NSF-PFC; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE; NRC FX We acknowledge useful discussions with G. Chen and M. Hermele. This work was supported by the Austrian Ministry of Science BMWF as part of the UniInfrastrukturprogramm of the Forschungsplattform Scientific Computing at LFU Innsbruck, by the NSF-PIF and NSF-PFC grants, by the AFOSR, and by the ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE program. We also acknowledge allocation of CPU time from NIC Julich where parts of the calculations were performed. K. H. thanks the NRC for support. K. H. also thanks the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by the NSF, for its hospitality while a portion of this work was carried out. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 20 AR 205305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.205305 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 037WL UT WOS:000311137100010 PM 23215502 ER PT J AU Wu, T Tyson, TA Chen, HY Bai, JM Wang, H Jaye, C AF Wu, Tao Tyson, Trevor A. Chen, Haiyan Bai, Jianming Wang, Hsin Jaye, Cherno TI A structural change in Ca3Co4O9 associated with enhanced thermoelectric properties SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MISFIT-LAYERED COBALTITE; TRANSITION; OXIDES AB Temperature dependent electrical resistivity, crystal structure and heat capacity measurements reveal a resistivity drop and electrical transport behavior change corresponding to a structural change near 400 K in Ca3Co4O9. The lattice parameter c varies smoothly with increasing temperature while anomalies in a, b(1) and b(2) lattice parameters occur near 400 K. The Ca site in the Ca2CoO3 block becomes distorted and a change in electrical transport behavior is found above 400 K. Resistivity and heat capacity measurements as a function of temperature under magnetic field combined with Co L-edge x-ray absorption spectra reveal only a weak spin contribution to this change. Reduced resistivity associated with the structural change enhances the thermoelectric properties at moderately high temperatures and points to the electrical transport behavior change as a mechanism for improved ZT in this thermoelectric oxide. C1 [Wu, Tao; Tyson, Trevor A.; Chen, Haiyan] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Bai, Jianming] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Hsin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jaye, Cherno] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, T (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM tyson@adm.njit.edu RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46402]; NSF MRI [DMR-0923032]; US Department of Energy; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Energy [DEAC05000OR22725] FX This work is supported by DOE Grant DE-FG02-07ER46402. The Physical Properties Measurements System was acquired under NSF MRI Grant DMR-0923032 (ARRA award). X-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption data acquisition were performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) which is funded by the US Department of Energy. High temperature Seebeck measurements were supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by the UT-Battelle LLC for the Department of Energy under contract DEAC05000OR22725. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 63 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 45 AR 455602 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/45/455602 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 030LI UT WOS:000310571800012 PM 23085889 ER PT J AU Weller, L Kleinbach, KS Zentile, MA Knappe, S Adams, CS Hughes, IG AF Weller, Lee Kleinbach, Kathrin S. Zentile, Mark A. Knappe, Svenja Adams, Charles S. Hughes, Ifan G. TI Absolute absorption and dispersion of a rubidium vapour in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL ISOLATOR; ATOMIC VAPOR; LIGHT; D-1; PROBE; LINES AB Here we report on measurements of the absolute absorption and dispersion properties of an isotopically pure Rb-87 vapour for magnetic fields up to and including 0.6 T. We discuss the various regimes that arise when the hyperfine and Zeeman interactions have different magnitudes, and show that we enter the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime for fields greater than 0.33 T on the Rb D-2 line. The experiment uses a compact 1 mm(3) microfabricated vapour cell that makes it easy to maintain a uniform and large magnetic field with a small and inexpensive magnet. We find excellent agreement between the experimental results and numerical calculations of the weak probe susceptibility where the line positions and strengths are calculated by matrix diagonalization. C1 [Weller, Lee; Kleinbach, Kathrin S.; Zentile, Mark A.; Adams, Charles S.; Hughes, Ifan G.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Knappe, Svenja] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Weller, L (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Rochester Bldg,South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM lee.weller@durham.ac.uk RI Hughes, Ifan/B-8261-2009; Weller, Lee/L-8807-2013; Adams, Charles/C-8808-2015; Weller, Lee/B-2073-2016; OI Hughes, Ifan/0000-0001-6322-6435; Adams, Charles/0000-0001-5602-2741; Weller, Lee/0000-0002-2022-7259; Kleinbach, Kathrin S./0000-0002-3957-0225 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) FX This work is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 21 AR 215005 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/45/21/215005 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017KP UT WOS:000309589100006 ER PT J AU Alvine, KJ Dai, Y Ro, HW Narayanan, S Sandy, AR Soles, CL Shpyrko, OG AF Alvine, K. J. Dai, Y. Ro, H. W. Narayanan, S. Sandy, A. R. Soles, C. L. Shpyrko, O. G. TI Capillary Wave Dynamics of Thin Polymer Films over Submerged Nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; LIQUID-FILMS; SURFACE; ROUGH; PATTERNS; REGIME; SOLIDS; MODES AB The surface dynamics of thin molten polystyrene films supported by nanoscale periodic silicon line-space gratings were investigated with x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Surface dynamics over these nanostructures exhibit high directional anisotropy above certain length scales, as compared to surface dynamics over flat substrates. A cutoff length scale in the dynamics perpendicular to the grooves is observed. This marks a transition from standard over-damped capillary wave behavior to suppressed dynamics due to substrate interactions. C1 [Alvine, K. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Alvine, K. J.; Ro, H. W.; Soles, C. L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Dai, Y.; Shpyrko, O. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Narayanan, S.; Sandy, A. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alvine, KJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kyle.alvine@pnnl.gov; csoles@nist.gov; oshpyrko@physics.ucsd.edu FU NIST National Research Council; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; NSF CAREER Award [0956131]; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank W. Wu for valuable advice and thoughtful discussions. K.J.A. would like to acknowledge partial support from the NIST National Research Council. Partial support was also provided to K.J.A. by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. O.G.S. and Y.D. acknowledge support by the NSF CAREER Award Grant No. 0956131. Use of the APS was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 20 AR 207801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.207801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 035YZ UT WOS:000310991700026 PM 23215523 ER PT J AU Fiegland, LR Garst, AD Batey, RT Nesbitt, DJ AF Fiegland, Larry R. Garst, Andrew D. Batey, Robert T. Nesbitt, David J. TI Single-Molecule Studies of the Lysine Riboswitch Reveal Effector-Dependent Conformational Dynamics of the Aptamer Domain SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATING-LASER EXCITATION; METABOLITE-BINDING RIBOSWITCHES; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SAM-I RIBOSWITCH; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; DIFFUSING BIOMOLECULES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; LIGAND-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTION AB The lysine riboswitch is a cis-acting RNA genetic regulatory element found in the leader sequence of bacterial mRNAs coding for proteins related to biosynthesis or transport of lysine. Structural analysis of the lysine binding aptamer domain of this RNA has revealed that it completely encapsulates the ligand and therefore must undergo a structural opening/closing upon interaction with lysine. In this work, single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methods are used to monitor these ligand-induced structural transitions that are central to lysine riboswitch function. Specifically, a model FRET system has been developed for characterizing the lysine dissociation constant as well as the opening/closing rate constants for the Bacillus subtilis lysC aptamer domain. These techniques permit measurement of the dissociation constant (K-D) for lysine binding of 1.7(5) mM and opening/closing rate constants of 1.4(3) s(-1) and 0.203(7) s(-1), respectively. These rates predict an apparent dissociation constant for lysine binding (K-D,K-apparent) of 0.25(9) mM at near physiological ionic strength, which differs markedly from previous reports. C1 [Fiegland, Larry R.; Garst, Andrew D.; Batey, Robert T.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fiegland, Larry R.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Batey, Robert/A-8265-2009 OI Batey, Robert/0000-0002-1384-6625 FU National Science Foundation; Keck Foundation; National Research Council; NIH [GM 073850, T32 GM065103] FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation and the Keck Foundation to D.J.N. L.R.F. acknowledges postdoctoral support from the National Research Council, R.T.B. acknowledges support by an NIH grant (GM 073850), and A.D.G. acknowledges support from an NIH Biophysical Training Grant (T32 GM065103). NR 65 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 13 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 45 BP 9223 EP 9233 DI 10.1021/bi3007753 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 038QT UT WOS:000311189900020 PM 23067368 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN Newell, DB AF Mohr, Peter J. Taylor, Barry N. Newell, David B. TI CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010 SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; PROTON GYROMAGNETIC RATIO; HYDROGEN ENERGY-LEVELS; ELECTRON G-FACTOR; NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT; COUNTING CAPACITANCE STANDARD; OSCILLATORY FIELD MEASUREMENT; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENT AB This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants. C1 [Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.; Newell, David B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohr@nist.gov; barry.taylor@nist.gov; dnewell@nist.gov FU CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants FX This report was prepared by the authors under the auspices of the CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants. The members of the task group are F. Cabiati, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy; J. Fischer, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany; J. Flowers, National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom; K. Fujii, National Metrology Institute of Japan, Japan; S. G. Karshenboim, Pulkovo Observatory, Russian Federation; P. J. Mohr, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; D. B. Newell, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; F. Nez, Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, France; K. Pachucki, University of Warsaw, Poland; T. J. Quinn, Bureau international des poids et mesures; B. N. Taylor, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; B. M. Wood, National Research Council, Canada; and Z. Zhang, National Institute of Metrology, People's Republic of China. NR 387 TC 583 Z9 591 U1 4 U2 121 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD NOV 13 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 4 BP 1527 EP 1605 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1527 PG 79 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 035ZH UT WOS:000310993100001 ER PT J AU Comandini, A Awan, IA Manion, JA AF Comandini, Andrea Awan, Iftikhar A. Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Thermal decomposition of 1-pentyl radicals at high pressures and temperatures SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASTER EQUATION ANALYSIS; PENTYL RADICALS; SHOCK-TUBE; AB-INITIO; REVERSIBLE ISOMERIZATION; ACTIVATION REACTIONS; ALKYL RADICALS; RATE-CONSTANT; N-PENTYL; THRESHOLDS AB Shock-tube studies at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) have been used to examine the decomposition of 1-pentyl radicals in argon between (833-1130) K and (100-5000) kPa. High pressure limiting values of the product branching ratios appear to be approached at the highest pressures studied. Results agree well with a 'best-fit' model previously developed [ 1] and are consistent with an energy transfer value = (675 +/- 100) cm(-1) at 1000 K. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Awan, Iftikhar A.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Comandini, Andrea] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov RI Comandini, Andrea/N-9838-2016 OI Comandini, Andrea/0000-0002-7120-1913 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2012 VL 552 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.09.039 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 030JU UT WOS:000310567800003 ER PT J AU Flannaghan, TJ Fueglistaler, S AF Flannaghan, T. J. Fueglistaler, S. TI Tracking Kelvin waves from the equatorial troposphere into the stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; TROPOPAUSE; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; SABER AB Convectively coupled Kelvin waves in the troposphere have a vertically propagating component which propagates through the tropical tropopause layer into the stratosphere. In the tropical tropopause layer above the typical top of deep convection, these waves propagate as dry waves. In the stratosphere they contribute to the forcing of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation. Here, we address the challenge to track individual waves in a region where both static stability and background wind rapidly change with a new algorithm that operates in real space and uses the full longitude/height/time information available to reliably identify Kelvin waves. We argue that our algorithm overcomes inherent ambiguities in previously published methods. Specifically, our algorithm cleanly separates wave activity and number of waves, and successfully tracks waves also in regions where background wind reduces wave amplitudes. Applied to ECMWF reanalysis data for the period 1989-2011, we obtain a statistical description of Kelvin wave propagation that shows propagation through the TTL into the stratosphere occurs predominantly over the Indian Ocean and Atlantic. C1 [Flannaghan, T. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Fueglistaler, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Flannaghan, TJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. EM tomannaghan@gmail.com RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013 FU NERC; EU FX We thank George Kiladis and an anonymous reviewer for their very thorough and helpful comments on the first draft of this paper. We thank ECMWF for providing the ERA-Interim data. The CLAUS brightness temperature data used was obtained from the British Atmospheric Data Centre. TF has been supported by a NERC PhD studentship, with additional support from the EU-funded SHIVA project. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D21108 DI 10.1029/2012JD017448 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035RB UT WOS:000310964300001 ER PT J AU Pagowski, M Grell, GA AF Pagowski, Mariusz Grell, Georg A. TI Experiments with the assimilation of fine aerosols using an ensemble Kalman filter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; ERROR STATISTICS; UNITED-STATES; GOCART MODEL; PART I AB In a series of experiments we issue forecasts of fine aerosol concentration over the coterminous USA and southern Canada using the Weather Research and Forecasting - Chemistry model initialized with 3D-VAR or ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) assimilation methods. Assimilated observations include surface measurements of fine aerosols from the United States Environmental Protection Agency AIRNow Data Exchange program. Evaluation statistics calculated over a month-and-half-long summer period demonstrate the advantage of EnKF over 3D-VAR and point to the limitations of applying a simple aerosol parameterization for predicting air quality over the forecast area. Strategies for further improvement of forecasting aerosol concentrations are discussed. C1 [Pagowski, Mariusz; Grell, Georg A.] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pagowski, Mariusz] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pagowski, M (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, R-GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mariusz.pagowski@noaa.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 FU NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research; NOAA Air Quality Program; NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology FX This research is funded by Early Start Funding from the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research, the NOAA Air Quality Program, and the NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology. The authors thank Jeff Whitaker from NOAA/ESRL/PSD for making the EnSRF computer code available and for guidance in the initial stages of this work. Stu McKeen and Ravan Ahmadov from NOAA/ESRL/CSD prepared original emissions for WRF-Chem simulations. PM2.5 observations were obtained through U.S. EPA AIRNow Data Exchange program and speciated aerosol data are available thanks to the Western Regional Air Partnership. Comments of three anonymous reviewers let us improve the paper. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D21302 DI 10.1029/2012JD018333 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035RB UT WOS:000310964300002 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Reeves, G Friedel, RHW Thomsen, MF Looper, M Evans, D Sauvaud, JA AF Chen, Yue Reeves, Geoffrey Friedel, Reiner H. W. Thomsen, Michelle F. Looper, Mark Evans, David Sauvaud, Jean-Andre TI LEEM: A new empirical model of radiation-belt electrons in the low-Earth-orbit region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE; SOLAR AB A new empirical model of radiation-belt electrons in the low-Earth-orbit region has been developed based upon decade-long in situ observations from several low-altitude-orbiting satellites. This model-LEEM-aims to provide the electron environment conditions that a satellite would encounter in a given low Earth orbit. This model presents electron flux values for five energy ranges (0.03-2.5 MeV, 0.1-2.5 MeV, 0.3-2.5 MeV, 1.5-6 MeV, and 2.5-14 MeV) within the space below an altitude of similar to 600 km. Compared to the de-facto standard empirical model of AE-8, this model not only has a better data coverage in this specific region, but also can provide statistical information on flux levels such as worst cases and occurrence percentiles instead of solely mean values. The comparison indicates that the AE-8 model not only highly overpredicts the fluxes in the inner belt region in most cases, especially for the MeV electrons, which cannot be accounted for by the widely quoted error factor of 2 for AE-8, but also is unable to reflect the observed orders of magnitude variations in electron intensities. The LEEM model is carefully validated with both in-sample and out-of-sample tests. The characteristic electron environments along the International Space Station track and other virtual orbits are given as examples and as a demonstration of the use of the model. C1 [Chen, Yue; Reeves, Geoffrey; Friedel, Reiner H. W.; Thomsen, Michelle F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Looper, Mark] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Evans, David] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Sauvaud, Jean-Andre] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cheny@lanl.gov RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU DOE office of Nuclear and Non-proliferation; Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD ER program; NASA [07-LWS07-00054] FX This work was supported by the DOE office of Nuclear and Non-proliferation, Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD ER program, and NASA Living With a Star Program (07-LWS07-00054). We are also grateful for the use of IRBEM-LIB codes for calculating magnetic coordinates. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A11205 DI 10.1029/2012JA017941 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 035RX UT WOS:000310967000004 ER PT J AU Avery, AD Pufall, MR Zink, BL AF Avery, A. D. Pufall, M. R. Zink, B. L. TI Determining the planar Nernst effect from magnetic-field-dependent thermopower and resistance in nickel and permalloy thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CO/CU; MAGNETOTHERMOPOWER; MULTILAYERS; POWER; HALL AB We presentmagnetic-field-dependent measurements of thermopower, alpha(H), and resistance, R(H), for Ni80Fe20 and Ni thin films. We conducted these experiments in fields oriented parallel and perpendicular to the applied thermal gradient, (del) over right arrowT, for alpha(H) and applied current for R(H). We deposited the 20-nm-thick films on 500-nm-thick suspended Si-N thermal isolation platforms that enable in-plane measurements of thermal and electrical properties of thin films. Both alpha(H) and R(H) in Ni-Fe and Ni films exhibit evidence of spin-dependent scattering through an even field dependence and a linear proportionality between alpha(H) and 1/R(H). Finally, we use alpha(H-parallel to) and alpha(H-perpendicular to) to determine the planar Nernst coefficient in Ni-Fe and Ni thin films and use this coefficient to predict the size of the planar Nernst effect (PNE) in the micromachined platform. The measured field dependence of the PNE is well matched by the prediction obtained from our alpha(H) results. C1 [Avery, A. D.; Zink, B. L.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Pufall, M. R.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Avery, AD (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X FU NSF CAREER [DMR-0847796] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the NSF CAREER Grant (No. DMR-0847796). We also thank J. Beall, G. Hilton, D. Schmidt, and A. Fox for fabrication advice and assistance, and S. Mason, D. Bassett, and G. Cotteril for assistance in the lab. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 18 AR 184408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.184408 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 034CX UT WOS:000310848800003 ER PT J AU Eckel, S Sushkov, AO Lamoreaux, SK AF Eckel, S. Sushkov, A. O. Lamoreaux, S. K. TI Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment Using Paramagnetic Ferroelectric Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SRTIO3 AB We report on the results of a search for the electron electric dipole moment d(e) using paramagnetic ferroelectric Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3. The electric polarization creates an effective electric field that makes it energetically favorable for the spins of the seven unpaired 4f electrons of the Eu2+ to orient along the polarization, provided that d(e) not equal 0. This interaction gives rise to sample magnetization, correlated with its electric polarization, and is therefore equivalent to a linear magnetoelectric effect. A SQUID magnetometer is used to search for the resulting magnetization. We obtain d(e) = (-1.07 +/- 3.06(stat) +/- 1.74(syst)) x 10(-25) ecm, implying an upper limit of vertical bar d(e)vertical bar < 6.05 x 10(-25) ecm (90% confidence). C1 [Eckel, S.; Sushkov, A. O.; Lamoreaux, S. K.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Eckel, S (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.eckel@aya.yale.edu RI Eckel, Stephen/K-5215-2014 OI Eckel, Stephen/0000-0002-8887-0320 FU Yale University FX The authors would like to thank N. A. Spaldin, O. P. Sushkov, D. Budker, L. S. Bouchard, and D. P. DeMille for useful discussions. We would also like to thank J. Haase, N. Georgieva, and S. Kamba for providing preliminary measurements of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3. This work was supported by Yale University. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 19 AR 193003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.193003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034EL UT WOS:000310853100007 PM 23215379 ER PT J AU Kim, CK Toft, JE Papenfus, M Verutes, G Guerry, AD Ruckelshaus, MH Arkema, KK Guannel, G Wood, SA Bernhardt, JR Tallis, H Plummer, ML Halpern, BS Pinsky, ML Beck, MW Chan, F Chan, KMA Levin, PS Polasky, S AF Kim, Choong-Ki Toft, Jodie E. Papenfus, Michael Verutes, Gregory Guerry, Anne D. Ruckelshaus, Marry H. Arkema, Katie K. Guannel, Gregory Wood, Spencer A. Bernhardt, Joanna R. Tallis, Heather Plummer, Mark L. Halpern, Benjamin S. Pinsky, Malin L. Beck, Michael W. Chan, Francis Chan, Kai M. A. Levin, Phil S. Polasky, Stephen TI Catching the Right Wave: Evaluating Wave Energy Resources and Potential Compatibility with Existing Marine and Coastal Uses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONVERTERS; IMPACTS; POWER AB Many hope that ocean waves will be a source for clean, safe, reliable and affordable energy, yet wave energy conversion facilities may affect marine ecosystems through a variety of mechanisms, including competition with other human uses. We developed a decision-support tool to assist siting wave energy facilities, which allows the user to balance the need for profitability of the facilities with the need to minimize conflicts with other ocean uses. Our wave energy model quantifies harvestable wave energy and evaluates the net present value (NPV) of a wave energy facility based on a capital investment analysis. The model has a flexible framework and can be easily applied to wave energy projects at local, regional, and global scales. We applied the model and compatibility analysis on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada to provide information for ongoing marine spatial planning, including potential wave energy projects. In particular, we conducted a spatial overlap analysis with a variety of existing uses and ecological characteristics, and a quantitative compatibility analysis with commercial fisheries data. We found that wave power and harvestable wave energy gradually increase offshore as wave conditions intensify. However, areas with high economic potential for wave energy facilities were closer to cable landing points because of the cost of bringing energy ashore and thus in nearshore areas that support a number of different human uses. We show that the maximum combined economic benefit from wave energy and other uses is likely to be realized if wave energy facilities are sited in areas that maximize wave energy NPV and minimize conflict with existing ocean uses. Our tools will help decision-makers explore alternative locations for wave energy facilities by mapping expected wave energy NPV and helping to identify sites that provide maximal returns yet avoid spatial competition with existing ocean uses. C1 [Kim, Choong-Ki; Toft, Jodie E.; Papenfus, Michael; Verutes, Gregory; Guerry, Anne D.; Ruckelshaus, Marry H.; Arkema, Katie K.; Guannel, Gregory; Wood, Spencer A.; Bernhardt, Joanna R.; Tallis, Heather] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kim, Choong-Ki] Inha Univ, Ocean Sci & Technol Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Papenfus, Michael] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Bernhardt, Joanna R.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Plummer, Mark L.; Levin, Phil S.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Pinsky, Malin L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Beck, Michael W.] Nature Conservancy, Global Marine Team, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Chan, Francis] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chan, Kai M. A.] Univ British Columbia, IRES, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kim, CK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ckim3@stanford.edu RI Pinsky, Malin/K-2884-2015 OI Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [1874] FX Funding was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant 1874, http://www.moore.org). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 62 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e47598 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047598 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048TK UT WOS:000311935800024 PM 23144824 ER PT J AU Avery, AD Pufall, MR Zink, BL AF Avery, A. D. Pufall, M. R. Zink, B. L. TI Observation of the Planar Nernst Effect in Permalloy and Nickel Thin Films with In-Plane Thermal Gradients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN CALORITRONICS; SPINTRONICS; HALL; SEMICONDUCTOR AB We present experimental evidence of a transverse thermopower, or planar Nernst effect, in ferromagnetic metal thin films driven by thermal gradients applied in the plane of the films. Samples of 20 nm thick Ni and Ni80Fe20 were deposited on 500 nm thick suspended Si-N thermal isolation platforms with integrated platinum strips designed originally to allow measurement of thermally generated spin currents (the spin Seebeck effect). The low thermal conductivity of the thin supporting Si-N structure results in an essentially 2D geometry that approaches the zero substrate limit, dramatically reducing the contribution of thermal gradients perpendicular to the sample plane typically found in similar experiments on bulk substrates. The voltage on the platinum strips generated transverse to the applied thermal gradient (V-T) is linear with increasing Delta T and exhibits a sign reversal on hot and cold sides of the sample. However, V-T is always even in applied magnetic field and shows a sin theta cos theta angular dependence, both key indicators of the planar Nernst effect. Within the 5 nV estimated error of our experiment there is no evidence of a signal from the spin Seebeck effect, which would have cos theta angular dependence, suggesting a reduced spin Seebeck coefficient in a planar, entirely thin-film geometry. C1 [Avery, A. D.; Zink, B. L.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Pufall, M. R.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Avery, AD (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X FU Nanoelectronics Research Corporation through the Western Institute of Nanoelectronics; NSF CAREER [DMR-0847796] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Nanoelectronics Research Corporation through the Western Institute of Nanoelectronics and the NSF CAREER Grant No. (DMR-0847796). We also thank J. Beall, G. Hilton, D. Schmidt, and A. Fox for fabrication advice and assistance, and S. Mason, D. Bassett, D. Wei, and J. Rauch for assistance in the lab. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 91 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 19 AR 196602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.196602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034ED UT WOS:000310852000020 PM 23215412 ER PT J AU He, C Grutter, AJ Gu, M Browning, ND Takamura, Y Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Kim, JW Fitzsimmons, MR Zhai, X Mehta, VV Wong, FJ Suzuki, Y AF He, C. Grutter, A. J. Gu, M. Browning, N. D. Takamura, Y. Kirby, B. J. Borchers, J. A. Kim, J. W. Fitzsimmons, M. R. Zhai, X. Mehta, V. V. Wong, F. J. Suzuki, Y. TI Interfacial Ferromagnetism and Exchange Bias in CaRuO3/CaMnO3 Superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITES; ANISOTROPY AB We have found ferromagnetism in epitaxially grown superlattices of CaRuO3/CaMnO3 that arises in one unit cell at the interface. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy indicate that the difference in magnitude of the Mn valence states between the center of the CaMnO3 layer and the interface region is consistent with double exchange interaction among the Mn ions at the interface. Polarized neutron reflectivity and the CaMnO3 thickness dependence of the exchange bias field together indicate that the interfacial ferromagnetism is only limited to one unit cell of CaMnO3 at each interface. The interfacial moment alternates between the 1 mu(B)/interface Mn ion for even CaMnO3 layers and the 0.5 mu(B)/interface Mn ion for odd CaMnO3 layers. This modulation, combined with the exchange bias, suggests the presence of a modulating interlayer coupling between neighboring ferromagnetic interfaces via the antiferromagnetic CaMnO3 layers. C1 [He, C.; Grutter, A. J.; Zhai, X.; Mehta, V. V.; Wong, F. J.; Suzuki, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grutter, A. J.; Mehta, V. V.; Suzuki, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gu, M.; Browning, N. D.; Takamura, Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, J. W.; Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP He, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chunyong.he@gmail.com RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Gu, Meng/B-8258-2013; OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X FU Army Research Office [MURI-W911 NF-08-1-0317]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR-747896]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. DOE [DE-FG0203ER46057]; Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We would like to thank Professor Michael Flatte and Professor Robert M. White for fruitful discussions. C. H. was supported by the Army Research Office MURI-W911 NF-08-1-0317. A.J.G., V. V. M., and the TEM work performed at NCEM were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (DE-AC02-05CH11231). The TEM work at UC Davis was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-747896) and by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. DOE (DE-FG0203ER46057). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 9 U2 92 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 19 AR 197202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.197202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034ED UT WOS:000310852000025 PM 23215420 ER PT J AU Gunderson, WA Hernandez-Guzman, J Karr, JW Sun, L Szalai, VA Warncke, K AF Gunderson, William A. Hernandez-Guzman, Jessica Karr, Jesse W. Sun, Li Szalai, Veronika A. Warncke, Kurt TI Local Structure and Global Patterning of Cu2+ Binding in Fibrillar Amyloid-beta [A beta(1-40)] Protein SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COORDINATION GEOMETRY; COPPER-BINDING; CU(II) BINDING; SPIN-ECHO; PEPTIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; OLIGOMERS; DIOXYGEN AB The amyloid-beta (A beta) protein forms fibrils and higher-order plaque aggegrates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. The copper ion, Cu2+, is found at high concentrations in plaques, but its role in AD etiology is unclear. We use high-resolution pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize the coordination structure of Cu2+ in the fibrillar form of full-length A beta(1-40). The results reveal a bis-cis-histidine (His) equatorial Cu2+ coordination geometry and participation of all three N-terminal His residues in Cu2+ binding. A model is proposed in which Cu2+-His6/His13 and Cu2+-His6/His14 sites alternate along the fibril axis on opposite sides of the beta-sheet fibril structure. The local intra-beta-strand coordination structure is not conducive to Cu2+/Cu+ redox-linked coordination changes, and the global arrangement of Cu sites precludes facile multielectron and bridged-metal site reactivity. This indicates that the fibrillar form of A beta suppresses Cu redox cycling and reactive oxygen species production. The configuration suggests application of Cu2+-A beta fibrils as an amyloid architecture for switchable electron charge/spin coupling and redox reactivity. C1 [Gunderson, William A.; Hernandez-Guzman, Jessica; Sun, Li; Warncke, Kurt] Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Karr, Jesse W.] Siena Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. [Szalai, Veronika A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Warncke, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM kwarncke@physics.emory.edu FU NIH NCRR [RR17767]; Emory University FX We thank Dr. Robert Tycko (Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institutes of Health) for the gift of the 15N,13C-labeled His13 and His14 A beta(1-40) peptides. The purchase of the Bruker E500 EPR spectrometer was funded by NIH NCRR grant RR17767 and by Emory University. NR 54 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 44 BP 18330 EP 18337 DI 10.1021/ja306946q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032LS UT WOS:000310720900035 PM 23043377 ER PT J AU Gupta, K Curtis, JE Krueger, S Hwang, Y Cherepanov, P Bushman, FD Van Duyne, GD AF Gupta, Kushol Curtis, Joseph E. Krueger, Susan Hwang, Young Cherepanov, Peter Bushman, Frederic D. Van Duyne, Gregory D. TI Solution Conformations of Prototype Foamy Virus Integrase and Its Stable Synaptic Complex with U5 Viral DNA SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; HIV-1 INTEGRASE; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; CONCERTED INTEGRATION; STRAND TRANSFER; IN-VITRO; PROTEINS; EQUILIBRIUM AB Using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS), in combination with analytical centrifugation and light scattering, we have determined the solution properties of PFV IN alone and its synaptic complex with processed U5 viral DNA and related these properties to models derived from available crystal structures. PFV IN is a monomer in solution, and SAXS analysis indicates an ensemble of conformations that differ from that observed in the crystallographic DNA-bound state. Scattering data indicate that the PFV intasome adopts a shape in solution that is consistent with the tetrameric assembly inferred from crystallographic symmetry, and these properties are largely preserved in the presence of divalent ions and clinical strand transfer inhibitors. Using contrast variation methods, we have reconstructed the solution structure of the PFV intasome complex and have located the distal domains of IN that were unresolved by crystallography. These results provide important insights into the architecture of the retroviral intasome. C1 [Gupta, Kushol; Van Duyne, Gregory D.] Univ Penn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gupta, Kushol; Van Duyne, Gregory D.] Univ Penn, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Curtis, Joseph E.; Krueger, Susan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Young; Bushman, Frederic D.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cherepanov, Peter] London Res Inst, London EN6 3LD, England. RP Van Duyne, GD (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM vanduyne@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Cherepanov, Peter/F-6859-2010; OI Cherepanov, Peter/0000-0002-0634-538X; Bushman, Frederic/0000-0003-4740-4056 FU DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported Research Center [RR-08630]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0936384]; NIH/NCRR [RR-01646] FX The authors would like to thank Gregory Hura, Jane Tanamachi, Kevin Dyer, and Michael Hammel (all of ALS); Liang Guo (APS); and Richard Gillilan (CHESS) for their technical support with data collection. The ALS SIBYLS beamline is supported by the DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the APS was supported by DOE contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. BioCAT is a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported Research Center RR-08630. CHESS is supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) award (DMR-0936384), and the MacCHESS resource is supported by an NIH/NCRR award (RR-01646). The neutron scattering studies utilized facilities supported, in part, by the NSF under agreement no. DMR-0454672. G.V. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD NOV 7 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1918 EP 1928 DI 10.1016/j.str.2012.08.023 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 034GR UT WOS:000310861400016 PM 23000384 ER PT J AU Lenhart, JL Fischer, DA Chantawansri, TL Andzelm, JW AF Lenhart, Joseph L. Fischer, Daniel A. Chantawansri, Tanya L. Andzelm, Jan W. TI Surface Orientation of Polystyrene Based Polymers: Steric Effects from Pendant Groups on the Phenyl Ring SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; THIN-FILMS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS AB Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) coupled with molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to probe the orientation at the exposed surface of the polymer film for polystyrene type polymers With various pendant functional groups off the phenyl ring. For all the polymers, the surface was oriented so that the rings are nominally normal to the film surface and pointing outward from the surface. The magnitude of this orientation was small and dependent on the size of the pendant functional group. Bulky functional groups hindered the surface orientation, leading to nearly unoriented surfaces. Depth dependent NEXAFS measurements demonstrated that the surface orientation was localized near the interface. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the phenyl rings were not oriented strongly around a particular "average tilt angle". In contrast, simulations demonstrate that the phenyl rings exhibit a broad distribution of tilt angles, and that changes in the tilt angle distribution with pendant functionality give rise to the observed NEXAFS response, The more oriented samples exhibit a higher probability of phenyl ring orientation at angles greater than 60 degrees relative to the plane of the films surface. C1 [Lenhart, Joseph L.; Chantawansri, Tanya L.; Andzelm, Jan W.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lenhart, Joseph L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM joseph.l.lenhart.civ@mail.mil RI Chantawansri, Tanya/N-3601-2013 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would also like to thank B. C. Rinderspacher for useful discussion. This work was initiated at Sandia National Laboratories by J.L.L. and is being continued at the United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, by J.L.L., T.L.C., and J.WA. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. Certain commercial equipment and materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendations by the Army Research Laboratory or does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 84 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 44 BP 15713 EP 15724 DI 10.1021/la303507e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 031TD UT WOS:000310664300034 PM 23078172 ER PT J AU Chia, HJ Guo, F Belova, LM McMichael, RD AF Chia, Han-Jong Guo, Feng Belova, L. M. McMichael, R. D. TI Two-dimensional spectroscopic imaging of individual ferromagnetic nanostripes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE; MEMORY; LOGIC AB We use ferromagnetic-resonance force microscopy to spectroscopically image the edge modes in individual 700 nm and 400 nm wide Permalloy stripes with a spatial resolution on the order of 200 nm. The imaging clearly identifies some resonances as edge modes in stripes in a case where mode identification by comparison with micromagnetic modeling is not clear. Combined spectroscopic and spatial scans reveal clear differences in the edge mode resonances at opposite edges of the stripes as well as inhomogeneity along the length of the stripe. C1 [Chia, Han-Jong; Guo, Feng; McMichael, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chia, Han-Jong; Guo, Feng] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Belova, L. M.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP McMichael, RD (reprint author), Everspin Technol Inc, Chandler, AZ USA. EM robert.mcmichael@nist.gov RI Belova, Lyubov/A-9868-2011; Guo, Feng/N-8584-2013; OI Belova, Lyubov/0000-0003-4889-4210; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX Dr. Chia and Dr. Guo acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 6 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 18 AR 184406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.184406 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 033ZR UT WOS:000310840400004 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZF Liu, CJ Fang, YM Zhou, J Glasser, RT Chen, LQ Jing, JT Zhang, WP AF Zhou, Zhifan Liu, Cunjin Fang, Yami Zhou, Jun Glasser, Ryan T. Chen, Liqing Jing, Jietai Zhang, Weiping TI Optical logic gates using coherent feedback SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE light coherence; multiwave mixing; optical feedback; optical logic; rubidium ID RUBIDIUM VAPOR; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; LIGHT; SODIUM; CHIP AB We experimentally demonstrate optical logic "or" and "nor" gates via coherent feedback. Based on a four-wave mixing process in hot rubidium vapor, two feedback beams are capable of fulfilling an optical "nor" gate for the feedback-suppressed state and an optical "or" gate for the feedback-boosted state simultaneously. The logic gates exhibit transition times faster than previously demonstrated in rubidium vapor. Coherent photon conversion between the two logic states, due to the atomic coherence, is observed in the coherent feedback process. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4767133] C1 [Zhou, Zhifan; Liu, Cunjin; Fang, Yami; Zhou, Jun; Chen, Liqing; Jing, Jietai; Zhang, Weiping] E China Normal Univ, Quantum Inst Light & Atoms, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Zhifan; Liu, Cunjin; Fang, Yami; Zhou, Jun; Chen, Liqing; Jing, Jietai; Zhang, Weiping] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Glasser, Ryan T.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Zhifan; Glasser, Ryan T.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Zhifan; Glasser, Ryan T.] Univ Maryland Coll Pk, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhou, ZF (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Quantum Inst Light & Atoms, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. EM jtjing@phy.ecnu.edu.cn; wpzhang@phy.ecnu.edu.cn RI Zhang, Weiping/L-7020-2014; Zhang, Weiping/E-1076-2017 OI Zhang, Weiping/0000-0001-5098-4042 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CB921604]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11234003, 10974057, 11004058, 11274118, J1030309]; Shanghai Pujiang Program [09PJ1404400]; Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-10-0383]; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission; Shanghai Education Development Foundation [11SG26]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX We thank Saijun Wu and Ulrich Vogl for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2011CB921604, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11234003, 10974057, 11004058, 11274118, and J1030309, the Shanghai Pujiang Program under Grant No. 09PJ1404400, the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-10-0383), the Shu Guang project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (11SG26), and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry. R.T.G. was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 19 AR 191113 DI 10.1063/1.4767133 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 040JZ UT WOS:000311320100013 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Kline, SR Wycoff, WG Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Kline, Steven R. Wycoff, Wei G. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Investigating Structural Alterations in Pyrogallol[4]arene-Pyrene Nanotubular Frameworks SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE pyrogallol[4]arene; SANS; nanotube; supramolecular chemistry; diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy ID ASSEMBLING ORGANIC NANOTUBES; DIFFUSION NMR; HEXAMERIC CAPSULES; ENCAPSULATION; NANOCAPSULES; RESORCINARENE; ORGANIZATION; DENDRIMERS; PHASE AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and diffusion NMR studies are performed to investigate the stability and geometry of hydrogen-bonded pyrene-guest-containing C-hexylpyrogallol[4]arene (PgC(6)-pyrene) nanotubular frameworks in solution. In the solid state, hydrogen-bonded pyrogallol[4]arene tubes are formed; however, the scattering data for PgC(6)-pyrene assemblies in acetone are best modeled as dimeric spheres of PgC(6) with no pyrene guest. The result of diffusion NMR study also indicates the rearrangement of tubular entity into spherical framework in acetone. This is the first example of structural transformation of pyrogallol[4]arene nanotubes (guest-exo) in solution. Individual hydrogen-bonded spheres of PgC(6) exhibits a uniform radius of ca. 8.6 angstrom and a diffusion coefficient of 9.12 x 10(-10) m(2) s(-1) in acetone. The diffusion NMR measurements further gave, for the first time, insights into how the type of solvent (acetone vs. methanol vs. acetontitrile/D2O) governs the structural differences in these nanoassemblies. Solution-phase structural alteration observed for PgC(6)-pyrene gives evidence of enhanced stability of pyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules over nanotubes. C1 [Kumari, Harshita; Wycoff, Wei G.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM atwoodj@missouri.edu FU NSF; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, CHE-89-08304]; NIH/NCRR [S10 RR022341-] FX We thank NSF for support of this work (JLA). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 (SRK), NSF grant CHE-89-08304, NIH/NCRR S10 RR022341-01 (Cold probe) for NMR. Certain trade names and company products are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products are necessarily best for the purpose. We also thank Andrew V. Mossine for some help in solid-state synthesis using literature procedures. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD NOV 5 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 21 BP 3321 EP 3325 DI 10.1002/smll.201201384 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 030WK UT WOS:000310600600012 PM 22887912 ER PT J AU Johnston, L Miller, MW Baums, IB AF Johnston, Lyza Miller, Margaret W. Baums, Iliana B. TI Assessment of Host-Associated Genetic Differentiation among Phenotypically Divergent Populations of a Coral-Eating Gastropod across the Caribbean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; 2 SCLERACTINIAN HOSTS; CORALLIOPHILA-ABBREVIATA; CORALLIVOROUS GASTROPOD; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; ACROPORA-PALMATA; REEF FISH; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB Host-associated adaptation is emerging as a potential driver of population differentiation and speciation for marine organisms with major implications for ecosystem structure and function. Coralliophila abbreviata are corallivorous gastropods that live and feed on most of the reef-building corals in the tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean. Populations of C. abbreviata associated with the threatened acroporid corals, Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis, display different behavioral, morphological, demographic, and life-history characteristics than those that inhabit other coral host taxa, indicating that host-specific selective forces may be acting on C. abbreviata. Here, we used newly developed polymorphic microsatellite loci and mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data to assess the population genetic structure, connectivity, and demographic history of C. abbreviata populations from three coral host taxa (A. palmata, Montastraea spp., Mycetophyllia spp.) and six geographic locations across the Caribbean. Analysis of molecular variance provided some evidence of weak and possibly geographically variable host-associated differentiation but no evidence of differentiation among sampling locations or major oceanographic regions, suggesting high gene flow across the Caribbean. Phylogenetic network and Bayesian clustering analyses supported a hypothesis of a single panmictic population as individuals failed to cluster by host or sampling location. Demographic analyses consistently supported a scenario of population expansion during the Pleistocene, a time of major carbonate reef development in the region. Although further study is needed to fully elucidate the interactive effects of host-associated selection and high gene flow in this system, our results have implications for local and regional community interactions and impact of predation on declining coral populations. C1 [Johnston, Lyza] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Miller, Margaret W.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. [Baums, Iliana B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Johnston, L (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ljohnston@rsmas.miami.edu OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308 FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program via the Southeast Fisheries Science Center [NA07NMF4630096]; NSF [OCE 0550294] FX This project was funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program via the Southeast Fisheries Science Center and grants NA07NMF4630096 to LJ and NSF OCE 0550294 to IBB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 94 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 AR e47630 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047630 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 032GO UT WOS:000310702400012 PM 23133600 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Msadek, R Delworth, TL Dixon, KW Guilyardi, E Hawkins, E Karspeck, AR Mignot, J Robson, J Rosati, A Zhang, R AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Msadek, Rym Delworth, Thomas L. Dixon, Keith W. Guilyardi, Eric Hawkins, Ed Karspeck, Alicia R. Mignot, Juliette Robson, Jon Rosati, Anthony Zhang, Rong TI Comment on "Multiyear Prediction of Monthly Mean Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5 degrees N" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY AB Matei et al. (Reports, 6 January 2012, p. 76) claim to show skillful multiyear predictions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, these claims are not justified, primarily because the predictions of AMOC transport do not outperform simple reference forecasts based on climatological annual cycles. Accordingly, there is no justification for the "confident" prediction of a stable AMOC through 2014. C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Msadek, Rym; Delworth, Thomas L.; Dixon, Keith W.; Rosati, Anthony; Zhang, Rong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Guilyardi, Eric; Mignot, Juliette] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IRD, MNHN LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Guilyardi, Eric; Hawkins, Ed; Robson, Jon] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Karspeck, Alicia R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Gabriel.A.Vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Robson, Jon/A-7677-2012; Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Robson, Jon/0000-0002-3467-018X; Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 2 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6107 DI 10.1126/science.1222566 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 029SM UT WOS:000310516000028 PM 23118168 ER PT J AU DeSalvo, JA Hati, A Nelson, C Howe, DA AF DeSalvo, J. A. Hati, A. Nelson, C. Howe, D. A. TI Phase-Noise Measurement System for the Terahertz-Band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frequency control; harmonic mixers; metrology; phase noise; submillimeter wave measurements ID FM NOISE; LINEWIDTH; LASER AB We present phase-noise measurements in support of terahertz electronics. By combining even-harmonic mixers with a 2.5 GHz frequency comb, we achieve a phase-noise measurement system in waveguide (WR1.5) by use of cross-spectral and digital phase-noise measurement techniques. At 670 GHz an upper bound of this system's noise floor is found to be -20, -40, and -60 dBc/Hz at 1, 100, and 10000 Hz offsets, respectively. In addition, a commercial, low-phase-noise, 670 GHz source is measured at offset frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. C1 [DeSalvo, J. A.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP DeSalvo, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM desalvo@nist.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 2 IS 6 BP 638 EP 641 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2012.2222295 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 142AU UT WOS:000318769000010 ER PT J AU Liu, J Wang, C Tu, XM Liu, BL Chen, L Zheng, M Zhou, CW AF Liu, Jia Wang, Chuan Tu, Xiaomin Liu, Bilu Chen, Liang Zheng, Ming Zhou, Chongwu TI Chirality-controlled synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes using vapour-phase epitaxy SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; PREFERENTIAL GROWTH; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; SEPARATION; HYDROGEN; RECOGNITION; TRANSISTORS; MECHANISM; ARRAYS AB Chirality-controlled synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes with predefined chiralities has been an important but elusive goal for almost two decades. Here we demonstrate a general strategy for producing carbon nanotubes with predefined chiralities by using purified single-chirality nanotubes as seeds for subsequent metal catalyst free growth, resembling vapour-phase epitaxy commonly used for semiconductor films. In particular, we have successfully synthesized (7, 6), (6, 5) and (7, 7) nanotubes, and used Raman spectroscopy to show unambiguously that the original chiralities of the nanotube seeds are preserved. Furthermore, we have performed electrical measurements on synthesized individual (7, 6) and (6, 5) nanotubes, confirming their semiconducting nature. The vapour-phase epitaxy approach is found to be highly robust and should enable a wide range of fundamental studies and technological developments. C1 [Liu, Jia; Wang, Chuan; Liu, Bilu; Chen, Liang; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Liu, Jia; Wang, Chuan; Liu, Bilu; Chen, Liang; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhou, CW (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov; chongwuz@usc.edu RI Zhou, Chongwu/F-7483-2010; Wang, Chuan/B-3649-2011; Liu, Bilu/B-2287-2010; Liu, Jia/H-1359-2013; liu, jia/K-4605-2015 FU SRC FCRP FENA centre; Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge financial support from the SRC FCRP FENA centre and the Office of Naval Research. We thank Professor Stephen B. Cronin of University of Southern California for access to the micro-Raman system and for valuable discussions. NR 41 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 10 U2 129 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 AR 1199 DI 10.1038/ncomms2205 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 104KP UT WOS:000315992100034 ER PT J AU Saul, S Die, D Brooks, EN Burns, K AF Saul, Steven Die, David Brooks, Elizabeth N. Burns, Karen TI An Individual-Based Model of Ontogenetic Migration in Reef Fish Using a Biased Random Walk SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORAL-REEF; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT SHIFTS; RED SNAPPER; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; MANAGEMENT; MANGROVES; NURSERIES AB Migration is an important component of the life history and ontogeny of reef fish. On the west coast of Florida, the interaction between ontogenetically migrating reef fish and fishing effort is an important contributor to the pattern of fishing mortality. A biased random walk model was developed to represent the movement of red grouper Epinephelus morio from the inshore nursery habitat occupied by juveniles to the offshore reef habitat inhabited by adults on the West Florida Shelf. A simulated tagging study was conducted to develop distributions of movement speed. Time at large, release location, and input movement speed from conventional tagging data were used to parameterize the simulation. Maturity at age, determined when fish began moving, and directional movement behavior were modeled as functions of preferential habitat. The results suggest that the general movement of tagged fish can be represented using simple assumptions. Comparison of the tagging study and the tagging simulation showed no statistical differences between these two in terms of movement speed, distance traveled, mean size of fish at release, and mean size of fish at recapture. Furthermore, the age distribution of the fish arriving at the reef in the model matched the observed age distribution in the commercial catch. C1 [Saul, Steven] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Die, David] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Brooks, Elizabeth N.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Burns, Karen] Gulf Mexico Fisheries Management Council, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. RP Saul, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ssaul@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA/NMFS MARFIN [NA87FF0421, NA17FF2010]; NOAA CRP [NA03NMF4540417]; Florida Sea Grant [NA76RG0120]; National Marine Fisheries Service-Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship, Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research at the University of Miami; International Light Tackle Tournament Scholarship FX Thanks to Felicia Coleman at Florida State University and Karen Burns and Pete Simmons, who conducted the Mote Marine Laboratory research, for graciously sharing their tagging data for use in this study. The collection of tagging data was funded by NOAA/NMFS MARFIN awards NA87FF0421, NA17FF2010, NOAA CRP award NA03NMF4540417, and Florida Sea Grant award NA76RG0120. Funding for the model development presented in this paper was provided by the joint National Marine Fisheries Service-Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship, Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research at the University of Miami, and International Light Tackle Tournament Scholarship. The final version of this paper benefited tremendously from the comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1439 EP 1452 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.697091 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000002 ER PT J AU Neely, KG Myers, JM Hard, JJ AF Neely, Kathleen G. Myers, James M. Hard, Jeffrey J. TI A Comparison of Early Development between a Domesticated Stock of Coho Salmon and Its Parental Stock SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; EGG SIZE; KISUTCH; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; QUALITY; FITNESS AB We compared the rate of early development and yolk conversion efficiency in a domesticated stock of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch that had been selected for improved growth to pan size (350 g) over 18 generations with that of its hatchery-origin unselected parental stock. Fish from both the domesticated stock and the parental stock were spawned and incubated under similar conditions. The domesticated fish produced significantly smaller eggs, reached blastopore closure sooner, and utilized their yolk store more efficiently than the parental stock. Because we were concerned that egg size may have confounded the results of the blastopore closure portion of the experiment, we repeated the experiment using eggs of sizes different from those of the domesticated stock. We determined that the rate of early embryonic development to blastopore closure was strongly influenced by egg size, an influence that probably confounded our stock comparison. In contrast, comparisons of later embryonic growth rates show a clear distinction between the domesticated stock and parental stock, the domesticated stock exhibiting a growth rate significantly faster than that of parental stock for exogenous feeding. C1 [Neely, Kathleen G.; Myers, James M.; Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Neely, KG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kathleen.neely@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1504 EP 1509 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.711264 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000008 ER PT J AU Spies, I AF Spies, Ingrid TI Landscape Genetics Reveals Population Subdivision in Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Pacific Cod SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; GADUS-MORHUA L.; ATLANTIC COD; WALLEYE POLLOCK; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; STATISTICAL POWER; EGG DISTRIBUTION; F-STATISTICS; WESTERN GULF AB Landscape genetics of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus within the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI) management area of Alaska was examined in samples from nine spawning locations, including one temporal replicate sample, using 17 microsatellite DNA markers. This study examined fine-scale population structure of Pacific cod in the BSAI with the goal of identifying breaks in genetic continuity associated with physical barriers to migration and larval transport. Samples were taken from spawning fish collected from the western Aleutian Islands east to Unimak Pass and as far north as the Pribilof Islands. Overall, this work confirms previous studies, which found that genetic differentiation between samples is proportional to the distance between them, and also resolves population structure on a scale not previously possible. Results indicate that dispersal is not continuous at a fine scale and several distinct genetic groups were identified that correspond to differences in the physical environment of the BSAI. The data provide evidence for limited connectivity among spawning groups; in particular, there is evidence that a barrier exists between the Aleutian Islands and the eastern Bering Sea. In addition, analysis of molecular variance and Monmonier algorithm results suggest that, within the Bering Sea, the Unimak Pass and Pribilof Islands spawning groups may be distinct from each other, and the Wombling analysis indicates that samples west of Amchitka Pass in the western Aleutians may be distinct from those in the eastern Aleutians. C1 [Spies, Ingrid] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Spies, Ingrid] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Spies, I (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ingrid.spies@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board FX This work was funded by the North Pacific Research Board. I thank Tony Ballmann, Steve Barbeaux, Peter Beerli, Mickey Blake, Mike Canino, Dave Fraser, Tony Gharrett, Thomas Hollowed, Kate Hubbard, Peter Munro, Sandi Neidetcher, Olav Ormseth, Andre Punt, Kimberly Rand, Todd Seamons, Robin Waples, Rebecca White, the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), the Center for Environmental Genomics at the University of Washington (UW), the Molecular Ecology Research Lab (UW), Quantitative Ecology Resource Management at the UW for assistance, and four anonymous reviewers for their help. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 90 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1557 EP 1573 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.711265 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000013 ER PT J AU Duffy, WJ McBride, RS Hendricks, ML Oliveira, K AF Duffy, William J. McBride, Richard S. Hendricks, Michael L. Oliveira, Kenneth TI Otolith Age Validation and Growth Estimation from Oxytetracycline-Marked and Recaptured American Shad SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCALES; STOCKS AB This study validated a whole-otolith aging method using known-age American shad Alosa sapidissima from the Delaware River system. Although scale ages are commonly used in autecological and assessment studies of American shad, scale ages from the same fish could not be validated. New data reported here used known-aged otoliths and scales available from shad marked by oxytetracycline as larvae in a hatchery and recaptured as adults on or near their spawning ground. A subset of whole otoliths were examined and annuli-defined as a pair of translucent and opaque bands-were counted using males and females ranging in age from 3 to 9 years. The reading and interpretation of annuli by the more experienced reader were accurate with respect to the known age, whether measured as the percent agreement (PA = 80%) or Chang's coefficient of variation (CV = 3.11). The use of otoliths provided more accurate results than scales obtained from the same fish (PA = 46%; CV = 7.84). A second reader, who had no previous experience with this species, had lower performance scores but also performed better with otoliths; this demonstrated the need for training and testing when using the whole-otolith aging method. Growth modeling using ages of known-age juveniles and adults confirmed dimorphic growth. Females grew larger than males (von Bertalanffy L-infinity = 552 and 495-mm FL, respectively). The maximum age observed for females was only slightly older than males (9 versus 8 years). The superiority of the otolith-based age method makes it difficult to compare our results with older, scale-based demographic studies, but it represents an improved method for generating ages for future stock assessments. C1 [Duffy, William J.; McBride, Richard S.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Duffy, William J.; Oliveira, Kenneth] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Hendricks, Michael L.] Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Benner Spring Fish Res Stn, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Duffy, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM william.duffy@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank those at the PFBC for their assistance in the field, hatchery, and laboratory. We would also like to thank S. Cadrin, K. Limburg, J. Burnett, E. Robillard, and L. M. Dery-Wells for their assistance. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Advanced Study Program as a part of a Master's thesis from the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1664 EP 1671 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.720631 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 093TU UT WOS:000315216000021 ER PT J AU Katopodis, C Williams, JG AF Katopodis, Christos Williams, John G. TI The development of fish passage research in a historical context SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Dams; Fishways; Fish passage; Fish behaviour; Fish bypass; Nature-like ID VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; ADULT WHITE STURGEON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; CHINOOK SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; COLUMBIA RIVER; BYPASS CHANNEL; DENIL FISHWAYS; TURBULENT-FLOW AB For centuries, humankind has constructed dams on rivers to control flooding, provide for irrigation and utilize potential energy for power, but generally dams had no or little provision for fish passage. Thus, they often blocked or impeded fish migrations. Empirical observations and "trial and error" approaches that characterized historical efforts to develop passage systems for upstream migrating fish often did not work. The first concerted efforts to develop scientifically based fishways for upstream migrant fish began in the early 1900s in Europe with field and laboratory testing of different fishway designs. These were followed by extensive efforts beginning in the 1940s in North America. Scientifically based testing of configurations for fishways for downstream migrant fish began in the 1950s. Nearly all early efforts were directed at salmonid species, with smaller efforts on shad. Recent species at risk legislation in the U.S.A., Canada, and Europe places renewed emphasis on fish passage for all migratory species, and efforts have also begun to develop successful passage strategies for migratory species in other countries worldwide. This has led to renewed efforts to develop effective passage systems and to try creative solutions using natural materials in addition to concrete or metal used in standard technical fishways. Regardless of the type of structures built, history has shown that the most effective means to develop successful installations has occurred when engineers and biologists worked together systematically to design passage structures based on the ability and willingness of fish to seek and accept the hydraulic conditions presented to them. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Katopodis, Christos] Katopodis Ecohydraul Ltd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3W7, Canada. [Williams, John G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Katopodis, C (reprint author), Katopodis Ecohydraul Ltd, 122 Valence Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3W7, Canada. EM KatopodisEcohydraulics@shaw.ca; jgw3@u.washington.edu NR 130 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 13 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 SI SI BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.07.004 PG 11 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 068SA UT WOS:000313385300002 ER PT J AU Muir, WD Williams, JG AF Muir, William D. Williams, John G. TI Improving connectivity between freshwater and marine environments for salmon migrating through the lower Snake and Columbia River hydropower system SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Hydropower system; Smolt survival; Travel time; Columbia River plume ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; PACIFIC SALMON; DELAYED MORTALITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SURVIVAL; STEELHEAD; HYDROSYSTEM; DAMS AB Snake River stream-type Chinook salmon smolts migrate >1000 km from rearing habitats to the Pacific Ocean and return 1-3 years later for their upstream spawning migration. Construction of 8 mainstem dams on the Snake/Columbia River that fish must pass has greatly altered the connectivity between their freshwater spawning and rearing habitats and the ocean. In addition to direct mortality to smolts passing through turbines, these dams along with over 200 additional dams and storage reservoirs above them affect the volume, timing and turbidity of river flows and the size of the plume entering the ocean. At mainstem dams, improvements to fish ladders have largely eliminated problems for upstream migrants, while construction of screened bypass systems, a spill program, and transport of smolts by barge have greatly improved direct survival of juveniles. However, smolt-to-adult returns have not shown the same improvement and have been highly variable in recent years. While direct survival for juveniles passing 8 dams is now as high or higher than historically when they passed only 4, survival downstream of the last dam has changed in part due to altered timing and condition of smolts upon ocean entry. Recent additions of surface passage structures at dams have reduced travel time through the system to more closely approach historical rates prior to dam construction. However, substantial additional improvement in direct survival of smolts through the hydropower system does not appear achievable with existing knowledge and technology. Restoring conditions in the plume might improve survival but would require increased flow volume. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Muir, William D.; Williams, John G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Muir, WD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM bill.muir@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX We would like to thank Steve Smith, Jim Faulkner, Ben Sandford, Rich Zabel, and Doug Marsh from NOAA Fisheries for their efforts in the conduct and analysis of travel time and survival data used in this study and the Bonneville Power Administration for providing funding to conduct this research. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 SI SI BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.06.034 PG 6 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 068SA UT WOS:000313385300003 ER PT J AU Raman, B Shenoy, R Meier, DC Benkstein, KD Mungle, C Semancik, S AF Raman, Baranidharan Shenoy, Rupa Meier, Douglas C. Benkstein, Kurt D. Mungle, Casey Semancik, Steve TI Detecting and Recognizing Chemical Targets in Untrained Backgrounds With Temperature Programmed Sensors SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Background invariance; baseline correction; chemiresistors; electronic nose; event detection; temperature modulation ID OLFACTORY-BULB; WARFARE AGENTS; ARRAYS; MODEL; MICROSENSORS; DATABASES; NETWORK AB Applications for artificial olfaction typically require analytical performance in the context of diverse backgrounds. Therefore, to deal with practical challenges posed by chemical species recognition in the presence of pre-trained and untrained backgrounds, a desirable feature is the ability to rapidly detect fresh analyte introductions (foreground odor) and segment their contributions from the foreground-background response cocktail. Here, we present a simple approach for this purpose based on the moving-window pair-wise correlation between sensor responses measured at multiple temperatures. We show that pairwise-correlation across isotherm segments can be used as a robust measure to rapidly detect chemical events (onset and offset), as well as to track and compensate for sensor baseline changes due to background variations. We demonstrate this approach for the problem of identifying three toxic industrial chemicals-ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and chlorine-in several untrained backgrounds. Additionally, we show that the proposed scheme could be used to reduce baseline differences in response signatures between sensors of equivalent manufacture and thereby allow training and testing using different but comparable sensors. C1 [Raman, Baranidharan] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63137 USA. [Shenoy, Rupa; Meier, Douglas C.; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Mungle, Casey; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Raman, B (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63137 USA. EM barani@seas.wustl.edu; rupa.shenoy@nist.gov; dmeier@nist.gov; kurt.benkstein@nist.gov; casey.mungle@nist.gov; steves@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate; NIH (NIBIB)-NIST through National Research Council; Department of Commerce FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate. The work of B. Raman was supported by a NIH (NIBIB)-NIST Joint Postdoctoral Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council and a Measurement Science and Engineering Research Grants Program from the Department of Commerce. The work of C. Mungle was supported by an Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Fellowship. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Perena I. Gouma. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 11 SI SI BP 3238 EP 3247 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2197196 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 088DX UT WOS:000314815100018 ER PT J AU Broadwater, JD Kery, SM Eaton, M Hanley, G Henderson, S Johnston, J Krop, D Nordgren, E Quigley, C Vada, T AF Broadwater, John D. Kery, Sean M. Eaton, Michael Hanley, Gerry Henderson, Shawn Johnston, Jeff Krop, David Nordgren, Eric Quigley, Caitlin Vada, Torgeir TI A Forensic Investigation of the Sinking of USS Monitor Using Modern Naval Architecture Tools and Technologies SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Monitor; underwater archaeology; hydrodynamics; sinking; hydrostatics; seakeeping AB The Union ironclad warship USS Monitor foundered in heavy seas off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on December 31, 1862. This paper focuses on the development and validation of numerical models of a ship foundering using USS Monitor as a test subject. It begins with a brief account of the vessel's history and the circumstances leading up to the sinking, then presents the best estimate available for the vessel's loading condition and hydrostatics. The ingress of water into the ship at a number of locations was described by the survivors, some of whom speculated that the upper and lower hulls began to separate forward due to repeated impact with waves. However, the degraded condition of the wreckage after 149 years on the seafloor prevented an examination of that portion of the hull. Several linear and non-linear seakeeping models were run on this hull form, including both under tow and after the anchor was dropped just prior to the sinking. The seakeeping models provide time histories of hydrostatic head at each of the down flooding locations along with estimates of the slamming of the overhanging bow in moderate to large waves as reported in survivor testimony. The numerical tools developed to support this analysis will be able to support the analysis of other vessel-foundering events. C1 [Broadwater, John D.; Johnston, Jeff] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20742 USA. [Kery, Sean M.] CSC Def Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Eaton, Michael] CSC Adv Marine Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Henderson, Shawn] Miami Diver, Miami, FL USA. [Krop, David; Nordgren, Eric] Mariners Museum, Newport News, VA USA. [Quigley, Caitlin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Vada, Torgeir] DNV Software, Oslo, Norway. EM John.D.Broadwater@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 46 IS 6 BP 16 EP 37 PG 22 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 083FT UT WOS:000314448800005 ER PT J AU Harrison, MD Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS AF Harrison, Melanie D. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. TI Nitrate removal in two relict oxbow urban wetlands: a N-15 mass-balance approach SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Algae; Denitrification; Macrophytes; Nitrogen; Sediment ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER BACKWATER; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN; STABLE-ISOTOPE; DENITRIFICATION; STREAM; WATER; SOIL AB A N-15-tracer method was used to quantify nitrogen (N) removal processes in two relict oxbow wetlands located adjacent to the Minebank Run restored stream reach in Baltimore County (Maryland, USA) during summer 2009 and early spring 2010. A mass-balance approach was used to directly determine the flow of (NO3)-N-15 (-) to plants, algae, and sediments, with unaccounted for N-15 assumed to be denitrified. During the summer, plant and algal uptake accounted for 42%, of the added (NO3)-N-15 (-) in oxbow 1, less than 1% remained in the water column and 57% was unaccounted for. In oxbow 2 during the summer, plant and algal uptake accounted for 63% of the added (NO3)-N-15 (-), with < 1% remaining in the water column and 38% unaccounted for. During the early spring, plant and algal uptake were much lower in both oxbows, ranging from 0.05 to 13.3% of the N-15 added, with 97 and 87% was unaccounted for in oxbow 1 and 2, respectively. The amount of unaccounted for N-15 was equivalent to estimated areal denitrification rates of 12 and 6 mg N m(-2) d(-1) in the summer and 78 and 15 mg N m(-2) d(-1) in the spring, in oxbow 1 and oxbow 2, respectively. However, the uncertainty of these estimates is high as it was difficult to detect accumulation of N-15 in the sediments which could have accounted for a very large percentage of the added N-15. Our results suggest that the two relict oxbow wetlands are sinks for NO3 (-) during both summer and spring but that the pathways of removal vary with plants and algae playing a major role in summer but not in spring. C1 [Harrison, Melanie D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Harrison, Melanie D.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12454 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol & Earth Syst Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harrison, MD (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM Melanie.Harrison@noaa.gov RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR829676]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB-0423476]; NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program [0549469]; NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure [DBI 06-40300]; Maryland Sea Grant award [SA7528085-U]; NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP) FX This research was supported by grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (CR829676), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476), the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (0549469), the NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI 06-40300), Maryland Sea Grant award (SA7528085-U), and the NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP). We thank Dan Dillon, Dave Lewis, Lisa Martel, Robin Schmidt, Daniel Jones, and Emma Noonan for assistance with field and laboratory work, and Andrew Miller and Christopher Swan for thoughtful comments and review of the manuscript. The research has not been subjected to EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 74 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2012 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 647 EP 660 DI 10.1007/s10533-012-9708-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077XR UT WOS:000314063200040 ER PT J AU Oleshko, VP AF Oleshko, Vladimir P. TI The Use of Plasmon Spectroscopy and Imaging in a Transmission Electron Microscope to Probe Physical Properties at the Nanoscale SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E-MRS Symposium on Size-Dependent Properties of Nanomaterials CY MAY 09-13, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP E MRS DE Nanoscale Phenomena; High-Resolution TEM; AEM (EELS, EFTEM); Plasmons; In Situ ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TEM; TITANIUM; METALS; ALLOYS; EELS AB Valence EELS and energy-filtering TEM appear to be powerful tools to explore diverse nanoscale phenomena. The techniques enable real-time information on the band structure, bonding, dielectric and optical response and phase compositions of nanostructured materials. Furthermore, electron beam-induced excitations in the 0 to 50 eV energy loss range dominated by plasmons are sensitive to valence electron states primarily responsible for intrinsic materials properties. We used universality and scaling in relationships between the volume plasmon energy and cohesive energy, elastic moduli and hardness to derive analytical expressions for quantitative determination of the properties. Based on this approach, cohesive and elastic properties of metastable nanoprecipitates in structural alloys and hardness of diesel engine soot nanoparticles have been evaluated. Spatially-resolved plasmon spectroscopic imaging techniques offer possibilities to determine and image in situ multiple physical properties of nanoscale materials and to monitor their changes during dynamic transformations, thus establishing new capabilities for material research. C1 NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oleshko, VP (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45918] FX Author is thankful to Professor J. M. Howe from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA and to Dr. N. B. Zhitenev from the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD for stimulating discussions. This research was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814 and by the US Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG02-01ER45918). NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 11 BP 8580 EP 8588 DI 10.1166/jnn.2012.6818 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 074YM UT WOS:000313851000049 PM 23421247 ER PT J AU Barani, A Bush, MB Lawn, BR AF Barani, Amir Bush, Mark B. Lawn, Brian R. TI Effect of property gradients on enamel fracture in human molar teeth SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Teeth; Enamel; Longitudinal cracks; Property gradients; XFEM ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TOOTH ENAMEL; INDENTATION; ADAPTATION; HOMININS; BEHAVIOR; MAMMALS AB A model for the fracture of tooth enamel with graded elastic modulus and toughness is constructed using an extended finite element modeling (XFEM) package. The property gradients are taken from literature data on human molars, with maximum in modulus at the outer enamel surface and in toughness at the inner surface. The tooth is modeled as a brittle shell (enamel) and a compliant interior (dentin), with occlusal loading from a hard, flat contact at the cusp. Longitudinal radial (R) and margin (M) cracks are allowed to extend piecewise along the enamel walls under the action of an incrementally increasing applied load. A simple stratagem is deployed in which fictitious temperature profiles generate the requisite property gradients. The resulting XFEM simulations demonstrate that the crack fronts become more segmented as the property gradients become more pronounced, with enhanced propagation at the outer surface and inhibited propagation at the inner. Whereas the growth history of the cracks is profoundly influenced by the gradients, the ultimate critical loads required to attain full fractures are relatively unaffected. Some implications concerning dentistry are considered. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barani, Amir; Bush, Mark B.; Lawn, Brian R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bush, MB (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM mark.bush@uwa.edu.au FU Australian Research Council; US National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from grants provided by the Australian Research Council and the US National Science Foundation, and funding from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. They also acknowledge instructive discussions with Van Thompson (New York University), Paul Constantino (Marshall University), and Paul Abbott (The University of Western Australia). NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 15 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.06.014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 071MY UT WOS:000313598800012 PM 23032432 ER PT J AU Snay, RA AF Snay, Richard A. TI Evolution of NAD 83 in the United States: Journey from 2D toward 4D SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE History; Datum transformations; Dynamic datums; Crustal deformation; NAD 83 ID MODEL; US AB In 1986, Canada, Greenland, and the United States adopted the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) to replace the North American Datum of 1927 as their official spatial reference system for geometric positioning. The rigor of the original NAD 83 realization benefited from the extensive use of electronic distance measuring instrumentation and from the use of both TRANSIT Doppler observations and very long baseline interferometry observations. However, the original NAD 83 realization predated the widespread use of the global positioning system and the use of continuously operating reference stations. Consequently, NAD 83 has evolved significantly in the United States since 1986 to embrace these technological advances, as well as to accommodate improvements in the understanding of crustal motion. This paper traces this evolution from what started as essentially a two-dimensional (2D) reference frame and has been progressing toward a four-dimensional (4D) frame. In anticipation of future geodetic advances, the U. S. National Geodetic Survey is planning to replace NAD 83 about a decade from now with a newer, more geocentric spatial reference system for geometric positioning. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000083. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Snay, Richard A.] Natl Geodet Survey, Montgomery Village, MD 20886 USA. EM rssnay@aol.com NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 EI 1943-5428 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2012 VL 138 IS 4 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000083 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069FS UT WOS:000313421300001 ER PT J AU Fedchak, JA Defibaugh, DR AF Fedchak, James A. Defibaugh, Dana R. TI Long-term stability of metal-envelope enclosed Bayard-Alpert ionization gauges SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article DE calibration; ionisation gauges; transfer standards ID VACUUM STANDARD; HOT; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE AB Ionization vacuum gauges are used as secondary standards by calibration laboratories and as transfer standards in intercomparisons among metrology laboratories. A quantitative measurement of gauge stability with respect to the gauge calibration factor is critical for these applications. We report the long-term calibration stability of hot-filament metal-envelope enclosed ionization gauges based upon the analysis of repeat calibrations of nine gauges over a 15 year period. All of the gauges included in the study were of the same type: Bayard-Alpert type ionization gauges of an all-metal construction with an integral metal-envelope surrounding the hot-filament, grid, and collector. All were calibrated repeatedly at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using the NIST high-vacuum standard but are owned by organizations external to NIST. The gauges were removed from the high-vacuum standard after calibration, shipped back to the gauge-owner, and were returned to NIST at a later date (more than 1 year) for recalibration. Gauge stability was determined using a pooled standard deviation (weighted root-mean-square average of individual gauge standard deviations) based on all calibration factors measured at NIST and was used to define the relative uncertainty component associated with long-term stability u(LTS). We determined u(LTS) = 1.9% (k = 1) for gauges operated with 4 mA of emission current, and u(LTS) = 2.8% (k = 1) for gauges operated with 0.1 mA emission current. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4750482] C1 [Fedchak, James A.; Defibaugh, Dana R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fedchak, JA (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8364, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.fedchak@nist.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 AR 061601 DI 10.1116/1.4750482 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 042GA UT WOS:000311458500028 ER PT J AU Altukhov, AV Permyakov, PA Andrews, RD Burkanov, VN Calkins, DG Trukhin, AM Gelatt, TS AF Altukhov, A. V. Permyakov, P. A. Andrews, R. D. Burkanov, V. N. Calkins, D. G. Trukhin, A. M. Gelatt, T. S. TI Adult Steller sea lion mortality on rookeries in the Russian Far East, 2002-2010 SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Russian Far East; Steller sea lions; mortality; behavior; killer bulls ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; KURIL ISLANDS; FEMALES AB We used visual observations during nine field seasons to determine the causes and death rate of Steller sea lions older than 1 year on eight rookeries in the Russian Far East. The average annual death rate was 0.48% of the total recorded Steller sea lions on shore and varied among rookeriesy. The mortality did not exceed 0.29% in six rookeries, but reached 0.80-1.19% in two rookeries. Individuals of all age and sex groups were recorded among dead animals. Bulls died as a result of territorial conflicts, and cows and young lions were crushed or suffocated by bulls during copulation. The death of nearly half of the females was attributed to 11 bulls. C1 [Altukhov, A. V.; Burkanov, V. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Geog Inst, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Kamchatka, Russia. [Permyakov, P. A.; Trukhin, A. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Ilyichev Pacific Oceanol Inst, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Andrews, R. D.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Andrews, R. D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burkanov, V. N.; Gelatt, T. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, V. N.; Calkins, D. G.] N Pacific Wildlife Consulting LLC, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. RP Altukhov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Geog Inst, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Kamchatka, Russia. EM aaltukhov@gmail.com FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS, NOAA); Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS; Alaska SeaLife Center, North Pacific Wildlife Consulting FX This work was supported by the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMFS, NOAA), Alaska SeaLife Center, North Pacific Wildlife Consulting, and the Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 24 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-0740 J9 RUSS J MAR BIOL+ JI Russ. J. Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 38 IS 6 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1134/S106307401206003X PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 065QU UT WOS:000313164400004 ER PT J AU Vander Pol, SS Anderson, DW Jodice, PGR Stuckey, JE AF Vander Pol, Stacy S. Anderson, Daniel W. Jodice, Patrick G. R. Stuckey, Joyce E. TI East versus West: Organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Brown pelican; Egg; Biomonitor; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Pesticide; Flame retardant ID SEA-TURTLES; BIRDS; WILDLIFE; PREY AB Brown pelicans (Peleconus occidentalis) were listed as endangered in the United States in 1970, largely due to reproductive failure and mortality caused by organochlorine contaminants, such as DDT. The southeast population, P.o. carolinensis, was delisted in 1985, while the west coast population. P.o. californicus, was not delisted until 2009. As fish-eating coastal seabirds, brown pelicans may serve as a biomonitors. Organic contaminants were examined in brown pelican eggs collected from the Gulf of California in 2004 and South Carolina in 2005 using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Contaminants were compared using all individual data as well as statistically pooled samples to provide similar sample sizes with little difference in results. Principal components analysis separated the Gulf of California brown pelican eggs from the South Carolina eggs based on contaminant patterns. The South Carolina population had significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes, dieldrin and mirex, while the Gulf of California eggs had higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). With the exception of dieldrin and brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 47, this pattern was observed for mussel and oyster tissues from these regions, indicating the need for further study into the differences between east and west coast brown pelican populations and ecosystem contamination patterns. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vander Pol, Stacy S.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Anderson, Daniel W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Stuckey, Joyce E.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Vander Pol, SS (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM stacy.vanderpol@nist.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of California, Davis; Agricultural Experiment Station FX For the South Carolina eggs, logistical and administrative support was provided by SC DNR and Cape Romain NWR. The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. For the Gulf of California eggs, collecting permits were issued to the office of Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna Islas del Golfo de California, "Comision Nacional de Areas Natrurales Protegidas: (CONANP, see Godinez Reyes et al. (2006)). Support was provided by the University of California, Davis; Agricultural Experiment Station. NIST supported the analysis of all egg samples for organic contaminants. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 438 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.055 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065NN UT WOS:000313155300058 PM 23037812 ER PT J AU Berro, AJ Berglund, AJ Carmichael, PT Kim, JS Liddle, JA AF Berro, Adam J. Berglund, Andrew J. Carmichael, Peter T. Kim, Jong-Seung Liddle, J. Alexander TI Super-resolution Optical Measurement of Nanoscale Photoacid Distribution in Lithographic Materials SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE single-molecule fluorescence; super-resolution microscopy; chemically amplified resist; lithography; photoacid ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESISTS; POLYMER PHOTORESISTS; FLUORESCENT-PROBES; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; STORM; RESISTS; SYSTEMS; FRONT AB We demonstrate a method using photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM) in a soft-material system, with a rhodamine-lactam dye that is activated by both ultraviolet light and protonation, to reveal the nanoscale photoacid distribution in a model photoresist. Chemically amplified resists are the principal lithographic materials used in the semiconductor industry. The photoacid distribution generated upon exposure and its subsequent evolution during post-exposure bake is a major limiting factor in determining the resolution and lithographic quality of the final developed resist image. Our PALM data sets resolve the acid distribution in a latent Image with subdiffraction limit accuracy. Our overall accuracy is currently limited by residual mechanical drift. C1 [Berro, Adam J.; Berglund, Andrew J.; Carmichael, Peter T.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Jong-Seung] Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Kim, Jong Seung/N-4504-2015 OI Kim, Jong Seung/0000-0003-3477-1172 FU CRI project of KRF [2011-0000420]; National Research Council FX The authors would like to acknowledge Gregg Gallatin for helpful discussions, Henri Lezec for focused ion beam milling, and Jeff Fagan for assistance with fluorometry data. This work was supported by a grant from the CRI project (2011-0000420) of KRF (J.S.K.). A.J.B. would like to thank the National Research Council for postdoctoral funding. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2012 VL 6 IS 11 BP 9496 EP 9502 DI 10.1021/nn304285m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 043CY UT WOS:000311521700017 PM 23102414 ER PT J AU Sandberg, RL Padilha, LA Qazilbash, MM Bae, WK Schaller, RD Pietryga, JM Stevens, MJ Baek, B Nam, SW Klimov, VI AF Sandberg, Richard L. Padilha, Lazaro A. Qazilbash, Muhammad M. Bae, Wan Ki Schaller, Richard D. Pietryga, Jeffrey M. Stevens, Martin J. Baek, Burm Nam, Sae Woo Klimov, Victor I. TI Multiexciton Dynamics in Infrared-Emitting Colloidal Nanostructures Probed by a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanocrystal quantum dot; nanorod; carrier multiplication; multiexciton; Auger recombination; superconducting nanowire single-photon detector; photoluminesence ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; CARRIER MULTIPLICATION YIELDS; NANOCRYSTAL QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PBSE; EFFICIENCY; EMISSION; NANORODS AB Carrier multiplication (CM) is the process in Which absorption of a single photon produces multiple electron-hole pairs. Here, we evaluate the effect of particle shape on CM efficiency by conducting a, comparative study of spherical nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) and elongated nanorods (NRs) of PbSe using a time-resolved technique that Is based on photon counting in the infrared using a superconducting nanowire single-photon photodetector (SNSPD). Due to its high sensitivity and low noise levels, this technique allows for accurate determination of CM yields, even with the small excitation intensities required for quantitative measurements, and the fairly low emission quantum yields of elongated NR samples. Our measurements indicate an up to similar to 60% Increase in multiexciton yields in NRs versus NQDs which is attributed primarily to a decrease in the electron-hole pair creation energy. These findings suggest that shape control is a promising approach for enhancing the CM process. Further; our. work demonstrates the effectiveness of the SNSPD technique for the rapid screening of CM performance in infrared nanomaterials. C1 [Sandberg, Richard L.; Padilha, Lazaro A.; Qazilbash, Muhammad M.; Bae, Wan Ki; Schaller, Richard D.; Pietryga, Jeffrey M.; Klimov, Victor I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Solar Photophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schaller, Richard D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stevens, Martin J.; Baek, Burm; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Solar Photophys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kilmov@lanl.gov RI Padilha, Lazaro/G-1523-2013; OI Sandberg, Richard/0000-0001-9719-8188; Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was performed within the Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics (CASP), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES). We thank E. Dauler, K. Berggren, and J. Stern for providing the SNSPD devices. We thank M. Rabin, M. Croce, and N. Weiss-Burnstein of Los Alamos National Laboratory for help In setting up and maintaining the SNSPD. R.L.S. and M.M.Q. were CASP members funded through Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2012 VL 6 IS 11 BP 9532 EP 9540 DI 10.1021/nn3043226 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 043CY UT WOS:000311521700021 PM 23020520 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Himoto, K AF Manzello, Samuel L. Himoto, Keisuke TI Special Issue Large Outdoor Fires Preface SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Himoto, Keisuke] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov; himoto.keisuke.5u@kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Himoto, Keisuke/E-7110-2013 OI Himoto, Keisuke/0000-0001-7965-0329 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 54 BP 143 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.07.001 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 061BS UT WOS:000312822700014 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Suzuki, S Hayashi, Y AF Manzello, Samuel L. Suzuki, Sayaka Hayashi, Yoshihiko TI Enabling the study of structure vulnerabilities to ignition from wind driven firebrand showers: A summary of experimental results SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE WUI Fires; Firebrands; Ignition ID FUEL BEDS; FIRES; PARTICLES; FLIGHT AB The NIST Firebrand Generator (NIST Dragon) is an experimental device that can generate a firebrand shower in a safe and repeatable fashion. BRI maintains one of the only full scale wind tunnel facilities in the world designed specifically for fire experimentation; the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF). The coupling of the NIST Firebrand Generator and BRI's FRWTF is leading to progress in assessing vulnerabilities of structures to a firebrand attack. A brief summary of key results to date using the NIST Dragon installed in the FRWTF are provided in this paper as well as a description of the new and improved NIST Dragon's LAIR (Lofting and Ignition Research) facility. The Dragon's LAIR is the only experimental facility capable of simulating continuous wind driven firebrand showers at bench scale. This paper marks the first occasion that all of these findings have been compiled to provide a complete story. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Suzuki, Sayaka] NIST, Engn Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayashi, Yoshihiko] Bldg Res Inst, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [IAA HSHQDC-10-X-00288]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Mr. Yu Yamamoto and Mr. Takefumi Yoneki of the Tokyo Fire Department (Guest Researchers at BRI) are acknowledged for their support of these experiments during SLM's stay in Japan in 2008. Dr. William 'Ruddy' Mell, Mr. Alexander Maranghides, Dr. Suel-Hyun Park, Mr. John R. Shields, and Dr. Jiann C. Yang of NIST are acknowledged for many helpful discussions during the course of the work. The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-10-X-00288 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 54 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.06.012 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 061BS UT WOS:000312822700018 ER PT J AU Zhao, HM Tong, DQ Lin, QX Lu, XG Wang, GP AF Zhao, Hongmei Tong, Daniel Q. Lin, Qianxin Lu, Xianguo Wang, Guoping TI Effect of fires on soil organic carbon pool and mineralization in a Northeastern China wetland SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Carbon cycling; Soil carbon; Wetland; Fire; Mineralization; Microbial biomass carbon ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SANJIANG PLAIN; SOUTH-AFRICA; PLANT ASH; NITROGEN; GRASSLAND; EMISSIONS; DYNAMICS; MATTER; FOREST AB Fire occurs frequently over wetland, but little is known of its impact on soil carbon variations and carbon mineralization, process that are potentially important in global carbon cycle. To investigate this issue, we have designed and implemented a two-year field campaign to quality the effects of fire seasonality and frequency on soil carbon abundance and carbon mineralization in a wetland of the Sanjiang Plain in Northeastern China. A total of 4 burning experiments were conducted over 12 wetland plots from autumn 2007 to spring 2009. Our results show that after burning soil organic carbon (OC) increased in the burned soils during the first two growing seasons. Fire effects on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), however, were more subtle. During the first post-burning growing season, the levels of DOC and MBC were higher than in the unburned soil. The increase however was temporary, and there was no significant difference between the burned and unburned soils in the second growing season. Carbon mineralization rate increased after burning, and CO2 emission rates were higher from burned soils than from unburned soils. Our findings suggest that burning increased CO2 emission to the atmosphere not only during the combustion process, but also through biogeochemical processes in an extended post-burning period. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Hongmei; Tong, Daniel Q.; Lin, Qianxin; Lu, Xianguo; Wang, Guoping] Chinese Acad Sci, NE Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. [Tong, Daniel Q.] US NOAA Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lin, Qianxin] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Wang, GP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, NE Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, 3195 Weishan Rd, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. EM zhaohongmei@neigae.ac.cn; daniel.tong@noaa.gov; comlin@lsu.edu; luxg@neigae.ac.cn; wangguoping@neigae.ac.cn RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB956100]; Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-EW-319]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40830535]; CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZZD-EW-TZ-07] FX The authors thank Dr. Beth Middleton of U.S. Geological Survey for constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, Yuxia Zhang, Haiyang Zhao, and Bokun Lou for conducting sample analyses, and Yang Wang for prescribed burning treatment. Assistance of the Sanjiang Mire Wetland Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences is also gratefully acknowledged. Financial support was provided by the National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2012CB956100), the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. KZCX2-EW-319), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 40830535). Research also supported by the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams (no. KZZD-EW-TZ-07). NR 49 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2012 VL 189 BP 532 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.013 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 047XX UT WOS:000311875900061 ER PT J AU Sparks, W Hough, JH Germer, TA Robb, F Kolokolova, L AF Sparks, William Hough, James H. Germer, Thomas A. Robb, Frank Kolokolova, Ludmilla TI Remote sensing of chiral signatures on Mars SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mars; Polarimetry; Homochirality ID CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; MICROBIAL BIOFILMS; SURVIVAL; LIFE AB We describe circular polarization as a remote sensing diagnostic of chiral signatures which may be applied to Mars. The remarkable phenomenon of homochirality provides a unique biosignature which can be amenable to remote sensing through circular polarization spectroscopy. The natural tendency of microbes to congregate in close knit communities would be beneficial for such a survey. Observations of selected areas of the Mars surface could reveal chiral signatures and hence explore the possibility of extant or preserved biological material. We describe a new instrumental technique that may enable observations of this form. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sparks, William] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hough, James H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Robb, Frank] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Sch Med, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Kolokolova, Ludmilla] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sparks, W (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM sparks@stsci.edu; j.h.hough@herts.ac.uk; thomas.germer@nist.gov; FRobb@som.umaryland.edu; ludmilla@astro.umd.edu OI Robb, Frank/0000-0001-5833-6496 FU US National Science Foundation [EAR 0747394, MCB 0605301]; STScI JWST Director's Discretionary Research Fund JDF Grant [D0101.90152]; Association for Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA [NAS5-26555] FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation through award nos. EAR 0747394 (FTR) and MCB 0605301 (FTR), and the STScI JWST Director's Discretionary Research Fund JDF Grant no. D0101.90152. STScI is operated by the Association for Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 72 IS 1 SI SI BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2012.08.010 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 058DZ UT WOS:000312615600012 ER PT J AU Alter, SE Rosenbaum, HC Postma, LD Whitridge, P Gaines, C Weber, D Egan, MG Lindsay, M Amato, G Dueck, L Brownell, RL Heide-Jorgensen, MP Laidre, KL Caccone, G Hancock, BL AF Alter, S. Elizabeth Rosenbaum, Howard C. Postma, Lianne D. Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G. Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Heide-Jorgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L. Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L. TI Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ancient DNA; arctic; cetacean; marine mammal; mitochondrial DNA; whaling ID CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO; NORTH-ATLANTIC; HUMPBACK WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS; CONTROL REGION; BALEEN WHALES; GRAY WHALES; DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL; HOLOCENE AB Sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. Bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout Arctic and subarctic seas for at least four centuries, resulting in severe reductions in most areas. Both changing ice conditions and reductions due to whaling may have affected geographic distribution and genetic diversity throughout their range, but little is known about range-wide genetic structure or whether it differed in the past. This study represents the first examination of genetic diversity and differentiation across all five putative stocks, including Baffin Bay-Davis Strait, Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin, Bering-Beaufort-Chukchi, Okhotsk, and Spitsbergen. We also utilized ancient specimens from Prince Regent Inlet (PRI) in the Canadian Arctic and compared them with modern stocks. Results from analysis of molecular variance and demographic simulations are consistent with recent and high gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific stocks in the recent past. Significant genetic differences between ancient and modern populations suggest PRI harbored unique maternal lineages in the past that have been recently lost, possibly due to loss of habitat during the Little Ice Age and/or whaling. Unexpectedly, samples from this location show a closer genetic relationship with modern Pacific stocks than Atlantic, supporting high gene flow between the central Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea over the past millennium despite extremely heavy ice cover over much of this period. C1 [Alter, S. Elizabeth] CUNY York Coll, Dept Biol, Jamaica, NY 11415 USA. [Alter, S. Elizabeth] CUNY Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Alter, S. Elizabeth; Rosenbaum, Howard C.; Gaines, Cork; Weber, Diana; Egan, Mary G.; Amato, George] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Rosenbaum, Howard C.] Ocean Giants Program, Global Conservat Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Postma, Lianne D.; Lindsay, Melissa; Dueck, Larry] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Whitridge, Peter] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Anthropol & Archaeol, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Heide-Jorgensen, Mads-Peter; Laidre, Kristin L.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Caccone, Gisella] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Hancock, Brittany L.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Alter, SE (reprint author), CUNY York Coll, Dept Biol, 94-20 Guy R Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, NY 11415 USA. EM ealter@york.cuny.edu; hrosenbaum@wcs.org RI Weber, Diana/O-1059-2016 OI Weber, Diana/0000-0002-6459-9695 FU NRDC; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland; Danish Cooperation for the Environment in the Arctic under the Danish Ministry of Environment; Department of Fisheries and Oceans; US National Marine Fisheries Service; North Slope Borough Wildlife Management Authority FX Ancient DNA and genetic data collection and analysis was funded by the US National Marine Fisheries Service and North Slope Borough Wildlife Management Authority in addition to several small awards to HCR. SEA was funded through a fellowship provided by NRDC. The sampling of whales in Greenland was funded by the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, the Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland, the Danish Cooperation for the Environment in the Arctic under the Danish Ministry of Environment and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 2 IS 11 BP 2895 EP 2911 DI 10.1002/ece3.397 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055XX UT WOS:000312452400022 ER PT J AU Harris, R Pollman, C Landing, W Evans, D Axelrad, D Hutchinson, D Morey, SL Rumbold, D Dukhovskoy, D Adams, DH Vijayaraghavan, K Holmes, C Atkinson, RD Myers, T Sunderland, E AF Harris, Reed Pollman, Curtis Landing, William Evans, David Axelrad, Donald Hutchinson, David Morey, Steven L. Rumbold, Darren Dukhovskoy, Dmitry Adams, Douglas H. Vijayaraghavan, Krish Holmes, Christopher Atkinson, R. Dwight Myers, Tom Sunderland, Elsie TI Mercury in the Gulf of Mexico: Sources to receptors SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Methylmercury; Bioaccumulation; Risk; Gulf of Mexico ID FISH CONSUMPTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; STABLE-ISOTOPE; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC TRANSFER; FLORIDA SHELF; LAVACA BAY; SEDIMENTS AB Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) fisheries account for 41% of the U.S. marine recreational fish catch and 16% of the nation's marine commercial fish landings. Mercury (Hg) concentrations are elevated in some fish species in the Gulf, including king mackerel, sharks, and tilefish. All five Gulf states have fish consumption advisories based on Hg. Per-capita fish consumption in the Gulf region is elevated compared to the U.S. national average, and recreational fishers in the region have a potential for greater MeHg exposure due to higher levels of fish consumption. Atmospheric wet Hg deposition is estimated to be higher in the Gulf region compared to most other areas in the U.S., but the largest source of Hg to the Gulf as a whole is the Atlantic Ocean (>90%) via large flows associated with the Loop Current. Redistribution of atmospheric, Atlantic and terrestrial Hg inputs to the Gulf occurs via large scale water circulation patterns, and further work is needed to refine estimates of the relative importance of these Hg sources in terms of contributing to fish Hg levels in different regions of the Gulf. Measurements are needed to better quantify external loads, in-situ concentrations, and fluxes of total Hg and methylmercury in the water column, sediments, and food web. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Harris, Reed; Hutchinson, David] Reed Harris Environm Ltd, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. [Pollman, Curtis] Aqua Lux Lucis Inc, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Landing, William] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Evans, David] NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Axelrad, Donald] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Morey, Steven L.; Dukhovskoy, Dmitry] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Rumbold, Darren] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Adams, Douglas H.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Vijayaraghavan, Krish] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA 94998 USA. [Holmes, Christopher] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Atkinson, R. Dwight] US EPA, Off Water 4503T, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Myers, Tom] ICF Int, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. [Sunderland, Elsie] Harvard Univ, Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Harris, R (reprint author), Reed Harris Environm Ltd, 180 Forestwood Dr, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. EM reed@reed-harris.com; cpollman@aqualuxlucis.org; David.W.Evans@noaa.gov; Don.Axelrad@dep.state.fl.us; morey@coaps.fsu.edu; drumbold@fgcu.edu; Doug.Adams@MyFWC.com; krish@environcorp.com; elsie_sunderland@harvard.edu RI Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014; OI Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548; Morey, Steven/0000-0002-6585-1688 FU NIH from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42 ES007373]; Florida Department of Environmental Protection FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. NOAA provided research data on Hg cycling in Mobile Bay and fish tissue concentrations of Hg in the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico Alliance has also been supporting Hg science in the Gulf of Mexico, needed to accomplish the long term goals of this study. Dr. Jane Caffrey (University of West Florida) and Nishanth Krishnamurthy (Florida State University) provided wet deposition data from the Pensacola Atmospheric Hg Study and Hg wet deposition data were obtained from the NADP/MDN network. Atmospheric modeling was supported, in part, by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Florida Electric Power Coordinating Group (FCG). This publication was made possible in part by NIH Grant number P42 ES007373 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NR 118 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 70 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 119 SI SI BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2012.08.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 054NV UT WOS:000312351400004 PM 23098613 ER PT J AU Marino, AM Clark, JB Glorieux, Q Lett, PD AF Marino, A. M. Clark, J. B. Glorieux, Q. Lett, P. D. TI Extracting spatial information from noise measurements of multi-spatial-mode quantum states SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID LIGHT AB We show that it is possible to use the spatial quantum correlations present in twin beams to extract information about the shape of a binary amplitude mask in the path of one of the beams. The scheme, based on noise measurements through homodyne detection, is useful in the regime where the number of photons is low enough that direct detection with a photodiode is difficult but high enough that photon counting is not an option. We find that under some conditions the use of quantum states of light leads to an enhancement of the sensitivity in the estimation of the shape of the mask over what can be achieved with a classical state with equivalent properties (mean photon flux and noise properties). In addition, we show that the level of enhancement that is obtained is a result of the quantum correlations and cannot be explained with only classical correlations. C1 [Marino, A. M.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marino, AM (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marino@ou.edu RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013; Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NSF (Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute) FX This work was supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the NSF (Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 EI 1434-6079 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD NOV PY 2012 VL 66 IS 11 AR 288 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2012-30037-1 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 055SY UT WOS:000312439000008 ER PT J AU Osin, D Gillaspy, JD Reader, J Ralchenko, Y AF Osin, D. Gillaspy, J. D. Reader, J. Ralchenko, Yu. TI EUV magnetic-dipole lines from highly-charged high-Z ions with an open 3d shell SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID CORRECTED CONCAVE GRATINGS; CU-LIKE; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RESONANCE LINES; ENERGY-LEVELS; GROUND-STATE; TRANSITIONS; TUNGSTEN; WAVELENGTHS; SPECTRA AB The electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used to produce highly-charged ions of hafnium, tantalum and gold with an open 3d shell. The extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectra from these ions were recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer in the wavelength range of 4.5 nm to 25 nm. A total of 133 new spectral lines, primarily due to magnetic-dipole transitions within the ground-state 3d(n) configurations of the Co-like to K-like ions, were identified by comparing energy-dependent experimental spectra with a detailed collisional-radiative modeling of the EBIT plasma. C1 [Osin, D.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Reader, J.; Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Osin, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Yuri.Ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX We are grateful to J.M. Pomeroy, J.N. Tan, and S. M. Brewer for assistance during the early experimental phase of this work, to U. I. Safronova for providing the energy levels of Ni-like ions from reference [39], and to Y.A. Podpaly for valuable comments. This work is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD NOV PY 2012 VL 66 IS 11 AR 286 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2012-30499-y PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 055SY UT WOS:000312439000006 ER PT J AU Gentile, C Griffith, D Souryal, M AF Gentile, Camillo Griffith, David Souryal, Michael TI Wireless Network Deployment in the Smart Grid: Design and Evaluation Issues SO IEEE NETWORK LA English DT Article DE Network security; Data visualization; Internet; Network mapping AB The projected use of the power grid for "smart" applications such as advanced metering and distributed automation will require highly reliable, secure, well designed and managed communication networks. While many of the benefits of wireless communications, such as untethered access to information, support for mobility, and reduced infrastructure, would be available to the grid, there are still a number of unanswered questions regarding network performance, suitability, and security. In this article, we introduce the communication requirements that have been established for these applications thus far. Throughout, we highlight the implications of wireless deployment as it relates specifically to the smart grid and we identify key issues that must be considered when evaluating a wireless technology against the communication requirements. C1 [Gentile, Camillo] NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Griffith, David] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0890-8044 J9 IEEE NETWORK JI IEEE Netw. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1109/MNET.2012.6375890 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 056BF UT WOS:000312461200009 ER PT J AU Apeti, DA Lauenstein, GG Evans, DW AF Apeti, D. A. Lauenstein, G. G. Evans, D. W. TI Recent status of total mercury and methyl mercury in the coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico using oysters and sediments from NOAA's mussel watch program SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Total mercury; Methyl mercury; Oysters; Sediment; Coastal waters; Gulf of Mexico ID UNITED-STATES; METHYLMERCURY; FISH; DENSITIES; USA AB The current status of mercury concentrations in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) were assessed using the Mussel Watch Program (MWP) contaminant monitoring data, which is based on the analysis of oyster tissue and sediment samples. In both matrices, tHg and Me Hg concentrations varied broadly. Significant concentration differences (p < 0.05) between the sub-regions of the eastern, central and western Gulf were observed with maximum concentrations (hotspots) found at specific sites all across the Gulf. Compared to the Food and Drug Administration's action level in seafood, maximum mercury values were low. Based on the long-term MWP data, tHg in tissues show fairly static temporal trends along the central and western Gulf coast, while strong decreasing trends were observed in the eastern Gulf. However, the presence of mercury hotspots indicates that mercury is still a concern in the GOM. The results complement existing information to further the understanding of mercury distributions in the GOM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Apeti, D. A.; Lauenstein, G. G.; Evans, D. W.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Apeti, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM Dennis.Apeti@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 64 IS 11 BP 2399 EP 2408 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.006 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 055LP UT WOS:000312418100028 PM 22938653 ER PT J AU Lopez, J Boyd, D Ylitalo, GM Littnan, C Pearce, R AF Lopez, Jessica Boyd, Daryle Ylitalo, Gina M. Littnan, Charles Pearce, Ronald TI Persistent organic pollutants in the endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from the main Hawaiian Islands SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; Persistent organic pollutants; Endangered species; Hawaii; Contaminants ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; HARBOR SEALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; GLOBAL TRANSPORT; FLAME RETARDANTS; PHOCA-VITULINA; ELEPHANT SEALS; GREY SEALS AB Little is known about levels or effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Hawaiian monk seals (HMS) from the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) subpopulation. This study examined concentrations of a large suite of POPs in blubber and serum of juvenile and adult HMS from the MHI. Adult females have the lowest blubber levels of most POPs, whereas adult males have highest levels. POPs in serum were significantly different in adult males compared with adult females for chlordanes and summed dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs). Lipid-normalized concentrations of chlordanes, DDTs, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mirex in paired blubber and serum samples were significantly correlated. Contaminant levels from the MHI were at similar or lower levels than those from remote Northwestern Hawaiian Island populations. Determining initial ranges of POPs is an important step towards assessing one of the many potential health threats to this critically endangered species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez, Jessica] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Lopez, Jessica] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Boyd, Daryle; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Pearce, Ronald] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Littnan, Charles] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Lopez, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, JBPHH, 1025 Quincy Ave,Ste 5010, Manoa, HI 96860 USA. EM Jessica.Lopez@noaa.gov; Daryle.Boyd@noaa.gov; Gina.Ylitalo@noaa.gov; Charles.Litnnan@noaa.gov; Ronald.W.Pearce@noaa.gov FU NOAA's PIFSC; NOAA's Nancy Foster Scholarship program FX The NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program staff provided samples and life history information. We especially thank Lizabeth Kashinsky and Angie Kaufman for assistance with samples; Tracy Wurth, and Thea Johanos for individual seal information; Chad Yoshinaga, Kenady Wilson, and Jason Baker, for field assistance. Thanks to Bernadita Anulacion, Jennie Bolton, Catherine Sloan, Karen Tilbury and their colleagues at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Assessment program for sample analysis and guidance. A special thank you to David Hyrenbach, Jason Baker, and Brenda Jensen for helping with manuscript edits. Funding was provided by NOAA's PIFSC and NOAA's Nancy Foster Scholarship program. All sample collection and research was conducted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act Scientific Research Permit Numbers 848-1335, 848-1695 and 10137 and safe handling and capture protocols of NOAA Fisheries. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 64 IS 11 BP 2588 EP 2598 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.012 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 055LP UT WOS:000312418100052 PM 22884537 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Sun, DL Yu, YY Goldberg, MD AF Zhang, Rui Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Mapping Nighttime Flood from MODIS Observations Using Support Vector Machines SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NOAA AVHRR DATA; LANDSAT IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; EXTENT; BANGLADESH; SAR; TM AB This work proposes a nighttime flood mapping method for Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Brightness temperatures at 3.9 mu m, and 11 mu m channels (BT 3.9, and BT 11, respectively) and differences of brightness temperatures between 3.9 Am and 4.0 mu m, and between 11 mu m and 12 mu m (BT 3.9-BT 4.0, and BT 11-BT 12, respectively) are used to identify nighttime water pixels by a support vector machines (SVM) classifier. Prominent flood locations are detected by a change detection process using a reference water-land map. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, two flood cases caused by heavy rains were chosen as trial scenarios. The nighttime mapping results are validated with the flood maps, which are obtained from the visual interpretation based on the daytime flood identification results. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective for the delineation of inundated areas with standing water during the nighttime. C1 [Zhang, Rui; Sun, Donglian] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rzhang5@gmu.edu RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NOAA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group FX The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments. This study was supported through the NOAA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1151 EP 1161 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 036VC UT WOS:000311059300006 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Lee, JH Chung, JY Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Lee, Jung-Hyun Chung, Jun Young Stafford, Christopher M. TI An automated spin-assisted approach for molecular layer-by-layer assembly of crosslinked polymer thin films SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE REVERSE-OSMOSIS; NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES; POLYAMIDE; HETEROGENEITY; NANOSCALE AB We present the design of an automated spin-coater that facilitates fabrication of polymer films based on molecular layer-by-layer (mLbL) assembly. Specifically, we demonstrate the synthesis of ultrathin crosslinked fully-aromatic polyamide (PA) films that are chemically identical to polymer membranes used in water desalination applications as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray reflectivity measurements indicate that the automated mLbL assembly creates films with a constant film growth rate and minimal roughness compared with the traditional interfacial polymerization of PA. This automated spin-coater improves the scalability and sample-to-sample consistency by reducing human involvement in the mLbL assembly. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4767289] C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Chung, Jun Young; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Mat Architecturing, Seoul, South Korea. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 83 IS 11 AR 114102 DI 10.1063/1.4767289 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 050DY UT WOS:000312034400032 PM 23206075 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Love, DC Kuester, EF Gordon, JA Hill, DA AF Holloway, Christopher L. Love, Derik C. Kuester, Edward F. Gordon, Joshua A. Hill, David A. TI Use of Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions to Model Guided Waves on Metasurfaces/Metafilms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Boundary conditions; complex modes; generalized sheet transition condition (GSTC); guided waves; metafilm; metamaterials; metasurface; polarizability density; surface susceptibility; surface waves ID TERAHERTZ METAMATERIALS; TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SURFACE-PLASMONS; INCIDENCE ANGLES; COMPLEX-MODES; REFLECTION; PARTICLES; METAFILMS; ABSORBER AB We use generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) to investigate the existence of guided waves (both surface waves and complex modes) on a metafilm: a surface distribution of electrically small scatterers characterized by electric and magnetic surface susceptibilities. In this paper, excitation of a metafilm by both electric and magnetic line currents is investigated. The characteristics of the guided waves for both these polarizations are expressed in terms of the surface susceptibilities, which are directly related to the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the scatterers composing the surface. We will show that the guided waves can have unique behaviors (not found in classical slab configurations) for judicious choices of the scatterers in the metafilm. For example, unlike a conventional dielectric slab, forward and backward surface waves as well as complex modes can be excited simultaneously on the metafilm, a direct consequence of engineering the properties of the constituent scatterers. Two different classes of modes (even and odd) are possible on the metasurface. The odd mode is analogous to the surface plasmon polariton seen on some metamaterials, and under certain conditions, the even mode is analogous to the classical dielectric slab surface wave. In order to validate the predictions presented here, we present numerical results for an electric-line source placed above a metafilm composed of spherical particles. We also show comparisons of propagation constants obtained from our model to other analytical results found in the literature. Finally, we show that the results from our formulation reduce to analytical results given in the literature for a thin dielectric layer. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Love, Derik C.; Gordon, Joshua A.; Hill, David A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 38 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 60 IS 11 BP 5173 EP 5186 DI 10.1109/TAP.2012.2207668 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 050CQ UT WOS:000312030600022 ER PT J AU Lau, JW Liu, XY AF Lau, June W. Liu, Xiaoyong TI Angular dependence of switching field distribution in (Co/Pd)(n) multilayer nanostructure arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CO/PD ISLANDS; ROTATION AB The characterization of switching field and its angular dependence has been tremendously useful in understanding the switching mechanisms in magnetic thin-films and patterned structures. However, the study of the distribution in switching fields (SFD) in arrays and its angular dependence is less common. In this work, we investigate this dependency in arrays of (Co/Pd)(n) multilayer nanostructures. Results from arrays with different element sizes and periodicities (pitches) are presented, and we found that, like the switching field, the SFD varies with applied field angle in a Stoner-Wohlfarth-like fashion. Furthermore, when the SFD is represented as a dependent variable of the switching field, we consistently found a linear relationship between the two, and that the slope depends on both array element size and pitch. In general, the SFD in arrays with the largest structures and the smallest pitch tends to have the strongest dependence on the switching field. For arrays with nanostructures of a fixed size, however, we found that SFD values are virtually identical, regardless of pitch, if the reversal field is applied near 45 degrees with respect to the surface normal. That the minimum SFD depends only on the size of the elements and not the pitch has significant implications for the practical design of densely-packed magnetic nanostructure arrays. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764338] C1 [Lau, June W.; Liu, Xiaoyong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lau, JW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM june.lau@nist.gov RI Lau, June/C-7509-2013 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 9 AR 093918 DI 10.1063/1.4764338 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 049FS UT WOS:000311968400082 ER PT J AU Perera, GM Wang, CQ Doxastakis, M Kline, RJ Wu, WL Bosse, AW Stein, GE AF Perera, Ginusha M. Wang, Chengqing Doxastakis, Manolis Kline, R. Joseph Wu, Wen-li Bosse, August W. Stein, Gila E. TI Directed Self-Assembly of Lamellar Copolymers: Effects of Interfacial Interactions on Domain Shape SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; SEGREGATION; ANGLE AB The depth-dependent structure of a poly(styrene-b-methylmethacrylate) (PS-PMMA) line grating (46 nm pitch) was calculated from quantitative analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering profiles. These data demonstrate that domain shapes are significantly deformed near the substrate interface, Where the local PS domain shape resembles an hourglass. The bulk equilibrium dimension is recovered near the center of a 64 nm thick film. Simulations. based on self consistent field theory suggest that deformations near the substrate are caused by extensive penetration of the copolymer domains into the underlying substrate coating (a PS-brush). These findings suggest that new coatings for block copolymer directed self-assembly should consider copolymer penetration lengths in addition to tailoring surface energetics Furthermore, given the resolution and 1 ensemble-averaging-features of synchrotron X-ray scattering, we argue that it has the potential to emerge as a "gold standard" or "benchmark" dimensional metrology and library validation tool for high density, sub-10 nm features. C1 [Perera, Ginusha M.; Doxastakis, Manolis; Stein, Gila E.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Wang, Chengqing; Kline, R. Joseph; Wu, Wen-li; Bosse, August W.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Doxastakis, M (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM edoxastakis@uh.edu; joe.kline@nist.gov; wen-li.wu@nist.gov; august.bosse@nist.gov; gestein@uh.edu RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Stein, Gila/P-1927-2016; OI Stein, Gila/0000-0002-3973-4496; Doxastakis, Manolis/0000-0002-9175-9906 FU National Science Foundation [EEC/ECCS-0927147, CBET 1067356]; UH GEAR Award [98520]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX G.E.S. and G.M.P. acknowledge financial support by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EEC/ECCS-0927147 and the UH GEAR Award No. 98520. M.D. acknowledges financial support by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET 1067356. C.W., A.W.B., R.J.K., and W.W. acknowledge the support of the members of the Energy and Electronics Materials Group and the Theory, Modeling, and Simulation Working Group, both in the Polymers Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This work made use of the NIST Material Measurement Laboratory central computing facilities in the Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science. Electron-beam patterning was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Joseph Strzalka for assistance with SAXS measurements and Mike Nikolaou for helpful discussions regarding numerical methods. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 1 IS 11 BP 1244 EP 1248 DI 10.1021/mz300331k PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 043DD UT WOS:000311522200005 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Snyder, CR Forster, AM Cicerone, MT Wu, WL AF Lee, Young Jong Snyder, Chad R. Forster, Aaron M. Cicerone, Marcus T. Wu, Wen-li TI Imaging the Molecular Structure of Polyethylene Blends with Broadband Coherent Raman Microscopy SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; POLYMER SPHERULITES; CRYSTALLIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; CRYSTALS AB Polyethylene (PE) has been widely used in a myriad of consumer products and critical infrastructure products such as underground gas and mater pipes. These products are often made of blends of multiple types of PE with different molecular architectures. Although the long-term performance of these products is largely dictated by their local molecular structure, it has been studied mostly by indirect and bulk averaging methods such as calorimetry and neutron scattering due to lack of chemical contrast for conventional imaging techniques. We demonstrate that broadband coherent anti Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy can acquire images of the chemical composition and molecular orientation of a miscible semicrystalline PE blend with two different molecular architectures. We discuss the detailed crystal structure observed at different length scales and new insights it provides into polymer crystal morphology. C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Snyder, Chad R.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yjlee@nist.gov; wen-li.wu@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 1 IS 11 BP 1347 EP 1351 DI 10.1021/mz300546e PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 043DD UT WOS:000311522200028 ER PT J AU Lewis, RJ Wang, YD Lin, MH Huber, ML Radebaugh, R Lee, YC AF Lewis, R. J. Wang, Y. -D. Lin, M. -H. Huber, M. L. Radebaugh, R. Lee, Y. C. TI Enthalpy change measurements of a mixed refrigerant in a microcryogenic cooler in steady and pulsating flow regimes SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Mixed refrigerant; Joule-Thomson; Microcryogenic cooler; Enthalpy measurement; Annular Row AB Microcryogenic coolers (MCCs) are useful to a number of small electronic devices which require low cooling power. The cooling power of microcryogenic coolers operating with mixed refrigerants in a Joule-Thomson (J-T) cycle can be calculated based on enthalpy change for the mixture, but it has been observed that cooling power depends on flow regime. This article demonstrates a method to measure the isothermal enthalpy change in a mixture undergoing J-T expansion in an MCC for different flow regimes. The enthalpy change for a mixture undergoing steady flow is an order of magnitude below that calculated, whereas the enthalpy change for the mixture undergoing pulsating flow agrees with the calculations below a certain temperature, and is over-predicted above that temperature. For steady flow, an analysis of component separation within the mixture due to annular flow shows good agreement with measured data, and for pulsating flow, the discrepancy is likely due to periods of liquid slug flow interrupted by periods of annular flow. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, R. J.; Wang, Y. -D.; Lin, M. -H.; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Micro Nano Transducers iMINT, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huber, M. L.; Radebaugh, R.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lewis, RJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Micro Nano Transducers iMINT, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjlewis@colorado.edu FU DARPA Microcryogenic Cooler Program [NBCHC060052, W31P4Q-10-1-0004] FX This work is supported by the DARPA Microcryogenic Cooler Program with Grant numbers NBCHC060052 and W31P4Q-10-1-0004. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV PY 2012 VL 52 IS 11 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.08.006 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 042LI UT WOS:000311472300004 ER PT J AU Prasad, K Pitts, WM Fernandez, M Yang, JC AF Prasad, Kuldeep Pitts, William M. Fernandez, Marco Yang, Jiann C. TI Natural and forced ventilation of buoyant gas released in a full-scale garage: Comparison of model predictions and experimental data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Full-scale garage experiment; Analytical model; Computational model AB An increase in the number of hydrogen-fueled applications in the marketplace will require a better understanding of the potential for fires and explosion associated with the unintended release of hydrogen within a structure. Predicting the temporally evolving hydrogen concentration in a structure, with unknown release rates, leak sizes and leak locations is a challenging task. A simple analytical model was developed to predict the natural and forced mixing and dispersion of a buoyant gas released in a partially enclosed compartment with vents at multiple levels. The model is based on determining the instantaneous compartment over-pressure that drives the flow through the vents and assumes that the helium released under the automobile mixes fully with the surrounding air. Model predictions were compared with data from a series of experiments conducted to measure the volume fraction of a buoyant gas (at 8 different locations) released under an automobile placed in the center of a full-scale garage (6.8 m x 5.4 m x 2.4 m). Helium was used as a surrogate gas, for safety concerns. The rate of helium released under an automobile was scaled to represent 5 kg of hydrogen released over 4 h. CFD simulations were also performed to confirm the observed physical phenomena. Analytical model predictions for helium volume fraction compared favorably with measured experimental data for natural and forced ventilation. Parametric studies are presented to understand the effect of release rates, vent size and location on the predicted volume fraction in the garage. Results demonstrate the applicability of the model to effectively and rapidly reduce the flammable concentration of hydrogen in a compartment through forced ventilation. Copyright (C) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Prasad, Kuldeep; Pitts, William M.; Fernandez, Marco; Yang, Jiann C.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuldeep.prasad@nist.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 IS 22 BP 17436 EP 17445 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.148 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 038QF UT WOS:000311188500077 ER PT J AU Pitts, WM Yang, JC Blais, M Joyce, A AF Pitts, William M. Yang, Jiann C. Blais, Matthew Joyce, Alexandra TI Dispersion and burning behavior of hydrogen released in a full-scale residential garage in the presence and absence of conventional automobiles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Accidental release; Automobile; Combustion; Hydrogen; Ignition; Residential garage AB Experiments are described in which hydrogen was released at the center of the floor of a real-scale enclosure having dimensions of a typical two-car residential garage. Real-time hydrogen concentrations were monitored at a number of locations. The hydrogen/air mixtures were ignited at pre-determined local volume fractions ranging from 8% to 29%. The combustion behavior and structural effects were monitored using combinations of high-speed pressure transducers and ionization gauges, standard thermocouples, hydrogen sensors, and digital, infrared, and high-speed video cameras. Experiments were performed both for empty garages and garages with conventional automobiles parked above the hydrogen release location. Copyright (C) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pitts, William M.; Yang, Jiann C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blais, Matthew; Joyce, Alexandra] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Pitts, WM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur DR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wpitts@nist.gov; jiann.yang@nist.gov; matthew.blais@swri.org; Alexandra.joyce@swri.org NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 IS 22 BP 17457 EP 17469 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.074 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 038QF UT WOS:000311188500079 ER PT J AU Leroux, RA Dutton, PH Abreu-Grobois, FA Lagueux, CJ Campbell, CL Delcroix, E Chevalier, J Horrocks, JA Hillis-Starr, Z Troeng, S Harrison, E Stapleton, S AF Leroux, Robin A. Dutton, Peter H. Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F. Lagueux, Cynthia J. Campbell, Cathi L. Delcroix, Eric Chevalier, Johan Horrocks, Julia A. Hillis-Starr, Zandy Troeng, Sebastian Harrison, Emma Stapleton, Seth TI Re-examination of Population Structure and Phylogeography of Hawksbill Turtles in the Wider Caribbean Using Longer mtDNA Sequences SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; Eretmochelys imbricata; management units; mitochondrial DNA; sea turtle; stock structure ID DETECTING GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; MARINE TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; CONTROL REGION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; STATISTICAL POWER; GREEN TURTLES; WEST-INDIES AB Management of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle in the Wider Caribbean (WC) has been hampered by knowledge gaps regarding stock structure. We carried out a comprehensive stock structure re-assessment of 11 WC hawksbill rookeries using longer mtDNA sequences, larger sample sizes (N = 647), and additional rookeries compared to previous surveys. Additional variation detected by 740bp sequences between populations allowed us to differentiate populations such as Barbados-Windward and Guadeloupe (F-st = 0.683, P < 0.05) that appeared genetically indistinguishable based on shorter 380bp sequences. POWSIM analysis showed that longer sequences improved power to detect population structure and that when N < 30, increasing the variation detected was as effective in increasing power as increasing sample size. Geographic patterns of genetic variation suggest a model of periodic long-distance colonization coupled with region-wide dispersal and subsequent secondary contact within the WC. Mismatch analysis results for individual clades suggest a general population expansion in the WC following a historic bottleneck about 100000300000 years ago. We estimated an effective female population size (N-ef) of 60009000 for the WC, similar to the current estimated numbers of breeding females, highlighting the importance of these regional rookeries to maintaining genetic diversity in hawksbills. Our results provide a basis for standardizing future work to 740bp sequence reads and establish a more complete baseline for determining stock boundaries in this migratory marine species. Finally, our findings illustrate the value of maintaining an archive of specimens for re-analysis as new markers become available. C1 [Leroux, Robin A.; Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Acad Mazatlan, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. [Lagueux, Cynthia J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bluefields, Raas, Nicaragua. [Campbell, Cathi L.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Gainesville, FL USA. [Chevalier, Johan] Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, Cite Guillard, Guadeloupe. [Hillis-Starr, Zandy] Natl Pk Serv, Buck Isl Reef Nm, VI USA. [Troeng, Sebastian] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Harrison, Emma] Sea Turtle Conservancy, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Stapleton, Seth] Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project, St Johns, Antigua, W Ind Assoc St. RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM Peter.Dutton@noaa.gov RI Abreu Grobois, Alberto/A-3560-2017 FU National Fish & Wildlife Foundation; National Geographic Society; National Marine Fisheries Service (Office of Protected Species); PADI Project Aware; Marine Conservation Society; SeaWorld/Busch Gardens Conservation Fund; United States Fish & Wildlife Service - Marine Turtle Conservation Act; National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding in Nicaragua was provided by the National Fish & Wildlife Foundation, National Geographic Society, National Marine Fisheries Service (Office of Protected Species), PADI Project Aware, the Marine Conservation Society, SeaWorld/Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, United States Fish & Wildlife Service - Marine Turtle Conservation Act, and an anonymous donor. Laboratory analysis was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 75 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 85 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 103 IS 6 BP 806 EP 820 DI 10.1093/jhered/ess055 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 048IC UT WOS:000311903600005 PM 23045611 ER PT J AU Bezgomonova, EI Abdulagatov, IM Stepanov, GV AF Bezgomonova, Elena I. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Stepanov, Gennadii V. TI Experimental study of the one-, two-, and three-phase isochoric heat capacities of n-hexane plus water mixtures near the lower critical line. Part II. Krichevskii parameter and thermodynamic and structural properties SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE Coexistence curve; Critical lines; Krichevskii parameter; n-hexane; Isochoric heat capacity; Isomorphism; Upper critical endpoint; Water ID PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID MIXTURES; VAPOR PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SOLVENTS CRITICAL-POINT; NEAR-CRITICAL MIXTURES; INFINITE-DILUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIQUID-VAPOR; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR AB Using the experimental isochoric heat capacity, vapor-pressure data for the pure solvent (n-hexane), and the critical properties data for n-hexane + water mixtures reported in the first part of this paper the value of the Krichevskii parameter was calculated. The thermodynamic ((V) over bar (infinity)(2),(H) over bar (infinity)(2),K-D(infinity),B-12) and structural (N-exc(infinity),C-12,H-12) properties of dilute n-hexane + water mixture near the critical point of pure solvent (n-hexane) were calculated using the Krichevskii parameter principle. The measured, in the first part of this paper. C-vx behavior and saturated density (T-S,rho(S)) data of the mixtures near the critical points have been analyzed and interpreted in terms of isomorphism of the critical phenomena in binary mixtures. Measured critical lines data for the mixtures together with vapor-pressure data for pure solvent (n-hexane) were used to accurately calculate the values of the characteristic parameters (K-1,K-2), temperatures (tau(1), tau(2)), and the characteristic density differences (Delta rho(1),Delta rho(2)). The derived values of the characteristic parameters were used to analyze the critical behavior of the strong (C-P,K-T) and weakly (C-V) singular properties in terms of the principle of isomorphism of critical phenomena in binary mixtures. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bezgomonova, Elena I.; Stepanov, Gennadii V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Thermophyscal Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov FU RFBR [10-08-00599-a] FX One of us, I.M. Abdulagatov, thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. This work was supported by the Grant RFBR (No. 10-08-00599-a). NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 175 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2012.08.005 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 042KJ UT WOS:000311469800003 ER PT J AU Bezgomonova, EI Abdulagatov, IM Stepanov, GV AF Bezgomonova, Elena I. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Stepanov, Gennadii V. TI Experimental study of the one-, two-, and three-phase isochoric heat capacities of n-hexane plus water mixtures near the lower critical line. Part I. Experimental results SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE Adiabatic calorimeter; Coexistence curve; Critical lines; n-hexane; Isochoric heat capacity; Upper critical endpoint; Water ID PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID MIXTURES; NEAR-CRITICAL MIXTURES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; CRITICAL-POINT; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; DILUTE MIXTURES; HIGH-PRESSURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS AB The one-, two-, and three-phase isochoric heat capacities (C-VX) of n-hexane + water mixtures near the lower critical line, including UCEP, have been measured with a high-temperature and high-pressure nearly constant-volume adiabatic calorimeter. The measurements were made in the temperature range from 443 K to 501 K for 8 liquid and vapor isochores from 121.07 kg m(-3) to 377.5 kg m(-3). The isochoric heat capacity jump (quasi-static thermograms supplemented by the sensor of adiabatic control) technique has been used to accurately measure the liquid-liquid-vapor (L-L-V) and liquid-vapor (L-V) phase transition parameters (T-S, rho(S)). The expanded uncertainty of the heat-capacity measurements at 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.06% for density (rho). 15 mK for temperature (T), and 2% to 3% for isochoric heat capacity (C-V). The liquid-gas critical temperatures,T-C(x), and the critical densities,rho(C)(x) (lower critical lines) for binary n-hexane + water mixtures were determined from the measured saturated properties (C-VS,T-S, rho(S)) near the critical point. The temperature, density, and the pressure at the UCEP (T-UCEP = 496.13 +/- 02 K, P-UCEP = 5.220 +/- 0.10 MPa, rho(UCEP) = 263.92 +/- 2 kg m(-3)) were extracted from the measured critical line and three-phase experimental data. For the first time we reported the temperature dependent behavior of C-VX near UCEP. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bezgomonova, Elena I.; Stepanov, Gennadii V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Thermophyscal Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov FU RFBR [10-08-00599-a] FX One of us, I.M. Abdulagatov, thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. This work was supported by Grant RFBR (No. 10-08-00599-a). NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 175 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2012.08.004 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 042KJ UT WOS:000311469800018 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, R Masiello, T Martin, M Nibler, JW Maki, A Weber, A Blake, TA AF Kirkpatrick, Robynne Masiello, Tony Martin, Matthew Nibler, Joseph W. Maki, Arthur Weber, Alfons Blake, Thomas A. TI High-resolution infrared studies of the nu(10), nu(11), nu(14), and nu(18) levels of [1.1.1]propellane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Propellane; High-resolution infrared spectrum; Rovibrational constants; Coriolis interactions; Ground state structure; DFT calculations; Anharmonic frequencies ID SYMMETRIC-TOP MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; PROPELLANES AB This paper is a continuation of earlier work in which the high resolution infrared spectrum of [1.1.1]propellane was measured and its k and l structure resolved for the first time. Here we present results from an analysis of more than 16000 transitions involving three fundamental bands nu(10) (E' - A'(1)), nu(11) (E' - A'(1)) nu(14) (A ''(2) A'(1)) and two difference bands (nu(10)-nu(18)) (E'-E '') and (nu(11) - nu(18)) (E' - E ''). Additional information about nu(18) was also obtained from the difference band (nu(15) + v18) - v18 (E' - E '') and the binary combination band (nu(15) + nu(18)) (E' - A'(1)). Through the use of the ground state constants reported in an earlier paper [11, rovibrational constants have been determined for all the vibrational states involved in these bands. The rovibrational parameters for the nu(18) (The rovibrational parameters for the nu(18) (E '') state were obtained from combination-differences and) state were obtained from combination-differences and showed no need to include interactions with other states. The nu(10) (E') state analysis was also straight-forward, with only a weak Coriolis interaction with the levels of the nu(14) (A) state. The latter levels are much more affected by a strong Coriolis interaction with the levels of the nearby nu(11) (E') state and also by a small but significant interaction with another state, presumably the nu(18) (E '') state, that is not directly observed. Gaussian calculations (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ) computed at the anharmonic level aided the analyses by providing initial values for many of the parameters. These theoretical results generally compare favorably with the final parameter values deduced from the spectral analyses. Finally, evidence was obtained for several level crossings between the rotational levels of the nu(11) and nu(14) states and, using a weak coupling term corresponding to a Delta k = 5, Delta/= -/+ 1 matrix element, it was possible to find transitions from the ground state that, combined with transitions to the same upper state, give a value of C-o = 0.1936515(4) cm(-1). This result, combined with the value of B-o = 0.28755833(14) cm(-1) reported earlier Ill, yields a value of 1.586277(3) A for the length of the novel axial CC bond in propellane. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kirkpatrick, Robynne; Martin, Matthew; Nibler, Joseph W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. [Masiello, Tony] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Weber, Alfons] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blake, Thomas A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. EM joseph.nibler@orst.edu FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX R. Kirkpatrick is grateful to Oregon State University for Milton Harris, Benedict, and Shoemaker Fellowships during the course of this PhD thesis work [14]. J. Nibler acknowledges the support of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation in the form of a Senior Scientist Mentor Award. The research described here was performed, in part, in EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. We thank Robert Sams for helpful advice and assistance in recording the infrared spectra of propellane in this facility, and Tim Hubler, also at PNNL, for his expert advice on synthesis techniques. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 281 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2012.09.001 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 046NH UT WOS:000311771200010 ER PT J AU Herrero, AM Bertness, KA AF Herrero, Andrew M. Bertness, Kris A. TI Optimization of surface pretreatment for single GaN nanowire devices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; OHMIC CONTACT; ADSORPTION AB The correlation of residual contamination with void formation at the contact/SiO2 interface for single GaN nanowire (NW) devices was investigated. The morphology of the metal/SiO2 interface was studied by removing annealed Ni/Au films from the SiO2 surface with carbon tape, mounting the films for scanning electron microscopy and imaging. Formation of voids at the metal/SiO2 interface, which can negatively affect device performance, was shown to occur during annealing of Ni/Au contacts to NWs on SiO2. It was discovered that residual contamination, both from the NW solution and from photolithographic processes on the NW-SiO2 surface prior to metal deposition, can cause significant increases in the number of voids observed at the metal/SiO2 interface. Various predeposition cleaning methods were investigated in order to minimize the amount of void formation associated with residual contamination. The degree of void formation at the metal/SiO2 interface is used to evaluate the effectiveness of each cleaning method. It was determined that the most effective cleaning method for removing residual contamination from the NW-SiO2 surface was an ultraviolet ozone treatment followed by a dilute HCl bath, immediately preceding contact deposition. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4754701] C1 [Herrero, Andrew M.; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Herrero, AM (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kris.bertness@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 AR 062201 DI 10.1116/1.4754701 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 045AV UT WOS:000311667300098 ER PT J AU Lee, V Dennis, RV Jaye, C Wang, X Fischer, DA Cartwright, AN Banerjee, S AF Lee, Vincent Dennis, Robert V. Jaye, Cherno Wang, Xi Fischer, Daniel A. Cartwright, Alexander N. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI In situ near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy investigation of the thermal defunctionalization of graphene oxide SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE OXIDE; INNER-SHELL; REDUCTION; SPECTRA; FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION; STATES AB In situ near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is used in conjunction with measurements of sheet resistance to examine the electronic structure recovery of graphene oxide upon thermal annealing. Several different defunctionalization regimes are identified with the initial removal of basal plane epoxide and hydroxyl functionalities and subsequent elimination of carboxylic acid moieties. The measured electrical conductivity is closely correlated to recovery of the conjugated pi structure. A pronounced broadening of the C K-edge pi* resonance is observed upon annealing and is ascribed to the superposition of the NEXAFS signatures of sp(2)-hybridized domains of varying dimensionality. Such incipient conjugated domains generated upon thermal defunctionalization mediate variable range hopping transport and further lead to an increase in the electrical conductance. Finally, both C K-edge and C K-edge spectra suggest that ring ether functionalities such as pyrans or furans and/or 1,2- and 1,4-quinones are stabilized at higher temperatures. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4766325] C1 [Lee, Vincent; Dennis, Robert V.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Xi; Cartwright, Alexander N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Lee, V (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0847169]; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation under DMR 0847169 and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 45 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 AR 061206 DI 10.1116/1.4766325 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 045AV UT WOS:000311667300090 ER PT J AU Saba, VS Stock, CA Spotila, JR Paladino, FV Tomillo, PS AF Saba, Vincent S. Stock, Charles A. Spotila, James R. Paladino, Frank V. Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian TI Projected response of an endangered marine turtle population to climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES; EL-NINO; SEA-TURTLES; MITIGATE; IMPACTS; RATIOS; OCEAN; FACE AB Assessing the potential impacts of climate Change on individual species and populations is essential for the stewardship of ecosystems and biodiversity. Critically endangered leatherback turtles in the eastern Pacific Ocean are excellent candidates for such an assessment because their sensitivity to contemporary climate variability has been substantially studied(1-4). If incidental fisheries mortality is eliminated, this population still faces the challenge of recovery in a rapidly changing climate. Here we combined an Earth system model(5), climate model projections assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(6) and a population dynamics model to estimate a 7% per decade decline in the Costa Rica nesting population over the twenty-first century. Whereas changes in ocean conditions had a small effect on the population, the similar to 25 degrees C warming of the nesting beach was the primary driver of the decline through reduced hatching success and hatchling emergence rate. Hatch ling sex ratio did not substantially change. Adjusting nesting phenology or changing nesting sites may not entirely prevent the decline; but could offset the decline rate. However, if future observations show a long-term decline in hatching success and emergence rate, anthropogenic climate mitigation of nests (for example, shading, irrigation)(7,8) may be able to preserve the nesting population. C1 [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Saba, Vincent S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Spotila, James R.; Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian] Leatherback Trust, Goldring Gund Marine Biol Stn, Playa Grande, Costa Rica. RP Saba, VS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Vincent.Saba@noaa.gov RI Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/N-5406-2014; OI Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/0000-0002-6895-7218; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Science; Earthwatch Institute; Betz Chair Endowment of Drexel University; Leatherback Trust FX Financial support was provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, Earthwatch Institute, The Betz Chair Endowment of Drexel University and The Leatherback Trust. We thank R. Piedra, C. Padilla and M. Boza for their support to leatherback conservation in Costa Rica. We thank R. Rykaczewski, R. Stouffer and J. Dunne for reviewing previous versions of this manuscript. We thank J. Dunne and J. John for providing the GFDL-ESM 2.1 simulations used in this study and we thank G. Vecchi and A. Wittenberg for analytical advice. We acknowledge the modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. The NCEP reanalysis air temperature data and GPCP precipitation data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site (www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd). NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 149 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 2 IS 11 BP 814 EP 820 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1582 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 044AD UT WOS:000311590900017 ER PT J AU Maneesha, K Murty, VSN Ravichandran, M Lee, T Yu, WD McPhaden, MJ AF Maneesha, K. Murty, V. S. N. Ravichandran, M. Lee, T. Yu, Weidong McPhaden, M. J. TI Upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal during the tropical cyclones Nargis and Laila SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID INDIAN-OCEAN; HURRICANE; INTENSITY; MONSOON; EDDY AB Upper ocean variability at different stages in the evolution of the tropical cyclones Nargis and Laila is evaluated over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during May 2008 and May 2010 respectively. Nargis initially developed on 24 April 2008; intensified twice on 27-28 April and 1 May, and eventually made landfall at Myanmar on 2 May 2008. Laila developed over the western BoB in May 2010 and moved westward towards the east coast of India. Data from the Argo Profiling floats, the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and prediction (RAMA), and various satellite products are analyzed to evaluate upper ocean variability due to Nargis and Laila. The analysis reveals pre-conditioning of the central BoB prior to Nargis with warm (>30 degrees C) Sea Surface Temperature (SST), low (<33 psu) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and shallow (<30 m) mixed layer depths during March-April 2008. Enhanced ocean response to the right of the storm track due to Nargis includes a large SST drop by similar to 1.76 degrees C, SSS increase up to 0.74 psu, mixed layer deepening of 32 m, shoaling of the 26 degrees C isotherm by 36 m and high net heat loss at the sea surface. During Nargis, strong inertial currents (up to 0.9 ms(-1)) were generated to the right of storm track as measured at a RAMA buoy located at 15 degrees N, 90 degrees E, producing strong turbulent mixing that lead to the deepening of mixed layer. This mixing facilitated entrainment of cold waters from as deep as 75 m and, together with net heat loss at sea surface and cyclone-induced subsurface upwelling, contributed to the observed SST cooling in the wake of the storm. A similar upper ocean response occurs during Laila. though it was a significantly weaker storm than Nargis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maneesha, K.; Murty, V. S. N.] CSIR, Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Visakhapatnam 530017, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Lee, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yu, Weidong] SOA, Inst Oceanog 1, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Interact & Climate Change, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Maneesha, K (reprint author), CSIR, Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM kkpalli_manisha@yahoo.com RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 FU Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR); NASA Physical Oceanography Program FX The authors are thankful to the Director, NIO for his encouragement in the collaborative research with INCOIS, Hyderabad, PMEL, USA, JPL, USA and FIO, China through IOGOOS partnership. The lead author is thankful to the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) for funding support with Senior Research Fellowship. These data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. ODV software has been used to construct Argo temperature and salinity sections.; This has the NIO contribution No. 5200, INCOIS contribution No. 119 and the PMEL contribution No. 3622. The research is partially supported by NASA Physical Oceanography Program. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 106 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.06.006 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 044ZO UT WOS:000311663900004 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Field, JC Schroeder, ID Sakuma, KM Wells, BK Sydeman, WJ AF Santora, Jarrod A. Field, John C. Schroeder, Isaac D. Sakuma, Keith M. Wells, Brian K. Sydeman, William J. TI Spatial ecology of krill, micronekton and top predators in the central California Current: Implications for defining ecologically important areas SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID TURTLES DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISH; COASTAL UPWELLING SYSTEM; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MONTEREY BAY; LA-NINA; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS AB Marine spatial planning and ecosystem models that aim to predict and protect fisheries and wildlife benefit greatly from syntheses of empirical information on physical and biological partitioning of marine ecosystems. Here, we develop spatially-explicit oceanographic and ecological descriptions of the central California Current region. To partition this region, we integrate data from 20 years of shipboard surveys with satellite remote-sensing to characterize local seascapes of ecological significance, focusing on krill, other micronekton taxa, and top predators (seabirds and marine mammals). Specifically, we investigate if micronekton and predator assemblages co-vary spatially with mesoscale oceanographic conditions. The first principal component of environmental and micronekton seascapes indicates significant coupling between physics, primary productivity, and secondary and tertiary marine consumers. Subsequent principal components indicate latitudinal variability in niche-community space due to varying habitat characteristics between Monterey Bay (deep submarine canyon system) and the Gulf of the Farallones (extensive continental shelf), even though both of these sub-regions are located downstream from upwelling centers. Overall, we identified five ecologically important areas based on spatial integration of environmental and biotic features. These areas, characterized by proximity to upwelling centers, shallow pycnoclines, and high chlorophyll-a and krill concentrations, are potential areas of elevated trophic focusing for specific epipelagic and mesopelagic communities. This synthesis will benefit ecosystem-based management approaches for the central California Current, a region long-impacted by anthropogenic factors. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Field, John C.; Sakuma, Keith M.; Wells, Brian K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com FU California Ocean Protection Council; California Sea Grant [OPC-ENV-07]; NASA [NNX09AU39G]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Resources Legacy Fund Foundation of the Packard Foundation; Moore Family Foundation FX We thank the past and current members of the Groundfish Analysis Team at the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz Laboratory, especially S. Ralston, K. Baltz, for overseeing and conducting the survey, B. Marinovic for providing species counts of euphausiids, and the dedicated support of many seabird and mammal observers. Special thanks to D. Foley for guidance on remote-sensing and V.J. Loeb for valuable discussion and editorial assistance. We appreciate the feedback from three anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was provided by grants from the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea Grant (OPC-ENV-07) and NASA (project NNX09AU39G). Funding for seabird and marine mammal surveys over the years was provided by National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the Resources Legacy Fund Foundation of the Packard Foundation, and Moore Family Foundation. NR 98 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 104 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 106 BP 154 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.08.005 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 044ZO UT WOS:000311663900010 ER PT J AU Holmberg, DG Ghatikar, G Koch, EL Boch, J AF Holmberg, David G. Ghatikar, Girish Koch, Edward L. Boch, Jim TI OpenADR Advances SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Holmberg, David G.] NIST, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ghatikar, Girish] US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Boch, Jim] IPKeys Technol, Stafford, VA USA. RP Holmberg, DG (reprint author), NIST, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 54 IS 11 BP B16 EP B19 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 039TE UT WOS:000311268600015 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Buckel, JA Paramore, LM AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Paramore, Lee M. TI Density-dependent habitat use and growth of an estuarine fish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE RED DRUM; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; MARINE FISH; PARALICHTHYS LETHOSTIGMA; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION REGULATION AB Density dependence can stabilize or destabilize population size through negative or positive feedback controls operating over different spatial and temporal scales. While many species have been shown to exhibit density dependence, the topic has received little attention in estuaries where environmental variability and larval supply are often considered to be the primary drivers of population dynamics. We used multiple long-term, fishery-independent data sets and a unique modeling approach to test the hypothesis that juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) exhibit density-dependent habitat use and growth rates in estuaries in North Carolina, USA. Age-1 red drum exhibited density-dependent habitat use after accounting for environmental and landscape variables, disproportionately increasing northward and coastward in the study area at high abundance. Apparent individual growth rates of age-0 and age-1 red drum were generally negatively related to the abundance of their own age classes, but evidence of density-dependent growth rates for age-2 red drum was weak to nonexistent. Changes in spatial distribution of red drum when overall abundance was high did not overcome density-dependent effects on individual growth rates. Thus, density-dependent effects have potential negative feedbacks on population growth in estuaries and should not be ignored in future theoretical or empirical estuarine studies. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Paramore, Lee M.] Manteo Field Off, N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov FU state of North Carolina; North Carolina Sea Grant [R/MRD-52, R/MRD-57]; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act; Marine Fisheries Initiative FX We thank NCDMF biologists, recreational and commercial fishers, and C. Etheridge for making this work possible. This work benefited greatly from the comments and help of V. Bartolino, L. Ciannelli, J. Cowan, K. Craig, P. Marraro, P. Rudershausen, J. W. White, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding for fishery-independent surveys was provided by the state of North Carolina, the Marine Fisheries Initiative, North Carolina Sea Grant (R/MRD-52 and R/MRD-57), and the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 31 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1734 EP 1747 DI 10.1139/F2012-098 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038YK UT WOS:000311209800003 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Pess, GR Anlauf-Dunn, K Jordan, CE AF Ward, Eric J. Pess, George R. Anlauf-Dunn, Kara Jordan, Chris E. TI Applying time series models with spatial correlation to identify the scale of variation in habitat metrics related to threatened coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Pacific Northwest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS; COASTAL STREAMS; LAND-USE; RIVER; VARIABILITY; OREGON; AUTOCORRELATION; ASSESSMENTS; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA AB Trend analyses are common in the analysis of fisheries data, yet the majority of them ignore either observation error or spatial correlation. In this analysis, we applied a novel hierarchical Bayesian state-space time series model with spatial correlation to a 12-year data set of habitat variables related to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in coastal Oregon, USA. This model allowed us to estimate the degree of spatial correlation separately for each habitat variable and the importance of observation error relative to environmental stochasticity. This framework allows us to identify variables that would benefit from additional sampling and variables where sampling could be reduced. Of the eight variables included in our analysis, we found three metrics related to habitat quality correlated at large spatial scales (gradient, fine sediment, shade cover). Variables with higher observation error (pools, active channel width, fine sediment) could be made more precise with more repeat visits. Our spatio-temporal model is flexible and extendable to virtually any spatially explicit monitoring data set, even with large amounts of missing data and no repeated observations. Potential extensions include fisheries catch data, abiotic indicators, invasive species, or species of conservation concern. C1 [Ward, Eric J.; Pess, George R.; Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anlauf-Dunn, Kara] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 29 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1773 EP 1782 DI 10.1139/f2012-096 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038YK UT WOS:000311209800006 ER PT J AU Korman, J Martell, SJD Walters, CJ Makinster, AS Coggins, LG Yard, MD Persons, WR AF Korman, Josh Martell, Steven J. D. Walters, Carl J. Makinster, Andrew S. Coggins, Lewis G. Yard, Michael D. Persons, William R. TI Estimating recruitment dynamics and movement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using an integrated assessment model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE REGULATED RIVER; STOCK ASSESSMENT; HABITAT USE; AGE MODELS; FISH; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; ARIZONA; SIZE; FLOW AB We used an integrated assessment model to examine effects of flow from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, USA, on recruitment of nonnative rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River and to estimate downstream migration from Glen Canyon to Marble Canyon, a reach used by endangered native fish. Over a 20-year period, recruitment of rainbow trout in Glen Canyon increased with the annual flow volume and when hourly flow variation was reduced and after two of three controlled floods. The model predicted that approximately 16 000 trout . year(-1) emigrated to Marble Canyon and that the majority of trout in this reach originate from Glen Canyon. For most models that were examined, over 70% of the variation in emigration rates was explained by variation in recruitment in Glen Canyon, suggesting that flow from the dam controls in large part the extent of potential negative interactions between rainbow trout and native fish. Controlled floods and steadier flows, which were originally aimed at partially restoring conditions before the dam (greater native fish abundance and larger sand bars), appear to have been more beneficial to nonnative rainbow trout than to native fish. C1 [Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. [Martell, Steven J. D.; Walters, Carl J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Makinster, Andrew S.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Yard, Michael D.; Persons, William R.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Korman, J (reprint author), Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. EM jkorman@ecometric.com FU US Geological Survey through the Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey through the Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC). Numerous Arizona Game and Fish Department personnel and boatmen helped collect the data analyzed in this study, for which we thank them. We also thank Carol Fritzinger, GCMRC Logistics Program Manager, for coordinating trip schedules and equipment. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank four anonymous reviewers and Terrance Quinn II for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1827 EP 1849 DI 10.1139/F2012-097 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038YK UT WOS:000311209800011 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH DeMartini, EE Brodziak, J Nichols, RS Humphreys, RL AF Andrews, Allen H. DeMartini, Edward E. Brodziak, Jon Nichols, Ryan S. Humphreys, Robert L. TI A long-lived life history for a tropical, deepwater snapper (Pristipomoides filamentosus): bomb radiocarbon and lead-radium dating as extensions of daily increment analyses in otoliths SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; HAWAIIAN SNAPPER; FISH OTOLITHS; MAHE PLATEAU; PACIFIC; GROWTH; AGE; VALIDATION; RN-222; SEYCHELLES AB Growth characteristics of Pristipomoides filamentosus, a deepwater eteline snapper of major economic importance, are incomplete and inconsistent across its geographical range. Early growth rates have been validated using daily increment and length-frequency analyses, but historical estimates of adult growth rates are variable and longevity is unknown. Studies of P. filamentosus in the Hawaiian Islands have cautioned against unjustified estimates of longevity, but 18 years has at times been uncritically assumed as the maximum age. The present study addresses these age, growth, and longevity issues using lead-radium and bomb radiocarbon dating by providing valid age estimates for adult P. filamentosus. Valid length-at-age estimates ranged from approximately 10 years to more than 40 years. These data, together with robust daily increment data, were used to model a fully validated, long-lived life history for P. filamentosus. This study adds to the few existing studies supporting a view that many tropical fishes, particularly deepwater species, can be longer lived than previously surmised. C1 [Andrews, Allen H.; DeMartini, Edward E.; Nichols, Ryan S.; Humphreys, Robert L.] NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Fish Biol & Stock Assessment Branch, Life Hist Program, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Brodziak, Jon] NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Fish Biol & Stock Assessment Branch, Stock Assessment Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Fish Biol & Stock Assessment Branch, Life Hist Program, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU Moss Landing Marine Laboratories FX We thank C. Lundstrom for radium assays, H. Hawk for assistance with sample processing, and Q. Hua for providing digitized Delta14C data from Konishi et al. (1981). Initial project stages were supported by Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. We thank K. Underkoffler and S. Newman for otolith sectioning and interpretation. Archived otolith collections were made in part by J. Uchiyama, C. Kelley, and S. Ralston. Thanks go to S. Ralston, G. Pilling, and G. Fry for providing insight and length-at-age estimate data and to K. Lowe, D. Kobayashi, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. NR 65 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1850 EP 1869 DI 10.1139/f2012-109 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038YK UT WOS:000311209800012 ER PT J AU Diamond, HJ Lorrey, AM Knapp, KR Levinson, DH AF Diamond, H. J. Lorrey, A. M. Knapp, K. R. Levinson, D. H. TI Development of an enhanced tropical cyclone tracks database for the southwest Pacific from 1840 to 2010 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; best tracks; data rescue; southwest Pacific; IBTrACS; visualisation tools; GoogleEarth (R) ID ARCHIVE AB The ecosystems and economies of small island nation states and territories of the tropical southwest Pacific region are widely agreed to be among the most vulnerable to climate variability and weather extremes anywhere in the world. Tropical Cyclones (TCs) are capable of exacerbating existing hazards and those made more severe by climate change (e.g. local sea level rise). In order to properly understand TC impacts in this region, a comprehensive database of TC tracks is required. This work has collated TC best track data from forecast centres around the globe with the aim of producing a unified global best TC track dataset for the historical period. Data from the International Best Tracks for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project information for the southwest Pacific (135 degrees E120 degrees W, 5 degrees 25 degrees S) is built upon and included in this effort. We document the construction of an enhanced TC database for the southwest Pacific, the quality controls needed to construct the database, and discuss how it has enhanced the chronology of region-wide historical TC activity in light of newly discovered data. We suggest this enhanced dataset can be used in forthcoming climate and weather studies to better characterize the climatology and behaviour of TCs in the southwest Pacific. Copyright (c) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Diamond, H. J.] NOAA, NCDC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lorrey, A. M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Auckland, New Zealand. [Knapp, K. R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Levinson, D. H.] US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. RP Diamond, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1202, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM howard.diamond@noaa.gov RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; OI Diamond, Howard/0000-0001-5026-0167 FU Foundation for Research Science and Technology [CO1X0701] FX The authors would like to recognize Professor Scott Shipley from George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, USA, in association with Mr Ernest Daddio from Riverside Technology, Inc. Dr Shipley is a leading GIS expert who assisted in the development of the necessary ArcGIS (R) techniques (and coding) necessary to digitize all the paper TC tracking maps that formed the basis for this paper. Dr Lorrey's work on this paper was partially supported by the Foundation for Research Science and Technology contract CO1X0701, 'Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change'. In addition, we would like to thank Mr Craig Stanton at NIWA Auckland for his assistance with formatting data into GoogleEarth (R) for input to the GrIT process; Ms Petra Chappel at Auckland University for her assistance in analysing data via the GrIT process; and Mr Michael Klatt at the University of Oklahoma who assisted in the initial database formatting of the digitized tracks that were used as input into the GrIT process. We are also thankful to Dr Jim Potemra and Ms Sharon DeCarlo of the Asia Pacific Data Research Center at the University of Hawaii for assisting in hosting the research web page noted in the paper. Finally, we are indebted to and would like to thank the directors and staff of the regional Meteorological Services in Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Tonga, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu for assisting us by sharing their paper-based TC maps that were critical to ensuring that the SPEArTC database had as much source information as possible in its construction. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 32 IS 14 BP 2240 EP 2250 DI 10.1002/joc.2412 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035XG UT WOS:000310985800011 ER PT J AU Newman, M Kiladis, GN Weickmann, KM Ralph, FM Sardeshmukh, PD AF Newman, Matthew Kiladis, George N. Weickmann, Klaus M. Ralph, F. Martin Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Relative Contributions of Synoptic and Low-Frequency Eddies to Time-Mean Atmospheric Moisture Transport, Including the Role of Atmospheric Rivers SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; GLOBAL WATER CYCLE; LOW-LEVEL JET; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; ENERGY BUDGETS; SURFACE-WATER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; NASA/DAO REANALYSES; TROPICAL MOISTURE AB The relative contributions to mean global atmospheric moisture transport by both the time-mean circulation and by synoptic and low-frequency (periods greater than 10 days) anomalies are evaluated from the vertically integrated atmospheric moisture budget based on 40 yr of "chi corrected" NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data. In the extratropics, while the time-mean circulation primarily moves moisture zonally within ocean basins, low-frequency and synoptic anomalies drive much of the mean moisture transport both from ocean to land and toward the poles. In particular, during the cool-season low-frequency variability is the largest contributor to mean moisture transport into southwestern North America, Europe, and Australia. While some low-frequency transport originates in low latitudes, much is of extratropical origin due to large-scale atmospheric anomalies that extract moisture from the northeast Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Low-frequency variability is also integral to the Arctic (latitudes >70 degrees N) mean moisture budget, especially during summer, when it drives mean poleward transport from relatively wet high-latitude continental regions. Synoptic variability drives about half of the mean poleward moisture transport in the midlatitudes of both hemispheres, consistent with simple "lateral mixing" arguments. Extratropical atmospheric transport is also particularly focused within "atmospheric rivers" (ARs), relatively narrow poleward-moving moisture plumes associated with frontal dynamics. AR moisture transport, defined by compositing fluxes over those locations and times where column-integrated water vapor and poleward low-level wind anomalies are both positive, represents most of the total extratropical meridional moisture transport. These results suggest that understanding potential anthropogenic changes in the earth's hydrological cycle may require understanding corresponding changes in atmospheric variability, especially on low-frequency time scales. C1 [Newman, Matthew; Weickmann, Klaus M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diag Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Newman, Matthew; Kiladis, George N.; Weickmann, Klaus M.; Ralph, F. Martin; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Newman, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diag Ctr, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matt.newman@noaa.gov RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312 NR 77 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 21 BP 7341 EP 7361 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00665.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036BZ UT WOS:000311002700003 ER PT J AU DiNezio, PN Kirtman, BP Clement, AC Lee, SK Vecchi, GA Wittenberg, A AF DiNezio, Pedro N. Kirtman, Ben P. Clement, Amy C. Lee, Sang-Ki Vecchi, Gabriel A. Wittenberg, Andrew TI Mean Climate Controls on the Simulated Response of ENSO to Increasing Greenhouse Gases SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC DYNAMICAL MODEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERE OCEAN MODEL; EL-NINO; COUPLED MODEL; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; CMIP3 MODELS; PART II; ASYMMETRY; VARIABILITY AB Climate model experiments are analyzed to elucidate if and how the changes in mean climate in response to doubling of atmospheric CO2 (2xCO(2)) influence ENSO. The processes involved the development, transition, and decay of simulated ENSO events are quantified through a multimodel heat budget analysis. The simulated changes in ENSO amplitude in response to 2xCO(2) are directly related to changes in the anomalous ocean heat flux convergence during the development, transition, and decay of ENSO events. The weakening of the Walker circulation and the increased thermal stratification, both robust features of the mean climate response to 2xCO(2), play opposing roles in ENSO-mean climate interactions. Weaker upwelling in response to a weaker Walker circulation drives a reduction in thermocline-driven ocean heat flux convergence (i.e., thermocline feedback) and, thus, reduces the ENSO amplitude. Conversely, a stronger zonal subsurface temperature gradient, associated with the increased thermal stratification. drives an increase in zonal-current-induced ocean heat flux convergence (i.e., zonal advection feedback) and, thus, increases the ENSO amplitude. These opposing processes explain the lack of model agreement in whether ENSO is going to weaken or strengthen in response to increasing greenhouse gases, but also why ENSO appears to be relatively insensitive to 2xCO(2) in most models. C1 [DiNezio, Pedro N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kirtman, Ben P.; Clement, Amy C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Wittenberg, Andrew] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP DiNezio, PN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM pdn@hawaii.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Joint Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]; DOE [DESC0004897]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310204] FX We acknowledge the international modeling groups participating in CMIP3 for providing their data for analysis and the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the IPCC Data Archive at IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for archiving the data. PCMDI and the IPCC Data Archive at LLNL are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Joint Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320143. PDN and AC were funded by DOE Grant DESC0004897 and NOAA Grant NA10OAR4310204 during this study. NR 55 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 21 BP 7399 EP 7420 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00494.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036BZ UT WOS:000311002700006 ER PT J AU Baughman, E Gnanadesikan, A Degaetano, A Adcroft, A AF Baughman, E. Gnanadesikan, A. Degaetano, A. Adcroft, A. TI Investigation of the Surface and Circulation Impacts of Cloud-Brightening Geoengineering SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE GENESIS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; LEVEL MARITIME CLOUDS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; ALBEDO-ENHANCEMENT; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION AB Projected increases in greenhouse gases have prompted serious discussion on geoengineering the climate system to counteract global climate change. Cloud albedo enhancement has been proposed as a feasible geoengineering approach, but previous research suggests undesirable consequences of globally uniform cloud brightening. The present study uses GFDL's Climate Model version 2G (CM2G) global coupled model to simulate cloud albedo enhancement via increases in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) to 1000 cm(-3) targeted at the marine stratus deck of the Pacific Ocean, where persistent low clouds suggest a regional approach to cloud brightening. The impact of this regional geoengineering on global circulation and climate in the presence of a 1% annual increase of CO2 was investigated. Surface temperatures returned to near pre-industrial levels over much of the globe with cloud modifications in place. In the first 40 years and over the 140-yr mean, significant cooling over the equatorial Pacific, continued Arctic warming, large precipitation changes over the western Pacific, and a westward compression and intensification of the Walker circulation were observed in response to cloud brightening. The cloud brightening caused a persistent La Nina condition associated with an increase in hurricane maximum potential intensity and genesis potential index, and decreased vertical wind shear between July and November in the tropical Atlantic, South China Sea, and to the east of Japan. Responses were similar with CCN = 500 cm(-3). C1 [Baughman, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gnanadesikan, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Degaetano, A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Adcroft, A.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Baughman, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 408 ATG Bldg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM eowynb@atmos.washington.edu RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 FU NOAA Ernest F. Hollings scholarship program FX I am heartily grateful to my research advisers, Anand Gnanadesikan and Art DeGaetano, each of whom provided invaluable support throughout the course of this research. I thank Bonnie L. Samuels for critical help, Steve Colluci, and other members of the Cornell EAS faculty for nominating this work for the AMS Father James B. Macelwane Award, and the AMS Fellowship Committee for bestowing the award. Thank you to the anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the overall science of this endeavor. I would like to acknowledge the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings scholarship program, which provided funding for this research. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 54 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 21 BP 7527 EP 7543 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00282.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036BZ UT WOS:000311002700012 ER PT J AU Liang, J Yang, XQ Sun, DZ AF Liang, Jin Yang, Xiu-Qun Sun, De-Zheng TI The Effect of ENSO Events on the Tropical Pacific Mean Climate: Insights from an Analytical Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; EQUATORIAL OCEAN; COLD-TONGUE; ATMOSPHERE; ASYMMETRY; VARIABILITY AB To better understand the causes of climate change in the tropical Pacific on decadal and longer time scales, the authors delineate the rectification effect of ENSO events into the mean state by contrasting the time-mean state of a low-order model for the Pacific with its equilibrium state. The model encapsulates the essential physics of the ENSO system, but remains simple enough to allow for the obtaining of its equilibrium state. The model has an oscillatory regime that resembles the observations. In this oscillatory regime, the time-mean SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific is found to be significantly different from the corresponding equilibrium SST, with the former being warmer than the latter. The difference is found to be proportional to the amplitude of ENSO. In addition, the zonal SST contrast of the time-mean state is found to be less sensitive to increases in external forcing than that of the equilibrium state, due to warming effect of ENSO events on the eastern Pacific. It is further shown that this rectification effect of ENSO events results from the nonlinear advection term in the heat budget equation. The study elucidates the role of ENSO events in shaping the tropical mean climate state and suggests that decadal warming in the recent decades in the eastern tropical Pacific may be more a consequence than a cause of the elevated ENSO activity during the same period. The results also provide a simple explanation for why it is difficult to detect an anthropogenically forced trend in the zonal SST contrast in the observations. C1 [Liang, Jin; Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Liang, Jin; Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Liang, Jin; Yang, Xiu-Qun] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM dezheng.sun@noaa.gov RI Yang, Michael/G-9716-2013 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [40730953, 40805025]; U.S. NSF [AGS 0852329]; NOAA office of global programs FX The authors thank University of Colorado at Boulder for hosting Jin Liang for his visit. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grants 40730953 and 40805025, and by U.S. NSF Grant AGS 0852329 (Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program) and by grants from NOAA office of global programs (Earth System Science Program and Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projection Program). We thank the three anonymous reviewers and the editor for their very helpful questions and suggestions. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 21 BP 7590 EP 7606 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00490.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036BZ UT WOS:000311002700016 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Yang, S AF Yuan, Yuan Yang, Song TI Impacts of Different Types of El Nino on the East Asian Climate: Focus on ENSO Cycles SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDO-WESTERN PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON ONSET; WINTER MONSOON; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; MODOKI AB Using multiple datasets and a partial correlation method, the authors analyze the different impacts of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Nino on East Asian climate, focusing on the features from El Nino developing summer to El Nino decaying summer. Unlike the positive-negative-positive (+/-/+) anomalous precipitation pattern over East Asia and the equatorial Pacific during EP El Nino, an anomalous -/+/- rainfall pattern appears during CP El Nino. The anomalous dry conditions over southeastern China and the northwestern Pacific during CP El Nino seem to result from the anomalous low-level anticyclone over southern China and the South China Sea, which is located more westward than the Philippine Sea anticyclone during EP El Nino. The continuous anomalous sinking motion over southeastern China, as part of the anomalous Walker circulation associated with CP El Nino, also contributes to these dry conditions. During the developing summer, the impact of CF El Nino on East Asian climate is more significant than the influence of EP El Nino. During the decaying summer, however, EP El Nino exerts a stronger influence on East Asia, probably due to the long-lasting anomalous warming over the tropical Indian Ocean accompanying EP El Nino. Temperatures over portions of East Asia and the northwestern Pacific tend to be above normal during EP El Nino but below normal from the developing autumn to the next spring during CP El Nino. A possible reason is the weakened (enhanced) East Asian winter monsoon related to EP (CP) El Nino. C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yuan, Yuan] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [41005038]; Chinese Public Sector (Meteorology) Research and Special Project [GYHY200906016]; National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009BAC51B01]; NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments on an early version of the manuscript, which were helpful for improving the overall quality of the paper. This study was supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41005038), the Chinese Public Sector (Meteorology) Research and Special Project (GYHY200906016), the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009BAC51B01), and the NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program. NR 58 TC 33 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 21 BP 7702 EP 7722 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00576.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036BZ UT WOS:000311002700023 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Yang, S Zhang, ZQ AF Yuan, Yuan Yang, Song Zhang, Zuqiang TI Different Evolutions of the Philippine Sea Anticyclone between the Eastern and Central Pacific El Nino: Possible Effects of Indian Ocean SST SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTH CHINA; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; ANOMALOUS ANTICYCLONE; AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL; DECADAL VARIABILITY; ENSO VARIABILITY; COUPLED GCM AB The authors examine different evolution features of the low-level anticyclone over the tropical north-western Pacific between eastern Pacific (EP) El Nino events and central Pacific (CP) El Nino events. During EP El Nino, the low-level anticyclone shows an eastward movement from the northern Indian Ocean to the east of the Philippines. During CP El Nino, however, the anticyclone is mostly confined to the west of the Philippines. It is weaker, exhibits a shorter lifetime, and lacks eastward movement compared to the Philippine Sea anticyclone (PSAC) during EP El Nino. Investigation into the possible impact of Indian Ocean (IO) sea surface temperature (SST) on the evolution of the low-level anticyclone during EP and CP El Nino indicates that both SST and low-level atmospheric circulation over the IO are related more strongly with EP El Nino than with CP El Nino. The IO SST tends to exert a more prominent influence on PSAC during EP El Nino than during CP El Nino. During the developing summer and autumn of EP El Nino, the anomalous anticyclone over the northern Indian Ocean excited by positive IO dipole may contribute to an early development of the PSAC. During the winter and decaying spring, the anomalous anticyclone to the east of the Philippines instigated by the IO basin-wide warming mode also favors a larger persistence of the PSAC. During CP El Nino, however, IO SST shows a negligible impact on the evolution of the anticyclone. C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yuan, Yuan; Zhang, Zuqiang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Song.Yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41005038]; Chinese Public Sector (Meteorology) Research and Special Project [GYHY200906016]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009BAC51B01]; NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments on an early version of the manuscript, which were helpful for improving the overall quality of the paper. This study was supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41005038), the Chinese Public Sector (Meteorology) Research and Special Project (GYHY200906016), the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009BAC51B01), and the NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program. NR 73 TC 22 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 25 IS 22 BP 7867 EP 7883 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00004.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036NO UT WOS:000311034300006 ER PT J AU van Lier-Walqui, M Vukicevic, T Posselt, DJ AF van Lier-Walqui, Marcus Vukicevic, Tomislava Posselt, Derek J. TI Quantification of Cloud Microphysical Parameterization Uncertainty Using Radar Reflectivity SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PART I; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; MODEL; BULK; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; PHYSICS; MESOSCALE; FRAMEWORK AB Uncertainty in cloud microphysical parameterization-a leading order contribution to numerical weather prediction error-is estimated using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. An inversion is performed on 10 microphysical parameters using radar reflectivity observations with vertically covarying error as the likelihood constraint. An idealized 1D atmospheric column model with prescribed forcing is used to simulate the microphysical behavior of a midlatitude squall line. Novel diagnostics are employed for the probabilistic investigation of individual microphysical process behavior vis-a-vis parameter uncertainty. Uncertainty in the microphysical parameterization is presented via posterior probability density functions (PDFs) of parameters, observations, and microphysical processes. The results of this study show that radar reflectivity observations, as expected, provide a much stronger constraint on microphysical parameters than column-integral observations, in most cases reducing both the variance and bias in the maximum likelihood estimate of parameter values. This highlights the enhanced potential of radar reflectivity observations to provide information about microphysical processes within convective storm systems despite the presence of strongly nonlinear relationships within the microphysics model. The probabilistic analysis of parameterization uncertainty in terms of both parameter and process activity PDFs suggest the prospect of a stochastic representation of microphysical parameterization uncertainty-specifically the results indicate that error may be more easily represented and estimated by microphysical process uncertainty rather than microphysical parameter uncertainty. In addition, these new methods of analysis allow for a detailed investigation of the full nonlinear and multivariate relationships between microphysical parameters, microphysical processes, and radar observations. C1 [van Lier-Walqui, Marcus] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33130 USA. [Vukicevic, Tomislava] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Posselt, Derek J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP van Lier-Walqui, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33130 USA. EM mvanlier-walqui@rsmas.miami.edu RI Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; OI Posselt, Derek/0000-0002-5670-5822 FU NSF [AGS-1019184]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction [NNX09AJ43G, NNX09AJ46G]; Office of Naval Research [N00173-10-1-G035] FX M. van Lier-Walqui was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1019184. D. Posselt was supported by NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Grants NNX09AJ43G and NNX09AJ46G, as well as an Office of Naval Research Grant N00173-10-1-G035. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 140 IS 11 BP 3442 EP 3466 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00216.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036GD UT WOS:000311013500003 ER PT J AU Newman, JF Heinselman, PL AF Newman, Jennifer F. Heinselman, Pamela L. TI Evolution of a Quasi-Linear Convective System Sampled by Phased Array Radar SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; BOW ECHOES; SQUALL LINES; PART II; REAR-INFLOW; HIGH WINDS; TORNADOES; GENESIS; BAMEX; DOWNBURSTS AB On 2 April 2010, a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) moved eastward through Oklahoma during the early morning hours. Wind damage in Rush Springs, Oklahoma, approached (enhanced Fujita) EF1-scale intensity and was likely associated with a mesovortex along the leading edge of the QLCS. The evolution of the QLCS as it produced its first bow echo was captured by the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar (NWRT PAR) in Norman, Oklahoma. The NWRT PAR is an S-band radar with an electronically steered beam, allowing for rapid volumetric updates (similar to 1 min) and user-defined scanning strategies. The rapid temporal updates and dense vertical sampling of the PAR created a detailed depiction of the damaging wind mechanisms associated with the QLCS. Key features sampled by the PAR include microbursts, an intensifying midlevel jet, and rotation associated with the mcsovortex. In this work, PAR data are analyzed and compared to data from nearby operational radars, highlighting the advantages of using high-temporal-resolution data to monitor storm evolution. The PAR sampled the events preceding the Rush Springs circulation in great detail. Based on PAR data, the midlevel jet in the QLCS strengthened as it approached Rush Springs, creating an area of strong midlevel convergence where it impinged on the system-relative front-to-rear flow. As this convergence extended to the lower levels of the storm, a preexisting azimuthal shear maximum increased in magnitude and vertical extent, and EF1-scale damage occurred in Rush Springs. The depiction of these events in the PAR data demonstrates the complex and rapidly changing nature of QLCSs. C1 [Newman, Jennifer F.; Heinselman, Pamela L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Newman, JF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jennifer.newman@ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors thank Rick Hluchan for monitoring PAR data collection for the event, Kevin Manross for assisting with acquisition of TDWR data, Kiel Ortega for supplying damage survey information, Ami Arthur for assisting with figures, and Jeff Brogden for assisting with PAR data conversion. Conversations with Dave Andra, Mike Coniglio, and Dusty Wheatley aided our radar data analysis. Comments from three anonymous reviewers helped improve the quality of the manuscript. The authors would also like to acknowledge the developers of NCAR's Solo II radar data editing program and Dennis Flanigan, the developer of the PAR data translator for Solo II. Funding for the first author was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 140 IS 11 BP 3467 EP 3486 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00003.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036GD UT WOS:000311013500004 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Betten, D Wicker, LJ Elmore, KL Biggerstaff, MI AF Potvin, Corey K. Betten, Daniel Wicker, Louis J. Elmore, Kimberly L. Biggerstaff, Michael I. TI 3DVAR versus Traditional Dual-Doppler Wind Retrievals of a Simulated Supercell Thunderstorm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RADARS AB Use of the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) framework in dual-Doppler wind analysis (DDA) offers several advantages over traditional techniques. Perhaps the most important is that the errors that result from explicit integration of the mass continuity equation in traditional methods are avoided. In this study, observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are used to compare supercell thunderstorm wind retrievals from a 3DVAR DDA technique and three traditional DDA methods. The 3DVAR technique produces better wind retrievals near the top of the storm than the traditional methods in the experiments. This is largely attributed to the occurrence of severe errors aloft in the traditional retrievals whether the continuity equation integration proceeds upward (due to vertically accumulating errors), downward (due to severe boundary condition errors arising from uncertainty in the horizontal divergence field aloft), or in both directions. Smaller, but statistically significant, improvement occurs near the ground using the 3DVAR method. When lack of upper-level observations prevents application of a top boundary condition in the traditional DDA framework, the 3DVAR approach produces better analyses at all levels. These results strongly suggest the 3DVAR DDA framework is generally preferable to traditional formulations. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.; Elmore, Kimberly L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Betten, Daniel; Biggerstaff, Michael I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Elmore, Kimberly L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory FX The first author was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. We are very grateful to Jay Miller for clarifying some of the methods used in CEDRIC, and to the two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 140 IS 11 BP 3487 EP 3494 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00063.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036GD UT WOS:000311013500005 ER PT J AU Buban, MS Ziegler, CL Mansell, ER Richardson, YP AF Buban, Michael S. Ziegler, Conrad L. Mansell, Edward R. Richardson, Yvette P. TI Simulation of Dry line Misovortex Dynamics and Cumulus Formation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEVERE FRONTAL RAINBAND; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; NONDIVERGENT VORTEX; KINEMATIC ANALYSIS; DUAL-DOPPLER; OUTFLOW BOUNDARY; JUNE 2002; PART I AB A dryline and misocyclones have been simulated in a cloud-resolving model by applying specified initial and time-dependent lateral boundary conditions obtained from analyses of the 22 May 2002 International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) dataset. The initial and lateral boundary conditions were obtained from a combination of the time-spaced Lagrangian analyses for temperature and moisture with horizontal velocities from multiple-Doppler wind syntheses. The simulated dryline, horizontal dry-convective rolls (HCRs) and open cells (OCCs), misocyclones, and cumulus clouds are similar to the corresponding observed features. The misocyclones move northward at nearly the mean boundary layer (BL) wind speed, rotate dryline gradients owing to their circulations, and move the local dryline eastward via their passage. Cumuli develop along a secondary dryline, along HCR and OCC segments between the primary and secondary drylines, along HCR and OCC segments that have moved over the dryline, and within the dryline updraft. After the initial shearing instability develops, misocyclogenesis proceeds from tilting and stretching of vorticity by the persistent secondary dryline circulation. The resulting misocyclone evolution is discussed. C1 [Buban, Michael S.] NOAA, Forecast Res & Dev Div, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Buban, Michael S.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Richardson, Yvette P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, PA USA. RP Buban, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Forecast Res & Dev Div, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.buban@noaa.gov RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013 OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0130316, ATM-0638572, AGS-0638512]; National Severe Storms Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge contributions by David Schultz and three anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. Louis Wicker offered constructive comments about model numerics, while David Stensrud helpfully critiqued the comparison between modeled and observed surface fluxes. Funding for this research was provided by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0130316, ATM-0638572, and AGS-0638512, and the National Severe Storms Laboratory. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 140 IS 11 BP 3525 EP 3551 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00189.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036GD UT WOS:000311013500008 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Uhlhorn, EW AF Zhang, Jun A. Uhlhorn, Eric W. TI Hurricane Sea Surface Inflow Angle and an Observation-Based Parametric Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; HEIGHT-RESOLVING MODELS; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; STORM-SURGE MODEL; HIGH WIND SPEEDS; PART I; MOMENTUM FLUX; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AB This study presents an analysis of near-surface (10 m) inflow angles using wind vector data from over 1600 quality-controlled global positioning system dropwindsondes deployed by aircraft on 187 flights into 18 hurricanes. The mean inflow angle in hurricanes is found to be -22.6 degrees +/- 2.2 degrees (95% confidence). Composite analysis results indicate little dependence of storm-relative axisymmetric inflow angle on local surface wind speed, and a weak but statistically significant dependence on the radial distance from the storm center. A small, but statistically significant dependence of the axisymmetric inflow angle on storm intensity is also found, especially well outside the eyewall. By compositing observations according to radial and azimuthal location relative to storm motion direction, significant inflow angle asymmetries are found to depend on storm motion speed, although a large amount of unexplained variability remains. Generally, the largest storm-relative inflow angles (<-50 degrees) are found in the fastest-moving storms (>8 m at large radii (>8 m s(-1))times the radius of maximum wind) in the right-front storm quadrant, while the smallest inflow angles (>-10 degrees) are found in the fastest-moving storms in the left-rear quadrant. Based on these observations, a parametric model of low-wavenumber inflow angle variability as a function of radius, azimuth, storm intensity, and motion speed is developed. This model can be applied for purposes of ocean surface remote sensing studies when wind direction is either unknown or ambiguous, for forcing storm surge, surface wave, and ocean circulation models that require a parametric surface wind vector field, and evaluating surface wind field structure in numerical models of tropical cyclones. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div,CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div,CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) FX This work was supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). We gratefully acknowledge all the scientists and crews who were involved in the Hurricane Research Division's field program collecting the data used in this work. We appreciate the efforts of all the scientists and students who helped postprocessing the (pre 2004) dropwindsonde data used in this work. Without their efforts, this work would not have been possible. In particular, we are very grateful to Kathryn Sellwood and Sim Aberson for organizing and maintaining the dropwindsonde data base at HRD and making both the raw and postprocessed data available. We thank Beth Oswald for postprocessing the dropwindsonde collected using the Coupled Boundary Layer Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST) experiment (2002-04) while working with Peter Black and the author Jun Zhang in 2006 as a summer student at HRD. We thank Robert Rogers and Frank Marks for helpful discussions. We acknowledge Mark Powell and Sim Aberson for constructive comments on the early version of this paper. Finally, we also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which substantially improved our paper. NR 77 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 140 IS 11 BP 3587 EP 3605 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00339.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 036GD UT WOS:000311013500011 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Ro, HW Huang, R Lemaillet, P Germer, TA Soles, CL Stafford, CM AF Lee, Jung-Hyun Ro, Hyun Wook Huang, Rui Lemaillet, Paul Germer, Thomas A. Soles, Christopher L. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Anisotropic, Hierarchical Surface Patterns via Surface Wrinkling of Nanopatterned Polymer Films SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Polymeric materials; thin films; patterning; nanostructures; hierarchical structures; metrology ID SCALE ROUGHNESS; THIN-FILMS AB By combining surface wrinkling and nanopatterned polymer films, we create anisotropic, hierarchical surfaces whose larger length-scale (wrinkling wavelength) depends intimately on the geometry and orientation of the smaller length-scale (nanopattern). We systematically vary the pattern pitch, pattern height, and residual layer thickness to ascertain the dependence of the wrinkling wavelength on the nanopattern geometry. We apply a composite mechanics Model to gain a quantitative understanding of the relationship between. the geometric parameters and the anisotropy in wrinkling wavelength. Additionally, these results shed light on the effect of surface roughness, as represented by the nanopattern, on the metrology of thin films via Surface wrinkling. C1 [Lee, Jung-Hyun; Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher L.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Rui] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lemaillet, Paul; Germer, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lemaillet, Paul] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ro, HW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hyun.ro@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011; Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008 OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200161]; NIST-ARRA Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program [70NANB10H026] FX R.H. gratefully acknowledges financial support by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1200161). P.L. gratefully acknowledges support under the NIST-ARRA Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (70NANB10H026). We thank Edwin P. Chan for his assistance with artwork. Equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the manuscript in order to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The error bars presented throughout this manuscript represent one standard deviation of the data, which is taken as the experimental uncertainty of the measurement. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 99 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 11 BP 5995 EP 5999 DI 10.1021/nl303512d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 039KJ UT WOS:000311244400095 PM 23088734 ER PT J AU Gargis, AS Kalman, L Berry, MW Bick, DP Dimmock, DP Hambuch, T Lu, F Lyon, E Voelkerding, KV Zehnbauer, BA Agarwala, R Bennett, SF Chen, B Chin, ELH Compton, JG Das, S Farkas, DH Ferber, MJ Funke, BH Furtado, MR Ganova-Raeva, LM Geigenmuller, U Gunselman, SJ Hegde, MR Johnson, PLF Kasarskis, A Kulkarni, S Lenk, T Liu, CSJ Manion, M Manolio, TA Mardis, ER Merker, JD Rajeevan, MS Reese, MG Rehm, HL Simen, BB Yeakley, JM Zook, JM Lubin, IM AF Gargis, Amy S. Kalman, Lisa Berry, Meredith W. Bick, David P. Dimmock, David P. Hambuch, Tina Lu, Fei Lyon, Elaine Voelkerding, Karl V. Zehnbauer, Barbara A. Agarwala, Richa Bennett, Sarah F. Chen, Bin Chin, Ephrem L. H. Compton, John G. Das, Soma Farkas, Daniel H. Ferber, Matthew J. Funke, Birgit H. Furtado, Manohar R. Ganova-Raeva, Lilia M. Geigenmueller, Ute Gunselman, Sandra J. Hegde, Madhuri R. Johnson, Philip L. F. Kasarskis, Andrew Kulkarni, Shashikant Lenk, Thomas Liu, C. S. Jonathan Manion, Megan Manolio, Teri A. Mardis, Elaine R. Merker, Jason D. Rajeevan, Mangalathu S. Reese, Martin G. Rehm, Heidi L. Simen, Birgitte B. Yeakley, Joanne M. Zook, Justin M. Lubin, Ira M. TI Assuring the quality of next-generation sequencing in clinical laboratory practice SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Gargis, Amy S.; Kalman, Lisa; Zehnbauer, Barbara A.; Chen, Bin; Lubin, Ira M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci & Stand, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Berry, Meredith W.; Lu, Fei] SeqWright Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Bick, David P.; Dimmock, David P.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Hambuch, Tina] Illumina Clin Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Lyon, Elaine; Voelkerding, Karl V.] Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lyon, Elaine; Voelkerding, Karl V.] ARUP Labs, Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Agarwala, Richa] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bennett, Sarah F.] Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Div Lab Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chin, Ephrem L. H.; Hegde, Madhuri R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. [Compton, John G.] GeneDx Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Das, Soma] Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Farkas, Daniel H.] Sequenom Ctr Mol Med Inc, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Ferber, Matthew J.] Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. [Funke, Birgit H.; Rehm, Heidi L.] Partners Healthcare Ctr Personalized Genet Med, Mol Med Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. [Funke, Birgit H.; Rehm, Heidi L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Furtado, Manohar R.] Life Technol, Foster City, CA USA. [Ganova-Raeva, Lilia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Geigenmueller, Ute] Correlagen Diagnost Inc, Waltham, MA USA. [Gunselman, Sandra J.] Kailos Genet Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Johnson, Philip L. F.] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kasarskis, Andrew] Pacific Biosci, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kulkarni, Shashikant] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Kulkarni, Shashikant] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Kulkarni, Shashikant] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Lenk, Thomas] Celera Corp, Alameda, CA USA. [Liu, C. S. Jonathan; Manion, Megan] Softgenet LLC, State Coll, PA USA. [Manolio, Teri A.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mardis, Elaine R.] Washington Univ, Genome Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Mardis, Elaine R.] Washington Univ, Dept Genet & Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO USA. [Merker, Jason D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Rajeevan, Mangalathu S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Reese, Martin G.] Omica Inc, Emeryville, CA USA. [Simen, Birgitte B.] A Roche Co, Life Sci 454, Branford, CT USA. [Yeakley, Joanne M.] Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Zook, Justin M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gargis, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci & Stand, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ILubin@cdc.gov RI Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008; Dimmock, David/I-7913-2015 OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402; Dimmock, David/0000-0001-6690-2523 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R44 HG006579] NR 4 TC 180 Z9 183 U1 0 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1033 EP 1036 DI 10.1038/nbt.2403 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 037FL UT WOS:000311087500014 PM 23138292 ER PT J AU Applequist, S Arguez, A Durre, I Squires, MF Vose, RS Yin, XG AF Applequist, Scott Arguez, Anthony Durre, Imke Squires, Michael F. Vose, Russell S. Yin, Xungang TI 1981-2010 U.S. Hourly Normals SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Applequist, Scott; Arguez, Anthony; Durre, Imke; Squires, Michael F.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Yin, Xungang] STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Applequist, S (reprint author), NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM scott.applequist@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1637 EP 1640 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00173.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039AD UT WOS:000311214300003 ER PT J AU Srokosz, M Baringer, M Bryden, H Cunningham, S Delworth, T Lozier, S Marotzke, J Sutton, R AF Srokosz, M. Baringer, M. Bryden, H. Cunningham, S. Delworth, T. Lozier, S. Marotzke, J. Sutton, R. TI PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE CHANGES IN THE ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLORIDA CURRENT TRANSPORT; EDDY-FILLED OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; AGULHAS LEAKAGE; 26.5-DEGREES N; CONVEYOR BELT; UNITED-STATES C1 [Srokosz, M.; Bryden, H.; Cunningham, S.] Natl Ocean Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Baringer, M.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Delworth, T.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lozier, S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Marotzke, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Sutton, R.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. RP Srokosz, M (reprint author), Natl Ocean Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM mas@noc.ac.uk RI Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; OI Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Sutton, Rowan/0000-0001-8345-8583 FU UK RAPID; US AMOC FX This paper results from the recent conference on "Past, present and future change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation," sponsored the by UK RAPID and US AMOC programmes. We are grateful to all the contributors to that meeting for a stimulating scientific gathering that inspired this paper (see www.noc.soton.ac.uk/rapid/ic2011/). We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers, whose comments led to improvements in the paper. NR 115 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 132 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1663 EP 1676 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00151.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039AD UT WOS:000311214300006 ER PT J AU Vose, RS Arndt, D Banzon, VF Easterling, DR Gleason, B Huang, BY Kearns, E Lawrimore, JH Menne, MJ Peterson, TC Reynolds, RW Smith, TM Williams, CN Wuertz, DB AF Vose, Russell S. Arndt, Derek Banzon, Viva F. Easterling, David R. Gleason, Byron Huang, Boyin Kearns, Ed Lawrimore, Jay H. Menne, Matthew J. Peterson, Thomas C. Reynolds, Richard W. Smith, Thomas M. Williams, Claude N., Jr. Wuertz, David B. TI NOAA'S MERGED LAND-OCEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; DATABASE C1 [Vose, Russell S.; Arndt, Derek; Banzon, Viva F.; Easterling, David R.; Gleason, Byron; Huang, Boyin; Kearns, Ed; Lawrimore, Jay H.; Menne, Matthew J.; Peterson, Thomas C.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.; Wuertz, David B.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Reynolds, Richard W.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites N Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Vose, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM russell.vose@noaa.gov RI Arndt, Derek/J-3022-2013; Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1677 EP 1685 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00241.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039AD UT WOS:000311214300007 ER PT J AU Arguez, A Durre, I Applequist, S Vose, RS Squires, MF Yin, XG Heim, RR Owen, TW AF Arguez, Anthony Durre, Imke Applequist, Scott Vose, Russell S. Squires, Michael F. Yin, Xungang Heim, Richard R., Jr. Owen, Timothy W. TI NOAA'S 1981-2010 U.S. CLIMATE NORMALS An Overview SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SERIES C1 [Arguez, Anthony; Durre, Imke; Applequist, Scott; Vose, Russell S.; Squires, Michael F.; Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Owen, Timothy W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Yin, Xungang] STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Arguez, A (reprint author), NOAA NCDC, Room 506,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM anthony.arguez@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1687 EP 1697 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00197.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039AD UT WOS:000311214300008 ER PT J AU Chen, XN Zhang, YS Wang, YL Zhou, W Knight, DA Yisgedu, TB Huang, ZG Lingam, HK Billet, B Udovic, TJ Brown, GM Shore, SG Wolverton, C Zhao, JC AF Chen, Xuenian Zhang, Yongsheng Wang, Yongli Zhou, Wei Knight, Douglas A. Yisgedu, Teshome B. Huang, Zhenguo Lingam, Hima K. Billet, Beau Udovic, Terrence J. Brown, Gilbert M. Shore, Sheldon G. Wolverton, Christopher Zhao, Ji-Cheng TI Structure determination of an amorphous compound AlB4H11 SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ALUMINIUM BOROHYDRIDE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; DIBORANE PYROLYSIS; AMMONIA TRIBORANE; HYDROGEN STORAGE; BORANES; INTERCONVERSION; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS AB The structure of the amorphous aluminoborane compound AlB4H11 was identified through a collaborative study closely coupling a first-principles density functional based approach with experimental measurements using IR, NMR, and neutron vibrational spectroscopy (NVS). The AlB4H11 structure was found to contain distinct [BH4] and [B3H7] units without any [AlH4] units. It forms a -[B3H7]-Al(BH4)- polymer chain with the [BH4] units twisted relative to each other perpendicular to the chain direction and bonded to Al, and a chain backbone consists of [B3H7] and Al where the [B3H7] unit exhibits a triangular boron configuration. The computed lowest energy structure shows good agreement with results of IR, NVS and NMR spectra; this agreement demonstrates the extended applicability of the structure prediction approach to the prediction of even amorphous compounds. C1 [Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Xuenian; Yisgedu, Teshome B.; Huang, Zhenguo; Lingam, Hima K.; Billet, Beau; Zhao, Ji-Cheng] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chen, Xuenian; Shore, Sheldon G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhang, Yongsheng; Wang, Yongli; Wolverton, Christopher] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Knight, Douglas A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Brown, Gilbert M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM terrence.udovic@nist.gov; browngm1@ornl.gov; shore.1@osu.edu; c-wolverton@northwestern.edu; zhao.199@osu.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Zhao, Ji-Cheng (JC)/H-4387-2012; Wolverton, Christopher/B-7542-2009; Huang, Zhenguo/F-4483-2016; OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Zhao, Ji-Cheng (JC)/0000-0002-4426-1080; Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-FC3605GO15062]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC36-08GO18136, DE-FG02-07ER46433, DE-EE0002978, DE-AI-01-05EE11104]; Ford Motor Company; DOE by UT Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, and Infrastructure Technologies of DOE; DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under Contract no. DE-FC3605GO15062. Y. Z., Y. W. and C. W. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy under grant nos DE-FC36-08GO18136 and DE-FG02-07ER46433, and funding from Ford Motor Company under the University Research Program. T.J.U. and W.Z. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy under grant nos DE-EE0002978 and DE-AI-01-05EE11104. ORNL is managed and operated for the DOE by UT Battelle, LLC under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Research at ORNL is also supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, and Infrastructure Technologies of DOE in conjunction with the DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence. The participation of Douglas A. Knight was made possible by appointment in the ORNL Postgraduate Program administrated by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The authors from OSU are grateful to Profs. Edward A. Meyers and Thomas Evans for their very valuable comments. Critical comments of Dr Robert C. Bowman, Jr are also greatly acknowledged. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 11 BP 3183 EP 3191 DI 10.1039/c2sc21100a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 036YL UT WOS:000311068100008 ER PT J AU Walkusz, W Williams, WJ Harwood, LA Moore, SE Stewart, BE Kwasniewski, S AF Walkusz, Wojciech Williams, William J. Harwood, Lois A. Moore, Sue E. Stewart, Barbara E. Kwasniewski, Slawomir TI Composition, biomass and energetic content of biota in the vicinity of feeding bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Cape Bathurst upwelling region (south eastern Beaufort Sea) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; Feeding; Energetics; Zooplankton; Upwelling; Beaufort Sea ID CALANUS-HYPERBOREUS; SUMMER DISTRIBUTION; CHUKCHI SEAS; WHITE SEA; ZOOPLANKTON; GLACIALIS; BARROW; ALASKA; GREENLAND; BEHAVIOR AB Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort population form annual late-summer feeding aggregations offshore of the eastern Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula and Cape Bathurst. This region is strongly influenced by episodic upwelling events. A systematic aerial survey (10% coverage) was flown over the eastern shelf on 2 August 2008, revealing large numbers of bowheads (est. 3500 individuals) in a clumped distribution over the continental shelf. Between 7 and 11 August 2008, zooplankton samples and hydrography were obtained from the vicinity of two bowhead feeding aggregations, one at the northeast edge of the continental shelf, and the second off the northeast shore of the Cape Bathurst. Dense aggregations of zooplankton were found in the lower part of the water column (below 40 m), on the shelf, in water with an upwelling signature. The zooplankton were largely resting phases of calanoid copepods (Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis) and collectively had twice the abundance, twice the biomass, three times the caloric density and thus six times the energy content of contemporaneous zooplankton samples from the western Canadian Beaufort Shelf. Although upwelling at Cape Bathurst is wind-driven and thus episodic in nature, its consistent delivery of zooplankton to the bowhead foraging area creates conditions attractive to bowhead whales, with an estimated 33% of the bowhead population present on the eastern portion of the shelf at the time of the August 2008 aerial survey. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Walkusz, Wojciech] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 1R2, Canada. [Walkusz, Wojciech; Kwasniewski, Slawomir] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. [Williams, William J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8V 4L1, Canada. [Harwood, Lois A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stewart, Barbara E.] Sila Consultants, Howden, MB R5A 1J6, Canada. RP Walkusz, W (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 1R2, Canada. EM walwo@iopan.gda.pl FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [SPUB 289/W-NOGAP/2008/0, SPUB 62/W-NOGAP/2009/0]; Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP); Panel of Energy Research and Development (PERD); DFO; Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC); Conoco Phillips; BP Canada; ION/GXT; Imperial Oil FX This study was part of the Nahidik Program led by Donald Cobb. We would like to thank Don for his leadership and for bringing the program to a successful conclusion. Our thanks also go to the captain and crew of the CCGS Nahidik, who made the sampling possible and created a good working atmosphere and Kathleen Gardiner (University of Manitoba) for her help during sampling while at sea. This study was financially supported by the Nahidik Program with contributions from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grants: SPUB 289/W-NOGAP/2008/0 and SPUB 62/W-NOGAP/2009/0). This Polish-Canadian cooperation was based on an Interchange Canada Agreement for Wojciech Walkusz. We gratefully acknowledge all observers for participating in the aerial survey on 2 August 2008 (Forrest Day, Shelley Jepps, Amanda joynt). We thank the Aklak Air pilots and staff for safe and successful flights. The survey was part of a larger survey effort, funded overall by Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP), Panel of Energy Research and Development (PERD), DFO, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC), Conoco Phillips, BP Canada, ION/GXT and Imperial Oil. We thank James Auld, formerly of DFO, for expert GIS work on the analyses and graphics. NR 65 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.05.016 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 031TP UT WOS:000310665500003 ER PT J AU Zhang, B Perrie, W Vachon, PW Li, XF Pichel, WG Guo, J He, YJ AF Zhang, Biao Perrie, William Vachon, Paris W. Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. Guo, Jie He, Yijun TI Ocean Vector Winds Retrieval From C-Band Fully Polarimetric SAR Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Fully polarimetric SAR; ocean-surface wind fields; polarimetric correlation coefficient; SAR polarimetric odd-symmetry; simultaneous wind speed and direction SAR retrievals ID SURFACE WIND; SCATTEROMETER DATA; DIRECTION; QUIKSCAT; IMAGES; RADAR; SCATTERING AB We present an efficient algorithm for retrieving the ocean-surface wind vector from C-band Radar Satellite RADARSAT-2 fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements based upon the copolarized geophysical model function, i.e., CMOD5.N, and the cross-polarized ocean backscatter model, i.e., C-2PO. The analysis of fine quad-polarization mode single-look complex SAR data and collocated in situ moored buoy observations reveals that the polarimetric correlation coefficient between co- and cross-polarization channels has odd symmetry with respect to the wind direction. This characteristic is different from the feature that normalized radar cross sections for quadpolarization have even symmetry regarding the wind direction. We first use the C-2PO model to directly retrieve wind speeds without any external wind-direction and radar-incidence-angle inputs. Subsequently, the retrieved wind speeds, along with incidence angles and CMOD5.N, are employed to invert the wind direction, still with ambiguities. The odd-symmetry property is then applied to remove the wind direction ambiguities. Thus, it is shown that fully polarimetric SAR measurements provide complementary directional information for the ocean-surface wind fields. This method has the potential to improve wind vector retrievals from space. C1 [Zhang, Biao; He, Yijun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Marine Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Perrie, William] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Vachon, Paris W.] Def Res & Dev Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. [Pichel, William G.] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, IM Syst Grp, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Guo, Jie] Chinese Acad Sci, Shandong Prov Key Lab Coastal Zone Environm Proc, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai 264003, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, B (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Marine Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM William.Perrie@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41176170]; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology [S8111003001]; National Natural Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province [SBK201241656] FX This work was supported in part by the Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program project "Full polarization retrievals of ocean waves and winds," by the National Nature Science Foundation of China project " Multi-frequencies polarimetric SAR wind field retrieval in coastal regions" (41176170), by the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology High-Level Introduction of Talent project " Detection of marine oil spill by compact polarimetric SAR" (S8111003001), and by the National Natural Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province " Remote sensing of ocean surface wind field by high-resoultion fully polarimetric SAR" (SBK201241656). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 4252 EP 4261 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2194157 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 034QM UT WOS:000310888000003 ER PT J AU Gu, DZ Houtz, D Randa, J Walker, DK AF Gu, Dazhen Houtz, Derek Randa, James Walker, David K. TI Extraction of Illumination Efficiency by Solely Radiometric Measurements for Improved Brightness-Temperature Characterization of Microwave Blackbody Target SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Blackbody target; brightness temperature (BT); illumination efficiency (IE); microwave radiometer; uncertainty analysis AB We report our recent progress toward the development of microwave brightness-temperature (BT) standards. As one of the crucial parameters, the target illumination efficiency (IE) was traditionally determined from the relative antenna pattern. We propose a measurement technique to extract the target IE solely by the use of passive radiometric measurements for characterizing the BT of the blackbody radiator. Such a technique allows us to skip the complexities that are often encountered during the measurement and calculation of the antenna pattern. Taking advantage of the variable heating capability available on most blackbody targets, we varied the temperature of a heated blackbody target and ran a series of radiometric measurements when the target was separated at different distances away from the the antenna with the radiometer operating at a few frequencies. Our experimental results show excellent measurement accuracy on the IE, with uncertainty of about 1% at close separation distance between the antenna and the target. We further measured and computed the BT of the blackbody target at the locations where we had measured the extracted IE. The BT was slightly lower than the physical temperature of the target and exhibited 0.7 K to about 1 K uncertainty when the target was located no more than 1 m away from the antenna. A measurement uncertainty of 1 K already meets the accuracy requirements of some climate variables, and such results reflect a significant step toward the establishment of BT standards at microwave frequencies. C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Houtz, Derek; Randa, James; Walker, David K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gu, Dazhen] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Houtz, Derek] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dazhen.gu@nist.gov; derek.houtz@nist.gov; james.randa@nist.gov; david.walker@nist.gov FU NIST, an agency of the U.S. government FX The work of this publication is supported by NIST, an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 4575 EP 4583 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2193890 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 034QS UT WOS:000310888600003 ER PT J AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Barnes, C Lirette, D DeSalvo, JA Howe, DA AF Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig W. Barnes, Corey Lirette, Danielle DeSalvo, Jason A. Howe, David A. TI Ultra-Low-Noise Regenerative Frequency Divider SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LOW PHASE-NOISE; GENERATION AB We designed ultra-low-noise regenerative divide-by-2 circuits that operate at input frequencies of 10, 20, and 40 MHz. We achieved output-referred single-sideband residual phase noise equal to -164 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz offset and estimated residual Allan deviation, sigma(y)(tau) less than 3 x 10(-15)tau(-1) for a single divider, which is, to our knowledge, the lowest noise of any divider ever reported at these frequencies. To measure such a low noise, we also built a cross-spectrum measurement system that has a noise floor of -175 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz offset from the carrier frequency. The low noise of the divider and the measurement system are achieved by using custom-built mixers/phase detectors that use 2N2222A bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) in a conventional double-balanced diode ring. C1 [Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig W.; Barnes, Corey; Lirette, Danielle; DeSalvo, Jason A.; Howe, David A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM archita@boulder.nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This work is a contribution of an agency of the US government and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 2012 VL 59 IS 11 BP 2596 EP 2598 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2495 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 035WC UT WOS:000310981600026 PM 23192826 ER PT J AU Shein, KA Todey, DP Akyuz, FA Angel, JR Kearns, TM Zdrojewski, JL AF Shein, Karsten A. Todey, Dennis P. Akyuz, F. Adnan Angel, James R. Kearns, Timothy M. Zdrojewski, James L. TI Evaluating Statewide Climate Extremes for the United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The NOAANational Climatic Data Center maintains tables for temperature and precipitation extremes in each of the U. S. states. Many of these tables were several years out of date, however, and therefore did not include a number of recent record-setting meteorological observations. Furthermore, there was no formal process for ensuring the currency of the tables or evaluating observations that might tie or break a statewide climate record. This paper describes the evaluation and revision of the statewide climate-extremes tables for all-time maximum and minimum temperature, greatest 24-h precipitation and snowfall, and greatest snow depth (the five basic climate elements observed on a daily basis by the NOAA Cooperative Weather Network). The process resulted in the revision of 40% of the values listed in those tables and underscored both the necessity of manual quality-assurance methods and the importance of continued climate-monitoring and data-rescue activities to ensure that potential record values are not overlooked. C1 [Shein, Karsten A.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Todey, Dennis P.] S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Off Climatol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Akyuz, F. Adnan] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Angel, James R.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Off State Climatologist, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Kearns, Timothy M.] NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off Aberdeen, Aberdeen, SD USA. [Zdrojewski, James L.] NOAA, NWS, Climate Serv Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Shein, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM karsten.shein@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 51 IS 11 BP 2047 EP 2059 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0226.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038BK UT WOS:000311150000011 ER PT J AU Kline, MC Duewer, DL AF Kline, M. C. Duewer, D. L. TI Metrology for Huntington's Disease PCR Assays: Repeat Regions to Avoid SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY OCT 25-27, 2012 CL Long Beach, CA SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Kline, M. C.; Duewer, D. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 6 BP 641 EP 641 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 025HG UT WOS:000310178600034 ER PT J AU Haynes, RJ Holden, MJ Kline, MC Butler, JM AF Haynes, R. J. Holden, M. J. Kline, M. C. Butler, J. M. TI Model for Production of Nucleic Acid-Based Standard Reference Materials by NIST for Clinical Diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY OCT 25-27, 2012 CL Long Beach, CA SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Haynes, R. J.; Holden, M. J.; Kline, M. C.; Butler, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 14 IS 6 BP 683 EP 683 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 025HG UT WOS:000310178600200 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Kessler, WS Sherman, JT AF Davis, Russ E. Kessler, William S. Sherman, Jeffrey T. TI Gliders Measure Western Boundary Current Transport from the South Pacific to the Equator SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; WATERS AB "Spray" gliders, most launched from small boats near shore, have established a sustainable time series of equatorward transport through the Solomon Sea. The first 3.5 years (mid-2007 through 2010) are analyzed. Coast-to-coast equatorward transport through the Solomon Sea fluctuates around a value of 15 Sv (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) with variations approaching +/- 15 Sv. Transport variability is well correlated with El Nino indices like Nino-3.4, with strong equatorward flow during one El Nino and weak flow during two La Ninas. Mean transport is centered in an undercurrent focused in the western boundary current; variability has a two-layer structure with layers separated near 250 m (near the core of the undercurrent) that fluctuate independently. The largest variations are in midbasin, confined to the upper layer, and are well correlated with ENSO. Analysis of velocity and salinity on isopycnals shows that the western boundary current within the Solomon Sea consists of a deep core coming from the Coral Sea and a shallow core that enters the Solomon Sea in mid basin. Analysis of the structure of transport and its fluctuations is presented. C1 [Davis, Russ E.; Sherman, Jeffrey T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, MS 0230, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rdavis@ucsd.edu OI Davis, Russ/0000-0003-1903-6313 FU NOAA [NA17RJ1231]; ANR [ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01] FX This project was conceived in collaboration with Lionel Gourdeau and Alex Ganachaud of IRD, Noumea. The first Spray cruise was deployed from the IRD ship R/V Alis. Danny Kennedy, of Dive Gizo, was an essential member of our team who made it feasible to sustain observations in this remote region. Enthusiastic support by Prof. Chalapan Kaluwin of the University of Papua New Guinea, Mr. Chanel Iroi of the Solomon Islands Meteorological Service, and U.S. Consul Keithie Saunders was invaluable in meeting myriad challenges. David Black, Kyle Grindley, Brent Jones, David Manley, Jillian Peacock and Derek Vana (all SIO), and David Varillon and Jean-Yves Panche (IRD) carried out the field work. Mike Johnson of NOAA's Ocean Climate Observations program first saw potential for sustained glider observations in boundary currents. The project was sustained by NOAA Grant NA17RJ1231 and co-funded by ANR Project ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2001 EP 2013 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-022.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 038KT UT WOS:000311174300015 ER PT J AU Green, M Patel, P AF Green, Martin Patel, Prachi TI The materials that make an energy company: BP chief scientist Ellen Williams discusses sustainable energy SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material AB After over three decades in academia, Ellen Williams left her position as a Distinguished University Professor of physics at the University of Maryland to take on the role of Chief Scientist at BP in January 2010. Williams is responsible for keeping a pulse on science and technology developments that could advance BP's energy portfolio and serves as a liaison to the company's university partners. She provides assurance for research and development spending and strategic scientific advice to BP senior executives. She has been instrumental in developing the BP International Center for Advanced Materials (ICAM) that will initially fund research at three UK-based universities and one US university. The center's research foci encompass materials integrity to advance corrosion protection during operations as well as the development of stronger, lighter materials for use in the challenging environments of hydrocarbon production and processing. C1 [Green, Martin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Green, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM prachi@lekh.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1002 EP 1003 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 036SG UT WOS:000311050200010 ER PT J AU Baek, SH Rzchowski, MS Aksyuk, VA AF Baek, Seung-Hyub Rzchowski, Mark S. Aksyuk, Vladimir A. TI Giant piezoelectricity in PMN-PT thin films: Beyond PZT SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3 FILMS; FERROELECTRIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS; MEMS; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; SI; FABRICATION; INTEGRATION; DEPENDENCE AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) incorporating piezoelectric layers provide active transduction between electrical and mechanical energy, which enables highly sensitive sensors and low-voltage driven actuators surpassing the passive operation of electrostatic MEMS. Several different piezoelectric materials have been successfully integrated into MEMS structures, most notably Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3. Piezoelectric materials with larger piezoelectric response, such as the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), would enable further miniaturization. However, this has long been hampered by the difficulties in the synthesis of these materials. This article reviews recent successes not only in synthesizing high-quality epitaxial PMN-PT heterostructures on Si, but also in fabricating PMN-PT microcantilevers, which retain the piezoelectric properties of bulk PMN-PT single crystals. These epitaxial heterostructures provide a platform to build MEMS and nanoelectromechanical system devices that function with large displacement at low drive voltages, such as ultrasound medical imagers, micro-fluidic control, piezotronics, and energy harvesting. C1 [Baek, Seung-Hyub] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Elect Mat Res Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Rzchowski, Mark S.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Phys, Madison, WI USA. [Aksyuk, Vladimir A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Baek, SH (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Elect Mat Res Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. EM shbaek77@kist.re.kr; rzchowski@physics.wisc.edu; Vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov RI Baek, Seung-Hyub/B-9189-2013; OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0708759] FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation grant number ECCS-0708759. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 104 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1022 EP 1029 DI 10.1557/mrs.2012.266 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 036SG UT WOS:000311050200014 ER PT J AU Raymer, MG Srinivasan, K AF Raymer, Michael G. Srinivasan, Kartik TI Manipulating the color and shape of single photons SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; UP-CONVERSION; WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; INTERFACE; INTERNET C1 [Raymer, Michael G.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Raymer, MG (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 2012 VL 65 IS 11 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 037UG UT WOS:000311131400019 ER PT J AU Ceriotti, M Diedrich, BL McInnes, CR AF Ceriotti, Matteo Diedrich, Benjamin L. McInnes, Colin R. TI Novel mission concepts for polar coverage: An overview of recent developments and possible future applications SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Continuous polar coverage; High-latitude observation; Earth observation; Polar meteorology; Mission design ID RESTRICTED 3-BODY PROBLEM; SYMMETRIC PERIODIC-ORBITS; NUMERICAL DETERMINATION; FAMILIES AB The paper provides a survey of novel mission concepts for continuous, hemispheric polar observation and direct-link polar telecommunications. It is well known that these services cannot be provided by traditional platforms: geostationary satellites do not cover high-latitude regions, while low- and medium-orbit Sun-synchronous spacecraft only cover a narrow swath of the Earth at each passage. Concepts that are proposed in the literature are described, including the pole-sitter concept (in which a spacecraft is stationary above the pole), spacecraft in artificial equilibrium points in the Sun-Earth system and non-Keplerian polar Molniya orbits. Additionally, novel displaced eight-shaped orbits at Lagrangian points are presented. For many of these concepts, a continuous acceleration is required and propulsion systems include solar electric propulsion, solar sail and a hybridisation of the two. Advantages and drawbacks of each mission concept are assessed, and a comparison in terms of high-latitude coverage and distance, spacecraft mass, payload and lifetime is presented. Finally, the paper will describe a number of potential applications enabled by these concepts, focusing on polar Earth observation and telecommunications. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ceriotti, Matteo; McInnes, Colin R.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Adv Space Concepts Lab, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. [Diedrich, Benjamin L.] NOAA, Off Syst Dev, Program Definit Div, Satellite & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Ceriotti, M (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Adv Space Concepts Lab, 75 Montrose St,James Weir Bldg, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. EM matteo.ceriotti@glasgow.ac.uk; ben.diedrich@noaa.gov; colin.mcinnes@strath.ac.uk RI Ceriotti, Matteo/O-3128-2013; McInnes, Colin/H-7794-2012 OI Ceriotti, Matteo/0000-0001-6819-7178; NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 80 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.04.043 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 005EN UT WOS:000308733400011 ER PT J AU Reiner, JL O'Connell, SG Butt, CM Mabury, SA Small, JM De Silva, AO Muir, DCG Delinsky, AD Strynar, MJ Lindstrom, AB Reagen, WK Malinsky, M Schafer, S Kwadijk, CJAF Schantz, MM Keller, JM AF Reiner, Jessica L. O'Connell, Steven G. Butt, Craig M. Mabury, Scott A. Small, Jeff M. De Silva, Amila O. Muir, Derek C. G. Delinsky, Amy D. Strynar, Mark J. Lindstrom, Andrew B. Reagen, William K. Malinsky, Michelle Schaefer, Sandra Kwadijk, Christiaan J. A. F. Schantz, Michele M. Keller, Jennifer M. TI Determination of perfluorinated alkyl acid concentrations in biological standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Perfluoroalkyl acids; Standard reference materials; Fish tissue; Bovine liver; Mussel tissue; Intercomparison exercise ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; PERFLUOROALKYL CONTAMINANTS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; HUMAN PLASMA; GREAT-LAKES; WATER; SAMPLES; SERUM; ENVIRONMENT; MATRICES AB Standard reference materials (SRMs) are homogeneous, well-characterized materials used to validate measurements and improve the quality of analytical data. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a wide range of SRMs that have mass fraction values assigned for legacy pollutants. These SRMs can also serve as test materials for method development, method validation, and measurement for contaminants of emerging concern. Because inter-laboratory comparison studies have revealed substantial variability of measurements of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), future analytical measurements will benefit from determination of consensus values for PFAAs in SRMs to provide a means to demonstrate method-specific performance. To that end, NIST, in collaboration with other groups, has been measuring concentrations of PFAAs in a variety of SRMs. Here we report levels of PFAAs and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) determined in four biological SRMs: fish tissue (SRM 1946 Lake Superior Fish Tissue, SRM 1947 Lake Michigan Fish Tissue), bovine liver (SRM 1577c), and mussel tissue (SRM 2974a). We also report concentrations for three in-house quality-control materials: beluga whale liver, pygmy sperm whale liver, and white-sided dolphin liver. Measurements in SRMs show an array of PFAAs, with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) being the most frequently detected. Reference and information values are reported for PFAAs measured in these biological SRMs. C1 [Reiner, Jessica L.; Schantz, Michele M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.; O'Connell, Steven G.; Keller, Jennifer M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Butt, Craig M.; Mabury, Scott A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1J4, Canada. [Small, Jeff M.; De Silva, Amila O.; Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Delinsky, Amy D.; Strynar, Mark J.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Reagen, William K.; Malinsky, Michelle] 3M Co, Environm Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Schaefer, Sandra] Bundesamt Seeschiffahrt & Hydrog, D-22589 Hamburg, Germany. [Kwadijk, Christiaan J. A. F.] Wageningen IMARES, NL-1976 CP Ijmuiden, Netherlands. RP Reiner, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jessica.reiner@nist.gov RI Reiner, Jessica /B-3167-2011; Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Butt, Craig/E-4213-2013; OI Butt, Craig/0000-0001-5033-8745; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 52 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 404 IS 9 BP 2683 EP 2692 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-5943-5 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 027GF UT WOS:000310339400011 PM 22476786 ER PT J AU Breton, TS Anderson, JL Goetz, FW Berlinsky, DL AF Breton, Timothy S. Anderson, Janet L. Goetz, Frederick W. Berlinsky, David L. TI Identification of ovarian gene expression patterns during vitellogenesis in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; Gene expression; Ovarian development; Vitellogenesis; Reproductive endocrinology ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN; REPRESENTATIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS; MATURATIONAL COMPETENCE ACQUISITION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; OOCYTE MATURATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN; MYOXOCEPHALUS-OCTODECIMSPINOSIS; GONADOTROPIN RECEPTORS AB Follicular maturational competence and ovulatory competence in teleost fish refer to the ability of the ovarian follicle to undergo final oocyte maturation and ovulation, respectively, in response to gonadotropin stimulation and other external cues. Some gene products related to competence acquisition are likely synthesized during vitellogenic growth, as these follicles gain in vivo responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation and can be induced to undergo maturation and ovulation. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), gonadotropin responsiveness has been shown to be oocyte size-dependent, and only ovaries containing late-stage vitellogenic follicles can be induced to ovulate. The purpose of the present study was to compare gene expression patterns between mid (unresponsive) and late (responsive) vitellogenic ovaries to identify genes involved in gonadotropin responsiveness and the acquisition of maturational and ovulatory competencies. Representational difference analysis was conducted in two reciprocal comparisons using intact ovarian fragments and follicle wall-enriched tissues, and genes of interest were used in real time quantitative PCR to confirm differential expression. Few differences were detected in intact ovarian fragments, but type IV ice-structuring protein and gephyrin were upregulated later in development and may be involved in lipid and sulfur metabolism, respectively. Candidate gene assays for luteinizing hormone receptor and aromatase also exhibited significant upregulation during vitellogenesis. Many genes were differentially expressed in follicle wall-enriched tissues, including endocrine maturational regulators and smooth muscle genes. Overall, maturational and ovulatory competencies during vitellogenesis in Atlantic cod are associated with up- and downregulation of many genes involved in lipid metabolism, endocrine regulation, and ovulatory preparation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Breton, Timothy S.; Berlinsky, David L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Goetz, Frederick W.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Berlinsky, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, 38 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM david.berlinsky@unh.edu FU New Hampshire Sea Grant; University of New Hampshire Marine Program FX Funding was provided by New Hampshire Sea Grant and the University of New Hampshire Marine Program. The authors thank Abigail Walker and Heidi Colburn for assistance with animal husbandry and sampling. We also thank Crystal Simchick and Giles Goetz from University of Wisconsin Milwaukee for contributions in library sequencing and Dr. Wayne Decatur from the University of New Hampshire Center for Molecular and Comparative Endocrinology for invaluable assistance with Atlantic cod genomic analyses. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 179 IS 2 BP 296 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.09.003 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 034HM UT WOS:000310863500018 PM 22982973 ER PT J AU Caprile, A Coisson, M Fiorillo, F Kabos, P Manu, OM Olivetti, ES Olariu, MA Pasquale, M Scarlatache, VA AF Caprile, A. Coisson, M. Fiorillo, F. Kabos, P. Manu, O. M. Olivetti, E. S. Olariu, M. A. Pasquale, M. Scarlatache, V. A. TI Microwave Behavior of Polymer Bonded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Magnet Soc DE Ferromagnetic resonance; magnetic composites; magnetic nanoparticles ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MAGNETO-DIELECTRICS AB Samples composed of a polymer matrix were loaded with different fractions from 0% to 30% of Fe oxide magnetic nanoparticles with an average size ranging from 5 to 25 nm. The permittivity and permeability of the composites were determined upon a very wide frequency range, spanning from DC to 30 GHz using different methods with overlapping frequency intervals. The nanoparticle content was observed to significantly modify the permeability and permittivity behavior of the polymer. The frequency and intensity of both dielectric and ferromagnetic resonances of the composites are clearly affected by the presence of the magnetic nanoparticles, and the composites can be optimized for specific applications requiring absorption of electromagnetic radiation from the MHz to the GHz range. C1 [Caprile, A.; Coisson, M.; Fiorillo, F.; Olivetti, E. S.; Pasquale, M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. [Caprile, A.] Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Turin, Italy. [Kabos, P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manu, O. M.] Univ Stefan Cel Mare, Suceava, Romania. [Olariu, M. A.; Scarlatache, V. A.] Gheorghe Asachi Tech Univ Iasi, Fac Elect Engn, Iasi, Romania. RP Caprile, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. EM a.caprile@inrim.it RI Olivetti, Elena/D-3834-2013; Coisson, Marco/M-6799-2015; Pasquale, Massimo/I-8390-2012; OLARIU, Marius Andrei/C-2464-2012; OI Olivetti, Elena/0000-0003-2210-0072; Coisson, Marco/0000-0002-2978-7615; Pasquale, Massimo/0000-0002-8336-1391; OLARIU, Marius Andrei/0000-0003-2825-6270; Caprile, Ambra/0000-0002-8827-7199 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 IS 11 BP 3394 EP 3397 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2200462 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 025MV UT WOS:000310194400169 ER PT J AU Lei, ZQ Zeng, T Feng, G Chen, PJ Lai, PT Pong, PWT AF Lei, Z. Q. Zeng, T. Feng, G. Chen, P. J. Lai, P. T. Pong, Philip W. T. TI Angular Dependence of Low-Frequency Noise in Al2O3-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junction Sensors With Conetic Alloy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Magnet Soc DE Conetic; low-frequency noise; magnetic sensors; magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) ID CURRENTS AB We demonstrated the noise performances of Al2O3-based magnetic tunnel junction sensors (MTJs) in the low-frequency regimes. Conetic alloy Ni77Fe14Cu5Mo4 was deposited as both the MTJ pinned layer and free layer because of its superb magnetically soft properties. A rotating magnetic field was employed to investigate the angular dependence of the MTJ low-frequency noise. Hooge parameter was applied for parameterizing the low-frequency noise. The measurement results demonstrate that the Hooge parameters are angular-dependent and they exhibit a linear relation with respect to the angular magnetoresistive susceptibility. It can be also observed that the Hooge parameters possess a higher value when the Conetic MTJs are in the region of antiparallel state. These results indicate that the magnetic fluctuations in the ferromagnetic layers contribute to the low-frequency noise level in Conetic MTJ sensors. C1 [Lei, Z. Q.; Zeng, T.; Lai, P. T.; Pong, Philip W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Feng, G.; Chen, P. J.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 IS 11 BP 3712 EP 3714 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2196688 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 025MV UT WOS:000310194400251 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Ghahremani, M Gu, S Provenzano, V Bennett, LH Della Torre, E ElBidweihy, H AF Jin, Yi Ghahremani, Mohammadreza Gu, Shuo Provenzano, Virgil Bennett, Lawrence H. Della Torre, Edward ElBidweihy, Hatem TI Characterization of the Mixed-Phase States Using Self-Similarity Phenomenon for First-Order Magnetocaloric Metamagnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Magnet Soc DE Gd2Si2Ge2; magnetocaloric effect; metamagnetism; metamagnets; mixed-phase; self-similarity ID MAGNETIC REFRIGERANTS; GD5SI2GE2; LA(FEXSI1-X)(13); GD-5(SI2GE2); TRANSITION AB The understanding of how magnetocaloric metamagnets transition near the metamagnetic transition region is profoundly important to fundamental research and the application of near-room temperature magnetic refrigeration. Metamagnetic transition is characterized by field-induced transitions between the ferromagnetic (FM) and the paramagnetic (PM) state at temperatures above the Curie temperature. The metamagnetic region has been experimentally shown to exhibit coexistence of FM and PM phases attributed to the materials' intrinsically layered crystallographic structures. An analytical characterization approach is proposed to numerically calculate the fractional compositions of the mixed-state phases. The fractional composition state functions for magnetocaloric metamagnets are formulated by utilizing the self-similarity phenomenon within the material's (partial derivative M/partial derivative T)(H) curves. This self-similarity is demonstrated by the collapse of the (partial derivative M/partial derivative T)(H) curves at different field values onto a single scaled curve with low index of dispersion. To study the effectiveness of this new analytical approach, the fractional compositions functions for Gd5Si2Ge2 was evaluated. The calculated Gd5Si2Ge2 fractional composition state functions demonstrate considerable characteristic agreements with previous experimental results. Knowledge of the FM and PM cluster compositions near the metamagnetic region impacts the calculation of Maxwell's Relation and provides a new numerical perspective for enhancing the magnetocaloric properties via the methods of nano-engineering or chemical substitution processes. C1 [Jin, Yi; Ghahremani, Mohammadreza; Gu, Shuo; Bennett, Lawrence H.; Della Torre, Edward; ElBidweihy, Hatem] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Provenzano, Virgil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM yijin@gwmail.gwu.edu RI Ghahremani, Mohammadreza/D-8890-2015 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 IS 11 BP 3992 EP 3994 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2200883 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 025MV UT WOS:000310194400324 ER PT J AU Shull, RD Kabanov, YP Gornakov, VS Nikitenko, VI AF Shull, R. D. Kabanov, Yu. P. Gornakov, V. S. Nikitenko, V. I. TI Edge and Shape Dependence of the Magnetization Reversal of Patterned Exchange-Biased Bilayers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Magnet Soc DE Domain structure; exchange coupling; magnetization reversal ID ANISOTROPY; ASYMMETRY; MODEL AB The magnetization reversal processes in an exchange-coupled nanocomposite system, consisting of a continuous film of the ferromagnet Ni77Fe14Mo15Cu4 with a square mesh of the antiferromagnet FeMn on top, as a function of an external magnetic field were investigated by the magneto-optical indicator film technique. It was found that the boundary conditions near the antiferromagnetic (AFM) stripes crucially influence the remagnetization kinetics in the ferromagnetic film. Unusual behavior was revealed for different topologically stable structures at 180 domain walls in the ferromagnetic film. Also, the magnetization reversal of the ferromagnetic regions underneath the antiferromagnetic stripes is different for applied fields parallel and perpendicular to the sample's unidirectional anisotropy. In both cases, an asymmetry in the magnetic structure transformation during remagnetization of the AFM-covered parts of the ferromagnetic film was observed for the forward and backward branches of the hysteresis loop. C1 [Shull, R. D.; Gornakov, V. S.; Nikitenko, V. I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kabanov, Yu. P.; Gornakov, V. S.; Nikitenko, V. I.] RAS, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Shull, RD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shull@nist.gov RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4355 EP 4358 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2197598 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 025MV UT WOS:000310194400417 ER PT J AU Lorenzoni, M Giannetto, D Maio, G Pizzul, E Pompei, L Turin, P Vincenzi, S Crivelli, A AF Lorenzoni, M. Giannetto, D. Maio, G. Pizzul, E. Pompei, L. Turin, P. Vincenzi, S. Crivelli, A. TI Empirical standard mass equation for Salmo marmoratus SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE condition indices; EmP method; marble trout; relative mass AB Total length (L-T) (range 241000 mm; mean +/- S.E. = 170.21 +/- 0.36 mm) and mass (W) (range 0.109590 g; mean +/- S.E. = 76.03 +/- 0.87 g) of 36 460 specimens of marble trout Salmo marmoratus were used to compute a standard mass (W-s) equation for this species by means of the empirical percentile (EmP) method. The EmP W-s equation calculated was: log(10)W(s) = -5.208 + 3.202 log(10)L(T) - 0.046 (log(10)L(T))(2) (L-T range 90570 mm) and it is valid throughout the species' area of distribution across Europe. (C) 2012 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2012 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Lorenzoni, M.; Giannetto, D.; Pompei, L.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Biol Cellulare & Ambientale, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Pizzul, E.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Sci Vita, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Turin, P.] Bioprogramm Sc, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Vincenzi, S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Crivelli, A.] Stn Biol Tour Valat, F-13200 Le Sambuc, France. [Maio, G.] Aquaprogram SRL, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy. RP Giannetto, D (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Biol Cellulare & Ambientale, Via Elce di Sotto, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. EM danielagiannetto@libero.it RI lorenzoni, massimo/G-7610-2014; Pompei, Laura/Q-8239-2016; OI lorenzoni, massimo/0000-0002-8548-9487 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 81 IS 6 BP 2086 EP 2091 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03459.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 032OG UT WOS:000310728000021 PM 23130704 ER PT J AU Nakashima, Y Boss, M Russek, SE Moreland, J AF Nakashima, Yoshihiro Boss, Michael Russek, Stephen E. Moreland, John TI Single bead detection with an NMR microcapillary probe SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Magnetic particle; Single particle detection; Microcoil NMR; MRI contrast agent ID CONTRAST AGENTS; MICROCOIL; H-1-NMR; DESIGN AB We have developed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microcapillary probe for the detection of single magnetic microbeads. The geometry of the probe has been optimized so that the signal from the background water has a similar magnitude compared to the signal from the dephased water nearby a single magnetic bead within the probe detector coil. In addition, the RF field of the coil must be uniform within the effective range of the magnetic bead. Three different RF probes were tested in a 7 T(300 MHz) pulsed NMR spectrometer with sample volumes ranging from 5 nL down to 1 nL. The 1 nL probe had a single-shot signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for pure water of 27 and a volume resolution that exhibits a 600-fold improvement over a conventional (5 mm tube) NMR probe with a sample volume of 18 mu L. This allowed for the detection of a 1 mu m magnetite/polystyrene bead (m = 2 x 10(-14) A m(2)) with an estimated experimental SNR of 30. Simulations of the NMR spectra for the different coil geometries and positions of the bead within the coil were developed that include the B-0 shift near a single bead, the inhomogeneity of the coils, the local coil sensitivity, the skin effect of the coil conductor, and quantitated estimates of the proximity effect between coil windings. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Nakashima, Yoshihiro; Boss, Michael; Russek, Stephen E.; Moreland, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nakashima, Yoshihiro] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Nakashima, Y (reprint author), NIST Mail Stop 687-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yoshihiro.nakashima@nist.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 224 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.09.001 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 033AP UT WOS:000310765000010 PM 23041798 ER PT J AU Holt, MM Ghoul, A Reichmuth, C AF Holt, Marla M. Ghoul, Asila Reichmuth, Colleen TI Temporal summation of airborne tones in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AUDITORY ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD; NERVE 1ST-SPIKE LATENCY; SIGNAL DURATION; COMPUTER-MODEL; UNDERWATER; INTEGRATION; FREQUENCY; HEARING; NOISE; PINNIPEDS AB The trade-off between sound level and duration on hearing sensitivity (temporal summation) was investigated in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) using airborne pure-tone stimuli. Thresholds were behaviorally measured using the method of constant stimuli at 2.5, 5, and 10 kHz for nine signal durations ranging from 25 to 500 ms. In general, thresholds decreased as duration increased up to 300 ms, beyond which thresholds did not significantly improve. When these data were fitted separately to two versions of an exponential model, the estimated time constants (92-167 ms) were generally consistent between the two fits. However, the model with more free parameters generated fits with consistently higher R-2 values, while avoiding potential arbitrary decisions about which data to include. The time constants derived for the California sea lion were generally consistent with those reported for other mammals, including other pinnipeds. The current study did not show a clear correlation between time constant and test frequency. The results should be considered when conducting audiometric work, assessing communications ranges, and evaluating potential noise impacts of airborne tonal signals on California sea lions. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4757733] C1 [Holt, Marla M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Seabird Ecol Team,Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ghoul, Asila; Reichmuth, Colleen] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Holt, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Seabird Ecol Team,Conservat Biol, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Marla.Holt@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0295] FX This study was made possible by funding from the Office of Naval Research (Award No. N00014-06-1-0295). The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. David Kastak, who initiated this study and significantly contributed to experimental design and data collection. The authors also thank Kane Cunningham for help with probit analysis and Dr. Brandon Southhall, Dr. Jason Mulsow, and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. This study would not have been possible without the support and participation of the dedicated students and volunteers in the Cognition and Sensory Systems Lab at Long Marine Laboratory, Santa Cruz, California. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 132 IS 5 BP 3569 EP 3575 DI 10.1121/1.4757733 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 035XZ UT WOS:000310988200072 PM 23145636 ER PT J AU Crandall, ED Treml, EA Barber, PH AF Crandall, Eric D. Treml, Eric A. Barber, Paul H. TI Coalescent and biophysical models of stepping-stone gene flow in neritid snails SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE amphidromy; habitat preference; Indo-Pacific; Isolation by distance; model selection; South Pacific ID CORAL-REEF FISH; PELAGIC LARVAL DURATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MARINE INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INDO-PACIFIC; MIGRATION RATES; OCEAN CURRENTS; UNSAMPLED POPULATIONS AB Marine species in the Indo-Pacific have ranges that can span thousands of kilometres, yet studies increasingly suggest that mean larval dispersal distances are less than historically assumed. Gene flow across these ranges must therefore rely to some extent on larval dispersal among intermediate stepping-stone populations in combination with long-distance dispersal far beyond the mean of the dispersal kernel. We evaluate the strength of stepping-stone dynamics by employing a spatially explicit biophysical model of larval dispersal in the tropical Pacific to construct hypotheses for dispersal pathways. We evaluate these hypotheses with coalescent models of gene flow among high-island archipelagos in four neritid gastropod species. Two of the species live in the marine intertidal, while the other two are amphidromous, living in fresh water but retaining pelagic dispersal. Dispersal pathways predicted by the biophysical model were strongly favoured in 16 of 18 tests against alternate hypotheses. In regions where connectivity among high-island archipelagos was predicted as direct, there was no difference in gene flow between marine and amphidromous species. In regions where connectivity was predicted through stepping-stone atolls only accessible to marine species, gene flow estimates between high-island archipelagos were significantly higher in marine species. Moreover, one of the marine species showed a significant pattern of isolation by distance consistent with stepping-stone dynamics. While our results support stepping-stone dynamics in Indo-Pacific species, we also see evidence for nonequilibrium processes such as range expansions or rare long-distance dispersal events. This study couples population genetic and biophysical models to help to shed light on larval dispersal pathways. C1 [Crandall, Eric D.; Barber, Paul H.] Boston Univ, Marine Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Crandall, Eric D.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Treml, Eric A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Treml, Eric A.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Barber, Paul H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Crandall, ED (reprint author), Boston Univ, Marine Program, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM eric.crandall@noaa.gov RI Treml, Eric/C-7580-2013; OI Treml, Eric/0000-0003-4844-4420; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU Lerner-Grey Fund (American Museum of Natural History); Walter Sage Memorial Fund (Conchologists of America); NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant [DEB-0508788]; NSF [DEB-0338566, OCE-0349177]; Australian Research Council [DP0878306]; Kathryn Fuller Post-Doctoral Fellowship (World Wildlife Fund); NSF Coral Triangle Partnerships for International Research and Education [OISE-0730256] FX This dissertation project had its genesis during E.D.C.'s undergraduate research in the 1998 Biology and Geomorphology of Tropical Islands course, taught at the UC Berkeley Gump Station in French Polynesia. We gratefully acknowledge the people and governments of American Samoa, Fiji, French Polynesia, Samoa and Vanuatu for permitting our sample collections and for assistance in collections. In particular, we thank E. Bardi, S. Crandall, N. Davies, K. Feussner, S. Ravuna, S. Siolo, R. Utzurrum, D. Vargo, L. Wade and the Turner Family for their assistance with field collections and permits. M. Frey graciously loaned additional samples from the Cook Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji and American Samoa and J. Taffel assisted with molecular data collection. Grants to E. D. C. from the Lerner-Grey Fund (American Museum of Natural History) and the Walter Sage Memorial Fund (Conchologists of America), and the NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant-DEB-0508788- to E. D. C. funded sample collections. NSF grants DEB-0338566 and OCE-0349177 to P. H. B funded sequencing and part of E.D.C.'s graduate stipend. E.A.T.'s modelling work was funded in part by the Australian Research Council (DP0878306), the Kathryn Fuller Post-Doctoral Fellowship (World Wildlife Fund), the NSF Coral Triangle Partnerships for International Research and Education, OISE-0730256 to P. H. B., K. Carpenter and P. Halpin. E. Anderson, T. Eichhorst, D. Drown, J. Finnerty, L. Kaufman, L. Mullineaux, J. Philibotte, C. Riginos, E. Sbrocco, C. Schneider, L. Smith, S. Thorrold, R. Toonen and two anonymous reviewers provided very useful comments and discussion. The Crandall Family provided computational resources for Migrate analyses as well as moral support. E. D. C. thanks S. Crandall for her continued patience and support. NR 110 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 21 IS 22 BP 5579 EP 5598 DI 10.1111/mec.12031 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 030PY UT WOS:000310583800017 PM 23050562 ER PT J AU Seager, AL Shah, UK Mikhail, JM Nelson, BC Marquis, BJ Doak, SH Johnson, GE Carmichael, PL Scott, SJ Scott, AD Jenkins, GJS AF Seager, Anna L. Shah, Ume-Kulsoom Mikhail, Jane M. Nelson, Bryant C. Marquis, Bryce J. Doak, Shareen H. Johnson, George E. Carmichael, Paul L. Scott, Sharon J. Scott, Andrew D. Jenkins, Gareth J. S. TI Pro-oxidant induced DNA damage in AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cells: homeostatic mechanisms of genotoxic tolerance SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Seager, Anna L.; Shah, Ume-Kulsoom; Mikhail, Jane M.; Doak, Shareen H.; Johnson, George E.; Jenkins, Gareth J. S.] Swansea Univ, Coll Med, DNA Damage Res Grp, Inst Life Sci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Nelson, Bryant C.; Marquis, Bryce J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carmichael, Paul L.; Scott, Sharon J.; Scott, Andrew D.] SEAC, Bedford MK44 1LQ, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 MA 16 BP 793 EP 794 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 031IR UT WOS:000310633200037 ER PT J AU Singh, N Jenkins, GJS Nelson, BC Marquis, BJ Williams, PM Wright, C Doak, SH AF Singh, Neenu Jenkins, Gareth J. S. Nelson, Bryant C. Marquis, Bryce J. Williams, Paul M. Wright, Chris Doak, Shareen H. TI DNA damaging potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-role of oxidation state SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Singh, Neenu; Jenkins, Gareth J. S.; Doak, Shareen H.] Swansea Univ, Coll Med, Inst Life Sci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Nelson, Bryant C.; Marquis, Bryce J.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, Paul M.; Wright, Chris] Swansea Univ, Sch Engn, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnol Ctr, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 MA 24 BP 796 EP 796 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 031IR UT WOS:000310633200045 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Wang, JW Huang, S Fan, FF Huang, X Liu, Y Krylyuk, S Yoo, J Dayeh, SA Davydov, AV Mao, SX Picraux, ST Zhang, SL Li, J Zhu, T Huang, JY AF Liu, Xiao Hua Wang, Jiang Wei Huang, Shan Fan, Feifei Huang, Xu Liu, Yang Krylyuk, Sergiy Yoo, Jinkyoung Dayeh, Shadi A. Davydov, Albert V. Mao, Scott X. Picraux, S. Tom Zhang, Sulin Li, Ju Zhu, Ting Huang, Jian Yu TI In situ atomic-scale imaging of electrochemical lithiation in silicon SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; ANODES; ELECTRODES; NANOWIRES; FRACTURE; NANOPILLARS; CHALLENGES; ALLOYS AB In lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical reaction between the electrodes and lithium is a critical process that controls the capacity, cyclability and reliability of the battery. Despite intensive study, the atomistic mechanism of the electrochemical reactions occurring in these solid-state electrodes remains unclear. Here, we show that in situ transmission electron microscopy can be used to study the dynamic lithiation process of single-crystal silicon with atomic resolution. We observe a sharp interface (similar to 1 nm thick) between the crystalline silicon and an amorphous LixSi alloy. The lithiation kinetics are controlled by the migration of the interface, which occurs through a ledge mechanism involving the lateral movement of ledges on the close-packed {111} atomic planes. Such ledge flow processes produce the amorphous LixSi alloy through layer-by-layer peeling of the {111} atomic facets, resulting in the orientation-dependent mobility of the interfaces. C1 [Liu, Xiao Hua; Liu, Yang; Huang, Jian Yu] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wang, Jiang Wei; Mao, Scott X.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Huang, Shan; Fan, Feifei; Zhu, Ting] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Huang, Xu; Zhang, Sulin] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yoo, Jinkyoung; Dayeh, Shadi A.; Picraux, S. Tom] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mao, Scott X.] Zhejiang Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Ju] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Li, Ju] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Liu, XH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lxhua99@gmail.com; ting.zhu@me.gatech.edu; jyhuang8@yahoo.com RI Li, Ju/A-2993-2008; Zhu, Ting/A-2206-2009; Liu, Xiaohua/A-8752-2011; Wang, Jiangwei/F-8249-2011; Yoo, Jinkyoung/B-5291-2008; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Zhang, Sulin /E-6457-2010; Liu, Yang/C-9576-2012; Huang, Xu/I-4416-2014; OI Li, Ju/0000-0002-7841-8058; Liu, Xiaohua/0000-0002-7300-7145; Wang, Jiangwei/0000-0003-1191-0782; Yoo, Jinkyoung/0000-0002-9578-6979; Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Fan, Feifei/0000-0003-0455-4900 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL); Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC); US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NSF [CMMI-0758554, 1100205, DMR-1008104, DMR-1120901, CMMI-0900692]; AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0325] FX Portions of this work were supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and partly by Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (award no. DESC0001160). The LDRD supported the development and fabrication of platforms. The NEES centre supported the development of TEM techniques. The Sandia-Los Alamos Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) supported the TEM capability. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogramme laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (contract DE-AC04-94AL85000). T.Z. acknowledges support from the NSF (grants CMMI-0758554 and 1100205). J.L. acknowledges support from the NSF (DMR-1008104 and DMR-1120901) and AFOSR (FA9550-08-1-0325). S.L.Z. acknowledges support from the NSF (grant CMMI-0900692). NR 29 TC 197 Z9 199 U1 29 U2 358 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 7 IS 11 BP 749 EP 756 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2012.170 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 033JQ UT WOS:000310791900016 PM 23042490 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ Striegel, AM AF Morris, Mallory J. Striegel, Andre M. TI The effect of styrene-methyl methacrylate monomeric arrangement on the ultrasonic degradation of copolymers SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Copolymers; Degradation; Transient elongational flow; Sonication ID CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTION KINETICS; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MECHANOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION; SOLUTION CONFORMATION; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; MACROMOLECULES; LENGTH AB Ultrasonic degradation is a convenient means of studying the degradation of macromolecules in transient elongational flows. Cavitation results in non-random, near-midchain scission of linear polymers, which reach a limiting molar mass Mum beyond which degradation is no longer possible. Also, the flow fields produced as a result of ultrasonic bubble collapse are kinetically and fluid-mechanically equivalent to those produced during more experimentally intractable manifestations of transient elongational flow. Here, we describe results from the ultrasonic degradation of dilute solutions of block, random, and alternating copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate, along with the degradation of their respective homopolymers. Results from the degradation experiments were monitored using size-exclusion chromatography with on-line triple detection including multi-angle static light scattering, differential viscometry, and differential refractometry. The influence of monomeric arrangement on solution structure was found to have concomitant influence on copolymer degradation, both mechanistically and kinetically. Noteworthy was the correspondence between persistence length and both M-lim and degradation rate k when comparing the alternating to both the block and random copolymers, in qualitative agreement with the previously-postulated modified path theory of polymer degradation in transient elongational flows. Most differences in M-lim, and k could be explained by a combination of effects due to molar mass, monomer ratio, monomer arrangement, and resultant chain stiffness in solution, except for differences in M-lim, between the random and block copolymers studied, which proved too subtle to measure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morris, Mallory J.; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 97 IS 11 BP 2185 EP 2194 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.08.009 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 031PS UT WOS:000310655000013 ER PT J AU Salinas, S Perez, KO Duffy, TA Sabatino, SJ Hice, LA Munch, SB Conover, DO AF Salinas, Santiago Perez, Kestrel O. Duffy, Tara A. Sabatino, Stephen J. Hice, Lyndie A. Munch, Stephan B. Conover, David O. TI The response of correlated traits following cessation of fishery-induced selection SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE experimental evolution; fisheries management; life history evolution; wildlife management ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; INDUCED EVOLUTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; POPULATION RECOVERY; HARVEST SELECTION; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; RISK-TAKING; GROWTH-RATE; EARLY LIFE AB The application of evolutionary principles to the management of fisheries has gained considerable attention recently. Harvesting of fish may apply directional or disruptive selection to key life-history traits, and evidence for fishery-induced evolution is growing. The traits that are directly selected upon are often correlated (genetically or phenotypically) with a suite of interrelated physiological, behavioral, and morphological characters. A question that has received comparatively little attention is whether or not, after cessation of fishery-induced selection, these correlated traits revert back to previous states. Here, we empirically examine this question. In experiments with the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, we applied size-selective culling for five generations and then maintained the lines a further five generations under random harvesting. We found that some traits do return to preharvesting levels (e.g., larval viability), some partially recover (e.g., egg volume, size-at-hatch), and others show no sign of change (e.g., food consumption rate, vertebral number). Such correlations among characters could, in theory, greatly accelerate or decelerate the recovery of fish populations. These results may explain why some fish stocks fail to recover after fishing pressure is relaxed. C1 [Salinas, Santiago; Perez, Kestrel O.; Duffy, Tara A.; Hice, Lyndie A.; Munch, Stephan B.; Conover, David O.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sabatino, Stephen J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Conover, David O.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Ocean Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Salinas, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM santiago.salinas@stonybrook.edu RI Sabatino, Stephen/L-7903-2013; OI Sabatino, Stephen/0000-0003-2815-2375; Salinas, Santiago/0000-0002-8400-4740 FU Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University; US National Science Foundation FX We wish to thank the many people whose assistance made this entire experiment possible, especially fish culture managers Bill Chamberlain and Chris Knakal. This work was supported primarily by a grant from the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University with additional support from the US National Science Foundation. Data for this study are available at: to be completed after manuscript is accepted for publication. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 5 IS 7 BP 657 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00243.x PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 030BW UT WOS:000310543800001 PM 23144653 ER PT J AU Ryan, JT Southwick, RG Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Suehle, JS AF Ryan, Jason T. Southwick, Richard G., III Campbell, Jason P. Cheung, Kin P. Suehle, John S. TI On the Contribution of Bulk Defects on Charge Pumping Current SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Bulk defects; charge pumping (CP); charge trapping; high-k dielectrics ID GENERATION; TRAPS; LIFETIME; SILICON; ENERGY AB Frequency-dependent charge pumping (CP) (FD-CP) has emerged as a popular technique for studying the spatial and energetic distribution of defect centers in advanced high-k gate stacks. However, conflicting interpretations of the CP frequency-defect depth relationship has led to controversial and inconsistent findings between various groups. A key assumption is that most, if not all, bulk defect trapping/detrapping contributes to the CP current. In this paper, we show, experimentally using two independent measurements, that there is a large discrepancy between the total amount of bulk defect trapping/detrapping that occurs and the actual CP contribution due to these defects. We argue that the CP current due to bulk defects depends heavily upon the specific device geometry/technology, the minority-carrier lifetime, and FD-CP's general inability to function as a defect profiling tool. C1 [Ryan, Jason T.; Southwick, Richard G., III; Campbell, Jason P.; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.ryan@nist.gov; richard.southwick@nist.gov; jason.campbell@nist.gov; kin.cheung@nist.gov; john.suehle@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX Manuscript received May 11, 2012; revised July 11, 2012 and July 30, 2012; accepted July 31, 2012. Date of publication September 4, 2012; date of current version October 18, 2012. The works of J. T. Ryan and R. G. Southwick were supported by the National Research Council. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor B. Kaczer. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD NOV PY 2012 VL 59 IS 11 BP 2943 EP 2949 DI 10.1109/TED.2012.2211880 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 027WP UT WOS:000310385100012 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, Mark A. TI Viscosity and density of CuO nanolubricant SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE Colloidal suspension; Density; Lubricant; Viscosity; Water chiller ID NANOPARTICLES; SIZE AB This paper presents liquid kinematic viscosity and density measurements of a synthetic polyolester based copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticle dispersion (nanolubricant) at atmospheric pressure for a temperature range from approximately 288 K to 318 K. The polyolester was a commercially available chiller lubricant. The CuO particles were approximately 30 nm diameter, spherical, and well dispersed in the lubricant. Viscosity and density measurements were made for the pure base lubricant along with three nanolubricants with differing nanoparticle mass fractions (2.9%, 5.6% and 39.2%). The viscosity and the density were shown to increase with respect to increasing nanoparticle mass fraction. Correlations of the viscosity and the density are presented as a function of temperature and nanoparticle concentration. The measurements are important for the design of nanolubricants for heat transfer and flow applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 861, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Kedzierski@NIST.gov FU NIST FX This work was funded by NIST. Thanks go to the following NIST personnel for their constructive criticism of the first draft of the manuscript: Dr. D. Veronica, and Dr. P. Domanski. The author extends his appreciation to Mr. A. Heckert of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division for his consultations on the uncertainty analysis. In addition, consultations on property measurements and correlations with Dr. A. Laesecke of NIST have had a significant influence on this manuscript. Discussions with Dr. T. Leck of Dupont on surfactant effects were also helpful. The viscometer was operated by Mr. David Wilmering of KT Consulting at the NIST laboratory. The nanolubricant, a copper (II) oxide and dispersant in RL68H, was manufactured by Nanophase Technologies especially for NIST. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD NOV PY 2012 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1997 EP 2002 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.06.012 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 028EC UT WOS:000310404600021 ER PT J AU Ditty, JG Salas, JA AF Ditty, James G. Salas, Juan A. TI MISIDENTIFICATION OF MYSIS STAGES OF XIPHOPENAEUS KROYERI (HELLER, 1862) AND RIMAPENAEUS PEREZ-FARFANTE AND KENSLEY, 1997 (DECAPODA: PENAEIDAE) IN THE WESTERN ATLANTIC SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE discrimination; dorsomedian carina; Penaeidae; Rimapenaeus; Trachypenaeus; Trachysalambria; vestigial characters; Xiphopenaeus ID TRACHYPENAEUS-CURVIROSTRIS STIMPSON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; SHRIMP; CRUSTACEA; PENAEOIDEA; PATTERNS AB Studies in the western Atlantic have relied primarily on the key of Cook (1966) to identify and discriminate early life stages (ELS) of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) and Rimapenaeus spp. Perez-Farfante and Kensley, 1997, even though larvae had not been reared successfully past the zoea phase at that time. We surveyed the penaeid literature for descriptions of reared mysis stages of X. kroyeri and Rimapenaeus, compared characters with those of Cook (1966), and found that Cook had reversed illustrations and criteria to discriminate taxa. We also examined plankton-collected mysis stages and identified new characters and previously unrecognized differences between taxa. Mysis stages of X. kroyeri have a slender median spine laterally near the posterior margin of pleomere five, not those of Rimapenaeus, although some early first myses of Rimapenaeus may have a vestigial spine laterally on pleomere five. Rimapenaeus has single dorsomedian spines on pleomeres four through six with the spine on pleomeres five and six >40% (usually about 50%) of fifth pleomere length as measured along the dorsal midline. Rimapenaeus lacks a pterygiostomial spine, although a spine on the distal margin of the developing antennal peduncle near the ventrolateral border of the carapace can be confused with a pterygiostomial spine. Xiphopenaeus kroyeri has a pterygiostomial spine and single dorsomedian spines on pleomeres four through six with the spine on pleomeres five and six <35% (usually about 25%) of fifth pleomere length. Xiphopenaeus kroyeri also has a gap about the width of one spine between the longest and adjacent outer pairs of furcal spines along the posterior margin of the telson, whereas Rimapenaeus has contiguous furcal spines. Differences in spine length dorsally on pleomeres five and six, and the presence or absence of a pterygiostomial spine should be used to discriminate taxa because the low hepatic spine and median spine laterally on pleomere five can be difficult to detect in X. kroyeri, even with a biological stain applied. Likely misidentification of mysis stages and possible overexploitation of X. kroyeri and Rimapenaeus spp. stocks in the western Atlantic emphasizes the need to re-assess information on ELS and the necessity of accurate identifications. C1 [Ditty, James G.; Salas, Juan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Ditty, JG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM Jim.Ditty@NOAA.gov FU NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX Thanks to NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding support. Thanks also to Dr. Geoffrey Matthews (retired), formerly of NOAA's Galveston Laboratory, and to Shawn Hillen of NOAA's Galveston Laboratory who participated in sample collection. Findings and conclusions of this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 32 IS 6 BP 931 EP 939 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002097 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 026EB UT WOS:000310256000006 ER PT J AU Godinez, HC Reisner, JM Fierro, AO Guimond, SR Kao, J AF Godinez, Humberto C. Reisner, Jon M. Fierro, Alexandre O. Guimond, Stephen R. Kao, Jim TI Determining Key Model Parameters of Rapidly Intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997) Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; FIELDS; STATE AB In this work the authors determine key model parameters for rapidly intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997) using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The approach is to utilize the EnKF as a tool only to estimate the parameter values of the model for a particular dataset. The assimilation is performed using dual-Doppler radar observations obtained during the period of rapid intensification of Hurricane Guillermo. A unique aspect of Guillermo was that during the period of radar observations strong convective bursts, attributable to wind shear, formed primarily within the eastern semicircle of the eyewall. To reproduce this observed structure within a hurricane model, background wind shear of some magnitude must be specified and turbulence and surface parameters appropriately specified so that the impact of the shear on the simulated hurricane vortex can be realized. To identify the complex nonlinear interactions induced by changes in these parameters, an ensemble of model simulations have been conducted in which individual members were formulated by sampling the parameters within a certain range via a Latin hypercube approach. The ensemble and the data, derived latent heat and horizontal winds from the dual-Doppler radar observations, are utilized in the EnKF to obtain varying estimates of the model parameters. The parameters are estimated at each time instance, and a final parameter value is obtained by computing the average overtime. Individual simulations were conducted using the estimates, with the simulation using latent heat parameter estimates producing the lowest overall model forecast error. C1 [Godinez, Humberto C.; Fierro, Alexandre O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Guimond, Stephen R.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Godinez, HC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Earth & Environm Sci Div, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hgodinez@lanl.gov RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE [W-7405-ENG-36, LA-UR-10-04291]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE Contracts W-7405-ENG-36 and LA-UR-10-04291. Computer resources were provided both by the Computing Division at Los Alamos and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray clusters; approved for public release, LA-UR-11-10121. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 11 BP 3147 EP 3171 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-022.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 031OU UT WOS:000310652500004 ER PT J AU Bell, MM Montgomery, MT Emanuel, KA AF Bell, Michael M. Montgomery, Michael T. Emanuel, Kerry A. TI Air-Sea Enthalpy and Momentum Exchange at Major Hurricane Wind Speeds Observed during CBLAST SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; TROPICAL CYCLONES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; TURBULENT FLUXES; HEAT FLUXES AB Quantifying air-sea exchanges of enthalpy and momentum is important for understanding and skillfully predicting tropical cyclone intensity, but the magnitude of the corresponding wind speed-dependent bulk exchange coefficients is largely unknown at major hurricane wind speeds greater than 50 m s(-1). Since direct turbulent flux measurements in these conditions are extremely difficult, the momentum and enthalpy fluxes were deduced via absolute angular momentum and total energy budgets. An error analysis of the methodology was performed to quantify and mitigate potentially significant uncertainties resulting from unresolved budget terms and observational errors. An analysis of six missions from the 2003 Coupled Boundary Layers Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST) field program in major hurricanes Fabian and Isabel was conducted using a new variational technique. The analysis indicates a near-surface mean drag coefficient C-D of 2.4 X 10(-3) with a 46% standard deviation and a mean enthalpy coefficient C-K of 1.0 x 10(-3) with a 40% standard deviation for wind speeds between 52 and 72 m s-1. These are the first known estimates of C-K and the ratio of enthalpy to drag coefficient C-K/C-D in major hurricanes. The results suggest that there is no significant change in the magnitude of the bulk exchange coefficients estimated at minimal hurricane wind speeds, and that the ratio C-K/C-D does not significantly increase for wind speeds greater than 50 m s(-1). C1 [Bell, Michael M.; Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bell, Michael M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Emanuel, Kerry A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Bell, MM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mmbell@hawaii.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001407WR20290, N001408WR 20129]; National Science Foundation FX The Office of Naval Research (ONR) provided the financial support for this research through Awards N0001407WR20290 and N001408WR 20129. We would like to acknowledge Peter Black, the Naval Research Lab, United States Air Force, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and ONR for organizing the CBLAST experiment and collecting the data used for this study. Thanks also go to Jeanne Davencens and William Ramstrom for their preliminary work related to this research, and Michael Bell's Ph.D. committee for their valuable comments and feedback on the research.; The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 62 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 11 BP 3197 EP 3222 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0276.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 031OU UT WOS:000310652500006 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Drennan, WM AF Zhang, Jun A. Drennan, William M. TI An Observational Study of Vertical Eddy Diffusivity in the Hurricane Boundary Layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS; HEIGHT-RESOLVING MODELS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; TURBULENT FLUXES; PART II; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AB Although vertical eddy diffusivity or viscosity has been extensively used in theoretical and numerical models simulating tropical cyclones, little observational study has documented the magnitude of the eddy diffusivity in high-wind conditions (>20 m s(-1)) until now. Through analyzing in situ aircraft data that were collected in the atmospheric boundary layer of four intense hurricanes, this study provides the first estimates of vertical distributions of the vertical eddy diffusivities for momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat fluxes in the surface wind speed range between 18 and 30 m s(-1). In this work, eddy diffusivity is determined from directly measured turbulent fluxes and vertical gradients of the mean variable, such as wind speed, temperature, and humidity. The analyses show that the magnitudes of vertical eddy diffusivities for momentum and latent heat fluxes are comparable to each other, but the eddy diffusivity for sensible heat flux is much smaller than that for the latent heat flux. The vertical distributions of the eddy diffusivities are generally alike, increasing from the surface to a maximum value within the thermodynamic mixed layer and then deceasing with height. The results indicate also that momentum and latent heat are mainly transferred downgradient of the mean flow and that countergradient transport of the sensible heat may exist. The observational estimates are compared with the eddy diffusivities derived from different methods as used in planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes in numerical models as well as ones used in previous observational studies. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Drennan, William M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; OI Drennan, William/0000-0003-1708-4311 FU NOAA [NA12NWS4680004] FX This work was originally supported by ONR for the CBLAST experiment. Author Jun Zhang was supported through NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP) with Award NA12NWS4680004. We acknowledge all the scientists and aircraft crews of NOAA and other organizations who are involved in HRD's field program and who helped collect the data used in this study. Without their help, this work would have been impossible. We want to thank the PIs of the CBLAST experiment, especially Peter Black and Jeffrey French. Jun Zhang appreciates helpful suggestions from Eric Uhlhorn for improving the vertical gradient analysis. He also thanks Frank Marks and Robert Rogers for helpful discussions. In the end, we want to acknowledge Jeff Kepert and two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which substantially improved our paper. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 11 BP 3223 EP 3236 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0348.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 031OU UT WOS:000310652500007 ER PT J AU Vollmer, NL Rosel, PE AF Vollmer, N. L. Rosel, P. E. TI Developing genomic resources for the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): isolation and characterization of 153 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 53 genotyping assays SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE CATS loci; cetacean; conservation genetics; SNP discovery; TaqMan (R) Assays; targeted gene approach ID SNP MARKERS; MITOCHONDRIAL; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; MAMMALS; PCR; DNA AB Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are commonly used in human genetics, they have only recently been incorporated into genetic studies of non-model organisms, including cetaceans. SNPs have several advantages over other molecular markers for studies of population genetics: they are quicker and more straightforward to score, cross-laboratory comparisons of data are less complicated, and they can be used successfully with low-quality DNA. We screened portions of the genome of one of the most abundant cetaceans in U.S. waters, the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and identified 153 SNPs resulting in an overall average of one SNP every 463 base pairs. Custom TaqMan (R) Assays were designed for 53 of these SNPs, and their performance was tested by genotyping a set of bottlenose dolphin samples, including some with low-quality DNA. We found that in 19% of the loci examined, the minor allele frequency (MAF) estimated during initial SNP ascertainment using a DNA pool of 10 individuals differed significantly from the final MAF after genotyping over 100 individuals, suggesting caution when making inferences about MAF values based on small data sets. For two assays, we also characterized the basis for unusual clustering patterns to determine whether their data could still be utilized for further genetic studies. Overall results support the use of these SNPs for accurate analysis of both poor and good-quality DNA. We report the first SNP markers and genotyping assays for use in population and conservation genetic studies of bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Vollmer, N. L.; Rosel, P. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Vollmer, N. L.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Rosel, PE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Suite 234, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM patricia.rosel@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1124 EP 1132 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12008 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 019KY UT WOS:000309739700017 PM 22978635 ER PT J AU Forgan, D Armitage, PJ Simon, JB AF Forgan, Duncan Armitage, Philip J. Simon, Jacob B. TI Turbulent linewidths as a diagnostic of self-gravity in protostellar discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; hydrodynamics; radiative transfer; methods: numerical; stars: formation ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; T TAURI DISKS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ACCRETION DISCS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; GRAVITATIONAL FRAGMENTATION; SPH SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; TRANSPORT; MODELS AB We use smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of massive protostellar discs to investigate the predicted broadening of molecular lines from discs in which self-gravity is the dominant source of angular momentum transport. The simulations include radiative transfer, and span a range of disc-to-star mass ratios between Md/M* = 0.25 and 1.5. Subtracting off the mean azimuthal flow velocity, we compute the distribution of the in-plane and perpendicular peculiar velocity due to large-scale structure and turbulence induced by self-gravity. For the lower mass discs, we show that the characteristic peculiar velocities scale with the square root of the effective turbulent viscosity parameter, a, as expected from local a-disc theory. The derived velocities are anisotropic, with substantially larger in-plane than perpendicular values. As the disc mass is increased, the validity of the a approximation breaks down, and this is accompanied by anomalously large in-plane broadening. There is also a high variance due to the importance of low-m spiral modes. For low-mass discs, the magnitude of in-plane broadening is, to leading order, equal to the predictions from a disc theory and cannot constrain the source of turbulence. However, combining our results with prior evaluations of turbulent broadening expected in discs where the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is active, we argue that self-gravity may be distinguishable from the MRI in these systems if it is possible to measure the anisotropy of the peculiar velocity field with disc inclination. Furthermore, for large mass discs, the dominant contribution of large-scale modes is a distinguishing characteristic of self-gravitating turbulence versus MRI-driven turbulence. C1 [Forgan, Duncan] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Armitage, Philip J.; Simon, Jacob B.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.; Simon, Jacob B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Forgan, D (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM dhf@roe.ac.uk OI Forgan, Duncan/0000-0003-1175-4388 FU Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA); STFC [ST/J001422/1]; NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G]; NSF [0807471] FX Density plots were produced using SPLASH (Price 2007). Simulations were performed using high performance computing funded by the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA). DF gratefully acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/J001422/1. PJA and JBS acknowledge support from NASA (NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G) and the NSF (0807471). NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 426 IS 3 BP 2419 EP 2426 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21962.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 023VE UT WOS:000310063900053 ER PT J AU Doyle, AJ Doyle, JJ Bessling, SL Maragh, S Lindsay, ME Schepers, D Gillis, E Mortier, G Homfray, T Sauls, K Norris, RA Huso, ND Leahy, D Mohr, DW Caulfield, MJ Scott, AF Destree, A Hennekam, RC Arn, PH Curry, CJ Van Laer, L McCallion, AS Loeys, BL Dietz, HC AF Doyle, Alexander J. Doyle, Jefferson J. Bessling, Seneca L. Maragh, Samantha Lindsay, Mark E. Schepers, Dorien Gillis, Elisabeth Mortier, Geert Homfray, Tessa Sauls, Kimberly Norris, Russell A. Huso, Nicholas D. Leahy, Dan Mohr, David W. Caulfield, Mark J. Scott, Alan F. Destree, Anne Hennekam, Raoul C. Arn, Pamela H. Curry, Cynthia J. Van Laer, Lut McCallion, Andrew S. Loeys, Bart L. Dietz, Harry C. TI Mutations in the TGF-beta repressor SKI cause Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome with aortic aneurysm SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARFAN-SYNDROME; ONCOPROTEIN INTERACTS; CLINICAL ANALYSIS; SMAD PROTEINS; C-SKI; RECEPTOR; PATHOGENESIS; GENE; PROTOONCOGENE; CONTRIBUTES AB Elevated transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of syndromic presentations of aortic aneurysm, including Marfan syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS)(1-4). However, the location and character of many of the causal mutations in LDS intuitively imply diminished TGF-beta signaling(5). Taken together, these data have engendered controversy regarding the specific role of TGF-beta in disease pathogenesis. Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) has considerable phenotypic overlap with MFS and LDS, including aortic aneurysm(6-8). We identified causative variation in ten individuals with SGS in the proto-oncogene SKI, a known repressor of TGF-beta activity(9,10). Cultured dermal fibroblasts from affected individuals showed enhanced activation of TGF-beta signaling cascades and higher expression of TGF-beta-responsive genes relative to control cells. Morpholino-induced silencing of SKI paralogs in zebrafish recapitulated abnormalities seen in humans with SGS. These data support the conclusions that increased TGF-beta signaling is the mechanism underlying SGS and that high signaling contributes to multiple syndromic presentations of aortic aneurysm. C1 [Maragh, Samantha; Dietz, Harry C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Predoctoral Training Program Human Genet, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Doyle, Alexander J.; Leahy, Dan; Dietz, Harry C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Doyle, Alexander J.; Caulfield, Mark J.] Queen Mary Univ London, Baits & London Sch Med, William Harvey Res Inst, London, England. [Maragh, Samantha] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Lindsay, Mark E.; Dietz, Harry C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Schepers, Dorien; Gillis, Elisabeth; Mortier, Geert; Van Laer, Lut; Loeys, Bart L.] Univ Antwerp Hosp, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Ctr Med Genet, Antwerp, Belgium. [Schepers, Dorien; Gillis, Elisabeth; Mortier, Geert; Van Laer, Lut; Loeys, Bart L.] Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Homfray, Tessa] St Georges Healthcare Natl Hlth Serv NHS Trust, Dept Med Genet, London, England. [Sauls, Kimberly; Norris, Russell A.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Regenerat Med & Cell Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Leahy, Dan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biophys & Biophys Chem, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hennekam, Raoul C.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Destree, Anne] Inst Pathol & Genet, Gosselies, Belgium. [Curry, Cynthia J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Fresno, CA USA. [Arn, Pamela H.] Nemours Childrens Clin, Jacksonville, FL USA. [McCallion, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Loeys, Bart L.] Univ Ghent, Dept Pediat & Genet, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Dietz, HC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Predoctoral Training Program Human Genet, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM hdietz@jhmi.edu RI Doyle, Jefferson/C-3156-2013; Mortier, Geert/D-2542-2012; OI Schepers, Dorien/0000-0003-4225-6621 FU US National Institutes of Health [RO1-AR41135, PO1-AR049698]; National Marfan Foundation; Smilow Center for Marfan Syndrome Research; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genetics [1U54HG006542]; NHLBI [HL107738-01, 1R01HL111267]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) through Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders (Belgium) [G.0458.09, G.0221.12]; European Grant Fighting Aneurysmal Disease (EC-FP7); Ghent University [BOF10/GOA/005]; Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology FX The authors would like to thank E. Gerber and H. Bjornsson for their contributions to the cell culture experiments. This work was funded by grants to H.C.D. from the US National Institutes of Health (RO1-AR41135 and PO1-AR049698), the Bloomberg Fund of the National Marfan Foundation, the Smilow Center for Marfan Syndrome Research, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genetics (1U54HG006542). A.J.D. was supported as a Research Associate by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. J.J.D. was supported by a Victor A. McKusick Fellowship from the National Marfan Foundation. M.E.L. was supported by an NHLBI K08 Award (HL107738-01) and by a Fellow-to-Faculty Award from the National Marfan Foundation. A.S.M. was supported in part by the NHLBI (1R01HL111267). M.J.C. was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) through Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit. This study was also supported in part by funding from the Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders (Belgium) (G.0458.09 and G.0221.12), a European Grant Fighting Aneurysmal Disease (EC-FP7) and the Special Research Fund of Ghent University (BOF10/GOA/005). B.L.L. is a Senior Clinical Investigator of the Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders (FWO, Belgium). D.S. was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology. NR 42 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1249 EP 1254 DI 10.1038/ng.2421 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 029KZ UT WOS:000310495800018 PM 23023332 ER PT J AU Pintar, A Anderson-Cook, CM Wu, HQ AF Pintar, Adam Anderson-Cook, Christine M. Wu, Huaiqing TI Model Selection for Good Estimation and Prediction over a User-Specified Covariate Distribution for Linear Models under the Frequentist Paradigm SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Akaike information criterion; correlated variables; cross validation; fraction of design space; mean squared error ID RESPONSE-SURFACE DESIGNS; VARIABLE SELECTION; CROSS-VALIDATION; FRACTION; SPACE AB Model selection is an important part of estimation and prediction for linear models with multiple explanatory variables (covariates). A variety of approaches exist that focus on the estimation of model parameters or the fit of the model where data have been observed. This article proposes an alternative strategy that selects models based on the mean squared error of the estimated expected response for a user-specified distribution of interest on the covariate space. We discuss numerical and graphical tools for detailed comparisons among different models. These tools help select a best model based on its ability to estimate the mean response over covariate locations likely to arise from a distribution of interest and can be combined with cost for deciding whether to include specific covariates. The proposed method is illustrated with three examples. We also present simulation results demonstrating situations where the proposed method shows improvement over some standard alternatives. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Anderson-Cook, Christine M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pintar, Adam] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Huaiqing] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson-Cook, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM c-and-cook@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 7 BP 767 EP 782 DI 10.1002/qre.1273 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 029HX UT WOS:000310486600010 ER PT J AU Li, XF Shen, XY AF Li, Xiaofan Shen Xinyong TI Temporal and spatial scale dependence of precipitation analysis over the tropical deep convective regime SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cloud microphysical budget; temporal and spatial scale; rainfall partitioning analysis ID RAINFALL; RESPONSES AB Data from Goddard cumulus ensemble model experiment are used to study temporal and spatial scale dependence of tropical rainfall separation analysis based on cloud budget during Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The analysis shows that the calculations of model domain mean or time-mean grid-scale mean simulation data overestimate the rain rates of the two rainfall types associated with net condensation but they severely underestimate the rain rate of the rainfall type associated with net evaporation and hydrometeor convergence. C1 [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Shen Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM Xiaofan.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2011CB403405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039, 41175065]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX The authors thank Dr. W.-K. Tao at NOAA/GSFC for his cloud-resolving model, Prof. M. Zhang at the State University of New York, Stony Brook for his TOGA COARE forcing data, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study was supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant No. 2011CB403405, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 41075039 and 41175065, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1390 EP 1394 DI 10.1007/s00376-012-1269-7 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 023YN UT WOS:000310074000020 ER PT J AU Chen, LM Meseck, SL Roy, SB Grieb, TM Baginska, B AF Chen, Limin Meseck, Shannon L. Roy, Sujoy B. Grieb, Thomas M. Baginska, Barbara TI Modeling Fate, Transport, and Biological Uptake of Selenium in North San Francisco Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Selenium speciation; TMDL; Estuarine modeling; ECoS ID BIVALVE POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; TWEED ESTUARY; AQUATIC BIRDS; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOACCUMULATION; UK; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BIOAVAILABILITY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Selenium behavior in North San Francisco Bay, the largest estuary on the US Pacific coast, is simulated using a numerical model. This work builds upon a previously published application for simulating selenium in the bay and considers point and non-point sources, transport and mixing of selenium, transformations between different species of selenium, and biological uptake by phytoplankton, bivalves, and higher organisms. An evaluation of the calibrated model suggests that it is able to represent salinity, suspended material, and chlorophyll a under different flow conditions beyond the calibration period, through comparison against long-term data, and the distribution of different species of dissolved and particulate selenium. Model-calculated selenium concentrations in bivalves compared well to a long-term dataset, capturing the annual and seasonal variations over a 15-year period. In particular, the observed lower bivalve concentrations in the wet flow periods, corresponding to lower average particulate selenium concentrations in the bay, are well represented by the model, demonstrating the role of loading and hydrology in affecting clam concentrations. Simulated selenium concentrations in higher organisms including white sturgeon and greater scaup also compared well to the observed data in the bay. Finally, a simulation of changing riverine inflows into the bay that might occur as a consequence of proposed hydrologic modifications indicated significant increases in dissolved and particulate selenium concentrations in the bay. The modeling framework allows an examination of the relationship between selenium loads, variations in inflow, in-bay concentrations, and biota concentrations to support management for limiting wildlife impacts. C1 [Chen, Limin; Roy, Sujoy B.; Grieb, Thomas M.] Tetra Tech Inc, Lafayette, CA USA. [Meseck, Shannon L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Baginska, Barbara] San Francisco Bay Reg Water Qual Control Board, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Roy, SB (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, 3746 Mt Diablo Blvd,Suite 300, Lafayette, CA USA. EM sujoy.roy@tetratech.com FU Western States Petroleum Association FX We thank J.R.W. Harris for providing a copy of the ECoS modeling framework for this application. We thank Nicholas Fisher, Samuel Luoma, Regina Linville, and John Oram for serving as reviewers during the model development process and appreciate the comments of two anonymous reviewers of the manuscript. These inputs have strengthened the analysis and presentation of this work. Financial support for LC, SBR, and TMG was provided by the Western States Petroleum Association. Opinions expressed in the paper are those of the authors and not of the agencies they are employed by or of the funding entity. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2012 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1551 EP 1570 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9530-y PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 018LA UT WOS:000309660700014 ER PT J AU Jehl, JR Henry, AE Leger, JS AF Jehl, Joseph R., Jr. Henry, Annette E. Leger, Judy St. TI Waterbird mortality in hypersaline environments: the Wyoming trona ponds SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Eared Grebe; Salt encrustation; Mortality; Sodium toxicosis; Thermoregulation; Trona ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SALT TOXICOSIS; EARED GREBE; WATERFOWL; TOXICITY AB Each year hundreds of salt-encrusted waterbirds, mainly Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis Brehm) die at evaporation ponds of the trona (soda ash) industry in southwestern Wyoming. Clinical investigations attributed the mortality to sodium toxicity because high levels of sodium were found in brains of grebes salvaged from the ponds. This was puzzling because natural history information shows that this species resides in saline and hypersaline environments for most of the year. In addition, field observations gave no indication that grebes at the ponds were ingesting salt or salt crystals. Further, the salt glands were not hypertrophied and gavage experiments showed that healthy birds were able to ingest trona pond water without ill effect. Carcasses immersed in pond water, however, attained brain sodium levels far exceeding those considered toxic within a few hours, indicating that the high levels considered as causal probably resulted from post-mortem events. We attribute the mortality to complications of salt encrustation, notably impaired thermoregulation. Other purported cases of sodium toxicity involving encrusted birds at industrial ponds or hypersaline situations may have a similar etiology. C1 [Jehl, Joseph R., Jr.] US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Henry, Annette E.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Leger, Judy St.] SeaWorld, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. RP Jehl, JR (reprint author), US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM grebe5k@cs.com FU National Geographic Society [7408-03, 7609-04] FX B. Puschner, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine measured brain sodium. A. K. Miles and M. Ricca provided assistance with field studies and obtaining specimens. M. Jacubasz helped in laboratory studies. H. I. Ellis contributed physiological insights, help in fieldwork, and comments on the manuscript. Dave Wolgast and Paul Fiedler assisted with salinities. Studies in Wyoming were made possible with the assistance of the Department of Game and Fish, and collaboration of the soda ash industry, particularly FMC Westvaco (through J. Lutz) and the OCI Corporation (through L. Cherny). Additional assistance was received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver (through S. Jones and P. Deibert), National Geographic Society (Grants 7408-03, 7609-04) and private (non-industry) contributors. We thank F. J. Dein for alerting us to this research opportunity, K. Sladky for useful discussions, and several anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2012 VL 697 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10750-012-1167-0 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993UT UT WOS:000307886000004 ER PT J AU Gordon, JA Novotny, DR AF Gordon, Joshua A. Novotny, David R. TI Simultaneous Imaging and Precision Alignment of Two mm Wave Antennas Based on Polarization-Selective Machine-Vision SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Alignment; antenna; machine vision; millimeter wave; terahertz; waveguide AB In this paper, we present an optical imaging tool, the Overlay Imaging Aligner (OIA), developed to aid in the mechanical alignment of antenna components in the mm-wave and low-THz frequency regimes (50-500 GHz) where the millimeter and sub millimeter wavelengths pose significant alignment challenges. The OIA uses a polarization-selective machine-vision approach to generate two simultaneous and overlaid real-time digital images along a common axis; this allows for aligning two antenna components to within fractions of a wavelength in the mm-wave and THz frequency regimes. The overall concept, optical design, function, performance characteristics and application examples are presented. A quantitative assessment of the alignment accuracy achievable with the OIA at specific frequencies in the WR-2.2 band is made where the alignment achieved with the OIA is compared to an electrical alignment. C1 [Gordon, Joshua A.; Novotny, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gordon, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM josh.gordon@nist.gov FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate under IAA [HSHQDC-10-X-00452]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to thank The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate for sponsoring the production of this material under IAA # HSHQDC-10-X-00452 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3065 EP 3071 DI 10.1109/TIM.2012.2202190 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 021DW UT WOS:000309866500024 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Hester, JR Sole, VA Newville, M AF Ravel, B. Hester, J. R. Sole, V. A. Newville, M. TI Towards data format standardization for X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Improving Data Qualityand Quantity for XAFS Experiments CY APR 12-13, 2011 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE XAFS; standardization; data formats ID MODEL AB A working group on data format standardization for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has recently formed under the auspices of the International X-ray Absorption Society and the XAFS Commission of the International Union of Crystallography. This group of beamline scientists and XAS practitioners has been tasked to propose data format standards to meet the needs of the world-wide XAS community. In this report, concepts for addressing three XAS data storage needs are presented: a single spectrum interchange format, a hierarchical format for multispectral X-ray experiment, and a relational database format for XAS data libraries. C1 [Ravel, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hester, J. R.] ANSTO, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Sole, V. A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. [Newville, M.] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Radiat Studies, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bravel@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 19 BP 869 EP 874 DI 10.1107/S0909049512036886 PN 6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 024ZL UT WOS:000310151000004 PM 23093744 ER PT J AU Liermann, CAR Olden, JD Beechie, TJ Kennard, MJ Skidmore, PB Konrad, CP Imaki, H AF Liermann, C. A. Reidy Olden, J. D. Beechie, T. J. Kennard, M. J. Skidmore, P. B. Konrad, C. P. Imaki, H. TI HYDROGEOMORPHIC CLASSIFICATION OF WASHINGTON STATE RIVERS TO SUPPORT EMERGING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE natural flow regime; habitat template; hydrologic classification; Columbia River; salmon ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIMES; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; STREAMS; SALMON; PRECIPITATION; BIODIVERSITY AB As demand for fresh water increases in tandem with human population growth and a changing climate, the need to understand the ecological tradeoffs of flow regulation gains greater importance. Environmental classification is a first step towards quantifying these tradeoffs by creating the framework necessary for analysing the effects of flow variability on riverine biota. Our study presents a spatially explicit hydrogeomorphic classification of streams and rivers in Washington State, USA and investigates how projected climate change is likely to affect flow regimes in the future. We calculated 99 hydrologic metrics from 15?years of continuous daily discharge data for 64 gauges with negligible upstream impact, which were entered into a Bayesian mixture model to classify flow regimes into seven major classes described by their dominant flow source as follows: groundwater (GW), rainfall (RF), rain-with-snow (RS), snow-and-rain (SandR), snow-with-rain (SR), snowmelt (SM) and ultra-snowmelt (US). The largest class sizes were represented by the transitional RS and SandR classes (14 and 12 gauges, respectively), which are ubiquitous in temperate, mountainous landscapes found in Washington. We used a recursive partitioning algorithm and random forests to predict flow class based on a suite of environmental and climate variables. Overall classification success was 75%, and the model was used to predict normative flow classes at the reach scale for the entire state. Application of future climate change scenarios to the model inputs indicated shifts of varying magnitude from snow-dominated to rain-dominated flow classes. Lastly, a geomorphic classification was developed using a digital elevation model (DEM) and climatic data to assign stream segments as either dominantly able or unable to migrate, which was cross-tabulated with the flow types to produce a 14-tier hydrogeomorphic classification. The hydrogeomorphic classification provides a framework upon which empirical flow alterationecological response relationships can subsequently be developed using ecological information collected throughout the region. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Liermann, C. A. Reidy; Olden, J. D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beechie, T. J.; Imaki, H.] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, NW Fishery Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Kennard, M. J.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Skidmore, P. B.] Skidmore Restorat Consulting, Bozeman, MT USA. [Konrad, C. P.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tacoma, WA USA. [Konrad, C. P.] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA USA. RP Liermann, CAR (reprint author), 7021 37th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM cathyrl@uw.edu RI Kennard, Mark/C-3425-2008; OI Kennard, Mark/0000-0003-4383-4999; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187; Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X FU NOAA Fisheries FX This work was supported by NOAA Fisheries. We thank Robert Naiman (University of Washington) and James Schroeder (The Nature Conservancy) for guidance on the project, Eric Salathe (University of Washington) and Martin Liermann (NOAA) for technical support, George Pess (NOAA), Jason May (NOAA), and Gordon Grant (USDA Forest Service) for constructive reviews of the manuscript and Hal Beecher (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) for continued conversations over the years. NR 76 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1340 EP 1358 DI 10.1002/rra.1541 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 025CO UT WOS:000310162200002 ER PT J AU Molloy, JL Sieber, JR Murphy, KE Long, SE Leigh, SD AF Molloy, John L. Sieber, John R. Murphy, Karen E. Long, Stephen E. Leigh, Stefan D. TI Certification of NIST SRM 2569 Lead Paint Films for Children's Products SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STATISTICS AB SRM 2569 Lead Paint Films for Children's Products is a new Standard Reference Material (SRM) developed for use primarily with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) instrumentation. It consists of three paint coatings, with nominally 0, 90, and 300?mg/kg of Pb added, on polyester substrates. The levels of Pb are appropriate for use when validating test methods intended for testing product compliance with the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act. The Pb mass fraction, mass Pb per unit area, paint density, and paint thickness are all characterized to make these materials useful to users of different XRF instrumentation. These parameters are consistent with one another and can be used to demonstrate mathematical conversions between units of mass fraction and mass per unit area. The assigned values for these parameters were obtained through direct determinations using instrumental methods and via calculations using measured values for paint ingredients, paint composition, and physical properties. The paints are highly homogeneous among units, although within units, some localized areas enriched in Pb can be observed using microbeam XRF instrumentation. For this reason, SRM 2569 is not recommended for use with measured areas smaller than 1?mm diameter. The development of SRM 2569 is a good case study for the use of multiple, interrelated parameters and test methods to demonstrate the comparability of values derived from a variety of measurement processes. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Molloy, John L.; Sieber, John R.; Murphy, Karen E.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leigh, Stefan D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Molloy, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.molloy@nist.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 41 IS 6 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.1002/xrs.2417 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 021UW UT WOS:000309911900005 ER PT J AU Carter, WE AF Carter, William E. TI An Interlude with Dirac SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Carter, William E.] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Carter, William E.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Carter, William E.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Carter, William E.] NOAA, Geosci Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Carter, William E.] Summit Mt Haleakala, Generat LLR Observ 2, Maui, HI USA. RP Carter, WE (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM carter4451@bellsouth.net NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 100 IS 6 BP 438 EP 441 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 020DQ UT WOS:000309789300010 ER PT J AU Linteris, G Zammarano, M Wilthan, B Hanssen, L AF Linteris, Gregory Zammarano, Mauro Wilthan, Boris Hanssen, Leonard TI Absorption and reflection of infrared radiation by polymers in fire-like environments SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis modeling; material flammability; IR absorption; polymer diathermicity; thin-film glazings ID THERMAL-RADIATION; TRANSMISSION; IGNITION; SHEETS; GASIFICATION; ENERGY AB In large-scale fires, the input of energy to burning materials occurs predominantly by radiative transfer. The in-depth (rather than just surface) absorption of radiant energy by a polymer influences its ignition time and burning rate. The present investigation examines two methods for obtaining the absorption coefficient of polymers for infrared radiation from high-temperature sources: a broadband method and a spectral method. Data on the total average broadband transmittance for 11 thermoplastics are presented (as are reflectance data), and the absorption coefficient is found to vary with thickness. Implications for modeling of mass loss experiments are discussed. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Linteris, Gregory; Zammarano, Mauro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilthan, Boris; Hanssen, Leonard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linteris, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@NIST.GOV NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 36 IS 7 BP 537 EP 553 DI 10.1002/fam.1113 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 018PB UT WOS:000309672600002 ER PT J AU Sheehan, TF Reddin, DG Chaput, G Renkawitz, MD AF Sheehan, Timothy F. Reddin, David G. Chaput, Gerald Renkawitz, Mark D. TI SALSEA North America: a pelagic ecosystem survey targeting Atlantic salmon in the Northwest Atlantic SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gillnet; ichthyofauna; Labrador Sea; macroparasite; Salmo salar; surface trawl ID MARINE-PHASE ATLANTIC; SALAR; SURVIVAL; CLIMATE; GROWTH; OCEAN; SEA; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; MIGRATION AB Pelagic ecosystem surveys were conducted in the Labrador Sea during 2008 and 2009 as part of SALSEA North America. In total, 107 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were captured using a pelagic surface trawl and multipanel surface gillnets. Surface trawling provided a broad spatial sampling of the fish and macroinvertebrate communities in the upper 10 m of the water column, but caught few salmon (23). Gillnetting was more effective at capturing post-smolt (60) and adult (24) salmon. Multiple smolt cohorts were captured, indicating that post-smolts and returning adults from different rivers in North America have similar autumnal habitat requirements. Post-smolts were caught at night and in water temperatures exceeding 10 degrees C, both novel results. Post-smolts and adults consumed similar and diverse prey species, although Themisto compressa was the most important prey item. Intestinal macroparasite loads were substantial and could be a significant source of mortality. Concurrent planktonic assemblage and oceanographic conditions were also quantified. A full exploration of these data, historical datasets, and parallel data collected during SALSEA Greenland and SALSEA-Merge will further understanding of the ecology of marine-phase Atlantic salmon and inform investigations into stock-specific differences in marine productivity. C1 [Sheehan, Timothy F.; Renkawitz, Mark D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Reddin, David G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Chaput, Gerald] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. RP Sheehan, TF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tim.sheehan@noaa.gov FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (USA); Torngat Wildlife, Plants and Fisheries Secretariat Labrador; Quebec Ministere des Ressouces Naturelles et de la Faune FX This paper is in memory of Bruce Short, a dedicated technician with Fisheries and Oceans Canada for 35 years. Without his efforts, there would be far less information available on salmon in the Labrador Sea. SALSEA North America was a multijurisdictional project supported by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (USA), Torngat Wildlife, Plants and Fisheries Secretariat Labrador, and Quebec Ministere des Ressouces Naturelles et de la Faune. The paper benefited greatly from reviews by Sean Hayes (National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center) and Joan Trial (State of Maine, Department of Marine Resources). NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1580 EP 1588 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss052 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 021ID UT WOS:000309877600006 ER PT J AU Reddin, DG Hansen, LP Bakkestuen, V Russell, I White, J Potter, ECE Dempson, JB Sheehan, TF Maoileidigh, NO Smith, GW Isaksson, A Jacobsen, JA Fowler, M Mork, KA Amiro, P AF Reddin, David G. Hansen, Lars Petter Bakkestuen, Vegar Russell, Ian White, Jonathan Potter, E. C. E. (Ted) Dempson, J. Brian Sheehan, Timothy F. Maoileidigh, Niall O. Smith, Gordon W. Isaksson, Arni Jacobsen, Jan Arge Fowler, Mark Mork, Kjell Arne Amiro, Peter TI Distribution and biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at Greenland based on the analysis of historical tag recoveries SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; distribution; Greenland; swim speed; tag recoveries ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; NORWEGIAN SEA; MIGRATION; L.; ORIGIN; AREAS; TRAWL; WILD AB In this study, we examined 5481 records of tag recoveries at Greenland from a new tagging database held by ICES that contains information on salmon tagged in Canada, France, Faroes, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Spain, the UK (Northern Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales), and the United States from the early 1960s to the present. For 4806 of the tag recoveries, latitude and longitude information were available, describing, to varying degrees of accuracy, the location of recovery of tagged fish. Release and recovery dates were variable, but no significant differences over time were noted. The information derived from tag recoveries was used to describe the distribution and growth of salmon of different origins. The proportion of recoveries from East Greenland suggested that potential multi-sea-winter salmon from northern Europe have a more easterly distribution than those from southern Europe. The location of recovery of salmon of North American origin differed from that of European salmon along the west coast of Greenland. Tag recoveries by country were not uniformly distributed across the respective NAFO Divisions. Tags from salmon originating in Canada and the United States were more commonly recovered in northern locations than tags from European-origin salmon. Analysis of rates of tag recovery suggested similar rates before and after the introduction of the NASCO Tag Return Incentive Scheme. The straight-line migration speed of both North American and European salmon changed very little over the time-series, but was similar to 40% greater for North American salmon (0.43 m s(-1)) than for European salmon (0.29-0.32 m s(-1)). C1 [Reddin, David G.; Dempson, J. Brian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Hansen, Lars Petter; Bakkestuen, Vegar] NINA, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Bakkestuen, Vegar] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Russell, Ian; Potter, E. C. E. (Ted)] Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [White, Jonathan; Maoileidigh, Niall O.] Fisheries Sci Serv, Inst Marine, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Smith, Gordon W.] Marine Scotland Sci, Montrose DD10 9SL, Angus, Scotland. [Isaksson, Arni] Directorate Fisheries Res, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Jacobsen, Jan Arge] Faroe Marine Res Inst, FO-110 Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Fowler, Mark] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Mork, Kjell Arne] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. RP Reddin, DG (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 5667, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. EM reddindg@hotmail.com FU NASCO's International Atlantic Salmon Research Board FX We acknowledge all the biologists and technicians who have been involved over the past six decades in collecting, collating, and archiving the data described in this paper. Without their dedicated efforts, there would be no data and therefore no new knowledge to help us understand the ocean dynamics of the Atlantic salmon and to learn how best to manage and protect the stocks. The participation of VB and KAM in the workshops that developed the Northwest Atlantic Salmon Tagging Database was made possible by funding from NASCO's International Atlantic Salmon Research Board. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1589 EP 1597 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss087 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 021ID UT WOS:000309877600007 ER PT J AU Miller, AS Sheehan, TF Renkawitz, MD Meister, AL Miller, TJ AF Miller, Alicia S. Sheehan, Timothy F. Renkawitz, Mark D. Meister, Alfred L. Miller, Timothy J. TI Revisiting the marine migration of US Atlantic salmon using historical Carlin tag data SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; environment; GAM; marine survival; tag recovery ID NORTH-SEA AREA; SALAR L.; BALTIC SEA; POST-SMOLTS; SURVIVAL; CLIMATE; GROWTH; WILD; TEMPERATURES; POSTSMOLTS AB The development of a fishery for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the sea at West Greenland in the early 1960s prompted the start of a US tagging programme in 1962. Between 1962 and 1996, more than 1.5 million salmon from New England rivers, primarily hatchery-reared smolts, were tagged and released. Overall, the rate of tag recovery was 0.55%, with 23.2% of the tags recovered from Canada, 26.0% from Greenland, and 50.8% from the United States. A generalized additive model was used to analyse marine survival based on returns of tagged salmon to the Penobscot River. The month and year of release, sea age, smolt age, and environmental variables, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices and local sea surface temperatures (SSTs), were assessed to explain the variability in the return rate. The AMO and NAO indices, SST, sea age, and time across years all affected survival assessed in terms of returns to the Penobscot River. The results provide information to support the management of Atlantic salmon stocks on a spatial and temporal scale in US rivers and the fishery at West Greenland. C1 [Miller, Alicia S.; Sheehan, Timothy F.; Renkawitz, Mark D.; Miller, Timothy J.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Miller, AS (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM alicia.miller@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1609 EP 1615 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss039 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 021ID UT WOS:000309877600009 ER PT J AU Dixon, HJ Power, M Dempson, JB Sheehan, TF Chaput, G AF Dixon, Heather J. Power, Michael Dempson, J. Brian Sheehan, Timothy F. Chaput, Gerald TI Characterizing the trophic position and shift in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from freshwater to marine life-cycle phases using stable isotopes SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; foodweb; Northwest Atlantic; stable isotopes; trophic position ID SCALE SPATIAL VARIATION; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; POST-SMOLTS; FOOD WEBS; DELTA-C-13; PARR; CARBON; RIVER; FISH; NEWFOUNDLAND AB Marine survival and recruitment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are commonly thought to be influenced by linkages between marine temperature and growth. Salmon are opportunistic feeders that are likely to be affected by the quality and quantity of prey available. During the marine phase, salmon often target larger zooplankton and fish, with a preference for fish over crustaceans. European salmon recruitment appears to be linked to forage abundance, which affects post-smolt growth critically during the first summer at sea, but similar linkages have not been shown for North American populations. Here, trophic differences within and among populations and life stages of Atlantic salmon during the freshwater and marine life-history phases are investigated. Stable isotope methods were used to characterize trophic dynamics by sampling smolts and returning adult survivors from rivers spanning a broad geographic range in Canada (southern Labrador to the Bay of Fundy), as well as non-maturing salmon sampled at West Greenland. Analyses indicate that salmon undergo a marked change in feeding as they migrate from freshwater and show the expected high reliance on pelagic foodwebs in the marine environment. Documented changes in ocean climate, pH, and the possibility of regime shifts are likely to have significant impacts on pelagic feeding fish, including Atlantic salmon. Due to the similar marine feeding ecology suggested here for adults from different age groups, these changes could have a widespread effect on multiple life-history stages of Atlantic salmon. C1 [Dixon, Heather J.; Power, Michael] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Dempson, J. Brian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chaput, Gerald] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Sci Advice, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. RP Power, M (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM m3power@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca OI Dixon, Heather/0000-0001-7951-9435 FU NASCO's International Atlantic Salmon Research Board; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; US National Marine Fisheries Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada FX We thank the many people from Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the SALSEA West Greenland project who helped us to obtain and process samples for analysis, including the Greenlandic fishers who graciously allowed us access to their catch. Funding support for the work was variously provided by NASCO's International Atlantic Salmon Research Board, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the US National Marine Fisheries Service, and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada grant to MP. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1646 EP 1655 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss122 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 021ID UT WOS:000309877600013 ER PT J AU Jensen, AJ Maoileidigh, NO Thomas, K Einarsson, SM Haugland, M Erkinaro, J Fiske, P Friedland, KD Gudmundsdottir, AK Haantie, J Holm, M Holst, JC Jacobsen, JA Jensas, JG Kuusela, J Melle, W Mork, KA Wennevik, V Ostborg, GM AF Jensen, Arne J. Maoileidigh, Niall O. Thomas, Katie Einarsson, Sigurdur M. Haugland, Monika Erkinaro, Jaakko Fiske, Peder Friedland, Kevin D. Gudmundsdottir, Asta K. Haantie, Jari Holm, Marianne Holst, Jens Christian Jacobsen, Jan Arge Jensas, Jan G. Kuusela, Jorma Melle, Webjorn Mork, Kjell Arne Wennevik, Vidar Ostborg, Gunnel M. TI Age and fine-scale marine growth of Atlantic salmon post-smolts in the Northeast Atlantic SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; circuli spacings; digital scale reading; image processing; intercirculi distances; mortality; survival ID SALAR L.; COHO SALMON; SEA AREA; SURVIVAL; NORWAY; RIVERS; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; SYNCHRONY; PREDATION AB Surface trawls were conducted over a large area of the Northeast Atlantic in 2002, 2003, 2008, and 2009 to collect samples of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts during their marine feeding migration (n = 2242). The dominant smolt age of wild post-smolts was 2 years, followed by 1- and 3-year-old fish, and a few 4-year-old fish. The average rate of circulus formation in the marine zone of scales was estimated to be 6.3 d circulus(-1). Both the age structure and the number of marine circuli in the scales suggest that the majority of the post-smolts originated in rivers in southern Europe. Applying intercirculi distances in scales as a proxy variable of growth rate suggests that putative marine growth rates varied among years, with the fastest growth rates in 2002 and the slowest growth rates in 2008. Further, the first marine intercirculi distances were narrowest in 1-year-old smolts, successively increasing with smolt age, indicating that growth rates during the first period at sea were lowest for salmon of southernmost origin. Growth indices are linked to prevailing environmental and biological conditions. C1 [Jensen, Arne J.; Fiske, Peder; Jensas, Jan G.; Ostborg, Gunnel M.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Maoileidigh, Niall O.; Thomas, Katie] Inst Marine, Newport, Mayo, Ireland. [Einarsson, Sigurdur M.; Gudmundsdottir, Asta K.] Inst Freshwater Fisheries, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Haugland, Monika; Holm, Marianne; Holst, Jens Christian; Melle, Webjorn; Mork, Kjell Arne; Wennevik, Vidar] Inst Marine Res, NO-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Erkinaro, Jaakko] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Haantie, Jari; Kuusela, Jorma] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FI-99980 Utsjoki, Finland. [Jacobsen, Jan Arge] Faroe Marine Res Inst, FO-110 Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. RP Jensen, AJ (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res, POB 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. EM arne.jensen@nina.no FU European Commission [212529]; Atlantic Salmon Trust; Total Foundation FX The study was partly financed by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Program, Grant Agreement no. 212529 ("SALSEA-Merge"). It was also co-sponsored by the Atlantic Salmon Trust and the Total Foundation, who we thank for financial support. This work would not have been possible without the invaluable assistance, effort, and patience of the crew and scientific personnel on the research vessels involved in the surveys. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 41 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1668 EP 1677 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss086 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 021ID UT WOS:000309877600015 ER PT J AU Todd, CD Friedland, KD MacLean, JC Whyte, BD Russell, IC Lonergan, ME Morrissey, MB AF Todd, Christopher D. Friedland, Kevin D. MacLean, Julian C. Whyte, Bryce D. Russell, Ian C. Lonergan, Michael E. Morrissey, Michael B. TI Phenological and phenotypic changes in Atlantic salmon populations in response to a changing climate SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE condition factor; maternal influence; NAOI; ocean climate; phenology; run-timing; Salmo salar ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; SALAR L.; BROWN TROUT; EGG SIZE; POSTSMOLT SURVIVAL; MARINE SURVIVAL; RIVER SYSTEM; FRESH-WATER; SMOLT SIZE; BALTIC SEA AB Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of southern European origin migrating to the Norwegian Sea currently encounter anomalously high seasurface temperatures, and returning adults are of low mean condition factor. For the River North Esk (Scotland), time-series changes in river age-structure of emigrant smolts and returning one-and two-sea-winter (1SW and 2SW) adults are assessed. A comparison of the river age-structure of returning adults (1977-1999) with that of their respective annual emigrant smolt cohorts shows no evidence of river age-related bias in survivorship at sea. Evidence is presented of a possible transgenerational, or maternal, influence (poor somatic condition of spawners) driving reduced quality of emigrant S2 smolts in the North Esk. This effect is concurrent with an influence of freshwater climate as indicated by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). The maternal influence and NAOI variation in the winter immediately prior to smolt migration jointly explain approximately 29 (S2) and 17% (S3), respectively, of the variation in the mean size of smolts over the period 1975-2010. Run-timing of 1SW adult cohorts returning to Scotland shows recent delays. Variation in river flow did influence mean return date for the River Tweed, but adult condition factor, which itself shows temporal trends likely to be associated with ocean climate change, was the primary significant explanatory variable for run-timing in the rivers North Esk and Tweed. Overall, in years of poorer adult condition, 1SW salmon stay at sea longer. C1 [Todd, Christopher D.; Lonergan, Michael E.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [MacLean, Julian C.; Whyte, Bryce D.] Freshwater Lab Field Stn, Montrose DD10 9SL, Angus, Scotland. [Russell, Ian C.] Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Morrissey, Michael B.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Evolut Genes & Genom, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Fife, Scotland. RP Todd, CD (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM cdt@st-and.ac.uk RI Morrissey, Michael/F-3226-2010; Todd, Christopher/D-7528-2013; OI Morrissey, Michael/0000-0001-6209-0177; Todd, Christopher/0000-0003-3489-6004; Lonergan, Mike/0000-0001-7383-811X FU Atlantic Salmon Trust; Association of District Salmon Fishery Boards in Scotland FX Funding for part of this work derives from support kindly provided by the Atlantic Salmon Trust and the Association of District Salmon Fishery Boards in Scotland. NASCO generously supported travel costs for CDT to attend the La Rochelle Salmon Summit conference. To all, we are grateful. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 75 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1686 EP 1698 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss151 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 021ID UT WOS:000309877600017 ER PT J AU van Dam, T Collilieux, X Wuite, J Altamimi, Z Ray, J AF van Dam, T. Collilieux, X. Wuite, J. Altamimi, Z. Ray, J. TI Nontidal ocean loading: amplitudes and potential effects in GPS height time series SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Loading effects; Ocean bottom pressure; Height coordinate time series; Annual signals ID SOLID EARTH; DEFORMATION; PRESSURE; SURFACE; MODEL; GRACE; DISPLACEMENTS; TEMPERATURE; GRAVITY; REGION AB Ocean bottom pressure (OBP) changes are caused by a redistribution of the ocean's internal mass that are driven by atmospheric circulation, a change in the mass entering or leaving the ocean, and/or a change in the integrated atmospheric mass over the ocean areas. The only previous global analysis investigating the magnitude of OBP surface displacements used older OBP data sets (van Dam et al. in J Geophys Res 129:507-517, 1997). Since then significant improvements in meteorological forcing models used to predict OBP have been made, augmented by observations from satellite altimetry and expendable bathythermograph profiles. Using more recent OBP estimates from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project, we reassess the amplitude of the predicted effect of OBP on the height coordinate time series from a global distribution of GPS stations. OBP-predicted loading effects display an RMS scatter in the height of between 0.2 and 3.7 mm, larger than previously reported but still much smaller (by a factor of 2) than the scatter observed due to atmospheric pressure loading. Given the improvement in GPS hardware and data analysis techniques, the OBP signal is similar to the precision of weekly GPS height coordinates. We estimate the effect of OBP on GPS height coordinate time series using the MIT reprocessed solution, mi1. When we compare the predicted OBP height time series with mi1, we find that the scatter is reduced over all stations by 0.1 mm on average with reductions as high as 0.7 mm at some stations. More importantly we are able to reduce the scatter on 65 % of the stations investigated. The annual component of the OBP signal is responsible for 80 % of the reduction in scatter on average. We find that stations located close to semi-enclosed bays or seas are affected by OBP loading to a greater extent than other stations. C1 [van Dam, T.; Wuite, J.] Univ Luxembourg, Fac Sci Technol & Commun, Res Unit Engn Sci, L-1359 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Collilieux, X.; Altamimi, Z.] IGN, Lab Rech Godsie LAREG, F-77455 Champs Sur Marne, France. [Collilieux, X.; Altamimi, Z.] GRGS, F-77455 Champs Sur Marne, France. [Ray, J.] NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP van Dam, T (reprint author), Univ Luxembourg, Fac Sci Technol & Commun, Res Unit Engn Sci, 6 Rue Richard Coudenhove Kalergi, L-1359 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. EM tonie.vandam@uni.lu NR 64 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD NOV PY 2012 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1043 EP 1057 DI 10.1007/s00190-012-0564-5 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 021GH UT WOS:000309872800006 ER PT J AU Kochendorfer, J Meyers, TP Frank, J Massman, WJ Heuer, MW AF Kochendorfer, John Meyers, Tilden P. Frank, John Massman, William J. Heuer, Mark W. TI How Well Can We Measure the Vertical Wind Speed? Implications for Fluxes of Energy and Mass SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE (Co)sine correction; Eddy covariance; Energy budget closure; Greenhouse gas emissions; Sonic anemometer angle-of-attack correction; Surface-atmosphere exchange ID ANEMOMETER (CO)SINE RESPONSE; SONIC ANEMOMETER; ANGLE DISTRIBUTION; FLUXNET SITES; SENSIBLE HEAT; WATER-VAPOR; BALANCE; TEMPERATURE; MOMENTUM; SURFACE AB Sonic anemometers are capable of measuring the wind speed in all three dimensions at high frequencies (10-50 Hz), and are relied upon to estimate eddy-covariance-based fluxes of mass and energy over a wide variety of surfaces and ecosystems. In this study, wind-velocity measurement errors from a three-dimensional sonic anemometer with a non-orthogonal transducer orientation were estimated for over 100 combinations of angle-of-attack and wind direction using a novel technique to measure the true angle-of-attack and wind speed within the turbulent atmospheric surface layer. Corrections to the vertical wind speed varied from -5 to 37% for all angles-of-attack and wind directions examined. When applied to eddy-covariance data from three NOAA flux sites, the wind-velocity corrections increased the magnitude of CO2 fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and latent heat fluxes by a parts per thousand 11%, with the actual magnitude of flux corrections dependent upon sonic anemometer, surface type, and scalar. A sonic anemometer that uses vertically aligned transducers to measure the vertical wind speed was also tested at four angles-of-attack, and corrections to the vertical wind speed measured using this anemometer were within +/- 1% of zero. Sensible heat fluxes over a forest canopy measured using this anemometer were 15% greater than sensible heat fluxes measured using a sonic anemometer with a non-orthogonal transducer orientation. These results indicate that sensors with a non-orthogonal transducer orientation, which includes the majority of the research-grade three-dimensional sonic anemometers currently in use, should be redesigned to minimize sine errors by measuring the vertical wind speed using one pair of vertically aligned transducers. C1 [Kochendorfer, John; Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Frank, John; Massman, William J.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Heuer, Mark W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kochendorfer, J (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM john.kochendorfer@noaa.gov RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office. Dennis Finn (NOAA), Melissa Free (NOAA), Bruce Hicks (NOAA, retired), Maggie Robinson (NOAA), two anonymous reviewers, the Editor (John Garratt), and in particular Tom Horst (NCAR) helped improve this work by providing timely and insightful reviews of the manuscript. The authors also thank David Senn for photographing the anemometers in the wind tunnel (Fig. 1), and Scott Baggett for assistance with the statistical analysis. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 145 IS 2 BP 383 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s10546-012-9738-1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 016XD UT WOS:000309552300006 ER PT J AU Mancia, A Spyropoulos, DD McFee, WE Newton, DA Baatz, JE AF Mancia, Annalaura Spyropoulos, Demetri D. McFee, Wayne E. Newton, Danforth A. Baatz, John E. TI Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of primary cell types from lung tissue of a stranded pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) (vol 155, pg 136, 2012) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Mancia, Annalaura; Spyropoulos, Demetri D.; Baatz, John E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mancia, Annalaura; Newton, Danforth A.; Baatz, John E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Spyropoulos, Demetri D.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Hollings Canter Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [McFee, Wayne E.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Baatz, JE (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM baatzje@musc.edu RI mancia, annalaura/F-9706-2013 OI mancia, annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 156 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.07.003 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 015GK UT WOS:000309434200013 ER PT J AU Quinn, TP Dittman, AH Barrett, H Cunningham, C Bond, MH AF Quinn, Thomas P. Dittman, Andrew H. Barrett, Hannah Cunningham, Curry Bond, Morgan H. TI Chemosensory responses of juvenile Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma, and sculpins (Cottus spp.) to eggs and other tissues from adult Pacific salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Salmon eggs; Odors; Attraction; Salmonids; Sculpins; Marine derived nutrients ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; ILIAMNA LAKE; FRESH-WATER; PREDATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SUBSIDIES; ALASKA; NUTRIENTS; COGNATUS; ECOLOGY AB The carcasses of semelparous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provide nutrients that enter aquatic ecosystems by various pathways, including direct consumption of tissue by fishes. Salmonids and other species frequently eat eggs and other tissues from dead salmon but the roles of vision and olfaction are unclear, as is the relative attraction to different tissues. Accordingly, we conducted a series of in situ experiments using minnow traps in two natural streams in Alaska to test the relative roles of chemosensory and visual cues in attraction of fishes to eggs from adult Pacific salmon, and then compared catch rates of traps baited with eggs, muscle, liver, and testis. Experiments indicated that chemical traces were necessary and sufficient to attract juvenile Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and sculpins (Cottus spp.) into traps. Combining both sites, 70 salmonids and 19 sculpins were trapped using visual and chemical cues, and 53 and 21, respectively, for traps with only chemical cues. Traps with only the sight of eggs caught no salmonids and only 5 sculpins, comparable to empty control traps. In addition, eggs were markedly more attractive than the other tissues, trapping 68 % of the salmonids and 69 % of the sculpins, compared to 14 % and 15 % for muscle tissue, 12 % and 11 % for liver, and 6 % and 5 % for the testis. Visual cues undoubtedly play a role in egg consumption in streams, but these experiments indicated a very important role of chemical traces in attracting fish to the vicinity of the eggs, and selective attraction of eggs over other salmon tissues. C1 [Quinn, Thomas P.; Barrett, Hannah; Cunningham, Curry; Bond, Morgan H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dittman, Andrew H.] NOAA Fisheries, Environm Physiol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Quinn, TP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tquinn@u.washington.edu RI Cunningham, Curry/C-6155-2013 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD NOV PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9996-2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 017HW UT WOS:000309581800001 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Gero, PJ Tobin, DC AF Turner, David D. Gero, P. Jonathan Tobin, David C. TI THE FAR-INFRARED Focusing on a Relatively Underexplored Portion of the Electromagnetic Spectrum SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Turner, David D.; Gero, P. Jonathan; Tobin, David C.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 93 IS 11 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00007.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 039AD UT WOS:000311214300001 ER PT J AU Pollock, MM Beechie, TJ Imaki, H AF Pollock, Michael M. Beechie, Timothy J. Imaki, Hiroo TI Using reference conditions in ecosystem restoration: an example for riparian conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE applied ecology; biodiversity; conifers; dead wood; ecosystem models; ecosystem restoration; Pacific Northwest; Pseudotsuga menziesii; reference conditions; restoration ecology; riparian forests ID COASTAL RAIN-FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; RIVER RESTORATION; FISH HABITAT; LONG-TERM; WASHINGTON; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT AB Quantifying the attributes of reference sites is a crucial problem in the restoration of ecosystems, driving both the evaluation of current conditions and the setting of management targets for specific points in the future. Restoration of riparian ecosystems, particularly those dominated by conifers, has become a priority because of the numerous ecosystem services they provide, including a high number of vertebrate species in population decline that utilize these structurally complex forests. By way of example, we illustrate a three-step process to assess the effects of proposed riparian ecosystem restoration efforts: (1) identify reference sites (2) quantify metrics that describe the reference sites, and (3) use models to predict the likely effects of restoration actions relative to reference conditions. To this end, we identified 117 natural, late-successional conifer dominated stands from existing forest inventories in the Pacific Northwest for the purpose of establishing reference conditions. We did this to establish quantitative metrics for structural attributes essential to the maintenance of biodiversity in these forests, and to assess whether there were any important quantitative differences between upland and riparian forests or whether upland and riparian forest reference sites could be used interchangeably. Both forest types were generally similar, but riparian stands had higher average live tree wood volumes and basal areas, suggesting they may be growing on sites that are more productive. Both riparian and upland forests had abundant large diameter (>50 cm) live trees and snags. Collectively, our data suggest that mature, late-successional conifer dominated forests have well developed structural characteristics in terms of abundant large trees in the overstory, abundant large snags, and a well-developed understory of shade-tolerant trees. We modeled the growth of young conifer stands to assess whether a common restoration treatment would accelerate development of structural characteristics typical of reference conditions. We found that left untreated, the stands followed a trajectory towards developing forest structure similar to the average reference condition. In contrast, the restoration treatment followed a developmental trajectory along the outside range of reference conditions. C1 [Pollock, Michael M.; Beechie, Timothy J.; Imaki, Hiroo] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pollock, MM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michael.pollock@noaa.gov NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 11 AR UNSP 98 DI 10.1890/ES12-00175.1 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IU UT WOS:000327304100006 ER PT J AU Steel, EA Tillotson, A Larsen, DA Fullerton, AH Denton, KP Beckman, BR AF Steel, E. Ashley Tillotson, Abby Larsen, Donald A. Fullerton, Aimee H. Denton, Keith P. Beckman, Brian R. TI Beyond the mean: The role of variability in predicting ecological effects of stream temperature on salmon SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; climate change; dams; degree days; egg incubation; emergence; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; phenology ID PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; WATER; RIVER; SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; RESPONSES; EVOLUTION; REGIMES; EMBRYOS AB Alterations in variance of riverine thermal regimes have been observed and are predicted with climate change and human development. We tested whether changes in daily or seasonal thermal variability, aside from changes in mean temperature, could have biological consequences by exposing Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) eggs to eight experimental thermal regimes. Thermal variance impacted both emergence timing and development at emergence. Further, genetics influenced the magnitude of that response. Ecological implications include: (1) changes in thermal variability, independent of warming, have the potential to alter the timing of life history processes, (2) the commonly-used degree day accumulation model is not sufficient to predict how organisms respond to altered temperature regimes, and (3) there are likely to be genetic differences in how individuals and populations respond to future water temperature regimes. C1 [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Tillotson, Abby; Larsen, Donald A.; Fullerton, Aimee H.; Denton, Keith P.; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 North 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM asteel@fs.fed.us FU NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC); REUT Division, NWFSC; Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX Funding was provided by NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) internal grants program. Supplemental project support was provided by the REUT Division, NWFSC, and the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Manuscript reviews by P. Bisson and P. Gould, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. We appreciate assistance of S. Luis, L. Vo, and B. Sanderson, NWFSC. We also thank C. Strom and staff, Yakima-Klickitat Fisheries Project, Cle Elum Supplementation and Research Facility, Cle Elum, WA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2012 VL 3 IS 11 AR UNSP 104 DI 10.1890/ES12-00255.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IU UT WOS:000327304100012 ER PT J AU Haney, S Bachman, S Cooper, B Kupper, S McCaffrey, K Van Roekel, L Stevenson, S Fox-Kemper, B Ferrari, R AF Haney, S. Bachman, S. Cooper, B. Kupper, S. McCaffrey, K. Van Roekel, L. Stevenson, S. Fox-Kemper, B. Ferrari, R. TI Hurricane wake restratification rates of one-, two- and three-dimensional processes SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The restratification of the cold wakes of Tropical Cyclones Fanapi, Frances, Igor and Katrina are examined based on derived scalings for processes that can restore the hurricane wake toward the pre-cyclone conditions. The different restoration processes depend on the parameters of the wake: depth, width, buoyancy anomaly and wind stress. The parameters needed are derived for each wake from satellite and climatological data. The scalings are based on model results and existing parameterizations, including air-sea heat fluxes (one-dimensional) Ekman buoyancy fluxes (two-dimensional) and mixed layer eddies (three-dimensional). The dominant surface restoration occurs by a combination of surface fluxes and Ekman buoyancy fluxes, while the submesoscale mixed layer eddy bolus fluxes are the dominant subsurface effect. C1 [Haney, S.; Bachman, S.; Cooper, B.; Kupper, S.; McCaffrey, K.; Van Roekel, L.; Fox-Kemper, B.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Haney, S.; Bachman, S.; McCaffrey, K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Van Roekel, L.] Northland Coll, Ashland, WI USA. [Stevenson, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fox-Kemper, B.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Ferrari, R.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Haney, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sean.r.haney@colorado.edu RI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007; Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013 OI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048; Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956 FU NSF [0934737, 0855010, 0825614]; NASA [NNX09AF38G, NNX09AO20H]; CIRES/ESRL fellowship; NSF REU [0913800]; University of Colorado Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program FX Useful discussions with Eric D'Asaro, Steve Jayne and Jim Price are recognized as improving this work. L. V-R., B. F-K. and S. H. were partially supported by NSF 0934737. B. F-K. was partially supported by NSF 0855010. B. F-K. and A. W. were partially supported by NASA NNX09AF38G. S. S. and S. B were partially supported by NASA NNX09AO20H. B. F-K., S. S. and S. B. were partially supported by NSF 0825614. K. M. was supported by a CIRES/ESRL fellowship. B. C. and S. K. were supported by NSF REU 0913800 and the University of Colorado Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 EI 1543-9542 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 70 IS 6 BP 824 EP 850 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V34AE UT WOS:000209058500003 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Alarcon, R Bales, MJ Bass, CD Beise, EJ Breuer, H Byrne, J Chupp, TE Coakley, KJ Dewey, MS Fu, C Gentile, TR Mumm, HP Nico, JS O'Neill, B Pulliam, K Thompson, AK Wietfeldt, FE AF Cooper, R. L. Alarcon, R. Bales, M. J. Bass, C. D. Beise, E. J. Breuer, H. Byrne, J. Chupp, T. E. Coakley, K. J. Dewey, M. S. Fu, C. Gentile, T. R. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. O'Neill, B. Pulliam, K. Thompson, A. K. Wietfeldt, F. E. TI A gamma- and X-ray detector for cryogenic, high magnetic field applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Avalanche photodiode; Bismuth germanate; Cold neutron; Neutron decay; Photon detection; Weak interactions ID AREA AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; NEUTRON BETA-DECAY; SCINTILLATION DETECTION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; BI4GE3O12; MODE AB As part of an experiment to measure the spectrum of photons emitted in beta-decay of the free neutron, we developed and operated a detector consisting of 12 bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals coupled to avalanche photodiodes (APDs). The detector was operated near liquid nitrogen temperature in the bore of a superconducting magnet and registered photons with energies from 5 keV to 1000 keV. To enlarge the detection range, we also directly detected soft X-rays with energies between 0.2 keV and 20 keV with three large area APDs. The construction and operation of the detector are presented, as well as information on operation of APDs at cryogenic temperatures. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bass, C. D.; Dewey, M. S.; Fu, C.; Gentile, T. R.; Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cooper, R. L.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alarcon, R.; O'Neill, B.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bales, M. J.; Chupp, T. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Beise, E. J.; Breuer, H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Byrne, J.] Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Coakley, K. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pulliam, K.; Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), NIST, Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roblcoop@indiana.edu; breuer@enp.umd.edu; thomas.gentile@nist.gov FU Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX We thank R. Farrell for numerous discussions about APD operation and properties and L.T. Hudson and R.M. Lindstrom for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 691 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2012.06.018 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 013PX UT WOS:000309318400009 ER PT J AU Chunnilall, CJ Lehman, JH Theocharous, E Sanders, A AF Chunnilall, C. J. Lehman, J. H. Theocharous, E. Sanders, A. TI Infrared hemispherical reflectance of carbon nanotube mats and arrays in the 5-50 mu m wavelength region SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID BLACK; DETECTOR AB We present the absolute infrared (5-50 mu m) hemispherical reflectance of films produced from commercially available carbon nanotubes. Spectra were obtained with the NPL directional-hemispherical reflectance measurement facility. One group of samples consisted of mats of carbon nanotubes sprayed on copper or silicon substrates. Another group consisted of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes grown on silicon. Two of the materials studied exhibited the lowest hemispherical reflectance so far observed in the infrared wavelength region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lehman, J. H.; Sanders, A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chunnilall, C. J.; Theocharous, E.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.lehman@boulder.nist.gov FU Department of Business, Innovation and Skills FX CJC & ET acknowledge the support of the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills. JHL thanks Dr. Gurpreet Singh of Kansas State University for the provision of BSiCN. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 14 BP 5348 EP 5350 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.07.014 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 007OV UT WOS:000308898900045 ER PT J AU Hanselman, DH Clark, WG Heifetz, J Anderl, DM AF Hanselman, Dana H. Clark, William G. Heifetz, Jonathan Anderl, Delsa M. TI Statistical distribution of age readings of known-age sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Known-age fish; Age reading errors; Geometric distribution; Misclassification matrix; Sablefish; Stock assessment ID AGING ERROR; OTOLITHS; MODELS; MISCLASSIFICATION; STOCK; FISH AB A mark-recapture experiment provided a collection of 172 known-age sablefish from Alaska waters. Otoliths from each fish were read by three readers. The readings have a positive bias among young fish and a negative bias among older fish. Among otoliths of the same age, some tended to give consistently high or low annulus counts, so that the variance of age readings at each true age was about half due to variance among otoliths and half due to variance among replicate readings of individual otoliths. The statistical distribution of age reading errors is well described by an asymmetrical two-sided geometric distribution with age-varying parameters. For comparison, the error distribution was estimated with naive methods that do not use the known ages and that assume the readings are unbiased. These estimated distributions do not match the actual error distributions very well, but they do a surprisingly good job of predicting the distribution of age readings from a stock assessment model's internal estimate of a true age composition. They also produce estimates of recruitment and biomass close to those obtained with the actual error distributions when used in the present sablefish stock assessment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hanselman, Dana H.; Heifetz, Jonathan] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Clark, William G.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Anderl, Delsa M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hanselman, DH (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM dana.hanselman@noaa.gov; wgclark@u.washington.edu; jon.heifetz@noaa.gov; delsa.anderl@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 131 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.004 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 007QP UT WOS:000308903500001 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, M Wang, JH Swimmer, Y Holland, K Kohin, S Dewar, H Wraith, J Vetter, R Heberer, C Martinez, J AF Hutchinson, Melanie Wang, John H. Swimmer, Yonat Holland, Kim Kohin, Suzanne Dewar, Heidi Wraith, James Vetter, Russ Heberer, Craig Martinez, Jimmy TI The effects of a lanthanide metal alloy on shark catch rates SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shark bycatch; Longline; Lanthanide metal; CPUE ID JUVENILE SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; RARE-EARTH-METAL; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; SANDBAR SHARKS; SPINY DOGFISH; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; ALOPIAS-VULPINUS; PACIFIC HALIBUT AB Bycatch of sharks in longline fisheries has contributed to declines in shark populations and prompted the need for exploring novel technologies to reduce the incidental capture of sharks. One potential strategy is to exploit the unique electrosensory system of sharks, used to detect weak electric fields. Metals from the lanthanide series, made up of neodymium (Nd) and praseodymium (Pr), produce strong electric fields in water. In this study, we tested the effects of an Nd/Pr alloy on shark catch rates. Using longline fishing gear, we compared the catch rates of baited hooks affixed with either a block of the metal alloy (experimental) or a lead weight (control). Four experiments were conducted in different regions of the Pacific Ocean. Two bottom longline experiments were conducted inside and offshore of Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. One of these experiments targeted young of the year scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini), while the other targeted sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier). In the Southern California Bight (SCB), pelagic longlines were deployed to target mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and blue sharks (Prionace glauca) and longlines targeting pelagic sharks were set in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) off Ecuador. There was a significant reduction in juvenile hammerhead sharks caught on hooks with the lanthanide metal compared to the controls. In contrast, there was no difference in the catch rates for experiments targeting sandbar sharks in Hawaii or those conducted in the SCB and Ecuador. These results suggest that there are inter-specific differences regarding the effects of lanthanide metals on catch rates. This may reflect the diverse feeding strategies and sensory modalities used by shark species for detecting and attacking prey. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hutchinson, Melanie; Holland, Kim] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Wang, John H.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swimmer, Yonat] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kohin, Suzanne; Dewar, Heidi; Wraith, James; Vetter, Russ] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Heberer, Craig] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Martinez, Jimmy] Subsecretaria Recursos Pesqueros ECUADOR, Planes Acc Nacl Conservac & Manejo Tiburones & Do, Manabi, America Del Sur, Ecuador. [Martinez, Jimmy] Subsecretaria Recursos Pesqueros ECUADOR, Proyecto Reducc Bycatch, Manabi, America Del Sur, Ecuador. RP Hutchinson, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM melanier@hawaii.edu FU NOAA PIFSC; University of Hawaii - JIMAR; NOAA Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program; WWF - Galapagos; PADI Foundation grant [2009-334] FX We would like to thank the Captain and crews of the F/V Southern Horizon, F/V Ventura II, and F/V Siempre Olayita. We would also like to thank Paul Rogers and the other volunteers and participants of these research cruises. Members of the Holland Lab at HIMB, including Jon Dale, Yannis Papastamtiou, Tom Tinhan, Austin Stankus, James Anderson, and all of our volunteers, deserve recognition for all of their time and effort in assisting with our fishing activities in Hawaii. We also thank Lianne McNaughton, T. Todd Jones, Alex Bartoli, Mariluz Parga, SUBMON, Pablo Guerrero, WWF - Galapagos, Daniel An, Simon Dalton and Eric Stroud for their help with this project. The authors would like to acknowledge Keith Bigelow, Christopher Boggs, Cara Empley, John Carlson and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and edits. Funding for this research was provided by NOAA PIFSC, University of Hawaii - JIMAR, NOAA Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program, WWF - Galapagos and PADI Foundation grant 2009-334. Animals used in this study were handled in accordance with the University of Hawaii's animal care protocols and were approved by IACUC protocol #08-623. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 131 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.006 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 007QP UT WOS:000308903500007 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Mueller, KW Brown-Peterson, NJ Davis, MH Booker, CJ AF Stoner, Allan W. Mueller, Karl W. Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Davis, Martha H. Booker, Catherine J. TI Maturation and age in queen conch (Strombus gigas): Urgent need for changes in harvest criteria SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Reproduction; Gastropod; Maturity; Age; Size; Bahamas; Legal harvest ID MARINE PROTECTED AREA; REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DETERMINATE GROWTH; SEXUAL-MATURITY; GENUS STROMBUS; SIZE; FISHERY; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE AB The queen conch (Strombus gigas) is a large economically important gastropod that has been severely depleted throughout much of the Caribbean region. The species has determinate growth and reaches maximum shell length before sexual maturation; thereafter the shell grows only in thickness. In this study, queen conch were collected in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas, to evaluate maturity with respect to shell length (SL) (170-255 mm) and shell lip thickness (LT) (2-42 mm). Soft tissue weight and gonad weight increased with SL, but these same variables, along with the gonadosomatic index (gonad weight/soft tissue weight), all had dome-shaped distributions with LT and decreased slightly with LT > 22 mm. This indicates some loss of fecundity with age; however, no loss of reproductive capability was evident in histological data. Gonad maturity lagged substantially behind first formation of the shell lip. Minimum LT for reproductive maturity was 12 mm for females and 9 mm for males, and 50% maturity for the population was achieved at 26 mm LT for females and 24 mm LT for males, higher than previous estimates. A review of fishing regulations indicates that immature queen conch are being harvested legally in most Caribbean nations, providing at least a partial explanation for widespread depletion. While relationships between shell lip thickness, age, and maturity vary geographically, sustainable management of queen conch will require a minimum shell lip thickness for harvest no less than 15 mm, along with other urgently needed management measures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Stoner, Allan W.] Community Conch, Waldport, OR 97394 USA. [Mueller, Karl W.] Lummi Indian Business Council, Lummi Nat Resources Dept, Bellingham, WA 98226 USA. [Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Davis, Martha H.] Community Conch, Littleton, CO 80121 USA. [Booker, Catherine J.] Community Conch, Savannah, GA 31405 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM allan.stoner@gmail.com FU Community Conch; Bahamas Department of Marine Resources (DMR) FX Funding for this project was provided by Community Conch and the Bahamas Department of Marine Resources (DMR), and we are also grateful to the Bahamas National Trust (BNT) and the Perry Institute for Marine Science for logistic and in-kind support at Warderick Wells and Lee Stocking Island, respectively. We are especially indebted to Michael Braynen and Lester Gittens (DMR) and Eric Carey (BNT) who were critical for institutional support. Robert Glazer and Gabriel Delgado assisted in the field design for the project, and they along with C. Bissada, D. Aldana-Aranda, and O. Avila-Poveda, participated in discussions about our approach to the study of queen conch maturity and management topics. A. McLean, A. Olson, M. Peyton, J. Stack, T. Thompson, M. Vandenrydt, A. Vellacott, and J. Wilchcombe all assisted in field operations. L. Bustamante performed all histological processing. We thank L. Rogers-Bennett for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 131 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.017 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 007QP UT WOS:000308903500011 ER PT J AU Mahboubi, H Momeni, A Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K Marbukh, V AF Mahboubi, Hamid Momeni, Ahmadreza Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Marbukh, Vladimir TI An Efficient Target Monitoring Scheme With Controlled Node Mobility for Sensor Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Energy-efficient strategies; mobile sensors; optimization; target monitoring; wireless sensor networks ID CROSS-LAYER OPTIMIZATION; WIRELESS NETWORKS; TRACKING; DESIGN; SURVEILLANCE; MANAGEMENT; DEPLOYMENT; COVERAGE; LIFETIME; ROBOTS AB This paper is concerned with target monitoring using a network of collaborative mobile sensors. The objective is to compute (online) the desired sensing and communication radii of sensors as well as their location at each time instant, such that a set of prescribed specifications are met. These specifications include end-to-end connectivity preservation from the target to a fixed destination, while durability of sensors is maximized and the overall energy consumption is minimized. The problem is formulated as a constrained optimization, and a procedure is presented to solve it. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Momeni, Ahmadreza] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran; Marbukh, Vladimir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; amomeni@unb.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov; Marbukh@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under Grant 70NANB8H8146. Recommended by Associate Editor M. Mesbahi. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1522 EP 1532 DI 10.1109/TCST.2011.2167151 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 993CU UT WOS:000307833600009 ER PT J AU Gadagkar, V Pratt, EJ Hunt, B Yamashita, M Graf, MJ Balatsky, AV Davis, JC AF Gadagkar, V. Pratt, E. J. Hunt, B. Yamashita, M. Graf, M. J. Balatsky, A. V. Davis, J. C. TI Generalized Rotational Susceptibility Studies of Solid He-4 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersolid helium; Generalized rotational susceptibility; Superglass; Torsional oscillator ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SUPERSOLID HE-4; SUPERFLUID; TRANSITION; OSCILLATIONS; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; HELIUM; PHASE; FILMS AB Using a novel SQUID-based torsional oscillator (TO) technique to achieve increased sensitivity and dynamic range, we studied TO's containing solid He-4. Below similar to 250 mK, the TO resonance frequency f increases and its dissipation D passes through a maximum as first reported by Kim and Chan. To achieve unbiased analysis of such He-4 rotational dynamics, we implemented a new approach based upon the generalized rotational susceptibility . Upon cooling, we found that equilibration times within f(T) and D(T) exhibit a complex synchronized ultraslow evolution toward equilibrium indicative of glassy freezing of crystal disorder conformations which strongly influence the rotational dynamics. We explored a more specific with tau(T) representing a relaxation rate for inertially active microscopic excitations. In such models, the characteristic temperature T (au) at which df/dT and D pass simultaneously through a maximum occurs when the TO angular frequency omega and the relaxation rate are matched: omega I"(T (au))=1. Then, by introducing the free inertial decay (FID) technique to solid He-4 TO studies, we carried out a comprehensive map of f(T,V) and D(T,V) where V is the maximum TO rim velocity. These data indicated that the same microscopic excitations controlling the TO motions are generated independently by thermal and mechanical stimulation of the crystal. Moreover, a measure for their relaxation times tau(T,V) diverges smoothly everywhere without exhibiting a critical temperature or velocity, as expected in omega I"=1 models. Finally, following the observations of Day and Beamish, we showed that the combined temperature-velocity dependence of the TO response is indistinguishable from the combined temperature-strain dependence of the He-4 shear modulus. Together, these observations imply that ultra-slow equilibration of crystal disorder conformations controls the rotational dynamics and, for any given disorder conformation, the anomalous rotational responses of solid He-4 are associated with generation of the same microscopic excitations as those produced by direct shear strain. C1 [Gadagkar, V.; Pratt, E. J.; Hunt, B.; Davis, J. C.] Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pratt, E. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hunt, B.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Yamashita, M.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Graf, M. J.; Balatsky, A. V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Graf, M. J.; Balatsky, A. V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Davis, J. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Davis, J. C.] UC Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. [Davis, J. C.] Univ St Andrews, Dept Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Davis, JC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jcseamusdavis@gmail.com RI Pratt, Ethan/E-8714-2011; Hunt, Benjamin/C-3395-2017 OI Hunt, Benjamin/0000-0002-5008-8042 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0806629, NSF PHY05-51164]; U.S. Department of Energy through LDRD [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We acknowledge and thank J. Beamish, D.M. Ceperley, M.W.H. Chan, A. Clark, J. Day, A. Dorsey, R.B. Hallock, H. Kojima, D.M. Lee, A.J. Leggett, E. Mueller, S. Nagel, D.R. Nelson, M. Paalanen, J. Parpia, N.V. Prokof'ev, J.D. Reppy, J. Saunders, J.P. Sethna, P.C.E. Stamp, B. Svistunov, and M. Troyer. These studies are supported by the National Science Foundation under grants DMR-0806629 and NSF PHY05-51164 (KITP); Work at Los Alamos was supported by U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-AC52-06NA25396 through LDRD. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 169 IS 3-4 BP 180 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0650-3 PN 2 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 012IM UT WOS:000309229800006 ER PT J AU Wei, WJ Greer, S Howard-Reed, C Persily, A Zhang, YP AF Wei, Wenjuan Greer, Sylvester Howard-Reed, Cynthia Persily, Andrew Zhang, Yinping TI VOC emissions from a LIFE reference: Small chamber tests and factorial studies SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE VOC emission; Reference material; Chamber; Furniture; Indoor air quality (IAQ) ID BUILDING-MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTS; HUMIDITY; IMPACT; AIR AB A liquid-inner tube diffusion-film-emission (LIFE) reference was developed to quickly evaluate the performance of a chamber system for furniture/building material VOC emission tests. The reference has a constant emission rate determined by an analytical balance at typical temperature and relative humidity conditions, and is able to provide predictable concentrations in a chamber testing system. A 51 L stainless steel chamber was used to test the LIFE reference's performance at an air temperature of 23 degrees C with 50% RH. Factorial studies of the LIFE reference's emission under various temperatures (10 degrees C, 23 degrees C and 30 degrees C) and relative humidities (33%, 50% and 70%) showed that the emission rate is sensitive to the chamber environment. A numerical regression equation was developed to describe the impact of chamber temperature, relative humidity and their interaction on the reference's emission, with the difference between prediction and testing results of less than 6% at 23 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wei, Wenjuan; Greer, Sylvester; Howard-Reed, Cynthia; Persily, Andrew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wei, Wenjuan; Zhang, Yinping] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Howard-Reed, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cynthia.reed@nist.gov RI Zhang, Yinping/B-5187-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50725620, 51106011]; Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (BMSTC) [D09050603750802] FX The participation of Wenjuan Wei and Yinping Zhang in this research was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 50725620, no. 51106011) and by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (BMSTC) (no. D09050603750802) projects. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 57 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.05.008 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 990GL UT WOS:000307618900028 ER PT J AU Wurstbauer, U Schiros, T Jaye, C Plaut, AS He, R Rigosi, A Gutierrez, C Fischer, D Pfeiffer, LN Pasupathy, AN Pinczuk, A Garcia, JM AF Wurstbauer, Ulrich Schiros, Theanne Jaye, Cherno Plaut, Annette S. He, Rui Rigosi, Albert Gutierrez, Christopher Fischer, Daniel Pfeiffer, Loren N. Pasupathy, Abhay N. Pinczuk, Aron Garcia, Jorge M. TI Molecular beam growth of graphene nanocrystals on dielectric substrates SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; LARGE-AREA; GRAPHITE; CARBON; FILMS; DEPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY AB We demonstrate the growth of graphene nanocrystals by molecular beam methods that employ a solid carbon source, and that can be used on a diverse class of large area dielectric substrates. Characterization by Raman and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies reveal a sp(2) hybridized hexagonal carbon lattice in the nanocrystals. Lower growth rates (below 0.5 angstrom/min) favor the formation of layered, larger size multi-layer graphene crystallites (up to 22 nm) on all investigated substrates. The surface morphology is determined by the roughness of the underlying substrate (RMS similar to 8 angstrom) and graphitic monolayer steps are observed by ambient scanning tunneling microscopy. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wurstbauer, Ulrich; He, Rui; Rigosi, Albert; Gutierrez, Christopher; Pasupathy, Abhay N.; Pinczuk, Aron; Garcia, Jorge M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Schiros, Theanne] Columbia Univ, Energy Frontier Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Plaut, Annette S.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [He, Rui] Univ No Iowa, Dept Phys, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. [Pfeiffer, Loren N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pinczuk, Aron] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Garcia, Jorge M.] IMM CNM CSIC, PTM, MBE Lab, E-28760 Madrid, Spain. RP Wurstbauer, U (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM uliw@phys.columbia.edu RI Garcia, Jorge M./B-5221-2008; Microelectronica de Madrid, Instituto de/D-5173-2013; OI Garcia, Jorge M./0000-0001-6906-6268; Microelectronica de Madrid, Instituto de/0000-0003-4211-9045; Gutierrez, Christopher/0000-0002-8307-6419 FU ONR [N000140610138]; AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0010]; EFRC Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control [DE-SC0001085]; NSF [CHE-0641523]; NYSTAR; CSIC-PIF [200950I154]; Spanish CAM (QC Light) [S2009ESP-1503]; Numancia 2 [S2009/ENE-1477]; Spanish MICINN [TEC2008-06756-C03-01, TEC2011-29120-C05-04, MAT2011-26534] FX The authors thank Philip Kim, Ursula Wurstbauer and Young-Jun Yu for fruitful discussions and help. This work is supported by ONR (N000140610138 and Graphene Muri), AFOSR (FA9550-11-1-0010), EFRC Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control (award DE-SC0001085), NSF (CHE-0641523), NYSTAR, CSIC-PIF (200950I154), Spanish CAM (Q&C Light (S2009ESP-1503), Numancia 2 (S2009/ENE-1477)) and Spanish MICINN (TEC2008-06756-C03-01, TEC2011-29120-C05-04, MAT2011-26534). Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for the purpose of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 13 BP 4822 EP 4829 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.008 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 005XT UT WOS:000308784100009 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Brown, CM Neumann, DA Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Rouleau, CM Hu, H Styers-Barnett, D Krasnov, PO Yakobson, BI AF Liu, Yun Brown, Craig M. Neumann, Dan A. Geohegan, David B. Puretzky, Alexander A. Rouleau, Christopher M. Hu, Hui Styers-Barnett, David Krasnov, Pavel O. Yakobson, Boris I. TI Metal-assisted hydrogen storage on Pt-decorated single-walled carbon nanohorns SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MECHANISTIC MODEL; SOLID C-60; SPILLOVER; ADSORPTION; NANOTUBES; CATALYSTS; PLATINUM; DYNAMICS AB The catalytic dissociation of hydrogen molecules by metal nanoparticles and spillover of atomic hydrogen onto various supports is a well-established phenomenon in catalysis. However, the mechanisms by which metal catalyst nanoparticles can assist in enhanced hydrogen storage on high-surface area supports are still under debate. Experimental measurements of metal-assisted hydrogen storage have been hampered by inaccurate estimation of atomically stored hydrogen deduced from comparative measurements between metal-decorated and undecorated samples. Here we report a temperature cycling technique combined with inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements of quantum rotational transitions of molecular H-2 to more accurately quantify adsorbed hydrogen aided by catalytic particles using single samples. Temperature cycling measurements on single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) decorated with 2-3 nm Pt nanoparticles showed 0.17% mass fraction of metal-assisted hydrogen storage (at approximate to 0.5 MPa) at room temperature. Temperature cycling of Pt-decorated SWCNHs using a Sievert's apparatus also indicated metal-assisted hydrogen adsorption of approximate to 0.08% mass fraction at 5 MPa at room temperature. No additional metal-assisted hydrogen storage was observed in SWCNH samples without Pt nanoparticles cycled to room temperature. The possible formation of C-H bonds due to spilled-over atomic hydrogen was also investigated using both INS and density functional theory calculations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yun; Brown, Craig M.; Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Geohegan, David B.; Puretzky, Alexander A.; Rouleau, Christopher M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hu, Hui] Chase Corp, Westwood, MA 02090 USA. [Styers-Barnett, David] Univ Indianapolis, Dept Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46227 USA. [Krasnov, Pavel O.; Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Krasnov, Pavel O.; Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Krasnov, Pavel O.] Siberian State Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Tomsk 660049, Russia. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yun.liu@nist.gov RI Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Krasnov, Pavel/B-7014-2017; OI Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Krasnov, Pavel/0000-0002-5843-0455 FU Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) through the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences at DOE; EERE Center of Excellence on Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence; independent research at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHaRE User Facility, Division of Scientific User Facilities, DOE-BES; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Work at NIST was partially supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) through the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. Synthesis science on carbon nanostructure growth was funded by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences at DOE. Characterization of SWCNHs was funded by EERE Center of Excellence on Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence and independent research at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHaRE User Facility, Division of Scientific User Facilities, DOE-BES. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated under the management of UT-Battelle, L.L.C. for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 57 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2012 VL 50 IS 13 BP 4953 EP 4964 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.028 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 005XT UT WOS:000308784100026 ER PT J AU Ates, S Sapienza, L Davanco, M Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Ates, Serkan Sapienza, Luca Davanco, Marcelo Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik TI Bright Single-Photon Emission From a Quantum Dot in a Circular Bragg Grating Microcavity SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Light-matter interaction; nanophotonics; semiconductor quantum dots; single-photon sources ID TIME-DOMAIN CALCULATION; LIGHT EXTRACTION; DEVICE AB Bright single-photon emission from single quantum dots (QDs) in suspended circular Bragg grating microcavities is demonstrated. This geometry has been designed to achieve efficient (> 50%) single-photon extraction into a near-Gaussian-shaped far-field pattern, modest (approximate to 10x) Purcell enhancement of the radiative rate, and a spectral bandwidth of a few nanometers. Measurements of fabricated devices show progress toward these goals, with collection efficiencies as high as approximate to 10% demonstrated with moderate spectral bandwidth and rate enhancement. Photon correlation measurements are performed under above-bandgap excitation (pump wavelength = 780 to 820 nm) and confirm the single-photon character of the collected emission. While the measured sources are all antibunched and dominantly composed of single photons, the multiphoton probability varies significantly. Devices exhibiting tradeoffs among collection efficiency, Purcell enhancement, and multiphoton probability are explored and the results are interpreted with the help of finite-difference time-domain simulations. Below-bandgap excitation resonant with higher states of the QD and/or cavity (pump wavelength = 860 to 900 nm) shows a near-complete suppression of multiphoton events and may circumvent some of the aforementioned tradeoffs. C1 [Ates, Serkan; Sapienza, Luca; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ates, Serkan; Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Ates, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serkan.ates@nist.gov; luca.sapienza@gmail.com; mdavanco@nist.gov; badolato@pas.rochester.edu; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015 FU University of Maryland; Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX Manuscript received December 18, 2011; revised March 18, 2012; accepted March 28, 2012. The work of S. Ates and M. Davanco was supported by the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology under Award 70NANB10H193. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1721 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2012.2193877 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 004FD UT WOS:000308664900012 ER PT J AU Daly, B Stoner, AW Eckert, GL AF Daly, Benjamin Stoner, Allan W. Eckert, Ginny L. TI Predator-induced behavioral plasticity of juvenile red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conditioning; Crypsis; Paralithodes camtschaticus; Predation; Predator avoidance ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CHEMICAL CUES; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; BLUE CRABS; ANTIPREDATOR MECHANISMS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; EUROPEAN LOBSTERS; STOCK ENHANCEMENT AB Predation and adaptations to avoid predation during early life stages have great potential to structure population dynamics and resultant community structure. Crypsis is the primary predator-avoidance mechanism for recently-settled red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus); however, it is unknown if this behavioral adaptation is innate or gained with experience. Hatchery-cultured individuals may be at a disadvantage once released into the wild if they have no experience with predators. We conducted experiments with Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and Pacific cod (Gad us macrocephalus) predators to determine if red king crab predator responses could be enhanced with experience. We exposed crabs to predators for 48 h either with limited exposure (chemical and visual cues only) or complete exposure (chemical, visual, and physical cues) and used video recordings to compare (1) crab crypsis, (2) crab survival, and (3) predator behavior (attack rates, capture success) among naive and experienced crabs. Halibut and cod exposure enhanced crab crypsis and survival, but only halibut exposure resulted in a significant effect. Crabs with limited and complete halibut exposure had higher initial crypsis, and both naive and conditioned crabs increased crypsis by the end of the experiment. Complete exposure initiated a stronger response compared to limited exposure. Physical interactions with predators are likely important to initiate enhanced avoidance responses. Halibut and cod attack rates and capture success did not vary when crabs had prior experience, but halibut were generally more successful at capturing prey than cod. Our results show that juvenile red king crabs respond to some predators by increasing their cryptic behavior and that this response may be enhanced with experience. For stock enhancement programs, exposing juveniles to predators in the hatchery prior to release may enhance predator avoidance and allow quick adaptation to the natural environment. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Daly, Benjamin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Daly, B (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 201 Railway Ave, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM ben.daly@alaska.edu FU Sea Grant Aquaculture grant FX This work was funded by a Sea Grant Aquaculture grant awarded to the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Crabs were cultured at the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery in Seward. AK, as part of the AKCRRAB (Alaska King Crab Research, Rehabilitation, and Biology) program. The authors would like to thank H. McCarty, R. Painter, J. Stephan, and L. Dochterman for helping with broodstock acquisition, J. Swingle for hatchery-rearing assistance, J. Hetrick for hatchery logistical support, C. Magel for video technical support, and S. Haines and M. Ottmar for assisting in laboratory trials, seawater systems, and crab care in Newport, OR. [SS] NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 429 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.06.010 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 999BA UT WOS:000308282900007 ER PT J AU Sharma, R AF Sharma, Renu TI Experimental set up for in situ transmission electron microscopy observations of chemical processes SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE In situ TEM; Environmental (scanning) transmission electron microscope (E(S)TEM); Catalysis; Nanowires; Nanotubes ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; NANOWIRE GROWTH; TEM; REDUCTION; CATALYSTS; PLATINUM; SYSTEM; FILM; NI AB Recently, the applications of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) related techniques have extended from ex situ nanoscale characterization of structure and chemistry of products to dynamic measurements of nanostructures during reaction processes. Commercially available modified TEM specimen holders and TEM columns are being routinely employed to follow the structural and chemical changes at elevated temperatures and even under controlled atmosphere. Experiments performed under these rigorous conditions require careful considerations to avoid undesirable effects from the gas impurities or contaminations from TEM grids and/or holders. The reactivity of sample, grid, holder, TEM components, and gaseous environments must be evaluated for each reaction process. This tutorial is aimed to outline some of the important factors that should be considered for experimental set up used for in situ observations to ensure the results are comparable to the ones obtained during ex situ experiments under identical conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM renu.sharma@nist.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 11 SI SI BP 1147 EP 1155 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2012.01.007 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 001HM UT WOS:000308451200011 PM 22622161 ER PT J AU Chee, SW Sharma, R AF Chee, See Wee Sharma, Renu TI Controlling the size and the activity of Fe particles for synthesis of carbon nanotubes SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE Carbon nanotubes; Catalyst activity; Electron beam induced deposition; In situ electron microscopy; Iron catalysts ID BEAM-INDUCED DEPOSITION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; FIELD-EMISSION; COBALT; VAPOR; FILMS AB The properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are controlled by their structure and morphology. Therefore, their selective synthesis, using catalytic chemical vapor deposition, requires precise control of a number of parameters including the size and activity of the catalyst nanoparticles. Previously, an environmental scanning transmission electron microscope (ESTEM) has been used to demonstrate that electron beam-induced decomposition (EBID) of Fe containing precursor molecules can be used to selectively deposit Fe catalyst nanoparticles that are active for CNT growth. We have extended these in situ ESTEM observations to further our understanding of the EBID parameters, such as deposition time, and substrate temperature, that control the size and placement of Fe catalyst particles for two precursors, namely diiron nonacarbonyl (Fe-2(CO)(9)) and ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)(2)). We found that the diameter of deposited particles increased with increasing deposition time. Electron energy-loss spectra, collected during deposition, show the incorporation of C in the Fe particles. The C content decreased as the substrate temperature was increased and was negligible at 100 degrees C for Fe-2(CO)(9). However, C and Fe were co-deposited at all temperatures (up to 450 degrees C) when Fe(C5H5)(2) was used as an iron source. After deposition, the substrate was heated to the CNT growth temperature in flowing hydrogen to remove the co-deposited C, which was an important step to activate the deposited Fe catalyst for the growth using acetylene. Our measurements revealed that the Fe nanoparticles fabricated from Fe-2(CO)(9) had higher activity for CNT growth compared to the ones fabricated using Fe(C5H5)(2). We also found that the co-deposited carbon could not be removed by heating in hydrogen in the case of Fe(C5H5)(2). The particles deposited from Fe(C5H5)(2) at 300 degrees C to 450 degrees C formed a core-shell structure with Fe surrounded by graphitic carbon. We speculate that the reduced activity for Fe(C5H5)(2) is due to the C content in the deposit. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chee, See Wee] Arizona State Univ, Leroy Eyring Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM see.wee.chee@gmail.com; renu.sharma@nist.gov RI Chee, See Wee/C-6052-2008 OI Chee, See Wee/0000-0003-0095-3242 FU NSF-CBET [0625340] FX The use of facilities in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also grateful for the assistance of Mr. Karl Weiss with the experiments, Mr. Timothy Karcher for fabricating the SiO2 samples and Mr. David Wright for preparing the precursors. Discussions with Prof Peter Crozier, Prof Peter Rez and Prof Michael Treacy are very much appreciated. Funding for this project is provided by NSF-CBET #0625340. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD NOV PY 2012 VL 43 IS 11 SI SI BP 1181 EP 1187 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2012.01.008 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 001HM UT WOS:000308451200015 PM 22349468 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Kazakov, AF Steele, WV AF Chirico, Robert D. Kazakov, Andrei F. Steele, William V. TI Thermodynamic properties of 9-fluorenone: Mutual validation of experimental and computational results SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Computational chemistry; Enthalpy of formation; Enthalpy of fusion; 9-Fluorenone; Heat capacity; Ideal-gas properties; Sublimation pressure; Triple point temperature; Vapor pressure ID 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; VAPOR-PRESSURE; ENTHALPIES; COMBUSTION; TEMPERATURES; THERMOCHEMISTRY; RECONCILIATION; PETROLEUM; NITROGEN; BENZENE AB Measurements leading to the calculation of thermodynamic properties for 9-fluorenone (IUPAC name 9H-fluoren- 9-one and Chemical Abstracts registry number [486-25-9]) in the ideal-gas state are reported. Experimental methods were adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, inclined-piston manometry, comparative ebulliometry, and combustion calorimetry. Critical properties were estimated. Molar entropies for the ideal-gas state were derived from the experimental studies at selected temperatures T between T = 298.15 K and T = 600 K, and independent statistical calculations were performed based on molecular geometry optimization and vibrational frequencies calculated at the B3LYP/6 - 31 + G(d,p) level of theory. Values derived with the independent methods are shown to be in excellent accord with a scaling factor of 0.975 applied to the calculated frequencies. This same scaling factor was successfully applied in the analysis of results for other polycyclic molecules, as described in recent articles by this research group. All experimental results are compared with property values reported in the literature. Thermodynamic consistency between properties is used to show that several studies in the literature are erroneous. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Phys Properties Res Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov FU Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program; National Oil and Related Programs (NORP) [DE-AC22-94C91008] FX We acknowledge the contributions of An (Andy) Nguyen in the vapor-pressure measurements, Norris K. Smith in the combustion study, I. Alex Hossenlopp in vapor- transfer of the samples prior to the physical property measurements, and Stephen E. Knipmeyer for maintenance of all apparatus. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for financial support of the experimental studies. This research was funded within the Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program. The experiments were completed through BDM-Oklahoma under its contract with DOE for Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs (NORP), Contract Number DE-AC22-94C91008. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 54 BP 278 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2012.05.003 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 975EZ UT WOS:000306491500038 ER PT J AU Silber, GK Vanderlaan, ASM Arceredillo, AT Johnson, L Taggart, CT Brown, MW Bettridge, S Sagarminaga, R AF Silber, Gregory K. Vanderlaan, Angelia S. M. Arceredillo, Ana Tejedor Johnson, Lindy Taggart, Christopher T. Brown, Moira W. Bettridge, Shannon Sagarminaga, Ricardo TI The role of the International Maritime Organization in reducing vessel threat to whales: Process, options, action and effectiveness SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE International Maritime Organization; Whale; Vessel; Ship; Strike; Risk ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; SHIP EMISSIONS; RISK; CETACEANS; MORTALITY; HABITAT; PROBABILITY; ENCOUNTERS; COLLISIONS; STRIKES AB Ocean-going vessels present a measurable threat of lethal collision with many marine species worldwide, notably large whale species of which many are endangered. Various modifications to conventional vessel operations have been recently used to reduce the threat. Some of the modifications have been instituted by coastal states as a result of their adoption by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) a specialized agency of the United Nations that is the recognized authority for international maritime shipping interests and their safety of navigation at sea. We describe the processes through which coastal states can approach the IMO to seek review and adoption of environmental conservation proposals involving international shipping. We also provide a description of vessel navigation modifications in specific geographic areas where IMO-adopted measures to protect large whales have been implemented there are only 10 such cases and we describe each. We then address the methods that can and have been used to assess the effectiveness of such measures. As weighed against the goals of the modifications by estimating the ensuing reduced risk to whales, actions taken are generally regarded as being successful in reducing the risk, but to varying degrees. We conclude that the IMO can be a powerful entity in providing solutions to a range of marine environmental and conservation problems. When used in concert with related efforts such as Mariner education, the IMO, and the range of navigational measures available to it, is an effective forum through which coastal states can pursue large whale conservation objectives without unduly compromising the activities of shipping interests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Silber, Gregory K.; Bettridge, Shannon] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Vanderlaan, Angelia S. M.; Taggart, Christopher T.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Vanderlaan, Angelia S. M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Arceredillo, Ana Tejedor; Sagarminaga, Ricardo] Nalon, KAI Marine Serv, Madrid 28240, Spain. [Johnson, Lindy] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Gen Counsel Off Int Law, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Brown, Moira W.] New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Brown, Moira W.] Canadian Whale Inst, Wilsons Beach, NB E5E 1Y2, Canada. [Sagarminaga, Ricardo] Nalon, ALNITAK Marine Environm Res Ctr, Madrid 28240, Spain. RP Silber, GK (reprint author), NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM greg.silber@noaa.gov NR 84 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.03.008 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 964VE UT WOS:000305724000004 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, CH Morzaria-Luna, H Kaplan, IC Levin, PS Fulton, EA Cudney-Bueno, R Turk-Boyer, P Torre, J Danemann, GD Pfister, T AF Ainsworth, C. H. Morzaria-Luna, H. Kaplan, I. C. Levin, P. S. Fulton, E. A. Cudney-Bueno, R. Turk-Boyer, P. Torre, J. Danemann, G. D. Pfister, T. TI Effective ecosystem-based management must encourage regulatory compliance: A Gulf of California case study SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Gulf of California; Atlantis ecosystem model; Marine protected area; Ecosystem based management; Compliance; Enforcement ID MARINE RESERVES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; PROTECTED AREAS; MODELS; MEXICO; CONSERVATION; CHALLENGES; KNOWLEDGE; TRENDS; ISSUES AB The Northern Gulf of California is an area important for small-scale fisheries in terms of economic activity and food security, but widespread non-compliance with fisheries regulations impedes effective management of resources and conservation efforts. Where a previous study evaluated quantitatively a theoretical situation in which all regulations are perfectly followed, this article compares a suite of recently proposed ecosystem-based management (EBM) policies against the expected benefits of full enforcement of current regulations. Policies evaluated include no-take marine protected areas (MPAs), breeding period closures, changes in hook size and fishing effort, and gear-specific spatial closures. No-take MPAs yield ecological benefits over a wide range of MPA sizes and characteristics, but do not increase overall catch. Seasonal closures are effective at reducing overfishing for the depleted leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea); changing the hook size of artisanal longlines does not increase catch of either the target species or the assemblage, and gear-specific fishery closures for crab traps near Puerto Penasco are effective at reducing overfishing of blue crab (Callinectes bellicosus and C. arcuatus). In general, full enforcement of existing regulations outperforms these EBM policies in terms of conservation benefits, but it may be less palatable to stakeholders as it requires major reductions in catch. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ainsworth, C. H.; Morzaria-Luna, H.] Marine Resources Assessment Grp MRAG Amer Inc, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kaplan, I. C.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Center, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Levin, P. S.; Fulton, E. A.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Div Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Cudney-Bueno, R.] David & Lucille Packard Fdn, St Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. [Turk-Boyer, P.] Ctr Intercultural Estudios Desiertos & Oceanos, Tucson, AZ 85733 USA. [Torre, J.] Comunidad Biodiversidad AC, Guaymas 85420, Sonora, Mexico. [Danemann, G. D.] Pronat Noroeste AC, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. [Pfister, T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environment, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ainsworth, CH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ainsworth@usf.edu RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008 OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917 NR 53 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1275 EP 1283 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.03.016 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 964VE UT WOS:000305724000009 ER PT J AU Zaluzhna, O Li, Y Allison, TC Tong, YYJ AF Zaluzhna, Oksana Li, Ying Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Inverse-Micelle-Encapsulated Water-Enabled Bond Breaking of Dialkyl Diselenide/Disulfide: A Critical Step for Synthesizing High-Quality Gold Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SIZE; DISULFIDES; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; SURFACES AB Inverse-micelle-encapsulated water formed in the two-phase Brust-Schiffrin method (BSM) synthesis of Au nanoparticles (NPs) is identified as essential for dialkyl diselenide/disulfide to react with the Au(III) complex in which the Se-Se/S-S bond is broken, leading to formation of higher-quality Au NPs. C1 [Zaluzhna, Oksana; Li, Ying; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tong, YYJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM yyt@georgetown.edu RI Li, Ying/B-9837-2013; Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008 OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3466-4115; Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X FU NSF [CHE-0923910]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER15895] FX The authors thank the UMD NISP lab for use of its TEM facility. The authors thank Allan Cardenas for assistance in EPR measurements. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This work has been funded by NSF (Grant CHE-0923910) and DOE (Grant DE-FG02-07ER15895). NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 43 BP 17991 EP 17996 DI 10.1021/ja3068758 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 029GT UT WOS:000310483500028 PM 23046420 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Karamchandani, P Glotfelty, T Streets, DG Grell, G Nenes, A Yu, FQ Bennartz, R AF Zhang, Yang Karamchandani, Prakash Glotfelty, Timothy Streets, David G. Grell, Georg Nenes, Athanasios Yu, Fangqun Bennartz, Ralf TI Development and initial application of the global-through-urban weather research and forecasting model with chemistry (GU-WRF/Chem) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ION-MEDIATED NUCLEATION; CHLORINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; REGIONAL AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; WRF MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; REACTIVE CHLORINE AB A unified model framework with online-coupled meteorology and chemistry and consistent model treatments across spatial scales is required to realistically simulate chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation-precipitation-climate interactions. In this work, a global-through-urban WRF/Chem model (i.e., GU-WRF/Chem) has been developed to provide such a unified model framework to simulate these important interactions across a wide range of spatial scales while reducing uncertainties from the use of offline-coupled model systems with inconsistent model treatments. Evaluation against available observations shows that GU-WRF/Chem is capable of reproducing observations with comparable or superior fidelity than existing mesoscale models. The net effect of atmospheric aerosols is to decrease shortwave and longwave radiation, NO2 photolysis rate, near-surface temperature, wind speed at 10-m, planetary boundary layer height, and precipitation as well as to increase relative humidity at 2-m, aerosol optical depths, column cloud condensation nuclei, cloud optical thickness, and cloud droplet number concentrations at all scales. As expected, such feedbacks also change the abundance and lifetimes of chemical species through changing radiation, atmospheric stability, and the rates of many meteorologically-dependent chemical and microphysical processes. The use of higher resolutions in progressively nested domains from the global to local scale notably improves the model performance of some model predictions (especially for chemical predictions) and also captures spatial variability of aerosol feedbacks that cannot be simulated at a coarser grid resolution. Simulated aerosol, radiation, and cloud properties exhibit small-to-high sensitivity to various nucleation and aerosol activation parameterizations. Representing one of the few unified global-through-urban models, GU-WRF/Chem can be applied to simulate air quality and its interactions with meteorology and climate and to quantify the impact of global change on urban/regional air quality across various spatial scales. C1 [Zhang, Yang; Glotfelty, Timothy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Karamchandani, Prakash] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. [Karamchandani, Prakash] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Grell, Georg] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Yu, Fangqun] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Bennartz, Ralf] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu RI Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Yu, Fangqun/F-3708-2011; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; OI Yu, Fangqun/0000-0003-0874-4883; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU EPA STAR [R83337601]; China's National Basic Research Program [2010CB951803]; NASA MAP; NSF CAREER FX This project is sponsored by the EPA STAR grant R83337601 and the China's National Basic Research Program (2010CB951803). AN acknowledges support from NASA MAP and NSF CAREER. Thanks are due to Mark Richardson at Caltech and William C. Skamarock at NCAR, for developing global WRF and sharing it with the community; William C. Skamarock at NCAR for helpful discussions; Louisa Emmons and Francis Vitt at NCAR for providing CAM4 and MOZART4 emissions; Christian Seigneur and Kristen Lohman, formerly at Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., for providing global mercury emissions; Jerome Fast, Steve Ghan, Richard Easter, and Rahul Zaveri at PNNL, for public release of PNNL's version of WRF/Chem; Ken Schere, Golam Sarwar, and Shawn Roselle, U. S. EPA, for providing CB05 and CB05Cltx and Shaocai Yu, U. S. EPA, for providing Fortran code for statistical calculations; and Jack Fishman and John K. Creilson at NASA LRC, for providing TOR data. Thanks are also due to the contributions of former and current members of the air quality forecasting laboratory at NCSU including Xin-Yu Wen, Ying Pan, Yao-Sheng Chen, Kai Wang, and Xin Zhang. NR 146 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D20206 DI 10.1029/2012JD017966 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 032BL UT WOS:000310686700001 ER PT J AU Hallas, AM Paddison, JAM Silverstein, HJ Goodwin, AL Stewart, JR Wildes, AR Cheng, JG Zhou, JS Goodenough, JB Choi, ES Ehlers, G Gardner, JS Wiebe, CR Zhou, HD AF Hallas, A. M. Paddison, J. A. M. Silverstein, H. J. Goodwin, A. L. Stewart, J. R. Wildes, A. R. Cheng, J. G. Zhou, J. S. Goodenough, J. B. Choi, E. S. Ehlers, G. Gardner, J. S. Wiebe, C. R. Zhou, H. D. TI Statics and dynamics of the highly correlated spin ice Ho2Ge2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; NEUTRON; HO2TI2O7 AB The pyrochlore Ho2Ge2O7 is a new highly correlated spin ice material. Physical property measurements, including x-ray diffraction, dc susceptibility, and ac susceptibility, confirm that it shares the distinctive characteristics of other known spin ices. Polarized neutron scattering measurements on a powder sample, combined with reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) refinements, give unique information about the spin ice state in Ho2Ge2O7. RMC refinements are used to fit the powder magnetic diffuse scattering and predict the single-crystal magnetic scattering of Ho2Ge2O7, demonstrating consistency with spin ice behavior. C1 [Hallas, A. M.; Silverstein, H. J.; Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Paddison, J. A. M.; Goodwin, A. L.] Univ Oxford, Inorgan Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. [Paddison, J. A. M.; Stewart, J. R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Wildes, A. R.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Cheng, J. G.; Zhou, J. S.; Goodenough, J. B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Choi, E. S.; Wiebe, C. R.; Zhou, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Zhou, H. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hallas, AM (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RI Cheng, Jinguang/A-8342-2012; Stewart, Ross/C-4194-2008; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016; Goodwin, Andrew/A-5256-2016; OI Stewart, Ross/0000-0003-0053-0178; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Goodwin, Andrew/0000-0001-9231-3749; Silverstein, Harlyn/0000-0002-7743-9842 FU NSERC; CFI; ACS Petroleum Fund; STFC; EPSRC [EP/G004528/2]; NSF [DMR-0654118, DMR-0904282, DMR-1122603]; State of Florida; Robert A. Welch Foundation [F-1066]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX A.M.H. is grateful to NSERC for funding and to the instrument scientists for technical support at the Institut Laue-Langevin. H.J.S. acknowledges support from NSERC through the Vanier and MGS programs. C. R. W. acknowledges support through NSERC, CFI, and the ACS Petroleum Fund. J.A.M.P. and A. L. G. acknowledge STFC and EPSRC (Grant No. EP/G004528/2) for funding. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF through the Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0654118 and the State of Florida. J.B.G. is grateful for financial support from NSF DMR-0904282, DMR-1122603, and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant No. F-1066). G. E. acknowledges funding by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 59 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 31 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 13 AR 134431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.134431 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 028PS UT WOS:000310435200004 ER PT J AU Knorr, DB Jaye, C Fischer, DA Shoch, AB Lenhart, JL AF Knorr, Daniel B., Jr. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Shoch, Andrew B. Lenhart, Joseph L. TI Manipulation of Interfacial Amine Density in Epoxy-Amine Systems as Studied by Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SILANE COUPLING AGENTS; ENERGY-ABSORPTION; POLYMER LAYERS; SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION; BALLISTIC IMPACT; CARBON-FIBERS; GLASS; COMPOSITES; ADHESION; IMMOBILIZATION AB In this work, we investigate the ability to tune the quantity of surface amine functional groups in the interfacial region of epoxy-diamine composites using NEXAFS, a technique that is extremely sensitive to surface composition. Thereby, we employ a model surface (silicon wafer with the native oxide present) and, after deposition of an epoxy functionalized silane, we immersed the wafers in various diamines, followed by reaction with a diepoxy acting as a molecular probe. These results show that the number of available surface amines depends on the diamine chosen, wherein smaller molecular weight diamines provide more reaction sites. Subsequent experiments with mixtures of diamines undergoing competitive adsorption show that the amine quantity can be tailored by choice of the diamine mixture. Further experiments of diamine treated 3-(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane layers in a reacting epoxy/diamine showed that the surface reaction site density differences observed for adsorption experiments persisted in the reacting epoxy, implying that the surface reaction rate (and by extension, the surface amine concentration) dictate interfacial cross-link density up to the point of gelation. C1 [Knorr, Daniel B., Jr.; Shoch, Andrew B.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM joseph.l.lenhart.civ@mail.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory FX Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 43 BP 15294 EP 15304 DI 10.1021/la3033786 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 029HB UT WOS:000310484300021 PM 23013540 ER PT J AU Feshitan, JA Boss, MA Borden, MA AF Feshitan, Jameel A. Boss, Michael A. Borden, Mark A. TI Magnetic Resonance Properties of Gd(III)-Bound Lipid-Coated Microbubbles and their Cavitation Fragments SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FOCUSED ULTRASOUND SURGERY; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; MRI CONTRAST AGENTS; DRUG-DELIVERY; IN-VIVO; MICE; SIZE; RELAXIVITY; THERAPY; FORCES AB Gas-filled microbubbles are potentially useful theranostic agents for magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRIgFUS). Previously, MRI at 9.4 T was used to measure the contrast properties of lipid-coated microbubbles with gadolinium (Gd(III)) bound to lipid headgroups, which revealed that the longitudinal molar relaxivity (r(1)) increased after microbubble fragmentation. This behavior was attributed to an increase in water proton exchange with the Gd(III)-bound lipid fragments caused by an increase in the lipid headgroup area that accompanied the lipid shell monolayer-to-bilayer transition. In this article, we explore this mechanism by comparing the changes in r(1) and its transverse counterpart, r(2)*, after the fragmentation of microbubbles consisting of Gd(III) bound to two different locations on the lipid monolayer shell: the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid headgroup region or the distal region of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at 1.5 T was used to measure the contrast properties of the various microbubble constructs because this is the most common field strength used in clinical MAL Results for the lipid-headgroup-labeled Gd(III) microbubbles revealed that r(1) increased after microbubble fragmentation, whereas r(2)* was unchanged. An analysis of PEG-labeled Gd(III) microbubbles revealed that both r(1) and r(2)* decreased after microbubble fragmentation. Further analysis revealed that the microbubble gas core enhanced the transverse MR signal (T-2*) in a concentration-dependent manner but minimally affected the longitudinal (T-1) signal. These results illustrate a new method for the use of NMR to measure the biomembrane packing structure and suggest that two mechanisms, proton-exchange enhancement by lipid membrane relaxation and magnetic field inhomogeneity imposed by the gas/liquid interface, may be used to detect and differentiate Gd(III)-labeled microbubbles and their cavitation fragments with MRI. C1 [Feshitan, Jameel A.; Borden, Mark A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Boss, Michael A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Borden, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mark.borden@colorado.edu FU NSF [CBET-1133687]; U.S. Government FX We thank John Drexler and Fredrick Luiszer of the Laboratory of Environmental and Geological Studies at the University of Colorado for their help with the ICP-MS sample characterization. Support was provided by NSF grant CBET-1133687. The identification of certain commercial equipment or materials mentioned in this article does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply that the equipment or materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This work was partially supported by the U.S. Government but is not protected by U.S. copyright. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 43 BP 15336 EP 15343 DI 10.1021/la303283y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 029HB UT WOS:000310484300025 PM 23045962 ER PT J AU Winterbottom, HR Uhlhorn, EW Chassignet, EP AF Winterbottom, Henry R. Uhlhorn, Eric W. Chassignet, Eric P. TI A design and an application of a regional coupled atmosphere-ocean model for tropical cyclone prediction SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; VERTICAL COORDINATE; DRAG COEFFICIENT; INTENSITY CHANGE; HURRICANE-OPAL; PART II AB The prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) track has improved greatly in recent decades due in part to the implementation and improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. However, the prediction of TC intensity using NWP models remains difficult. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the factors contributing to the TC intensity prediction errors and one of the leading candidates is the implication of an evolving sea-surface temperature (SST) boundary condition beneath the TC. In this study, a regional scale coupled atmosphere-ocean model is developed using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW) model and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). A coupling algorithm and a methodology to define appropriate ocean initial conditions are provided. Experiments are conducted, during the lifecycle of TC Ike (2008), using both the coupled-model and static (e.g., temporally fixed) SST to illustrate the impacts of the coupled-model for the TC track, intensity, and structure, as well as upon the larger (synoptic) scale. The results from this study suggest that the impact of the evolving SST (e.g., from a coupled atmosphere-ocean model) begin to impact the intensity, size, and thermodynamic structure for TC Ike (2008) at forecast lead-times beyond 48-hours. Further, the forecast trajectories (i.e., tracks) do not illustrate large differences between the non-coupled and coupled-models. Finally, the impact of the SST boundary condition upon TC Ike (2008) appears to be a function of the strength of the atmospheric forcing - in particular the size and intensity of the TC wind field. C1 [Winterbottom, Henry R.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Chassignet, Eric P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Winterbottom, HR (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM henry.winterbottom@noaa.gov RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 4 AR M10002 DI 10.1029/2012MS000172 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 032DU UT WOS:000310693300001 ER PT J AU Lindsey, DT Schmit, TJ MacKenzie, WM Jewett, CP Gunshor, MM Grassof, L AF Lindsey, Daniel T. Schmit, Timothy J. MacKenzie, Wayne M., Jr. Jewett, Christopher P. Gunshor, Mat M. Grassof, Louie TI 10.35 mu m: atmospheric window on the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager with less moisture attenuation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE GOES-R; Advanced Baseline Imager; satellite; infrared window; absorption; transmission; water vapor attenuation ID WATER-VAPOR; TRANSMITTANCE AB With the launch of GOES-R expected in 2015, research is currently under way to fully understand the characteristics of every channel on its Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The ABI will have two infrared (IR) window bands centered near 10.35 and 11.2 mu m. Since no broad-band space-borne sensor has a channel near 10.35 mu m, radiative transfer model simulations are used to study the clear-sky gaseous absorption properties in this wavelength range. It is shown that water vapor preferentially absorbs radiation at 11.2 mu m compared to 10.35 mu m, making the 10.35 mu m a "cleaner" window IR band. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063598] C1 [Lindsey, Daniel T.] CIRA CSU, NOAA NESDIS STAR RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS STAR ASPB, Madison, WI USA. [MacKenzie, Wayne M., Jr.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Jewett, Christopher P.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gunshor, Mat M.] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Grassof, Louie] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lindsey, DT (reprint author), CIRA CSU, NOAA NESDIS STAR RAMMB, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Dan.Lindsey@noaa.gov RI MacKenzie, Wayne/A-2123-2011; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI MacKenzie, Wayne/0000-0003-2121-3278; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA090AR4320074] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA090AR4320074. The authors would like to thank Drs. John Knaff and Don Hillger, as well as two anonymous reviewers, for providing insightful comments on this paper. We also thank the GOES-R Project Office. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063598 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063598 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 032GP UT WOS:000310702600002 ER PT J AU Lockwood, D Quay, PD Kavanaugh, MT Juranek, LW Feely, RA AF Lockwood, Deirdre Quay, Paul D. Kavanaugh, Maria T. Juranek, Lauren W. Feely, Richard A. TI High-resolution estimates of net community production and air-sea CO2 flux in the northeast Pacific SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; TIME-SERIES; SURFACE WATERS; OCEANIC WATERS; STATION ALOHA; UPTAKE RATIOS; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Rates of net community production (NCP) and air-sea CO2 flux in the Northeast Pacific subarctic, transition zone and subtropical regions (22 degrees N-50 degrees N, 145 degrees W-152 degrees W) were determined on a cruise in August-September 2008 by continuous measurement of surface values of the ratio of dissolved oxygen to argon (O-2/Ar) and the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)). These estimates were compared with simultaneous measurements of sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), flow cytometry, and discrete surface nutrient concentrations. NCP and CO2 influx were greatest in the subarctic (45 degrees N-50 degrees N, 25.8 +/- 4.6 and 4.1 +/- 0.9 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)) and northern transition zone (40 degrees N-45 degrees N, 17.1 +/- 4.4 and 2.1 +/- 0.5 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)), with mean NCP similar to 6-8x greater than mean CO2 invasion (error estimates reflect 1 sigma confidence intervals). Contrastingly, the southern transition zone (32 +/- N-40 degrees N) and subtropics (22 degrees N-32 degrees N) had lower mean NCP (5.4 +/- 1.8 and 8.1 +/- 2.1 mmol C m(-2) d(-1), respectively) and mean CO2 efflux (3.0 +/- 0.5 and 0.1 +/- 0.0 mmol C m(-2) d(-1), respectively). In the subarctic and transition zone, NCP was highly correlated with surface chl-a and CO2 influx, indicating strong coupling between the biological pump and CO2 uptake. Meridional trends in our NCP estimates in the transition zone and subtropics were similar to those for integrated summertime NCP along the cruise track determined using an upper ocean climatological carbon budget. C1 [Lockwood, Deirdre; Quay, Paul D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kavanaugh, Maria T.; Juranek, Lauren W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Juranek, Lauren W.; Feely, Richard A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Juranek, Lauren W.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lockwood, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM delockwood@gmail.com OI Kavanaugh, Maria/0000-0001-6126-6177 FU NSF FX This work was supported by a grant from NSF to P.D.Q., S. Emerson, R.F. and R. Letelier, and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (D.L.). We thank Mark Haught, Johnny Stutsman, Fran Janny and David Munro for field and laboratory assistance, and the captain and crew of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson. We are grateful to Steven Emerson, David Nicholson and an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful comments that helped us to improve the paper. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB4010 DI 10.1029/2012GB004380 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 032DJ UT WOS:000310692000001 ER PT J AU Foster, JL Skofronick-Jackson, G Meng, H Wang, JR Riggs, G Kocin, PJ Johnson, BT Cohen, J Hall, DK Nghiem, SV AF Foster, James L. Skofronick-Jackson, Gail Meng, Huan Wang, James R. Riggs, George Kocin, Paul J. Johnson, Benjamin T. Cohen, Judah Hall, Dorothy K. Nghiem, Son V. TI Passive microwave remote sensing of the historic February 2010 snowstorms in the Middle Atlantic region of the USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snowfall; historical; microwave; AMSR-E; AMSU-B; MHS ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; SOUNDING UNIT; DEPTH; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHM; RADIOMETRY; VAPOR; LAND AB The snowfall in the Baltimore/Washington metropolitan area during the winter of 2009/2010 was unprecedented and caused serious snow-related disruptions. In February 2010, snowfall totals approached 2?m, and because maximum temperatures were consistently below normal, snow remained on the ground the entire month. One of the biggest contributing factors to the unusually severe winter weather in 2009/2010, throughout much of the middle latitudes, was the Arctic Oscillation. Unusually high pressure at high latitudes and low pressure at middle latitudes forced a persistent exchange of mass from north to south. In this investigation, a concerted effort was made to link remotely sensed falling snow observations to remotely sensed snow cover and snowpack observations in the Baltimore/Washington area. Specifically, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer onboard the Aqua satellite was used to assess snow water equivalent, and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B and Microwave Humidity Sounder were employed to detect falling snow. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer passive microwave signatures in this study are related to both snow on the ground and surface ice layers. In regard to falling snow, signatures indicative of snowfall can be observed in high frequency brightness temperatures of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B and Microwave Humidity Sounder. Indeed, retrievals show an increase in snow water equivalent after the detection of falling snow. Yet, this work also shows that falling snow intensity and/or the presence of liquid water clouds impacts the ability to reliably detect snow water equivalent. Moreover, changes in the condition of the snowpack, especially in the surface features, negatively affect retrieval performance. Copyright (C) 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Foster, James L.; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail; Johnson, Benjamin T.; Hall, Dorothy K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Meng, Huan; Wang, James R.; Kocin, Paul J.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [Johnson, Benjamin T.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Nghiem, Son V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wang, James R.; Riggs, George] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Cohen, Judah] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP Foster, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM James.L.Foster@nasa.gov RI Skofronick-Jackson, Gail/D-5354-2012; Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Johnson, Benjamin/E-8557-2015 OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Johnson, Benjamin/0000-0003-3444-9669 FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology; Precipitation Measurement Missions Programs; National Science Foundation [ARC-0909459, ARC-0909457] FX The authors are most appreciative of the referees' efforts in helping to make this a stronger paper. We are also grateful to Dr Richard Kelly (University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada) for his helpful comments. Research carried out at JPL and GSFC was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology and also the Precipitation Measurement Missions Programs. Quality Controlled Local Climatological Data snow accumulation observations are from NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and AMSU-B/MHS data from the CLASS data system. Judah Cohen is supported by the National Science Foundation grants ARC-0909459 and ARC-0909457. Research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and at the Goddard Space Flight Center was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology and also the Precipitation Measurement Missions Programs. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 22 BP 3459 EP 3471 DI 10.1002/hyp.8418 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 019RG UT WOS:000309756400016 ER PT J AU Abutaleb, MO Pushin, DA Huber, MG Majkrzak, CF Arif, M Cory, DG AF Abutaleb, M. O. Pushin, D. A. Huber, M. G. Majkrzak, C. F. Arif, M. Cory, D. G. TI Design of remnant magnetization FeCoV films as compact, heatless neutron spin rotators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY; SCATTERING; SUPERPOSITION; MULTILAYERS AB We introduce a design of a neutron spin rotator for applications with space and temperature constraints. These passive devices employ remnant magnetization FeCoV thin films and can be tuned experimentally to achieve arbitrary rotation of an incident neutron with a known spin state. Polarized neutron reflectometry measurements are reported for FeCoV monolayer films at thicknesses of 0.5 mu m and 5.3 mu m to characterize the depth-dependent vector magnetization in the films. Results for a prototype set of film rotators are presented, and the stray field near such films is characterized. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4765069] C1 [Abutaleb, M. O.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pushin, D. A.; Cory, D. G.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Huber, M. G.; Majkrzak, C. F.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cory, D. G.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. RP Abutaleb, MO (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM abutaleb@alum.mit.edu OI Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403 FU Canada Excellence Research Chairs; NIST Center for Neutron Research; National Science Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Canada Excellence Research Chairs and the NIST Center for Neutron Research, useful discussions with R. Pynn and G.-X. Miao, and use of permalloy films from M. Th. Rekveldt and R. Pynn for exploratory tests. MOA acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 18 AR 182404 DI 10.1063/1.4765069 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 036XB UT WOS:000311064500036 ER PT J AU Ghosh, B Papanastasiou, DK Burkholder, JB AF Ghosh, Buddhadeb Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K. Burkholder, James B. TI Oxalyl chloride, ClC(O)C(O)Cl: UV/vis spectrum and Cl atom photolysis quantum yields at 193, 248, and 351 nm SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-REACTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; NITROSYL HALIDES; AB-INITIO; PHOTODISSOCIATION; KINETICS; RADICALS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; (CLCO)(2) AB Oxalyl chloride, (ClCO)(2), has been used as a Cl atom photolytic precursor in numerous laboratory kinetic and photochemical studies. In this study, the UV/vis absorption spectrum of (ClCO)(2) and the Cl atom quantum yields in its photolysis at 193, 248, and 351 nm are reported. The UV/vis spectrum was measured between 200 and 450 nm at 296 K using diode array spectroscopy in conjunction with an absolute cross section obtained at 213.9 nm. Our results are in agreement with the spectrum reported by Baklanov and Krasnoperov [J. Phys. Chem. A 105, 97-103 (2001)], which was obtained at 11 discrete wavelengths between 193.3 and 390 nm. Cl atom quantum yields, Phi(lambda), were measured using pulsed laser photolysis coupled with time resolved atomic resonance fluorescence detection of Cl. The UV photolysis of (ClCO)(2) has been shown in previous studies to occur via an impulsive three-body dissociation mechanism, (COCl)(2) + hv -> ClCO* + Cl + CO (2), where the excited ClCO radical, ClCO*, either dissociates or stabilizes ClCO* -> Cl + CO (3a), -> ClCO (3b). ClCO is thermally unstable at the temperatures (253-298 K) and total pressures (13-128 Torr) used in our experiments ClCO + M. Cl + CO + M (4) leading to the formation of a secondary Cl atom that was resolvable in the Cl atom temporal profiles obtained in the 248 and 351 nm photolysis of (ClCO)(2). Phi (193 nm) was found to be 2.07 +/- 0.37 independent of bath gas pressure (25.8-105.7 Torr, N-2), i.e., the branching ratio for channel 2a or the direct formation of 2Cl + 2CO in the photolysis of (ClCO)(2) is >0.95. At 248 nm, the branching ratio for channel 2a was determined to be 0.79 +/- 0.15, while the total Cl atom yield, i.e., following the completion of reaction (4), was found to be 1.98 +/- 0.26 independent of bath gas pressure (15-70 Torr, N-2). Phi (351 nm) was found to be pressure dependent between 7.8 and 122.4 Torr (He, N-2). The low-pressure limit of the total Cl atom quantum yield, Phi(0) (351 nm), was 2.05 +/- 0.24. As part of this work, rate coefficients for the thermal decomposition of ClCO were measured between 253 and 298 K at total pressures between 13 and 128 Torr (He and N-2 bath gases). The N-2 bath gas results were combined with the data reported in Nicovich et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 92, 3539-3544 (1990)] to yield k(4)(T, N-2) = (4.7 +/- 0.7) x 10(-10) exp [-(2987 +/- 16)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), while the He bath gas data fit yielded k(4)(T, He) = (2.3 +/- 2.1) x 10(-10) exp [-(2886 +/- 218)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainties are at the 2 sigma level from the precision of the fit. In addition, the room temperature rate coefficient for the Cl + ClNO reaction was measured in this work to be (1.03 +/- 0.10) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4755769] C1 [Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X; FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 16 AR 164315 DI 10.1063/1.4755769 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 034ES UT WOS:000310853800031 PM 23126718 ER PT J AU Yeo, M Simon, CG Kim, G AF Yeo, MyungGu Simon, Carl G., Jr. Kim, GeunHyung TI Effects of offset values of solid freeform fabricated PCL-beta-TCP scaffolds on mechanical properties and cellular activities in bone tissue regeneration SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FREE-FORM FABRICATION; PORE-SIZE; IN-VIVO; DIFFERENTIATION; DESIGN AB Scaffolds used in bone tissue regeneration should have highly porous micro-architecture. In addition, they should have high mechanical properties and be biodegradable and biocompatible. In this respect, the solid freeform fabricated PCL-beta-TCP scaffold has been widely applied in bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we designed PCL-beta-TCP (20 wt%) scaffolds with various offset values, so that the fabricated scaffolds showed five different pore sizes that were dependent on the offset value (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), which showed very similar porosity (about 62%), a square pore shape, and 100% pore interconnectivity. The fabricated scaffolds were assessed not only for physical properties, including calculated bending modulus and water-uptake ability, but also for biological capabilities by culturing osteoblast-like cells (MG63) for various offset values of the scaffolds. Compared with the no-offset scaffolds, the offset scaffolds (especially those with offset values of 50% and 100%) showed superior physical and biological improvements, such as higher bending modulus (maximum increase of 7%), cell-seeding efficiency, cell viability (increase of about 60%), ALP activity (increase of about 50%), and calcium deposition. C1 [Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yeo, MyungGu; Kim, GeunHyung] Chosun Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn, Kwangju 501759, South Korea. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov; gkim@chosun.ac.kr NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD OCT 28 PY 2012 VL 22 IS 40 BP 21636 EP 21646 DI 10.1039/c2jm31165h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 020YL UT WOS:000309852400041 ER PT J AU Arenas, DJ Jegorel, T Knab, C Gasparov, LV Martin, C Pajerowski, DM Kohno, H Lufaso, MW AF Arenas, D. J. Jegorel, Theo Knab, Chris Gasparov, L. V. Martin, C. Pajerowski, Daniel M. Kohno, Hideo Lufaso, Michael W. TI Raman spectroscopy evidence of inhomogeneous disorder in the bismuth-oxygen framework of Bi25InO39 and other sillenites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; THIN-FILMS; BI12SIO20; BI12TIO20; OXIDE; BI12GEO20; SI AB We report the room-temperature Raman spectra of polycrystalline Bi25InO39 for the first time along with the spectrum of Bi25FeO39. Both samples were synthesized by the conventional solid state method. The spectra of these compounds are remarkably similar to each other and those of other sillenites. A comparison of these sillenites, and others reported in the literature, shows that the Bi-O modes soften for compounds with larger (ionic radii) M cations. The widths of the modes increase for the compounds with larger M cations: the increase in width is attributed to inhomogeneous disorder in deviations of the Bi-O bond lengths across different unit cells. The results show that large M cations affect the Bi-O framework around the tetrahedron. The parameters of each Raman mode were obtained by fitting the spectral lines to a Lorentzian oscillator model, and the modes were assigned to symmetry-allowed vibrations of the I23 space group. C1 [Arenas, D. J.; Jegorel, Theo; Knab, Chris; Gasparov, L. V.] Univ N Florida, Dept Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Jegorel, Theo] Univ Technol Troyes, CNRS, UMR 6279, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt, F-10010 Troyes, France. [Martin, C.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pajerowski, Daniel M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohno, Hideo] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Lufaso, Michael W.] Univ N Florida, Dept Chem, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Arenas, DJ (reprint author), Univ N Florida, Dept Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RI Lufaso, Michael/A-8400-2009; OI Lufaso, Michael/0000-0001-7842-6982; Gasparov, Lev/0000-0003-1609-3363; Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0805073, DMR-0958349]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0133]; Japan Chemical Innovation Institute; Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-driven R&D, Japan Science and Technology Agency; UNF FX This work was supported in party by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants DMR-0805073, DMR-0958349, and the Office of Naval Research award N00014-06-1-0133. Also supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid from Japan Chemical Innovation Institute, and also by Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-driven R&D, Japan Science and Technology Agency. MWL acknowledges UNF for the Munoz fellowship. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 14 AR 144116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.144116 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 026FK UT WOS:000310259800003 ER PT J AU Popescu, A Haney, PM AF Popescu, Adrian Haney, Paul M. TI Effects of phase-breaking scattering on the thermopower of molecular systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-INTERFERENCE; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; JUNCTIONS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; TRANSPORT AB We study the effects of elastic and inelastic scattering on the thermoelectric transport properties of molecular systems. These systems can exhibit high thermopower due to resonant transmission through molecular orbitals. We focus on systems which exhibit suppressed conductance near transmission antiresonances due to quantum interference. For coherent electronic transport, these antiresonances also lead to very high thermopower. We find that elastic and inelastic scattering reduces the thermopower and that this reduction is more severe for larger molecules and for molecules which are more weakly coupled to the leads. C1 [Popescu, Adrian; Haney, Paul M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Popescu, Adrian] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Popescu, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Popescu, Adrian/E-7305-2010 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX A. P. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 15 AR 155452 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.155452 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 026FL UT WOS:000310259900008 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Phinney, KW Sander, LC Schantz, MM AF Wise, Stephen A. Phinney, Karen W. Sander, Lane C. Schantz, Michele M. TI Role of chromatography in the development of Standard Reference Materials for organic analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE Standard Reference Material (SRM); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); Carotenoids; Chromatographic selectivity ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYSILOXANE STATIONARY PHASES; CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; COLUMN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; DIESEL PARTICULATE MATTER; REFERENCE MATERIALS SRMS AB The certification of chemical constituents in natural-matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) can require the use of two or more independent analytical methods. The independence among the methods is generally achieved by taking advantage of differences in extraction, separation, and detection selectivity. This review describes the development of the independent analytical methods approach at NIST, and its implementation in the measurement of organic constituents such as contaminants in environmental materials, nutrients and marker compounds in food and dietary supplement matrices, and health diagnostic and nutritional assessment markers in human serum. The focus of this review is the important and critical role that separation science techniques play in achieving the necessary independence of the analytical steps in the measurement of trace-level organic constituents in natural matrix SRMs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wise, Stephen A.; Phinney, Karen W.; Sander, Lane C.; Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov NR 104 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 26 PY 2012 VL 1261 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.093 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 022VC UT WOS:000309990900002 PM 22721765 ER PT J AU Murray, JA AF Murray, Jacolin A. TI Qualitative and quantitative approaches in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE Two-dimensional gas chromatography; GC x GC; Targeted analysis; Non-targeted analysis; Group analysis; Fingerprinting analysis ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; GC X GC; QUADRUPOLE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-DESORPTION MODULATOR; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SULFUR-CONTAINING-COMPOUNDS; FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION; HEAVY PETROLEUM FRACTIONS AB Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) offers advantages over one-dimensional gas chromatography (GC) including, high peak capacity, signal enhancement, and structured chromatograms. These advantages have been exploited to solve several analytical problems that are difficult to achieve in GC. In this review, qualitative and quantitative approaches of GC x GC are explored, including targeted, non-targeted, group, and fingerprinting analysis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Murray, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jacolin.murray@nist.gov NR 131 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 107 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 26 PY 2012 VL 1261 BP 58 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.012 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 022VC UT WOS:000309990900006 PM 22647189 ER PT J AU Sugihara, G May, R Ye, H Hsieh, CH Deyle, E Fogarty, M Munch, S AF Sugihara, George May, Robert Ye, Hao Hsieh, Chih-hao Deyle, Ethan Fogarty, Michael Munch, Stephan TI Detecting Causality in Complex Ecosystems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; PACIFIC SARDINE; ANCHOVY POPULATIONS; TIME-SERIES; FLUCTUATIONS; DYNAMICS; CHAOS; SYSTEMS AB Identifying causal networks is important for effective policy and management recommendations on climate, epidemiology, financial regulation, and much else. We introduce a method, based on nonlinear state space reconstruction, that can distinguish causality from correlation. It extends to nonseparable weakly connected dynamic systems (cases not covered by the current Granger causality paradigm). The approach is illustrated both by simple models (where, in contrast to the real world, we know the underlying equations/relations and so can check the validity of our method) and by application to real ecological systems, including the controversial sardine-anchovy-temperature problem. C1 [Sugihara, George; Ye, Hao; Deyle, Ethan] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [May, Robert] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Fogarty, Michael] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Munch, Stephan] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Sugihara, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gsugihara@ucsd.edu; chsieh@ntu.edu.tw RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008; OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272; Ye, Hao/0000-0002-8630-1458 FU NSF [DEB-1020372]; NSF/NOAA CAMEO Award [NA08OAR4320894]; McQuown Chair in Natural Science; Sugihara Family Trust; National Taiwan University; National Science Council of Taiwan; NSF graduate research fellowships; EPA STAR graduate fellowship FX We thank S. Sandin, L. Kaufman, A. MacCall, J. Melack, J. Schnute, L. Richards, A. Rosenberg, M. Kumagai, H. Liu, I. Altman, B. Fissel, S. Glaser, B. Carr, E. Klein, L. Storch, S. Kealhofer, M. Kogler, and C. Perretti for their comments and assistance with this work, and P. Sugihara for developing and producing the initial animations for movies S1 and S2. Supported by NSF grant DEB-1020372, NSF/NOAA CAMEO Award NA08OAR4320894, the McQuown Chair in Natural Science, the Sugihara Family Trust, and Quantitative Advisors (http://qadvisors.com) (G. S.); National Taiwan University and the National Science Council of Taiwan (C. H.); NSF graduate research fellowships (H.Y. and E. D.); and an EPA STAR graduate fellowship (E.D.). NR 30 TC 204 Z9 210 U1 22 U2 235 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 26 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6106 BP 496 EP 500 DI 10.1126/science.1227079 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 025NH UT WOS:000310195800049 PM 22997134 ER PT J AU Godin, OA Fuks, IM AF Godin, Oleg A. Fuks, Iosif M. TI Transmission of acoustic-gravity waves through gas-liquid interfaces SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE air/sea interactions; surface gravity waves; wave scattering ID LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-WAVE; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; UNDERWATER SOURCE; STONELEY-SCHOLTE; PROPAGATION; OCEAN; WATER; LAMB; TEMPERATURE AB It was demonstrated recently that gas-liquid interfaces, which are usually almost perfect reflectors of acoustic waves, become anomalously transparent, and the power flux in the wave transmitted into the gas increases dramatically, when a compact sound source in the liquid approaches the interface within a fraction of the wavelength (Godin, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 97, 2006 b, 164301). Powerful underwater explosions and certain natural sources, such as underwater landslides, generate very low-frequency waves in water and air, for which fluid buoyancy and compressibility simultaneously serve as restoring forces. In this paper, analysis of sound transmission through gas-liquid interfaces is extended to acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) and applied to the air-water interface. It is found that, as for sound, the interface becomes anomalously transparent for sufficiently shallow compact sources of AGWs. Depending on the source type, the increase of a wave power flux into gas due to diffraction effects can reach several orders of magnitude. The physical mechanisms responsible for the anomalous transparency are discussed. Excitation of an interface wave by a point source in the liquid is shown to be an important channel of AGW transmission into the gas, which has no counterpart in the case of sound. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.; Fuks, Iosif M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuks, Iosif M.] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU U.S. Navy under STTR [N06-T002] FX Stimulating discussions with B. Cornuelle, V. V. Goncharov, C. W. Holland, L. A. Ostrovsky and A. G. Voronovich and helpful suggestions of three anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. This research has been supported in part by the U.S. Navy under STTR contract N06-T002. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 709 BP 313 EP 340 DI 10.1017/jfm.2012.336 PG 28 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 019ET UT WOS:000309720600012 ER PT J AU Venaille, A Vallis, GK Griffies, SM AF Venaille, A. Vallis, G. K. Griffies, S. M. TI The catalytic role of the beta effect in barotropization processes SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE geostrophic turbulence; quasi-geostrophic flows; turbulence theory ID STATISTICAL EQUILIBRIUM STATES; PERFECT FLUID-DYNAMICS; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; NONLINEAR STABILITY; BAROCLINIC FLOWS; MIDOCEAN EDDIES; MECHANICS; TOPOGRAPHY; ENERGY AB The vertical structure of freely evolving, continuously stratified, quasi-geostrophic flow is investigated. We predict the final state organization, and in particular its vertical structure, using statistical mechanics and these predictions are tested against numerical simulations. The key role played by conservation laws in each layer, including the fine-grained enstrophy, is discussed. In general, the conservation laws, and in particular that enstrophy is conserved layer-wise, prevent complete barotropization, i.e. the tendency to reach the gravest vertical mode. The peculiar role of the beta effect, i.e. of the existence of planetary vorticity gradients, is discussed. In particular, it is shown that increasing beta increases the tendency toward barotropization through turbulent stirring. The effectiveness of barotropization may be partially parameterized using the Rhines scale 2 pi E-0(1/4)/beta(1/2). As this parameter decreases (beta increases) then barotropization can progress further, because the beta term provides enstrophy to each layer. However, if the beta effect is too large then the statistical mechanical predictions fail and wave dynamics prevent complete barotropization. C1 [Venaille, A.; Vallis, G. K.; Griffies, S. M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Venaille, A.] ENS Lyon, Phys Lab, F-69007 Lyon, France. RP Venaille, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM antoine.venaille@ens-lyon.org FU DoE [DE-SC0005189]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320752] FX This work was supported by DoE grant DE-SC0005189 and NOAA grant NA08OAR4320752. The authors sincerely thank P. Rhines and two other reviewers for their very helpful comments provided during the review process. The authors also warmly thank F. Bouchet and J. Sommeria for fruitful discussions, and K. S. Smith for sharing his QG code. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD OCT 25 PY 2012 VL 709 BP 490 EP 515 DI 10.1017/jfm.2012.344 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 019ET UT WOS:000309720600018 ER PT J AU Helmig, D Boylan, P Johnson, B Oltmans, S Fairall, C Staebler, R Weinheimer, A Orlando, J Knapp, DJ Montzka, DD Flocke, F Friess, U Sihler, H Shepson, PB AF Helmig, Detlev Boylan, Patrick Johnson, Bryan Oltmans, Sam Fairall, Chris Staebler, Ralf Weinheimer, Andrew Orlando, John Knapp, David J. Montzka, Denise D. Flocke, Frank Friess, Udo Sihler, Holger Shepson, Paul B. TI Ozone dynamics and snow-atmosphere exchanges during ozone depletion events at Barrow, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTH-POLE; SURFACE; BROMINE; ALERT; DEPOSITION; GREENLAND; SUMMIT; SHEBA; OXIDE AB The behavior of lower atmospheric ozone and ozone exchanges at the snow surface were studied using a suite of platforms during the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snow (OASIS) Spring 2009 experiment at an inland, coastal site east of Barrow, Alaska. A major objective was to investigate if and how much chemistry at the snow surface at the site contributes to springtime ozone depletion events (ODEs). Between March 8 and April 16, seven ODEs, with atmospheric ozone dropping below 1.0 ppbv, were observed. The depth of the ozone-depleted layer was variable, extending from the surface to similar to 200-800 m. ODEs most commonly occurred during low wind speed conditions with flow coming from the Arctic Ocean. Two high-sensitivity ozone chemiluminescence instruments were used to accurately define the remaining sub-ppbv ozone levels during ODEs. These measurements showed variable residual ODE ozone levels ranging between 0.010 and 0.100 ppbv. During the most extended ODE, when ozone remained below 1.0 ppbv for over 78 h, these measurements showed a modest ozone recovery or production in the early afternoon hours, resulting in increases in the ozone mixing ratio of 0.100 to 0.800 ppbv. The comparison between high-sensitivity ozone measurements and BrO measured by longpath differential absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) during ODEs indicated that at low ozone levels formation of BrO is controlled by the amount of available ozone. Measurements of ozone in air drawn from below the snow surface showed depleted ozone in the snowpack, with levels consistently remaining <6 ppbv independent of above-surface ambient air concentrations. The snowpack was always a sink of ozone. Ozone deposition velocities determined from ozone surface flux measurements by eddy covariance were on the order of 0.01 cm s(-1), which is of similar magnitude as ozone uptake rates found over snow at other polar sites that are not subjected to ODEs. The results from these multiple platform measurements unequivocally show that snow-atmosphere chemical exchanges of ozone at the measurement site do not exhibit a major contribution to ozone removal from the boundary layer and the formation of ODE. C1 [Helmig, Detlev; Boylan, Patrick] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Johnson, Bryan; Oltmans, Sam; Fairall, Chris] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Staebler, Ralf] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Weinheimer, Andrew; Orlando, John; Knapp, David J.; Montzka, Denise D.; Flocke, Frank] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Friess, Udo; Sihler, Holger] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Sihler, Holger] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012; Boylan, Patrick/A-5289-2010 OI Boylan, Patrick/0000-0002-9617-6240 FU National Science Foundation; NSF [0806437, ARC0902165]; German Research Association [FR2497/2-1]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and is supported by the National Science Foundation. Additional support to NCAR under NSF grant 0806437 is gratefully acknowledged. The tethered balloon experiment was funded by NSF grant ARC0902165. Radiosonde data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. The LP-DOAS measurements at Barrow were financially supported by the German Research Association (grant FR2497/2-1). NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D20303 DI 10.1029/2012JD017531 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 027HG UT WOS:000310342500002 ER PT J AU Ocko, IB Ramaswamy, V Ginoux, P Ming, Y Horowitz, LW AF Ocko, Ilissa B. Ramaswamy, V. Ginoux, Paul Ming, Yi Horowitz, Larry W. TI Sensitivity of scattering and absorbing aerosol direct radiative forcing to physical climate factors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SULFATE AEROSOLS; COUPLED MODELS; CLOUDS; CIRCULATION; ABSORPTION; ALBEDO AB The direct radiative forcing of the climate system includes effects due to scattering and absorbing aerosols. This study explores how important physical climate characteristics contribute to the magnitudes of the direct radiative forcings (DRF) from anthropogenic sulfate, black carbon, and organic carbon. For this purpose, we employ the GFDL CM2.1 global climate model, which has reasonable aerosol concentrations and reconstruction of twentieth-century climate change. Sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols constitute the most important anthropogenic aerosol perturbations to the climate system and provide striking contrasts between primarily scattering (sulfate and organic carbon) and primarily absorbing (black carbon) species. The quantitative roles of cloud coverage, surface albedo, and relative humidity in governing the sign and magnitude of all-sky top-of-atmosphere (TOA) forcings are examined. Clouds reduce the global mean sulfate TOA DRF by almost 50%, reduce the global mean organic carbon TOA DRF by more than 30%, and increase the global mean black carbon TOA DRF by almost 80%. Sulfate forcing is increased by over 50% as a result of hygroscopic growth, while high-albedo surfaces are found to have only a minor (less than 10%) impact on all global mean forcings. Although the radiative forcing magnitudes are subject to uncertainties in the state of mixing of the aerosol species, it is clear that fundamental physical climate characteristics play a large role in governing aerosol direct radiative forcing magnitudes. C1 [Ocko, Ilissa B.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ramaswamy, V.; Ginoux, Paul; Ming, Yi; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Ocko, IB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM iocko@princeton.edu RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU National Science Foundation [DGE 0646086] FX We thank Stuart Freidenreich for reviewing our manuscript and providing useful comments. Ilissa B. Ocko is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant DGE 0646086. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D20203 DI 10.1029/2012JD018019 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 027HG UT WOS:000310342500008 ER PT J AU Kolasa, J Allen, CR Sendzimir, J Stow, CA AF Kolasa, Jurek Allen, Craig R. Sendzimir, Jan Stow, Craig A. TI Predictions and retrodictions of the hierarchical representation of habitat in heterogeneous environments SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Hierarchical habitat structure; Predictions; Species abundance; Discontinuities in ecological traits; Allometry; Comparative population variability ID PREDATOR-PREY METAPOPULATION; SOURCE-SINK METACOMMUNITIES; BODY-SIZE; RANGE SIZE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CORAL-REEFS; VARIABILITY; BUTTERFLIES; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB Interaction between habitat and species is central in ecology. Habitat structure may be conceived as being hierarchical, where larger, more diverse, portions or categories contain smaller, more homogeneous portions. When this conceptualization is combined with the observation that species have different abilities to relate to portions of the habitat that differ in their characteristics, a number of known patterns can be derived and new patterns hypothesized. We propose a quantitative form of this habitat-species relationship by considering species abundance to be a function of habitat specialization, habitat fragmentation, amount of habitat, and adult body mass. The model reproduces and explains patterns such as variation in rank-abundance curves, greater variation and extinction probabilities of habitat specialists, discontinuities in traits (abundance, ecological range, pattern of variation, body size) among species sharing a community or area, and triangular distribution of body sizes, among others. The model has affinities to Holling's textural discontinuity hypothesis and metacommunity theory but differs from both by offering a more general perspective. In support of the model, we illustrate its general potential to capture and explain several empirical observations that historically have been treated independently. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolasa, Jurek] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sendzimir, Jan] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Kolasa, J (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main Str W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM kolasa@mcmaster.ca RI Allen, Craig/J-4464-2012; OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU McDonnell Foundation; NSERC; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX McDonnell Foundation grant to CA, and NSERC grant to JK provided funding for this project. Jon Dushoff and Tamara Romanuk supplied helpful comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. The paper constitutes GLERL contribution number 1625; (C.A. Stow). The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 24 PY 2012 VL 245 SI SI BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.030 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KM UT WOS:000309374600020 ER PT J AU Banerjee, D Dalmonte, M Muller, M Rico, E Stebler, P Wiese, UJ Zoller, P AF Banerjee, D. Dalmonte, M. Mueller, M. Rico, E. Stebler, P. Wiese, U. -J. Zoller, P. TI Atomic Quantum Simulation of Dynamical Gauge Fields Coupled to Fermionic Matter: From String Breaking to Evolution after a Quench SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICES; NEUTRAL ATOMS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; GAS; COLLOQUIUM; MODELS; SPIN AB Using a Fermi-Bose mixture of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, we construct a quantum simulator for a U(1) gauge theory coupled to fermionic matter. The construction is based on quantum links which realize continuous gauge symmetry with discrete quantum variables. At low energies, quantum link models with staggered fermions emerge from a Hubbard-type model which can be quantum simulated. This allows us to investigate string breaking as well as the real-time evolution after a quench in gauge theories, which are inaccessible to classical simulation methods. C1 [Banerjee, D.; Stebler, P.; Wiese, U. -J.] Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, Albert Einstein Ctr, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Dalmonte, M.; Rico, E.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Dalmonte, M.; Rico, E.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Mueller, M.] Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Teor 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Zoller, P.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zoller, P.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Banerjee, D (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, Albert Einstein Ctr, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Muller, Markus/I-6530-2012; Rico Ortega, Enrique/H-7173-2015 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Rico Ortega, Enrique/0000-0003-4414-6821 FU Schweizerischer Nationalfonds; integrated project AQUTE; Austrian Science Fund [SFB F40 FOQUS]; DARPA OLE program; QUITEMAD [S2009-ESP-1594]; PICC: FP7 [249958]; MICINN [FIS2009-10061] FX We thank D. B. Kaplan, M. Lewenstein, B. Pasquiou, F. Schreck, and M. Zaccanti for discussions. P. Z. and M. D. thank the Joint Quantum Institute for hospitality. Work at Bern is supported by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds. Work at Innsbruck is supported by the integrated project AQUTE, the Austrian Science Fund through SFB F40 FOQUS, and by the DARPA OLE program. M. M. is supported by QUITEMAD S2009-ESP-1594, PICC: FP7 2007-2013 (Grant No. 249958) and MICINN Grant No. FIS2009-10061. Authors are listed in alphabetical order. NR 43 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 17 AR 175302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.175302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 025OK UT WOS:000310200100018 PM 23215198 ER PT J AU Montague, JR Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Bright, VM Rogers, CT AF Montague, J. R. Bertness, K. A. Sanford, N. A. Bright, V. M. Rogers, C. T. TI Temperature-dependent mechanical-resonance frequencies and damping in ensembles of gallium nitride nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMOELASTIC INTERNAL-FRICTION; NANOMECHANICAL RESONATORS; MILLIKELVIN TEMPERATURES; GAN; SYSTEMS AB We have measured singly clamped cantilever mechanical-resonances in ensembles of as-grown gallium nitride nanowires (GaN NWs), from 12K to 320 K. Resonance frequencies are approximately linearly dependent on temperature near 300K with relative shifts of 40 +/- 20 ppm/K, consistent with temperature-dependent elastic moduli. Below 100 K, we find that some GaN NWs have mechanical quality factors well above 400 000, at mechanical resonance frequencies near 1 MHz. We also observe a correlation between increased amplitude of dissipation and increased temperature dependence of resonance frequencies. The microwave homodyne detection technique we use is simple, allows for the investigation of as-grown or processed NWs, and is sensitive enough to observe the thermal motion of individual NWs while providing for the simultaneous measurement of large ensembles of NW mechanical resonances. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4761946] C1 [Montague, J. R.; Rogers, C. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Montague, J. R.] Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nano Electromech Trans, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bright, V. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Montague, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Joshua.Montague@colorado.edu FU DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals program [N66001-10-1-4007]; National Science Foundation Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation [0856261] FX These studies were conducted with support from the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT), supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals program under Grant No. N66001-10-1-4007 issued by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR). We also acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation under Grant No. 0856261. This material is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 17 AR 173101 DI 10.1063/1.4761946 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 032NO UT WOS:000310726200060 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Chan, J Safavi-Naeini, AH Painter, O Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Chan, Jasper Safavi-Naeini, Amir H. Painter, Oskar Srinivasan, Kartik TI Slot-mode-coupled optomechanical crystals SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; NANOMECHANICAL RESONATORS; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; NANOBEAM CAVITIES; DESIGN; LIGHT; SCALE; MOTION AB We present a design methodology and analysis of a cavity optomechanical system in which a localized GHz frequency mechanical mode of a nanobeam resonator is evanescently coupled to a high quality factor (Q > 10(6)) optical mode of a separate nanobeam optical cavity. Using separate nanobeams provides flexibility, enabling the independent design and optimization of the optics and mechanics of the system. In addition, the small gap (approximate to 25 nm) between the two resonators gives rise to a slot mode effect that enables a large zero-point optomechanical coupling strength to be achieved, with g/2 pi > 300 kHz in a Si3N4 system at 980 nm and g/2 pi approximate to 900 kHz in a Si system at 1550 nm. The fact that large coupling strengths to GHz mechanical oscillators can be achieved in Si3N4 is important, as this material has a broad optical transparency window, which allows operation throughout the visible and near-infrared. As an application of this platform, we consider wide-band optical frequency conversion between 1300 nm and 980 nm, using two optical nanobeam cavities coupled on either side to the breathing mode of a mechanical nanobeam resonator. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo; Chan, Jasper; Safavi-Naeini, Amir H.; Painter, Oskar] CALTECH, Appl Phys Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov RI Chan, Jasper/E-6801-2011; OI Painter, Oskar/0000-0002-1581-9209 FU DARPA MESO program FX This work has been supported in part by the DARPA MESO program. We thank Vladimir Aksyuk and Jeff Hill for valuable discussions. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 22 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 22 BP 24394 EP 24410 DI 10.1364/OE.20.024394 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 028SS UT WOS:000310443400032 PM 23187203 ER PT J AU Garberoglio, G Jankowski, P Szalewicz, K Harvey, AH AF Garberoglio, Giovanni Jankowski, Piotr Szalewicz, Krzysztof Harvey, Allan H. TI Second virial coefficients of H-2 and its isotopologues from a six-dimensional potential SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bond lengths; equations of state; ground states; Monte Carlo methods; statistical mechanics; thermodynamics ID INTEGRAL MONTE-CARLO; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; BOILING POINT; HELIUM; STATE; DEUTERIUM; MIXTURES; ENERGIES; MOLECULE; EQUATION AB We employ path-integral Monte Carlo techniques to compute the second virial coefficient as a function of temperature for molecular hydrogen (H-2), deuterium (D-2), and tritium (T-2), along with the mixed isotopologues HD, HT, and DT. The calculations utilize a new six-dimensional (6D) potential, which is derived by combining our previous high-quality ground-state 4D potential for the H-2 dimer with the 6D potential of Hinde. This new 6D potential is reduced to a set of 4D potentials by fixing the intramolecular coordinates at their expectation values for each temperature and isotopic combination. The results for H-2 are in good agreement with experimental data; the effect of the temperature dependence of the average bond length is only significant above approximately 1000 K. For D-2 and HD, the available experimental data are much more limited; our results agree with the data and provide reliable values at temperatures where no experimental data exist. For the species containing tritium, our results provide the only data available. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757565] C1 [Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Jankowski, Piotr] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Dept Quantum Chem, Fac Chem, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Szalewicz, Krzysztof] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM garberoglio@fbk.eu; teojan@chem.umk.pl; szalewic@udel.edu; allan.harvey@nist.gov RI Jankowski, Piotr/O-5874-2015; OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1152899] FX We thank I. A. Richardson for information about sources of experimental data for D2 and HD, J.W. Leachman for helpful discussions on data needs for H2 isotopologues, and R.J. Hinde for a useful discussion of 6D potentials. We thank an anonymous referee for suggesting the calculation using Eq. (6). The path-integral calculations were performed on the KORE computer cluster at Fondazione Bruno Kessler. K. S. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1152899. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 15 AR 154308 DI 10.1063/1.4757565 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 026TX UT WOS:000310307100027 PM 23083166 ER PT J AU McGuire, BA Loomis, RA Charness, CM Corby, JF Blake, GA Hollis, JM Lovas, FJ Jewell, PR Remijan, AJ AF McGuire, Brett A. Loomis, Ryan A. Charness, Cameron M. Corby, Joanna F. Blake, Geoffrey A. Hollis, Jan M. Lovas, Frank J. Jewell, Philip R. Remijan, Anthony J. TI INTERSTELLAR CARBODIIMIDE (HNCNH): A NEW ASTRONOMICAL DETECTION FROM THE GBT PRIMOS SURVEY VIA MASER EMISSION FEATURES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM: clouds; ISM: individual objects (Sagittarius B2(N)); ISM: molecules ID WATER-ICE; CYANAMIDE; LINE; THZ AB In this work, we identify carbodiimide (HNCNH), which is an isomer of the well-known interstellar species cyanamide (NH2CN), in weak maser emission, using data from the Green Bank Telescope PRIMOS survey toward Sgr B2(N). All spectral lines observed are in emission and have energy levels in excess of 170 K, indicating that the molecule likely resides in relatively hot gas that characterizes the denser regions of this star-forming region. The anticipated abundance of this molecule from ice mantle experiments is similar to 10% of the abundance of NH2CN, which in Sgr B2(N) corresponds to similar to 2 x 10(13) cm(-2). Such an abundance results in transition intensities well below the detection limit of any current astronomical facility and, as such, HNCNH could only be detected by those transitions which are amplified by masing. C1 [McGuire, Brett A.; Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Loomis, Ryan A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Charness, Cameron M.; Corby, Joanna F.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hollis, Jan M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jewell, Philip R.; Remijan, Anthony J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP McGuire, BA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI McGuire, Brett/0000-0003-1254-4817 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX All authors dedicate this work to Lewis E. Snyder who pioneered the astronomical detection of molecules at radio frequencies. B.A.M. gratefully acknowledges funding by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, and M. Emprechtinger for helpful discussions regarding masers. We thank the anonymous referee for very helpful comments. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2012 VL 758 IS 2 AR L33 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/758/2/L33 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 018RH UT WOS:000309679300009 ER PT J AU Cesana, G Kay, JE Chepfer, H English, JM de Boer, G AF Cesana, G. Kay, J. E. Chepfer, H. English, J. M. de Boer, G. TI Ubiquitous low-level liquid-containing Arctic clouds: New observations and climate model constraints from CALIPSO-GOCCP SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ALBEDO; BUDGET; SHEBA AB Ground-based observations show that persistent liquid-containing Arctic clouds occur frequently and have a dominant influence on Arctic surface radiative fluxes. Yet, without a hemispheric multi-year perspective, the climate relevance of these intriguing Arctic cloud observations was previously unknown. In this study, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) observations are used to document cloud phase over the Arctic basin (60-82 degrees N) during a five-year period (2006-2011). Over Arctic ocean-covered areas, low-level liquid-containing clouds are prevalent in all seasons, especially in Fall. These new CALIPSO observations provide a unique and climate-relevant constraint on Arctic cloud processes. Evaluation of one climate model using a lidar simulator suggests a lack of liquid-containing Arctic clouds contributes to a lack of "radiatively opaque" states. The surface radiation biases found in this one model are found in multiple models, highlighting the need for improved modeling of Arctic cloud phase. Citation: Cesana, G., J. E. Kay, H. Chepfer, J. M. English, and G. de Boer (2012), Ubiquitous low-level liquid-containing Arctic clouds: New observations and climate model constraints from CALIPSO-GOCCP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20804, doi:10.1029/2012GL053385. C1 [Cesana, G.; Chepfer, H.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Meteorol Dynam LMD IPSL, Paris, France. [Cesana, G.; Kay, J. E.; English, J. M.] NCAR, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO USA. [de Boer, G.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Boer, G.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [de Boer, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cesana, G (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Lab Meteorol Dynam, FR-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM gregory.cesana@lmd.polytechnique.fr RI Kay, Jennifer/C-6042-2012; de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; English, Jason/E-9365-2015 OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; English, Jason/0000-0001-9700-6860 FU NASA ROSES [09-CCST09-29, 08-MAP-117]; US DOE Office of Science (BER); CIRES in cooperation with the US DOC/NOAA; NSF grant [ARC-1023366] FX J.E.K. was supported by NASA ROSES grant 09-CCST09-29, J.M.E. by NASA ROSES grant 08-MAP-117, and G.B. by the US DOE Office of Science (BER), CIRES in cooperation with the US DOC/NOAA, and NSF grant ARC-1023366. We would like to thank Johannes Karlsson for helpful suggestions, and NASA, the ICARE and ClimServ centers for access to the CALIPSO level 1 data, and CNES for supporting the development of CALIPSO-GOCCP. NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L20804 DI 10.1029/2012GL053385 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 024AH UT WOS:000310079200004 ER PT J AU Fiore, JL Holmstrom, ED Fiegland, LR Hodak, JH Nesbitt, DJ AF Fiore, Julie L. Holmstrom, Erik D. Fiegland, Larry R. Hodak, Jose H. Nesbitt, David J. TI The Role of Counterion Valence and Size in GAAA Tetraloop-Receptor Docking/Undocking Kinetics SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RNA folding; ions; counterion condensation; single-molecule FRET; tetraloop-receptor ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POISSON-BOLTZMANN THEORY; RNA TERTIARY STRUCTURES; SINGLE-MOLECULE FRET; TETRAHYMENA RIBOZYME; TRANSITION-STATE; GROUP-I; CONFORMATIONAL EQUILIBRIA; ELECTROSTATIC PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AB For RNA to fold into compact, ordered structures, it must overcome electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged phosphate groups by counterion recruitment. A physical understanding of the counterion-assisted folding process requires addressing how cations kinetically and thermodynamically control the folding equilibrium for each tertiary interaction in a full-length RNA. In this work, single-molecule FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) techniques are exploited to isolate and explore the cation-concentration-dependent kinetics for formation of a ubiquitous RNA tertiary interaction, that is, the docking/undocking of a GAAA tetraloop with its 11-nt receptor. Rate constants for docking (k(dock)) and undocking (k(undock)) are obtained as a function of cation concentration, size, and valence, specifically for the series Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Co(NH3)(6)(3+), and supermidine(3+). Increasing cation concentration accelerates k(dock) dramatically but achieves only a slight decrease in k(undock). These results can be kinetically modeled using parallel cation-dependent and cation-independent docking pathways, which allows for isolation of the folding kinetics from the interaction energetics of the cations with the undocked and docked states, respectively. This analysis reveals a preferential interaction of the cations with the transition state and docked state as compared to the undocked RNA, with the ion-RNA interaction strength growing with cation valence. However, the corresponding number of cations that are taken up by the RNA upon folding decreases with charge density of the cation. The only exception to these behaviors is spermidine(3+), whose weaker influence on the docking equilibria with respect to Co(NH3)(6)(3+) can be ascribed to steric effects preventing complete neutralization of the RNA phosphate groups. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fiore, Julie L.; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Fiegland, Larry R.; Hodak, Jose H.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fiore, Julie L.; Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado at Boulder; National Institutes of Health/University of Colorado Biophysics Training grant [T32 GM-065103] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado at Boulder. J.L.F. was supported in part by the Optical Science and Engineering Program of National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship. J.L.F. and E.D.H. were supported in part by National Institutes of Health/University of Colorado Biophysics Training (T32 GM-065103) grant. We acknowledge Drs. Arthur Pardi and Christopher D. Downey for the design and preparation of the RNA constructs used in this work. NR 105 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 19 PY 2012 VL 423 IS 2 BP 198 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.07.006 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 020BQ UT WOS:000309784000006 PM 22796627 ER PT J AU Flagg, EB Polyakov, SV Thomay, T Solomon, GS AF Flagg, Edward B. Polyakov, Sergey V. Thomay, Tim Solomon, Glenn S. TI Dynamics of Nonclassical Light from a Single Solid-State Quantum Emitter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BELL INEQUALITIES; LINEAR OPTICS; PHOTONS; INTERFERENCE; DEVICE; CAVITY AB We measure the dynamics of a nonclassical optical field using two-time second-order correlations in conjunction with pulsed excitation. The technique quantifies single-photon purity and coherence during the excitation-decay cycle of an emitter, illustrated here using a quantum dot. We observe that for certain pump wavelengths, photons detected early in the cycle have reduced single-photon purity and coherence compared to those detected later. A model indicates that the single-photon purity dynamics are due to exciton recapture after initial emission and within the same pulse cycle. C1 [Flagg, Edward B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Flagg, EB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.flagg@nist.gov; glenn.solomon@nist.gov RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; NIST-ARRA program at UMD FX We acknowledge partial support from the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. T. Thomay acknowledges support through the NIST-ARRA program at UMD. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 16 AR 163601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.163601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 022ZR UT WOS:000310003200010 PM 23215076 ER PT J AU Shim, JS Kuznetsova, M Rastatter, L Bilitza, D Butala, M Codrescu, M Emery, BA Foster, B Fuller-Rowell, TJ Huba, J Mannucci, AJ Pi, X Ridley, A Scherliess, L Schunk, RW Sojka, JJ Stephens, P Thompson, DC Weimer, D Zhu, L Sutton, E AF Shim, J. S. Kuznetsova, M. Rastaetter, L. Bilitza, D. Butala, M. Codrescu, M. Emery, B. A. Foster, B. Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Huba, J. Mannucci, A. J. Pi, X. Ridley, A. Scherliess, L. Schunk, R. W. Sojka, J. J. Stephens, P. Thompson, D. C. Weimer, D. Zhu, L. Sutton, E. TI CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge for systematic assessment of ionosphere/thermosphere models: Electron density, neutral density, NmF2, and hmF2 using space based observations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOWER ATMOSPHERE; PROFILES; MIDDLE AB In an effort to quantitatively assess the current capabilities of Ionosphere/Thermosphere (IT) models, an IT model validation study using metrics was performed. This study is a main part of the CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge, which was initiated at the CEDAR workshop in 2009 to better comprehend strengths and weaknesses of models in predicting the IT system, and to trace improvements in ionospheric/thermospheric specification and forecast. For the challenge, two strong geomagnetic storms, four moderate storms, and three quiet time intervals were selected. For the selected events, we obtained four scores (i.e., RMS error, prediction efficiency, ratio of the maximum change in amplitudes, and ratio of the maximum amplitudes) to compare the performance of models in reproducing the selected physical parameters such as vertical drifts, electron and neutral densities, NmF2, and hmF2. In this paper, we present the results from comparing modeled values against space-based measurements including NmF2 and hmF2 from the CHAMP and COSMIC satellites, and electron and neutral densities at the CHAMP satellite locations. It is found that the accuracy of models varies with the metrics used, latitude and geomagnetic activity level. C1 [Shim, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bilitza, D.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Butala, M.; Mannucci, A. J.; Pi, X.; Stephens, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Codrescu, M.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Emery, B. A.; Foster, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Huba, J.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Ridley, A.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scherliess, L.; Schunk, R. W.; Sojka, J. J.; Zhu, L.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thompson, D. C.; Sutton, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Weimer, D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Shim, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jasoon.shim@nasa.gov RI Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Scherliess, Ludger/A-7499-2016; Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255; Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The CHAMP neutral density data used in this study are obtained from http://sisko.colorado.edu/sutton/data.html. Portions of this research were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT 18 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S10004 DI 10.1029/2012SW000851 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 023XP UT WOS:000310071300001 ER PT J AU Scharer, RM Patterson, WF Carlson, JK Poulakis, GR AF Scharer, Rachel M. Patterson, William F., III Carlson, John K. Poulakis, Gregg R. TI Age and Growth of Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish (Pristis pectinata) Verified with LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Vertebrae SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHONDRICHTHYAN FISHES; WESTERN ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER; SHARK; VALIDATION; PRECISION; CHEMISTRY; STRONTIUM; RECOVERY AB Endangered smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) were opportunistically sampled in south Florida and aged by counting opaque bands in sectioned vertebrae (n = 15). Small sample size precluded traditional age verification, but fish collected in spring and summer had translucent vertebrae margins, while fish collected in winter had opaque margins. Trends in Sr:Ca measured across vertebrae with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry corresponded well to annual salinity trends observed in sawfish estuarine nursery habitats in south Florida, thus serve as a chemical marker verifying annual formation of opaque bands. Based on that finding and assumptions about mean birth date and timing of opaque band formation, estimated age ranged from 0.4 y for a 0.60 m total length (TL) male to 14.0 y for a 4.35 m TL female. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters computed from size at age data were 4.48 m for L-infinity, 0.219 y(-1) for k, and -0.81 y for t(0). Results of this study have important implications for sawfish conservation as well as for inferring habitat residency of euryhaline elasmobranchs via chemical analysis of vertebrae. C1 [Scharer, Rachel M.; Patterson, William F., III] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Carlson, John K.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL USA. [Poulakis, Gregg R.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Charlotte Harbor Field Lab, Port Charlotte, FL USA. RP Scharer, RM (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM rachel.scharer@MyFWC.com FU National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Species FX Funding was provided by that National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Species. Sawfish were obtained under ESA permits #1352 (Mote Marine Laboratory), #1475 (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), and #13330 (NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 50 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 10 AR e47850 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047850 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 038AF UT WOS:000311146900122 PM 23082225 ER PT J AU Watanabe, M Kug, JS Jin, FF Collins, M Ohba, M Wittenberg, AT AF Watanabe, Masahiro Kug, Jong-Seong Jin, Fei-Fei Collins, Mat Ohba, Masamichi Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI Uncertainty in the ENSO amplitude change from the past to the future SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; MODEL; ASYMMETRY; IMPACT AB Due to errors in complex coupled feedbacks that compensate differently in different global climate models, as well as nonlinear nature of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), there remain difficulties in detecting and evaluating the reason for the past and future changes in the ENSO amplitude, sigma(nino). Here we use physics parameter ensembles, in which error compensation was eliminated by perturbing model parameters, to explore relationships between mean climate and variability. With four such ensembles we find a strong relationship between sigma(nino) and the mean precipitation over the eastern equatorial Pacific ((P) over bar (nino)). This involves a two-way interaction, in which the wetter mean state with greater (P) over bar (nino) acts to increase the ENSO amplitude by strengthening positive coupled feedbacks. Such a relationship is also identified in 11 single-model historical climate simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 despite mean precipitation biases apparently masking the relationship in the multi-model ensemble (MME). Taking changes in sigma(nino) and (P) over bar (nino) between pre-industrial and recent periods eliminates the bias, and therefore results in a robust sni sigma(nino)-(P) over bar (nino) connection in MME, which suggests a 10-15% increase in the ENSO amplitude since pre-industrial era mainly due to changing mean state. However, the sni sigma(nino)-P-nino connection is less clear for their future changes, which are still greatly uncertain. Citation: Watanabe, M., J.-S. Kug, F.-F. Jin, M. Collins, M. Ohba, and A. T. Wittenberg (2012), Uncertainty in the ENSO amplitude change from the past to the future, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20703, doi:10.1029/2012GL053305. C1 [Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Kug, Jong-Seong] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan, South Korea. [Jin, Fei-Fei] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Collins, Mat] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Collins, Mat] Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ohba, Masamichi] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Abiko, Chiba, Japan. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Watanabe, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. EM hiro@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Ohba, Masamichi/A-1446-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; KUG, JONG-SEONG/A-8053-2013; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011 OI Ohba, Masamichi/0000-0001-6221-554X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008 FU Innovative Program of Climate Change Projection for the 21st Century from MEXT, Japan; Mitsui Environment Fund [C-042]; NSF [ATM 1034439]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310200]; DOE [DESC0005110]; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3042] FX We thank E. Guilyardi, S. Power, J. N. Brown, and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments. We also acknowledge M. Arai, N. Hirota and Y.-S. Jang for the data processing. MW was supported by the Innovative Program of Climate Change Projection for the 21st Century from MEXT, Japan, the Mitsui Environment Fund C-042. FFJ was supported by, NSF ATM 1034439, NOAA NA10OAR4310200, and DOE DESC0005110. JSK was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2012-3042. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L20703 DI 10.1029/2012GL053305 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 024AB UT WOS:000310078500004 ER PT J AU Li, W Forest, CE Barsugli, J AF Li, Wei Forest, Chris E. Barsugli, Joseph TI Comparing two methods to estimate the sensitivity of regional climate simulations to tropical SST anomalies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; ENSEMBLE; TELECONNECTIONS; QUANTIFICATION; PREDICTABILITY; UNCERTAINTIES; FORECASTS; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC AB We perform ensemble simulations using NCAR CAM3.1 T42 forced by perturbed SST fields to estimate the sensitivity of regional climate change at seasonal scales to tropical SST anomalies. We compare the sensitivity and linear reconstruction of regional climate change to tropical SST anomalies from the patch method and the random perturbation method (RPM). The patch method adds one SST anomaly patch at a certain location of the tropical ocean to the prescribed SST field at one time. The RPM method randomly perturbs the climatological SST field with spatially coherent anomalies and estimates the anomalous response with respect to the climatological equilibrium state. The two methods provide generally consistent sensitivity information and similar reconstruction of the regional response over the global scale and tropical regions. If only the dominant sensitivity information is desired, the RPM method is about twelve times more computationally efficient than the patch method due mainly to the larger area-integrated amplitude of the SST forcing used. C1 [Li, Wei; Forest, Chris E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Li, Wei; Forest, Chris E.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barsugli, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Forest, Chris E.; Barsugli, Joseph] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Forest, CE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 507 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ceforest@psu.edu RI Forest, Chris/M-1993-2014; Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015 OI Forest, Chris/0000-0002-2643-0186; Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396 FU DOE [DE-SC-0005399] FX We appreciate Fuqing Zhang (PSU) for his suggestion and subsequent discussion on constructing the ensemble. We also appreciate the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This work is supported by DOE grant DE-SC-0005399. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D20103 DI 10.1029/2011JD017186 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024AI UT WOS:000310079300001 ER PT J AU McBride, PJ Schmidt, KS Pilewskie, P Walther, A Heidinger, AK Wolfe, DE Fairall, CW Lance, S AF McBride, P. J. Schmidt, K. S. Pilewskie, P. Walther, A. Heidinger, A. K. Wolfe, D. E. Fairall, C. W. Lance, S. TI CalNex cloud properties retrieved from a ship-based spectrometer and comparisons with satellite and aircraft retrieved cloud properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; LIQUID AB An algorithm to retrieve cloud optical thickness and effective radius (r(eff)) from spectral transmittance was applied to radiance and irradiance observations of the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) during the Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change Campaign (CalNex). Data from an overcast day, 16 May 2010, was used to validate the algorithm. Retrievals from the SSFR, deployed on the Woods Hole Oceanic Institute R/V Atlantis, were compared to retrievals made from an airborne SSFR, the Geostationary Operations Environmental Satellite (GOES), an Atlantis-based microwave radiometer, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. In situ observations of r(eff) during a flight over the Atlantis were compared to the Atlantis SSFR and GOES retrievals. The cloud statistics for the CalNex campaign were compared to previous studies. The agreement between the different retrievals, quantified by determining the number of coincident observations when retrieval uncertainty overlapped, improved as the difference between the field-of-views (FOV) of the instruments decreased. It is shown that averaging the 1 Hz SSFR observations to the 15 minute GOES interval cannot fully account for the impact of the different FOVs. The average in situ r(eff) (7.7 mu m) fell between the average r(eff) retrieved using the Atlantis-based SSFR radiance (5.7 mu m) and irradiance (9.5 mu m). The CalNex clouds showed a diurnal pattern observed in previous studies of marine boundary layer clouds in the region. The distribution of cloud optical thickness and liquid water path during CalNex was shown to be a gamma distribution, consistent with previous studies of high cloud fraction marine boundary layer clouds. C1 [McBride, P. J.; Schmidt, K. S.; Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McBride, P. J.; Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walther, A.; Heidinger, A. K.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, NOAA, Madison, WI USA. [Wolfe, D. E.; Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lance, S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lance, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McBride, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 392 Campus Box, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mcbridep@colorado.edu RI SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; FU NOAA CalNex FX This work was supported through the NOAA CalNex grant for the SSFR group. The authors would like to recognize the efforts from Warren Gore and Tony Trias from NASA Ames for their continued and reliable support of SSFR during these deployments. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V23 DI 10.1029/2012JD017624 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 024AI UT WOS:000310079300002 ER PT J AU Harriger, LW Liu, MS Luo, HQ Ewings, RA Frost, CD Perring, TG Dai, PC AF Harriger, Leland W. Liu, Mengshu Luo, Huiqian Ewings, R. A. Frost, C. D. Perring, T. G. Dai, Pengcheng TI Temperature dependence of the paramagnetic spin excitations in BaFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; IRON; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; ANISOTROPY AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study temperature dependence of the paramagnetic spin excitations in iron pnictide BaFe2As2 throughout the Brillouin zone. In contrast to a conventional local moment Heisenberg system, where paramagnetic spin excitations are expected to have a Lorentzian function centered at zero energy transfer, the high-energy (h(omega) > 100 meV) paramagnetic spin excitations in BaFe2As2 exhibit spin-wave-like features up to at least 290 K (T = 2.1T(N)). Furthermore, we find that the sizes of the fluctuating magnetic moments (m(2)) approximate to 3.6 mu(2)(B) per Fe are essentially temperature independent from the antiferromagnetic ordered state at 0.05T(N) to 2.1T(N), which differs considerably from the temperature dependent fluctuating moment observed in the iron chalcogenide Fe1.1Te [Zaliznyak et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 216403 (2011)]. These results suggest unconventional magnetism and strong electron correlation effects in BaFe2As2. C1 [Harriger, Leland W.; Liu, Mengshu; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Harriger, Leland W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Luo, Huiqian; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Ewings, R. A.; Frost, C. D.; Perring, T. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Harriger, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pdai@utk.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 FU US NSF [DMR-1063866]; MOST of China 973 programs [2012CB821400, 2011CBA00110]; [NSFC-11004233] FX We are grateful to Jeffrey Lynn for helpful discussions. The work at UTK is supported by the US NSF Grant No. DMR-1063866. Work at the IOP, CAS is supported by the MOST of China 973 programs (2012CB821400, 2011CBA00110) and NSFC-11004233. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 14 AR 140403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.140403 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 021RM UT WOS:000309903100001 ER PT J AU Schroer, MD Jung, M Petersson, KD Petta, JR AF Schroer, M. D. Jung, M. Petersson, K. D. Petta, J. R. TI Radio Frequency Charge Parity Meter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON QUANTUM DOTS; CIRCUIT; CONDUCTORS; SPINS AB We demonstrate a total charge parity measurement by detecting the radio frequency signal that is reflected by a lumped-element resonator coupled to a single InAs nanowire double quantum dot. The high frequency response of the circuit is used to probe the effects of the Pauli exclusion principle at interdot charge transitions. Even parity charge transitions show a striking magnetic field dependence that is due to a singlet-triplet transition, while odd parity transitions are relatively insensitive to a magnetic field. The measured response agrees well with cavity input-output theory, allowing accurate measurements of the interdot tunnel coupling and the resonator-charge coupling rate g(c)/2 pi similar to 17 MHz. C1 [Schroer, M. D.; Jung, M.; Petersson, K. D.; Petta, J. R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Petta, J. R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci & Technol Mat PRISM, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Schroer, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Petta, Jason/J-6663-2013; Petersson, Karl/P-7209-2014; OI Petta, Jason/0000-0002-6416-0789; Petersson, Karl/0000-0002-1012-7895; Jung, Minkyung/0000-0003-1515-5913 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0189]; DARPA QuEST [HR0011-09-1-0007]; NSF through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]; CAREER Program [DMR-0846341]; DOE BES [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; United States Department of Defense FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Jacob Taylor. Research at Princeton was supported by Army Research Office Grant No. W911NF-08-1-0189, DARPA QuEST Grant No. HR0011-09-1-0007, and the NSF through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials (DMR-0819860) and the CAREER Program (DMR-0846341). Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by DOE BES Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This work was partially sponsored by the United States Department of Defense. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 16 AR 166804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.166804 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 021SJ UT WOS:000309905400016 PM 23215112 ER PT J AU Stock, C Broholm, C Zhao, Y Demmel, F Kang, HJ Rule, KC Petrovic, C AF Stock, C. Broholm, C. Zhao, Y. Demmel, F. Kang, H. J. Rule, K. C. Petrovic, C. TI Magnetic Field Splitting of the Spin Resonance in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; STATES AB Neutron scattering in strong magnetic fields is used to show the spin resonance in superconducting CeCoIn5 (T-c = 2.3 K) is a doublet. The underdamped resonance ((h) over bar Gamma = 0.069 +/- 0.019 meV) Zeeman splits into two modes at E-+/- = (h) over bar Omega(0) +/- mu H-B mu 0 with alpha = 0.96 +/- 0: 05. A linear extrapolation of the lower peak reaches zero energy at 11.2 +/- 0.5 T, near the critical field for the incommensurate "Q phase." Kenzelmann et al. [Science 321, 1652 (2008)] This, taken with the integrated weight and polarization of the low-energy mode (E-), indicates that the Q phase can be interpreted as a Bose condensate of spin excitons. C1 [Stock, C.; Broholm, C.; Kang, H. J.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Broholm, C.; Zhao, Y.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Demmel, F.] Rutherford Appleton Labs, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Rule, K. C.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Petrovic, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881 FU STFC; NSF [DMR-0116585, DMR-0944772]; DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-Ac02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge funding from the STFC and the NSF through DMR-0116585 and DMR-0944772. Work at IQM was supported by DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-FG02-08ER46544. Part of this work was carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Brookhaven Science Associates (DE-Ac02-98CH10886). We thank Z. Tesanovic and J. Murray for discussions, and R. Down and E. Fitzgerald for cryogenic support. We are grateful to Y. Qiu for altering DCS mslice to accommodate data taken on OSIRIS. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 17 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 16 AR 167207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.167207 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 021SJ UT WOS:000309905400023 PM 23215124 ER PT J AU Khripin, CY Tu, XM Howarter, J Fagan, J Zheng, M AF Khripin, Constantine Y. Tu, Xiaomin Howarter, John Fagan, Jeffrey Zheng, Ming TI Concentration Measurement of Length-Fractionated Colloidal Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DNA; FLUORESCENCE; PURIFICATION; SEPARATION; SOLUBILIZATION; SURFACTANTS; DEFECTS AB The determination of the carbon concentration of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a given dispersion is a basic requirement for many studies. The commonly used optical absorption-based concentration measurement is complicated by the spectral change due to variations in nanotube chirality and length. In particular, the origin of the observed length-dependent spectral change and its effect on concentration determination has been the subject of considerable debate. Here, we use length-fractionated DNA-wrapped SWCNTs to establish the relationship between SWCNT carbon concentration and optical absorption spectra by directly quantifying the amount of wrapping DNA and, independently, the DNA/carbon nanotube mass ratio. We find that SWCNT carbon concentrations derived from either the El, peak or spectral baseline deviate significantly from the SWCNT carbon concentrations derived from the DNA measurement method. Instead, SWCNT carbon concentrations derived from the spectral integration of the EH optical transition region match most closely with the DNA-derived SWCNT carbon concentrations. We also observe that shorter SWCNT fractions contain more curved carbon nanotubes, and propose that these defective nanotubes are largely responsible for the observed spectral variation with nanotube length. C1 [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Tu, Xiaomin; Howarter, John; Fagan, Jeffrey; Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Howarter, John] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Howarter, John] Purdue Univ, Div Environm & Ecol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 20 BP 8733 EP 8739 DI 10.1021/ac302023n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 020JQ UT WOS:000309805200043 PM 22994360 ER PT J AU Young, CJ Washenfelder, RA Roberts, JM Mielke, LH Osthoff, HD Tsai, C Pikelnaya, O Stutz, J Veres, PR Cochran, AK VandenBoer, TC Flynn, J Grossberg, N Haman, CL Lefer, B Stark, H Graus, M de Gouw, J Gilman, JB Kuster, WC Brown, SS AF Young, Cora J. Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Roberts, James M. Mielke, Levi H. Osthoff, Hans D. Tsai, Catalina Pikelnaya, Olga Stutz, Jochen Veres, Patrick R. Cochran, Anthony K. VandenBoer, Trevor C. Flynn, James Grossberg, Nicole Haman, Christine L. Lefer, Barry Stark, Harald Graus, Martin de Gouw, Joost Gilman, Jessica B. Kuster, William C. Brown, Steven S. TI Vertically Resolved Measurements of Nighttime Radical Reservoirs; in Los Angeles and Their Contribution to the Urban Radical Budget SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-ACID; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OXIDATIVE CAPACITY; ATMOSPHERE; N2O5; HONO; PHOTOLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; NO3; OH AB Photolabile nighttime radical reservoirs, such as nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClO2), contribute to the oxidizing potential of the atmosphere, particularly in early morning. We present the first vertically resolved measurements of ClO2, together with vertically resolved measurements of HONO. These measurements were acquired during the California Nexus (CalNex) campaign in the Los Angeles basin in spring 2010. Average profiles of ClO2 exhibited no significant dependence on height within the boundary layer and residual layer, although individual vertical profiles did show variability. By contrast, nitrous acid was strongly enhanced near the ground surface with much smaller concentrations aloft. These observations are consistent with a ClO2 source from aerosol uptake of N2O5 throughout the boundary layer and a HONO source from dry deposition of NO2 to the ground surface and subsequent chemical conversion. At ground level, daytime radical formation calculated from nighttime-accumulated HONO and ClO2 was approximately equal. Incorporating the different vertical distributions by integrating through the boundary and residual layers demonstrated that nighttime-accumulated ClO2 produced nine times as many radicals as nighttime-accumulated HONO. A comprehensive radical budget at ground level demonstrated that nighttime radical reservoirs accounted for 8% of total radicals formed and that they were the dominant radical source between sunrise and 09:00 Pacific daylight time (PDT). These data show that vertical gradients of radical precursors should be taken into account in radical budgets, particularly with respect to HONO. C1 [Young, Cora J.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Veres, Patrick R.; Stark, Harald; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost; Gilman, Jessica B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, Cora J.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Roberts, James M.; Veres, Patrick R.; Stark, Harald; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mielke, Levi H.; Osthoff, Hans D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Tsai, Catalina; Pikelnaya, Olga; Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cochran, Anthony K.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Flynn, James; Grossberg, Nicole; Haman, Christine L.; Lefer, Barry] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Young, CJ (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. EM cora.young@mun.ca RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013 OI Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CARB; NOAA Air Quality program; NOAA Climate Research and Modeling program; California Air Resources Board (CARB); California Institute of Technology FX J.S. and J.D. thank Jose-Luis Jimenez, John Seinfeld, and Jason Suratt for co-organizing the CalNex Pasadena site. We thank the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the California Institute of Technology for funding the site. We thank the management, staff, and flight crew from the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center for their support during the field mission. We acknowledge financial support for the field measurements from CARB, the NOAA Air Quality and NOAA Climate Research and Modeling programs, and thank W. Dube, A. Langford, and N. Wagner for instrument development assistance. C.J.Y. thanks the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 13 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 20 BP 10965 EP 10973 DI 10.1021/es302206a PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020JO UT WOS:000309805000017 PM 23013316 ER PT J AU Sherwin, BD Das, S Hajian, A Addison, G Bond, JR Crichton, D Devlin, MJ Dunkley, J Gralla, MB Halpern, M Hill, JC Hincks, AD Hughes, JP Huffenberger, K Hlozek, R Kosowsky, A Louis, T Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, MD Page, LA Reese, ED Sehgal, N Sievers, J Sifon, C Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Switzer, ER Wollack, E AF Sherwin, Blake D. Das, Sudeep Hajian, Amir Addison, Graeme Bond, J. Richard Crichton, Devin Devlin, Mark J. Dunkley, Joanna Gralla, Megan B. Halpern, Mark Hill, J. Colin Hincks, Adam D. Hughes, John P. Huffenberger, Kevin Hlozek, Renee Kosowsky, Arthur Louis, Thibaut Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Reese, Erik D. Sehgal, Neelima Sievers, Jon Sifon, Cristobal Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Switzer, Eric R. Wollack, Ed TI The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cross-correlation of cosmic microwave background lensing and quasars SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GALACTIC NUCLEI; MODEL; ANISOTROPIES; POLARIZATION; CALIBRATION; MATTER; SKY; CMB AB We measure the cross-correlation of Atacama cosmology telescope cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing convergence maps with quasar maps made from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR8 SDSS-XDQSO photometric catalog. The CMB lensing quasar cross-power spectrum is detected for the first time at a significance of 3.8 sigma, which directly confirms that the quasar distribution traces the mass distribution at high redshifts z > 1. Our detection passes a number of null tests and systematic checks. Using this cross-power spectrum, we measure the amplitude of the linear quasar bias assuming a template for its redshift dependence, and find the amplitude to be consistent with an earlier measurement from clustering; at redshift z approximate to 1.4, the peak of the distribution of quasars in our maps, our measurement corresponds to a bias of b = 2.5 +/- 0.6. With the signal-to-noise ratio on CMB lensing measurements likely to improve by an order of magnitude over the next few years, our results demonstrate the potential of CMB lensing cross-correlations to probe astrophysics at high redshifts. C1 [Sherwin, Blake D.; Das, Sudeep; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Sievers, Jon; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Switzer, Eric R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Hill, J. Colin; Hlozek, Renee; Marriage, Tobias A.; Sehgal, Neelima; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hajian, Amir; Bond, J. Richard; Hincks, Adam D.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Addison, Graeme; Dunkley, Joanna; Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Crichton, Devin; Gralla, Megan B.; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Reese, Erik D.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Halpern, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Huffenberger, Kevin] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Niemack, Michael D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sifon, Cristobal] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Switzer, Eric R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sherwin, BD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bsherwin@princeton.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352; FU U.S. NSF [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; FONDAP; Basal; Centre AIUC; RCUK Fellowship; NASA Grant [NNX08AH30G]; NSERC PGSD; NSF PFC Grant [PHY-0114422]; KICP Fellowship; SLAC Grant [DE-AC3-76SF00515]; ERC Grant [259505]; BCCP; NSF GRFP; Programa de Astronomia, a program of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI; Compute Canada; government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto FX We thank Jo Bovy and Michael Strauss for discussions and helpful comments on the draft, and acknowledge useful discussions with Kendrick Smith and Alex van Engelen. This work was supported by the U.S. NSF through Grants No. AST-0408698, No. PHY-0355328, No. AST-0707731, and No. PIRE-0507768, as well as by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, FONDAP, Basal, Centre AIUC, RCUK Fellowship (J. D.), NASA Grant No. NNX08AH30G (S. D., A. H., T. M.), NSERC PGSD (A. D. H.), NSF PFC Grant No. PHY-0114422 (E. S.), KICP Fellowship (E. S.), SLAC Grant No. DE-AC3-76SF00515 (N. S.), ERC Grant No. 259505 (J. D.), BCCP (S. D.), and the NSF GRFP (B. D. S., B. L. S.). We thank B. Berger, R. Escribano, T. Evans, D. Faber, P. Gallardo, A. Gomez, M. Gordon, D. Holtz, M. McLaren, W. Page, R. Plimpton, D. Sanchez, O. Stryzak, M. Uehara, and Astro-Norte for assistance with ACT. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of Programa de Astronomia, a program of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 16 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 8 AR 083006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.083006 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 021BC UT WOS:000309859300001 ER PT J AU Hedgespeth, ML Sapozhnikova, Y Pennington, P Clum, A Fairey, A Wirth, E AF Hedgespeth, Melanie Lea Sapozhnikova, Yelena Pennington, Paul Clum, Allan Fairey, Andy Wirth, Edward TI Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in treated wastewater discharges into Charleston Harbor, South Carolina SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceutical; Hormone; EPA Method 1694; Influent; Effluent; Estuary ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; URBAN WASTEWATERS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; ESTROGENS; HORMONES; REMOVAL; FISH AB This study assessed seasonal and regional trends of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) detected in monthly samples from two local wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Charleston, South Carolina, USA, over the period of one year. Surface water of Charleston Harbor was also analyzed to examine environmental distribution in an estuarine ecosystem. Of the 19 compounds examined, 11 were quantified in wastewater influent, 9 in effluent, and 7 in surface water. Aqueous concentrations of many PPCPs were reduced by >86% in wastewater effluent compared with influent, though some compounds showed low removal and greater effluent concentrations compared with influent (e.g. estrone and fluoxetine). Differences in effluent concentrations and estimated removal between facilities were likely related to variations in the facilities' operating procedures. Surface water concentrations were generally reduced by >90% for those chemicals found in effluent. Additionally, there were seasonal trends that indicate reduced degradation in colder months in wastewater and surface water. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining PPCPs in the South Atlantic Bight. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hedgespeth, Melanie Lea] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] JHT Inc, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Pennington, Paul; Wirth, Edward] NCCOS, NOS, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Clum, Allan] Mt Pleasant Waterworks, Mt Pleasant, SC 29464 USA. [Fairey, Andy] Charleston Water Syst, Charleston, SC 29402 USA. [Wirth, Edward] NCCOS, NOS, NOAA, Ctr Human Hlth Risk,Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Hedgespeth, ML (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Solvegatan 37, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM Melanie.Hedgespeth@biol.lu.se; Ed.Wirth@noaa.gov OI Hedgespeth, Melanie/0000-0002-3683-3114 FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium; Charleston Water System; Mount Pleasant Water Works; College of Charleston; NOAA FX The authors thank the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston Water System, Mount Pleasant Water Works, College of Charleston, and NOAA for providing financial support for this project Special thanks are given to Patty Iler, Blaine West, and James Daugomah. The National Ocean Service (NOS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 13 U2 145 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 437 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.076 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 035IW UT WOS:000310941000001 PM 22902998 ER PT J AU Dong, Y Puneet, P Tritt, TM Martin, J Nolas, GS AF Dong, Y. Puneet, P. Tritt, T. M. Martin, J. Nolas, G. S. TI High temperature thermoelectric properties of p-type skutterudites BaxYbyCo4-zFezSb12 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; CEYFEXCO4-XSB12; BAYFEXCO4-XSB12; OPTIMIZATION AB Several polycrystalline p-type skutterudites with compositions BaxYbyCo4-zFezSb12, with varying filler concentrations x and y, and z = 1 to 2, were synthesized by reacting the constituents and subsequent solid state annealing, followed by densification by hot-pressing. Their thermoelectric properties were evaluated from 300 to 820 K. The Yb filling fraction increased with Fe content while the amount of Fe substitution had little influence on the Ba filling fraction. High purity specimens were obtained when the Fe content was low. Bipolar conduction contributed to the thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. A maximum ZT value of 0.7 was obtained at 750 K for the specimen with the highest Fe content and filling fraction. The potential for thermoelectric applications is also discussed. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4759370] C1 [Dong, Y.; Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Puneet, P.; Tritt, T. M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Martin, J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dong, Y (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu OI Puneet, Pooja/0000-0003-2341-3994 FU National Science Foundation; Department of Energy Partnership on Thermoelectric Devices for Vehicle Applications [1048796]; KAUST Faculty Initiated Collaboration grant; Clemson University FX Y.D. and G.S.N. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy Partnership on Thermoelectric Devices for Vehicle Applications (Grant No. 1048796). The work in Dr. Tritt's lab acknowledges in part the support of a KAUST Faculty Initiated Collaboration grant and also some funding from Clemson University. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 8 AR 083718 DI 10.1063/1.4759370 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 030VF UT WOS:000310597500062 ER PT J AU Usselman, RJ Russek, SE Klem, MT Allen, MA Douglas, T Young, M Idzerda, YU Singel, DJ AF Usselman, Robert J. Russek, Stephen E. Klem, Michael T. Allen, Mark A. Douglas, Trevor Young, Mark Idzerda, Yves U. Singel, David J. TI Temperature dependence of electron magnetic resonance spectra of iron oxide nanoparticles mineralized in Listeria innocua protein cages SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CONSTRAINED SYNTHESIS; LINE-SHAPE; PARTICLES; ANISOTROPY; FERRITIN; SIZE; FMR AB Electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the magnetic properties of maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanoparticles formed within size-constraining Listeria innocua (LDps)-(DNA-binding protein from starved cells) protein cages that have an inner diameter of 5 nm. Variable-temperature X-band EMR spectra exhibited broad asymmetric resonances with a superimposed narrow peak at a gyromagnetic factor of g approximate to 2. The resonance structure, which depends on both superparamagnetic fluctuations and inhomogeneous broadening, changes dramatically as a function of temperature, and the overall linewidth becomes narrower with increasing temperature. Here, we compare two different models to simulate temperature-dependent lineshape trends. The temperature dependence for both models is derived from a Langevin behavior of the linewidth resulting from "anisotropy melting." The first uses either a truncated log-normal distribution of particle sizes or a bi-modal distribution and then a Landau-Liftshitz lineshape to describe the nanoparticle resonances. The essential feature of this model is that small particles have narrow linewidths and account for the g approximate to 2 feature with a constant resonance field, whereas larger particles have broad linewidths and undergo a shift in resonance field. The second model assumes uniform particles with a diameter around 4 nm and a random distribution of uniaxial anisotropy axes. This model uses a more precise calculation of the linewidth due to superparamagnetic fluctuations and a random distribution of anisotropies. Sharp features in the spectrum near g approximate to 2 are qualitatively predicted at high temperatures. Both models can account for many features of the observed spectra, although each has deficiencies. The first model leads to a nonphysical increase in magnetic moment as the temperature is increased if a log normal distribution of particles sizes is used. Introducing a bi-modal distribution of particle sizes resolves the unphysical increase in moment with temperature. The second model predicts low-temperature spectra that differ significantly from the observed spectra. The anisotropy energy density K-1, determined by fitting the temperature-dependent linewidths, was similar to 50 kJ/m(3), which is considerably larger than that of bulk maghemite. The work presented here indicates that the magnetic properties of these size-constrained nanoparticles and more generally metal oxide nanoparticles with diameters d<5 nm are complex and that currently existing models are not sufficient for determining their magnetic resonance signatures. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757964] C1 [Usselman, Robert J.; Russek, Stephen E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Douglas, Trevor; Singel, David J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Klem, Michael T.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Klem, Michael T.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Ctr Adv Supramol & Nanoscale Syst, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Allen, Mark A.; Idzerda, Yves U.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Douglas, Trevor; Young, Mark; Singel, David J.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Bioinspired Nanomat, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Young, Mark] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Idzerda, Yves U.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Usselman, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM usselman@boulder.nist.gov RI Douglas, Trevor/F-2748-2011 FU NSF-IGERT; NRC; National Institutes of Health [R21EB005364]; Office of Naval Research [19-00-R006] FX R.J.U. gratefully acknowledges support from the NSF-IGERT graduate fellowship and NRC postdoctoral fellowship. This research was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grant R21EB005364) and the Office of Naval Research (Grant 19-00-R006). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 8 AR 084701 DI 10.1063/1.4757964 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 030VF UT WOS:000310597500148 PM 23152643 ER PT J AU Xue, Y Balmaseda, MA Boyer, T Ferry, N Good, S Ishikawa, I Kumar, A Rienecker, M Rosati, AJ Yin, YH AF Xue, Yan Balmaseda, Magdalena A. Boyer, Tim Ferry, Nicolas Good, Simon Ishikawa, Ichiro Kumar, Arun Rienecker, Michele Rosati, Anthony J. Yin, Yonghong TI A Comparative Analysis of Upper-Ocean Heat Content Variability from an Ensemble of Operational Ocean Reanalyses SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; IMPROVED COUPLED MODEL; ENSO PREDICTION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DECADAL PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; LEVEL AB Ocean heat content (HC) is one of the key indicators of climate variability and also provides ocean memory critical for seasonal and decadal predictions. The availability of multiple operational ocean analyses (ORAs) now routinely produced around the world is an opportunity for estimation of uncertainties in HC analysis and development of ensemble-based operational HC climate indices. In this context, the spread across the ORAs is used to quantify uncertainties in HC analysis and the ensemble mean of ORAs to identify, and to monitor, climate signals. Toward this goal, this study analyzed 10 ORAs, two objective analyses based on in situ data only, and eight model analyses based on ocean data assimilation systems. The mean, annual cycle, interannual variability, and long-term trend of HC in the upper 300 m (HC300) from 1980 to 2009 are compared. The spread across HC300 analyses generally decreased with time and reached a minimum in the early 2000s when the Argo data became available. There was a good correspondence between the increase of data counts and reduction of the spread. The agreement of HC300 anomalies among different ORAs, measured by the signal-to-noise ratio (SIN), is generally high in the tropical Pacific, tropical Indian Ocean, North Pacific, and North Atlantic but low in the tropical Atlantic and extratropical southern oceans where observations are very sparse. A set of climate indices was derived as HC300 anomalies averaged over the areas where the covariability between SST and HC300 represents the major climate modes such as ENS, Indian Ocean dipole, Atlantic Nino, Pacific decadal oscillation, and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. C1 [Xue, Yan; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr,WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena A.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Boyer, Tim] NOAA Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ferry, Nicolas] Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France. [Good, Simon] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ishikawa, Ichiro] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Rienecker, Michele] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Rosati, Anthony J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Yin, Yonghong] Ctr Australia Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Yin, Yonghong] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Xue, Y (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr,WWB, Room 605-A,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yan.xue@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Observation Division of Climate Program Office FX We thank support from the NOAA Climate Observation Division of Climate Program Office for this study. The EN3 analysis was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Program (GA01101); The GMAO analysis was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program; The BOM analysis was supported by the Australian Managing Climate Variability Program. We also thank Dr. David Behringer, Dr. Oscar Alves, Dr. Zeng-Zhen Hu, and Dr. Caihong Wen for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 60 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 20 BP 6905 EP 6929 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00542.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 022GB UT WOS:000309944500002 ER PT J AU Wang, H Kumar, A Wang, WQ Jha, B AF Wang, Hui Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu Jha, Bhaskar TI US Summer Precipitation and Temperature Patterns Following the Peak Phase of El Nino SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; ENSO; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; LAND AB Evidence for spatially coherent, but different, U.S. summer precipitation and surface air temperature anomalies during the evolving phase and during the summers following the peak phase of the winter El Nino is presented. The spatial patterns during the decaying phase of El Nino are distinctive from patterns in the preceding summer when El Nino is in its evolving phase, that is, the traditional "simultaneous" composite patterns associated with El Nino. The analysis of a multimodel ensemble of global atmospheric models forced by observed sea surface temperature further confirms that the differences in the U.S. summer precipitation and surface temperature anomalies between the developing and decaying phases of El Nino are a result of the atmospheric response to tropical warm SST anomalies that are shifted eastward and are confined east of 120 W during the decaying phase of El Nino. Given the distinctive pattern, and relatively large amplitude of these anomalies during the decaying phase of El Nino, the results may have implications for the seasonal prediction of U.S. summer precipitation and temperature following winter El Ninos. C1 [Wang, Hui; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, Hui; Jha, Bhaskar] Wyle Sci, Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 20 BP 7204 EP 7215 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00660.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 022GB UT WOS:000309944500021 ER PT J AU Cataldo, G Beall, JA Cho, HM McAndrew, B Niemack, MD Wollack, EJ AF Cataldo, Giuseppe Beall, James A. Cho, Hsiao-Mei McAndrew, Brendan Niemack, Michael D. Wollack, Edward J. TI Infrared dielectric properties of low-stress silicon nitride SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Silicon nitride thin films play an important role in the realization of sensors, filters, and high-performance circuits. Estimates of the dielectric function in the far- and mid-IR regime are derived from the observed transmittance spectra for a commonly employed low-stress silicon nitride formulation. The experimental, modeling, and numerical methods used to extract the dielectric parameters with an accuracy of approximately 4% are presented. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Cataldo, Giuseppe; McAndrew, Brendan; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cataldo, Giuseppe] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Beall, James A.; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Niemack, Michael D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cataldo, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Giuseppe.Cataldo@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 20 BP 4200 EP 4202 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 023RP UT WOS:000310052800012 PM 23073410 ER PT J AU Neely, TW Nugent-Glandorf, L Adler, F Diddams, SA AF Neely, Tyler W. Nugent-Glandorf, Lora Adler, Florian Diddams, Scott A. TI Broadband mid-infrared frequency upconversion and spectroscopy with an aperiodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-MATCHING GRATINGS; COMB SPECTROSCOPY; MU-M; SPECTROMETER AB We convert a mid-infrared frequency comb to near-infrared wavelengths through sum-frequency generation with a 1.064 mu m CW laser in an aperiodically poled ZnO:LiNbO3 waveguide. Upconversion of light in the range of 2.5-4.5 mu m to 0.76-0.86 mu m is demonstrated in a single device, and the efficiency of the conversion is measured across this bandwidth. We additionally characterize the spatial mode of the upconverted light. We then use this upconversion technique to detect and resolve individual lines from a methane gas sample with a common near-infrared optical spectrum analyzer. The stability of the spectrum of the upconverted light is analyzed with the goal of evaluating this technique for precise spectroscopic measurements. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Neely, Tyler W.; Nugent-Glandorf, Lora; Adler, Florian; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Neely, TW (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM t.neely@uq.edu.au; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Neely, Tyler/A-5015-2013; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Neely, Tyler/0000-0002-5691-4982; FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); United States Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the United States Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate. It is a contribution of an agency of the U. S. government, and is not subject to copyright in the United States. The authors thank Yoshiki Nishida and NTT Electronics Corporation for fabrication of the aPPLN, and also thank E. Baumann and G. Ycas for their helpful comments. Any mention of commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by NIST. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 34 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 20 BP 4332 EP 4334 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 023RP UT WOS:000310052800056 PM 23073453 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Nim, CJ Son, S Shi, W AF Wang, Menghua Nim, Carl J. Son, SeungHyun Shi, Wei TI Characterization of turbidity in Florida's Lake Okeechobee and Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie Estuaries using MODIS-Aqua measurements SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Water turbidity; Lake Okeechobee; Water quality monitoring ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SATELLITE OCEAN COLOR; SHALLOW SUBTROPICAL LAKE; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; TAMPA-BAY; FOOD-WEB; USA; COASTAL; IMAGERY AB This paper describes the use of ocean color remote sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite to characterize turbidity in Lake Okeechobee and its primary drainage basins, the Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie estuaries from 2002 to 2010. Drainage modification and agricultural development in southern Florida transport sediments and nutrients from watershed agricultural areas to Lake Okeechobee. As a result of development around Lake Okeechobee and the estuaries that are connected to Lake Okeechobee, estuarine conditions have also been adversely impacted, resulting in salinity and nutrient fluctuations. The measurement of water turbidity in lacustrine and estuarine ecosystems allows researchers to understand important factors such as light limitation and the potential release of nutrients from re-suspended sediments. Based on a strong correlation between water turbidity and normalized water-leaving radiance at the near-infrared (NIR) band (nL(omega)(869)), a new satellite water turbidity algorithm has been developed for Lake Okeechobee. This study has shown important applications with satellite-measured nL(omega)(869) data for water quality monitoring and measurements for turbid inland lakes. MODIS-Aqua-measured water property data are derived using the shortwave infrared (SWIR)-based atmospheric correction algorithm in order to remotely obtain synoptic turbidity data in Lake Okeechobee and normalized water-leaving radiance using the red band (nL(omega)(645)) in the Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie estuaries. We found varied, but distinct seasonal, spatial, and event driven turbidity trends in Lake Okeechobee and the Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie estuary regions. Wind waves and hurricanes have the largest influence on turbidity trends in Lake Okeechobee, while tides, currents, wind waves, and hurricanes influence the Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie estuarine areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Menghua; Nim, Carl J.; Son, SeungHyun; Shi, Wei] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Son, SeungHyun; Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants. We would like to thank Trish Burke at the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and Eric Milbrandt at Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation (SCCF) for providing us with water quality data. In situ turbidity data for Lake Okeechobee were obtained from the SFWMD DBHYDRO website. MODIS L1B data were obtained from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's MODIS Adaptive Processing System Web site. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 16 BP 5410 EP 5422 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.024 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 010LL UT WOS:000309095800049 PM 22858282 ER PT J AU Lack, SA Fox, NI AF Lack, Steven A. Fox, Neil I. TI Development of an automated approach for identifying convective storm type using reflectivity-derived and near-storm environment data SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Storm classification; Convective storms; Nowcasting; Radar meteorology; RUC model ID CELL IDENTIFICATION; DETECTION ALGORITHM; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; SYSTEMS; CLASSIFICATION; WSR-88D; SCHEME; PRECIPITATION; VERIFICATION; PARAMETERS AB Extending storm classification into a separation of convective storm types has applications to nowcasting, severe weather warning and quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting. This work presents an exploration of an automated classification scheme that uses a combination of radar reflectivity products and near-storm environmental parameters derived from Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model analyses to assign one of eight classes to each storm observed. An assessment is made of the classification accuracy, and it is found that the scheme that uses the combination of radar and model data outperforms the scheme that uses only radar products. This is particularly notable in the identification of storms that have rotation, and therefore improves the assessment of those storms' potential longevity and severe weather threat. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox, Neil I.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lack, Steven A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, ESRL, GSD,CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fox, NI (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, 332 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Steven.A.Lack@noaa.gov; foxn@missouri.edu OI Fox, Neil/0000-0002-6994-155X FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0434213] FX This research was made possible by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0434213. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Sakis Micheas and Dr. Chris Wikle for their invaluable assistance with this work. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2012 VL 116 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.02.009 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 004LF UT WOS:000308682500007 ER PT J AU Thompson, WE Lugez, CL Jacox, ME AF Thompson, Warren E. Lugez, Catherine L. Jacox, Marilyn E. TI The infrared spectrum of HOOH+ trapped in solid neon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; excited states; hydrogen compounds; infrared spectra; isomerism; isotope effects; positive ions; vibrational states ID VIBRATION-ROTATION BAND; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MATRIX-ISOLATION; RARE-GASES; AB-INITIO; PREDISSOCIATION SPECTRA; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; EMISSION-SPECTRA; RADICAL-CATION AB When a Ne:H2O2 mixture is codeposited at 4.3 K with a beam of neon atoms that have been excited in a microwave discharge, three new, photosensitive absorptions appear which can be assigned to the three infrared-active vibrational fundamentals of trans-HOOH+. When the Ne:H2O2 deposition system is pretreated with the vapors of D2O, the product absorptions include new peaks which can be attributed to vibrational fundamentals of trans-HOOD+ and trans-DOOD+. Density functional calculations of the vibrational fundamentals of the three hydrogen peroxide cation isotopologues support the proposed assignments. Broad, photosensitive product absorptions also appear near the positions of vibrational transitions of O-3(-), and may be contributed by a weakly bound complex of that species with H2O. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757389] C1 [Thompson, Warren E.; Lugez, Catherine L.; Jacox, Marilyn E.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thompson, WE (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 14 AR 144305 DI 10.1063/1.4757389 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 026SX UT WOS:000310302800016 PM 23061846 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, A AF Stoltzfus, Arlin TI Constructive neutral evolution: exploring evolutionary theory's curious disconnect SO BIOLOGY DIRECT LA English DT Review DE Evolutionary theory; Constructive neutral evolution; Neo-Darwinism; Mutation; Evolutionary genetics; Mutation bias; Modern Synthesis ID MUTATIONAL LANDSCAPE MODEL; BENEFICIAL MUTATIONS; CELLULAR COMPLEXITY; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; DUPLICATE GENES; ADAPTATION; POPULATION; SELECTION; VIRUS; PRESERVATION AB Constructive neutral evolution (CNE) suggests that neutral evolution may follow a stepwise path to extravagance. Whether or not CNE is common, the mere possibility raises provocative questions about causation: in classical neo-Darwinian thinking, selection is the sole source of creativity and direction, the only force that can cause trends or build complex features. However, much of contemporary evolutionary genetics departs from the conception of evolution underlying neo-Darwinism, resulting in a widening gap between what formal models allow, and what the prevailing view of the causes of evolution suggests. In particular, a mutationist conception of evolution as a 2-step origin-fixation process has been a source of theoretical innovation for 40 years, appearing not only in the Neutral Theory, but also in recent breakthroughs in modeling adaptation (the "mutational landscape" model), and in practical software for sequence analysis. In this conception, mutation is not a source of raw materials, but an agent that introduces novelty, while selection is not an agent that shapes features, but a stochastic sieve. This view, which now lays claim to important theoretical, experimental, and practical results, demands our attention. CNE provides a way to explore its most significant implications about the role of variation in evolution. C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM arlin@umd.edu OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 NR 65 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 31 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1745-6150 J9 BIOL DIRECT JI Biol. Direct PD OCT 13 PY 2012 VL 7 AR 35 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-7-35 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 100TK UT WOS:000315726200001 PM 23062217 ER PT J AU Luo, L Wang, J Schwab, DJ Vanderploeg, H Leshkevich, G Bai, XZ Hu, HG Wang, DX AF Luo, Lin Wang, Jia Schwab, David J. Vanderploeg, Henry Leshkevich, George Bai, Xuezhi Hu, Haoguo Wang, Dongxiao TI Simulating the 1998 spring bloom in Lake Michigan using a coupled physical-biological model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; CIRCULATION; ECOSYSTEM; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; DRIVEN; CYCLE AB A coupled physical-biological model is used to simulate the ecosystem characteristics in Lake Michigan. The physical model is the unstructured grid, Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The biological model is a NPZD model, including phosphorus as the nutrient, which is the limiting element in Lake Michigan, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. The models are driven by observed hourly meteorological forcing in 1998 and the model results are calibrated by satellite and in situ data. The main physical and ecological phenomena in the spring of 1998 are captured. During March to May, a circle-like phytoplankton bloom appears in southern Lake Michigan, which looks like a 'doughnut'. The formation mechanisms of the prolonged spring bloom are investigated. It is confirmed that the phytoplankton bloom is forced by rapidly increasing temperature and light intensity in spring. The thermal front that develops in spring inhibits the transport of nutrients and phytoplankton from the nearshore to the deeper water. The wind-driven gyre circulation in southern Lake Michigan induces significant offshore transport, which contributes to the establishment of the circular bloom. C1 [Luo, Lin; Wang, Dongxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Luo, Lin; Bai, Xuezhi; Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, Jia; Schwab, David J.; Vanderploeg, Henry; Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Luo, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM luolin@scsio.ac.cn RI WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012 FU EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We appreciate support from EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to the climate change project awarded to B. Lofgren and J. Wang. Thanks also goes to Cathy Darnell for editing a draft. This is GLERL Contribution 1639. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C10011 DI 10.1029/2012JC008216 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 020RS UT WOS:000309831800001 ER PT J AU Lee, IT Matsuo, T Richmond, AD Liu, JY Wang, W Lin, CH Anderson, JL Chen, MQ AF Lee, I. T. Matsuo, T. Richmond, A. D. Liu, J. Y. Wang, W. Lin, C. H. Anderson, J. L. Chen, M. Q. TI Assimilation of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC electron density profiles into a coupled thermosphere/ionosphere model using ensemble Kalman filtering SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; IONOSPHERIC MODEL AB This paper presents our effort to assimilate FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) GPS Occultation Experiment (GOX) observations into the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) by means of ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF). The F3/C electron density profiles (EDPs) uniformly distributed around the globe which provide an excellent opportunity to monitor the ionospheric electron density structure. The NCAR TIE-GCM simulates the Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere by using self-consistent solutions for the coupled nonlinear equations of hydrodynamics, neutral and ion chemistry, and electrodynamics. The F3/C EDP are combined with the TIE-GCM simulations by EnKF algorithms implemented in the NCAR Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) open-source community facility to compute the expected value of electron density, which is 'the best' estimate of the current ionospheric state. Assimilation analyses obtained with real F3/C electron density profiles are compared with independent ground-based observations as well as the F3/C profiles themselves. The comparison shows the improvement of the primary ionospheric parameters, such as NmF2 and hmF2. Nevertheless, some unrealistic signatures appearing in the results and high rejection rates of observations due to the applied outlier threshold and quality control are found in the assimilation experiments. This paper further discusses the limitations of the model and the impact of ensemble member creation approaches on the assimilation results, and proposes possible methods to avoid these problems for future work. C1 [Lee, I. T.; Liu, J. Y.; Chen, M. Q.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Lee, I. T.; Richmond, A. D.; Wang, W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matsuo, T.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Matsuo, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, J. Y.] Natl Space Org, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Lin, C. H.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Anderson, J. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Inst Math Appl Geosci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM jyliu@jupiter.ss.ncu.edu.tw RI Wang, Wenbin/G-2596-2013; Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015; OI Wang, Wenbin/0000-0002-6287-4542; Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023; Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU High Altitude Observatory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award [FA9550-07-1-0565]; National Sciences Council (NSC) [NSC 98-2111-M-008-008-MY3]; National Space Organization [NSPO-S-101014]; Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM); STC Program of the National Science Foundation [ATM-0120950]; NASA [NNX10AQ59G, NNX09AN57G] FX ITL is supported by a Newkirk Fellowship from the High Altitude Observatory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. TM is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award FA9550-07-1-0565. This work is supported in part by National Sciences Council (NSC) grants, NSC 98-2111-M-008-008-MY3 and National Space Organization grants, NSPO-S-101014. This work is also supported in part by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM), which is funded by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under Agreement ATM-0120950, and NASA grants NNX10AQ59G and NNX09AN57G. The authors wish to thank the reviewers for their useful comments. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A10318 DI 10.1029/2012JA017700 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 020QZ UT WOS:000309829800001 ER EF